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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Personnel_and_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel_and_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Personnel and units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personnel_and_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rank_and_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rank_and_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Rank and role</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rank_and_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recruitment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recruitment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Recruitment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recruitment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obligations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obligations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Obligations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obligations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Training</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intelligence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intelligence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Intelligence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intelligence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Economics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capability_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capability_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Capability development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capability_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Logistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Logistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_combat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_combat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In combat</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_combat-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In combat subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_combat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Strategic_victory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategic_victory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Strategic victory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strategic_victory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_victory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_victory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Operational victory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operational_victory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tactical_victory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tactical_victory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Tactical victory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tactical_victory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_part_of_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_part_of_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>As part of society</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-As_part_of_society-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle As part of society subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-As_part_of_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ideology_and_ethics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology_and_ethics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Ideology and ethics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideology_and_ethics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Military</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 119 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-119" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">119 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%AAr" title="Militêr – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Militêr" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A4r" title="Militär – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Militär" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عسكرية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عسكرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercito" title="Exercito – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Exercito" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%A7%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%82%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AA%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Զէնքաւոր ուժեր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Զէնքաւոր ուժեր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex%C3%A9rcitu" title="Exércitu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Exércitu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordu" title="Ordu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ordu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="اوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="সামরিক বাহিনী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সামরিক বাহিনী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kun-t%C5%ABi" title="Kun-tūi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kun-tūi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%81%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Ҡораллы Көстәр – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡораллы Көстәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Армія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Армія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Армія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Армія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Въоръжени сили – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Въоръжени сили" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A4r" title="Militär – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Militär" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojska" title="Vojska – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vojska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu" title="Lu – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lu" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Сэрэг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Сэрэг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex%C3%A8rcit" title="Exèrcit – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Exèrcit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm%C3%A1da" title="Armáda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Armáda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lluoedd_milwrol" title="Lluoedd milwrol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lluoedd milwrol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A6r" title="Militær – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Militær" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="ميليطير – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ميليطير" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A4r" title="Militär – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Militär" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B5jav%C3%A4gi" title="Sõjavägi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sõjavägi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Στράτευμα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στράτευμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ej%C3%A9rcito" title="Ejército – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ejército" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militfortoj" title="Militfortoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Militfortoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melital" title="Melital – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Melital" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada" title="Armada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Armada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="نیروی نظامی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروی نظامی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauj" title="Fauj – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Fauj" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herna%C3%B0arliga_verjan" title="Hernaðarliga verjan – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Hernaðarliga verjan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e" title="Armée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Armée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forzas_armadas" title="Forzas armadas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Forzas armadas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%88%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF" title="સૈન્ય – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સૈન્ય" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%BBn-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Kiûn-sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kiûn-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%B0%EB%8C%80" title="군대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="군대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Բանակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բանակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="सेना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सेना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojska" title="Vojska – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vojska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militar" title="Militar – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Militar" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militer" title="Militer – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Militer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Her" title="Her – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Her" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90" title="צבא – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צבא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A8r" title="Militèr – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Militèr" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC" title="فوج – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="فوج" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D1%88-%D2%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Әскери күш-қуат – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әскери күш-қуат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu" title="Lu – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lu" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeshi" title="Jeshi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jeshi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larm%C3%A9" title="Larmé – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Larmé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D1%87%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80" title="Куралдуу күчтөр – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Куралдуу күчтөр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copiae_militares" title="Copiae militares – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Copiae militares" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karasp%C4%93ks" title="Karaspēks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Karaspēks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A4r" title="Militär – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Militär" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kariuomen%C4%97" title="Kariuomenė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kariuomenė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forze_armade" title="Forze armade – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Forze armade" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadsereg" title="Hadsereg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hadsereg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Војска – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Војска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="സൈന്യം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൈന്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AB%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="აკოანჯარაფილი ძალეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აკოანჯარაფილი ძალეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_tentera" title="Angkatan tentera – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Angkatan tentera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%ADng-s%C3%AA%CC%A4%E1%B9%B3" title="Gŭng-sê̤ṳ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gŭng-sê̤ṳ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melitar" title="Melitar – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Melitar" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%82_%D1%85%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Зэвсэгт хүчин – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зэвсэгт хүчин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="စစ်ရေး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စစ်ရေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krijgsmacht" title="Krijgsmacht – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Krijgsmacht" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="सेना – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सेना" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E9%9A%8A" title="軍隊 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="軍隊" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militeer" title="Militeer – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Militeer" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A6rvesen" title="Militærvesen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Militærvesen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A6rvesen" title="Militærvesen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Militærvesen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada" title="Armada – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Armada" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armiya" title="Armiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Armiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%9C" title="ਫ਼ੌਜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ੌਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC" title="فوج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فوج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%DA%81" title="پوځ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پوځ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milichri" title="Milichri – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Milichri" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A4r" title="Militär – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Militär" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C5%82y_zbrojne" title="Siły zbrojne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Siły zbrojne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil%C3%A2l%C4%B1_quvetler" title="Silâlı quvetler – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Silâlı quvetler" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armat%C4%83" title="Armată – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Armată" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekshan" title="Rekshan – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Rekshan" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militar" title="Militar – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Militar" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Збройна сила – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Збройна сила" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Вооружённые силы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вооружённые силы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/hitay" title="hitay – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="hitay" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militar" title="Militar – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Militar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forcat_e_armatosura" title="Forcat e armatosura – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Forcat e armatosura" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92" title="මිලිටරි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මිලිටරි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military" title="Military – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Military" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC" title="فوج – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فوج" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojska" title="Vojska – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vojska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8E%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="ھێزی سەربازی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھێزی سەربازی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Војска – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Војска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojska" title="Vojska – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vojska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armeija" title="Armeija – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Armeija" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A4r" title="Militär – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Militär" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukbo" title="Hukbo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hukbo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="படைத்துறை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="படைத்துறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Хәрби көчләр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хәрби көчләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="การทหาร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การทหาร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%B3" title="Нерӯҳои мусаллаҳ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нерӯҳои мусаллаҳ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%AF%E1%8F%AB%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9" title="ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askeriye" title="Askeriye – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Askeriye" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Збройні сили – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Збройні сили" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC" title="فوج – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فوج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginhsw" title="Ginhsw – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ginhsw" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A2n_%C4%91%E1%BB%99i" title="Quân đội – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quân đội" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B5andus" title="Sõandus – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Sõandus" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%8D" title="軍 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="軍" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasundalohan" title="Kasundalohan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kasundalohan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F" title="军队 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="军队" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="מיליטער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מיליטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E9%9A%8A" title="軍隊 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="軍隊" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karioumen%C4%97" title="Karioumenė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Karioumenė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E9%9A%8A" title="軍隊 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="軍隊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A8r" title="Militèr – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Militèr" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militer" title="Militer – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Militer" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8473#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Organization primarily tasked with preparing for and conducting war</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the film, see <a href="/wiki/Military_(film)" title="Military (film)"><i>Military</i> (film)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Armed forces" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Armed_forces_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Armed forces (disambiguation)">Armed forces (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Military" title="Special:EditPage/Military">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Military%22">"Military"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Military%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Military%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Military%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Military%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Military%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:141113-A-QS211-509_-_Soldiers_of_the_1st_Brigade_Combat_Team,_1st_Cavalry_Division,_and_2nd_Cavalry_Regiment_participate_in_the_closing_ceremony_for_Iron_Sword_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/141113-A-QS211-509_-_Soldiers_of_the_1st_Brigade_Combat_Team%2C_1st_Cavalry_Division%2C_and_2nd_Cavalry_Regiment_participate_in_the_closing_ceremony_for_Iron_Sword_2014.jpg/300px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/141113-A-QS211-509_-_Soldiers_of_the_1st_Brigade_Combat_Team%2C_1st_Cavalry_Division%2C_and_2nd_Cavalry_Regiment_participate_in_the_closing_ceremony_for_Iron_Sword_2014.jpg/450px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/141113-A-QS211-509_-_Soldiers_of_the_1st_Brigade_Combat_Team%2C_1st_Cavalry_Division%2C_and_2nd_Cavalry_Regiment_participate_in_the_closing_ceremony_for_Iron_Sword_2014.jpg/600px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1345" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> military ceremony in <a href="/wiki/Pabrad%C4%97" title="Pabradė">Pabradė</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, November 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>military</b>, also known collectively as <b>armed forces</b>, is a heavily <a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">armed</a>, highly organized force primarily intended for <a href="/wiki/Warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Warfare">warfare</a>. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign state</a>, with their members identifiable by a distinct <a href="/wiki/Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">military uniform</a>. They may consist of one or more <a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">military branches</a> such as an <a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">air force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Space_force" title="Space force">space force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marines" title="Marines">marines</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Coast_guard" title="Coast guard">coast guard</a>. The main task of a military is usually defined as defence of their state and its interests against external armed threats. </p><p>In broad usage, the terms "armed forces" and "military" are often synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include other <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitary</a> forces such as armed police. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Countries_by_soldier_count.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Countries_by_soldier_count.svg/300px-Countries_by_soldier_count.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Countries_by_soldier_count.svg/450px-Countries_by_soldier_count.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Countries_by_soldier_count.svg/600px-Countries_by_soldier_count.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>Countries by number of active soldiers (2009)</figcaption></figure> <p>A nation's military may function as a discrete social <a href="/wiki/Subculture" title="Subculture">subculture</a>, with dedicated infrastructure such as military housing, <a href="/wiki/Military_academy" title="Military academy">schools</a>, utilities, <a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">logistics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_hospital" title="Military hospital">hospitals</a>, legal services, food production, finance, and banking services. Beyond warfare, the military may be employed in additional sanctioned and non-sanctioned functions within the state, including internal security threats, <a href="/wiki/Crowd_control" title="Crowd control">crowd control</a>, promotion of <a href="/wiki/Political_agenda" title="Political agenda">political agendas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emergency_service" title="Emergency service">emergency services</a> and reconstruction, protecting <a href="/wiki/Corporate" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate">corporate</a> economic interests, social ceremonies, and national <a href="/wiki/Guard_of_honour" title="Guard of honour">honour guards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The profession of <a href="/wiki/Soldier" title="Soldier">soldiering</a> is older than <a href="/wiki/Recorded_history" title="Recorded history">recorded history</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some images of <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a> portray the power and feats of military <a href="/wiki/Leadership" title="Leadership">leaders</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kadesh" title="Battle of Kadesh">Battle of Kadesh</a> in 1274 BC from the reign of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramses II</a>, features in <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">bas-relief</a> monuments. The first <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">Emperor of a unified China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang">Qin Shi Huang</a>, created the <a href="/wiki/Terracotta_Army" title="Terracotta Army">Terracotta Army</a> to represent his military might.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Romans</a> wrote many <a href="/wiki/Treatise" title="Treatise">treatises</a> and writings on warfare, as well as many decorated <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_arch" title="Triumphal arch">triumphal arches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victory_column" title="Victory column">victory columns</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:150%;"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">War</a></span><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_war" title="Outline of war">outline</a>)</span></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:War,_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers,_artist._LCCN91480633_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3691" data-file-height="1076" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_warfare" title="Ancient warfare">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_warfare" title="Medieval warfare">Post-classical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_fortification" title="Medieval fortification">castles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">Early modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Revolution" title="Military Revolution">military revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_and_shot" title="Pike and shot">pike and shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_weaponry_and_warfare" title="Napoleonic weaponry and warfare">napoleonic warfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_warfare" title="Modern warfare">Late modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_warfare" title="Industrial warfare">industrial warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth-generation_warfare" title="Fourth-generation warfare">fourth-gen warfare</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Military</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_organization" title="Military organization">Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">Command and control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense ministry">Defense ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">Air force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marines" title="Marines">Marines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_guard" title="Coast guard">Coast guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_force" title="Space force">Space force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_army" title="Regular army">Regular</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irregular_military" title="Irregular military">Irregular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_army" title="Standing army">Standing army</a> / <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">Militia</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Specialties:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifleman" title="Rifleman">Rifleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_engineer" title="Combat engineer">Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">Recon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_corps" title="Medical corps">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_police" title="Military police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_diving" title="Military diving">Diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_communications" title="Military communications">Comms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_pilot" title="Aircraft pilot">Pilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_commissar" title="Political commissar">Commissar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Land units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mechanized_infantry" title="Mechanized infantry">Mechanized</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">Armor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">Special forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_corps" title="Signal corps">Signal corps</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Naval units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogman" title="Frogman">Frogman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">Warships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carriers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_craft" title="Landing craft">Landing craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_ship" title="Auxiliary ship">Auxiliary ships</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Air units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">Bombers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">Close air support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic-warfare_aircraft" title="Electronic-warfare aircraft">Electronic-warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">Reconnaissance</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Combat systems:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-control_system" title="Fire-control system">Fire-control system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-control_radar" title="Fire-control radar">Fire-control radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_(military)" title="Director (military)">Director (military)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_information_center" title="Combat information center">Combat information center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">Sonar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Historical:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_gun_fire-control_system" title="Ship gun fire-control system">Ship gun fire-control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_data_computer" title="Gun data computer">Gun data computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_Data_Computer" title="Torpedo Data Computer">Torpedo data computer</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Development:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic training">Basic training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">Military manoeuvrers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat training">Combat training</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Battlespace" title="Battlespace">Battlespace</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>Aerospace <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_forces" title="Airborne forces">Airborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_warfare" title="Space warfare">Space</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_warfare" title="Land warfare">Land</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold-weather_warfare" title="Cold-weather warfare">Cold-region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_warfare" title="Desert warfare">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">Fortification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_warfare" title="Jungle warfare">Jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_warfare" title="Mountain warfare">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">Urban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_warfare" title="Subterranean warfare">Subterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_warfare" title="Tunnel warfare">Tunnel</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">Amphibious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-water_navy" title="Blue-water navy">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown-water_navy" title="Brown-water navy">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green-water_navy" title="Green-water navy">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_warfare" title="Surface warfare">Surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_warfare" title="Underwater warfare">Underwater</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seabed_warfare" title="Seabed warfare">Seabed</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_warfare" title="Information warfare">Information</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">Weapons</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">Air defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_warfare" title="Armoured warfare">Armor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrage_(artillery)" title="Barrage (artillery)">Barrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_camouflage" title="Military camouflage">Camouflage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_warfare" title="Horses in warfare">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_tactics#Cavalry_in_modern_warfare" title="Cavalry tactics">Air cavalry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_warfare" title="Conventional warfare">Conventional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberweapon" title="Cyberweapon">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_denial_weapon" title="Area denial weapon">Denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">Disinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_warfare" title="Drone warfare">Drone</a> / <a href="/wiki/Military_robot" title="Military robot">Robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Electromagnetic warfare">Electromagnetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loitering_munition" title="Loitering munition">Loitering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_defense" title="Missile defense">Missile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_music" title="Martial music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_warfare" title="Psychological warfare">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiological_warfare" title="Radiological warfare">Radiological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_warfare" title="Submarine warfare">Submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconventional_warfare" title="Unconventional warfare">Unconventional</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">Tactics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_tactics" title="List of military tactics">List of military tactics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_combat_manoeuvring" title="Air combat manoeuvring">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airlift" title="Airlift">Airlift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_assault" title="Air assault">Air assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbridge_(logistics)" title="Airbridge (logistics)">Airbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airdrop" title="Airdrop">Airdrop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">Anti-aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">Anti-sub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_warfare" title="Anti-tank warfare">Anti-tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle" title="Battle">Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_tactics" title="Cavalry tactics">Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_(warfare)" title="Charge (warfare)">Charge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterattack" title="Counterattack">Counterattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterinsurgency" title="Counterinsurgency">Counterinsurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convoy" title="Convoy">Convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defeat_in_detail" title="Defeat in detail">Defeat in detail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_fighting_position" title="Defensive fighting position">Foxhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_warfare" title="Drone warfare">Drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envelopment" title="Envelopment">Envelopment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_formation" title="Tactical formation">Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">Guerrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_tactics" title="Naval tactics">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_and_awe" title="Shock and awe">Rapid dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encirclement" title="Encirclement">Encirclement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_(military)" title="Investment (military)">Investment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">Siege</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarming_(military)" title="Swarming (military)">Swarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screening_(tactical)" title="Screening (tactical)">Screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_objective" title="Tactical objective">Tactical objective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturation_attack" title="Saturation attack">Target saturation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_(military)" title="Withdrawal (military)">Withdrawal</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Operational_level_of_war" title="Operational level of war">Operational</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_operation" title="Military operation">Military operation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_operations" title="Special operations">Special</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_research" title="Operations research">Operations research</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">Combined arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_warfare" title="Expeditionary warfare">Expeditionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_operation" title="Deep operation">Deep operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maneuver_warfare" title="Maneuver warfare">Maneuver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operational_manoeuvre_group" title="Operational manoeuvre group">Operational manoeuvre group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_(military)" title="Raid (military)">Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covert_operation" title="Covert operation">Covert</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_strategy" title="Military strategy">Strategy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_strategies_and_concepts" title="List of military strategies and concepts">List of military strategies and concepts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_campaign" title="Military campaign">Military campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-access/area_denial" title="Anti-access/area denial">Anti-access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attrition_warfare" title="Attrition warfare">Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_raiding" title="Commerce raiding">Commerce raiding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-offensive">Counter-offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culminating_point" title="Culminating point">Culminating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_in_depth" title="Defence in depth">Defence in depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_strategy" title="Fabian strategy">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_Fort_Strategy" title="Empty Fort Strategy">Empty fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_Warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic Warfare">Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_deception" title="Military deception">Deception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_defence" title="Strategic defence">Defensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_depth" title="Strategic depth">Depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_goal_(military)" title="Strategic goal (military)">Goal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_strategy" title="Nuclear strategy">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_strategy" title="Naval strategy">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_(military)" title="Offensive (military)">Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorched_earth" title="Scorched earth">Scorched earth</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Grand_strategy" title="Grand strategy">Grand strategy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">Asymmetric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade" title="Blockade">Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broken-backed_war_theory" title="Broken-backed war theory">Broken-backed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_war_(general_term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold war (general term)">Cold war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_war" title="Colonial war">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest" title="Conquest">Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">Containment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divide_and_rule" title="Divide and rule">Divide and conquer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_warfare" title="Economic warfare">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endemic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic warfare">Endemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_in_being" title="Fleet in being">Fleet in being</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irregular_warfare" title="Irregular warfare">Irregular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_national_liberation" title="Wars of national liberation">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_war" title="Limited war">Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network-centric_warfare" title="Network-centric warfare">Network-centric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_warfare" title="New generation warfare">New generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_war" title="Perpetual war">Perpetual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_warfare" title="Political warfare">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_rebellion" title="Princely rebellion">Princely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_war" title="Proxy war">Proxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_war" title="Resource war">Resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_studies" title="Strategic studies">Strategic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_succession" title="War of succession">Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_(warfare)" title="Theater (warfare)">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_war" title="Total war">Total war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_war" title="World war">World war</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_administration" title="Military administration">Administrative</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_policy" title="Military policy">Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_education_and_training" title="Military education and training">Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_service" title="Military service">Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_sociology" title="Military sociology">Sociology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_organization" title="Military organization">Organization</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Area_of_responsibility" title="Area of responsibility">Area of responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_hierarchy" title="Command hierarchy">Chain of command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">Command and control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_doctrine" title="Military doctrine">Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_war" title="Principles of war">Principles of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_force" title="Economy of force">Economy of force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_medicine" title="Military medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_engineering" title="Military engineering">Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">Technology and equipment</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_personnel" title="Military personnel">Personnel</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_recruitment" title="Military recruitment">Recruitment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counter-recruitment" title="Counter-recruitment">counter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobilization" title="Mobilization">Mobilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recruit_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Recruit training">Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_specialism" title="Military specialism">Specialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morale" title="Morale">Morale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_military" title="Women in the military">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_military" title="Children in the military">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_and_military_service" title="Transgender people and military service">Transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment_in_the_military" title="Sexual harassment in the military">Harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_volunteer" title="Military volunteer">Volunteer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foreign_volunteers" title="List of foreign volunteers">foreign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercenary" title="Mercenary">Mercenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldier" title="Soldier">Soldier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Warrior" title="Warrior">Warrior</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_logistics" title="Military logistics">Logistics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_military_logistics" title="History of military logistics">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_economy" title="War economy">War economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">Military–industrial complex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">Arms industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materiel" title="Materiel">Materiel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_supply-chain_management" title="Military supply-chain management">Supply-chain management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_base" title="Military base">Base</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Main_operating_base" title="Main operating base">MOB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_operating_base" title="Forward operating base">FOB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outpost_(military)" title="Outpost (military)">Outpost</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_science" title="Military science">Science</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_projection" title="Power projection">Power projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss-of-strength_gradient" title="Loss-of-strength gradient">Loss-of-strength gradient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanchester%27s_laws" title="Lanchester's laws">Lanchester's laws</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Force_multiplication" title="Force multiplication">Force multiplication</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_war" title="Law of war">Law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">Occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice" title="Armistice">Armistice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">Ceasefire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a> / <a href="/wiki/Military_volunteer" title="Military volunteer">Volunteer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">Court-martial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desertion" title="Desertion">Desertion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Protocol" title="Geneva Protocol">Geneva Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_military_jurisprudence" title="Islamic military jurisprudence">Islamic rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_justice" title="Military justice">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combatant" title="Combatant">Lawful</a> / <a href="/wiki/Unlawful_combatant" title="Unlawful combatant">Unlawful combatant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_of_marque" title="Letter of marque">Letter of marque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfidy" title="Perfidy">Perfidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_military_company" title="Private military company">Private military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foreign_volunteers" title="List of foreign volunteers">Foreign expatriate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercenary" title="Mercenary">Mercenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">Privateer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_laws_on_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish laws on war">Jewish laws on war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_conquest" title="Right of conquest">Right of conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_engagement" title="Rules of engagement">Rules of engagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">War crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_military_unit" title="Penal military unit">Penal military unit</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_theory" title="Military theory">Theory</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_supremacy" title="Air supremacy">Air supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeasement" title="Appeasement">Appeasement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_of_the_sea" title="Command of the sea">Command of the sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-spectrum_dominance" title="Full-spectrum dominance">Full-spectrum dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overmatch" title="Overmatch">Overmatch</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unrestricted_Warfare" title="Unrestricted Warfare">Unrestricted Warfare</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_war_theory" title="Just war theory">Just war theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_war" title="Principles of war">Principles of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_war" title="Philosophy of war">Philosophy of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_dilemma" title="Security dilemma">Security dilemma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tripwire_force" title="Tripwire force">Tripwire force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_wargaming" title="Professional wargaming">Wargaming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_simulation" title="Military simulation">Simulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">Exercises</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_operations_other_than_war" title="Military operations other than war">Non-warfare</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_control" title="Arms control">Arms control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-insurgency">Counter-insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">deterrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_response" title="Disaster response">Disaster response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey-zone_(international_relations)" title="Grey-zone (international relations)">Grey-zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunboat_diplomacy" title="Gunboat diplomacy">Gunboat diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">Humanitarian aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-intensity_conflict" title="Low-intensity conflict">Low-intensity conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_engineering" title="Military engineering">Military engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peacebuilding" title="Peacebuilding">Peacebuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_through_strength" title="Peace through strength">Peace through strength</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_of_force" title="Show of force">Show of force</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_tradition" title="Military tradition">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_awards_and_decorations" title="Military awards and decorations">Awards and decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_cry" title="Battle cry">Battle cry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrior" title="Warrior">Warrior caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">War film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_novel" title="War novel">War novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_drill" title="Foot drill">Foot drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_song" title="War song">War song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">Uniform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wargame" title="Wargame">Wargame</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_war" title="Women in war">Women in war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_resister" title="War resister">War resister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_studies" title="War studies">War studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_warfare" title="Horses in warfare">Horses in warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartime_sexual_violence" title="Wartime sexual violence">Wartime sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_column" title="Fifth column">Fifth column</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_lists" title="Category:Military lists">Lists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_battles" title="Lists of battles">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_occupations" title="List of military occupations">Military occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_established_military_terms" title="List of established military terms">Military terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations" title="List of military operations">Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sieges" title="List of sieges">Sieges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_war_crimes" title="List of war crimes">War crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_war#Wars" title="Outline of war">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_weapons" title="Lists of weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_writers" title="List of military writers">Writers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:War" title="Template:War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:War" title="Template talk:War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_definitions">Etymology and definitions</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Column_of_Marcus_Aurelius_-_detail3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Column_of_Marcus_Aurelius_-_detail3.jpg/250px-Column_of_Marcus_Aurelius_-_detail3.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Column_of_Marcus_Aurelius_-_detail3.jpg/375px-Column_of_Marcus_Aurelius_-_detail3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Column_of_Marcus_Aurelius_-_detail3.jpg/500px-Column_of_Marcus_Aurelius_-_detail3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Relief scene of Roman legionaries marching, from the <a href="/wiki/Column_of_Marcus_Aurelius" title="Column of Marcus Aurelius">Column of Marcus Aurelius</a>, Rome, Italy, 2nd century AD</figcaption></figure> <p>The first recorded use of the word "military" in English, spelled <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">militarie</i></span>, was in 1582.<sup id="cite_ref-OED_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It comes from the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">militaris</i></span> (from Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">miles</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">soldier</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) through French, but is of uncertain etymology, one suggestion being derived from <i>*mil-it-</i> – going in a body or mass.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a noun phrase, "the military" usually refers generally to a country's armed forces, or sometimes, more specifically, to the senior officers who command them.<sup id="cite_ref-OED_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Webster_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webster-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, it refers to the physicality of armed forces, their <a href="/wiki/Military_personnel" title="Military personnel">personnel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">equipment</a>, and the physical area which they occupy. </p><p>As an adjective, military originally referred only to soldiers and soldiering, but it broadened to apply to land forces in general, and anything to do with their profession.<sup id="cite_ref-OED_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The names of both the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_Academy,_Woolwich" title="Royal Military Academy, Woolwich">Royal Military Academy</a> (1741) and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a> (1802) reflect this. However, at about the time of the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, <i>military</i> began to be used in reference to armed forces as a whole, such as "<a href="/wiki/Military_service" title="Military service">military service</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">military intelligence</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">military history</a>". As such, it now connotes any activity performed by armed force personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-OED_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">Military history</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%E2%84%96_2_%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5_%C2%AB%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%C2%BB._%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3,_1911-1915).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%E2%84%96_2_%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5_%C2%AB%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%C2%BB._%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%28%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%2C_1911-1915%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%E2%84%96_2_%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5_%C2%AB%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%C2%BB._%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%28%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%2C_1911-1915%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%E2%84%96_2_%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5_%C2%AB%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%C2%BB._%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%28%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%2C_1911-1915%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1061" data-file-height="938" /></a><figcaption>Depiction of <a href="/wiki/Military_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Military of ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptian military</a> formation</figcaption></figure> <p>Military history is often considered to be the history of all conflicts, not just the history of the state militaries. It differs somewhat from the <a href="/wiki/History_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="History of war">history of war</a>, with military history focusing on the people and institutions of war-making, while the history of war focuses on the evolution of war itself in the face of changing technology, governments, and geography. </p><p>Military history has a number of facets. One main facet is to learn from past accomplishments and mistakes, so as to more effectively wage war in the future. Another is to create a sense of <a href="/wiki/Military_tradition" title="Military tradition">military tradition</a>, which is used to create cohesive military forces. Still, another is to learn to prevent wars more effectively. Human knowledge about the military is largely based on both recorded and <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">oral history</a> of military conflicts (war), their participating <a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">armies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">navies</a> and, more recently, <a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">air forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Military_organization" title="Military organization">Military organization</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GCCMAP_2019.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/GCCMAP_2019.png/300px-GCCMAP_2019.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/GCCMAP_2019.png/450px-GCCMAP_2019.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/GCCMAP_2019.png/600px-GCCMAP_2019.png 2x" data-file-width="11100" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption>An example of military command: a map of the United States' <a href="/wiki/Unified_combatant_command" title="Unified combatant command">Unified Combatant Command</a>'s area of responsibility.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personnel_and_units">Personnel and units</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_personnel" title="Military personnel">Military personnel</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Military_reserve" title="Military reserve">Military reserve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_service" title="Military service">Military service</a></div> <p>Despite the growing importance of <a href="/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">military technology</a>, military activity depends above all on people. For example, in 2000 the British Army declared: "Man is still the first weapon of war."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rank_and_role">Rank and role</h4></div> <p>The military organization is characterized by a <a href="/wiki/Command_hierarchy" title="Command hierarchy">command hierarchy</a> divided by <a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">military rank</a>, with ranks normally grouped (in descending order of authority) as <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officers</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">colonel</a>), <a href="/wiki/Non-commissioned_officer" title="Non-commissioned officer">non-commissioned officers</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">sergeant</a>), and personnel at the lowest rank (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">private</a>). While senior officers make strategic decisions, subordinated military personnel (<a href="/wiki/Soldier" title="Soldier">soldiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sailor" title="Sailor">sailors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marine_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine (military)">marines</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Airmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Airmen">airmen</a>) fulfil them. Although rank titles vary by <a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">military branch</a> and country, the rank hierarchy is common to all state armed forces worldwide. </p><p>In addition to their rank, personnel occupy one of many trade roles, which are often grouped according to the nature of the role's military tasks on combat operations: <a href="/wiki/Combat" title="Combat">combat</a> roles (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a>), <a href="/wiki/Combat_support" title="Combat support">combat support</a> roles (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Combat_engineer" title="Combat engineer">combat engineers</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Combat_service_support" title="Combat service support">combat service support</a> roles (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Military_logistics" title="Military logistics">logistical support</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Recruitment">Recruitment</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_recruitment" title="Military recruitment">Military recruitment</a></div> <p>Personnel may be <a href="/wiki/Military_recruitment" title="Military recruitment">recruited</a> or <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscripted</a>, depending on the system chosen by the state. Most military personnel are males; the minority proportion of female personnel varies internationally (approximately 3% in India,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 10% in the UK,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 13% in Sweden,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 16% in the US,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 27% in South Africa<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). While two-thirds of states now recruit or conscript only adults, as of 2017 50 states still relied partly on children under the age of 18 (usually aged 16 or 17) to staff their armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-CSIntl-2018_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSIntl-2018-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whereas recruits who join as <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officers</a> tend to be <a href="/wiki/Upwardly_mobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Upwardly mobile">upwardly-mobile</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Segal-1998_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Segal-1998-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> most enlisted personnel have a childhood background of relative <a href="/wiki/Socio-economic_gap" class="mw-redirect" title="Socio-economic gap">socio-economic deprivation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brett-2004_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brett-2004-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, after the US suspended conscription in 1973, "the military disproportionately attracted African American men, men from lower-status socioeconomic backgrounds, men who had been in nonacademic high school programs, and men whose high school grades tended to be low".<sup id="cite_ref-Segal-1998_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Segal-1998-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a study released in 2020 on the socio-economic backgrounds of U.S. Armed Forces personnel suggests that they are at parity or slightly higher than the civilian population with respect to socio-economic indicators such as parental income, parental wealth and cognitive abilities. The study found that technological, tactical, operational and doctrinal changes have led to a change in the demand for personnel. Furthermore, the study suggests that the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups are less likely to meet the requirements of the modern U.S. military.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Obligations">Obligations</h4></div> <p>The obligations of military employment are many. Full-time military employment normally requires a minimum period of service of several years; between two and six years is typical of armed forces in Australia, the UK and the US, for example, depending on role, branch, and rank.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gee-2016_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gee-2016-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Findlaw-2017_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findlaw-2017-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some armed forces allow a short <a href="/wiki/Military_discharge" title="Military discharge">discharge</a> window, normally during training, when recruits may leave the armed force as of right.<sup id="cite_ref-UK_legislation-2007_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UK_legislation-2007-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, part-time military employment, known as <a href="/wiki/Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">reserve service</a>, allows a recruit to maintain a civilian job while training under military discipline at weekends; he or she may be called out to <a href="/wiki/Military_operation" title="Military operation">deploy on operations</a> to supplement the full-time personnel complement. After leaving the armed forces, recruits may remain liable for compulsory return to full-time military employment in order to train or <a href="/wiki/Military_operation" title="Military operation">deploy on operations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UK_legislation-2007_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UK_legislation-2007-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Findlaw-2017_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findlaw-2017-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Military_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Law">Military law</a> introduces offences not recognized by civilian courts, such as <a href="/wiki/Desertion" title="Desertion">absence without leave (AWOL)</a>, desertion, political acts, <a href="/wiki/Malingering" title="Malingering">malingering</a>, behaving disrespectfully, and disobedience (see, for example, <a href="/wiki/Offences_against_military_law_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Offences against military law in the United Kingdom">offences against military law in the United Kingdom</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-UK_Ministry_Defence-2017_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UK_Ministry_Defence-2017-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penalties range from a summary <a href="/wiki/Reprimand" title="Reprimand">reprimand</a> to imprisonment for several years following a <a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">court martial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UK_Ministry_Defence-2017_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UK_Ministry_Defence-2017-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain rights are also restricted or suspended, including the freedom of association (e.g. union organizing) and freedom of speech (speaking to the media).<sup id="cite_ref-UK_Ministry_Defence-2017_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UK_Ministry_Defence-2017-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Military personnel in some countries have a right of <a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">conscientious objection</a> if they believe an order is immoral or unlawful, or cannot in good conscience carry it out. </p><p>Personnel may be posted to bases in their home country or overseas, according to operational need, and may be deployed from those bases on <a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">exercises</a> or <a href="/wiki/Military_operation" title="Military operation">operations</a>. During peacetime, when military personnel are generally stationed in <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrisons</a> or other permanent military facilities, they conduct administrative tasks, <a href="/wiki/Military_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Military training">training</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Military education">education</a> activities, <a href="/wiki/Maintenance,_repair_and_operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Maintenance, repair and operations">technology maintenance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_recruitment" title="Military recruitment">and recruitment</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Training">Training</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USRAK_soldiers_attend_Finnish_army%27s_cold_weather_training_150110-A-WX507-585.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/USRAK_soldiers_attend_Finnish_army%27s_cold_weather_training_150110-A-WX507-585.jpg/170px-USRAK_soldiers_attend_Finnish_army%27s_cold_weather_training_150110-A-WX507-585.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/USRAK_soldiers_attend_Finnish_army%27s_cold_weather_training_150110-A-WX507-585.jpg/255px-USRAK_soldiers_attend_Finnish_army%27s_cold_weather_training_150110-A-WX507-585.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/USRAK_soldiers_attend_Finnish_army%27s_cold_weather_training_150110-A-WX507-585.jpg/340px-USRAK_soldiers_attend_Finnish_army%27s_cold_weather_training_150110-A-WX507-585.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Finnish and American soldiers training together in arctic conditions in <a href="/wiki/Lapland_(Finland)" title="Lapland (Finland)">Lapland, Finland</a>, January 6–16, 2015</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_recruit_training" title="Military recruit training">Military recruit training</a></div> <p>Initial training conditions recruits for the demands of military life, including preparedness to injure and kill other people, and to face mortal danger without fleeing. It is a physically and psychologically intensive process which <a href="/wiki/Resocialization" title="Resocialization">resocializes</a> recruits for the unique nature of military demands.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> For example: </p> <ul><li>Individuality is suppressed (e.g. by shaving the head of new recruits, issuing uniforms, denying privacy, and prohibiting the use of first names);<sup id="cite_ref-McGurk-2006_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGurk-2006-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hockey-1986_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hockey-1986-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Daily routine is tightly controlled (e.g. recruits must make their beds, polish boots, and stack their clothes in a certain way, and mistakes are punished);<sup id="cite_ref-Bourne-1967_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bourne-1967-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hockey-1986_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hockey-1986-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Continuous <a href="/wiki/Stressor" title="Stressor">stressors</a> deplete psychological resistance to the demands of their instructors (e.g. depriving recruits of sleep, food, or shelter, shouting insults and giving orders intended to humiliate)<sup id="cite_ref-Grossman-2009_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grossman-2009-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hockey-1986_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hockey-1986-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bourne-1967_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bourne-1967-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Frequent punishments serve to condition group conformity and discourage poor performance;<sup id="cite_ref-Hockey-1986_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hockey-1986-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The disciplined drill instructor is presented as a role model of the ideal soldier.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intelligence">Intelligence</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Military intelligence</a></div> <p>The next requirement comes as a fairly basic need for the military to identify possible <a href="/wiki/Military_threat" title="Military threat">threats</a> it may be called upon to face. For this purpose, some of the commanding forces and other military, as well as often civilian personnel participate in identification of these threats. This is at once an organization, a system and a process collectively called <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">military intelligence</a> (MI). Areas of study in Military intelligence may include the operational environment, hostile, friendly and neutral forces, the civilian population in an area of combat operations, and other broader areas of interest.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The difficulty in using military intelligence concepts and military intelligence methods is in the nature of the <a href="/wiki/Information_security" title="Information security">secrecy</a> of the information they seek, and the <a href="/wiki/Clandestine_operation" title="Clandestine operation">clandestine</a> nature that intelligence operatives work in obtaining what may be plans for a <a href="/wiki/Conflict_escalation" title="Conflict escalation">conflict escalation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phase_(combat)" title="Phase (combat)">initiation of combat</a>, or an <a href="/wiki/Invasion" title="Invasion">invasion</a>. </p><p>An important part of the military intelligence role is the military analysis performed to assess <a href="/wiki/Military_capability" title="Military capability">military capability</a> of potential future aggressors, and provide combat modelling that helps to understand factors on which comparison of forces can be made. This helps to quantify and qualify such statements as: "<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of India">India</a> maintain the largest armed forces in the World" or that "the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Military" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Military">U.S. Military</a> is considered to be the world's strongest".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_guerrilla_organization.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Simple_guerrilla_organization.svg/220px-Simple_guerrilla_organization.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Simple_guerrilla_organization.svg/330px-Simple_guerrilla_organization.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Simple_guerrilla_organization.svg/440px-Simple_guerrilla_organization.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="143" /></a><figcaption>Guerrilla structure</figcaption></figure> <p>Although some groups engaged in combat, such as militants or <a href="/wiki/Resistance_movement" title="Resistance movement">resistance movements</a>, refer to themselves using military terminology, notably 'Army' or 'Front', none have had the structure of a national military to justify the reference, and usually have had to rely on support of outside national militaries. They also use these terms to conceal from the MI their true capabilities, and to impress potential ideological recruits. </p><p>Having military intelligence representatives participate in the execution of the national defence policy is important, because it becomes the first respondent and commentator on the policy expected <a href="/wiki/Strategic_goal_(military)" title="Strategic goal (military)">strategic goal</a>, compared to the realities of <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_(information_gathering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence (information gathering)">identified threats</a>. When the intelligence reporting is compared to the policy, it becomes possible for the national leadership to consider allocating resources over and above the officers and their subordinates military pay, and the expense of maintaining military facilities and military support services for them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economics">Economics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_budget" title="Military budget">Military budget</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238864702">.mw-parser-output .bar-chart{margin:0.5em;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid #c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart caption{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th,.mw-parser-output .bar-chart td{padding:1px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="col"]:not(.bar-chart-label-type){width:15em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="row"]:not(.bar-chart-total){font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar{height:1.25em;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#cedff2;height:1.25em;margin:0 0 0 0;z-index:0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-comment{font-size:90%;padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-numbers{position:relative;top:-1.4em;height:1.25em;padding:0 0 0 2em;z-index:10;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-caption{border-top:1px solid #aaa}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-center{margin:0.5em auto}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}</style> <table class="bar-chart bar-chart-right"> <caption>Military budget 2021 <span style="font-size:85%;">(in USD billions)</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="bar-chart-label-type"><span style="font-size:85%;">Country</span> </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 10em"><span style="font-size:85%;">Military Budget</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> United States </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:9.7em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 10em;"><span class="nowrap">778.0</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> China </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:3.2em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 10em;"><span class="nowrap">252.0</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> India </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.9em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 10em;"><span class="nowrap">72.9</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Russia </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.8em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 10em;"><span class="nowrap">61.7</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> United Kingdom </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.7em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 10em;"><span class="nowrap">59.2</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Saudi Arabia </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.7em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 10em;"><span class="nowrap">57.5</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Germany </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.7em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 10em;"><span class="nowrap">52.8</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> France </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.7em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 10em;"><span class="nowrap">52.7</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Japan </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.6em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 10em;"><span class="nowrap">49.1</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> South Korea </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.6em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 10em;"><span class="nowrap">45.7</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> Italy </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.4em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 10em;"><span class="nowrap">28.9</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> Australia </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.3em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 10em;"><span class="nowrap">27.5</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Canada </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.3em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 10em;"><span class="nowrap">22.8</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> Israel </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.3em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 10em;"><span class="nowrap">21.7</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> Brazil </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.2em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 10em;"><span class="nowrap">19.7</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="bar-chart-caption" colspan="10"> <p><span style="font-size:85%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute" title="Stockholm International Peace Research Institute">SIPRI</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_defense" title="Economics of defense">Defense economics</a> is the financial and monetary efforts made to resource and sustain militaries, and to finance <a href="/wiki/Military_operation" title="Military operation">military operations</a>, including war. </p><p>The process of allocating resources is conducted by determining a <a href="/wiki/Military_budget" title="Military budget">military budget</a>, which is administered by a military finance organization within the military. Military procurement is then authorized to purchase or contract provision of goods and services to the military, whether in peacetime at a permanent base, or in a combat zone from local population. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 248.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 246.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Military_Expenditures_by_Country_2019.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A pie chart showing global military expenditures by country for 2019, in US$ billions, according to SIPRI"><img alt="A pie chart showing global military expenditures by country for 2019, in US$ billions, according to SIPRI" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Military_Expenditures_by_Country_2019.svg/370px-Military_Expenditures_by_Country_2019.svg.png" decoding="async" width="247" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Military_Expenditures_by_Country_2019.svg/555px-Military_Expenditures_by_Country_2019.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Military_Expenditures_by_Country_2019.svg/740px-Military_Expenditures_by_Country_2019.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="905" data-file-height="661" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A pie chart showing global military expenditures by country for 2019, in US$ billions, according to SIPRI</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 397.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 395.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Military_Expenditures_as_percent_of_GDP_2017.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of military expenditures as a percentage of GDP by country, 2017[35][needs update]"><img alt="Map of military expenditures as a percentage of GDP by country, 2017[35][needs update]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Military_Expenditures_as_percent_of_GDP_2017.png/593px-Military_Expenditures_as_percent_of_GDP_2017.png" decoding="async" width="396" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Military_Expenditures_as_percent_of_GDP_2017.png/890px-Military_Expenditures_as_percent_of_GDP_2017.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Military_Expenditures_as_percent_of_GDP_2017.png/1186px-Military_Expenditures_as_percent_of_GDP_2017.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="820" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of military expenditures as a percentage of <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> by country, 2017<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (July 2019)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 417.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 415.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_militrary_expenditures_absolute.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Military expenditure of 2014 in USD"><img alt="Military expenditure of 2014 in USD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2014_militrary_expenditures_absolute.svg/623px-2014_militrary_expenditures_absolute.svg.png" decoding="async" width="416" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2014_militrary_expenditures_absolute.svg/934px-2014_militrary_expenditures_absolute.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2014_militrary_expenditures_absolute.svg/1245px-2014_militrary_expenditures_absolute.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="477" data-file-height="207" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Military expenditure of 2014 in <a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">USD</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 256.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 254.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Military_budget_in_%25_of_USA_military_expeditures_1988-2019.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Military budget in countries from 1988 to 2019   USSR/Russia   China   NATO (Europe, excluding Turkey)"><img alt="Military budget in countries from 1988 to 2019   USSR/Russia   China   NATO (Europe, excluding Turkey)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Military_budget_in_%25_of_USA_military_expeditures_1988-2019.svg/382px-Military_budget_in_%25_of_USA_military_expeditures_1988-2019.svg.png" decoding="async" width="255" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Military_budget_in_%25_of_USA_military_expeditures_1988-2019.svg/573px-Military_budget_in_%25_of_USA_military_expeditures_1988-2019.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Military_budget_in_%25_of_USA_military_expeditures_1988-2019.svg/764px-Military_budget_in_%25_of_USA_military_expeditures_1988-2019.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Military budget in countries from 1988 to 2019 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#9cbc58; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> USSR/Russia</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#c14f4c; color:white; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> China</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4e82be; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> NATO (Europe, excluding Turkey)</div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capability_development">Capability development</h3></div> <p>Capability development, which is often referred to as the military 'strength', is arguably one of the most complex activities known to humanity; because it requires determining: strategic, operational, and tactical capability requirements to counter the identified threats; strategic, <a href="/wiki/Operational_doctrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Operational doctrine">operational</a>, and tactical doctrines by which the acquired capabilities will be used; identifying concepts, methods, and systems involved in executing the doctrines; creating design specifications for the manufacturers who would produce these in adequate quantity and quality for their use in combat; purchase the concepts, methods, and systems; create a forces structure that would use the concepts, methods, and systems most effectively and efficiently; integrate these concepts, methods, and systems into the force structure by providing <a href="/wiki/Military_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Military education">military education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Military training">training</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">practice</a> that preferably resembles combat environment of intended use; create <a href="/wiki/Military_logistics" title="Military logistics">military logistics</a> systems to allow continued and uninterrupted performance of <a href="/wiki/Military_organization" title="Military organization">military organizations</a> under combat conditions, including provision of health services to the personnel, and maintenance for the equipment; the services to assist recovery of wounded personnel, and repair of damaged equipment; and finally, post-conflict <a href="/wiki/Demobilization" title="Demobilization">demobilization</a>, and disposal of war stocks surplus to peacetime requirements. </p><p>Development of <a href="/wiki/Military_doctrine" title="Military doctrine">military doctrine</a> is perhaps the most important of all capability development activities, because it determines how military forces are used in conflicts, the concepts and methods used by the command to employ appropriately military skilled, <a href="/wiki/Soldier" title="Soldier">armed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_equipment" class="mw-redirect" title="Military equipment">equipped</a> personnel in achievement of the tangible goals and objectives of the <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">war</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_campaign" title="Military campaign">campaign</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle" title="Battle">battle</a>, engagement, and action.<sup id="cite_ref-p.67,_Dupuy_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.67,_Dupuy-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The line between strategy and tactics is not easily blurred, although deciding which is being discussed had sometimes been a matter of personal judgement by some commentators, and military historians. The use of forces at the level of organization between strategic and tactical is called <a href="/wiki/Operational_mobility" class="mw-redirect" title="Operational mobility">operational mobility</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science">Science</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">Military technology</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Military" title="Special:EditPage/Military">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UA_EDM4S_anti-drone_rifle_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/UA_EDM4S_anti-drone_rifle_01.jpg/220px-UA_EDM4S_anti-drone_rifle_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/UA_EDM4S_anti-drone_rifle_01.jpg/330px-UA_EDM4S_anti-drone_rifle_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/UA_EDM4S_anti-drone_rifle_01.jpg/440px-UA_EDM4S_anti-drone_rifle_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="807" /></a><figcaption>A frontline Ukrainian soldier with an anti-drone rifle, which uses <a href="/wiki/Directed-energy_weapon" title="Directed-energy weapon">directed energy</a> to disable its target. The mainstream use of <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">drone</a> technology in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> led to a need to research, develop and deploy effective counter-measures.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Because most of the concepts and methods used by the military, and many of its systems are not found in commercial branches, much of the material is researched, designed, developed, and offered for inclusion in <a href="/wiki/Arsenal" title="Arsenal">arsenals</a> by <a href="/wiki/Military_science" title="Military science">military science</a> organizations within the overall structure of the military. Therefore, military scientists can be found interacting with all Arms and Services of the armed forces, and at all levels of the military hierarchy of command. </p><p>Although concerned with research into <a href="/wiki/Military_psychology" title="Military psychology">military psychology</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Combat_stress_reaction" title="Combat stress reaction">combat stress</a> and how it affects troop <a href="/wiki/Morale" title="Morale">morale</a>, often the bulk of military science activities is directed at military intelligence technology, <a href="/wiki/Military_communications" title="Military communications">military communications</a>, and improving <a href="/wiki/Military_capability" title="Military capability">military capability</a> through research. The design, development, and prototyping of <a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">weapons</a>, military support equipment, and <a href="/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">military technology</a> in general, is also an area in which much effort is invested – it includes everything from global communication networks and <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carriers</a> to paint and food. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Logistics">Logistics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_logistics" title="Military logistics">Military logistics</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Military" title="Special:EditPage/Military">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Combat_Logistics_Patrol_in_Afghanistan_MOD_45152764.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Combat_Logistics_Patrol_in_Afghanistan_MOD_45152764.jpg/220px-Combat_Logistics_Patrol_in_Afghanistan_MOD_45152764.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Combat_Logistics_Patrol_in_Afghanistan_MOD_45152764.jpg/330px-Combat_Logistics_Patrol_in_Afghanistan_MOD_45152764.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Combat_Logistics_Patrol_in_Afghanistan_MOD_45152764.jpg/440px-Combat_Logistics_Patrol_in_Afghanistan_MOD_45152764.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Afghan and British military cargo trucks preparing a <a href="/wiki/Convoy" title="Convoy">convoy</a> to resupply a <a href="/wiki/Forward_operating_base" title="Forward operating base">forward operating base</a> in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, 2011</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JASDF_C-2(78-1205)_PDS_airdrop_demonstration_at_Miho_Air_Base_May_27,_2018_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/JASDF_C-2%2878-1205%29_PDS_airdrop_demonstration_at_Miho_Air_Base_May_27%2C_2018_03.jpg/220px-JASDF_C-2%2878-1205%29_PDS_airdrop_demonstration_at_Miho_Air_Base_May_27%2C_2018_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/JASDF_C-2%2878-1205%29_PDS_airdrop_demonstration_at_Miho_Air_Base_May_27%2C_2018_03.jpg/330px-JASDF_C-2%2878-1205%29_PDS_airdrop_demonstration_at_Miho_Air_Base_May_27%2C_2018_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/JASDF_C-2%2878-1205%29_PDS_airdrop_demonstration_at_Miho_Air_Base_May_27%2C_2018_03.jpg/440px-JASDF_C-2%2878-1205%29_PDS_airdrop_demonstration_at_Miho_Air_Base_May_27%2C_2018_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3031" data-file-height="2024" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Air Self-Defense Force">Japan Air Self-Defense Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_C-2" title="Kawasaki C-2">Kawasaki C-2</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_transport_aircraft" title="Military transport aircraft">military transport aircraft</a> conducting an <a href="/wiki/Airdrop" title="Airdrop">airdrop</a> demonstration over <a href="/wiki/Miho-Yonago_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Miho-Yonago Airport">Miho Air Base</a>, 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>Possessing military capability is not sufficient if this capability cannot be deployed for, and employed in combat operations. To achieve this, <a href="/wiki/Military_logistics" title="Military logistics">military logistics</a> are used for the <a href="/wiki/Logistics_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Logistics management">logistics management</a> and logistics planning of the forces <a href="/wiki/Military_supply_chain_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Military supply chain management">military supply chain management</a>, the consumables, and capital equipment of the troops. </p><p>Although mostly concerned with the <a href="/wiki/Military_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Military transport">military transport</a>, as a means of delivery using different modes of transport; from <a href="/wiki/Military_truck" class="mw-redirect" title="Military truck">military trucks</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Container_ship" title="Container ship">container ships</a> operating from permanent <a href="/wiki/Military_base" title="Military base">military base</a>, it also involves creating field supply dumps at the rear of the <a href="/wiki/Combat" title="Combat">combat</a> zone, and even forward supply points in a specific unit's <a href="/wiki/Tactical_area_of_responsibility" title="Tactical area of responsibility">tactical area of responsibility</a>. </p><p>These supply points are also used to provide <a href="/wiki/Military_engineering" title="Military engineering">military engineering</a> services, such as the recovery of defective and derelict vehicles and weapons, maintenance of weapons in the field, the repair and field modification of weapons and equipment; and in peacetime, the life-extension programmes undertaken to allow continued use of equipment. One of the most important role of logistics is the supply of <a href="/wiki/Munition" class="mw-redirect" title="Munition">munitions</a> as a primary type of consumable, their storage, and <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_disposal" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance disposal">disposal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_combat">In combat</h2></div> <p>The primary reason for the existence of the military is to engage in <a href="/wiki/Combat" title="Combat">combat</a>, should it be required to do so by the national defence policy, and to win. This represents an organisational goal of any military, and the primary focus for military thought through <a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">military history</a>. How <a href="/wiki/Victory" title="Victory">victory</a> is achieved, and what shape it assumes, is studied by most, if not all, military groups on three levels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strategic_victory">Strategic victory</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Strategic_victory" title="Strategic victory">Strategic victory</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27,_of_the_Bombay_Marine,_1812;_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27%2C_of_the_Bombay_Marine%2C_1812%3B_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27%2C_of_the_Bombay_Marine%2C_1812%3B_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27%2C_of_the_Bombay_Marine%2C_1812%3B_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff/lossy-page1-330px-Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27%2C_of_the_Bombay_Marine%2C_1812%3B_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27%2C_of_the_Bombay_Marine%2C_1812%3B_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff/lossy-page1-440px-Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27%2C_of_the_Bombay_Marine%2C_1812%3B_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4867" data-file-height="2887" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Navy" title="Maratha Navy">Maratha Navy</a>, which is considered to be the foundation of the modern <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a>, often employed land and sea coordination tactics when attacking, which won them many battles against the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Military_strategy" title="Military strategy">Military strategy</a> is the management of forces in <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">wars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_campaign" title="Military campaign">military campaigns</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a>, employing large military forces, either national and allied as a whole, or the component elements of <a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">armies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">navies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">air forces</a>; such as <a href="/wiki/Army_group" title="Army group">army groups</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naval_fleet" title="Naval fleet">naval fleets</a>, and large numbers of <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a>. Military strategy is a long-term projection of belligerents' policy, with a broad view of outcome implications, including outside the concerns of military command. Military strategy is more concerned with the <a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">supply of war</a> and planning, than management of field forces and combat between them. The scope of strategic military planning can span weeks, but is more often months or even years.<sup id="cite_ref-p.67,_Dupuy_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.67,_Dupuy-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operational_victory">Operational victory</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Military" title="Special:EditPage/Military">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crowd_of_Dutch_civilians_celebrating_the_liberation_of_Utrecht_by_the_Canadian_Army.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Crowd_of_Dutch_civilians_celebrating_the_liberation_of_Utrecht_by_the_Canadian_Army.jpg/220px-Crowd_of_Dutch_civilians_celebrating_the_liberation_of_Utrecht_by_the_Canadian_Army.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Crowd_of_Dutch_civilians_celebrating_the_liberation_of_Utrecht_by_the_Canadian_Army.jpg/330px-Crowd_of_Dutch_civilians_celebrating_the_liberation_of_Utrecht_by_the_Canadian_Army.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Crowd_of_Dutch_civilians_celebrating_the_liberation_of_Utrecht_by_the_Canadian_Army.jpg/440px-Crowd_of_Dutch_civilians_celebrating_the_liberation_of_Utrecht_by_the_Canadian_Army.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="938" /></a><figcaption>Dutch civilians celebrating the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/I_Canadian_Corps" title="I Canadian Corps">I Canadian Corps</a> in <a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army">Canadian Army</a> liberates the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> from Nazi occupation</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Operational_mobility" class="mw-redirect" title="Operational mobility">Operational mobility</a> is, within <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">warfare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_doctrine" title="Military doctrine">military doctrine</a>, the level of command which coordinates the minute details of <a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">tactics</a> with the overarching goals of <a href="/wiki/Strategy" title="Strategy">strategy</a>. A common synonym is operational art. </p><p>The operational level is at a scale bigger than one where line of sight and the time of day are important, and smaller than the strategic level, where production and politics are considerations. Formations are of the operational level if they are able to conduct operations on their own, and are of sufficient size to be directly handled or have a significant impact at the strategic level. This concept was pioneered by the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> army prior to and during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>. At this level, planning and duration of activities takes from one week to a month, and are executed by <a href="/wiki/Field_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Army">Field Armies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Army_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Corps">Army Corps</a> and their naval and air equivalents.<sup id="cite_ref-p.67,_Dupuy_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.67,_Dupuy-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tactical_victory">Tactical victory</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tactical_victory" title="Tactical victory">Tactical victory</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Military" title="Special:EditPage/Military">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">Military tactics</a> concerns itself with the methods for engaging and defeating the enemy in direct combat. Military tactics are usually used by units over hours or days, and are focused on the specific tasks and objectives of <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(army)" title="Squadron (army)">squadrons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Company_(military_unit)" title="Company (military unit)">companies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regiment" title="Regiment">regiments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigades</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">divisions</a>, and their naval and air force equivalents.<sup id="cite_ref-p.67,_Dupuy_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.67,_Dupuy-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the oldest military publications is <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_War" title="The Art of War">The Art of War</a></i>, by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_philosophers" title="List of Chinese philosophers">Chinese philosopher</a> <a href="/wiki/Sun_Tzu" title="Sun Tzu">Sun Tzu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Written in the 6th century BCE, the 13-chapter book is intended as military instruction, and not as <a href="/wiki/Military_theory" title="Military theory">military theory</a>, but has had a huge influence on Asian military doctrine, and from the late 19th century, on European and United States <a href="/wiki/Military_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Military plan">military planning</a>. It has even been used to formulate business tactics, and can even be applied in social and political areas. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macedonian_battle_formation-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Macedonian_battle_formation-en.svg/220px-Macedonian_battle_formation-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Macedonian_battle_formation-en.svg/330px-Macedonian_battle_formation-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Macedonian_battle_formation-en.svg/440px-Macedonian_battle_formation-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption>Battle formation and tactics of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedon</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The Classical Greeks and the Romans wrote prolifically on <a href="/wiki/Military_campaign" title="Military campaign">military campaigning</a>. Among the best-known Roman works are <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>'s commentaries on the <a href="/wiki/Gallic_Wars" title="Gallic Wars">Gallic Wars</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_civil_war" title="Caesar's civil war">Roman Civil war</a> – written about 50 BC. </p><p>Two major works on tactics come from the late Roman period: <i>Taktike Theoria</i> by <a href="/wiki/Aelianus_Tacticus" title="Aelianus Tacticus">Aelianus Tacticus</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/De_Re_Militari" class="mw-redirect" title="De Re Militari">De Re Militari</a></i> ('On military matters') by <a href="/wiki/Publius_Flavius_Vegetius_Renatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus">Vegetius</a>. <i>Taktike Theoria</i> examined Greek military tactics, and was most influential in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> world and during the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Golden Age of Islam</a>. </p><p><i>De Re Militari</i> formed the basis of European military tactics until the late 17th century. Perhaps its most enduring maxim is <a href="/wiki/Si_vis_pacem,_para_bellum" title="Si vis pacem, para bellum"><i>Igitur qui desiderat pacem, praeparet bellum</i></a> (let he who desires peace prepare for war). </p><p>Due to the changing nature of combat with the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> in the European <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, and infantry firearms in the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, attempts were made to define and identify those strategies, <a href="/wiki/Grand_tactics" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand tactics">grand tactics</a>, and tactics that would produce a victory more often than that achieved by the Romans in praying to the gods before the battle. </p><p> Later this became known as <a href="/wiki/Military_science" title="Military science">military science</a>, and later still, would adopt the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">scientific method</a> approach to the conduct of military operations under the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> thinking. In his seminal book <i><a href="/wiki/On_War" title="On War">On War</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a> <a href="/wiki/Major-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major-General">Major-General</a> and leading <a href="/wiki/Expert" title="Expert">expert</a> on modern <a href="/wiki/Military_strategy" title="Military strategy">military strategy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Clausewitz" title="Carl von Clausewitz">Carl von Clausewitz</a> defined military strategy as 'the employment of battles to gain the end of war'.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Clausewitz: </p><blockquote> <p>strategy forms the plan of the War, and to this end it links together the series of acts which are to lead to the final decision, that is to say, it makes the plans for the separate campaigns and regulates the combats to be fought in each.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Hence, Clausewitz placed political aims above <a href="/wiki/Strategic_goal_(military)" title="Strategic goal (military)">military goals</a>, ensuring <a href="/wiki/Civilian_control_of_the_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilian control of the military">civilian control of the military</a>. Military strategy was one of a triumvirate of '<a href="/wiki/Military_art_(Military_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military art (Military science)">arts</a>' or 'sciences' that governed the conduct of warfare, the others being: <a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">military tactics</a>, the execution of plans and <a href="/wiki/Operational_mobility" class="mw-redirect" title="Operational mobility">manoeuvring of forces in battle</a>, and maintenance of an army. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Combined_Arms_Training.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Combined_Arms_Training.jpg/220px-Combined_Arms_Training.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Combined_Arms_Training.jpg/330px-Combined_Arms_Training.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Combined_Arms_Training.jpg/440px-Combined_Arms_Training.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Armed Forces of Ukraine</a> soldiers conducting <a href="/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">combined arms</a> tactics training with a <a href="/wiki/BMP-2" title="BMP-2">BMP-2</a> <a href="/wiki/Infantry_fighting_vehicle" title="Infantry fighting vehicle">IFV</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The meaning of military tactics has changed over time; from the deployment and manoeuvring of entire land armies on the fields of ancient battles, and galley fleets; to modern use of small unit <a href="/wiki/Ambush" title="Ambush">ambushes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encirclement" title="Encirclement">encirclements</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombardment" title="Bombardment">bombardment</a> attacks, <a href="/wiki/Frontal_assault" title="Frontal assault">frontal assaults</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_assault" title="Air assault">air assaults</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hit-and-run_tactics" title="Hit-and-run tactics">hit-and-run tactics</a> used mainly by <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrilla">guerrilla</a> forces, and, in some cases, <a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack" title="Suicide attack">suicide attacks</a> on land and at sea. Evolution of <a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">aerial warfare</a> introduced its own <a href="/wiki/Air_combat_manoeuvring" title="Air combat manoeuvring">air combat tactics</a>. Often, <a href="/wiki/Military_deception" title="Military deception">military deception</a>, in the form of <a href="/wiki/Military_camouflage" title="Military camouflage">military camouflage</a> or misdirection using <a href="/wiki/Decoy" title="Decoy">decoys</a>, is used to confuse the enemy as a tactic. </p><p>A major development in <a href="/wiki/Infantry_tactics" title="Infantry tactics">infantry tactics</a> came with the increased use of <a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">trench warfare</a> in the 19th and 20th centuries. This was mainly employed in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gallipoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Gallipoli">Gallipoli campaign</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a>. Trench warfare often turned to a stalemate, only broken by a large loss of life, because, in order to attack an enemy entrenchment, soldiers had to run through an exposed '<a href="/wiki/No_man%27s_land" title="No man's land">no man's land</a>' under heavy fire from their opposing entrenched enemy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">Military technology</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Military" title="Special:EditPage/Military">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arrow-head_Olynthus_BM_GR1912.4-19.4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Arrow-head_Olynthus_BM_GR1912.4-19.4.jpg/220px-Arrow-head_Olynthus_BM_GR1912.4-19.4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Arrow-head_Olynthus_BM_GR1912.4-19.4.jpg/330px-Arrow-head_Olynthus_BM_GR1912.4-19.4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Arrow-head_Olynthus_BM_GR1912.4-19.4.jpg/440px-Arrow-head_Olynthus_BM_GR1912.4-19.4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2650" data-file-height="775" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> <a href="/wiki/Arrowhead" title="Arrowhead">arrowhead</a> from the 4th century BCE, found in <a href="/wiki/Olynthus" title="Olynthus">Olynthus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalkidiki" title="Chalkidiki">Chalkidiki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></figcaption></figure><p> As with any occupation, since ancient times, the military has been distinguished from other members of the society by their tools: the <a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">weapons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_equipment" class="mw-redirect" title="Military equipment">military equipment</a> used in combat. When <a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a> humans first took <a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">flint</a> to tip the <a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">spear</a>, it was the first example of <a href="/wiki/Applied_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Applied research">applying technology</a> to improve the weapon. Since then, the advances made by human societies, and that of weapons, has been closely linked. Stone weapons gave way to <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> weapons such as <a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">swords</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shield" title="Shield">shields</a>. With each technological change was realized some tangible increase in military capability, such as through greater effectiveness of a sharper edge in defeating <a href="/wiki/Armour" title="Armour">armour</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Mechanics_of_materials" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanics of materials">improved density of materials</a> used in manufacture of weapons.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armor_for_Man_and_Horse,_Italy_(probably_Milan),_c._1565,_and_Field_armor_for_horseman,_Italy,_c._1575_-_Nelson-Atkins_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08601.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Armor_for_Man_and_Horse%2C_Italy_%28probably_Milan%29%2C_c._1565%2C_and_Field_armor_for_horseman%2C_Italy%2C_c._1575_-_Nelson-Atkins_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08601.JPG/220px-Armor_for_Man_and_Horse%2C_Italy_%28probably_Milan%29%2C_c._1565%2C_and_Field_armor_for_horseman%2C_Italy%2C_c._1575_-_Nelson-Atkins_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08601.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Armor_for_Man_and_Horse%2C_Italy_%28probably_Milan%29%2C_c._1565%2C_and_Field_armor_for_horseman%2C_Italy%2C_c._1575_-_Nelson-Atkins_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08601.JPG/330px-Armor_for_Man_and_Horse%2C_Italy_%28probably_Milan%29%2C_c._1565%2C_and_Field_armor_for_horseman%2C_Italy%2C_c._1575_-_Nelson-Atkins_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08601.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Armor_for_Man_and_Horse%2C_Italy_%28probably_Milan%29%2C_c._1565%2C_and_Field_armor_for_horseman%2C_Italy%2C_c._1575_-_Nelson-Atkins_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08601.JPG/440px-Armor_for_Man_and_Horse%2C_Italy_%28probably_Milan%29%2C_c._1565%2C_and_Field_armor_for_horseman%2C_Italy%2C_c._1575_-_Nelson-Atkins_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08601.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Mounted and foot <a href="/wiki/Armour" title="Armour">armoured</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">knights</a>. Armour and <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> dominated the battlefield until the invention of <a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">firearms</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On <a href="/wiki/Land_warfare" title="Land warfare">land</a>, the first significant technological advance in warfare was the development of <a href="/wiki/Ranged_weapon" title="Ranged weapon">ranged weapons</a>, notably the <a href="/wiki/Sling_(weapon)" title="Sling (weapon)">sling</a> and later the <a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">bow and arrow</a>. The next significant advance came with the <a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_horse" title="Domestication of the horse">domestication of the horses</a> and mastering of <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">equestrianism</a>, creating <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> and allowing for faster military advances and better logistics. Possibly the most significant advancement was the <a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">wheel</a>, a staple of transportation, starting with the <a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">chariot</a> and eventually <a href="/wiki/Siege_engine" title="Siege engine">siege engines</a>. The bow was manufactured in increasingly larger and more powerful versions to increase both the weapon range and armour penetration performance, developing into <a href="/wiki/Composite_bow" title="Composite bow">composite bows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Recurve_bow" title="Recurve bow">recurve bows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Longbow" title="Longbow">longbows</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Crossbow" title="Crossbow">crossbows</a>. These proved particularly useful during the rise of cavalry, as horsemen encased in ever-more sophisticated <a href="/wiki/Armour" title="Armour">armour</a> came to dominate the battlefield. </p><p> In <a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Imperial_China" title="History of China">medieval China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a> had been invented, and was increasingly used by the military in combat. The use of gunpowder in the early <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">vase-like mortars</a> in Europe, and advanced versions of the longbow and crossbow with armour-piercing <a href="/wiki/Arrowhead" title="Arrowhead">arrowheads</a>, put an end to the dominance of the armoured knight. Gunpowder resulted in the development and fielding of the <a href="/wiki/Musket" title="Musket">musket</a>, which could be used effectively with little training. In time, the successors to muskets and <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">cannons</a>, in the form of <a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">rifles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a>, would become core battlefield technology.</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BattleOfVirginiaCapes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/BattleOfVirginiaCapes.jpg/220px-BattleOfVirginiaCapes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/BattleOfVirginiaCapes.jpg/330px-BattleOfVirginiaCapes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/BattleOfVirginiaCapes.jpg/440px-BattleOfVirginiaCapes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4963" data-file-height="3115" /></a><figcaption>Naval vessels of France and Britain exchanging fire during the 1781 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Chesapeake" title="Battle of the Chesapeake">Battle of the Chesapeake</a></figcaption></figure><p>As the speed of technological advances accelerated in civilian applications, so too did military and warfare become <a href="/wiki/Industrial_warfare" title="Industrial warfare">industrialized</a>. The newly invented <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine gun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Repeating_rifle" title="Repeating rifle">repeating rifle</a> redefined <a href="/wiki/Firepower" title="Firepower">firepower</a> on the battlefield, and, in part, explains the high casualty rates of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> and the decline of melee combat in warfare. The next breakthrough was the conversion of artillery parks from the <a href="/wiki/Muzzleloader" title="Muzzleloader">muzzle-loading guns</a>, to quicker <a href="/wiki/Breechloader" title="Breechloader">breech-loading guns</a> with recoiling barrels that allowed quicker aimed fire and use of a shield. The widespread introduction of low smoke (smokeless) propellant powders since the 1880s also allowed for a great improvement of artillery ranges. The development of breech loading had the greatest effect on <a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">naval warfare</a> for the first time since the Middle Ages, altering the way weapons are mounted on <a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">warships</a>. <a href="/wiki/Naval_tactics" title="Naval tactics">Naval tactics</a> were divorced from the reliance on <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Sail" title="Age of Sail">sails</a> with the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion</a>. A further advance in military naval technology was the <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedo</a>.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USAF_F-15C_fires_AIM-7_Sparrow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/USAF_F-15C_fires_AIM-7_Sparrow.jpg/220px-USAF_F-15C_fires_AIM-7_Sparrow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/USAF_F-15C_fires_AIM-7_Sparrow.jpg/330px-USAF_F-15C_fires_AIM-7_Sparrow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/USAF_F-15C_fires_AIM-7_Sparrow.jpg/440px-USAF_F-15C_fires_AIM-7_Sparrow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1334" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/AIM-7" class="mw-redirect" title="AIM-7">AIM-7</a> Sparrow medium range <a href="/wiki/Air-to-air_missile" title="Air-to-air missile">air-to-air missile</a> from an <a href="/wiki/F-15_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="F-15 Eagle">F-15 Eagle</a></figcaption></figure><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the need to break the deadlock of trench warfare saw the rapid development of many new technologies, particularly <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tanks</a>. <a href="/wiki/Military_aviation" title="Military aviation">Military aviation</a> was extensively used, and <a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">bombers</a> became decisive in many battles of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, which marked the most frantic period of weapons development in history. Many new designs, and concepts were used in combat, and all existing technologies of warfare were improved between 1939 and 1945. </p><p>During World War II, significant advances were made in <a href="/wiki/Military_communications" title="Military communications">military communications</a> through increased use of radio, military intelligence through use of the <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Military_medicine" title="Military medicine">military medicine</a> through use of <a href="/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin">penicillin</a>, while in the air, the guided <a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">missile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jet_aircraft" title="Jet aircraft">jet aircraft</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopters</a> were seen for the first time. Perhaps the most infamous of all military technologies was the creation of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a>, although the exact effects of its <a href="/wiki/Radiation" title="Radiation">radiation</a> were unknown until the early 1950s. Far greater use of <a href="/wiki/Military_vehicle" title="Military vehicle">military vehicles</a> had finally eliminated the cavalry from the military <a href="/wiki/Force_structure" title="Force structure">force structure</a>. After World War II, with the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, the constant technological development of new weapons was institutionalized, as participants engaged in a constant <a href="/wiki/Arms_race" title="Arms race">arms race</a> in capability development. This constant state of weapons development continues into the present. <a href="/wiki/Main_battle_tank" title="Main battle tank">Main battle tanks</a>, and other heavy equipment such as <a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">armoured fighting vehicles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_aircraft" title="Military aircraft">military aircraft</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ship" title="Ship">ships</a>, are characteristic to organized military forces. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2-14_CAV_Fire_Support_Coordination_Exercise_Image_3_of_19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2-14_CAV_Fire_Support_Coordination_Exercise_Image_3_of_19.jpg/220px-2-14_CAV_Fire_Support_Coordination_Exercise_Image_3_of_19.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2-14_CAV_Fire_Support_Coordination_Exercise_Image_3_of_19.jpg/330px-2-14_CAV_Fire_Support_Coordination_Exercise_Image_3_of_19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2-14_CAV_Fire_Support_Coordination_Exercise_Image_3_of_19.jpg/440px-2-14_CAV_Fire_Support_Coordination_Exercise_Image_3_of_19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3157" data-file-height="2235" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> soldiers with modern equipment. The soldier on the right is using a <a href="/wiki/Laser_designator" title="Laser designator">laser designator</a> to observe and mark targets, while the soldier on the far left is using a <a href="/wiki/Military_communications" title="Military communications">radio</a> to coordinate <a href="/wiki/Fire_support" title="Fire support">fire support</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The most significant technological developments that influenced combat have been guided missiles, which can be used by all branches of the armed services. More recently, <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a>, and its use in <a href="/wiki/Surveillance" title="Surveillance">surveillance</a>, including space-based reconnaissance systems, have played an increasing role in military operations. The impact of <a href="/wiki/Information_warfare" title="Information warfare">information warfare</a>, which focuses on attacking command communication systems, and military databases, has been coupled with the use of robotic systems in combat, such as <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned combat aerial vehicle">unmanned combat aerial vehicles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_ground_vehicle" title="Unmanned ground vehicle">unmanned ground vehicles</a>. </p><p>Recently, there has also been a particular focus towards the use of <a href="/wiki/Renewable_fuels" title="Renewable fuels">renewable fuels</a> for running military vehicles on. Unlike fossil fuels, renewable fuels can be produced in any country, creating a strategic advantage. The U.S. military has committed itself to have 50% of its energy consumption come from alternative sources.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_part_of_society">As part of society</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Military" title="Special:EditPage/Military">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samurai_and_Ainu_Fuzoku_Ema.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Samurai_and_Ainu_Fuzoku_Ema.jpg/220px-Samurai_and_Ainu_Fuzoku_Ema.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Samurai_and_Ainu_Fuzoku_Ema.jpg/330px-Samurai_and_Ainu_Fuzoku_Ema.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Samurai_and_Ainu_Fuzoku_Ema.jpg/440px-Samurai_and_Ainu_Fuzoku_Ema.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2773" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">Samurai</a>, member of the Japanese warrior caste</figcaption></figure> <p>For much of <a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">military history</a>, the armed forces were considered to be for use by the heads of their societies, until recently, the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">crowned heads of states</a>. In a democracy or other political system run in the public interest, it is a <a href="/wiki/Public_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Public force">public force</a>. </p><p>The relationship between the military and the <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a> it serves is a complicated and ever-evolving one. Much depends on the nature of the society itself, and whether it sees the military as important, as for example in time of threat or war, or a burdensome expense typified by defence cuts in time of peace. </p><p>One difficult matter in the relation between military and society is control and transparency. In some countries, limited information on military operations and budgeting is accessible for the public. However, transparency in the military sector is crucial to fight <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a>. This showed the Government Defence Anti-corruption Index <a href="/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency International UK</a> published in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Militaries often function as <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">societies</a> within societies, by having their own military communities, <a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">economies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_education_and_training" title="Military education and training">education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_medicine" title="Military medicine">medicine</a>, and other aspects of a functioning <a href="/wiki/Civil_society" title="Civil society">civilian society</a>. A military is not limited to nations in of itself, as many <a href="/wiki/Private_military_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Private military companies">private military companies</a> (or PMCs) can be used or hired by organizations and figures as security, escort, or other means of protection where police, agencies, or militaries are absent or not trusted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ideology_and_ethics">Ideology and ethics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:02019_0695_(2)_Poland_marks_Armed_Forces_Holiday_with_military_parade_in_Katowice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/02019_0695_%282%29_Poland_marks_Armed_Forces_Holiday_with_military_parade_in_Katowice.jpg/220px-02019_0695_%282%29_Poland_marks_Armed_Forces_Holiday_with_military_parade_in_Katowice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/02019_0695_%282%29_Poland_marks_Armed_Forces_Holiday_with_military_parade_in_Katowice.jpg/330px-02019_0695_%282%29_Poland_marks_Armed_Forces_Holiday_with_military_parade_in_Katowice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/02019_0695_%282%29_Poland_marks_Armed_Forces_Holiday_with_military_parade_in_Katowice.jpg/440px-02019_0695_%282%29_Poland_marks_Armed_Forces_Holiday_with_military_parade_in_Katowice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4333" data-file-height="2762" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Polish Armed Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/M1_Abrams" title="M1 Abrams">M1 Abrams</a> taking part in an <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Day" title="Armed Forces Day">Armed Forces Day</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_parade" title="Military parade">military parade</a> in <a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice">Katowice</a>, 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>Militarist ideology is the <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Social_attitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Social attitude">social attitude</a> of being best served, or being a beneficiary of a <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a>, or guided by concepts embodied in the military <i>culture, doctrine, system</i>, or <i>leaders</i>. </p><p>Either because of the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_memory" title="Cultural memory">cultural memory</a>, national history, or the potentiality of a <a href="/wiki/Military_threat" title="Military threat">military threat</a>, the militarist argument asserts that a <a href="/wiki/Civilian" title="Civilian">civilian</a> population is dependent upon, and thereby subservient to the needs and goals of its military for continued <a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">independence</a>. <a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a> is sometimes contrasted with the concepts of <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_national_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Comprehensive national power">comprehensive national power</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soft_power" title="Soft power">soft power</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hard_power" title="Hard power">hard power</a>. </p><p>Most nations have separate <a href="/wiki/Military_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Military law">military laws</a> which regulate conduct in war and during peacetime. An early exponent was <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Hugo Grotius</a>, whose <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure_belli_ac_pacis" title="De jure belli ac pacis">On the Law of War and Peace</a></i> (1625) had a major impact of the humanitarian approach to warfare development. His theme was echoed by <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus" title="Gustavus Adolphus">Gustavus Adolphus</a>. </p><p>Ethics of warfare have developed since 1945, to create constraints on the military treatment of prisoners and civilians, primarily by the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a>; but rarely apply to use of the military forces as internal security troops during times of political conflict that results in popular protests and incitement to <a href="/wiki/Popular_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular uprising">popular uprising</a>. </p><p>International protocols restrict the use, or have even created international bans on some types of weapons, notably <a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons of mass destruction">weapons of mass destruction</a> (WMD). <a href="/wiki/International_convention" class="mw-redirect" title="International convention">International conventions</a> define what constitutes a <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crime</a>, and provides for war crimes prosecution. Individual countries also have elaborate codes of <a href="/wiki/Military_justice" title="Military justice">military justice</a>, an example being the United States' <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice" title="Uniform Code of Military Justice">Uniform Code of Military Justice</a> that can lead to <a href="/wiki/Court_martial" class="mw-redirect" title="Court martial">court martial</a> for military personnel found guilty of war crimes. </p><p>Military actions are sometimes argued to be justified by furthering a humanitarian cause, such as <a href="/wiki/Disaster_relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Disaster relief">disaster relief</a> operations to defend refugees; such actions are called <a href="/wiki/Military_humanism" title="Military humanism">military humanism</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">Arms industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_defense" title="Civil defense">Civil defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilian_control_of_the_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilian control of the military">Civilian control of the military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">Command and control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">Court-martial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts" title="Martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercenary" title="Mercenary">Mercenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militaria" title="Militaria">Militaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_academy" title="Military academy">Military academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_advisor" title="Military advisor">Military advisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_aid" title="Military aid">Military aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_aid_to_the_civil_community" title="Military aid to the civil community">Military aid to the civil community</a> (MACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_aid_to_the_civil_power" title="Military aid to the civil power">Military aid to the civil power</a> (MACP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_alliance" title="Military alliance">Military alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship" title="Military dictatorship">Military dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_district" title="Military district">Military district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_engineering" title="Military engineering">Military engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">Military exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_fiat" title="Military fiat">Military fiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_incompetence" title="Military incompetence">Military incompetence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">Military–industrial complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_junta" title="Military junta">Military junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_meteorology" title="Military meteorology">Military meteorology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_operations_other_than_war" title="Military operations other than war">Military operations other than war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_police" title="Military police">Military police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_prison" title="Military prison">Military prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Revolution" title="Military Revolution">Military Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_sociology" title="Military sociology">Military sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_terminology" title="Military terminology">Military terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarization_of_police" title="Militarization of police">Militarization of police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_defence" title="Ministry of defence">Ministry of defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobilization" title="Mobilization">Mobilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_military_company" title="Private military company">Private military company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">Staff (military)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_army" title="Standing army">Standing army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">Weapon</a></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Armed forces of the world</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_military_and_paramilitary_personnel" title="List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel">List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_level_of_military_equipment" title="List of countries by level of military equipment">List of countries by level of military equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Global_Militarization_Index" title="List of countries by Global Militarization Index">List of countries by Global Militarization Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_without_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries without armed forces">List of countries without armed forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by military expenditures">List of countries by military expenditures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_past_military_expenditure" title="List of countries by past military expenditure">List of countries by past military expenditure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditure_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by military expenditure per capita">List of countries by military expenditure per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_militaries_by_country" title="List of militaries by country">List of militaries by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_forces" title="List of air forces">List of air forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_armies" title="Lists of armies">Lists of armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_navies" title="List of navies">List of navies</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJordanKirasLonsdaleSpeller2016" class="citation book cs1">Jordan, David; Kiras, James D.; Lonsdale, David J.; Speller, Ian; Tuck, Christopher; Walton, C. Dale (2016). <i>Understanding Modern Warfare</i> (Second ed.). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1107134195" title="Special:BookSources/978-1107134195"><bdi>978-1107134195</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Modern+Warfare&rft.pages=66&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1107134195&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Kiras%2C+James+D.&rft.au=Lonsdale%2C+David+J.&rft.au=Speller%2C+Ian&rft.au=Tuck%2C+Christopher&rft.au=Walton%2C+C.+Dale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark2009" class="citation web cs1">Mark, Joshua J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=army.defencejobs.gov.au&rft.atitle=Army+%E2%80%93+Artillery+%E2%80%93+Air+Defender&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmy.defencejobs.gov.au%2Fjobs%2Fartillery-air-defender%3Fci%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gee-2016-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gee-2016_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeeTaylor2016" class="citation journal cs1">Gee, David; Taylor, Rachel (1 November 2016). "Is it Counterproductive to Enlist Minors into the Army?". <i>The RUSI Journal</i>. <b>161</b> (6): 36–48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03071847.2016.1265837">10.1080/03071847.2016.1265837</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1847">0307-1847</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:157986637">157986637</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+RUSI+Journal&rft.atitle=Is+it+Counterproductive+to+Enlist+Minors+into+the+Army%3F&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=36-48&rft.date=2016-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A157986637%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0307-1847&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03071847.2016.1265837&rft.aulast=Gee&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Rachel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Findlaw-2017-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Findlaw-2017_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Findlaw-2017_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://military.findlaw.com/administrative-issues-benefits/what-is-a-military-enlistment-contract.html">"What is a Military Enlistment Contract?"</a>. <i>Findlaw</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Findlaw&rft.atitle=What+is+a+Military+Enlistment+Contract%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmilitary.findlaw.com%2Fadministrative-issues-benefits%2Fwhat-is-a-military-enlistment-contract.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UK_legislation-2007-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UK_legislation-2007_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UK_legislation-2007_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2007/3382/contents/made">"The Army Terms of Service Regulations 2007"</a>. <i>www.legislation.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+Army+Terms+of+Service+Regulations+2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F2007%2F3382%2Fcontents%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UK_Ministry_Defence-2017-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UK_Ministry_Defence-2017_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UK_Ministry_Defence-2017_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UK_Ministry_Defence-2017_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUK,_Ministry_of_Defence2017" class="citation web cs1">UK, Ministry of Defence (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/440632/20150529-QR_Army_Amdt_31_Jul_2013.pdf">"Queen's Regulations for the Army (1975, as amended)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221010/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/440632/20150529-QR_Army_Amdt_31_Jul_2013.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Queen%27s+Regulations+for+the+Army+%281975%2C+as+amended%29&rft.date=2017&rft.au=UK%2C+Ministry+of+Defence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F440632%2F20150529-QR_Army_Amdt_31_Jul_2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McGurk-2006-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McGurk-2006_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGurkCottingBrittAdler2006" class="citation book cs1">McGurk, Dennis; et al. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mwuEuGG1-1UC&pg=PA13">"Joining the ranks: The role of indoctrination in transforming civilians to service members"</a>. <i>Military life: The psychology of serving in peace and combat</i>. Vol. 2. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Security International. pp. 13–31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98302-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98302-4"><bdi>978-0-275-98302-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Joining+the+ranks%3A+The+role+of+indoctrination+in+transforming+civilians+to+service+members&rft.btitle=Military+life%3A+The+psychology+of+serving+in+peace+and+combat&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pages=13-31&rft.pub=Praeger+Security+International&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-275-98302-4&rft.aulast=McGurk&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.au=Cotting%2C+Dave+I.&rft.au=Britt%2C+Thomas+W.&rft.au=Adler%2C+Amy+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmwuEuGG1-1UC%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hockey-1986-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hockey-1986_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hockey-1986_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hockey-1986_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hockey-1986_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHockey1986" class="citation book cs1">Hockey, John (1986). <i>Squaddies : portrait of a subculture</i>. Exeter, Devon: University of Exeter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85989-248-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85989-248-3"><bdi>978-0-85989-248-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/25283124">25283124</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Squaddies+%3A+portrait+of+a+subculture&rft.place=Exeter%2C+Devon&rft.pub=University+of+Exeter&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F25283124&rft.isbn=978-0-85989-248-3&rft.aulast=Hockey&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bourne-1967-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bourne-1967_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bourne-1967_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourne1967" class="citation journal cs1">Bourne, Peter G. (1 May 1967). "Some Observations on the Psychosocial Phenomena Seen in Basic Training". <i>Psychiatry</i>. <b>30</b> (2): 187–196. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00332747.1967.11023507">10.1080/00332747.1967.11023507</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0033-2747">0033-2747</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27791700">27791700</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Some+Observations+on+the+Psychosocial+Phenomena+Seen+in+Basic+Training&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=187-196&rft.date=1967-05-01&rft.issn=0033-2747&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27791700&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00332747.1967.11023507&rft.aulast=Bourne&rft.aufirst=Peter+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grossman-2009-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grossman-2009_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossman2009" class="citation book cs1">Grossman, Dave (2009). <i>On killing : the psychological cost of learning to kill in war and society</i> (Rev. ed.). 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(16 September 2016). "The Impact of Basic Combat Training: The Role of the Drill Sergeant in the All-Volunteer Army". <i>Armed Forces & Society</i>. <b>2</b> (1): 115–127. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0095327x7500200108">10.1177/0095327x7500200108</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145213941">145213941</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Armed+Forces+%26+Society&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+Basic+Combat+Training%3A+The+Role+of+the+Drill+Sergeant+in+the+All-Volunteer+Army&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=115-127&rft.date=2016-09-16&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0095327x7500200108&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145213941%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Faris&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120123164032/http://www.ni-u.edu/pdf/NIU_Catalog_2011.pdf">"University Catalog 2011/2012, Master Courses: pp.99, size: 17MB"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. US National Intelligence University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ni-u.edu/pdf/NIU_Catalog_2011.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+Catalog+2011%2F2012%2C+Master+Courses%3A+pp.99%2C+size%3A+17MB&rft.pub=US+National+Intelligence+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ni-u.edu%2Fpdf%2FNIU_Catalog_2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/220318/opinion-of-americans-on-the-us-being-the-no1-military-power-in-the-world/">Statistics on Americans' opinion about the U.S. being the world's no1 military power</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010065827/https://www.statista.com/statistics/220318/opinion-of-americans-on-the-us-being-the-no1-military-power-in-the-world/">Archived</a> 10 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Gallup, March 2012. Retrieved May 3, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sipri.org/sites/default/files/2021-04/fs_2104_milex_0.pdf">"Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (2021)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.sipri.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221010/https://sipri.org/sites/default/files/2021-04/fs_2104_milex_0.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sipri.org&rft.atitle=Stockholm+International+Peace+Research+Institute+%282021%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsipri.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2021-04%2Ffs_2104_milex_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>2017</b> data from: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS">"Military expenditure (% of GDP). Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Yearbook: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Bank&rft.atitle=Military+expenditure+%28%25+of+GDP%29.+Stockholm+International+Peace+Research+Institute+%28SIPRI%29%2C+Yearbook%3A+Armaments%2C+Disarmament+and+International+Security.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FMS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p.67,_Dupuy-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p.67,_Dupuy_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p.67,_Dupuy_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p.67,_Dupuy_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p.67,_Dupuy_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dupuy, T.N. (1990) <i>Understanding war: History and Theory of combat</i>, Leo Cooper, London, p. 67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.defence-ua.com/news/ukraine_deploys_anti_drone_jamming_guns_to_its_forces_on_the_donbas_frontline-1986.html">"Ukraine Deploys Anti-Drone Jamming Guns to its Forces on the Donbas Frontline"</a>. <i>Defense Express</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defense+Express&rft.atitle=Ukraine+Deploys+Anti-Drone+Jamming+Guns+to+its+Forces+on+the+Donbas+Frontline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.defence-ua.com%2Fnews%2Fukraine_deploys_anti_drone_jamming_guns_to_its_forces_on_the_donbas_frontline-1986.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mypivots.com/articles/booktext.aspx?bookname=The%20Art%20of%20War">"The Art of War"</a>. <i>Mypivots.com</i>. 11 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mypivots.com&rft.atitle=The+Art+of+War&rft.date=2011-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mypivots.com%2Farticles%2Fbooktext.aspx%3Fbookname%3DThe%2520Art%2520of%2520War&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120518101505/http://www.westpoint.edu/history/SitePages/Home.aspx">"Welcome to the Department of History"</a>. <i>westpoint.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westpoint.edu/history/SitePages/Home.aspx">the original</a> on 18 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=westpoint.edu&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+the+Department+of+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westpoint.edu%2Fhistory%2FSitePages%2FHome.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacHenry1993" class="citation journal cs1">MacHenry, Robert (1993). "The New Encyclopædia Britannica". <i>Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc</i>: 305. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991neb..book.....G">1991neb..book.....G</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago%3A+Encyclopaedia+Britannica+Inc&rft.atitle=The+New+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=305&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1991neb..book.....G&rft.aulast=MacHenry&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.Gutenberg.org/files/1946/1946-h/1946-h.htm#2H_4_0023"><i><span></span></i>On War<i> by General Carl von Clausewitz</i></a>. 26 February 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2007</span> – via Gutenberg.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+War+by+General+Carl+von+Clausewitz&rft.date=2006-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.Gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F1946%2F1946-h%2F1946-h.htm%232H_4_0023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig_Hooper" class="citation web cs1">Craig Hooper. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://NextNavy.com/air-force-cedes-the-green-lead-and-the-lede-to-navy/">"Ray Mabus greening the military"</a>. <i>NextNavy.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NextNavy.com&rft.atitle=Ray+Mabus+greening+the+military&rft.au=Craig+Hooper&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2FNextNavy.com%2Fair-force-cedes-the-green-lead-and-the-lede-to-navy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPyman,_Mark2013" class="citation web cs1">Pyman, Mark (5 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.DandC.eu/en/article/transparency-international-assesses-82-governments-defence-related-corruption-risks-first">"Transparency is feasible"</a>. <i>www.DandC.eu</i>. <a href="/wiki/D%2BC_Development_and_Cooperation" title="D+C Development and Cooperation">D+C Development and Cooperation</a>, Engagement GlobalGmbH<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.DandC.eu&rft.atitle=Transparency+is+feasible&rft.date=2013-03-05&rft.au=Pyman%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.DandC.eu%2Fen%2Farticle%2Ftransparency-international-assesses-82-governments-defence-related-corruption-risks-first&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 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title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/military" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/military">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Military" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Military">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 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title="q:Military">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/military" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/military">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/military" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/military">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_and_war" title="Template:Military and war"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_and_war" title="Template talk:Military and war"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_and_war" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military and war"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Military_and_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Military</a> and <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">war</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_service" title="Military service">Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_military_technology" title="History of military technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_specialism" title="Military specialism">Occupational roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_recruitment" title="Military recruitment">Recruitment</a></li> <li><i>Roles:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldier" title="Soldier">Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailor" title="Sailor">Sailor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airman" title="Airman">Airman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlisted_rank" title="Enlisted rank">Enlisted rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanding_officer" title="Commanding officer">Commanding officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_officer" title="Executive officer">Executive officer</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Protocols and structure:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Ranks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comparative_military_ranks" title="List of comparative military ranks">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">Uniforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_awards_and_decorations" title="Military awards and decorations">Awards and decorations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_decorations" title="List of military decorations">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_military_decorations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest military decorations">Highest</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Categories:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_ranks" title="Category:Military ranks">Ranks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">Command and control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_defence" title="Ministry of defence">Defense ministry</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Armed Forces</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">Air force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marines" title="Marines">Marines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_force" title="Space force">Space force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">Special forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_forces" title="Airborne forces">Airborne forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogman" title="Frogman">Frogman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">Reserves</a></li> <li><i>Functional specialties:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_communications" title="Military communications">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_engineer" title="Combat engineer">Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">Reconnaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reconnaissance_units" title="List of reconnaissance units">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_corps" title="Medical corps">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_police" title="Military police">Military police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">Gendarmerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_forces" title="Security forces">Security forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_guard" title="Border guard">Border guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_guard" title="Coast guard">Coast guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_logistics" title="Military logistics">Logistics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_logistics_units_and_formations" title="Category:Military logistics units and formations">By country</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Categories:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Combat_occupations" title="Category:Combat occupations">Combat occupations</a></li> <li><i>Development:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_recruit_training" title="Military recruit training">Basic training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">Military maneuvers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat" title="Combat">Combat training</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">Branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Land units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_arms" title="Combat arms">Combat arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">Armor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_reconnaissance" title="Special reconnaissance">Special reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_corps" title="Signal corps">Signal corps</a></li> <li><i>Naval units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">Warships</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surface_combatant" title="Surface combatant">Surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_combat_ship" title="Littoral combat ship">Littoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrol_boat" title="Patrol boat">Patrol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carriers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_craft" title="Landing craft">Landing craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_ship" title="Auxiliary ship">Auxiliary ship</a></li> <li><i>Air units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">Bombers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">Close air support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic-warfare_aircraft" title="Electronic-warfare aircraft">Electronic-warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">Reconnaissance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_organization" title="Military organization">Organization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Structure_of_contemporary_armed_forces" title="Category:Structure of contemporary armed forces">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Structure_of_contemporary_armies" title="Category:Structure of contemporary armies">Armies by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_hierarchy" title="Command hierarchy">Chain of command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_combatant_command" title="Unified combatant command">Unified combatant command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">General staff</a></li> <li><i>Land:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_group" title="Army group">Army group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_army" title="Field army">Field army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps" title="Corps">Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_corps" title="List of military corps">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">Division</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_divisions" title="List of military divisions">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">Brigade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brigades_by_type" title="Category:Brigades by type">By type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regiment" title="Regiment">Regiment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regiments_by_country" title="Category:Regiments by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regiments_by_type" title="Category:Regiments by type">By type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">Battalion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battalions_by_country" title="Category:Battalions by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battalions_by_type" title="Category:Battalions by type">By type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platoon" title="Platoon">Platoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squad" title="Squad">Squad</a></li> <li><i>Naval:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_fleet" title="Naval fleet">Naval fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_force#Naval" title="Task force">Task force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_strike_group" title="Carrier strike group">Carrier strike group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_(naval)" title="Division (naval)">Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flotilla" title="Flotilla">Flotilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squadron_(naval)" title="Squadron (naval)">Squadron</a></li> <li><i>Air:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_box" title="Combat box">Combat box</a></li> <li><i>Special units by nation:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Fleet" title="Battle Fleet">Battle Fleet; U.S. Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_(military_formation)" title="Front (military formation)">Front; Russian land forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Ground:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_vehicle" title="Military vehicle">Ground</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_vehicles" title="List of military vehicles">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_vehicle" title="Combat vehicle">Combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tracked_military_vehicles" title="Category:Tracked military vehicles">Tracked vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wheeled_military_vehicles" title="Category:Wheeled military vehicles">Wheeled vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">Armor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry_fighting_vehicle" title="Infantry fighting vehicle">Infantry fighting vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_armoured_fighting_vehicles" title="Lists of armoured fighting vehicles">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_armoured_fighting_vehicles_by_country" title="List of armoured fighting vehicles by country">By country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armored_car_(military)" title="Armored car (military)">Armored car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_car" title="Scout car">Scout car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_vehicle#Military_trucks" title="Military vehicle">Truck</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_trucks" title="Category:Military trucks">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_truck" title="Gun truck">Gun truck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_artillery" title="Self-propelled artillery">Self-propelled artillery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_howitzers#Self-propelled_howitzers" title="List of howitzers">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_anti-aircraft_weapon" title="Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon">Anti-aircraft</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_railways" title="Military railways">Rail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Land</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">Weapons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_weapons" title="Lists of weapons">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Artillery:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_artillery" title="Field artillery">Artillery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artillery" title="List of artillery">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artillery_by_country" title="List of artillery by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery_battery" title="Artillery battery">Battery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_gun" title="Field gun">Field gun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_field_guns" title="List of field guns">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howitzer" title="Howitzer">Howitzer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_howitzers" title="List of howitzers">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_artillery" title="Rocket artillery">Rocket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rocket_artillery" title="List of rocket artillery">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Small_Arms_and_Light_Weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Arms and Light Weapons">Infantry guns</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_pistol" title="Service pistol">Pistols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine guns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_machine_guns" title="List of machine guns">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Service_rifle" title="Service rifle">Service rifles</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_rifle" title="Battle rifle">Battle rifles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battle_rifles" title="List of battle rifles">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">Assault rifle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assault_rifles" title="List of assault rifles">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sniper_rifle" title="Sniper rifle">Sniper rifle</a></li> <li><i>Other infantry weapons:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazooka" title="Bazooka">Bazooka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_gun" title="Anti-tank gun">Anti-tank gun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-tank_guns" title="List of anti-tank guns">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenade" title="Grenade">Grenade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grenades" title="Category:Grenades">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamethrower" title="Flamethrower">Flamethrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">Bayonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_knife" title="Combat knife">Combat knife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_knives" title="Category:Military knives">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">Missiles</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder-fired_missile" title="Shoulder-fired missile">Shoulder-fired</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_guided_missile" title="Anti-tank guided missile">Anti-tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missiles" title="List of missiles">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missiles_by_country" title="List of missiles by country">By country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">Mortar</a> <ul><li><i>Lists:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_infantry_mortars" title="List of infantry mortars">Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heavy_mortars" title="List of heavy mortars">Heavy</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Other:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_mine" title="Land mine">Land mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_(projectile)" title="Shell (projectile)">Shells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Sea/Air:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">Guided missiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missiles" title="List of missiles">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">Naval</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_artillery" title="Naval artillery">Naval artillery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_naval_guns" title="List of naval guns">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-ship_missile" title="Anti-ship missile">Anti-ship missiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">Torpedoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depth_charge" title="Depth charge">Depth charges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close-in_weapon_system" title="Close-in weapon system">Close-in weapons</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">Aerial</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aircraft_guns" title="Category:Aircraft guns">Guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Air-launched_missiles" title="Category:Air-launched missiles">Missiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_bomb" title="Aerial bomb">Bombs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">Military equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_military_equipment" title="Lists of military equipment">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_equipment_by_country" title="Category:Military equipment by country">By country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_helmet" title="Combat helmet">Helmet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_combat_helmets" title="List of combat helmets">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_camouflage" title="Military camouflage">Camouflage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_clothing_camouflage_patterns" title="List of military clothing camouflage patterns">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_armor" title="Body armor">Body armor</a></li> <li><i>Facilities:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_base" title="Military base">Military base</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_military_installations" title="Lists of military installations">Lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hospital" title="Field hospital">Field hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combat systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire-control_system" title="Fire-control system">Fire-control system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-control_radar" title="Fire-control radar">Fire-control radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_(military)" title="Director (military)">Director (military)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_information_center" title="Combat information center">Combat information center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">Sonar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a></li> <li><i>Historical:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_gun_fire-control_system" title="Ship gun fire-control system">Ship gun fire-control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_data_computer" title="Gun data computer">Gun data computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_Data_Computer" title="Torpedo Data Computer">Torpedo Data Computer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">Warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle" title="Battle">Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy" title="Strategy">Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">Tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat" title="Combat">Combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science" title="Military science">Military science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">International law</a></li> <li><i>By era:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_warfare" title="Ancient warfare">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_warfare" title="Medieval warfare">Post-classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">Early modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_warfare" title="Modern warfare">Late modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_warfare" title="Industrial warfare">industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth-generation_warfare" title="Fourth-generation warfare">fourth-gen</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>By type:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_warfare" title="Armoured warfare">Armoured warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrage_(artillery)" title="Barrage (artillery)">Barrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_camouflage" title="Military camouflage">Camouflage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">Combined arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_warfare" title="Conventional warfare">Conventional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberweapon" title="Cyberweapon">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_denial_weapon" title="Area denial weapon">Denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">Disinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_warfare" title="Drone warfare">Drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_warfare" title="Electronic warfare">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawfare" title="Lawfare">Lawfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loitering_munition" title="Loitering munition">Loitering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_music" title="Martial music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_warfare" title="Psychological warfare">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiological_warfare" title="Radiological warfare">Radiological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconventional_warfare" title="Unconventional warfare">Unconventional</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Battlespace" title="Battlespace">Battlespace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Aerospace <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_forces" title="Airborne forces">Airborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_warfare" title="Space warfare">Space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_warfare" title="Land warfare">Land</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold-weather_warfare" title="Cold-weather warfare">Cold-region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_warfare" title="Desert warfare">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_warfare" title="Jungle warfare">Jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_warfare" title="Mountain warfare">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">Amphibious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-water_navy" title="Blue-water navy">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown-water_navy" title="Brown-water navy">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green-water_navy" title="Green-water navy">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_warfare" title="Surface warfare">Surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_warfare" title="Underwater warfare">Underwater</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_warfare" title="Subterranean warfare">Subterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_warfare" title="Tunnel warfare">Tunnel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_warfare" title="Information warfare">Information</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">Tactics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_tactics" title="List of military tactics">List of military tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_combat_manoeuvring" title="Air combat manoeuvring">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airlift" title="Airlift">Airlift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airbridge_(logistics)" title="Airbridge (logistics)">Airbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airdrop" title="Airdrop">Airdrop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle" title="Battle">Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_tactics" title="Cavalry tactics">Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_(warfare)" title="Charge (warfare)">Charge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterattack" title="Counterattack">Counterattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterinsurgency" title="Counterinsurgency">Counterinsurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defeat_in_detail" title="Defeat in detail">Defeat in detail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_fighting_position" title="Defensive fighting position">Foxhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envelopment" title="Envelopment">Envelopment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">Guerrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morale" title="Morale">Morale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_and_awe" title="Shock and awe">Rapid dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">Siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarming_(military)" title="Swarming (military)">Swarming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_objective" title="Tactical objective">Tactical objective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturation_attack" title="Saturation attack">Target saturation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_(military)" title="Withdrawal (military)">Withdrawal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operational_level_of_war" title="Operational level of war">Operational</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_operation" title="Military operation">Military operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_research" title="Operations research">Operations research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_warfare" title="Expeditionary warfare">Expeditionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_operation" title="Deep operation">Deep operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maneuver_warfare" title="Maneuver warfare">Maneuver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operational_manoeuvre_group" title="Operational manoeuvre group">Operational manoeuvre group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_strategy" title="Military strategy">Strategy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_strategies_and_concepts" title="List of military strategies and concepts">List of military strategies and concepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_campaign" title="Military campaign">Military campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attrition_warfare" title="Attrition warfare">Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-offensive">Counter-offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culminating_point" title="Culminating point">Culminating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_in_depth" title="Defence in depth">Defence in depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_strategy" title="Fabian strategy">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_Warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic Warfare">Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_deception" title="Military deception">Deception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_defence" title="Strategic defence">Defensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_depth" title="Strategic depth">Depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_goal_(military)" title="Strategic goal (military)">Goal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_strategy" title="Naval strategy">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_(military)" title="Offensive (military)">Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorched_earth" title="Scorched earth">Scorched earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Policy" title="Policy">Policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance" title="Alliance">Alliances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">Peace treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation" title="Cooperation">Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediation" title="Mediation">Mediation</a></li> <li><i>Public policy:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_budget" title="Military budget">Defense budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_policy" title="Military policy">Defense policy</a></li> <li><i>Related:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">Nation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_lists" title="Category:Military lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Military lists</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_war#Wars" title="Outline of war">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_weapons" title="Lists of weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_tactics" title="List of military tactics">Military tactics</a></li> <li><i>History lists:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_wars" title="Lists of wars">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_battles" title="Lists of battles">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_occupations" title="List of military occupations">Military occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations" title="List of military operations">Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sieges" title="List of sieges">Sieges</a></li> <li><i>Related lists:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_war_crimes" title="List of war crimes">War crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_writers" title="List of military writers">Writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other namespace</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Templates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:War" title="Template:War">War</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Weapons" title="Template:Weapons">Weapons</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Military_ranks_by_country" title="Template:Military ranks by country">Ranks</a>}}</span></li> <li><i>Vehicles and weapons</i> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Tanks" title="Template:Tanks">Tanks</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Weapons" title="Template:Weapons">Weapons</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_IFV_and_APC" title="Template:Modern IFV and APC">Infantry fighting vehicles</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Warship_types_of_the_19th_%26_20th_centuries" title="Template:Warship types of the 19th & 20th centuries">Modern warships</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Military_aircraft_types_(roles)" title="Template:Military aircraft types (roles)">Aircraft</a>}}</span></li></ul></li> <li><i>Specific modern wars</i> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Napoleonic_Wars" title="Template:Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_I" title="Template:World War I">World War I</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II" title="Template:World War II">World War II</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cold_War" title="Template:Cold War">Cold War</a>}}</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_wars_by_country_involved" title="Category:Lists of wars by country involved">Lists of wars by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_by_time" title="Category:Conflicts by time">Conflicts by time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace" title="Peace">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_conflict_studies" title="Peace and conflict studies">Peace and conflict studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_movement" title="Peace movement">Peace movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_process" title="Peace process">Peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disarmament" title="Disarmament">Disarmament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_studies" title="Global studies">Global studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_in_international_relations" title="Idealism in international relations">Idealism in international relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarianism" title="Humanitarianism">Humanitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">International cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">Crimes against humanity</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:International_relations" title="Template:International relations">International relations</a>}}</span></li> <li><i>Categories:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peace_organizations" title="Category:Peace organizations">Peace organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" 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