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But how effective are VPNs, and what's the best VPN for you? What are the downsides to using a VPN? Our executive guide will answer all your VPN-related questions -- including a few you probably haven't thought to ask.Must read: How does NordVPN work? Plus how to set it up and  use itHow does ExpressVPN work? Plus how to set it up and use itHow does Surfshark work? How to set up and use the VPN See also:Best VPN services: Safe and fast don't come for freeHow to install and set up a VPN on iOS, Mac, Windows, and AndroidThe fastest VPNs: NordVPN, Hotspot Shield, and ExpressVPN comparedThe best VPN services: Safe and fast don't come freeThe best free VPNs: Why they don't existHow to use a VPN to protect your internet privacyWhy free VPNs are not a risk worth takingHotspot Shield review: Here's a VPN that actually lives up to its hypeNordVPN review: Revamping security practices, but still usefulReader question answered: If I have https, do I need a VPN?You can follow my day-to-day project updates on social media. Be sure to follow me on Twitter at @DavidGewirtz, on Facebook at Facebook.com/DavidGewirtz, on Instagram at Instagram.com/DavidGewirtz, and on YouTube at YouTube.com/DavidGewirtzTV. ","articleSection":["VPN","Security","Innovation"],"author":{"@type":"Person","name":"David Gewirtz","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/meet-the-team/david-gewirtz/","sameAs":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://twitter.com/DavidGewirtz"},"creator":{"@type":"Person","name":"David Gewirtz","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/meet-the-team/david-gewirtz/","sameAs":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://twitter.com/DavidGewirtz"},"description":"Whether you're in a corporate or home office or on the road, a VPN remains one of the best ways to protect your privacy and security on the internet.","dateModified":"2021-07-30T12:30:00.000Z","datePublished":"2021-07-30T12:30:00.000Z","headline":"What is a VPN and why do you need one? Everything you need to know","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/a/img/resize/71d35e3ff35e0598a08a267ad880819a322593fa/2018/02/08/fe5f85d2-c238-4826-b305-efcb88798239/vpn-internet-tunnel.jpg?auto=webp&fit=crop&height=900&width=1200","width":"1200","height":"900"},{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/a/img/resize/4d20fd5975bb04073a16e5518ce920ea05c528d6/2018/02/08/fe5f85d2-c238-4826-b305-efcb88798239/vpn-internet-tunnel.jpg?auto=webp&fit=crop&height=675&width=1200","width":"1200","height":"675"},{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/a/img/resize/b7e5ee0808178ab35a9e1a5e989a0a2176d3ef87/2018/02/08/fe5f85d2-c238-4826-b305-efcb88798239/vpn-internet-tunnel.jpg?auto=webp&fit=crop&height=1200&width=1200","width":"1200","height":"1200"}],"mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work/","@type":"WebPage","description":"Whether you're in a corporate or home office or on the road, a VPN remains one of the best ways to protect your privacy and security on the internet.","thumbnailUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/a/img/resize/4d20fd5975bb04073a16e5518ce920ea05c528d6/2018/02/08/fe5f85d2-c238-4826-b305-efcb88798239/vpn-internet-tunnel.jpg?auto=webp&fit=crop&height=675&width=1200"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"ZDNET","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","height":"310","width":"310","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/a/neutron/images/logos/zdnet.png"}},"thumbnailUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/a/img/resize/4d20fd5975bb04073a16e5518ce920ea05c528d6/2018/02/08/fe5f85d2-c238-4826-b305-efcb88798239/vpn-internet-tunnel.jpg?auto=webp&fit=crop&height=675&width=1200","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work/","video":null},{"@context":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://schema.org","@type":"FAQPage","mainEntity":[{"@type":"Question","name":"What is a VPN?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"VPN is an acronym for Virtual Private Network. The purpose of a VPN is to provide you with security and privacy as you communicate over the internet.Here's the problem with the internet: It's inherently insecure. When the internet was first designed, the priority was to be able to send packets (chunks of data) as reliably as possible. Networking across the country and the world was relatively new, and nodes often went down. Most of the internet's core protocols (communication methods) were designed to route around failure rather than secure data.The applications you're accustomed to using, whether email, web, messaging, Facebook, etc., are all built on top of that Internet Protocol (IP) core. While some standards have developed, not all internet apps are secure. Many still send their information without any security or privacy protection whatsoever.This leaves any internet user vulnerable to criminals who might steal your banking or credit card information, governments who might want to eavesdrop on their citizens, and other internet users who might want to spy on you for a whole range of nefarious reasons.A VPN creates a private tunnel over the open internet. The idea is that everything you send is encapsulated in this private communications channel and encrypted so -- even if your packets are intercepted -- they can't be deciphered. VPNs are powerful and important tools to protect yourself and your data, but they have limitations."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How does VPN work?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Let's start with the basic idea of internet communication. Suppose you're at your desk and you want to access a website like ZDNet. To do this, your computer initiates a request by sending some packets. If you're in an office, those packets often travel through switches and routers on your LAN before they are transferred to the public internet through a router.Once on the public internet, those packets travel through a bunch of computers. A separate request is made to a series of name servers to translate the DNS name ZDNet.com to an IP address. That information is sent back to your browser, which then sends the request again through many computers on the public internet. Eventually, it reaches the ZDNet infrastructure, which also routes those packets, grabs a web page (which is a bunch of separate elements), and sends all that back to you.Each internet request usually results in a whole series of communication events between multiple points. The way a VPN works is by encrypting those packets at the originating point, often hiding the data and the information about your originating IP address. The VPN software on your end then sends those packets to the VPN server at some destination point, decrypting that information.One of the most important issues in understanding the limits of VPNs is understanding where the endpoint of the VPN server resides. We'll talk about that next."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What are the two main types of VPNs?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Most of us are familiar with the concept of a LAN, a local area network. That's the private network inside one physical location -- be it a home, a corporate building, or a campus. But many businesses don't run out of one location. They have branch offices, departments, and divisions that are geographically dispersed.In many cases, each of these offices also has LANs. But how do the LANs connect? For some very specialized solutions, companies lease private lines to connect the offices. That can be very expensive. Instead, most companies opt to connect separated private LANs over the public internet geographically. To protect their data, they set up VPNs between offices, encrypting the data as it traverses the public internet.This is a corporate or enterprise VPN, and it's characterized by the same organization controlling both endpoints of the VPN. If your company controls the originating point (say a sales office) and the endpoint (like a VPN server at your corporate HQ), you can be quite well assured (unless there's a bug) that your data is securely transmitted.The second type of VPN is a consumer VPN. This is for those of you who compute in hotels or at coffee shops and connect to web applications like social networks, email, banks, or shopping sites. Consumer VPN services help ensure that those communications are protected."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What does a consumer VPN service do?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A consumer VPN service is, fundamentally, a software-as-a-service (SaaS) offering. The VPN service provides a secure tunnel between your computing device (whether laptop, phone, or tablet) and the provider's data center.This is important to understand. Consumer VPN services protect your transmission from your location to their location, not from your location to the destination application you're using. If you think about it, this makes sense: A consumer VPN service is operated by a completely different company than, for example, Facebook or your bank.The VPN service gives you an app that you run on your local device, which encrypts your data, and it travels in its encrypted form through a tunnel to the VPN service provider's infrastructure. At that point, the data is decrypted and sent on its way.Two things happen here: First, if you're using an https connection, your data is encrypted by your browser and then by your VPN app. Your data is decrypted only once at the VPN data centre, leaving the original encryption provided by the browser intact. That encrypted data then goes on to the destination application, like your bank.The second thing that happens is that the web application you're talking to does not get to see your IP address. Instead, it sees an IP address owned by the VPN service. This allows you some level of anonymous networking. This IP spoofing is also used to trick applications into thinking you're located in a different region or even a different country than you are located in. There are reasons (both illegal and legal) to do this. We'll discuss that in a bit."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"When should I use a VPN?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Should I trust this VPN provider? More often than not, you can't and shouldn't.We've already discussed the use of a VPN when connecting offices. Any time you have two LANs that need to link over the public internet, you should consider using VPN technology or an equivalent method of enterprise protection. In this case, the VPN software will probably run in a router, a server, or a dedicated VPN server hardware appliance.We talked about two use cases above for consumer VPN services: Protecting your data and spoofing your location. We'll talk more about location spoofing later, so let's focus on data protection for now.When you're away from home or the office, and you connect to the internet, you'll most often be doing so via Wi-Fi provided by your hotel or the restaurant, library, or coffee shop you're working out of at that moment. Sometimes, Wi-Fi has a password. Other times, it will be completely open. In either case, you have no idea who else is accessing that network. Therefore, you have no idea who might be snooping on your internet traffic, browsing history or online activity.I recommend always using a VPN when using someone else's Wi-Fi network. Here's a good rule of thumb: If you're away from the office or home, and you're using someone else's Wi-Fi (even that of a family member or a friend, because you never know if they've been compromised), use a VPN. It's particularly important if you're accessing a service that has personally-identifying information. Remember, a lot goes on behind the scenes, and you never really know if one or more of your apps are authenticating in the background and putting your information at risk.Another reason you might choose to use a VPN is if you have something to hide. This isn't just about folks doing things they shouldn't do. Sometimes people really need to hide information. Take, for example, the person who is worried an employer might discriminate against him or her because of their sexual orientation or medical condition. Another example is a person who needs to go online but is concerned about revealing location information to a person in their life who might be a threat.And then, of course, there are those people in restrictive countries who need to hide their activity merely to gain access to the internet without potentially grave penalties."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Are the free VPN services any good?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"There are some good free VPN services, but I avoid all free VPNs.Why? It costs a lot to provide the infrastructure to operate a VPN service, from the network pipes to the servers. That infrastructure has to be paid for somehow. If user fees do not pay for it, advertising, data gathering, or some nastier reason are likely to be paid for.Here's another reason not to use a free service, and this one is a lot scarier: Malware providers and criminal organizations have set up free VPN services that not only don't protect you but actively harvest personal data, and either use it or sell it to the highest bidder. Instead of being protected, you're being plundered."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What's the best way to choose a VPN service?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"To be fair, not all pay VPN services are legitimate, either. It's important to be careful about which you choose. I've put together an always up-to-date directory of quality VPN providers. Some are better than others (and that's reflected in their ratings). But all are legitimate companies that provide quality service.Beyond my directory, it's always good practice to Google a company or product name and read the user reviews. If you see a huge number of old complaints or new complaints suddenly start showing up, it might be that there's been a change of management or policies. When I'm looking for a service, I always base my decision partially on professional reviews and partially based on the tone of user reviews.Finally, be sure to choose a service with the capabilities that meet your needs. You may need one or more features only provided by certain services. So, think through your needs as you make a decision."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Can a VPN guarantee my privacy?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Oh, heck no. A VPN can help ensure you're not snooped on when connecting between your computer and a website. But the website itself is quite capable of some serious privacy violations. For example, a VPN can't protect you against a website setting a tracking cookie that will tell other websites about you. A VPN can't protect you against a website recording information about products you're interested in. A VPN can't protect you against a website that sells your email address to list brokers. Yada, yada, yada.A VPN does help protect you in the situations we've discussed in previous sections. But don't expect a VPN to be a magical privacy shield that will keep everything you do private and confidential. There are many, many ways your privacy can be compromised, and a VPN will be of only partial help."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Will VPN software slow down my computer?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"That would be a definite maybe. Here's the thing: Back in the day, the process of encrypting and decrypting packets would take a toll on CPU performance. Most current CPUs are now fast enough that most crypto algorithms can run without much of an impact on processor performance.However, network performance is another thing entirely. First, keep in mind that if you're using a VPN, you're probably using it at a public location. That public Wi-Fi service is likely to range in performance somewhere between \"meh\" and unusable. So, just the fact that you're remotely working on a mediocre network will reduce performance. But then, if you connect to a VPN in a different country, the connection between countries is also likely to degrade network performance. Server locations matter.My rule of thumb is to use a domestic VPN and connect to servers as close to my location as possible. That said, I have had good nights and bad nights getting online. On my recent trip, I found most hotels' networks to become unusable after about 9pm. My theory is that many of the guests were watching Netflix at that time, completely clogging the hotels' pipes."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Do VPN service providers limit usage and how?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Some do. Some don't. Look at that directory I mentioned earlier because that's one of the factors where a service might lose some points.Some VPN services will limit the total amount of data you can send and receive, either in one connection session or over a month. Other VPN services will limit the speed of the data, effectively sharing less of their pipe with you than might be optimal. That could slow your browsing experience to a crawl or completely prevent you from watching streaming videos through streaming services.Usually, it's the free services that throttle your usage in these ways. Some paid services will offer a trial, where you can transmit up to a certain data cap before being asked to sign up as a paying customer. That's actually pretty cool because it gives you a chance to try out the performance of their service before paying, but it also gives the vendor a chance to make money necessary to operate the service.Many VPN services claim that they'll provide you with unlimited data transmission if you pay their fee and won't throttle your speeds. Generally, this is true, but I'll give you my standard \"unlimited bandwidth\" warning: It's been my experience that when a vendor says something is \"unlimited,\" it's almost always limited. Somewhere, there will be a note in the fine print or terms of service that allows the vendor to limit you in some way. It pays to read those agreements."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How private are VPNs? Do they log everything I do?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"In my VPN directory, I tracked two types of logging. The first is whether they log traffic, DNS requests, and IP addresses. This is pretty nasty stuff. If a VPN service logs this, they would have the information you might choose to hide, like sites you visit, locations where you are, and possibly even information you might be sending.Although the use of these services will still protect you from Wi-Fi spies in your hotel or restaurant, I can't recommend signing up for any service that does DNS, traffic, or IP logging. There are better, more private options.The second type of logging is more benign. VPN services that log bandwidth usage and connection timestamp data usually do so either to tune their own systems or manage any abuse of their services.I have less of a concern with services that just monitor bandwidth usage, as long as they don't store any specifics. That said, we gave top marks to those services that don't do any logging. When I choose a VPN service, those are the services I pick for my use."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What do net neutrality changes mean for my VPN usage?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Net neutrality has been severely under fire in the US. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has eliminated many of the consumer protections against internet service providers (ISPs) harvesting traffic data and selling that data to advertisers, or worse. This could be bad. I'm not terribly concerned if Comcast discovers my secret passion for muscle cars and I get more ads for car customizing kits. It might be annoying, but I'm not doing anything I want to hide. The problem could occur if ISPs start inserting their own ads in place of ads by, say, ZDNet. That could cut off the revenue that keeps websites alive, and that could have very serious repercussions.As for personal use and whether you should use a VPN at home because of net neutrality, I don't think we're there... yet. Certainly, if you're working on confidential information and connecting to work, you should use a VPN. But we haven't yet seen any evidence of ISPs being so intrusive that always-on VPNs are required at home.Stay tuned to this guide because if that changes, we'll let you know."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Is it legal to use a VPN?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"That depends. VPN use is legal in most countries, but, according to VPN provider CyberGhost, VPN use is illegal in the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, China, Iran, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, and Russia. Vladimir Putin has recently banned VPN use in Russia. Also, be aware that the so-called proxy server alternative to VPNs is also illegal in many countries, which consider any form of IP spoofing to be illegal, not just those services labeled as VPN.Restrictions vary, as do penalties. China allows certain approved VPNs. In the UAE, if you use a VPN, you could go to jail or be fined a minimum of more than the equivalent of $100,000.Definitely research this before you visit a country. Many travelers mistakenly believe that just because they're not citizens, and all they're doing is linking back to a corporate system, they should be able to have unrestricted use of VPN software. This is a mistake.The bottom line: Check the laws of the country you're in before connecting. It's also a good idea to check with your VPN provider, both for insight into whether it knows if there are issues and whether it'll support connectivity from the country you're visiting."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Do I need to use a VPN if my hotel has a wired internet connection?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Yes. It is almost totally unlikely that each room is on a dedicated subnet, so that means packets are traveling across a network shared by other guests. In addition, you never know whether someone in the front office has set up a packet sniffer for the express purpose of mining guest information.So, yes, use a VPN, even if there's a hard-wired connection to the wall."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Will a VPN service help me connect securely to my office network?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"If you're trying to connect to your on-premises corporate network, you'll most likely be assigned a VPN application by your IT department. This will allow you to establish a point-to-point connection between your local device and a server owned and operated by your company.But, if your company is cloud-based, and you're connecting to SaaS applications like Salesforce or Google, you should probably use a VPN service since you're not actually connecting to your company but instead to a public cloud application.If your IT department does not specifically identify a VPN service you should use for accessing their public cloud applications, definitely look at our VPN directory and choose one of the higher-rated service providers."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Can I get away with a VPN app, or do I need to bring my own router/ bridge/ dongle?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Let's talk about what happens when you use a VPN app on your computer or mobile device. Any VPN app will require an existing network connection to be able to connect to the VPN service provider. This means that even if you set your VPN app to automatically launch when your device boots, there will be a period when your computer is connected to the internet directly, not through your VPN.Some background services can send information across that initial, unsecured connection before the VPN loads. To be fair, the risk is relatively minor for most usage profiles. If you're establishing a connection automatically to your corporate server, you will want to check with your IT team about how they want you to set things up.If you are interested in an added level of protection, there are intriguing gadgets called Tiny Hardware Firewalls. These devices range from about $30 to $70 and connect via a network port or a USB slot to your laptop. They make the initial network connection, and so your computer's communication is always blocked before it calls out to the internet."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Should I use a VPN on my phone or tablet?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Both Android and iOS come with basic VPN capabilities to allow you to connect to your corporate networks securely. Your IT organization will generally advise you when you should use this feature, but as we've discussed, when away from your home or office, and especially if you're using an open, public Wi-Fi connection, you should.If you're connecting to web applications like email or Facebook, you should consider using a VPN service -- particularly if you're connecting via an open Wi-Fi network. Most good VPN services offer both iOS and Android clients."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Do I need a VPN if I'm connecting my phone via LTE?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"That depends. Once again, your corporate IT department will let you know their policy for connection directly to their corporate network. Usually, you'll use the VPN client built into your device's operating system for that.But here's the thing: It's up to how much you trust your carrier, where you're located in the world, and how secure you want to be. The carriers (net neutrality notwithstanding) can generally be relied upon to provide a secure connection from your phone to their network in the US.That said, it is possible to compromise wireless phone service with a man-in-the-middle attack. This situation occurs when a malevolent actor places a device designed to confuse your phone and cause your phone to connect to what it thinks is the phone network, but, in fact, it's a device designed for spying.Outside the US, it depends on what country you're in. If you are really concerned about security, simply avoid bringing any devices into a foreign nation that you intend to use after your trip. Those devices can be compromised in the country or during customs inspections.Likewise, if you're connecting via a nation's local carrier, that carrier may be intercepting your traffic, particularly if you're a non-native of that nation. In that situation, if you must connect back to applications and services at home, using a VPN is quite literally the least you can do. Also, keep in mind that if you use your phone's hotspot to connect your computer to the internet, you'll want to use a VPN on your computer as well.Finally, as we covered earlier in this guide, it's worth reminding you that some countries consider VPN use illegal. If you're planning on traveling, be sure to research local laws exhaustively."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What happens if a VPN connection fails while I'm on a remote connection?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A lot depends on what VPN you're using, how it's set up, and where you're connecting. That said, let's look at the most likely scenario.Recall that when you're online and connected to an internet application through a VPN, a few things are happening: Your data from your computer to the VPN service is encrypted by the VPN. Your data from the VPN service to the internet application may or may not be encrypted via https, but the VPN service does not encrypt it. And your IP address is spoofed. The online application sees the IP address of the VPN service, not of your laptop.When a VPN connection drops, you might just lose your connection. But because the internet is very good at routing around failures, what is more likely to happen is your computer will reconnect to the internet application, simply bypassing the VPN service. That means that -- on failure -- your local IP address may \"leak out\" and be logged by the internet application, and your data may be open to local Wi-Fi hackers at your hotel or wherever you're doing your computing.There is a reasonably robust solution to that problem, and that's next."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What does a VPN kill switch do?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Put simply; a VPN kill switch kills your internet connection if it detects that your VPN's connection has failed. There are generally two types of VPN kill switches.The first runs in the VPN client app on your computer, so if the VPN connection fails while the VPN client app is running, that VPN client app can turn off the computer or mobile device's internet connection. However, if your VPN connection has failed because the VPN client app itself crashed, then the kill switch may not work, and your IP and data may leak onto the internet.The second type of VPN kill switch is at the operating system level. These are usually driver-level systems that run whether or not the VPN application is running. As such, they provide a bit more protection for your surfing activities.Given that so many VPN products we reviewed in our directory support a kill switch, we recommend choosing a client with a kill switch feature. There may be a slight annoyance if you lose your connection, but that's more than made up for in the added security."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What do all those protocol names mean and which one should I choose?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"If you've been shopping for a VPN service, you've undoubtedly come across a bunch of names like SSL, OpenVPN, SSTP, L2TP/IPSec, PPP, PPTP, IKEv2/IPSec, SOCKS5, and more. These are all communication protocols. They are, essentially, the name of the method by which your communication is encrypted and packaged for tunneling to the VPN provider.There is a lot of debate among security purists about which VPN protocol is better. Some protocols (like PPP and its tunneling variant, PPTP) are old and compromised. Others, like SSTP, are proprietary to one company or another.My recommendation -- and the protocol I most often choose to use -- is OpenVPN. OpenVPN is a non-proprietary, open-source implementation of a VPN communication layer protocol. It's well-understood, well-regarded, generally quite secure, and robust. Also, it has the benefit of communicating over port 443, which is the standard port for https communication, which means almost all firewalls will allow OpenVPN traffic -- and most won't even be able to detect that a VPN is being used.Yes, there are certainly other protocol choices, even some that might be more appropriate than OpenVPN in certain situations. But if that's the case, either you've already made that decision, or your IT organization has specified a specific protocol you should use. However, as a default, if you're not sure what to look for, look for OpenVPN."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What does it mean when a VPN service talks about simultaneous connections?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The term \"simultaneous connections\" generally refers to the number of devices that can be connected to the VPN service and talk to the internet at once. For example, when I was driving across the country and working in my hotel room at night, I often had both my MacBook Pro and iPad connected to the internet.I used the MacBook Pro for writing, keeping the iPad open to do searches and find supporting information. Both of these were connected to the internet at one time. This was possible because the VPN service I was using allowed up to three connections to open at once.This is also a good way to provide support for more than one family member on a single subscription. Generally, there's no good reason for a VPN provider to allow less than two or three connections. If your provider only allows one, find another vendor. We gave extra points in our VPN directory to those vendors who allowed three or more connections."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"When should I choose either dynamic or static IP?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Every device connected to the public internet is assigned an IP address. It's like a phone number for each device. To be able to connect to the internet, each device needs such an address.The term \"dynamic IP address\" means that when a device connects to the internet, it's given an IP address taken from a pool of available addresses. While it's possible to get the same IP address on multiple connections, generally, each time you connect, you'll get a different address.If you want to hide your address from the web applications you're connecting to; you'll want a VPN service that provides dynamic IP addresses. In our directory, we list the number of IP addresses each service offers. By using a service with more available IP addresses, the chances of you getting a repeated IP are quite small.There are some minor disadvantages to using a dynamic IP. If someone who previously had the IP address you've been assigned did something nefarious on a service you use, the IP address might be banned. Usually, VPN providers are cautious about checking their IP addresses against blacklists, so the chances of this being a problem for you are slim.By contrast, a static IP address is an address that's assigned to you and only you. Most often, this is needed if you're running a server. Usually, static IP addresses are used in corporate situations and are generally not practical for general remote access, like from a hotel or coffee shop.Unless you have a specific application that you know needs a static IP, you'll want to be assigned a new dynamic IP address for each VPN session you initiate."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What does it mean when a VPN service talks about server switching?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"As we mentioned in the previous section, you're usually assigned a dynamic IP address from a pool of addresses when you connect to a VPN service. But where are those addresses located? They're attached to servers located, usually, throughout the world.Most VPN services allow you to connect to server locations in many different countries. In our VPN directory, we list both the number of servers the service maintains and the number of countries. By default, you'll usually be assigned a server located in your home country. Still, if you want to obfuscate your location, you may want to connect to a server located in a different country.Server switching is a feature -- offered by most VPN service providers -- that allows you to change what region or country you're going to connect to. Most providers allow you to switch as often as you'd like (although you usually have to disconnect, then change your configuration, and reconnect). This may be useful if you're trying to hide your location or if you're running into some communications glitches on the server you're currently using..."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Can I use a VPN to spoof my location or country of origin?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Because the VPN server you're connected to presents its IP address to whatever web application you're using, by choosing a server located in a different country, you can represent your connection as if you're in a different country. This may be illegal in certain regions, so use caution when doing this. In my testing, some VPN providers could successfully hide their originating country or the fact that they were VPNs, but others were not. You'll probably want to do some testing. Of the services where I did in-depth testing, NordVPN and Hotspot Shield could successfully hide their VPN origins, while StrongVPN and CyberGhost were not."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Can I use a VPN to watch a blacked-out program or video?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Sometimes it is possible to watch a blacked-out sporting event or other show, although we certainly can't advise you to do so. Spoofing your location to bypass broadcast restrictions may get you in hot water.Also, do be aware that some broadcasters have developed increasingly sophisticated methods to determine whether the IP address you represent is the IP address where you're located. The VPN may be able to protect your original IP address from being seen. Still, there are characteristics of proxy communications (like a slightly longer time to transfer packets) that can be used to identify users who are trying to bypass watching restrictions."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Is it true that a VPN is completely unhackable?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"No. No. Did I mention... no. Nothing is unhackable. As evidence...In January 2018, Cisco Systems (a very highly respected maker of internet communications hardware) revealed that a critical bug was found in its ASA (Adaptive Security Appliance) software that could allow hackers to execute code remotely.This is a bug in enterprise-level VPN systems used by corporations, so it's severe, indeed. Fortunately, responsible IT administrators can patch their systems to fix the bug. However, it goes to show how no system can be truly deemed absolutely secure.Another example was a bug in Hotspot Shield, a popular VPN service. This bug allowed a hacker to expose private information, including originating IP. Hotspot Shield issued an update, which gives us an excuse to remind you that you should always install updates, especially on your VPN client software."}}]}]</script><script data-n-head="ssr" charset="UTF-8" type="application/javascript" data-hid="chartbeat/config"> var _sf_async_config = _sf_async_config || {}; _sf_async_config.uid = 66142; _sf_async_config.domain = "zdnet.com"; _sf_async_config.flickerControl = false; _sf_async_config.useCanonical = true; _sf_async_config.useCanonicalDomain = true; _sf_async_config.autoDetect = false; _sf_async_config.sections = "top_funnel"; _sf_async_config.authors = "david gewirtz"; _sf_async_config.contentType = "misc-commerce"; var _sf_startpt = 1673120995731; window._cbq = (window._cbq || []); </script><script data-n-head="ssr"></script><script data-n-head="ssr" charset="UTF-8" type="application/javascript" data-hid="qualtrics"> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function () { var element = document.createElement("script"); 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And we pore over customer reviews to find out what matters to real people who already own and use the products and services we’re assessing.</p><p>When you click through from our site to a retailer and buy a product or service, we may earn affiliate commissions. This helps support our work, but does not affect what we cover or how, and it does not affect the price you pay. Neither ZDNET nor the author are compensated for these independent reviews. Indeed, we follow strict guidelines that ensure our editorial content is never influenced by advertisers.</p><p>ZDNET's editorial team writes on behalf of you, our reader. Our goal is to deliver the most accurate information and the most knowledgeable advice possible in order to help you make smarter buying decisions on tech gear and a wide array of products and services. Our editors thoroughly review and fact-check every article to ensure that our content meets the highest standards. If we have made an error or published misleading information, we will correct or clarify the article. If you see inaccuracies in our content, please report the mistake via <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://zdnet.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/requests/new">this form</a>.</p></div> <a class="c-globalDisclosure_modal-close c-button-secondary-medium g-inner-spacing-left-medium g-inner-spacing-right-medium">Close</a></div></div></div> </div> <div class="c-contentBreadcrumb g-text-xxsmall g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium"><span class="c-contentBreadcrumb_item"><a href="/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/" class="c-contentBreadcrumb_link nuxt-link-active"> Home </a></span><span class="c-contentBreadcrumb_item"><a href="/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/topic/innovation/" rel="follow" class="c-contentBreadcrumb_link"> Innovation </a></span><span class="c-contentBreadcrumb_item"><a href="/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/topic/security/" rel="follow" class="c-contentBreadcrumb_link"> Security </a></span><span class="c-contentBreadcrumb_item"><a href="/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/topic/vpn/" rel="follow" class="c-contentBreadcrumb_link"> VPN </a></span></div>  <h1 class="c-contentHeader_headline g-outer-spacing-top-medium g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium"> What is a VPN and why do you need one? Everything you need to know </h1> <div class="c-contentHeader_description g-outer-spacing-top-medium g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium"> Whether you're in a corporate or home office or on the road, a VPN remains one of the best ways to protect your privacy and security on the internet. </div> <div class="c-globalAuthor"><div on="tap:author-modal-david-gewirtz.show" role="dialog" aria-label="Popup with information about the author" tabindex="0" class="c-globalAuthor_image"><div><picture class="c-cmsImage c-cmsImage_loaded" style="aspect-ratio:192/192;"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036im_/https://www.zdnet.com/a/img/resize/82f5fad827e74b33983e1b52c5eab1af7464d827/2022/08/05/de4475ef-be59-4858-beb8-6f7696c85945/david-gewirtz.jpg?auto=webp&fit=crop&frame=1&height=192&width=192" alt="david-gewirtz" width="192" height="192" fetchpriority="low"></picture></div></div>  <div class="c-globalAuthor_meta"><div class="c-globalAuthor_metaContentWrap"><span class="c-globalAuthor_metaItem"><span>Written by</span></span> <a on="tap:author-modal-david-gewirtz.show" href="/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/meet-the-team/david-gewirtz/" class="c-globalAuthor_metaItem"><span class="c-globalAuthor_link"> David Gewirtz, <span class="c-globalAuthor_title">Senior Contributing Editor</span></span></a>   <span class="c-globalAuthor_metaItem"> on <time class="c-globalAuthor_time">July 30, 2021</time></span>  </div></div> <div class="c-globalModal c-globalAuthor_modal"><div class="c-globalModal_backdrop"></div> <div class="c-globalModal_contentWrapper"><div class="c-globalModal_content"><div role="button" class="c-globalModal_close"><svg><use xlink:href="/web/20230107204036im_/https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work/#close"></use></svg></div> </div></div></div></div> <div class="c-socialSharebar g-outer-spacing-right-small g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-outer-spacing-top-medium"> <ul class="c-socialSharebar_container"><li class="c-socialSharebar_button c-socialSharebar_button-comments"><div><svg class="c-socialSharebar_icon"><use xlink:href="/web/20230107204036im_/https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work/#comment-bubble"></use></svg></div></li><li class="c-socialSharebar_button c-socialSharebar_button-linkedin"><div><svg class="c-socialSharebar_icon"><use xlink:href="/web/20230107204036im_/https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work/#linkedin"></use></svg></div></li><li class="c-socialSharebar_button c-socialSharebar_button-flipboard"><div><svg class="c-socialSharebar_icon"><use xlink:href="/web/20230107204036im_/https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work/#flipboard"></use></svg></div></li><li class="c-socialSharebar_button c-socialSharebar_button-facebook"><div><svg class="c-socialSharebar_icon"><use xlink:href="/web/20230107204036im_/https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work/#facebook"></use></svg></div></li><li class="c-socialSharebar_button c-socialSharebar_button-twitter"><div><svg class="c-socialSharebar_icon"><use xlink:href="/web/20230107204036im_/https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work/#twitter"></use></svg></div></li></ul>  </div></div>  </div></div> <div class="u-grid-columns c-pageArticleSingle_grid g-outer-spacing-bottom-large"><div class="c-pageArticleSingle_leftRail sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-3"></div> <div id="article-4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a" class="c-pageArticleSingle_body sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6">   <div class="c-articleContent"><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><figure class="c-shortcodeImage u-clearfix c-shortcodeImage-large"><div class="c-shortcodeImage_imageContainer"><div class="c-shortcodeImage_image"><picture class="c-cmsImage c-cmsImage_loaded" style="aspect-ratio:1280/855.1999999999999;"><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036im_/https://www.zdnet.com/a/img/resize/263fc2984d4072afb5fbd4363c2d7c907e84ec0e/2021/06/09/a4b056d7-7781-439e-904d-1724944be299/shutterstock-1208297779.jpg?auto=webp&width=768" alt="mobile-vpn-shutterstock-1208297779.jpg"><source media="(max-width: 1023px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036im_/https://www.zdnet.com/a/img/resize/3f77068e3df9f05b5af5a13b75c99111f409271f/2021/06/09/a4b056d7-7781-439e-904d-1724944be299/shutterstock-1208297779.jpg?auto=webp&width=1024" alt="mobile-vpn-shutterstock-1208297779.jpg"><source media="(max-width: 1440px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036im_/https://www.zdnet.com/a/img/resize/197f0b145813fe0d5892303e8526fc558e929fe5/2021/06/09/a4b056d7-7781-439e-904d-1724944be299/shutterstock-1208297779.jpg?auto=webp&width=1280" alt="mobile-vpn-shutterstock-1208297779.jpg"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036im_/https://www.zdnet.com/a/img/resize/197f0b145813fe0d5892303e8526fc558e929fe5/2021/06/09/a4b056d7-7781-439e-904d-1724944be299/shutterstock-1208297779.jpg?auto=webp&width=1280" alt="mobile-vpn-shutterstock-1208297779.jpg" width="1280" height="855.1999999999999" fetchpriority="low"></picture></div> </div>  </figure><p>Whether you work from a traditional office, home office, your iPhone, or on the road, a VPN is one of the best ways to protect yourself from data breaches on the internet, especially when using public wi-fi networks. But how effective are VPNs, and what's the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-vpn/" rel="follow">best VPN</a> for you? What are the downsides to using a VPN? Our executive guide will answer all your VPN-related questions -- including a few you probably haven't thought to ask.</p><div class="g-outer-spacing-bottom-large"></div><p><strong>Must read: </strong></p><ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/how-does-nordvpn-work-plus-how-to-set-it-up-and-use-it-tutorial/" rel="follow">How does NordVPN work? Plus how to set it up and  use it</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/how-does-expressvpn-work-how-to-set-it-up-and-use-it-tutorial/" rel="follow">How does ExpressVPN work? Plus how to set it up and use it</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/how-does-surfshark-work-plus-how-to-set-it-up-and-use-it-tutorial/" rel="follow">How does Surfshark work? How to set up and use the VPN</a></li></ul><div id="5e48b96d-8f44-4768-a509-b5653a069d96" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>What is a VPN?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>VPN is an acronym for Virtual Private Network. </p><p>The purpose <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.cnet.com/how-to/understanding-vpns-and-how-to-choose-one/">of a VPN</a> is to provide you with security and privacy as you communicate over the internet.</p><p>Here's the problem with the internet: It's inherently insecure. When the internet was first designed, the priority was to be able to send packets (chunks of data) as reliably as possible. Networking across the country and the world was relatively new, and nodes often went down. Most of the internet's core protocols (communication methods) were designed to route around failure rather than secure data.</p><p>The applications you're accustomed to using, whether email, web, messaging, Facebook, etc., are all built on top of that <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/the-next-generation-internet-protocol-ipv6-gets-real/">Internet Protocol</a> (IP) core. While some standards have developed, not all internet apps are secure. Many still send their information without any security or privacy protection whatsoever.</p><p>This leaves any internet user vulnerable to criminals who might steal your banking or credit card information, governments who might want to eavesdrop on their citizens, and other internet users who might want to spy on you for a whole range of nefarious reasons.</p><p>A VPN creates a private tunnel over the open internet. The idea is that everything you send is encapsulated in this private communications channel and encrypted so -- even if your packets are intercepted -- they can't be deciphered. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/how-to-use-a-vpn-to-protect-your-internet-privacy/">VPNs are powerful and important tools to protect yourself and your data</a>, but they have limitations.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div class="g-outer-spacing-bottom-large"></div><div class="g-outer-spacing-bottom-large c-adDisplay_container c-adDisplay_container_incontent-all-top blank"></div><div id="30b3fe98-959f-467f-9617-9f3013d18f1d" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>How does VPN work?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>Let's start with the basic idea of internet communication. Suppose you're at your desk and you want to access a website like ZDNet. To do this, your computer initiates a request by sending some packets. If you're in an office, those packets often travel through switches and routers on your <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/a-simple-wireless-lan-overview/" target="_blank">LAN</a> before they are transferred to the public internet through a router.</p><p>Once on the public internet, those packets travel through a bunch of computers. A separate request is made to a series of name servers to translate the DNS name ZDNet.com to an IP address. That information is sent back to your browser, which then sends the request again through many computers on the public internet. Eventually, it reaches the ZDNet infrastructure, which also routes those packets, grabs a web page (which is a bunch of separate elements), and sends all that back to you.</p><p>Each internet request usually results in a whole series of communication events between multiple points. The way a VPN works is by encrypting those packets at the originating point, often hiding the data and the information about your originating IP address. The VPN software on your end then sends those packets to the VPN server at some destination point, decrypting that information.</p><p>One of the most important issues in understanding the limits of VPNs is understanding where the endpoint of the VPN server resides. We'll talk about that next.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div class="g-outer-spacing-bottom-large"></div><div class="g-outer-spacing-bottom-large c-adDisplay_container c-adDisplay_container_incontent-ad-plus-billboard-middle blank"></div><div id="fc07a34e-6763-4e0a-9477-9a3207b5db13" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>What are the two main types of VPNs?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>Most of us are familiar with the concept of a LAN, a local area network. That's the private network inside one physical location -- be it a home, a corporate building, or a campus. But many businesses don't run out of one location. They have branch offices, departments, and divisions that are geographically dispersed.</p><p>In many cases, each of these offices also has LANs. But how do the LANs connect? For some very specialized solutions, companies lease private lines to connect the offices. That can be very expensive. Instead, most companies opt to connect separated private LANs over the public internet geographically. To protect their data, they set up VPNs between offices, encrypting the data as it traverses the public internet.</p><p>This is a corporate or enterprise VPN, and it's characterized by the same organization controlling both endpoints of the VPN. If your company controls the originating point (say a sales office) and the endpoint (like a VPN server at your corporate HQ), you can be quite well assured (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/cisco-this-vpn-bug-has-a-10-out-of-10-severity-rating-so-patch-it-now/">unless there's a bug</a>) that your data is securely transmitted.</p><p>The second type of VPN is a consumer VPN. This is for those of you who compute in hotels or at coffee shops and connect to web applications like social networks, email, banks, or shopping sites. Consumer VPN services help ensure that those communications are protected.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div class="g-outer-spacing-bottom-large"></div><div class="g-outer-spacing-bottom-large c-adDisplay_container c-adDisplay_container_incontent-ad-plus-billboard-middle blank"></div><div id="c33fe2c2-0749-4e2e-acd7-f2f6de01d8e8" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>What does a consumer VPN service do?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>A consumer VPN service is, fundamentally, a <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-cloud-computing-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-cloud/">software-as-a-service (SaaS) offering</a>. The VPN service provides a secure tunnel between your computing device (whether laptop, phone, or tablet) and the provider's data center.</p><p>This is important to understand. Consumer VPN services protect your transmission from your location to their location, not from your location to the destination application you're using. If you think about it, this makes sense: A consumer VPN service is operated by a completely different company than, for example, Facebook or your bank.</p><p>The VPN service gives you an app that you run on your local device, which encrypts your data, and it travels in its encrypted form through a tunnel to the VPN service provider's infrastructure. At that point, the data is decrypted and sent on its way.</p><p>Two things happen here: First, if you're using an https connection, your data is encrypted by your browser and then by your VPN app. Your data is decrypted only once at the VPN data centre, leaving the original encryption provided by the browser intact. That encrypted data then goes on to the destination application, like your bank.</p><p>The second thing that happens is that the web application you're talking to does not get to see your IP address. Instead, it sees an IP address owned by the VPN service. This allows you some level of anonymous networking. This IP spoofing is also used to trick applications into thinking you're located in a different region or even a different country than you are located in. There are reasons (both illegal and legal) to do this. We'll discuss that in a bit.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div class="g-outer-spacing-bottom-large"></div><div class="g-outer-spacing-bottom-large c-adDisplay_container c-adDisplay_container_incontent-ad-plus-billboard-middle blank"></div><div id="e83be01a-6455-47c1-a1be-66564e76cad1" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>When should I use a VPN?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>Should I trust this VPN provider? More often than not, you can't and shouldn't.</p><p>We've already discussed the use of a VPN when connecting offices. Any time you have two LANs that need to link over the public internet, you should consider using VPN technology or an <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-duo-beyond-wants-to-remove-the-network-perimeter-and-get-rid-of-the-vpn/">equivalent method of enterprise protection</a>. In this case, the VPN software will probably run in a router, a server, or a dedicated VPN server hardware appliance.</p><p>We talked about two use cases above for consumer VPN services: Protecting your data and spoofing your location. We'll talk more about location spoofing later, so let's focus on data protection for now.</p><p>When you're away from home or the office, and you connect to the internet, you'll most often be doing so via Wi-Fi provided by your hotel or the restaurant, library, or coffee shop you're working out of at that moment. Sometimes, Wi-Fi has a password. Other times, it will be completely open. In either case, you have no idea who else is accessing that network. Therefore, you have no idea who might be snooping on your internet traffic, browsing history or online activity.</p><p>I recommend always using a VPN when using someone else's Wi-Fi network. Here's a good rule of thumb: If you're away from the office or home, and you're using someone else's Wi-Fi (even that of a family member or a friend, because you never know if they've been compromised), use a VPN. It's particularly important if you're accessing a service that has personally-identifying information. Remember, a lot goes on behind the scenes, and you never really know if one or more of your apps are authenticating in the background and putting your information at risk.</p><p>Another reason you might choose to use a VPN is if you have something to hide. This isn't just about folks doing things they shouldn't do. Sometimes people really need to hide information. Take, for example, the person who is worried an employer might discriminate against him or her because of their sexual orientation or medical condition. Another example is a person who needs to go online but is concerned about revealing location information to a person in their life who might be a threat.</p><p>And then, of course, there are those people in restrictive countries who need to hide their activity merely to gain access to the internet without potentially grave penalties.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div class="g-outer-spacing-bottom-large c-adDisplay_container c-adDisplay_container_incontent-ad-plus-billboard-middle blank"></div><div id="cbd82eaf-a60e-498a-8cf5-a2d26b91813c" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>Are the free VPN services any good?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>There are some good <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/want-more-privacy-online-protonmail-brings-its-free-vpn-to-android/">free VPN services</a>, but <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/why-free-vpns-are-not-a-risk-worth-taking/">I avoid all free VPNs</a>.</p><p>Why? It costs a lot to provide the infrastructure to operate a VPN service, from the network pipes to the servers. That infrastructure has to be paid for somehow. If user fees do not pay for it, advertising, data gathering, or some nastier reason are likely to be paid for.</p><p>Here's another reason not to use a free service, and this one is a lot scarier: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/hola-a-free-vpn-with-a-side-of-botnet/">Malware providers and criminal organizations have set up free VPN services</a> that not only don't protect you but actively harvest personal data, and either use it or sell it to the highest bidder. Instead of being protected, you're being plundered.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="b9d17c94-14c7-48e1-acf9-252ce6d0f8c0" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>What's the best way to choose a VPN service?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>To be fair, not all pay VPN services are legitimate, either. It's important to be careful about which you choose. I've put together <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free/">an always up-to-date directory</a> of quality VPN providers. Some are better than others (and that's reflected in their ratings). But all are legitimate companies that provide quality service.</p><p>Beyond my directory, it's always good practice to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/topic/google/" target="_blank">Google</a> a company or product name and read the user reviews. If you see a huge number of old complaints or new complaints suddenly start showing up, it might be that there's been a change of management or policies. When I'm looking for a service, I always base my decision partially on professional reviews and partially based on the tone of user reviews.</p><p>Finally, be sure to choose a service with the capabilities <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free/">that meet your needs</a>. You may need one or more features only provided by certain services. So, think through your needs as you make a decision.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="84072ce6-495d-4a5b-a662-3b1ecd6427d9" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>Can a VPN guarantee my privacy?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>Oh, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/vpns-are-not-as-private-as-the-name-suggests-csiro/">heck no</a>. A VPN can help ensure you're not snooped on when connecting between your computer and a website. But the website itself is quite capable of some serious privacy violations. For example, a VPN can't protect you against a website setting a tracking cookie that will tell other websites about you. A VPN can't protect you against a website recording information about products you're interested in. A VPN can't protect you against a website that sells your email address to list brokers. Yada, yada, yada.</p><p>A <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/how-to-use-a-vpn-to-protect-your-internet-privacy/">VPN does help protect you</a> in the situations we've discussed in previous sections. But don't expect a VPN to be a magical privacy shield that will keep everything you do private and confidential. There are many, many ways your privacy can be compromised, and a <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/for-internet-privacy-a-vpn-will-not-save-you/">VPN will be of only partial help</a>.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="9444b761-c109-41e3-8d54-ec6c3c02f0b3" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>Will VPN software slow down my computer?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>That would be a definite maybe. Here's the thing: Back in the day, the process of encrypting and decrypting packets would take a toll on CPU performance. Most current CPUs are now fast enough that most crypto algorithms can run without much of an impact on processor performance.</p><p>However, network performance is another thing entirely. First, keep in mind that if you're using a VPN, you're probably using it at a public location. That public Wi-Fi service is likely to range in performance somewhere between "meh" and unusable. So, just the fact that you're remotely working on a mediocre network will reduce performance. But then, if you connect to a VPN in a different country, the connection between countries is also likely to degrade network performance. Server locations matter.</p><p>My rule of thumb is to use a domestic VPN and connect to servers as close to my location as possible. That said, I have had good nights and bad nights getting online. On my recent trip, I found most hotels' networks to become unusable after about 9pm. My theory is that many of the guests were watching Netflix at that time, completely clogging the hotels' pipes.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><h3><br></h3><div id="b84a9af0-66ad-406d-8248-7b1c4dbab47b" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>Do VPN service providers limit usage and how?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>Some do. Some don't. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free/">Look at that directory I mentioned earlier</a> because that's one of the factors where a service might lose some points.</p><p>Some VPN services will limit the total amount of data you can send and receive, either in one connection session or over a month. Other VPN services will limit the speed of the data, effectively sharing less of their pipe with you than might be optimal. That could slow your browsing experience to a crawl or completely prevent you from watching streaming videos through streaming services.</p><p>Usually, it's the free services that throttle your usage in these ways. Some paid services will offer a trial, where you can transmit up to a certain data cap before being asked to sign up as a paying customer. That's actually pretty cool because it gives you a chance to try out the performance of their service before paying, but it also gives the vendor a chance to make money necessary to operate the service.</p><p>Many VPN services claim that they'll provide you with unlimited data transmission if you pay their fee and won't throttle your speeds. Generally, this is true, but I'll give you my standard "unlimited bandwidth" warning: It's been my experience that when a vendor says something is "unlimited," it's almost always limited. Somewhere, there will be a note in the fine print or terms of service that allows the vendor to limit you in some way. It pays to read those agreements.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="7b3c9a42-bea0-4247-b1f9-838d582efe32" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>How private are VPNs? Do they log everything I do?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>In my <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free/">VPN directory</a>, I tracked two types of logging. The first is whether they log traffic, DNS requests, and IP addresses. This is pretty nasty stuff. If a VPN service logs this, they would have the information you might choose to hide, like sites you visit, locations where you are, and possibly even information you might be sending.</p><p>Although the use of these services will still protect you from Wi-Fi spies in your hotel or restaurant, I can't recommend signing up for any service that does DNS, traffic, or IP logging. There are better, more private options.</p><p>The second type of logging is more benign. VPN services that log bandwidth usage and connection timestamp data usually do so either to tune their own systems or manage any abuse of their services.</p><p>I have less of a concern with services that just monitor bandwidth usage, as long as they don't store any specifics. That said, we gave top marks to those services that don't do any logging. When I choose a VPN service, those are the services I pick for my use.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="11d16182-8e1f-4d01-984f-407b60ace507" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>What do net neutrality changes mean for my VPN usage?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>Net neutrality has been severely under fire in the US. The <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/fcc-revisited-net-neutrality-changes-are-misleading-and-not-benign-says-gewirtz/">Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has eliminated many of the consumer protections</a> against internet service providers (ISPs) harvesting traffic data and selling that data to advertisers, or worse. </p><p>This could be bad. I'm not terribly concerned if Comcast discovers my secret passion for muscle cars and I get more ads for car customizing kits. It might be annoying, but I'm not doing anything I want to hide. The problem could occur if ISPs start inserting their own ads in place of ads by, say, ZDNet. That could cut off the revenue that keeps websites alive, and that <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/welcome-back-sneaker-net-why-neutrality-repeal-will-drive-us-to-the-edge/">could have very serious repercussions</a>.</p><p>As for personal use and whether you should use a VPN at home because of net neutrality, I don't think we're there... yet. Certainly, if you're working on confidential information and connecting to work, you should use a VPN. But we haven't yet seen any evidence of ISPs being so intrusive that always-on VPNs are required at home.</p><p>Stay tuned to this guide because if that changes, we'll let you know.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="1373f09a-6170-476d-852d-4306f6e4df8b" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>Is it legal to use a VPN?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>That depends. VPN use is legal in most countries, but, according to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://blog.cyberghostvpn.com/en/countries-where-vpns-are-illegal/">VPN provider CyberGhost</a>, VPN use is illegal in the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, China, Iran, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/putin-bans-vpn-use-in-russia/">and Russia</a>. Vladimir Putin has recently banned VPN use in Russia. Also, be aware that the so-called <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/why-a-proxy-server-cant-protect-you-like-a-vpn-can/">proxy server alternative to VPNs</a> is also illegal in many countries, which consider any form of IP spoofing to be illegal, not just those services labeled as VPN.</p><p>Restrictions vary, as do penalties. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/entrepreneurs-and-students-stifled-under-chinas-internet-controls-report/">China allows certain approved VPNs</a>. In the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/getting-caught-in-the-uae-using-a-vpn-will-cost-you-over-500000/">UAE, if you use a VPN, you could go to jail or be fined a minimum of more than the equivalent of $100,000.</a></p><p>Definitely research this before you visit a country. Many travelers mistakenly believe that just because they're not citizens, and all they're doing is linking back to a corporate system, they should be able to have unrestricted use of VPN software. This is a mistake.</p><p>The bottom line: Check the laws of the country you're in before connecting. It's also a good idea to check with your VPN provider, both for insight into whether it knows if there are issues and whether it'll support connectivity from the country you're visiting.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="eafcdad7-2689-4240-9b9b-9f14fab3785d" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>Do I need to use a VPN if my hotel has a wired internet connection?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>Yes. It is almost totally unlikely that each room is on a dedicated subnet, so that means packets are traveling across a network shared by other guests. In addition, you never know whether someone in the front office has set up a packet sniffer for the express purpose of mining guest information.</p><p>So, yes, use a VPN, even if there's a hard-wired connection to the wall.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="229a1a80-7ffa-4047-8110-87e0441b1572" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>Will a VPN service help me connect securely to my office network?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>If you're trying to connect to your on-premises corporate network, you'll most likely be assigned <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/http://www.techproresearch.com/downloads/intrusion-detection-policy/">a VPN application by your IT department</a>. This will allow you to establish a point-to-point connection between your local device and a server owned and operated by your company.</p><p>But, if your company is cloud-based, and you're connecting to SaaS applications like Salesforce or Google, you should probably use a VPN service since you're not actually connecting to your company but instead to a public cloud application.</p><p>If your IT department does not specifically identify a VPN service you should use for accessing their public cloud applications, definitely look at our <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free/">VPN directory</a> and choose one of the higher-rated service providers.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="6e57a17b-ad81-42a3-b5bf-88e0b1eaaca5" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>Can I get away with a VPN app, or do I need to bring my own router/ bridge/ dongle?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>Let's talk about what happens when you use a VPN app on your computer or mobile device. Any VPN app will require an existing network connection to be able to connect to the VPN service provider. This means that even if you set your VPN app to automatically launch when your device boots, there will be a period when your computer is connected to the internet directly, not through your VPN.</p><p>Some background services can send information across that initial, unsecured connection before the VPN loads. To be fair, the risk is relatively minor for most usage profiles. If you're establishing a connection automatically to your corporate server, you will want to check with your IT team about how they want you to set things up.</p><p>If you are interested in an added level of protection, there are intriguing gadgets called <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/http://www.tinyhardwarefirewall.com/">Tiny Hardware Firewalls</a>. These devices range from about $30 to $70 and connect via a network port or a USB slot to your laptop. They make the initial network connection, and so your computer's communication is always blocked before it calls out to the internet.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="6ab1af83-bc2a-4429-bba0-d9a66654e38c" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>Should I use a VPN on my phone or tablet?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>Both Android and iOS come with basic VPN capabilities to allow you to connect to your corporate networks securely. Your IT organization will generally advise you when you should use this feature, but as we've discussed, when away from your home or office, and especially if you're using an open, public Wi-Fi connection, you should.</p><p>If you're connecting to web applications like email or Facebook, you should consider using a VPN service -- particularly if you're connecting via an open Wi-Fi network. Most good VPN services offer both iOS and Android clients.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="df65f409-f653-491b-a1b2-cecc92399374" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>Do I need a VPN if I'm connecting my phone via LTE?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>That depends. Once again, your corporate IT department will let you know their policy for connection directly to their corporate network. Usually, you'll use the VPN client built into your device's operating system for that.</p><p>But here's the thing: It's up to how much you trust your carrier, where you're located in the world, and how secure you want to be. The carriers (net neutrality notwithstanding) can generally be relied upon to provide a secure connection from your phone to their network in the US.</p><p>That said, it is possible to compromise wireless phone service with a <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/dozens-of-popular-iphone-apps-vulnerable-to-man-in-the-middle-attacks/">man-in-the-middle attack</a>. This situation occurs when a malevolent actor places a device designed to confuse your phone and cause your phone to connect to what it thinks is the phone network, but, in fact, it's a device designed for spying.</p><p>Outside the US, it depends on what country you're in. If you are really concerned about security, simply avoid bringing any devices into a foreign nation that you intend to use after your trip. Those devices can be compromised in the country or during customs inspections.</p><p>Likewise, if you're connecting via a nation's local carrier, that carrier may be intercepting your traffic, particularly if you're a non-native of that nation. In that situation, if you must connect back to applications and services at home, using a VPN is quite literally the least you can do. Also, keep in mind that if you use your phone's hotspot to connect your computer to the internet, you'll want to use a VPN on your computer as well.</p><p>Finally, as we covered earlier in this guide, it's worth reminding you that some countries consider VPN use illegal. If you're planning on traveling, be sure to research local laws exhaustively.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="8f458d05-628d-403d-b66f-e2838132baad" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>What happens if a VPN connection fails while I'm on a remote connection?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>A lot depends on what VPN you're using, how it's set up, and where you're connecting. That said, let's look at the most likely scenario.</p><p>Recall that when you're online and connected to an internet application through a VPN, a few things are happening: Your data from your computer to the VPN service is encrypted by the VPN. Your data from the VPN service to the internet application may or may not be encrypted via https, but the VPN service does not encrypt it. And your IP address is spoofed. The online application sees the IP address of the VPN service, not of your laptop.</p><p>When a VPN connection drops, you might just lose your connection. But because the internet is very good at routing around failures, what is more likely to happen is your computer will reconnect to the internet application, simply bypassing the VPN service. That means that -- on failure -- your local IP address may "leak out" and be logged by the internet application, and your data may be open to local Wi-Fi hackers at your hotel or wherever you're doing your computing.</p><p>There is a reasonably robust solution to that problem, and that's next.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="af0114d1-da2d-4b6a-b45a-468482b6f506" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>What does a VPN kill switch do?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>Put simply; a VPN kill switch kills your internet connection if it detects that your VPN's connection has failed. There are generally two types of VPN kill switches.</p><p>The first runs in the VPN client app on your computer, so if the VPN connection fails while the VPN client app is running, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.techrepublic.com/article/this-app-is-one-of-the-best-ways-to-protect-yourself-and-your-data-online/">that VPN client app can turn off the computer or mobile device's internet connection</a>. However, if your VPN connection has failed because the VPN client app itself crashed, then the kill switch may not work, and your IP and data may leak onto the internet.</p><p>The second type of VPN kill switch is at the operating system level. These are usually driver-level systems that run whether or not the VPN application is running. As such, they provide a bit more protection for your surfing activities.</p><p>Given that so many <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free/">VPN products we reviewed in our directory</a> support a kill switch, we recommend choosing a client with a kill switch feature. There may be a slight annoyance if you lose your connection, but that's more than made up for in the added security.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="49fd62f5-eabe-4efd-85dd-3ccb72dc466d" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>What do all those protocol names mean and which one should I choose?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>If you've been shopping for a VPN service, you've undoubtedly come across a bunch of names like SSL, OpenVPN, SSTP, L2TP/IPSec, PPP, PPTP, IKEv2/IPSec, SOCKS5, and more. These are all communication protocols. They are, essentially, the name of the method by which your communication is encrypted and packaged for tunneling to the VPN provider.</p><p>There is a lot of debate <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/openvpn-audit-misses-serious-rce-flaws-researcher-takes-firm-to-task/">among security purists</a> about which VPN protocol is better. Some protocols (like PPP and its tunneling variant, PPTP) are old and compromised. Others, like SSTP, are proprietary to one company or another.</p><p>My recommendation -- and the protocol I most often choose to use -- is OpenVPN. OpenVPN is a non-proprietary, open-source implementation of a VPN communication layer protocol. It's well-understood, well-regarded, generally quite secure, and robust. Also, it has the benefit of communicating over port 443, which is the standard port for https communication, which means almost all firewalls will allow OpenVPN traffic -- and most won't even be able to detect that a VPN is being used.</p><p>Yes, there are certainly other protocol choices, even some that might be more appropriate than OpenVPN in certain situations. But if that's the case, either you've already made that decision, or your IT organization has specified a specific protocol you should use. However, as a default, if you're not sure what to look for, look for OpenVPN.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="a74145f4-4dc7-4b3a-83a0-af912740a338" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>What does it mean when a VPN service talks about simultaneous connections?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>The term "simultaneous connections" generally refers to the number of devices that can be connected to the VPN service and talk to the internet at once. For example, when I was driving across the country and working in my hotel room at night, I often had both my MacBook Pro and iPad connected to the internet.</p><p>I used the MacBook Pro for writing, keeping the iPad open to do searches and find supporting information. Both of these were connected to the internet at one time. This was possible because the VPN service I was using allowed up to three connections to open at once.</p><p>This is also a good way to provide support for more than one family member on a single subscription. Generally, there's no good reason for a VPN provider to allow less than two or three connections. If your provider only allows one, find another vendor. We gave extra points in our <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free/">VPN directory</a> to those vendors who allowed three or more connections.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="6ba088dc-bc93-4c97-b0b3-a94dad2c0829" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>When should I choose either dynamic or static IP?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>Every device connected to the public internet is assigned an IP address. It's like a phone number for each device. To be able to connect to the internet, each device needs such an address.</p><p>The term "dynamic IP address" means that when a device connects to the internet, it's given an IP address taken from a pool of available addresses. While it's possible to get the same IP address on multiple connections, generally, each time you connect, you'll get a different address.</p><p>If you want to hide your address from the web applications you're connecting to; you'll want a VPN service that provides dynamic IP addresses. In our directory, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free/">we list the number of IP addresses each service offers</a>. By using a service with more available IP addresses, the chances of you getting a repeated IP are quite small.</p><p>There are some minor disadvantages to using a dynamic IP. If someone who previously had the IP address you've been assigned did something nefarious on a service you use, the IP address might be banned. Usually, VPN providers are cautious about checking their IP addresses against blacklists, so the chances of this being a problem for you are slim.</p><p>By contrast, a static IP address is an address that's assigned to you and only you. Most often, this is needed if you're running a server. Usually, static IP addresses are used in corporate situations and are generally not practical for general remote access, like from a hotel or coffee shop.</p><p>Unless you have a specific application that you know needs a static IP, you'll want to be assigned a new dynamic IP address for each VPN session you initiate.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="273bbdea-aa55-45ca-a465-c4ec3ca61132" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>What does it mean when a VPN service talks about server switching?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>As we mentioned in the previous section, you're usually assigned a dynamic IP address from a pool of addresses when you connect to a VPN service. But where are those addresses located? They're attached to servers located, usually, throughout the world.</p><p>Most VPN services allow you to connect to server locations in many different countries. In our VPN directory, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free/">we list both the number of servers the service maintains and the number of countries</a>. By default, you'll usually be assigned a server located in your home country. Still, if you want to obfuscate your location, you may want to connect to a server located in a different country.</p><p>Server switching is a feature -- offered by most VPN service providers -- that allows you to change what region or country you're going to connect to. Most providers allow you to switch as often as you'd like (although you usually have to disconnect, then change your configuration, and reconnect). This may be useful if you're trying to hide your location or if you're running into some communications glitches on the server you're currently using...</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="03aaaab8-28bc-41c4-8a1e-18bbbe1a52c7" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>Can I use a VPN to spoof my location or country of origin?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>Because the VPN server you're connected to presents <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/why-a-proxy-server-cant-protect-you-like-a-vpn-can/">its IP address</a> to whatever web application you're using, by choosing a server located in a different country, you can represent your connection as if you're in a different country. This may be illegal in certain regions, so use caution when doing this. </p><p>In my testing, some VPN providers could successfully hide their originating country or the fact that they were VPNs, but others were not. You'll probably want to do some testing. Of the services where I did in-depth testing, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/nord-vpn-review-an-in-depth-look-at-a-popular-vpn/">NordVPN</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/hotspot-shield-review-heres-a-vpn-that-actually-lives-to-up-hype/">Hotspot Shield</a> could successfully hide their VPN origins, while <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/strongvpn-review-a-clear-and-easy-to-use-vpn-ideal-for-coffee-shop-use/">StrongVPN</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/cyberghost-vpn-review-more-than-just-vpn-an-all-in-one-security-kit/">CyberGhost</a> were not.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="b36a5e02-4760-4db1-8087-5ae6c3fc5c51" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>Can I use a VPN to watch a blacked-out program or video?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>Sometimes it is possible to watch a blacked-out sporting event or other show, although we certainly can't advise you to do so. Spoofing your location to bypass broadcast restrictions may get you in hot water.</p><p>Also, do be aware that some broadcasters have developed increasingly sophisticated methods to determine whether the IP address you represent is the IP address where you're located. The VPN may be able to protect your original IP address from being seen. Still, there are characteristics of proxy communications (like a slightly longer time to transfer packets) that can be used to identify users who are trying to bypass watching restrictions.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="d1fb7bf9-e3dc-4992-bcbe-3ff74975077c" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>Is it true that a VPN is completely unhackable?</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>No. No. Did I mention... no. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/for-internet-privacy-a-vpn-will-not-save-you/">Nothing is unhackable</a>. As evidence...</p><p>In January 2018, Cisco Systems (a very highly respected maker of internet communications hardware) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/cisco-this-vpn-bug-has-a-10-out-of-10-severity-rating-so-patch-it-now/">revealed that a critical bug was found</a> in its ASA (Adaptive Security Appliance) software that could allow hackers to execute code remotely.</p><p>This is a bug in enterprise-level VPN systems used by corporations, so it's severe, indeed. Fortunately, responsible IT administrators can patch their systems to fix the bug. However, it goes to show how no system can be truly deemed absolutely secure.</p><p>Another example was a <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/privacy-flaw-in-hotspot-shield-can-identify-users-locations/">bug in Hotspot Shield</a>, a popular VPN service. This bug allowed a hacker to expose private information, including originating IP. Hotspot Shield issued an update, which gives us an excuse to remind you that you should always install updates, especially on your VPN client software.</p></div></div>  </div>  </div><div id="1df519dc-61c9-408c-bddf-57482820b322" class="c-shortcodeListicle g-outer-spacing-bottom-medium g-inner-spacing-top-medium"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_header g-outer-spacing-bottom-small sm:u-col-2 md:u-col-6 lg:u-col-6"><div class="c-shortcodeListicle_headerText"><div><h2>Who are the key players</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-shortcodeListicle_content">   <div><div class="c-ShortcodeContent"><p>We've done in-depth reviews of the following VPN services. If you're considering a VPN, you might want to read these articles first:</p><p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/nord-vpn-review-an-in-depth-look-at-a-popular-vpn/">NordVPN review: Sincere about security and privacy</a></p><p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/strongvpn-review-a-clear-and-easy-to-use-vpn-ideal-for-coffee-shop-use/">StrongVPN Review: A clear and easy-to-use VPN ideal for coffee shop use</a></p><p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/hotspot-shield-review-heres-a-vpn-that-actually-lives-to-up-hype/">Hotspot Shield review: Here's a VPN that actually lives up to its hype</a></p><p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/cyberghost-vpn-review-more-than-just-vpn-an-all-in-one-security-kit/">CyberGhost VPN review: More than just VPN, an all-in-one security kit</a></p><p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/ipvanish-review-a-rich-wealth-of-options-and-surfing-controls/">IPVanish review: VPN delivers a wealth of options and browsing controls</a></p><p>While there are a tremendous number of VPN vendors out there, we think the following are some of the best:</p><ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://go.nordvpn.net/aff_c?offer_id=378&aff_id=307&source=zdnet&aff_sub=[subid_value]&aff_sub2=whatisavpn&aff_sub3=xid:fr1617300800874cjf">NordVPN</a>: 30-day refund, lots of simultaneous connections </li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://xvctlink.com/zdnet?offer=3monthsfree&a_fid=cnetvpn&data1=[subid_value]&data2=whatisavpn">ExpressVPN</a>: Detailed FAQ, good refund policy, Bitcoin</li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.dpbolvw.net/click-9041660-14365302?sid=[subid_value]|whatisavpn-xid-fr1617300800876adc">IPVanish VPN</a>: Keeps no log files and has support for Kodi</li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://click.linksynergy.com/deeplink?id=IokOf8qagZo&mid=38687&murl=https://www.purevpn.com/&u1=[subid_value]|whatisavpn|xid:fr1617300800876cdh">PureVPN</a>: Large network, strong technically, good performance </li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://get.surfshark.net/aff_c?offer_id=50&aff_id=1511&source=zdnet&aff_sub=[subid_value]&aff_sub2=whatisavpn&aff_sub3=xid:fr1617300800876fii">Surfshark</a>: Unlimited device support, whitelisting feature</li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.kqzyfj.com/click-9041660-14013166?sid=[subid_value]|whatisavpn-xid-fr1617300800876hef">Norton Secure VPN</a>: Company is trustworthy and accountable</li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://strongvpn.com/?tr_aid=CBSI=[subid_value]|whatisavpn">StrongVPN</a>: Excellent infrastructure, decent price performance </li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9041660-14087873?sid=%5Bsubid_value%5D&url=https%3A%2F%2Fprivateinternetaccess.com?sid=whatisavpn">Private Internet Access</a>: Lowest yearly price, most servers</li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.anrdoezrs.net/links/3586864/type/dlg/sid/xid-fr1617300800876heg/https://www.cyberghostvpn.com/en_US/offer/strm-bestvpn?sid=[subid_value]|whatisavpn">CyberGhost</a>: Supports Kodi, good Linux and router support</li></ul></div></div>  </div>  </div><h3>See also:</h3><ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free/#link={%22role%22:%22standard%22,%22href%22:%22https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free/%22,%22target%22:%22%22,%22absolute%22:%22%22,%22linkText%22:%22Best%20VPN%20services:%20Safe%20and%20fast%20don't%20come%20for%20free%22}" rel="follow">Best VPN services: Safe and fast don't come for free</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/how-to-install-a-vpn-on-ios-mac-windows-and-android/#link={%22role%22:%22standard%22,%22href%22:%22https://www.zdnet.com/article/how-to-install-a-vpn-on-ios-mac-windows-and-android/%22,%22target%22:%22_blank%22,%22absolute%22:%22%22,%22linkText%22:%22How%20to%20install%20and%20set%20up%20a%20VPN%20on%20iOS,%20Mac,%20Windows,%20and%20Android%22}" rel="follow">How to install and set up a VPN on iOS, Mac, Windows, and Android</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/fastest-vpn/#link={%22role%22:%22standard%22,%22href%22:%22https://www.zdnet.com/article/fastest-vpn/%22,%22target%22:%22_blank%22,%22absolute%22:%22%22,%22linkText%22:%22The%20fastest%20VPNs:%20NordVPN,%20Hotspot%20Shield,%20and%20ExpressVPN%20compared%22}" rel="follow">The fastest VPNs: NordVPN, Hotspot Shield, and ExpressVPN compared</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-vpn/#link={%22role%22:%22standard%22,%22href%22:%22https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-vpn/%22,%22target%22:%22_blank%22,%22absolute%22:%22%22,%22linkText%22:%22The%20best%20VPN%20services:%20Safe%20and%20fast%20don't%20come%20free%22}" rel="follow">The best VPN services: Safe and fast don't come free</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/the-best-free-vpns-why-they-dont-exist/#link={%22role%22:%22standard%22,%22href%22:%22https://www.zdnet.com/article/the-best-free-vpns-why-they-dont-exist/%22,%22target%22:%22_blank%22,%22absolute%22:%22%22,%22linkText%22:%22The%20best%20free%20VPNs:%20Why%20they%20don't%20exist%22}" rel="follow">The best free VPNs: Why they don't exist</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/how-to-use-a-vpn-to-protect-your-internet-privacy/#link={%22role%22:%22standard%22,%22href%22:%22https://www.zdnet.com/article/how-to-use-a-vpn-to-protect-your-internet-privacy/%22,%22target%22:%22%22,%22absolute%22:%22%22,%22linkText%22:%22How%20to%20use%20a%20VPN%20to%20protect%20your%20internet%20privacy%22}" rel="follow">How to use a VPN to protect your internet privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/why-free-vpns-are-not-a-risk-worth-taking/#link={%22role%22:%22standard%22,%22href%22:%22https://www.zdnet.com/article/why-free-vpns-are-not-a-risk-worth-taking/%22,%22target%22:%22%22,%22absolute%22:%22%22,%22linkText%22:%22Why%20free%20VPNs%20are%20not%20a%20risk%20worth%20taking%22}" rel="follow">Why free VPNs are not a risk worth taking</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/hotspot-shield-review-heres-a-vpn-that-actually-lives-to-up-hype/#link={%22role%22:%22standard%22,%22href%22:%22https://www.zdnet.com/article/hotspot-shield-review-heres-a-vpn-that-actually-lives-to-up-hype/%22,%22target%22:%22%22,%22absolute%22:%22%22,%22linkText%22:%22Hotspot%20Shield%20review:%20Here's%20a%20VPN%20that%20actually%20lives%20up%20to%20its%20hype%22}" rel="follow">Hotspot Shield review: Here's a VPN that actually lives up to its hype</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/nord-vpn-review-an-in-depth-look-at-a-popular-vpn/" rel="follow">NordVPN review: Revamping security practices, but still useful</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/article/reader-question-answered-if-i-have-https-do-i-need-a-vpn/" rel="follow">Reader question answered: If I have https, do I need a VPN?</a></li></ul><hr><p><em>You can follow my day-to-day project updates on social media. 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All rights reserved. </span> <span class="c-siteFooterPolicies"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.redventures.com/legal/privacy-policy" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> | <div role="button" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="ot-sdk-show-settings">Cookie Settings</div> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.zdnet.com/advertise/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="_blank">Advertise</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204036/https://www.redventures.com/legal/cmg-terms-of-use" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="_blank">Terms of Use</a></span></div></div></div></div></footer></div> </div></div></div><script>window.__NUXT__=(function(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y){o.pageType=h;o.id="what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work";o.queryParams={};o.meta={edition:c,brand:c,contentType:c,datePublished:{created:c,date:"2021-07-30 12:30:00",timezone:"UTC",updated:c,published:c},dateUpdated:c,description:c,displayDatePublished:c,displayDateUpdated:c,id:l,image:c,noIndex:b,pageType:c,primaryCollection:{id:c,image:c,primary:a,title:d,slug:c,hide:b,description:c,threads:[],typeSlug:c,collectionType:c},publishDate:c,section:j,seoMetaDescription:c,seoOgDescription:c,seoOgImage:c,seoOgTitle:c,seoTwitterCard:c,seoTwitterCreator:c,seoTwitterDescription:c,seoTwitterImage:c,seoTwitterImageAlt:c,seoOgImageHeight:c,seoOgImageWidth:c,seoTwitterTitle:c,seoTwitterSite:c,site:c,slug:"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work",suppressAds:b,tags:[{slug:r,name:"FAQ Markup"}],title:c,titleTag:c,topics:[{id:"e5be9bf6-59dd-4954-b3b3-ee691565f832",slug:n,name:"VPN",typeName:d,uuid:d,primary:a,topicPath:[{id:"9d3e6108-0023-11e4-95d2-02911863765e",slug:"innovation",name:"Innovation",typeName:d,uuid:d},{id:"113c25b6-ec91-11e3-95d2-02911863765e",slug:"security",name:"Security",typeName:d,uuid:d}]},{id:"10e2a445-ec91-11e3-95d2-02911863765e",slug:v,name:"Networking",typeName:d,uuid:d,primary:b,topicPath:[{id:"a1897105-61bd-4610-abb3-4804906d4a9a",slug:"home-and-office",name:"Home & Office",typeName:d,uuid:d}]},{id:"114a15be-ec91-11e3-95d2-02911863765e",slug:w,name:"SMB",typeName:d,uuid:d,primary:b,topicPath:[{id:"57b89c3b-5b67-4357-bd53-58c9f516a044",slug:"business",name:"Business",typeName:d,uuid:d}]},{id:"73cc194f-d555-4dde-9954-530bc9c225f8",slug:"executive-guides",name:"Executive Guides",typeName:d,uuid:d,primary:b,topicPath:[{id:"57b89c3b-5b67-4357-bd53-58c9f516a044",slug:"business",name:"Business",typeName:d,uuid:d}]},{id:"f1f7db06-c6f9-4e80-8187-60ad48f035a1",slug:"zdnet-recommends",name:"ZDNET Recommends",typeName:d,uuid:d,primary:b,topicPath:[{id:"8535183a-13e9-44a4-8930-90d54e8c8c01",slug:"more-topics",name:"More Topics",typeName:d,uuid:d}]}],type:c,typeName:m,category:c,excludeFromRivers:b,suppressSearch:b};o.components=[{id:"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work",meta:{componentName:h,componentDisplayName:"Article",componentType:"Article"},metadata:{},links:{self:{href:"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fcmg-prod.apigee.net\u002Fv1\u002Fxapi\u002Farticles\u002Fzdnet\u002Fwhat-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work\u002Fweb?apiKey=hzY568JORMZcDzoFQ1ey5LBJuBS7DncX&componentName=article&componentDisplayName=Article&componentType=Article"}},item:{annotations:[],contentPlatform:{revisionId:"rev_2Ibsk5xPD5mu8zkP51uVuvQslVr",ctopic:["technology","tech_innovations","digital_security","vpns"],entity:["facebook","twitter","youtube","address","ip","service",n],ctax:["technology and computing","information and network security"],csig:["compare"]},author:{id:"9a23272b-10d6-11e4-9732-00505685119a",username:x,profileUrl:c,email:c,firstName:"David",lastName:"Gewirtz",jobTitle:c,dateCreated:{created:c,date:c,timezone:c,updated:c,published:c},image:{id:"de4475ef-be59-4858-beb8-6f7696c85945",filename:"david-gewirtz.jpg",dateCreated:{created:c,date:"2022-08-05 15:19:52",timezone:"UTC",updated:c,published:c},alt:"david-gewirtz",credits:c,caption:c,path:"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Fa\u002Fimg\u002F2022\u002F08\u002F05\u002Fde4475ef-be59-4858-beb8-6f7696c85945\u002Fdavid-gewirtz.jpg",cropGravity:c,crop:c,typeName:"content_image",imageUrl:c,width:1000,height:1000,bucketPath:c,bucketType:c,title:c},socialProfileIds:{twitter:"DavidGewirtz",facebookProfile:c,facebookPage:c,instagram:c},authorBio:c,profile:{authorBio:"In addition to hosting the ZDNET Government and ZDNet DIY-IT blogs, David Gewirtz is an author, U.S. policy advisor, and computer scientist. He is featured in The History Channel special The President's Book of Secrets, is one of America's foremost cyber-security experts, and is a top expert on saving and creating jobs. He is also director of the U.S. Strategic Perspective Institute as well as the founder of ZATZ Publishing.\r\n\r\nDavid is a member of FBI InfraGard, the Cyberwarfare Advisor for the International Association for Counterterrorism & Security Professionals, a columnist for The Journal of Counterterrorism and Homeland Security, and has been a regular CNN contributor, and a guest commentator for the Nieman Watchdog of the Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University. He is the author of Where Have All the Emails Gone?, the definitive study of email in the White House, as well as How To Save Jobs and The Flexible Enterprise, the classic book that served as a foundation for today's agile business movement.",byline:"In addition to hosting the ZDNET Government and ZDNET DIY-IT blogs, Distinguished Lecturer David Gewirtz is an author, U.S. policy advisor and computer scientist.",authorDisclosure:"David has relationships with a variety of professional associations and nonprofit organizations. He is the executive director of U.S. Strategic Perspective Institute, a nonprofit research and policy organization. He is the cyberwarfare advisor for the International Association for Counterterrorism and Security Professionals. He is the IT advisor for the Florida Public Health Association, and an advisory board member for the Technical Communications and Management Certificate program at the University of California, Berkeley extension.\r\n\r\nDavid is a member of the FBI's InfraGard program, the security partnership between the FBI and industry. David is also a member of the U.S. Naval Institute and the National Defense Industrial Association, the leading defense industry association promoting national security.\r\n\r\nTechnically, David is a government employee. He is employed by the State of California on behalf of the University of California, Berkeley extension, where he is a member of the instructional faculty and teaches object-oriented programming.\r\n\r\nMany of David's projects find their way into ZDNET DIY-IT articles and are shared with readers worldwide. As part of David's project work, various vendors supply David with products, services, advice, and support. Whenever he discusses an offering from one of these vendors in ZDNET editorail, David makes sure to disclose any support he's received.\r\n\r\nAside from his equity stake in Component Enterprises, Inc., the firm that manages David's contracts and financial affairs, David holds no stock in any other entities. From time-to-time, David's holdings may include mutual funds or other financial instruments, but he has no direct visibility into the components of those funds or the companies they may invest in.\r\n\r\nComponent Enterprises also owns ZATZ Publishing, one of the first technology magazine publishers on the Internet. Today, more than 15 years of ZATZ archives remain online and the ZATZ technology sites update automatically with relevant news items of the day.\r\n\r\nZATZ is also home to David's research projects, where he has developed breakthrough technologies like the ZENPRESS enterprise content management system and the AI Editor, a dynamic content analysis and editing system based on innovative artificial intelligence algorithms and heuristics.\r\n\r\nDavid is the author of a number of books, and receives royalties on books sales from a number of entities, including Amazon. David also provides his books free in digital form, as part of a grant to the U.S. Strategic Perspective Institute. When he mentions his books in editorial, he always provides a link to the free download location.\r\n\r\nDavid believes strongly in disclosure and transparency, and if he establishes any further relationships or partnerships with parties relevant to ZDNET editorial, he will make sure to disclose them to his editors, and in his columns and here, in this document.",awardsAndCredentials:"~Sigma Xi Research Award in Engineering ~Kappa Delta Pi, International Honor Society in Education ~Example of Excellence, Western Governors University Teacher's College ~Best Strategy, New Jersey Venture Council ~Author of The Flexible Enterprise",bureau:"US",education:"B.S. Computer Science with honors, Worcester Polytechnic Institute ~M.Ed. Learning and Technology, Western Governors University",expertise:"~DIY and maker activities, particularly 3D printing and digital fabrication ~Enterprise-level IT applied to SMB small and home business operations, and working from home ~Business development and strategy, especially for small business and tech companies",id:"9a2a67c3-10d6-11e4-9732-00505685119a",title:"Senior Contributing Editor"},title:d,bio:d,bureau:"US",authorDisclosure:"David has relationships with a variety of professional associations and nonprofit organizations. He is the executive director of U.S. Strategic Perspective Institute, a nonprofit research and policy organization. He is the cyberwarfare advisor for the International Association for Counterterrorism and Security Professionals. He is the IT advisor for the Florida Public Health Association, and an advisory board member for the Technical Communications and Management Certificate program at the University of California, Berkeley extension.\r\n\r\nDavid is a member of the FBI's InfraGard program, the security partnership between the FBI and industry. David is also a member of the U.S. Naval Institute and the National Defense Industrial Association, the leading defense industry association promoting national security.\r\n\r\nTechnically, David is a government employee. He is employed by the State of California on behalf of the University of California, Berkeley extension, where he is a member of the instructional faculty and teaches object-oriented programming.\r\n\r\nMany of David's projects find their way into ZDNET DIY-IT articles and are shared with readers worldwide. As part of David's project work, various vendors supply David with products, services, advice, and support. Whenever he discusses an offering from one of these vendors in ZDNET editorail, David makes sure to disclose any support he's received.\r\n\r\nAside from his equity stake in Component Enterprises, Inc., the firm that manages David's contracts and financial affairs, David holds no stock in any other entities. From time-to-time, David's holdings may include mutual funds or other financial instruments, but he has no direct visibility into the components of those funds or the companies they may invest in.\r\n\r\nComponent Enterprises also owns ZATZ Publishing, one of the first technology magazine publishers on the Internet. Today, more than 15 years of ZATZ archives remain online and the ZATZ technology sites update automatically with relevant news items of the day.\r\n\r\nZATZ is also home to David's research projects, where he has developed breakthrough technologies like the ZENPRESS enterprise content management system and the AI Editor, a dynamic content analysis and editing system based on innovative artificial intelligence algorithms and heuristics.\r\n\r\nDavid is the author of a number of books, and receives royalties on books sales from a number of entities, including Amazon. David also provides his books free in digital form, as part of a grant to the U.S. Strategic Perspective Institute. When he mentions his books in editorial, he always provides a link to the free download location.\r\n\r\nDavid believes strongly in disclosure and transparency, and if he establishes any further relationships or partnerships with parties relevant to ZDNET editorial, he will make sure to disclose them to his editors, and in his columns and here, in this document."},buyingCycle:t,datePublished:{created:c,date:"2021-07-30 12:30:00",timezone:"UTC",updated:c,published:c},dateUpdated:{created:c,date:"2022-05-25 15:00:43",timezone:"UTC",updated:c,published:c},displayDatePublished:{created:c,date:"2021-07-30 12:30:00",timezone:"UTC",updated:c,published:c},displayDateUpdated:{created:c,date:"2021-07-30 12:30:00",timezone:"UTC",updated:c,published:c},edition:i,headline:"What is a VPN and why do you need one? Everything you need to know",id:l,collections:c,image:c,primaryCollection:{id:c,image:c,primary:a,title:d,slug:c,hide:b,description:c,threads:[],typeSlug:c,collectionType:c},promoImage:{id:"fe5f85d2-c238-4826-b305-efcb88798239",filename:"vpn-internet-tunnel.jpg",dateCreated:{created:c,date:"2018-02-08 15:45:29",timezone:"UTC",updated:c,published:c},alt:"vpn-internet-tunnel.jpg",credits:d,caption:c,path:"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Fa\u002Fimg\u002F2018\u002F02\u002F08\u002Ffe5f85d2-c238-4826-b305-efcb88798239\u002Fvpn-internet-tunnel.jpg",cropGravity:c,crop:c,typeName:"content_image",imageUrl:c,width:c,height:c,bucketPath:c,bucketType:c,title:"vpn-internet-tunnel"},section:j,slug:"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work",subType:s,tags:[{slug:r,name:"FAQ Markup"}],title:c,topics:[{id:"e5be9bf6-59dd-4954-b3b3-ee691565f832",slug:n,name:"VPN",typeName:d,uuid:d,primary:a,topicPath:[{id:"9d3e6108-0023-11e4-95d2-02911863765e",slug:"innovation",name:"Innovation",typeName:d,uuid:d},{id:"113c25b6-ec91-11e3-95d2-02911863765e",slug:"security",name:"Security",typeName:d,uuid:d}]},{id:"10e2a445-ec91-11e3-95d2-02911863765e",slug:v,name:"Networking",typeName:d,uuid:d,primary:b,topicPath:[{id:"a1897105-61bd-4610-abb3-4804906d4a9a",slug:"home-and-office",name:"Home & Office",typeName:d,uuid:d}]},{id:"114a15be-ec91-11e3-95d2-02911863765e",slug:w,name:"SMB",typeName:d,uuid:d,primary:b,topicPath:[{id:"57b89c3b-5b67-4357-bd53-58c9f516a044",slug:"business",name:"Business",typeName:d,uuid:d}]},{id:"73cc194f-d555-4dde-9954-530bc9c225f8",slug:"executive-guides",name:"Executive Guides",typeName:d,uuid:d,primary:b,topicPath:[{id:"57b89c3b-5b67-4357-bd53-58c9f516a044",slug:"business",name:"Business",typeName:d,uuid:d}]},{id:"f1f7db06-c6f9-4e80-8187-60ad48f035a1",slug:"zdnet-recommends",name:"ZDNET Recommends",typeName:d,uuid:d,primary:b,topicPath:[{id:"8535183a-13e9-44a4-8930-90d54e8c8c01",slug:"more-topics",name:"More Topics",typeName:d,uuid:d}]}],typeName:m,body:"\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"image\" uuid=\"a4b056d7-7781-439e-904d-1724944be299\" size=\"original\" float=\"none\" image-caption=\"\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" image-alt-text=\"mobile-vpn-shutterstock-1208297779.jpg\" image-filename=\"shutterstock-1208297779.jpg\" image-date-created=\"2021\u002F06\u002F09\" image-width=\"1600\" image-height=\"1069\" image-do-not-crop=\"false\" image-do-not-resize=\"false\" image-watermark=\"false\" lightbox=\"false\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhether you work from a traditional office, home office, your iPhone, or on the road, a VPN is one of the best ways to protect yourself from data breaches on the internet, especially when using public wi-fi networks. But how effective are VPNs, and what's the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn\u002F\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ebest VPN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E for you? What are the downsides to using a VPN? Our executive guide will answer all your VPN-related questions -- including a few you probably haven't thought to ask.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMust read: \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhow-does-nordvpn-work-plus-how-to-set-it-up-and-use-it-tutorial\u002F\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EHow does NordVPN work? Plus how to set it up and  use it\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhow-does-expressvpn-work-how-to-set-it-up-and-use-it-tutorial\u002F\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EHow does ExpressVPN work? Plus how to set it up and use it\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhow-does-surfshark-work-plus-how-to-set-it-up-and-use-it-tutorial\u002F\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EHow does Surfshark work? How to set up and use the VPN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"5e48b96d-8f44-4768-a509-b5653a069d96\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EVPN is an acronym for Virtual Private Network.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe purpose&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.cnet.com\u002Fhow-to\u002Funderstanding-vpns-and-how-to-choose-one\u002F"\u003Eof a VPN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E&nbsp;is to provide you with security and privacy as you communicate over the internet.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHere's the problem with the internet: It's inherently insecure. When the internet was first designed, the priority was to be able to send packets (chunks of data) as reliably as possible. Networking across the country and the world was relatively new, and nodes often went down. Most of the internet's core protocols (communication methods) were designed to route around failure rather than secure data.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe applications you're accustomed to using, whether email, web, messaging, Facebook, etc., are all built on top of that&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fthe-next-generation-internet-protocol-ipv6-gets-real\u002F"\u003EInternet Protocol\u003C\u002Fa\u003E&nbsp;(IP) core. While some standards have developed, not all internet apps are secure. Many still send their information without any security or privacy protection whatsoever.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis leaves any internet user vulnerable to criminals who might steal your banking or credit card information, governments who might want to eavesdrop on their citizens, and other internet users who might want to spy on you for a whole range of nefarious reasons.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA VPN creates a private tunnel over the open internet. The idea is that everything you send is encapsulated in this private communications channel and encrypted so -- even if your packets are intercepted -- they can't be deciphered.&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhow-to-use-a-vpn-to-protect-your-internet-privacy\u002F"\u003EVPNs are powerful and important tools to protect yourself and your data\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, but they have limitations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"What is a VPN?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__5e48b96d-8f44-4768-a509-b5653a069d96\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe1c3"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"5e48b96d-8f44-4768-a509-b5653a069d96","description":"<p>VPN is an acronym for Virtual Private Network.&nbsp;<\u002Fp><p>The purpose&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cnet.com\u002Fhow-to\u002Funderstanding-vpns-and-how-to-choose-one\u002F\\">of a VPN<\u002Fa>&nbsp;is to provide you with security and privacy as you communicate over the internet.<\u002Fp><p>Here's the problem with the internet: It's inherently insecure. When the internet was first designed, the priority was to be able to send packets (chunks of data) as reliably as possible. Networking across the country and the world was relatively new, and nodes often went down. Most of the internet's core protocols (communication methods) were designed to route around failure rather than secure data.<\u002Fp><p>The applications you're accustomed to using, whether email, web, messaging, Facebook, etc., are all built on top of that&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fthe-next-generation-internet-protocol-ipv6-gets-real\u002F\\">Internet Protocol<\u002Fa>&nbsp;(IP) core. While some standards have developed, not all internet apps are secure. Many still send their information without any security or privacy protection whatsoever.<\u002Fp><p>This leaves any internet user vulnerable to criminals who might steal your banking or credit card information, governments who might want to eavesdrop on their citizens, and other internet users who might want to spy on you for a whole range of nefarious reasons.<\u002Fp><p>A VPN creates a private tunnel over the open internet. The idea is that everything you send is encapsulated in this private communications channel and encrypted so -- even if your packets are intercepted -- they can't be deciphered.&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhow-to-use-a-vpn-to-protect-your-internet-privacy\u002F\\">VPNs are powerful and important tools to protect yourself and your data<\u002Fa>, but they have limitations.<\u002Fp>","hed":"What is a VPN?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.027429","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"30b3fe98-959f-467f-9617-9f3013d18f1d\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003ELet's start with the basic idea of internet communication. Suppose you're at your desk and you want to access a website like ZDNet. To do this, your computer initiates a request by sending some packets. If you're in an office, those packets often travel through switches and routers on your \u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fa-simple-wireless-lan-overview\u002F" target="_blank"\u003ELAN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E before they are transferred to the public internet through a router.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOnce on the public internet, those packets travel through a bunch of computers. A separate request is made to a series of name servers to translate the DNS name ZDNet.com to an IP address. That information is sent back to your browser, which then sends the request again through many computers on the public internet. Eventually, it reaches the ZDNet infrastructure, which also routes those packets, grabs a web page (which is a bunch of separate elements), and sends all that back to you.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEach internet request usually results in a whole series of communication events between multiple points. The way a VPN works is by encrypting those packets at the originating point, often hiding the data and the information about your originating IP address. The VPN software on your end then sends those packets to the VPN server at some destination point, decrypting that information.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne of the most important issues in understanding the limits of VPNs is understanding where the endpoint of the VPN server resides. We'll talk about that next.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"How does VPN work?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__30b3fe98-959f-467f-9617-9f3013d18f1d\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe1db"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"30b3fe98-959f-467f-9617-9f3013d18f1d","description":"<p>Let's start with the basic idea of internet communication. Suppose you're at your desk and you want to access a website like ZDNet. To do this, your computer initiates a request by sending some packets. If you're in an office, those packets often travel through switches and routers on your <a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fa-simple-wireless-lan-overview\u002F\\" target=\\"_blank\\">LAN<\u002Fa> before they are transferred to the public internet through a router.<\u002Fp><p>Once on the public internet, those packets travel through a bunch of computers. A separate request is made to a series of name servers to translate the DNS name ZDNet.com to an IP address. That information is sent back to your browser, which then sends the request again through many computers on the public internet. Eventually, it reaches the ZDNet infrastructure, which also routes those packets, grabs a web page (which is a bunch of separate elements), and sends all that back to you.<\u002Fp><p>Each internet request usually results in a whole series of communication events between multiple points. The way a VPN works is by encrypting those packets at the originating point, often hiding the data and the information about your originating IP address. The VPN software on your end then sends those packets to the VPN server at some destination point, decrypting that information.<\u002Fp><p>One of the most important issues in understanding the limits of VPNs is understanding where the endpoint of the VPN server resides. We'll talk about that next.<\u002Fp>","hed":"How does VPN work?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.048581","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"fc07a34e-6763-4e0a-9477-9a3207b5db13\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EMost of us are familiar with the concept of a LAN, a local area network. That's the private network inside one physical location -- be it a home, a corporate building, or a campus. But many businesses don't run out of one location. They have branch offices, departments, and divisions that are geographically dispersed.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn many cases, each of these offices also has LANs. But how do the LANs connect? For some very specialized solutions, companies lease private lines to connect the offices. That can be very expensive. Instead, most companies opt to connect separated private LANs over the public internet geographically. To protect their data, they set up VPNs between offices, encrypting the data as it traverses the public internet.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is a corporate or enterprise VPN, and it's characterized by the same organization controlling both endpoints of the VPN. If your company controls the originating point (say a sales office) and the endpoint (like a VPN server at your corporate HQ), you can be quite well assured (\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fcisco-this-vpn-bug-has-a-10-out-of-10-severity-rating-so-patch-it-now\u002F"\u003Eunless there's a bug\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) that your data is securely transmitted.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe second type of VPN is a consumer VPN. This is for those of you who compute in hotels or at coffee shops and connect to web applications like social networks, email, banks, or shopping sites. Consumer VPN services help ensure that those communications are protected.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"What are the two main types of VPNs?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__fc07a34e-6763-4e0a-9477-9a3207b5db13\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe1f1"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"fc07a34e-6763-4e0a-9477-9a3207b5db13","description":"<p>Most of us are familiar with the concept of a LAN, a local area network. That's the private network inside one physical location -- be it a home, a corporate building, or a campus. But many businesses don't run out of one location. They have branch offices, departments, and divisions that are geographically dispersed.<\u002Fp><p>In many cases, each of these offices also has LANs. But how do the LANs connect? For some very specialized solutions, companies lease private lines to connect the offices. That can be very expensive. Instead, most companies opt to connect separated private LANs over the public internet geographically. To protect their data, they set up VPNs between offices, encrypting the data as it traverses the public internet.<\u002Fp><p>This is a corporate or enterprise VPN, and it's characterized by the same organization controlling both endpoints of the VPN. If your company controls the originating point (say a sales office) and the endpoint (like a VPN server at your corporate HQ), you can be quite well assured (<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fcisco-this-vpn-bug-has-a-10-out-of-10-severity-rating-so-patch-it-now\u002F\\">unless there's a bug<\u002Fa>) that your data is securely transmitted.<\u002Fp><p>The second type of VPN is a consumer VPN. This is for those of you who compute in hotels or at coffee shops and connect to web applications like social networks, email, banks, or shopping sites. Consumer VPN services help ensure that those communications are protected.<\u002Fp>","hed":"What are the two main types of VPNs?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.062887","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"c33fe2c2-0749-4e2e-acd7-f2f6de01d8e8\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EA consumer VPN service is, fundamentally, a&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fwhat-is-cloud-computing-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-cloud\u002F"\u003Esoftware-as-a-service (SaaS) offering\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The VPN service provides a secure tunnel between your computing device (whether laptop, phone, or tablet) and the provider's data center.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is important to understand. Consumer VPN services protect your transmission from your location to their location, not from your location to the destination application you're using. If you think about it, this makes sense: A consumer VPN service is operated by a completely different company than, for example, Facebook or your bank.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe VPN service gives you an app that you run on your local device, which encrypts your data, and it travels in its encrypted form through a tunnel to the VPN service provider's infrastructure. At that point, the data is decrypted and sent on its way.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETwo things happen here: First, if you're using an https connection, your data is encrypted by your browser and then by your VPN app. Your data is decrypted only once at the VPN data centre, leaving the original encryption provided by the browser intact. That encrypted data then goes on to the destination application, like your bank.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe second thing that happens is that the web application you're talking to does not get to see your IP address. Instead, it sees an IP address owned by the VPN service. This allows you some level of anonymous networking. This IP spoofing is also used to trick applications into thinking you're located in a different region or even a different country than you are located in. There are reasons (both illegal and legal) to do this. We'll discuss that in a bit.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"What does a consumer VPN service do?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__c33fe2c2-0749-4e2e-acd7-f2f6de01d8e8\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe206"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"c33fe2c2-0749-4e2e-acd7-f2f6de01d8e8","description":"<p>A consumer VPN service is, fundamentally, a&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fwhat-is-cloud-computing-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-cloud\u002F\\">software-as-a-service (SaaS) offering<\u002Fa>. The VPN service provides a secure tunnel between your computing device (whether laptop, phone, or tablet) and the provider's data center.<\u002Fp><p>This is important to understand. Consumer VPN services protect your transmission from your location to their location, not from your location to the destination application you're using. If you think about it, this makes sense: A consumer VPN service is operated by a completely different company than, for example, Facebook or your bank.<\u002Fp><p>The VPN service gives you an app that you run on your local device, which encrypts your data, and it travels in its encrypted form through a tunnel to the VPN service provider's infrastructure. At that point, the data is decrypted and sent on its way.<\u002Fp><p>Two things happen here: First, if you're using an https connection, your data is encrypted by your browser and then by your VPN app. Your data is decrypted only once at the VPN data centre, leaving the original encryption provided by the browser intact. That encrypted data then goes on to the destination application, like your bank.<\u002Fp><p>The second thing that happens is that the web application you're talking to does not get to see your IP address. Instead, it sees an IP address owned by the VPN service. This allows you some level of anonymous networking. This IP spoofing is also used to trick applications into thinking you're located in a different region or even a different country than you are located in. There are reasons (both illegal and legal) to do this. We'll discuss that in a bit.<\u002Fp>","hed":"What does a consumer VPN service do?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.076784","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"e83be01a-6455-47c1-a1be-66564e76cad1\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EShould I trust this VPN provider? More often than not, you can't and shouldn't.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWe've already discussed the use of a VPN when connecting offices. Any time you have two LANs that need to link over the public internet, you should consider using VPN technology or an&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.techrepublic.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhow-duo-beyond-wants-to-remove-the-network-perimeter-and-get-rid-of-the-vpn\u002F"\u003Eequivalent method of enterprise protection\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. In this case, the VPN software will probably run in a router, a server, or a dedicated VPN server hardware appliance.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWe talked about two use cases above for consumer VPN services: Protecting your data and spoofing your location. We'll talk more about location spoofing later, so let's focus on data protection for now.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen you're away from home or the office, and you connect to the internet, you'll most often be doing so via Wi-Fi provided by your hotel or the restaurant, library, or coffee shop you're working out of at that moment. Sometimes, Wi-Fi has a password. Other times, it will be completely open. In either case, you have no idea who else is accessing that network. Therefore, you have no idea who might be snooping on your internet traffic, browsing history or online activity.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI recommend always using a VPN when using someone else's Wi-Fi network. Here's a good rule of thumb: If you're away from the office or home, and you're using someone else's Wi-Fi (even that of a family member or a friend, because you never know if they've been compromised), use a VPN. It's particularly important if you're accessing a service that has personally-identifying&nbsp;information. Remember, a lot goes on behind the scenes, and you never really know if one or more of your apps are authenticating in the background and putting your information at risk.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnother reason you might choose to use a VPN is if you have something to hide. This isn't just about folks doing things they shouldn't do. Sometimes people really need to hide information. Take, for example, the person who is worried an employer might discriminate against him or her because of their sexual orientation or medical condition. Another example is a person who needs to go online but is concerned about revealing location information to a person in their life who might be a threat.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnd then, of course, there are those people in restrictive countries who need to hide their activity merely to gain access to the internet without potentially grave penalties.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"When should I use a VPN?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__e83be01a-6455-47c1-a1be-66564e76cad1\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe217"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"e83be01a-6455-47c1-a1be-66564e76cad1","description":"<p>Should I trust this VPN provider? More often than not, you can't and shouldn't.<\u002Fp><p>We've already discussed the use of a VPN when connecting offices. Any time you have two LANs that need to link over the public internet, you should consider using VPN technology or an&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.techrepublic.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhow-duo-beyond-wants-to-remove-the-network-perimeter-and-get-rid-of-the-vpn\u002F\\">equivalent method of enterprise protection<\u002Fa>. In this case, the VPN software will probably run in a router, a server, or a dedicated VPN server hardware appliance.<\u002Fp><p>We talked about two use cases above for consumer VPN services: Protecting your data and spoofing your location. We'll talk more about location spoofing later, so let's focus on data protection for now.<\u002Fp><p>When you're away from home or the office, and you connect to the internet, you'll most often be doing so via Wi-Fi provided by your hotel or the restaurant, library, or coffee shop you're working out of at that moment. Sometimes, Wi-Fi has a password. Other times, it will be completely open. In either case, you have no idea who else is accessing that network. Therefore, you have no idea who might be snooping on your internet traffic, browsing history or online activity.<\u002Fp><p>I recommend always using a VPN when using someone else's Wi-Fi network. Here's a good rule of thumb: If you're away from the office or home, and you're using someone else's Wi-Fi (even that of a family member or a friend, because you never know if they've been compromised), use a VPN. It's particularly important if you're accessing a service that has personally-identifying&nbsp;information. Remember, a lot goes on behind the scenes, and you never really know if one or more of your apps are authenticating in the background and putting your information at risk.<\u002Fp><p>Another reason you might choose to use a VPN is if you have something to hide. This isn't just about folks doing things they shouldn't do. Sometimes people really need to hide information. Take, for example, the person who is worried an employer might discriminate against him or her because of their sexual orientation or medical condition. Another example is a person who needs to go online but is concerned about revealing location information to a person in their life who might be a threat.<\u002Fp><p>And then, of course, there are those people in restrictive countries who need to hide their activity merely to gain access to the internet without potentially grave penalties.<\u002Fp>","hed":"When should I use a VPN?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.092381","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"cbd82eaf-a60e-498a-8cf5-a2d26b91813c\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EThere are some good&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fwant-more-privacy-online-protonmail-brings-its-free-vpn-to-android\u002F"\u003Efree VPN services\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, but&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fwhy-free-vpns-are-not-a-risk-worth-taking\u002F"\u003EI avoid all free VPNs\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhy? It costs a lot to provide the infrastructure to operate a VPN service, from the network pipes to the servers. That infrastructure has to be paid for somehow. If user fees do not pay for it, advertising, data gathering, or some nastier reason are likely to be paid for.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHere's another reason not to use a free service, and this one is a lot scarier:&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhola-a-free-vpn-with-a-side-of-botnet\u002F"\u003EMalware providers and criminal organizations have set up free VPN services\u003C\u002Fa\u003E&nbsp;that not only don't protect you but actively harvest personal data, and either use it or sell it to the highest bidder. Instead of being protected, you're being plundered.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"Are the free VPN services any good?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__cbd82eaf-a60e-498a-8cf5-a2d26b91813c\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe229"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"cbd82eaf-a60e-498a-8cf5-a2d26b91813c","description":"<p>There are some good&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fwant-more-privacy-online-protonmail-brings-its-free-vpn-to-android\u002F\\">free VPN services<\u002Fa>, but&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fwhy-free-vpns-are-not-a-risk-worth-taking\u002F\\">I avoid all free VPNs<\u002Fa>.<\u002Fp><p>Why? It costs a lot to provide the infrastructure to operate a VPN service, from the network pipes to the servers. That infrastructure has to be paid for somehow. If user fees do not pay for it, advertising, data gathering, or some nastier reason are likely to be paid for.<\u002Fp><p>Here's another reason not to use a free service, and this one is a lot scarier:&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhola-a-free-vpn-with-a-side-of-botnet\u002F\\">Malware providers and criminal organizations have set up free VPN services<\u002Fa>&nbsp;that not only don't protect you but actively harvest personal data, and either use it or sell it to the highest bidder. Instead of being protected, you're being plundered.<\u002Fp>","hed":"Are the free VPN services any good?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.107164","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"b9d17c94-14c7-48e1-acf9-252ce6d0f8c0\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003ETo be fair, not all pay VPN services are legitimate, either. It's important to be careful about which you choose. I've put together&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F"\u003Ean always up-to-date directory\u003C\u002Fa\u003E&nbsp;of quality VPN providers. Some are better than others (and that's reflected in their ratings). But all are legitimate companies that provide quality service.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBeyond my directory, it's always good practice to \u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Ftopic\u002Fgoogle\u002F" target="_blank"\u003EGoogle\u003C\u002Fa\u003E a company or product name and read the user reviews. If you see a huge number of old complaints or new complaints suddenly start showing up, it might be that there's been a change of management or policies. When I'm looking for a service, I always base my decision partially on professional reviews and partially based on the tone of user reviews.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFinally, be sure to choose a service with the capabilities&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F"\u003Ethat meet your needs\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. You may need one or more features only provided by certain services. So, think through your needs as you make a decision.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"What's the best way to choose a VPN service?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__b9d17c94-14c7-48e1-acf9-252ce6d0f8c0\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe23e"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"b9d17c94-14c7-48e1-acf9-252ce6d0f8c0","description":"<p>To be fair, not all pay VPN services are legitimate, either. It's important to be careful about which you choose. I've put together&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F\\">an always up-to-date directory<\u002Fa>&nbsp;of quality VPN providers. Some are better than others (and that's reflected in their ratings). But all are legitimate companies that provide quality service.<\u002Fp><p>Beyond my directory, it's always good practice to <a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Ftopic\u002Fgoogle\u002F\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Google<\u002Fa> a company or product name and read the user reviews. If you see a huge number of old complaints or new complaints suddenly start showing up, it might be that there's been a change of management or policies. When I'm looking for a service, I always base my decision partially on professional reviews and partially based on the tone of user reviews.<\u002Fp><p>Finally, be sure to choose a service with the capabilities&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F\\">that meet your needs<\u002Fa>. You may need one or more features only provided by certain services. So, think through your needs as you make a decision.<\u002Fp>","hed":"What's the best way to choose a VPN service?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.121251","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"84072ce6-495d-4a5b-a662-3b1ecd6427d9\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EOh,&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fvpns-are-not-as-private-as-the-name-suggests-csiro\u002F"\u003Eheck no\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. A VPN can help ensure you're not snooped on when connecting between your computer and a website. But the website itself is quite capable of some serious privacy violations. For example, a VPN can't protect you against a website setting a tracking cookie that will tell other websites about you. A VPN can't protect you against a website recording information about products you're interested in. A VPN can't protect you against a website that sells your email address to list brokers. Yada, yada, yada.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhow-to-use-a-vpn-to-protect-your-internet-privacy\u002F"\u003EVPN does help protect you\u003C\u002Fa\u003E&nbsp;in the situations we've discussed in previous sections. But don't expect a VPN to be a magical privacy shield that will keep everything you do private and confidential. There are many, many ways your privacy can be compromised, and a&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Ffor-internet-privacy-a-vpn-will-not-save-you\u002F"\u003EVPN will be of only partial help\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"Can a VPN guarantee my privacy?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__84072ce6-495d-4a5b-a662-3b1ecd6427d9\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe252"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"84072ce6-495d-4a5b-a662-3b1ecd6427d9","description":"<p>Oh,&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fvpns-are-not-as-private-as-the-name-suggests-csiro\u002F\\">heck no<\u002Fa>. A VPN can help ensure you're not snooped on when connecting between your computer and a website. But the website itself is quite capable of some serious privacy violations. For example, a VPN can't protect you against a website setting a tracking cookie that will tell other websites about you. A VPN can't protect you against a website recording information about products you're interested in. A VPN can't protect you against a website that sells your email address to list brokers. Yada, yada, yada.<\u002Fp><p>A&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhow-to-use-a-vpn-to-protect-your-internet-privacy\u002F\\">VPN does help protect you<\u002Fa>&nbsp;in the situations we've discussed in previous sections. But don't expect a VPN to be a magical privacy shield that will keep everything you do private and confidential. There are many, many ways your privacy can be compromised, and a&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Ffor-internet-privacy-a-vpn-will-not-save-you\u002F\\">VPN will be of only partial help<\u002Fa>.<\u002Fp>","hed":"Can a VPN guarantee my privacy?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.134871","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"9444b761-c109-41e3-8d54-ec6c3c02f0b3\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EThat would be a definite maybe. Here's the thing: Back in the day, the process of encrypting and decrypting packets would take a toll on CPU performance. Most current CPUs are now fast enough that most crypto algorithms can run without much of an impact on processor performance.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHowever, network performance is another thing entirely. First, keep in mind that if you're using a VPN, you're probably using it at a public location. That public Wi-Fi service is likely to range in performance somewhere between "meh" and unusable. So, just the fact that you're remotely working on a mediocre network will reduce performance. But then, if you connect to a VPN in a different country, the connection between countries is also likely to degrade network performance. Server locations matter.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMy rule of thumb is to use a domestic VPN and connect to servers as close to my location as possible. That said, I have had good nights and bad nights getting online. On my recent trip, I found most hotels' networks to become unusable after about 9pm. My theory is that many of the guests were watching Netflix at that time, completely clogging the hotels' pipes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"Will VPN software slow down my computer?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__9444b761-c109-41e3-8d54-ec6c3c02f0b3\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe267"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"9444b761-c109-41e3-8d54-ec6c3c02f0b3","description":"<p>That would be a definite maybe. Here's the thing: Back in the day, the process of encrypting and decrypting packets would take a toll on CPU performance. Most current CPUs are now fast enough that most crypto algorithms can run without much of an impact on processor performance.<\u002Fp><p>However, network performance is another thing entirely. First, keep in mind that if you're using a VPN, you're probably using it at a public location. That public Wi-Fi service is likely to range in performance somewhere between \\"meh\\" and unusable. So, just the fact that you're remotely working on a mediocre network will reduce performance. But then, if you connect to a VPN in a different country, the connection between countries is also likely to degrade network performance. Server locations matter.<\u002Fp><p>My rule of thumb is to use a domestic VPN and connect to servers as close to my location as possible. That said, I have had good nights and bad nights getting online. On my recent trip, I found most hotels' networks to become unusable after about 9pm. My theory is that many of the guests were watching Netflix at that time, completely clogging the hotels' pipes.<\u002Fp>","hed":"Will VPN software slow down my computer?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.148331","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cbr\u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"b84a9af0-66ad-406d-8248-7b1c4dbab47b\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003ESome do. Some don't.&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F"\u003ELook at that directory I mentioned earlier\u003C\u002Fa\u003E&nbsp;because that's one of the factors where a service might lose some points.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESome VPN services will limit the total amount of data you can send and receive, either in one connection session or over a month. Other VPN services will limit the speed of the data, effectively sharing less of their pipe with you than might be optimal. That could slow your browsing experience to a crawl or completely prevent you from watching streaming videos through streaming services.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUsually, it's the free services that throttle your usage in these ways. Some paid services will offer a trial, where you can transmit up to a certain data cap before being asked to sign up as a paying customer. That's actually pretty cool because it gives you a chance to try out the performance of their service before paying, but it also gives the vendor a chance to make money necessary to operate the service.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMany VPN services claim that they'll provide you with unlimited data transmission if you pay their fee and won't throttle your speeds. Generally, this is true, but I'll give you my standard "unlimited bandwidth" warning: It's been my experience that when a vendor says something is "unlimited," it's almost always limited. Somewhere, there will be a note in the fine print or terms of service that allows the vendor to limit you in some way. It pays to read those agreements.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"Do VPN service providers limit usage and how?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__b84a9af0-66ad-406d-8248-7b1c4dbab47b\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe27c"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"b84a9af0-66ad-406d-8248-7b1c4dbab47b","description":"<p>Some do. Some don't.&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F\\">Look at that directory I mentioned earlier<\u002Fa>&nbsp;because that's one of the factors where a service might lose some points.<\u002Fp><p>Some VPN services will limit the total amount of data you can send and receive, either in one connection session or over a month. Other VPN services will limit the speed of the data, effectively sharing less of their pipe with you than might be optimal. That could slow your browsing experience to a crawl or completely prevent you from watching streaming videos through streaming services.<\u002Fp><p>Usually, it's the free services that throttle your usage in these ways. Some paid services will offer a trial, where you can transmit up to a certain data cap before being asked to sign up as a paying customer. That's actually pretty cool because it gives you a chance to try out the performance of their service before paying, but it also gives the vendor a chance to make money necessary to operate the service.<\u002Fp><p>Many VPN services claim that they'll provide you with unlimited data transmission if you pay their fee and won't throttle your speeds. Generally, this is true, but I'll give you my standard \\"unlimited bandwidth\\" warning: It's been my experience that when a vendor says something is \\"unlimited,\\" it's almost always limited. Somewhere, there will be a note in the fine print or terms of service that allows the vendor to limit you in some way. It pays to read those agreements.<\u002Fp>","hed":"Do VPN service providers limit usage and how?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.162974","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"7b3c9a42-bea0-4247-b1f9-838d582efe32\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EIn my&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F"\u003EVPN directory\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, I tracked two types of logging. The first is whether they log traffic, DNS requests, and IP addresses. This is pretty nasty stuff. If a VPN service logs this, they would have the information you might choose to hide, like sites you visit, locations where you are, and possibly even information you might be sending.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAlthough the use of these services will still protect you from Wi-Fi spies in your hotel or restaurant, I can't recommend signing up for any service that does DNS, traffic, or IP logging. There are better, more private options.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe second type of logging is more benign. VPN services that log bandwidth usage and connection timestamp data usually do so either to tune their own systems or manage any abuse of their services.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI have less of a concern with services that just monitor bandwidth usage, as long as they don't store any specifics. That said, we gave top marks to those services that don't do any logging. When I choose a VPN service, those are the services I pick for my use.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"How private are VPNs? Do they log everything I do?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__7b3c9a42-bea0-4247-b1f9-838d582efe32\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe291"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"7b3c9a42-bea0-4247-b1f9-838d582efe32","description":"<p>In my&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F\\">VPN directory<\u002Fa>, I tracked two types of logging. The first is whether they log traffic, DNS requests, and IP addresses. This is pretty nasty stuff. If a VPN service logs this, they would have the information you might choose to hide, like sites you visit, locations where you are, and possibly even information you might be sending.<\u002Fp><p>Although the use of these services will still protect you from Wi-Fi spies in your hotel or restaurant, I can't recommend signing up for any service that does DNS, traffic, or IP logging. There are better, more private options.<\u002Fp><p>The second type of logging is more benign. VPN services that log bandwidth usage and connection timestamp data usually do so either to tune their own systems or manage any abuse of their services.<\u002Fp><p>I have less of a concern with services that just monitor bandwidth usage, as long as they don't store any specifics. That said, we gave top marks to those services that don't do any logging. When I choose a VPN service, those are the services I pick for my use.<\u002Fp>","hed":"How private are VPNs? Do they log everything I do?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.177412","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"11d16182-8e1f-4d01-984f-407b60ace507\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003ENet neutrality has been severely under fire in the US. The&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Ffcc-revisited-net-neutrality-changes-are-misleading-and-not-benign-says-gewirtz\u002F"\u003EFederal Communications Commission (FCC) has eliminated many of the consumer protections\u003C\u002Fa\u003E&nbsp;against internet service providers (ISPs) harvesting traffic data and selling that data to advertisers, or worse.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis could be bad. I'm not terribly concerned if Comcast discovers my secret passion for muscle cars and I get more ads for car customizing kits. It might be annoying, but I'm not doing anything I want to hide. The problem could occur if ISPs start inserting their own ads in place of ads by, say, ZDNet. That could cut off the revenue that keeps websites alive, and that&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fwelcome-back-sneaker-net-why-neutrality-repeal-will-drive-us-to-the-edge\u002F"\u003Ecould have very serious repercussions\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs for personal use and whether you should use a VPN at home because of net neutrality, I don't think we're there... yet. Certainly, if you're working on confidential information and connecting to work, you should use a VPN. But we haven't yet seen any evidence of ISPs being so intrusive that always-on VPNs are required at home.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EStay tuned to this guide because if that changes, we'll let you know.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"What do net neutrality changes mean for my VPN usage?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__11d16182-8e1f-4d01-984f-407b60ace507\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe2a4"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"11d16182-8e1f-4d01-984f-407b60ace507","description":"<p>Net neutrality has been severely under fire in the US. The&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Ffcc-revisited-net-neutrality-changes-are-misleading-and-not-benign-says-gewirtz\u002F\\">Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has eliminated many of the consumer protections<\u002Fa>&nbsp;against internet service providers (ISPs) harvesting traffic data and selling that data to advertisers, or worse.&nbsp;<\u002Fp><p>This could be bad. I'm not terribly concerned if Comcast discovers my secret passion for muscle cars and I get more ads for car customizing kits. It might be annoying, but I'm not doing anything I want to hide. The problem could occur if ISPs start inserting their own ads in place of ads by, say, ZDNet. That could cut off the revenue that keeps websites alive, and that&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fwelcome-back-sneaker-net-why-neutrality-repeal-will-drive-us-to-the-edge\u002F\\">could have very serious repercussions<\u002Fa>.<\u002Fp><p>As for personal use and whether you should use a VPN at home because of net neutrality, I don't think we're there... yet. Certainly, if you're working on confidential information and connecting to work, you should use a VPN. But we haven't yet seen any evidence of ISPs being so intrusive that always-on VPNs are required at home.<\u002Fp><p>Stay tuned to this guide because if that changes, we'll let you know.<\u002Fp>","hed":"What do net neutrality changes mean for my VPN usage?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.189848","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"1373f09a-6170-476d-852d-4306f6e4df8b\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EThat depends. VPN use is legal in most countries, but, according to&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fblog.cyberghostvpn.com\u002Fen\u002Fcountries-where-vpns-are-illegal\u002F"\u003EVPN provider CyberGhost\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, VPN use is illegal in the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, China, Iran, North Korea, Saudi Arabia,&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fputin-bans-vpn-use-in-russia\u002F"\u003Eand Russia\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Vladimir Putin has recently banned VPN use in Russia. Also, be aware that the so-called&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fwhy-a-proxy-server-cant-protect-you-like-a-vpn-can\u002F"\u003Eproxy server alternative to VPNs\u003C\u002Fa\u003E&nbsp;is also illegal in many countries, which consider any form of IP spoofing to be illegal, not just those services labeled as VPN.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERestrictions vary, as do penalties.&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fentrepreneurs-and-students-stifled-under-chinas-internet-controls-report\u002F"\u003EChina allows certain approved VPNs\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. In the&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fgetting-caught-in-the-uae-using-a-vpn-will-cost-you-over-500000\u002F"\u003EUAE, if you use a VPN, you could go to jail or be fined a minimum of more than the equivalent of $100,000.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDefinitely research this before you visit a country. Many travelers mistakenly&nbsp;believe that just because they're not citizens, and all they're doing is linking back to a corporate system, they should be able to have unrestricted use of VPN software. This is a mistake.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe bottom line: Check the laws of the country you're in before connecting. It's also a good idea to check with your VPN provider, both for insight into whether it knows if there are issues and whether it'll support connectivity from the country you're visiting.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"Is it legal to use a VPN?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__1373f09a-6170-476d-852d-4306f6e4df8b\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe2b6"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"1373f09a-6170-476d-852d-4306f6e4df8b","description":"<p>That depends. VPN use is legal in most countries, but, according to&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fblog.cyberghostvpn.com\u002Fen\u002Fcountries-where-vpns-are-illegal\u002F\\">VPN provider CyberGhost<\u002Fa>, VPN use is illegal in the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, China, Iran, North Korea, Saudi Arabia,&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fputin-bans-vpn-use-in-russia\u002F\\">and Russia<\u002Fa>. Vladimir Putin has recently banned VPN use in Russia. Also, be aware that the so-called&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fwhy-a-proxy-server-cant-protect-you-like-a-vpn-can\u002F\\">proxy server alternative to VPNs<\u002Fa>&nbsp;is also illegal in many countries, which consider any form of IP spoofing to be illegal, not just those services labeled as VPN.<\u002Fp><p>Restrictions vary, as do penalties.&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fentrepreneurs-and-students-stifled-under-chinas-internet-controls-report\u002F\\">China allows certain approved VPNs<\u002Fa>. In the&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fgetting-caught-in-the-uae-using-a-vpn-will-cost-you-over-500000\u002F\\">UAE, if you use a VPN, you could go to jail or be fined a minimum of more than the equivalent of $100,000.<\u002Fa><\u002Fp><p>Definitely research this before you visit a country. Many travelers mistakenly&nbsp;believe that just because they're not citizens, and all they're doing is linking back to a corporate system, they should be able to have unrestricted use of VPN software. This is a mistake.<\u002Fp><p>The bottom line: Check the laws of the country you're in before connecting. It's also a good idea to check with your VPN provider, both for insight into whether it knows if there are issues and whether it'll support connectivity from the country you're visiting.<\u002Fp>","hed":"Is it legal to use a VPN?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.204680","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"eafcdad7-2689-4240-9b9b-9f14fab3785d\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EYes. It is almost totally unlikely that each room is on a dedicated subnet, so that means packets are traveling across a network shared by other guests. In addition, you never know whether someone in the front office has set up a packet sniffer for the express purpose of mining guest information.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESo, yes, use a VPN, even if there's a hard-wired connection to the wall.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"Do I need to use a VPN if my hotel has a wired internet connection?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__eafcdad7-2689-4240-9b9b-9f14fab3785d\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe2c9"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"eafcdad7-2689-4240-9b9b-9f14fab3785d","description":"<p>Yes. It is almost totally unlikely that each room is on a dedicated subnet, so that means packets are traveling across a network shared by other guests. In addition, you never know whether someone in the front office has set up a packet sniffer for the express purpose of mining guest information.<\u002Fp><p>So, yes, use a VPN, even if there's a hard-wired connection to the wall.<\u002Fp>","hed":"Do I need to use a VPN if my hotel has a wired internet connection?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.217813","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"229a1a80-7ffa-4047-8110-87e0441b1572\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EIf you're trying to connect to your on-premises corporate network, you'll most likely be assigned&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttp:\u002F\u002Fwww.techproresearch.com\u002Fdownloads\u002Fintrusion-detection-policy\u002F"\u003Ea VPN application by your IT department\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. This will allow you to establish a point-to-point connection between your local device and a server owned and operated by your company.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut, if your company is cloud-based, and you're connecting to SaaS applications like Salesforce or Google, you should probably use a VPN service since you're not actually connecting to your company but instead to a public cloud application.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIf your IT department does not specifically identify a VPN service you should use for accessing their public cloud applications, definitely look at our&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F"\u003EVPN directory\u003C\u002Fa\u003E&nbsp;and choose one of the higher-rated service providers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"Will a VPN service help me connect securely to my office network?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__229a1a80-7ffa-4047-8110-87e0441b1572\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe2e1"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"229a1a80-7ffa-4047-8110-87e0441b1572","description":"<p>If you're trying to connect to your on-premises corporate network, you'll most likely be assigned&nbsp;<a href=\\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.techproresearch.com\u002Fdownloads\u002Fintrusion-detection-policy\u002F\\">a VPN application by your IT department<\u002Fa>. This will allow you to establish a point-to-point connection between your local device and a server owned and operated by your company.<\u002Fp><p>But, if your company is cloud-based, and you're connecting to SaaS applications like Salesforce or Google, you should probably use a VPN service since you're not actually connecting to your company but instead to a public cloud application.<\u002Fp><p>If your IT department does not specifically identify a VPN service you should use for accessing their public cloud applications, definitely look at our&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F\\">VPN directory<\u002Fa>&nbsp;and choose one of the higher-rated service providers.<\u002Fp>","hed":"Will a VPN service help me connect securely to my office network?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.232032","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"6e57a17b-ad81-42a3-b5bf-88e0b1eaaca5\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003ELet's talk about what happens when you use a VPN app on your computer or mobile device. Any VPN app will require an existing network connection to be able to connect to the VPN service provider. This means that even if you set your VPN app to automatically launch when your device boots, there will be a period when your computer is connected to the internet directly, not through your VPN.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESome background services can send information across that initial, unsecured connection before the VPN loads. To be fair, the risk is relatively minor for most usage profiles. If you're establishing a connection automatically to your corporate server, you will want to check with your IT team about how they want you to set things up.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIf you are interested in an added level of protection, there are intriguing gadgets called&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttp:\u002F\u002Fwww.tinyhardwarefirewall.com\u002F"\u003ETiny Hardware Firewalls\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. These devices range from about $30 to $70 and connect via a network port or a USB slot to your laptop. They make the initial network connection, and so your computer's communication is always blocked before it calls out to the internet.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"Can I get away with a VPN app, or do I need to bring my own router\u002F bridge\u002F dongle?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__6e57a17b-ad81-42a3-b5bf-88e0b1eaaca5\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe2f5"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"6e57a17b-ad81-42a3-b5bf-88e0b1eaaca5","description":"<p>Let's talk about what happens when you use a VPN app on your computer or mobile device. Any VPN app will require an existing network connection to be able to connect to the VPN service provider. This means that even if you set your VPN app to automatically launch when your device boots, there will be a period when your computer is connected to the internet directly, not through your VPN.<\u002Fp><p>Some background services can send information across that initial, unsecured connection before the VPN loads. To be fair, the risk is relatively minor for most usage profiles. If you're establishing a connection automatically to your corporate server, you will want to check with your IT team about how they want you to set things up.<\u002Fp><p>If you are interested in an added level of protection, there are intriguing gadgets called&nbsp;<a href=\\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.tinyhardwarefirewall.com\u002F\\">Tiny Hardware Firewalls<\u002Fa>. These devices range from about $30 to $70 and connect via a network port or a USB slot to your laptop. They make the initial network connection, and so your computer's communication is always blocked before it calls out to the internet.<\u002Fp>","hed":"Can I get away with a VPN app, or do I need to bring my own router\u002F bridge\u002F dongle?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.245829","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"6ab1af83-bc2a-4429-bba0-d9a66654e38c\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EBoth Android and iOS come with basic VPN capabilities to allow you to connect to your corporate networks securely. Your IT organization will generally advise you when you should use this feature, but as we've discussed, when away from your home or office, and especially if you're using an open, public Wi-Fi connection, you should.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIf you're connecting to web applications like email or Facebook, you should consider using a VPN service -- particularly if you're connecting via an open Wi-Fi network. Most good VPN services offer both iOS and Android clients.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"Should I use a VPN on my phone or tablet?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__6ab1af83-bc2a-4429-bba0-d9a66654e38c\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe307"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"6ab1af83-bc2a-4429-bba0-d9a66654e38c","description":"<p>Both Android and iOS come with basic VPN capabilities to allow you to connect to your corporate networks securely. Your IT organization will generally advise you when you should use this feature, but as we've discussed, when away from your home or office, and especially if you're using an open, public Wi-Fi connection, you should.<\u002Fp><p>If you're connecting to web applications like email or Facebook, you should consider using a VPN service -- particularly if you're connecting via an open Wi-Fi network. Most good VPN services offer both iOS and Android clients.<\u002Fp>","hed":"Should I use a VPN on my phone or tablet?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.260313","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"df65f409-f653-491b-a1b2-cecc92399374\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EThat depends. Once again, your corporate IT department will let you know their policy for connection directly to their corporate network. Usually, you'll use the VPN client built into your device's operating system for that.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut here's the thing: It's up to how much you trust your carrier, where you're located in the world, and how secure you want to be. The carriers (net neutrality notwithstanding) can generally be relied upon to provide a secure connection from your phone to their network in the US.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThat said, it is possible to compromise wireless phone service with a&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fdozens-of-popular-iphone-apps-vulnerable-to-man-in-the-middle-attacks\u002F"\u003Eman-in-the-middle attack\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. This situation occurs when a malevolent actor places a device designed to confuse your phone and cause your phone to connect to what it thinks is the phone network, but, in fact, it's a device designed for spying.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOutside the US, it depends on what country you're in. If you are really concerned about security, simply avoid bringing any devices into a foreign nation that you intend to use after your trip. Those devices can be compromised in the country or during customs inspections.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELikewise, if you're connecting via a nation's local carrier, that carrier may be intercepting your traffic, particularly if you're a non-native of that nation. In that situation, if you must connect back to applications and services at home, using a VPN is quite literally the least you can do. Also, keep in mind that if you use your phone's hotspot to connect your computer to the internet, you'll want to use a VPN on your computer as well.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFinally, as we covered earlier in this guide, it's worth reminding you that some countries consider VPN use illegal. If you're planning on traveling, be sure to research local laws exhaustively.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"Do I need a VPN if I'm connecting my phone via LTE?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__df65f409-f653-491b-a1b2-cecc92399374\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe31f"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"df65f409-f653-491b-a1b2-cecc92399374","description":"<p>That depends. Once again, your corporate IT department will let you know their policy for connection directly to their corporate network. Usually, you'll use the VPN client built into your device's operating system for that.<\u002Fp><p>But here's the thing: It's up to how much you trust your carrier, where you're located in the world, and how secure you want to be. The carriers (net neutrality notwithstanding) can generally be relied upon to provide a secure connection from your phone to their network in the US.<\u002Fp><p>That said, it is possible to compromise wireless phone service with a&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fdozens-of-popular-iphone-apps-vulnerable-to-man-in-the-middle-attacks\u002F\\">man-in-the-middle attack<\u002Fa>. This situation occurs when a malevolent actor places a device designed to confuse your phone and cause your phone to connect to what it thinks is the phone network, but, in fact, it's a device designed for spying.<\u002Fp><p>Outside the US, it depends on what country you're in. If you are really concerned about security, simply avoid bringing any devices into a foreign nation that you intend to use after your trip. Those devices can be compromised in the country or during customs inspections.<\u002Fp><p>Likewise, if you're connecting via a nation's local carrier, that carrier may be intercepting your traffic, particularly if you're a non-native of that nation. In that situation, if you must connect back to applications and services at home, using a VPN is quite literally the least you can do. Also, keep in mind that if you use your phone's hotspot to connect your computer to the internet, you'll want to use a VPN on your computer as well.<\u002Fp><p>Finally, as we covered earlier in this guide, it's worth reminding you that some countries consider VPN use illegal. If you're planning on traveling, be sure to research local laws exhaustively.<\u002Fp>","hed":"Do I need a VPN if I'm connecting my phone via LTE?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.272653","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"8f458d05-628d-403d-b66f-e2838132baad\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EA lot depends on what VPN you're using, how it's set up, and where you're connecting. That said, let's look at the most likely scenario.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERecall that when you're online and connected to an internet application through a VPN, a few things are happening: Your data from your computer to the VPN service is encrypted by the VPN. Your data from the VPN service to the internet application may or may not be encrypted via https, but the VPN service does not encrypt it. And your IP address is spoofed. The online application sees the IP address of the VPN service, not of your laptop.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen a VPN connection drops, you might just lose your connection. But because the internet is very good at routing around failures, what is more likely to happen is your computer will reconnect to the internet application, simply bypassing the VPN service. That means that -- on failure -- your local IP address may "leak out" and be logged by the internet application, and your data may be open to local Wi-Fi hackers at your hotel or wherever you're doing your computing.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere is a reasonably robust solution to that problem, and that's next.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"What happens if a VPN connection fails while I'm on a remote connection?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__8f458d05-628d-403d-b66f-e2838132baad\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe331"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"8f458d05-628d-403d-b66f-e2838132baad","description":"<p>A lot depends on what VPN you're using, how it's set up, and where you're connecting. That said, let's look at the most likely scenario.<\u002Fp><p>Recall that when you're online and connected to an internet application through a VPN, a few things are happening: Your data from your computer to the VPN service is encrypted by the VPN. Your data from the VPN service to the internet application may or may not be encrypted via https, but the VPN service does not encrypt it. And your IP address is spoofed. The online application sees the IP address of the VPN service, not of your laptop.<\u002Fp><p>When a VPN connection drops, you might just lose your connection. But because the internet is very good at routing around failures, what is more likely to happen is your computer will reconnect to the internet application, simply bypassing the VPN service. That means that -- on failure -- your local IP address may \\"leak out\\" and be logged by the internet application, and your data may be open to local Wi-Fi hackers at your hotel or wherever you're doing your computing.<\u002Fp><p>There is a reasonably robust solution to that problem, and that's next.<\u002Fp>","hed":"What happens if a VPN connection fails while I'm on a remote connection?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.285747","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"af0114d1-da2d-4b6a-b45a-468482b6f506\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EPut simply; a VPN kill switch kills your internet connection if it detects that your VPN's connection has failed. There are generally two types of VPN kill switches.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe first runs in the VPN client app on your computer, so if the VPN connection fails while the VPN client app is running,&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.techrepublic.com\u002Farticle\u002Fthis-app-is-one-of-the-best-ways-to-protect-yourself-and-your-data-online\u002F"\u003Ethat VPN client app can turn off the computer or mobile device's internet connection\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. However, if your VPN connection has failed because the VPN client app itself crashed, then the kill switch may not work, and your IP and data may leak onto the internet.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe second type of VPN kill switch is at the operating system level. These are usually driver-level systems that run whether or not the VPN application is running. As such, they provide a bit more protection for your surfing activities.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGiven that so many&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F"\u003EVPN products we reviewed in our directory\u003C\u002Fa\u003E&nbsp;support a kill switch, we recommend choosing a client with a kill switch feature. There may be a slight annoyance if you lose your connection, but that's more than made up for in the added security.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"What does a VPN kill switch do?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__af0114d1-da2d-4b6a-b45a-468482b6f506\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe347"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"af0114d1-da2d-4b6a-b45a-468482b6f506","description":"<p>Put simply; a VPN kill switch kills your internet connection if it detects that your VPN's connection has failed. There are generally two types of VPN kill switches.<\u002Fp><p>The first runs in the VPN client app on your computer, so if the VPN connection fails while the VPN client app is running,&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.techrepublic.com\u002Farticle\u002Fthis-app-is-one-of-the-best-ways-to-protect-yourself-and-your-data-online\u002F\\">that VPN client app can turn off the computer or mobile device's internet connection<\u002Fa>. However, if your VPN connection has failed because the VPN client app itself crashed, then the kill switch may not work, and your IP and data may leak onto the internet.<\u002Fp><p>The second type of VPN kill switch is at the operating system level. These are usually driver-level systems that run whether or not the VPN application is running. As such, they provide a bit more protection for your surfing activities.<\u002Fp><p>Given that so many&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F\\">VPN products we reviewed in our directory<\u002Fa>&nbsp;support a kill switch, we recommend choosing a client with a kill switch feature. There may be a slight annoyance if you lose your connection, but that's more than made up for in the added security.<\u002Fp>","hed":"What does a VPN kill switch do?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.300181","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"49fd62f5-eabe-4efd-85dd-3ccb72dc466d\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EIf you've been shopping for a VPN service, you've undoubtedly come across a bunch of names like SSL, OpenVPN, SSTP, L2TP\u002FIPSec, PPP, PPTP, IKEv2\u002FIPSec, SOCKS5, and more. These are all communication protocols. They are, essentially, the name of the method by which your communication is encrypted and packaged for tunneling to the VPN provider.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere is a lot of debate&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fopenvpn-audit-misses-serious-rce-flaws-researcher-takes-firm-to-task\u002F"\u003Eamong security purists\u003C\u002Fa\u003E&nbsp;about which VPN protocol is better. Some protocols (like PPP and its tunneling variant, PPTP) are old and compromised. Others, like SSTP, are proprietary to one company or another.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMy recommendation -- and the protocol I most often choose to use -- is OpenVPN. OpenVPN is a non-proprietary, open-source implementation of a VPN communication layer protocol. It's well-understood, well-regarded, generally quite secure, and robust. Also, it has the benefit of communicating over port 443, which is the standard port for https communication, which means almost all firewalls will allow OpenVPN traffic -- and most won't even be able to detect that a VPN is being used.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYes, there are certainly other protocol choices, even some that might be more appropriate than OpenVPN in certain situations. But if that's the case, either you've already made that decision, or your IT organization has specified a specific protocol you should use. However, as a default, if you're not sure what to look for, look for OpenVPN.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"What do all those protocol names mean and which one should I choose?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__49fd62f5-eabe-4efd-85dd-3ccb72dc466d\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe358"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"49fd62f5-eabe-4efd-85dd-3ccb72dc466d","description":"<p>If you've been shopping for a VPN service, you've undoubtedly come across a bunch of names like SSL, OpenVPN, SSTP, L2TP\u002FIPSec, PPP, PPTP, IKEv2\u002FIPSec, SOCKS5, and more. These are all communication protocols. They are, essentially, the name of the method by which your communication is encrypted and packaged for tunneling to the VPN provider.<\u002Fp><p>There is a lot of debate&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fopenvpn-audit-misses-serious-rce-flaws-researcher-takes-firm-to-task\u002F\\">among security purists<\u002Fa>&nbsp;about which VPN protocol is better. Some protocols (like PPP and its tunneling variant, PPTP) are old and compromised. Others, like SSTP, are proprietary to one company or another.<\u002Fp><p>My recommendation -- and the protocol I most often choose to use -- is OpenVPN. OpenVPN is a non-proprietary, open-source implementation of a VPN communication layer protocol. It's well-understood, well-regarded, generally quite secure, and robust. Also, it has the benefit of communicating over port 443, which is the standard port for https communication, which means almost all firewalls will allow OpenVPN traffic -- and most won't even be able to detect that a VPN is being used.<\u002Fp><p>Yes, there are certainly other protocol choices, even some that might be more appropriate than OpenVPN in certain situations. But if that's the case, either you've already made that decision, or your IT organization has specified a specific protocol you should use. However, as a default, if you're not sure what to look for, look for OpenVPN.<\u002Fp>","hed":"What do all those protocol names mean and which one should I choose?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.313409","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"a74145f4-4dc7-4b3a-83a0-af912740a338\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EThe term "simultaneous connections" generally refers to the number of devices that can be connected to the VPN service and talk to the internet at once. For example, when I was driving across the country and working in my hotel room at night, I often had both my MacBook Pro and iPad connected to the internet.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI used the MacBook Pro for writing, keeping the iPad open to do searches and find supporting information. Both of these were connected to the internet at one time. This was possible because the VPN service I was using allowed up to three connections to open at once.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is also a good way to provide support for more than one family member on a single subscription. Generally, there's no good reason for a VPN provider to allow less than two or three connections. If your provider only allows one, find another vendor. We gave extra points in our&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F"\u003EVPN directory\u003C\u002Fa\u003E&nbsp;to those vendors who allowed three or more connections.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"What does it mean when a VPN service talks about simultaneous connections?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__a74145f4-4dc7-4b3a-83a0-af912740a338\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe371"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"a74145f4-4dc7-4b3a-83a0-af912740a338","description":"<p>The term \\"simultaneous connections\\" generally refers to the number of devices that can be connected to the VPN service and talk to the internet at once. For example, when I was driving across the country and working in my hotel room at night, I often had both my MacBook Pro and iPad connected to the internet.<\u002Fp><p>I used the MacBook Pro for writing, keeping the iPad open to do searches and find supporting information. Both of these were connected to the internet at one time. This was possible because the VPN service I was using allowed up to three connections to open at once.<\u002Fp><p>This is also a good way to provide support for more than one family member on a single subscription. Generally, there's no good reason for a VPN provider to allow less than two or three connections. If your provider only allows one, find another vendor. We gave extra points in our&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F\\">VPN directory<\u002Fa>&nbsp;to those vendors who allowed three or more connections.<\u002Fp>","hed":"What does it mean when a VPN service talks about simultaneous connections?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.326030","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"6ba088dc-bc93-4c97-b0b3-a94dad2c0829\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EEvery device connected to the public internet is assigned an IP address. It's like a phone number for each device. To be able to connect to the internet, each device needs such an address.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe term "dynamic IP address" means that when a device connects to the internet, it's given an IP address taken from a pool of available addresses. While it's possible to get the same IP address on multiple connections, generally, each time you connect, you'll get a different address.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIf you want to hide your address from the web applications you're connecting to; you'll want a VPN service that provides dynamic IP addresses. In our directory,&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F"\u003Ewe list the number of IP addresses each service offers\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. By using a service with more available IP addresses, the chances of you getting a repeated IP are quite small.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere are some minor disadvantages to using a dynamic IP. If someone who previously had the IP address you've been assigned did something nefarious on a service you use, the IP address might be banned. Usually, VPN providers are cautious about checking their IP addresses against blacklists, so the chances of this being a problem for you are slim.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBy contrast, a static IP address is an address that's assigned to you and only you. Most often, this is needed if you're running a server. Usually, static IP addresses are used in corporate situations and are generally not practical for general remote access, like from a hotel or coffee shop.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUnless you have a specific application that you know needs a static IP, you'll want to be assigned a new dynamic IP address for each VPN session you initiate.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"When should I choose either dynamic or static IP?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__6ba088dc-bc93-4c97-b0b3-a94dad2c0829\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe384"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"6ba088dc-bc93-4c97-b0b3-a94dad2c0829","description":"<p>Every device connected to the public internet is assigned an IP address. It's like a phone number for each device. To be able to connect to the internet, each device needs such an address.<\u002Fp><p>The term \\"dynamic IP address\\" means that when a device connects to the internet, it's given an IP address taken from a pool of available addresses. While it's possible to get the same IP address on multiple connections, generally, each time you connect, you'll get a different address.<\u002Fp><p>If you want to hide your address from the web applications you're connecting to; you'll want a VPN service that provides dynamic IP addresses. In our directory,&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F\\">we list the number of IP addresses each service offers<\u002Fa>. By using a service with more available IP addresses, the chances of you getting a repeated IP are quite small.<\u002Fp><p>There are some minor disadvantages to using a dynamic IP. If someone who previously had the IP address you've been assigned did something nefarious on a service you use, the IP address might be banned. Usually, VPN providers are cautious about checking their IP addresses against blacklists, so the chances of this being a problem for you are slim.<\u002Fp><p>By contrast, a static IP address is an address that's assigned to you and only you. Most often, this is needed if you're running a server. Usually, static IP addresses are used in corporate situations and are generally not practical for general remote access, like from a hotel or coffee shop.<\u002Fp><p>Unless you have a specific application that you know needs a static IP, you'll want to be assigned a new dynamic IP address for each VPN session you initiate.<\u002Fp>","hed":"When should I choose either dynamic or static IP?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.339337","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"273bbdea-aa55-45ca-a465-c4ec3ca61132\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EAs we mentioned in the previous section, you're usually assigned a dynamic IP address from a pool of addresses when you connect to a VPN service. But where are those addresses located? They're attached to servers located, usually, throughout the world.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMost VPN services allow you to connect to server locations in many different countries. In our VPN directory,&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F"\u003Ewe list both the number of servers the service maintains and the number of countries\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. By default, you'll usually be assigned a server located in your home country. Still, if you want to obfuscate your location, you may want to connect to a server located in a different country.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EServer switching is a feature -- offered by most VPN service providers -- that allows you to change what region or country you're going to connect to. Most providers allow you to switch as often as you'd like (although you usually have to disconnect, then change your configuration, and reconnect). This may be useful if you're trying to hide your location or if you're running into some communications glitches on the server you're currently using...\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"What does it mean when a VPN service talks about server switching?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__273bbdea-aa55-45ca-a465-c4ec3ca61132\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe39a"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"273bbdea-aa55-45ca-a465-c4ec3ca61132","description":"<p>As we mentioned in the previous section, you're usually assigned a dynamic IP address from a pool of addresses when you connect to a VPN service. But where are those addresses located? They're attached to servers located, usually, throughout the world.<\u002Fp><p>Most VPN services allow you to connect to server locations in many different countries. In our VPN directory,&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F\\">we list both the number of servers the service maintains and the number of countries<\u002Fa>. By default, you'll usually be assigned a server located in your home country. Still, if you want to obfuscate your location, you may want to connect to a server located in a different country.<\u002Fp><p>Server switching is a feature -- offered by most VPN service providers -- that allows you to change what region or country you're going to connect to. Most providers allow you to switch as often as you'd like (although you usually have to disconnect, then change your configuration, and reconnect). This may be useful if you're trying to hide your location or if you're running into some communications glitches on the server you're currently using...<\u002Fp>","hed":"What does it mean when a VPN service talks about server switching?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.353412","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"03aaaab8-28bc-41c4-8a1e-18bbbe1a52c7\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EBecause the VPN server you're connected to presents&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fwhy-a-proxy-server-cant-protect-you-like-a-vpn-can\u002F"\u003Eits IP address\u003C\u002Fa\u003E&nbsp;to whatever web application you're using, by choosing a server located in a different country, you can represent your connection as if you're in a different country. This may be illegal in certain regions, so use caution when doing this.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn my testing, some VPN providers could successfully hide their originating country or the fact that they were VPNs, but others were not. You'll probably want to do some testing. Of the services where I did in-depth testing,&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fnord-vpn-review-an-in-depth-look-at-a-popular-vpn\u002F"\u003ENordVPN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E&nbsp;and&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhotspot-shield-review-heres-a-vpn-that-actually-lives-to-up-hype\u002F"\u003EHotspot Shield\u003C\u002Fa\u003E&nbsp;could successfully hide their VPN origins, while&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fstrongvpn-review-a-clear-and-easy-to-use-vpn-ideal-for-coffee-shop-use\u002F"\u003EStrongVPN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E&nbsp;and&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fcyberghost-vpn-review-more-than-just-vpn-an-all-in-one-security-kit\u002F"\u003ECyberGhost\u003C\u002Fa\u003E&nbsp;were not.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"Can I use a VPN to spoof my location or country of origin?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__03aaaab8-28bc-41c4-8a1e-18bbbe1a52c7\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe3af"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"03aaaab8-28bc-41c4-8a1e-18bbbe1a52c7","description":"<p>Because the VPN server you're connected to presents&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fwhy-a-proxy-server-cant-protect-you-like-a-vpn-can\u002F\\">its IP address<\u002Fa>&nbsp;to whatever web application you're using, by choosing a server located in a different country, you can represent your connection as if you're in a different country. This may be illegal in certain regions, so use caution when doing this.&nbsp;<\u002Fp><p>In my testing, some VPN providers could successfully hide their originating country or the fact that they were VPNs, but others were not. You'll probably want to do some testing. Of the services where I did in-depth testing,&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fnord-vpn-review-an-in-depth-look-at-a-popular-vpn\u002F\\">NordVPN<\u002Fa>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhotspot-shield-review-heres-a-vpn-that-actually-lives-to-up-hype\u002F\\">Hotspot Shield<\u002Fa>&nbsp;could successfully hide their VPN origins, while&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fstrongvpn-review-a-clear-and-easy-to-use-vpn-ideal-for-coffee-shop-use\u002F\\">StrongVPN<\u002Fa>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fcyberghost-vpn-review-more-than-just-vpn-an-all-in-one-security-kit\u002F\\">CyberGhost<\u002Fa>&nbsp;were not.<\u002Fp>","hed":"Can I use a VPN to spoof my location or country of origin?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.368429","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"b36a5e02-4760-4db1-8087-5ae6c3fc5c51\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003ESometimes it is possible to watch a blacked-out sporting event or other show, although we certainly can't advise you to do so. Spoofing your location to bypass broadcast restrictions may get you in hot water.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAlso, do be aware that some broadcasters have developed increasingly sophisticated methods to determine whether the IP address you represent is the IP address where you're located. The VPN may be able to protect your original IP address from being seen. Still, there are characteristics of proxy communications (like a slightly longer time to transfer packets) that can be used to identify users who are trying to bypass watching restrictions.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"Can I use a VPN to watch a blacked-out program or video?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__b36a5e02-4760-4db1-8087-5ae6c3fc5c51\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe3c0"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"b36a5e02-4760-4db1-8087-5ae6c3fc5c51","description":"<p>Sometimes it is possible to watch a blacked-out sporting event or other show, although we certainly can't advise you to do so. Spoofing your location to bypass broadcast restrictions may get you in hot water.<\u002Fp><p>Also, do be aware that some broadcasters have developed increasingly sophisticated methods to determine whether the IP address you represent is the IP address where you're located. The VPN may be able to protect your original IP address from being seen. Still, there are characteristics of proxy communications (like a slightly longer time to transfer packets) that can be used to identify users who are trying to bypass watching restrictions.<\u002Fp>","hed":"Can I use a VPN to watch a blacked-out program or video?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.383169","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"d1fb7bf9-e3dc-4992-bcbe-3ff74975077c\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003ENo. No. Did I mention... no.&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Ffor-internet-privacy-a-vpn-will-not-save-you\u002F"\u003ENothing is unhackable\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. As evidence...\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn January 2018, Cisco Systems (a very highly respected maker of internet communications hardware)&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fcisco-this-vpn-bug-has-a-10-out-of-10-severity-rating-so-patch-it-now\u002F"\u003Erevealed that a critical bug was found\u003C\u002Fa\u003E&nbsp;in its ASA (Adaptive Security Appliance) software that could allow hackers to execute code remotely.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is a bug in enterprise-level VPN systems used by corporations, so it's severe, indeed. Fortunately, responsible IT administrators can patch their systems to fix the bug. However, it goes to show how no system can be truly deemed absolutely secure.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnother example was a&nbsp;\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fprivacy-flaw-in-hotspot-shield-can-identify-users-locations\u002F"\u003Ebug in Hotspot Shield\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, a popular VPN service. This bug allowed a hacker to expose private information, including originating IP. Hotspot Shield issued an update, which gives us an excuse to remind you that you should always install updates, especially on your VPN client software.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\" hed=\"Is it true that a VPN is completely unhackable?\" imagegroup=\"{}\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__d1fb7bf9-e3dc-4992-bcbe-3ff74975077c\" position=\"NaN\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe3d4"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"d1fb7bf9-e3dc-4992-bcbe-3ff74975077c","description":"<p>No. No. Did I mention... no.&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Ffor-internet-privacy-a-vpn-will-not-save-you\u002F\\">Nothing is unhackable<\u002Fa>. As evidence...<\u002Fp><p>In January 2018, Cisco Systems (a very highly respected maker of internet communications hardware)&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fcisco-this-vpn-bug-has-a-10-out-of-10-severity-rating-so-patch-it-now\u002F\\">revealed that a critical bug was found<\u002Fa>&nbsp;in its ASA (Adaptive Security Appliance) software that could allow hackers to execute code remotely.<\u002Fp><p>This is a bug in enterprise-level VPN systems used by corporations, so it's severe, indeed. Fortunately, responsible IT administrators can patch their systems to fix the bug. However, it goes to show how no system can be truly deemed absolutely secure.<\u002Fp><p>Another example was a&nbsp;<a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fprivacy-flaw-in-hotspot-shield-can-identify-users-locations\u002F\\">bug in Hotspot Shield<\u002Fa>, a popular VPN service. This bug allowed a hacker to expose private information, including originating IP. Hotspot Shield issued an update, which gives us an excuse to remind you that you should always install updates, especially on your VPN client software.<\u002Fp>","hed":"Is it true that a VPN is completely unhackable?","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.396593","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"cnetlisticle\" id=\"1df519dc-61c9-408c-bddf-57482820b322\" edition=\"us\" description=\"\u003Cp\u003EWe've done in-depth reviews of the following VPN services. If you're considering a VPN, you might want to read these articles first:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fnord-vpn-review-an-in-depth-look-at-a-popular-vpn\u002F"\u003ENordVPN review: Sincere about security and privacy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fstrongvpn-review-a-clear-and-easy-to-use-vpn-ideal-for-coffee-shop-use\u002F"\u003EStrongVPN Review: A clear and easy-to-use VPN ideal for coffee shop use\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhotspot-shield-review-heres-a-vpn-that-actually-lives-to-up-hype\u002F"\u003EHotspot Shield review: Here's a VPN that actually lives up to its hype\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fcyberghost-vpn-review-more-than-just-vpn-an-all-in-one-security-kit\u002F"\u003ECyberGhost VPN review: More than just VPN, an all-in-one security kit\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fipvanish-review-a-rich-wealth-of-options-and-surfing-controls\u002F"\u003EIPVanish review: VPN delivers a wealth of options and browsing controls\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhile there are a tremendous number of VPN vendors out there, we think the following are some of the best:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fgo.nordvpn.net\u002Faff_c?offer_id=378&amp;aff_id=307&amp;source=zdnet&amp;aff_sub=[subid_value]&amp;aff_sub2=whatisavpn&amp;aff_sub3=xid:fr1617300800874cjf"\u003ENordVPN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: 30-day refund, lots of simultaneous connections&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fxvctlink.com\u002Fzdnet?offer=3monthsfree&amp;a_fid=cnetvpn&amp;data1=[subid_value]&amp;data2=whatisavpn"\u003EExpressVPN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: Detailed FAQ, good refund policy, Bitcoin\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.dpbolvw.net\u002Fclick-9041660-14365302?sid=[subid_value]|whatisavpn-xid-fr1617300800876adc"\u003EIPVanish VPN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: Keeps no log files and has support for Kodi\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fclick.linksynergy.com\u002Fdeeplink?id=IokOf8qagZo&amp;mid=38687&amp;murl=https:\u002F\u002Fwww.purevpn.com\u002F&amp;u1=[subid_value]|whatisavpn|xid:fr1617300800876cdh"\u003EPureVPN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: Large network, strong technically, good performance&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fget.surfshark.net\u002Faff_c?offer_id=50&amp;aff_id=1511&amp;source=zdnet&amp;aff_sub=[subid_value]&amp;aff_sub2=whatisavpn&amp;aff_sub3=xid:fr1617300800876fii"\u003ESurfshark\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: Unlimited device support, whitelisting feature\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.kqzyfj.com\u002Fclick-9041660-14013166?sid=[subid_value]|whatisavpn-xid-fr1617300800876hef"\u003ENorton Secure VPN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: Company is trustworthy and accountable\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fstrongvpn.com\u002F?tr_aid=CBSI=[subid_value]|whatisavpn"\u003EStrongVPN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: Excellent infrastructure, decent price performance&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.tkqlhce.com\u002Fclick-9041660-14087873?sid=%5Bsubid_value%5D&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fprivateinternetaccess.com?sid=whatisavpn"\u003EPrivate Internet Access\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: Lowest yearly price, most servers\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href="https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.anrdoezrs.net\u002Flinks\u002F3586864\u002Ftype\u002Fdlg\u002Fsid\u002Fxid-fr1617300800876heg\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.cyberghostvpn.com\u002Fen_US\u002Foffer\u002Fstrm-bestvpn?sid=[subid_value]|whatisavpn"\u003ECyberGhost\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: Supports Kodi, good Linux and router support\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\" hed=\"Who are the key players\" imagegroup=\"{}\" merchantoffers=\"[]\" usepricing=\"false\" data-key=\"cnetlisticle__1df519dc-61c9-408c-bddf-57482820b322\" position=\"NaN\" api=\"{"_id":{"$oid":"628e449b37bd9527a1abe3e9"},"newParentVersionId":"b9f86d08-09ef-4ad6-a28f-ba82912c3d53","uuid":"1df519dc-61c9-408c-bddf-57482820b322","description":"<p>We've done in-depth reviews of the following VPN services. If you're considering a VPN, you might want to read these articles first:<\u002Fp><p><a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fnord-vpn-review-an-in-depth-look-at-a-popular-vpn\u002F\\">NordVPN review: Sincere about security and privacy<\u002Fa><\u002Fp><p><a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fstrongvpn-review-a-clear-and-easy-to-use-vpn-ideal-for-coffee-shop-use\u002F\\">StrongVPN Review: A clear and easy-to-use VPN ideal for coffee shop use<\u002Fa><\u002Fp><p><a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhotspot-shield-review-heres-a-vpn-that-actually-lives-to-up-hype\u002F\\">Hotspot Shield review: Here's a VPN that actually lives up to its hype<\u002Fa><\u002Fp><p><a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fcyberghost-vpn-review-more-than-just-vpn-an-all-in-one-security-kit\u002F\\">CyberGhost VPN review: More than just VPN, an all-in-one security kit<\u002Fa><\u002Fp><p><a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fipvanish-review-a-rich-wealth-of-options-and-surfing-controls\u002F\\">IPVanish review: VPN delivers a wealth of options and browsing controls<\u002Fa><\u002Fp><p>While there are a tremendous number of VPN vendors out there, we think the following are some of the best:<\u002Fp><ul><li><a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fgo.nordvpn.net\u002Faff_c?offer_id=378&amp;aff_id=307&amp;source=zdnet&amp;aff_sub=[subid_value]&amp;aff_sub2=whatisavpn&amp;aff_sub3=xid:fr1617300800874cjf\\">NordVPN<\u002Fa>: 30-day refund, lots of simultaneous connections&nbsp;<\u002Fli><li><a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fxvctlink.com\u002Fzdnet?offer=3monthsfree&amp;a_fid=cnetvpn&amp;data1=[subid_value]&amp;data2=whatisavpn\\">ExpressVPN<\u002Fa>: Detailed FAQ, good refund policy, Bitcoin<\u002Fli><li><a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.dpbolvw.net\u002Fclick-9041660-14365302?sid=[subid_value]|whatisavpn-xid-fr1617300800876adc\\">IPVanish VPN<\u002Fa>: Keeps no log files and has support for Kodi<\u002Fli><li><a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fclick.linksynergy.com\u002Fdeeplink?id=IokOf8qagZo&amp;mid=38687&amp;murl=https:\u002F\u002Fwww.purevpn.com\u002F&amp;u1=[subid_value]|whatisavpn|xid:fr1617300800876cdh\\">PureVPN<\u002Fa>: Large network, strong technically, good performance&nbsp;<\u002Fli><li><a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fget.surfshark.net\u002Faff_c?offer_id=50&amp;aff_id=1511&amp;source=zdnet&amp;aff_sub=[subid_value]&amp;aff_sub2=whatisavpn&amp;aff_sub3=xid:fr1617300800876fii\\">Surfshark<\u002Fa>: Unlimited device support, whitelisting feature<\u002Fli><li><a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kqzyfj.com\u002Fclick-9041660-14013166?sid=[subid_value]|whatisavpn-xid-fr1617300800876hef\\">Norton Secure VPN<\u002Fa>: Company is trustworthy and accountable<\u002Fli><li><a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fstrongvpn.com\u002F?tr_aid=CBSI=[subid_value]|whatisavpn\\">StrongVPN<\u002Fa>: Excellent infrastructure, decent price performance&nbsp;<\u002Fli><li><a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tkqlhce.com\u002Fclick-9041660-14087873?sid=%5Bsubid_value%5D&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fprivateinternetaccess.com?sid=whatisavpn\\">Private Internet Access<\u002Fa>: Lowest yearly price, most servers<\u002Fli><li><a href=\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.anrdoezrs.net\u002Flinks\u002F3586864\u002Ftype\u002Fdlg\u002Fsid\u002Fxid-fr1617300800876heg\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.cyberghostvpn.com\u002Fen_US\u002Foffer\u002Fstrm-bestvpn?sid=[subid_value]|whatisavpn\\">CyberGhost<\u002Fa>: Supports Kodi, good Linux and router support<\u002Fli><\u002Ful>","hed":"Who are the key players","imageCaptionOverride":"","imageCreditOverride":"","imageGroup":{},"isLive":true,"merchantOffers":[],"metadata":{"parentId":"4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a","parentContentType":"content_article","slug":"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work","dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-05-25 15:00:43.408959","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"UTC"},"timestamp":1653490843000,"lastUpdatedBy":"29851481179195070381197563542257","edition":"us"},"shortcodeType":"listicle","siteId":5,"subhed":"","supplementalText":"","supplementalUrl":"","techObjectInfo":null,"techProdUuid":"","usePricing":false}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003Ch3\u003ESee also:\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F#link={%22role%22:%22standard%22,%22href%22:%22https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F%22,%22target%22:%22%22,%22absolute%22:%22%22,%22linkText%22:%22Best%20VPN%20services:%20Safe%20and%20fast%20don't%20come%20for%20free%22}\"\u003EBest VPN services: Safe and fast don't come for free\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhow-to-install-a-vpn-on-ios-mac-windows-and-android\u002F#link={%22role%22:%22standard%22,%22href%22:%22https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhow-to-install-a-vpn-on-ios-mac-windows-and-android\u002F%22,%22target%22:%22_blank%22,%22absolute%22:%22%22,%22linkText%22:%22How%20to%20install%20and%20set%20up%20a%20VPN%20on%20iOS,%20Mac,%20Windows,%20and%20Android%22}\"\u003EHow to install and set up a VPN on iOS, Mac, Windows, and Android\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Ffastest-vpn\u002F#link={%22role%22:%22standard%22,%22href%22:%22https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Ffastest-vpn\u002F%22,%22target%22:%22_blank%22,%22absolute%22:%22%22,%22linkText%22:%22The%20fastest%20VPNs:%20NordVPN,%20Hotspot%20Shield,%20and%20ExpressVPN%20compared%22}\"\u003EThe fastest VPNs: NordVPN, Hotspot Shield, and ExpressVPN compared\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn\u002F#link={%22role%22:%22standard%22,%22href%22:%22https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn\u002F%22,%22target%22:%22_blank%22,%22absolute%22:%22%22,%22linkText%22:%22The%20best%20VPN%20services:%20Safe%20and%20fast%20don't%20come%20free%22}\"\u003EThe best VPN services: Safe and fast don't come free\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fthe-best-free-vpns-why-they-dont-exist\u002F#link={%22role%22:%22standard%22,%22href%22:%22https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fthe-best-free-vpns-why-they-dont-exist\u002F%22,%22target%22:%22_blank%22,%22absolute%22:%22%22,%22linkText%22:%22The%20best%20free%20VPNs:%20Why%20they%20don't%20exist%22}\"\u003EThe best free VPNs: Why they don't exist\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhow-to-use-a-vpn-to-protect-your-internet-privacy\u002F#link={%22role%22:%22standard%22,%22href%22:%22https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhow-to-use-a-vpn-to-protect-your-internet-privacy\u002F%22,%22target%22:%22%22,%22absolute%22:%22%22,%22linkText%22:%22How%20to%20use%20a%20VPN%20to%20protect%20your%20internet%20privacy%22}\"\u003EHow to use a VPN to protect your internet privacy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fwhy-free-vpns-are-not-a-risk-worth-taking\u002F#link={%22role%22:%22standard%22,%22href%22:%22https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fwhy-free-vpns-are-not-a-risk-worth-taking\u002F%22,%22target%22:%22%22,%22absolute%22:%22%22,%22linkText%22:%22Why%20free%20VPNs%20are%20not%20a%20risk%20worth%20taking%22}\"\u003EWhy free VPNs are not a risk worth taking\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhotspot-shield-review-heres-a-vpn-that-actually-lives-to-up-hype\u002F#link={%22role%22:%22standard%22,%22href%22:%22https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhotspot-shield-review-heres-a-vpn-that-actually-lives-to-up-hype\u002F%22,%22target%22:%22%22,%22absolute%22:%22%22,%22linkText%22:%22Hotspot%20Shield%20review:%20Here's%20a%20VPN%20that%20actually%20lives%20up%20to%20its%20hype%22}\"\u003EHotspot Shield review: Here's a VPN that actually lives up to its hype\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fnord-vpn-review-an-in-depth-look-at-a-popular-vpn\u002F\"\u003ENordVPN review: Revamping security practices, but still useful\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Freader-question-answered-if-i-have-https-do-i-need-a-vpn\u002F\"\u003EReader question answered: If I have https, do I need a VPN?\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\u003Chr\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EYou can follow my day-to-day project updates on social media. Be sure to follow me on Twitter at \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fdavidgewirtz\"\u003E@DavidGewirtz\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, on Facebook at \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fdavidgewirtz\"\u003EFacebook.com\u002FDavidGewirtz\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, on Instagram at \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.instagram.com\u002FDavidGewirtz\u002F\"\u003EInstagram.com\u002FDavidGewirtz\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and on YouTube at \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fuser\u002FDavidGewirtzTV\"\u003EYouTube.com\u002FDavidGewirtzTV\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cshortcode shortcode=\"pinbox\" uuid=\"12922153-5c9c-495e-a36a-5dbbc9302a9f\" uri=\"\u002Fapi\u002Fcomponent\u002Feditorial\u002F12922153-5c9c-495e-a36a-5dbbc9302a9f\" float=\"none\" data-key=\"pinbox__b501f8e1-d0d6-514c-ba11-b41200dee62c\" api=\"{"content":[{"body":null,"dek":"Trying to find the absolute best tech products of 2022? From the iPhone 14 Pro Max to the Kindle Scribe to the Oura Ring Gen 3 Horizon, here are ZDNET's top gadgets of the year.","description":"Trying to find the absolute best tech products of 2022? From the iPhone 14 Pro Max to the Kindle Scribe to the Oura Ring Gen 3 Horizon, here are ZDNET's top gadgets of the year.","edition":{"key":"us","label":"US","prefix":"","lang":"en","translationLocale":"en_US","locales":["en-us"],"timezone":"America\u002FLos_Angeles","dateFormat":"MMMM d, yyyy -- HH:mm z LOCALTIME","metadata":{"nav_label":"US Edition","currency_name":"USD","short_date":"MMM d, YYYY","long_date":"MMMM d, YYYY"}},"image":{"id":"5246df34-aab3-4419-a17e-d162c8160806","title":"Best tech products of 2022","filename":"zdgg-2022-overall.jpg","path":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Fa\u002Fimg\u002F2022\u002F12\u002F21\u002F5246df34-aab3-4419-a17e-d162c8160806\u002Fzdgg-2022-overall.jpg","caption":"<p><\u002Fp>","tags":[],"size":763536,"width":1600,"height":900,"author":{"id":"781a4b26-f4ec-4df5-84ed-c2775cdfd86f","username":"ebetters","email":"ebetters-picaro@redventures.com","firstName":"Elyse","middleName":null,"lastName":"Betters Picaro","dateCreated":{"date":"2016-06-21 00:00:00","timezone":"UTC","timezone_type":3},"dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-09-26 20:59:13","timezone":"UTC","timezone_type":3},"ursId":"27051783234840286590268119258902","roles":[{"name":"CMS User","role":"ROLE_CMS_USER"},{"name":"Super Admin","role":"ROLE_SUPER_ADMIN"}],"profiles":{"data":[{"id":"84c775b4-26e4-4285-a0cb-ab642b885442","dateCreated":{"date":"2016-06-21 15:54:31","timezone":"UTC","timezone_type":3},"dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-11-14 19:27:43","timezone":"UTC","timezone_type":3},"language":"en","title":"Managing Editor","byline":"Elyse Betters Picaro is an editor based in New York.","bureau":"US","authorBio":"Elyse Betters Picaro is a managing editor based in Upstate New York. \\r\\n\\r\\nShe currently leads a team of journalists who write buyer's guides, deals, and gift guides. She has experience editing countless advice pieces and has written over 8,000 articles -- including news, how-tos, explainers, and reviews on technology and even TV and entertainment-focused content -- for several leading online publications. \\r\\n\\r\\nPreviously, she was an editor at 9to5Mac and 9to5Google. She was also a US contributor at Pocket-lint. Before that, she worked as a beat reporter at different regional newspapers in Northeast America and freelanced for global websites such as the BBC. \\r\\n\\r\\nShe holds a Master of Fine Arts in writing from The New School in Manhattan and a Bachelor of Arts in journalism from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.","expertise":"Editing and writing. (Beats: Consumer tech and devices, apps, services, TV, and ecommerce.)","awardsAndCredentials":null,"education":"Master of Fine Arts in writing (2014) from The New School in Manhattan and a Bachelor of Arts in journalism (2011) from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst","authorDisclosure":"Elyse Betters Picaro has nothing to disclose.","typeName":"user_user_profile"}],"paging":{"total":1,"limit":15,"offset":0}},"profile":{"id":"84c775b4-26e4-4285-a0cb-ab642b885442","dateCreated":{"date":"2016-06-21 15:54:31","timezone":"UTC","timezone_type":3},"dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-11-14 19:27:43","timezone":"UTC","timezone_type":3},"language":"en","title":"Managing Editor","byline":"Elyse Betters Picaro is an editor based in New York.","bureau":"US","authorBio":"Elyse Betters Picaro is a managing editor based in Upstate New York. \\r\\n\\r\\nShe currently leads a team of journalists who write buyer's guides, deals, and gift guides. 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(Beats: Consumer tech and devices, apps, services, TV, and ecommerce.)","awardsAndCredentials":null,"education":"Master of Fine Arts in writing (2014) from The New School in Manhattan and a Bachelor of Arts in journalism (2011) from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst","authorDisclosure":"Elyse Betters Picaro has nothing to disclose.","typeName":"user_user_profile"},"socialProfileIds":{"facebookProfile":null,"facebookPage":null,"twitter":"elysebetters","googlePlus":null,"instagram":"elysebetters"},"suppressProfile":false,"editions":[],"defaultTimezone":"America\u002FNew_York","cmsDisplayName":"Elyse Betters Picaro","authorBlogs":[],"language":"en","title":"Managing Editor","byline":"Elyse Betters Picaro is an editor based in New York.","bureau":"US","authorBio":"Elyse Betters Picaro is a managing editor based in Upstate New York. \\r\\n\\r\\nShe currently leads a team of journalists who write buyer's guides, deals, and gift guides. She has experience editing countless advice pieces and has written over 8,000 articles -- including news, how-tos, explainers, and reviews on technology and even TV and entertainment-focused content -- for several leading online publications. \\r\\n\\r\\nPreviously, she was an editor at 9to5Mac and 9to5Google. She was also a US contributor at Pocket-lint. Before that, she worked as a beat reporter at different regional newspapers in Northeast America and freelanced for global websites such as the BBC. \\r\\n\\r\\nShe holds a Master of Fine Arts in writing from The New School in Manhattan and a Bachelor of Arts in journalism from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.","expertise":"Editing and writing. (Beats: Consumer tech and devices, apps, services, TV, and ecommerce.)","awardsAndCredentials":null,"education":"Master of Fine Arts in writing (2014) from The New School in Manhattan and a Bachelor of Arts in journalism (2011) from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst","authorDisclosure":"Elyse Betters Picaro has nothing to disclose."},"dateCreated":{"date":"2022-12-21 19:14:00","timezone":"UTC","timezone_type":3},"dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-12-21 19:14:17","timezone":"UTC","timezone_type":3},"needsModeration":false,"mimeType":"image\u002Fjpeg","deleted":false,"credits":"(Image: ZDNET)","alt":"Best tech products of 2022","restricted":false,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"preferred":false,"watermark":false,"doNotCrop":false,"doNotResize":false,"primaryCollection":null,"vanityUrl":null,"notes":null,"crop":null,"cropGravity":0,"preservedRegion":null,"isNew":false,"keywords":[],"primeColor":null,"hasWarning":false,"typeName":"content_image"},"label":null,"linkText":null,"linkUrl":null,"preferredProductName":null,"promoDek":"Trying to find the absolute best tech products of 2022? 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Here are the best AirPods deals we found for this holiday season.","edition":{"key":"us","label":"US","prefix":"","lang":"en","translationLocale":"en_US","locales":["en-us"],"timezone":"America\u002FLos_Angeles","dateFormat":"MMMM d, yyyy -- HH:mm z LOCALTIME","metadata":{"nav_label":"US Edition","currency_name":"USD","short_date":"MMM d, YYYY","long_date":"MMMM d, YYYY"}},"image":{"id":"567a6340-d141-496b-9637-5436a994cb4f","title":"Airpods 2nd Gen","filename":"airpods-2nd-gen.jpg","path":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Fa\u002Fimg\u002F2022\u002F10\u002F07\u002F567a6340-d141-496b-9637-5436a994cb4f\u002Fairpods-2nd-gen.jpg","caption":"<p><\u002Fp>","tags":[],"size":366363,"width":1296,"height":720,"author":{"id":"9071cf10-c274-4388-8c06-508f648fcb4d","username":"emerywright","email":"ewright@redventures.com","firstName":"Emery","middleName":null,"lastName":"Wright","dateCreated":{"date":"2022-08-18 00:00:00","timezone":"UTC","timezone_type":3},"dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-09-29 13:48:04","timezone":"UTC","timezone_type":3},"ursId":"30632579223057662307740998918143","roles":[{"name":"CMS User","role":"ROLE_CMS_USER"},{"name":"CMS User Plus","role":"ROLE_CMS_USER_PLUS"},{"name":"Super Admin","role":"ROLE_SUPER_ADMIN"}],"profiles":{"data":[{"id":"66b852a4-8b9e-42f9-88f2-01150da02b6e","dateCreated":{"date":"2022-08-18 20:18:26","timezone":"UTC","timezone_type":3},"dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-08-18 20:20:14","timezone":"UTC","timezone_type":3},"language":"en","title":"Associate Editor","byline":"Associate Editor","bureau":"US","authorBio":"Emery Wright is an associate editor on the commerce team. 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Prior to joining ZDNET, she served as a marketing editor at Healthline Media, another Red Ventures property.","expertise":null,"awardsAndCredentials":null,"education":"Graduated from Washington and Lee University in 2022 with a BA in English and two minors in creative writing and mass communications","authorDisclosure":null},"dateCreated":{"date":"2022-10-07 17:54:58","timezone":"UTC","timezone_type":3},"dateUpdated":{"date":"2022-10-07 17:55:05","timezone":"UTC","timezone_type":3},"needsModeration":false,"mimeType":"image\u002Fjpeg","deleted":false,"credits":"Apple","alt":"airpods-2nd-gen","restricted":false,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"preferred":false,"watermark":false,"doNotCrop":false,"doNotResize":false,"primaryCollection":null,"vanityUrl":null,"notes":null,"crop":null,"cropGravity":0,"preservedRegion":null,"isNew":false,"keywords":[],"primeColor":null,"hasWarning":false,"typeName":"content_image"},"label":null,"linkText":null,"linkUrl":null,"preferredProductName":null,"promoDek":"AirPods are on everyone's wishlist. 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LOCALTIME","metadata":{"nav_label":"EU Edition","currency_name":"Euro","short_date":"MMM d, YYYY","long_date":"MMMM d, YYYY"}},"id":"e5bc21e5-cd29-43db-9d4a-9b171ce7e4ca","typeName":"content_topic_edition"}],"paging":{"total":6,"limit":15,"offset":0}},"languages":{"data":[{"canonicalUrl":null,"suppressSearch":false,"titleTag":null,"excludeFromRivers":false,"noIndex":false,"seoHeadline":null,"seoMetaDescription":null,"seoNewsKeywords":null,"relAlternate":null,"relHreflang":null,"relNext":null,"relPrev":null,"seoTwitterCreator":null,"seoTwitterTitle":null,"seoTwitterImage":null,"seoTwitterDescription":null,"seoOgDescription":null,"seoOgImage":null,"seoOgTitle":null,"siteSearchBoostKeywords":null,"tweetText":null,"id":"3f09de63-c4f9-410b-98dd-dd678c575260","name":"Headphones","description":"Sometimes you just need to put on your music, play your video games, and be in your own world. Change how you relax, center yourself, and calm yourself with the right pair of headphones.","language":"en","slug":"headphones","vanityUrl":null,"typeName":"content_topic_language"}],"paging":{"total":1,"limit":15,"offset":0}},"name":"Headphones","description":"Sometimes you just need to put on your music, play your video games, and be in your own world. Change how you relax, center yourself, and calm yourself with the right pair of headphones.","slug":"headphones","landingPage":null,"listingPage":null,"typeName":"content_topic"},"typeName":"content_article"}],"title":"ZDNET Recommends","view":"pinbox_text_list"}\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fshortcode\u003E\u003C\u002Fhr\u003E",dek:"Whether you're in a corporate or home office or on the road, a VPN remains one of the best ways to protect your privacy and security on the internet.",mobileImage:c,layoutName:c,relatedObjects:[],availableOn:[{edition:"as",slug:"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work"},{edition:"au",slug:"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work"},{edition:"eu",slug:"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work"},{edition:"in",slug:"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work"},{edition:"uk",slug:"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work"},{edition:i,slug:"what-is-a-vpn-and-how-does-it-work"}],canonicalUrl:c,capi:[],moreAuthors:[],editors:[],listicles:[{uuid:"5e48b96d-8f44-4768-a509-b5653a069d96",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EVPN is an acronym for Virtual Private Network. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe purpose \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cnet.com\u002Fhow-to\u002Funderstanding-vpns-and-how-to-choose-one\u002F\"\u003Eof a VPN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is to provide you with security and privacy as you communicate over the internet.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHere's the problem with the internet: It's inherently insecure. When the internet was first designed, the priority was to be able to send packets (chunks of data) as reliably as possible. Networking across the country and the world was relatively new, and nodes often went down. Most of the internet's core protocols (communication methods) were designed to route around failure rather than secure data.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe applications you're accustomed to using, whether email, web, messaging, Facebook, etc., are all built on top of that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fthe-next-generation-internet-protocol-ipv6-gets-real\u002F\"\u003EInternet Protocol\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (IP) core. While some standards have developed, not all internet apps are secure. Many still send their information without any security or privacy protection whatsoever.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis leaves any internet user vulnerable to criminals who might steal your banking or credit card information, governments who might want to eavesdrop on their citizens, and other internet users who might want to spy on you for a whole range of nefarious reasons.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA VPN creates a private tunnel over the open internet. The idea is that everything you send is encapsulated in this private communications channel and encrypted so -- even if your packets are intercepted -- they can't be deciphered. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhow-to-use-a-vpn-to-protect-your-internet-privacy\u002F\"\u003EVPNs are powerful and important tools to protect yourself and your data\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, but they have limitations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"What is a VPN?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"30b3fe98-959f-467f-9617-9f3013d18f1d",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003ELet's start with the basic idea of internet communication. Suppose you're at your desk and you want to access a website like ZDNet. To do this, your computer initiates a request by sending some packets. If you're in an office, those packets often travel through switches and routers on your \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fa-simple-wireless-lan-overview\u002F\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ELAN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E before they are transferred to the public internet through a router.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOnce on the public internet, those packets travel through a bunch of computers. A separate request is made to a series of name servers to translate the DNS name ZDNet.com to an IP address. That information is sent back to your browser, which then sends the request again through many computers on the public internet. Eventually, it reaches the ZDNet infrastructure, which also routes those packets, grabs a web page (which is a bunch of separate elements), and sends all that back to you.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEach internet request usually results in a whole series of communication events between multiple points. The way a VPN works is by encrypting those packets at the originating point, often hiding the data and the information about your originating IP address. The VPN software on your end then sends those packets to the VPN server at some destination point, decrypting that information.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne of the most important issues in understanding the limits of VPNs is understanding where the endpoint of the VPN server resides. We'll talk about that next.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"How does VPN work?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"fc07a34e-6763-4e0a-9477-9a3207b5db13",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EMost of us are familiar with the concept of a LAN, a local area network. That's the private network inside one physical location -- be it a home, a corporate building, or a campus. But many businesses don't run out of one location. They have branch offices, departments, and divisions that are geographically dispersed.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn many cases, each of these offices also has LANs. But how do the LANs connect? For some very specialized solutions, companies lease private lines to connect the offices. That can be very expensive. Instead, most companies opt to connect separated private LANs over the public internet geographically. To protect their data, they set up VPNs between offices, encrypting the data as it traverses the public internet.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is a corporate or enterprise VPN, and it's characterized by the same organization controlling both endpoints of the VPN. If your company controls the originating point (say a sales office) and the endpoint (like a VPN server at your corporate HQ), you can be quite well assured (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fcisco-this-vpn-bug-has-a-10-out-of-10-severity-rating-so-patch-it-now\u002F\"\u003Eunless there's a bug\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) that your data is securely transmitted.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe second type of VPN is a consumer VPN. This is for those of you who compute in hotels or at coffee shops and connect to web applications like social networks, email, banks, or shopping sites. Consumer VPN services help ensure that those communications are protected.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"What are the two main types of VPNs?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"c33fe2c2-0749-4e2e-acd7-f2f6de01d8e8",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EA consumer VPN service is, fundamentally, a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fwhat-is-cloud-computing-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-cloud\u002F\"\u003Esoftware-as-a-service (SaaS) offering\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The VPN service provides a secure tunnel between your computing device (whether laptop, phone, or tablet) and the provider's data center.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is important to understand. Consumer VPN services protect your transmission from your location to their location, not from your location to the destination application you're using. If you think about it, this makes sense: A consumer VPN service is operated by a completely different company than, for example, Facebook or your bank.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe VPN service gives you an app that you run on your local device, which encrypts your data, and it travels in its encrypted form through a tunnel to the VPN service provider's infrastructure. At that point, the data is decrypted and sent on its way.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETwo things happen here: First, if you're using an https connection, your data is encrypted by your browser and then by your VPN app. Your data is decrypted only once at the VPN data centre, leaving the original encryption provided by the browser intact. That encrypted data then goes on to the destination application, like your bank.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe second thing that happens is that the web application you're talking to does not get to see your IP address. Instead, it sees an IP address owned by the VPN service. This allows you some level of anonymous networking. This IP spoofing is also used to trick applications into thinking you're located in a different region or even a different country than you are located in. There are reasons (both illegal and legal) to do this. We'll discuss that in a bit.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"What does a consumer VPN service do?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"e83be01a-6455-47c1-a1be-66564e76cad1",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EShould I trust this VPN provider? More often than not, you can't and shouldn't.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWe've already discussed the use of a VPN when connecting offices. Any time you have two LANs that need to link over the public internet, you should consider using VPN technology or an \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.techrepublic.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhow-duo-beyond-wants-to-remove-the-network-perimeter-and-get-rid-of-the-vpn\u002F\"\u003Eequivalent method of enterprise protection\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. In this case, the VPN software will probably run in a router, a server, or a dedicated VPN server hardware appliance.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWe talked about two use cases above for consumer VPN services: Protecting your data and spoofing your location. We'll talk more about location spoofing later, so let's focus on data protection for now.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen you're away from home or the office, and you connect to the internet, you'll most often be doing so via Wi-Fi provided by your hotel or the restaurant, library, or coffee shop you're working out of at that moment. Sometimes, Wi-Fi has a password. Other times, it will be completely open. In either case, you have no idea who else is accessing that network. Therefore, you have no idea who might be snooping on your internet traffic, browsing history or online activity.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI recommend always using a VPN when using someone else's Wi-Fi network. Here's a good rule of thumb: If you're away from the office or home, and you're using someone else's Wi-Fi (even that of a family member or a friend, because you never know if they've been compromised), use a VPN. It's particularly important if you're accessing a service that has personally-identifying information. Remember, a lot goes on behind the scenes, and you never really know if one or more of your apps are authenticating in the background and putting your information at risk.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnother reason you might choose to use a VPN is if you have something to hide. This isn't just about folks doing things they shouldn't do. Sometimes people really need to hide information. Take, for example, the person who is worried an employer might discriminate against him or her because of their sexual orientation or medical condition. Another example is a person who needs to go online but is concerned about revealing location information to a person in their life who might be a threat.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnd then, of course, there are those people in restrictive countries who need to hide their activity merely to gain access to the internet without potentially grave penalties.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"When should I use a VPN?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"cbd82eaf-a60e-498a-8cf5-a2d26b91813c",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EThere are some good \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fwant-more-privacy-online-protonmail-brings-its-free-vpn-to-android\u002F\"\u003Efree VPN services\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, but \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fwhy-free-vpns-are-not-a-risk-worth-taking\u002F\"\u003EI avoid all free VPNs\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhy? It costs a lot to provide the infrastructure to operate a VPN service, from the network pipes to the servers. That infrastructure has to be paid for somehow. If user fees do not pay for it, advertising, data gathering, or some nastier reason are likely to be paid for.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHere's another reason not to use a free service, and this one is a lot scarier: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhola-a-free-vpn-with-a-side-of-botnet\u002F\"\u003EMalware providers and criminal organizations have set up free VPN services\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that not only don't protect you but actively harvest personal data, and either use it or sell it to the highest bidder. Instead of being protected, you're being plundered.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"Are the free VPN services any good?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"b9d17c94-14c7-48e1-acf9-252ce6d0f8c0",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003ETo be fair, not all pay VPN services are legitimate, either. It's important to be careful about which you choose. I've put together \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F\"\u003Ean always up-to-date directory\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of quality VPN providers. Some are better than others (and that's reflected in their ratings). But all are legitimate companies that provide quality service.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBeyond my directory, it's always good practice to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Ftopic\u002Fgoogle\u002F\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGoogle\u003C\u002Fa\u003E a company or product name and read the user reviews. If you see a huge number of old complaints or new complaints suddenly start showing up, it might be that there's been a change of management or policies. When I'm looking for a service, I always base my decision partially on professional reviews and partially based on the tone of user reviews.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFinally, be sure to choose a service with the capabilities \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F\"\u003Ethat meet your needs\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. You may need one or more features only provided by certain services. So, think through your needs as you make a decision.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"What's the best way to choose a VPN service?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"84072ce6-495d-4a5b-a662-3b1ecd6427d9",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EOh, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fvpns-are-not-as-private-as-the-name-suggests-csiro\u002F\"\u003Eheck no\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. A VPN can help ensure you're not snooped on when connecting between your computer and a website. But the website itself is quite capable of some serious privacy violations. For example, a VPN can't protect you against a website setting a tracking cookie that will tell other websites about you. A VPN can't protect you against a website recording information about products you're interested in. A VPN can't protect you against a website that sells your email address to list brokers. Yada, yada, yada.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhow-to-use-a-vpn-to-protect-your-internet-privacy\u002F\"\u003EVPN does help protect you\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in the situations we've discussed in previous sections. But don't expect a VPN to be a magical privacy shield that will keep everything you do private and confidential. There are many, many ways your privacy can be compromised, and a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Ffor-internet-privacy-a-vpn-will-not-save-you\u002F\"\u003EVPN will be of only partial help\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"Can a VPN guarantee my privacy?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"9444b761-c109-41e3-8d54-ec6c3c02f0b3",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EThat would be a definite maybe. Here's the thing: Back in the day, the process of encrypting and decrypting packets would take a toll on CPU performance. Most current CPUs are now fast enough that most crypto algorithms can run without much of an impact on processor performance.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHowever, network performance is another thing entirely. First, keep in mind that if you're using a VPN, you're probably using it at a public location. That public Wi-Fi service is likely to range in performance somewhere between \"meh\" and unusable. So, just the fact that you're remotely working on a mediocre network will reduce performance. But then, if you connect to a VPN in a different country, the connection between countries is also likely to degrade network performance. Server locations matter.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMy rule of thumb is to use a domestic VPN and connect to servers as close to my location as possible. That said, I have had good nights and bad nights getting online. On my recent trip, I found most hotels' networks to become unusable after about 9pm. My theory is that many of the guests were watching Netflix at that time, completely clogging the hotels' pipes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"Will VPN software slow down my computer?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"b84a9af0-66ad-406d-8248-7b1c4dbab47b",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003ESome do. Some don't. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F\"\u003ELook at that directory I mentioned earlier\u003C\u002Fa\u003E because that's one of the factors where a service might lose some points.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESome VPN services will limit the total amount of data you can send and receive, either in one connection session or over a month. Other VPN services will limit the speed of the data, effectively sharing less of their pipe with you than might be optimal. That could slow your browsing experience to a crawl or completely prevent you from watching streaming videos through streaming services.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUsually, it's the free services that throttle your usage in these ways. Some paid services will offer a trial, where you can transmit up to a certain data cap before being asked to sign up as a paying customer. That's actually pretty cool because it gives you a chance to try out the performance of their service before paying, but it also gives the vendor a chance to make money necessary to operate the service.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMany VPN services claim that they'll provide you with unlimited data transmission if you pay their fee and won't throttle your speeds. Generally, this is true, but I'll give you my standard \"unlimited bandwidth\" warning: It's been my experience that when a vendor says something is \"unlimited,\" it's almost always limited. Somewhere, there will be a note in the fine print or terms of service that allows the vendor to limit you in some way. It pays to read those agreements.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"Do VPN service providers limit usage and how?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"7b3c9a42-bea0-4247-b1f9-838d582efe32",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EIn my \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F\"\u003EVPN directory\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, I tracked two types of logging. The first is whether they log traffic, DNS requests, and IP addresses. This is pretty nasty stuff. If a VPN service logs this, they would have the information you might choose to hide, like sites you visit, locations where you are, and possibly even information you might be sending.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAlthough the use of these services will still protect you from Wi-Fi spies in your hotel or restaurant, I can't recommend signing up for any service that does DNS, traffic, or IP logging. There are better, more private options.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe second type of logging is more benign. VPN services that log bandwidth usage and connection timestamp data usually do so either to tune their own systems or manage any abuse of their services.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI have less of a concern with services that just monitor bandwidth usage, as long as they don't store any specifics. That said, we gave top marks to those services that don't do any logging. When I choose a VPN service, those are the services I pick for my use.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"How private are VPNs? Do they log everything I do?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"11d16182-8e1f-4d01-984f-407b60ace507",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003ENet neutrality has been severely under fire in the US. The \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Ffcc-revisited-net-neutrality-changes-are-misleading-and-not-benign-says-gewirtz\u002F\"\u003EFederal Communications Commission (FCC) has eliminated many of the consumer protections\u003C\u002Fa\u003E against internet service providers (ISPs) harvesting traffic data and selling that data to advertisers, or worse. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis could be bad. I'm not terribly concerned if Comcast discovers my secret passion for muscle cars and I get more ads for car customizing kits. It might be annoying, but I'm not doing anything I want to hide. The problem could occur if ISPs start inserting their own ads in place of ads by, say, ZDNet. That could cut off the revenue that keeps websites alive, and that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fwelcome-back-sneaker-net-why-neutrality-repeal-will-drive-us-to-the-edge\u002F\"\u003Ecould have very serious repercussions\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs for personal use and whether you should use a VPN at home because of net neutrality, I don't think we're there... yet. Certainly, if you're working on confidential information and connecting to work, you should use a VPN. But we haven't yet seen any evidence of ISPs being so intrusive that always-on VPNs are required at home.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EStay tuned to this guide because if that changes, we'll let you know.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"What do net neutrality changes mean for my VPN usage?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"1373f09a-6170-476d-852d-4306f6e4df8b",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EThat depends. VPN use is legal in most countries, but, according to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fblog.cyberghostvpn.com\u002Fen\u002Fcountries-where-vpns-are-illegal\u002F\"\u003EVPN provider CyberGhost\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, VPN use is illegal in the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, China, Iran, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fputin-bans-vpn-use-in-russia\u002F\"\u003Eand Russia\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Vladimir Putin has recently banned VPN use in Russia. Also, be aware that the so-called \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fwhy-a-proxy-server-cant-protect-you-like-a-vpn-can\u002F\"\u003Eproxy server alternative to VPNs\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is also illegal in many countries, which consider any form of IP spoofing to be illegal, not just those services labeled as VPN.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERestrictions vary, as do penalties. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fentrepreneurs-and-students-stifled-under-chinas-internet-controls-report\u002F\"\u003EChina allows certain approved VPNs\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. In the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fgetting-caught-in-the-uae-using-a-vpn-will-cost-you-over-500000\u002F\"\u003EUAE, if you use a VPN, you could go to jail or be fined a minimum of more than the equivalent of $100,000.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDefinitely research this before you visit a country. Many travelers mistakenly believe that just because they're not citizens, and all they're doing is linking back to a corporate system, they should be able to have unrestricted use of VPN software. This is a mistake.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe bottom line: Check the laws of the country you're in before connecting. It's also a good idea to check with your VPN provider, both for insight into whether it knows if there are issues and whether it'll support connectivity from the country you're visiting.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"Is it legal to use a VPN?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"eafcdad7-2689-4240-9b9b-9f14fab3785d",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EYes. It is almost totally unlikely that each room is on a dedicated subnet, so that means packets are traveling across a network shared by other guests. In addition, you never know whether someone in the front office has set up a packet sniffer for the express purpose of mining guest information.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESo, yes, use a VPN, even if there's a hard-wired connection to the wall.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"Do I need to use a VPN if my hotel has a wired internet connection?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"229a1a80-7ffa-4047-8110-87e0441b1572",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EIf you're trying to connect to your on-premises corporate network, you'll most likely be assigned \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.techproresearch.com\u002Fdownloads\u002Fintrusion-detection-policy\u002F\"\u003Ea VPN application by your IT department\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. This will allow you to establish a point-to-point connection between your local device and a server owned and operated by your company.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut, if your company is cloud-based, and you're connecting to SaaS applications like Salesforce or Google, you should probably use a VPN service since you're not actually connecting to your company but instead to a public cloud application.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIf your IT department does not specifically identify a VPN service you should use for accessing their public cloud applications, definitely look at our \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F\"\u003EVPN directory\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and choose one of the higher-rated service providers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"Will a VPN service help me connect securely to my office network?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"6e57a17b-ad81-42a3-b5bf-88e0b1eaaca5",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003ELet's talk about what happens when you use a VPN app on your computer or mobile device. Any VPN app will require an existing network connection to be able to connect to the VPN service provider. This means that even if you set your VPN app to automatically launch when your device boots, there will be a period when your computer is connected to the internet directly, not through your VPN.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESome background services can send information across that initial, unsecured connection before the VPN loads. To be fair, the risk is relatively minor for most usage profiles. If you're establishing a connection automatically to your corporate server, you will want to check with your IT team about how they want you to set things up.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIf you are interested in an added level of protection, there are intriguing gadgets called \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.tinyhardwarefirewall.com\u002F\"\u003ETiny Hardware Firewalls\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. These devices range from about $30 to $70 and connect via a network port or a USB slot to your laptop. They make the initial network connection, and so your computer's communication is always blocked before it calls out to the internet.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"Can I get away with a VPN app, or do I need to bring my own router\u002F bridge\u002F dongle?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"6ab1af83-bc2a-4429-bba0-d9a66654e38c",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EBoth Android and iOS come with basic VPN capabilities to allow you to connect to your corporate networks securely. Your IT organization will generally advise you when you should use this feature, but as we've discussed, when away from your home or office, and especially if you're using an open, public Wi-Fi connection, you should.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIf you're connecting to web applications like email or Facebook, you should consider using a VPN service -- particularly if you're connecting via an open Wi-Fi network. Most good VPN services offer both iOS and Android clients.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"Should I use a VPN on my phone or tablet?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"df65f409-f653-491b-a1b2-cecc92399374",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EThat depends. Once again, your corporate IT department will let you know their policy for connection directly to their corporate network. Usually, you'll use the VPN client built into your device's operating system for that.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut here's the thing: It's up to how much you trust your carrier, where you're located in the world, and how secure you want to be. The carriers (net neutrality notwithstanding) can generally be relied upon to provide a secure connection from your phone to their network in the US.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThat said, it is possible to compromise wireless phone service with a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fdozens-of-popular-iphone-apps-vulnerable-to-man-in-the-middle-attacks\u002F\"\u003Eman-in-the-middle attack\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. This situation occurs when a malevolent actor places a device designed to confuse your phone and cause your phone to connect to what it thinks is the phone network, but, in fact, it's a device designed for spying.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOutside the US, it depends on what country you're in. If you are really concerned about security, simply avoid bringing any devices into a foreign nation that you intend to use after your trip. Those devices can be compromised in the country or during customs inspections.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELikewise, if you're connecting via a nation's local carrier, that carrier may be intercepting your traffic, particularly if you're a non-native of that nation. In that situation, if you must connect back to applications and services at home, using a VPN is quite literally the least you can do. Also, keep in mind that if you use your phone's hotspot to connect your computer to the internet, you'll want to use a VPN on your computer as well.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFinally, as we covered earlier in this guide, it's worth reminding you that some countries consider VPN use illegal. If you're planning on traveling, be sure to research local laws exhaustively.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"Do I need a VPN if I'm connecting my phone via LTE?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"8f458d05-628d-403d-b66f-e2838132baad",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EA lot depends on what VPN you're using, how it's set up, and where you're connecting. That said, let's look at the most likely scenario.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERecall that when you're online and connected to an internet application through a VPN, a few things are happening: Your data from your computer to the VPN service is encrypted by the VPN. Your data from the VPN service to the internet application may or may not be encrypted via https, but the VPN service does not encrypt it. And your IP address is spoofed. The online application sees the IP address of the VPN service, not of your laptop.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen a VPN connection drops, you might just lose your connection. But because the internet is very good at routing around failures, what is more likely to happen is your computer will reconnect to the internet application, simply bypassing the VPN service. That means that -- on failure -- your local IP address may \"leak out\" and be logged by the internet application, and your data may be open to local Wi-Fi hackers at your hotel or wherever you're doing your computing.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere is a reasonably robust solution to that problem, and that's next.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"What happens if a VPN connection fails while I'm on a remote connection?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"af0114d1-da2d-4b6a-b45a-468482b6f506",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EPut simply; a VPN kill switch kills your internet connection if it detects that your VPN's connection has failed. There are generally two types of VPN kill switches.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe first runs in the VPN client app on your computer, so if the VPN connection fails while the VPN client app is running, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.techrepublic.com\u002Farticle\u002Fthis-app-is-one-of-the-best-ways-to-protect-yourself-and-your-data-online\u002F\"\u003Ethat VPN client app can turn off the computer or mobile device's internet connection\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. However, if your VPN connection has failed because the VPN client app itself crashed, then the kill switch may not work, and your IP and data may leak onto the internet.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe second type of VPN kill switch is at the operating system level. These are usually driver-level systems that run whether or not the VPN application is running. As such, they provide a bit more protection for your surfing activities.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGiven that so many \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F\"\u003EVPN products we reviewed in our directory\u003C\u002Fa\u003E support a kill switch, we recommend choosing a client with a kill switch feature. There may be a slight annoyance if you lose your connection, but that's more than made up for in the added security.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"What does a VPN kill switch do?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"49fd62f5-eabe-4efd-85dd-3ccb72dc466d",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EIf you've been shopping for a VPN service, you've undoubtedly come across a bunch of names like SSL, OpenVPN, SSTP, L2TP\u002FIPSec, PPP, PPTP, IKEv2\u002FIPSec, SOCKS5, and more. These are all communication protocols. They are, essentially, the name of the method by which your communication is encrypted and packaged for tunneling to the VPN provider.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere is a lot of debate \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fopenvpn-audit-misses-serious-rce-flaws-researcher-takes-firm-to-task\u002F\"\u003Eamong security purists\u003C\u002Fa\u003E about which VPN protocol is better. Some protocols (like PPP and its tunneling variant, PPTP) are old and compromised. Others, like SSTP, are proprietary to one company or another.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMy recommendation -- and the protocol I most often choose to use -- is OpenVPN. OpenVPN is a non-proprietary, open-source implementation of a VPN communication layer protocol. It's well-understood, well-regarded, generally quite secure, and robust. Also, it has the benefit of communicating over port 443, which is the standard port for https communication, which means almost all firewalls will allow OpenVPN traffic -- and most won't even be able to detect that a VPN is being used.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYes, there are certainly other protocol choices, even some that might be more appropriate than OpenVPN in certain situations. But if that's the case, either you've already made that decision, or your IT organization has specified a specific protocol you should use. However, as a default, if you're not sure what to look for, look for OpenVPN.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"What do all those protocol names mean and which one should I choose?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"a74145f4-4dc7-4b3a-83a0-af912740a338",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EThe term \"simultaneous connections\" generally refers to the number of devices that can be connected to the VPN service and talk to the internet at once. For example, when I was driving across the country and working in my hotel room at night, I often had both my MacBook Pro and iPad connected to the internet.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI used the MacBook Pro for writing, keeping the iPad open to do searches and find supporting information. Both of these were connected to the internet at one time. This was possible because the VPN service I was using allowed up to three connections to open at once.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is also a good way to provide support for more than one family member on a single subscription. Generally, there's no good reason for a VPN provider to allow less than two or three connections. If your provider only allows one, find another vendor. We gave extra points in our \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F\"\u003EVPN directory\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to those vendors who allowed three or more connections.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"What does it mean when a VPN service talks about simultaneous connections?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"6ba088dc-bc93-4c97-b0b3-a94dad2c0829",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EEvery device connected to the public internet is assigned an IP address. It's like a phone number for each device. To be able to connect to the internet, each device needs such an address.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe term \"dynamic IP address\" means that when a device connects to the internet, it's given an IP address taken from a pool of available addresses. While it's possible to get the same IP address on multiple connections, generally, each time you connect, you'll get a different address.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIf you want to hide your address from the web applications you're connecting to; you'll want a VPN service that provides dynamic IP addresses. In our directory, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F\"\u003Ewe list the number of IP addresses each service offers\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. By using a service with more available IP addresses, the chances of you getting a repeated IP are quite small.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere are some minor disadvantages to using a dynamic IP. If someone who previously had the IP address you've been assigned did something nefarious on a service you use, the IP address might be banned. Usually, VPN providers are cautious about checking their IP addresses against blacklists, so the chances of this being a problem for you are slim.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBy contrast, a static IP address is an address that's assigned to you and only you. Most often, this is needed if you're running a server. Usually, static IP addresses are used in corporate situations and are generally not practical for general remote access, like from a hotel or coffee shop.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUnless you have a specific application that you know needs a static IP, you'll want to be assigned a new dynamic IP address for each VPN session you initiate.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"When should I choose either dynamic or static IP?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"273bbdea-aa55-45ca-a465-c4ec3ca61132",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EAs we mentioned in the previous section, you're usually assigned a dynamic IP address from a pool of addresses when you connect to a VPN service. But where are those addresses located? They're attached to servers located, usually, throughout the world.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMost VPN services allow you to connect to server locations in many different countries. In our VPN directory, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-vpn-services-for-2021-safe-and-fast-dont-come-for-free\u002F\"\u003Ewe list both the number of servers the service maintains and the number of countries\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. By default, you'll usually be assigned a server located in your home country. Still, if you want to obfuscate your location, you may want to connect to a server located in a different country.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EServer switching is a feature -- offered by most VPN service providers -- that allows you to change what region or country you're going to connect to. Most providers allow you to switch as often as you'd like (although you usually have to disconnect, then change your configuration, and reconnect). This may be useful if you're trying to hide your location or if you're running into some communications glitches on the server you're currently using...\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"What does it mean when a VPN service talks about server switching?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"03aaaab8-28bc-41c4-8a1e-18bbbe1a52c7",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EBecause the VPN server you're connected to presents \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fwhy-a-proxy-server-cant-protect-you-like-a-vpn-can\u002F\"\u003Eits IP address\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to whatever web application you're using, by choosing a server located in a different country, you can represent your connection as if you're in a different country. This may be illegal in certain regions, so use caution when doing this. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn my testing, some VPN providers could successfully hide their originating country or the fact that they were VPNs, but others were not. You'll probably want to do some testing. Of the services where I did in-depth testing, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fnord-vpn-review-an-in-depth-look-at-a-popular-vpn\u002F\"\u003ENordVPN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhotspot-shield-review-heres-a-vpn-that-actually-lives-to-up-hype\u002F\"\u003EHotspot Shield\u003C\u002Fa\u003E could successfully hide their VPN origins, while \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fstrongvpn-review-a-clear-and-easy-to-use-vpn-ideal-for-coffee-shop-use\u002F\"\u003EStrongVPN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fcyberghost-vpn-review-more-than-just-vpn-an-all-in-one-security-kit\u002F\"\u003ECyberGhost\u003C\u002Fa\u003E were not.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"Can I use a VPN to spoof my location or country of origin?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"b36a5e02-4760-4db1-8087-5ae6c3fc5c51",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003ESometimes it is possible to watch a blacked-out sporting event or other show, although we certainly can't advise you to do so. Spoofing your location to bypass broadcast restrictions may get you in hot water.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAlso, do be aware that some broadcasters have developed increasingly sophisticated methods to determine whether the IP address you represent is the IP address where you're located. The VPN may be able to protect your original IP address from being seen. Still, there are characteristics of proxy communications (like a slightly longer time to transfer packets) that can be used to identify users who are trying to bypass watching restrictions.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"Can I use a VPN to watch a blacked-out program or video?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"d1fb7bf9-e3dc-4992-bcbe-3ff74975077c",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003ENo. No. Did I mention... no. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Ffor-internet-privacy-a-vpn-will-not-save-you\u002F\"\u003ENothing is unhackable\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. As evidence...\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn January 2018, Cisco Systems (a very highly respected maker of internet communications hardware) \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fcisco-this-vpn-bug-has-a-10-out-of-10-severity-rating-so-patch-it-now\u002F\"\u003Erevealed that a critical bug was found\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in its ASA (Adaptive Security Appliance) software that could allow hackers to execute code remotely.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is a bug in enterprise-level VPN systems used by corporations, so it's severe, indeed. Fortunately, responsible IT administrators can patch their systems to fix the bug. However, it goes to show how no system can be truly deemed absolutely secure.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnother example was a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fprivacy-flaw-in-hotspot-shield-can-identify-users-locations\u002F\"\u003Ebug in Hotspot Shield\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, a popular VPN service. This bug allowed a hacker to expose private information, including originating IP. Hotspot Shield issued an update, which gives us an excuse to remind you that you should always install updates, especially on your VPN client software.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"Is it true that a VPN is completely unhackable?",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b},{uuid:"1df519dc-61c9-408c-bddf-57482820b322",creditCardData:c,description:"\u003Cp\u003EWe've done in-depth reviews of the following VPN services. If you're considering a VPN, you might want to read these articles first:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fnord-vpn-review-an-in-depth-look-at-a-popular-vpn\u002F\"\u003ENordVPN review: Sincere about security and privacy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fstrongvpn-review-a-clear-and-easy-to-use-vpn-ideal-for-coffee-shop-use\u002F\"\u003EStrongVPN Review: A clear and easy-to-use VPN ideal for coffee shop use\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fhotspot-shield-review-heres-a-vpn-that-actually-lives-to-up-hype\u002F\"\u003EHotspot Shield review: Here's a VPN that actually lives up to its hype\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fcyberghost-vpn-review-more-than-just-vpn-an-all-in-one-security-kit\u002F\"\u003ECyberGhost VPN review: More than just VPN, an all-in-one security kit\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zdnet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fipvanish-review-a-rich-wealth-of-options-and-surfing-controls\u002F\"\u003EIPVanish review: VPN delivers a wealth of options and browsing controls\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhile there are a tremendous number of VPN vendors out there, we think the following are some of the best:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgo.nordvpn.net\u002Faff_c?offer_id=378&aff_id=307&source=zdnet&aff_sub=[subid_value]&aff_sub2=whatisavpn&aff_sub3=xid:fr1617300800874cjf\"\u003ENordVPN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: 30-day refund, lots of simultaneous connections \u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fxvctlink.com\u002Fzdnet?offer=3monthsfree&a_fid=cnetvpn&data1=[subid_value]&data2=whatisavpn\"\u003EExpressVPN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: Detailed FAQ, good refund policy, Bitcoin\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.dpbolvw.net\u002Fclick-9041660-14365302?sid=[subid_value]|whatisavpn-xid-fr1617300800876adc\"\u003EIPVanish VPN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: Keeps no log files and has support for Kodi\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fclick.linksynergy.com\u002Fdeeplink?id=IokOf8qagZo&mid=38687&murl=https:\u002F\u002Fwww.purevpn.com\u002F&u1=[subid_value]|whatisavpn|xid:fr1617300800876cdh\"\u003EPureVPN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: Large network, strong technically, good performance \u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fget.surfshark.net\u002Faff_c?offer_id=50&aff_id=1511&source=zdnet&aff_sub=[subid_value]&aff_sub2=whatisavpn&aff_sub3=xid:fr1617300800876fii\"\u003ESurfshark\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: Unlimited device support, whitelisting feature\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kqzyfj.com\u002Fclick-9041660-14013166?sid=[subid_value]|whatisavpn-xid-fr1617300800876hef\"\u003ENorton Secure VPN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: Company is trustworthy and accountable\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fstrongvpn.com\u002F?tr_aid=CBSI=[subid_value]|whatisavpn\"\u003EStrongVPN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: Excellent infrastructure, decent price performance \u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tkqlhce.com\u002Fclick-9041660-14087873?sid=%5Bsubid_value%5D&url=https%3A%2F%2Fprivateinternetaccess.com?sid=whatisavpn\"\u003EPrivate Internet Access\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: Lowest yearly price, most servers\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.anrdoezrs.net\u002Flinks\u002F3586864\u002Ftype\u002Fdlg\u002Fsid\u002Fxid-fr1617300800876heg\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.cyberghostvpn.com\u002Fen_US\u002Foffer\u002Fstrm-bestvpn?sid=[subid_value]|whatisavpn\"\u003ECyberGhost\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: Supports Kodi, good Linux and router support\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E",edition:d,dislike:d,hed:"Who are the key players",imageCreditOverride:d,imageGroup:{},like:d,merchantOffers:[],shortcodeType:"listicle",subhed:d,supplementalText:d,supplementalUrl:d,techProd:c,usePricing:b}],reviewCards:[],noIndex:b,promoDek:c,promoHed:c,relAlternate:c,relHrefLang:c,relNext:c,relPrev:c,seoMetaDescription:c,seoNewsKeywords:c,seoOgDescription:c,seoOgImage:c,seoOgTitle:c,seoTwitterCreator:c,shortcodeTags:d,additionalShortcodeData:{showDisclosure:a,shortcodeCount:{total:30,image:1,commerce:28,pinbox:1}},site:e,titleTag:c,type:s,video:c,suppressAds:b,suppressBio:b,suppressComments:b}},{id:"5b390374-e2b1-4ff6-8bad-6624fec1d6e9",meta:{componentName:"recommended-content",componentDisplayName:"Recommended Content",componentType:"ContentList"},metadata:{},links:{self:{href:"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20230107204036\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fcmg-prod.apigee.net\u002Fv1\u002Fxapi\u002Frecommendations\u002Fadmiral\u002Fzdnet\u002Fgenreco\u002F4e160c6d-053c-4171-a539-b848c1da2d3a\u002Fweb?apiKey=hzY568JORMZcDzoFQ1ey5LBJuBS7DncX&componentName=recommended-content&componentDisplayName=Recommended%20Content&componentType=ContentList&content_type=article&boost=content_subtype%3Abest-list%3A2.0%2Ccontent_subtype%3Areview-single%3A1.75%2Ccontent_subtype%3Areview-multi%3A1.75%2Ccontent_subtype%3Anews-promo%3A1.75%2Ccontent_subtype%3Amisc-commerce%3A1.75&date_range=336&limit=5&hydrate=true"}},items:[{author:{id:"0a6fffc2-2220-44ba-99e4-4c567f6f57bb",username:"maria-diaz-zd",profileUrl:c,email:c,firstName:"Maria",lastName:"Diaz",jobTitle:c,dateCreated:{created:c,date:c,timezone:c,updated:c,published:c},image:{id:"d89921b7-c002-40ef-8401-f002f1a769e9",filename:"maria-diaz.jpg",dateCreated:{created:c,date:"2022-08-05 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