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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norman_occupation_and_Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norman_occupation_and_Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Norman occupation and Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norman_occupation_and_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-County_town_of_Glamorganshire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#County_town_of_Glamorganshire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>County town of Glamorganshire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-County_town_of_Glamorganshire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building_the_docks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building_the_docks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Building the docks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building_the_docks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-County_Borough_of_Cardiff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#County_Borough_of_Cardiff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>County Borough of Cardiff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-County_Borough_of_Cardiff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_and_capital_city_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_and_capital_city_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>City and capital city status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_and_capital_city_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>Language schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shopping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shopping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Shopping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shopping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Metro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road_and_bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_and_bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Road and bus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_and_bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Cycle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Telecommunications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telecommunications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Telecommunications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telecommunications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks_and_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks_and_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Landmarks and attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks_and_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Culture and recreation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_recreation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture and recreation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music_and_performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Music and performing arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Visual arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sporting_venues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sporting_venues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Sporting venues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sporting_venues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>Recreation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twinning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twinning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Twinning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twinning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Namesakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namesakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Namesakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namesakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diplomatic_presence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diplomatic_presence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Diplomatic presence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diplomatic_presence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedom_of_the_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_of_the_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>Freedom of the City</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Freedom_of_the_City-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Freedom of the City subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Freedom_of_the_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20.1</span> <span>Individuals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20.2</span> <span>Military units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">23</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cardiff</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 132 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-132" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">132 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%B2%E1%8D%8D" title="ካርዲፍ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካርዲፍ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81" title="كارديف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كارديف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caerdydd" title="Caerdydd – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Caerdydd" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1rdif" title="Cárdif – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cárdif" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardiff" title="Kardiff – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kardiff" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%81" title="کاردیف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کاردیف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB" title="কার্ডিফ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কার্ডিফ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%84" title="Кардыф – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кардыф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%84" title="Кардыф – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кардыф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB" title="कार्डिफ – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कार्डिफ" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Кардиф – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кардиф" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerdiz" title="Kerdiz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kerdiz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff_(kapital_sa_apil_sa_nasod)" title="Cardiff (kapital sa apil sa nasod) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Cardiff (kapital sa apil sa nasod)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caerdydd" title="Caerdydd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Caerdydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81" title="كارديف – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كارديف" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caerdydd" title="Caerdydd – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Caerdydd" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%86" title="Κάρντιφ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάρντιφ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardifo" title="Kardifo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kardifo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%81" title="کاردیف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاردیف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caerdydd" title="Caerdydd – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Caerdydd" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayr_Deeth" title="Cayr Deeth – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Cayr Deeth" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caerdydd" title="Caerdydd – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Caerdydd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%94%94%ED%94%84" title="카디프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카디프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%AB%D6%86" title="Քարդիֆ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քարդիֆ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC" title="कार्डिफ़ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कार्डिफ़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff_(Wales)" title="Cardiff (Wales) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cardiff (Wales)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84" title="Кардифф – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кардифф" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A3" title="קארדיף – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קארדיף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="კარდიფი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კარდიფი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84" title="Кардифф – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кардифф" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardydh" title="Kardydh – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kardydh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadif" title="Kadif – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kadif" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84" title="Кардифф – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кардифф" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiffa" title="Cardiffa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cardiffa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81rdifa" title="Kārdifa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kārdifa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardifas" title="Kardifas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kardifas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caerdydd" title="Caerdydd – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Caerdydd" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Кардиф – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кардиф" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D" title="കാർഡിഫ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാർഡിഫ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB" title="कार्डिफ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कार्डिफ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81" title="كارديف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كارديف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%81" title="کاردیف – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کاردیف" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%90" title="ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯐ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯐ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84" title="Кардифф – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кардифф" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ကားဒစ်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကားဒစ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%95" title="カーディフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カーディフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caerdydd" title="Caerdydd – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Caerdydd" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC" title="ਕਾਰਡਿਫ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਰਡਿਫ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%88%D9%81" title="کارڈف – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کارڈف" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84" title="Кардифф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кардифф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairdiff" title="Cairdiff – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cairdiff" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardif" title="Kardif – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kardif" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%81" title="کاردیف – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کاردیف" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Кардиф – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кардиф" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D" title="கார்டிஃப் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கார்டிஃப்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84" title="Кардифф – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кардифф" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%8C" title="คาร์ดิฟฟ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาร์ดิฟฟ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84" title="Кардифф – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Кардифф" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%84%D1%84" title="Кардіфф – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кардіфф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%88%D9%81" title="کارڈف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کارڈف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caerdydd" title="Caerdydd – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Caerdydd" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%BF%AA%E5%A4%AB" title="卡迪夫 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卡迪夫" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A3" title="קארדיף – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קארדיף" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%BF%AA%E5%A4%AB" title="卡迪夫 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="卡迪夫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cardiff" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Cardiff" 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.geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cardiff&params=51_29_N_03_11_W_region:GB_type:adm2nd"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°29′N</span> <span class="longitude">03°11′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.483°N 3.183°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.483; -3.183</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital and largest city of Wales</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cardiff (disambiguation)">Cardiff (disambiguation)</a>.</span> <span>"Caerdydd" redirects here. For the TV sitcom, see <a href="/wiki/Caerdydd_(TV_series)" title="Caerdydd (TV series)"><i>Caerdydd</i> (TV series)</a>.</span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city and county in Wales</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Cardiff</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Caerdydd</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Principal_areas_of_Wales" title="Principal areas of Wales">county</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:262px;max-width:262px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div style="height:116px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff%27s_skyline_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Cardiff%27s_skyline_2020.jpg/258px-Cardiff%27s_skyline_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Cardiff%27s_skyline_2020.jpg/387px-Cardiff%27s_skyline_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Cardiff%27s_skyline_2020.jpg/516px-Cardiff%27s_skyline_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5279" data-file-height="2381" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Skyline of Cardiff</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div style="height:77px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senedd_(51845859151).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Senedd_%2851845859151%29.jpg/117px-Senedd_%2851845859151%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Senedd_%2851845859151%29.jpg/176px-Senedd_%2851845859151%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Senedd_%2851845859151%29.jpg/234px-Senedd_%2851845859151%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3931" data-file-height="2616" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Senedd_building" title="Senedd building">Senedd building</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:77px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_Bay_WMC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Cardiff_Bay_WMC.jpg/137px-Cardiff_Bay_WMC.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Cardiff_Bay_WMC.jpg/206px-Cardiff_Bay_WMC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Cardiff_Bay_WMC.jpg/274px-Cardiff_Bay_WMC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="283" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Wales_Millennium_Centre" title="Wales Millennium Centre">Wales Millennium Centre</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div style="height:89px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Llandaff_Cathedral_(geograph_3435762_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Llandaff_Cathedral_%28geograph_3435762_cropped%29.jpg/120px-Llandaff_Cathedral_%28geograph_3435762_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Llandaff_Cathedral_%28geograph_3435762_cropped%29.jpg/180px-Llandaff_Cathedral_%28geograph_3435762_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Llandaff_Cathedral_%28geograph_3435762_cropped%29.jpg/240px-Llandaff_Cathedral_%28geograph_3435762_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3459" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Llandaff_Cathedral" title="Llandaff Cathedral">Llandaff Cathedral</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style="height:89px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_Castle_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cardiff_Castle_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/134px-Cardiff_Castle_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cardiff_Castle_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/201px-Cardiff_Castle_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cardiff_Castle_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/268px-Cardiff_Castle_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3736" data-file-height="2490" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Castle" title="Cardiff Castle">Cardiff Castle</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div style="height:89px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_(15989519375).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Cardiff_%2815989519375%29.jpg/135px-Cardiff_%2815989519375%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Cardiff_%2815989519375%29.jpg/203px-Cardiff_%2815989519375%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Cardiff_%2815989519375%29.jpg/270px-Cardiff_%2815989519375%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3657" data-file-height="2438" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_Cardiff" title="City Hall, Cardiff">City Hall</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:121px;max-width:121px"><div style="height:89px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amgueddfa_Genedlaethol_Caerdydd.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Amgueddfa_Genedlaethol_Caerdydd.JPG/119px-Amgueddfa_Genedlaethol_Caerdydd.JPG" decoding="async" width="119" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Amgueddfa_Genedlaethol_Caerdydd.JPG/179px-Amgueddfa_Genedlaethol_Caerdydd.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Amgueddfa_Genedlaethol_Caerdydd.JPG/238px-Amgueddfa_Genedlaethol_Caerdydd.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3012" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_Cardiff" title="National Museum Cardiff">National Museum</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div style="height:95px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_Central_Library,_October_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cardiff_Central_Library%2C_October_2022.jpg/110px-Cardiff_Central_Library%2C_October_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cardiff_Central_Library%2C_October_2022.jpg/165px-Cardiff_Central_Library%2C_October_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cardiff_Central_Library%2C_October_2022.jpg/220px-Cardiff_Central_Library%2C_October_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2983" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Central_Library" title="Cardiff Central Library">Central Library</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"><div style="height:95px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Principality_Stadium_May_3,_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Principality_Stadium_May_3%2C_2016.jpg/144px-Principality_Stadium_May_3%2C_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Principality_Stadium_May_3%2C_2016.jpg/216px-Principality_Stadium_May_3%2C_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Principality_Stadium_May_3%2C_2016.jpg/288px-Principality_Stadium_May_3%2C_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1664" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Stadium" title="Millennium Stadium">Principality Stadium</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cardiff.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Cardiff"><img alt="Flag of Cardiff" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_Cardiff.svg/100px-Flag_of_Cardiff.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_Cardiff.svg/150px-Flag_of_Cardiff.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_Cardiff.svg/200px-Flag_of_Cardiff.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Cardiff.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Cardiff"><img alt="Coat of arms of Cardiff" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Cardiff.svg/89px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Cardiff.svg.png" decoding="async" width="89" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Cardiff.svg/133px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Cardiff.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Cardiff.svg/178px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Cardiff.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="576" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Mottoes: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i lang="cy">Y ddraig goch ddyry cychwyn</i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'the red dragon will lead the way'</li><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i lang="cy">Deffro mae'n ddydd!</i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'awake, it is day!'</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cardiff shown within Wales"><img alt="Cardiff shown within Wales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Cardiff_UK_location_map.svg/250px-Cardiff_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Cardiff_UK_location_map.svg/375px-Cardiff_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Cardiff_UK_location_map.svg/500px-Cardiff_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1187" data-file-height="1266" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Cardiff shown within <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cardiff&params=51_29_N_03_11_W_region:GB_type:adm2nd"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°29′N</span> <span class="longitude">03°11′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.483°N 3.183°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.483; -3.183</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Preserved_counties_of_Wales" title="Preserved counties of Wales">Preserved county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Glamorgan" title="South Glamorgan">South Glamorgan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City status</th><td class="infobox-data">1905</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital city</th><td class="infobox-data">1955</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administrative<span class="nowrap"> </span>HQ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_Cardiff" title="City Hall, Cardiff">City Hall</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Council_leadership_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Council_leadership-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Wales#Principal_councils" title="Local government in Wales">Principal council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Council" title="Cardiff Council">Cardiff Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Political_make-up_of_local_councils_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom">Control</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MPs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>4 MPs</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;display:none;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cardiff West (UK Parliament constituency)">Cardiff West</a> (L)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_South_and_Penarth_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cardiff South and Penarth (UK Parliament constituency)">Cardiff South and Penarth</a> (L)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cardiff North (UK Parliament constituency)">Cardiff North</a> (L)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cardiff East (UK Parliament constituency)">Cardiff East</a> (L)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Senedd" title="Member of the Senedd">MSs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>4 MSs</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;display:none;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_West_(Senedd_constituency)" title="Cardiff West (Senedd constituency)">Cardiff West</a> (L)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_South_and_Penarth_(Senedd_constituency)" title="Cardiff South and Penarth (Senedd constituency)">Cardiff South and Penarth</a> (L)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_North_(Senedd_constituency)" title="Cardiff North (Senedd constituency)">Cardiff North</a> (L)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Central_(Senedd_constituency)" title="Cardiff Central (Senedd constituency)">Cardiff Central</a> (L)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-popstats_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popstats-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">54 sq mi (141 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_principal_areas" title="List of Welsh principal areas">19th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-popstats_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popstats-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">372,089</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_principal_areas" title="List of Welsh principal areas">1st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">6,840/sq mi (2,641/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Ethnicity <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021</a>)</span><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2021_Nomis_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">Ethnic groups</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 79.2% <a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">White</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 9.7% <a href="/wiki/British_Asians" title="British Asians">Asian</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 4.0% <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 3.8% <a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 3.3% <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">other</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Religion <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2021_Nomis_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Religion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 42.9% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Irreligion in the United Kingdom">no religion</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 38.3% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales#Christianity" title="Religion in Wales">Christianity</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 9.3% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Wales" title="Islam in Wales">Islam</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 1.5% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Wales" title="Hinduism in Wales">Hinduism</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.4% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Wales" title="Buddhism in Wales">Buddhism</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.4% <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Wales" title="Sikhism in Wales">Sikhism</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.2% <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Wales" title="History of the Jews in Wales">Judaism</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.6% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">other</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 6.3% not stated </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B0" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+0">UTC+0</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">GMT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">BST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode areas</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/CF_postcode_area" title="CF postcode area">CF</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">029</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:GB" title="ISO 3166-2:GB">GB-CRF</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/GSS_coding_system" title="GSS coding system">GSS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">W06000015</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cardiff.gov.uk">cardiff<wbr />.gov<wbr />.uk</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cardiff</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i lang="cy">Caerdydd</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cy-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">[kairˈdiːð,<span class="wrap"> </span>kaːɨrˈdɨːð]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/00\/Caerdydd.ogg\/Caerdydd.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Caerdydd.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Caerdydd.ogg/Caerdydd.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Caerdydd.ogg" title="File:Caerdydd.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of urban areas in the United Kingdom">largest city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>. Cardiff had a population of 372,089 in 2022<sup id="cite_ref-popstats_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popstats-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and forms a <a href="/wiki/Principal_areas_of_Wales" title="Principal areas of Wales">principal area</a> officially known as the <b>City and County of Cardiff</b> (Welsh: <i lang="cy">Dinas a Sir Caerdydd</i>). The city is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of cities in the United Kingdom">eleventh largest in the United Kingdom</a>. Located in the <a href="/wiki/South_East_Wales" title="South East Wales">southeast of Wales</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Capital_Region" title="Cardiff Capital Region">Cardiff Capital Region</a>, Cardiff is the <a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">county town</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_Wales" title="Historic counties of Wales">historic county</a> of <a href="/wiki/Glamorgan" title="Glamorgan">Glamorgan</a> and in 1974–1996 of <a href="/wiki/South_Glamorgan" title="South Glamorgan">South Glamorgan</a>. It belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Eurocities" title="Eurocities">Eurocities</a> network of the largest European cities.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small town until the early 19th century, its prominence as a port for coal when mining began in the region helped its expansion. In 1905, it was ranked as a city and in 1955 proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Wales" title="Capital of Wales">capital of Wales</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiff Urban Area">Cardiff Built-up Area</a> covers a larger area outside the county boundary, including the towns of <a href="/wiki/Dinas_Powys" title="Dinas Powys">Dinas Powys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penarth" title="Penarth">Penarth</a>. </p><p>Cardiff is the main commercial centre of <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> as well as the base for the <a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a>, the Welsh Parliament. At the 2021 census, the unitary authority area population was put at 362,400.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population of the wider urban area in 2011 was 479,000.<sup id="cite_ref-statswales.gov.wales_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statswales.gov.wales-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, it ranked sixth in the world in a <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (magazine)"><i>National Geographic</i> magazine</a> list of alternative tourist destinations.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the most popular destination in Wales with 21.3 million visitors in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cardiff is a major centre for television and film production (such as the 2005 revival of <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Torchwood" title="Torchwood">Torchwood</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_(TV_series)" title="Sherlock (TV series)">Sherlock</a></i>) and is the Welsh base for the main national broadcasters. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Bay" title="Cardiff Bay">Cardiff Bay</a> contains the <a href="/wiki/Senedd_building" title="Senedd building">Senedd building</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wales_Millennium_Centre" title="Wales Millennium Centre">Wales Millennium Centre</a> arts complex. Work continues at Cardiff Bay and in the centre on projects such as <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_International_Sports_Village" title="Cardiff International Sports Village">Cardiff International Sports Village</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roath_Lock" title="Roath Lock">BBC drama village</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a new business district.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Caerdydd</i></span> (the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> name of the city) derives from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Welsh" title="Middle Welsh">Middle Welsh</a> <span title="Middle Welsh-language text"><i lang="wlm">Caerdyf</i></span>. The change from <span title="Middle Welsh-language text"><i lang="wlm">-dyf</i></span> to <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">-dydd</i></span> shows the colloquial alteration of Welsh <i>f</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cy-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">[v]</a></span> and <i>dd</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cy-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">[ð]</a></span> and was perhaps also driven by <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk etymology</a>. This <a href="/wiki/Sound_change" title="Sound change">sound change</a> probably first occurred in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>; both forms were current in the <a href="/wiki/Tudor_period" title="Tudor period">Tudor period</a>. <span title="Middle Welsh-language text"><i lang="wlm">Caerdyf</i></span> has its origins in <a href="/wiki/Sub-Roman_Britain" title="Sub-Roman Britain">post-Roman</a> <a href="/wiki/Brythonic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Brythonic languages">Brythonic</a> words meaning "the fort of the <a href="/wiki/River_Taff" title="River Taff">Taff</a>". The <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Roman_Fort" title="Cardiff Roman Fort">fort</a> probably refers to that established by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Romans</a>. <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Caer</i></span> is Welsh for <i>fort</i> and <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">-dyf</i></span> is in effect a form of <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Taf</i></span> (Taff), the river which flows by Cardiff Castle, with the <span class="nowrap">⟨t⟩</span> showing <a href="/wiki/Consonant_mutation" title="Consonant mutation">consonant mutation</a> to <span class="nowrap">⟨d⟩</span> and the vowel showing <a href="/wiki/Affection_(linguistics)" title="Affection (linguistics)">affection</a> as a result of a (lost) <a href="/wiki/Genitive_case" title="Genitive case">genitive case</a> ending.<sup id="cite_ref-hwo_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hwo-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Anglicised" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicised">anglicised</a> <i>Cardiff</i> is derived from <span title="Middle Welsh-language text"><i lang="wlm">Caerdyf</i></span>, with the Welsh <i>f</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cy-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">[v]</a></span> borrowed as <i>ff</i> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span>, as also happens in <i>Taff</i> (from Welsh <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Taf</i></span>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Llandaff" title="Llandaff">Llandaff</a></i> (from Welsh <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Llandaf</i></span>). </p><p>The antiquarian <a href="/wiki/William_Camden" title="William Camden">William Camden</a> (1551–1623) suggested that the name Cardiff may derive from *<span title="Middle Welsh-language text"><i lang="wlm">Caer-Didi</i></span> ("the Fort of Didius"), a name supposedly given in honour of <span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Aulus_Didius_Gallus" title="Aulus Didius Gallus">Aulus Didius Gallus</a></span></span>, governor of a nearby province at the time when the Roman fort was established. Although some sources repeat this theory, it has been rejected on linguistic grounds by modern scholars such as Professor <span title="Welsh-language text"><span lang="cy" style="font-style: normal;">Gwynedd</span></span> Pierce.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Cardiff" title="History of Cardiff">History of Cardiff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cardiff_history" title="Timeline of Cardiff history">Timeline of Cardiff history</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeological</a> evidence from sites in and around Cardiff show that people had settled in the area by at least around 6000 BC, during the early Neolithic; about 1,500 years before either <a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza" title="Great Pyramid of Giza">Great Pyramid of Giza</a> was completed.<sup id="cite_ref-Coflein_St_L_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coflein_St_L-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coflein_Tink_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coflein_Tink-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coflein_Cae_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coflein_Cae-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coflein_Gwern_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coflein_Gwern-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stonehenge_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stonehenge-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include the <a href="/wiki/St_Lythans_burial_chamber" title="St Lythans burial chamber">St Lythans burial chamber</a> near <a href="/wiki/Wenvoe" title="Wenvoe">Wenvoe</a>, (approximately four miles or six km west of Cardiff city centre); the <a href="/wiki/Tinkinswood" title="Tinkinswood">Tinkinswood burial chamber</a>, near <a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas,_Vale_of_Glamorgan" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Nicholas, Vale of Glamorgan">St. Nicholas</a> (about six miles or ten km west of Cardiff city centre), the Cae'rarfau <a href="/wiki/Chambered_tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Chambered tomb">Chambered Tomb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creigiau" title="Creigiau">Creigiau</a> (about six miles or ten km northwest of Cardiff city centre) and the Gwern y Cleppa <a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">long barrow</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Coedkernew" title="Coedkernew">Coedkernew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a> (about eight miles or thirteen km northeast of Cardiff city centre). A group of five <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Britain" title="Bronze Age Britain">Bronze Age</a> <a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">tumuli</a> is at the summit of the <a href="/wiki/Garth_Hill" title="Garth Hill">Garth</a>, within the county's northern boundary.<sup id="cite_ref-Coflein_Garth_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coflein_Garth-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four <a href="/wiki/British_Iron_Age" title="British Iron Age">Iron Age</a> <a href="/wiki/Hill_fort#Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill fort">hill fort</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enclosure_(archaeology)" title="Enclosure (archaeology)">enclosure</a> sites have been identified within Cardiff's county boundaries, including <a href="/wiki/Caerau_Hillfort" title="Caerau Hillfort">Caerau Hillfort</a>, an enclosed area of <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>5.1 hectares (<span class="frac">12<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> acres).<sup id="cite_ref-Coflein_Graig_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coflein_Graig-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coflein_Craigyparc_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coflein_Craigyparc-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coflein_Llwynda_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coflein_Llwynda-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coflein_Caerau_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coflein_Caerau-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_Castle_(Roman_wall).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Cardiff_Castle_%28Roman_wall%29.jpg/220px-Cardiff_Castle_%28Roman_wall%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Cardiff_Castle_%28Roman_wall%29.jpg/330px-Cardiff_Castle_%28Roman_wall%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Cardiff_Castle_%28Roman_wall%29.jpg/440px-Cardiff_Castle_%28Roman_wall%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1845" /></a><figcaption>Front wall of <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Castle" title="Cardiff Castle">Cardiff Castle</a><br />part of the original Roman fort beneath the red stones</figcaption></figure> <p>Until the <a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_Britain" title="Roman conquest of Britain">Roman conquest of Britain</a>, Cardiff was part of the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Silures" title="Silures">Silures</a> – a <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_tribes_in_Britain" title="Iron Age tribes in Britain">Celtic British tribe</a> that flourished in the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> – whose territory included the areas that would become known as <a href="/wiki/Breconshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Breconshire">Breconshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monmouthshire_(historic)" title="Monmouthshire (historic)">Monmouthshire</a> and Glamorgan.<sup id="cite_ref-Wales_Hist_1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wales_Hist_1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 3.2 ha (8-acre) <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Roman_Fort" title="Cardiff Roman Fort">fort</a> established by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_army" title="Roman army">Romans</a> near the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/River_Taff" title="River Taff">River Taff</a> in AD 75, in what would become the north western boundary of the centre of Cardiff, was built over an extensive settlement that had been established by the Romans in the 50s AD.<sup id="cite_ref-Coflein_2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coflein_2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fort was one of a series of military outposts associated with <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Isca_Augusta" title="Isca Augusta">Isca Augusta</a></i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Caerleon" title="Caerleon">Caerleon</a>) that acted as border defences. The fort may have been abandoned in the early 2nd century as the area had been subdued. However, by this time a civilian settlement, or <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Vicus_(Rome)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicus (Rome)">vicus</a></i></span>, was established. It was likely made up of traders who made a living from the fort, ex-soldiers and their families. A <a href="/wiki/Roman_villa" title="Roman villa">Roman villa</a> has been discovered at <a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cardiff" title="Ely, Cardiff">Ely</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary with the <a href="/wiki/Saxon_Shore_forts" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxon Shore forts">Saxon Shore forts</a> of the 3rd and 4th centuries, a stone fortress was established at Cardiff. Similar to the shore forts, the fortress was built to protect <a href="/wiki/Britannia" title="Britannia">Britannia</a> from raiders.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coins from the reign of <a href="/wiki/Gratian" title="Gratian">Gratian</a> indicate that Cardiff was inhabited until at least the 4th century; the fort was abandoned towards the end of the 4th century, as the last Roman legions left the province of Britannia with <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Maximus" title="Magnus Maximus">Magnus Maximus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Visit_1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Visit_1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Little is known of the fort and civilian settlement in the period between the Roman departure from Britain and the Norman Conquest. The settlement probably shrank in size and may even have been abandoned. In the absence of Roman rule, Wales was divided into small kingdoms; early on, <a href="/wiki/Meurig_ap_Tewdrig" title="Meurig ap Tewdrig">Meurig ap Tewdrig</a> emerged as the local king in <a href="/wiki/Glywysing" title="Glywysing">Glywysing</a> (which later became <a href="/wiki/Glamorgan" title="Glamorgan">Glamorgan</a>). The area passed through his family until the advent of the Normans in the 11th century.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norman_occupation_and_Middle_Ages">Norman occupation and Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Norman occupation and Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_Castle_keep_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cardiff_Castle_keep_2018.jpg/220px-Cardiff_Castle_keep_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cardiff_Castle_keep_2018.jpg/330px-Cardiff_Castle_keep_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cardiff_Castle_keep_2018.jpg/440px-Cardiff_Castle_keep_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="3056" /></a><figcaption>The Norman keep</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1081 <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William I, King of England</a>, began work on the castle keep within the walls of the old Roman fort.<sup id="cite_ref-Coflein_1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coflein_1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cardiff Castle has been at the heart of the city ever since.<sup id="cite_ref-Cardiff_Visitors_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardiff_Visitors-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The castle was substantially altered and extended during the Victorian period by <a href="/wiki/John_Crichton-Stuart,_3rd_Marquess_of_Bute" title="John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute">John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute</a>, and the architect <a href="/wiki/William_Burges" title="William Burges">William Burges</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Scheduled_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scheduled-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Original Roman work can, however, still be distinguished in the wall facings. </p><p>A town grew up under the castle, consisting mainly of settlers from England.<sup id="cite_ref-Cardiffians_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardiffians-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cardiff had a population of between 1,500 and 2,000 in the Middle Ages – a normal size for a Welsh town in the period.<sup id="cite_ref-Tim_Lambert-short_history_of_Cardiff_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tim_Lambert-short_history_of_Cardiff-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the centre of the Norman <a href="/wiki/Marcher_lord" title="Marcher lord">Marcher Lordship</a> of Glamorgan. By the end of the 13th century, Cardiff was the only town in Wales with a population exceeding 2,000, although it remained relatively small compared with notable towns in England and continued to be contained within its walls, which were begun as a wooden <a href="/wiki/Palisade" title="Palisade">palisade</a> in the early 12th century.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was of sufficient size and importance to receive a series of charters, notably in 1331 from William La Zouche, Lord of Glamorgan through marriage with the <a href="/wiki/De_Clare" title="De Clare">de Clare</a> family,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III</a> in 1359,<sup id="cite_ref-calmview.cardiff.gov.uk_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-calmview.cardiff.gov.uk-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England" title="Henry IV of England">Henry IV</a> in 1400,<sup id="cite_ref-calmview.cardiff.gov.uk_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-calmview.cardiff.gov.uk-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI</a>. </p><p>In 1404, <a href="/wiki/Owain_Glynd%C5%B5r" title="Owain Glyndŵr">Owain Glyndŵr</a> burned Cardiff and took possession of the Castle.<sup id="cite_ref-Bob_Sanders-period_up_to_1699_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bob_Sanders-period_up_to_1699-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As many of the buildings were made of timber and tightly packed within the town walls, much of Cardiff was destroyed. The settlement was soon rebuilt on the same street plan and began to flourish again.<sup id="cite_ref-Tim_Lambert-short_history_of_Cardiff_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tim_Lambert-short_history_of_Cardiff-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Glyndŵr's statue was erected in Cardiff Town Hall in the early 20th century, reflecting the complex, often conflicting cultural identity of Cardiff as capital of Wales.) Besides serving an important political role in the governance of the fertile south Glamorgan coastal plain, Cardiff was a busy port in the Middle Ages and declared a <a href="/wiki/Staple_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Staple port">staple port</a> in 1327. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="County_town_of_Glamorganshire">County town of Glamorganshire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: County town of Glamorganshire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff-Castle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Cardiff-Castle.jpg/220px-Cardiff-Castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Cardiff-Castle.jpg/330px-Cardiff-Castle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Cardiff-Castle.jpg/440px-Cardiff-Castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption>View of Caerdiffe Castle</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_old_town_hall,_Glamorganshire.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Cardiff_old_town_hall%2C_Glamorganshire.jpeg/170px-Cardiff_old_town_hall%2C_Glamorganshire.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Cardiff_old_town_hall%2C_Glamorganshire.jpeg/255px-Cardiff_old_town_hall%2C_Glamorganshire.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Cardiff_old_town_hall%2C_Glamorganshire.jpeg/340px-Cardiff_old_town_hall%2C_Glamorganshire.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Town_Hall" title="Cardiff Town Hall">Cardiff old town hall</a> (1860)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1536, the <a href="/wiki/Laws_in_Wales_Acts_1535%E2%80%931542" class="mw-redirect" title="Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542">Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542</a> led to the creation of Glamorganshire and Cardiff was made the <a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">county town</a>, it also became part of <a href="/wiki/Kibbor" title="Kibbor">Kibbor</a> <a href="/wiki/Hundred_(county_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hundred (county subdivision)">hundred</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> around the same time the Herberts became the most powerful family in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-Cardiffians_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardiffians-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1538, <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a> closed Cardiff's <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> friaries, whose remains were used as building materials.<sup id="cite_ref-Tim_Lambert-short_history_of_Cardiff_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tim_Lambert-short_history_of_Cardiff-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A writer in this period noted: "The River Taff runs under the walls of his honours castle and from the north part of the town to the south part where there is a fair quay and a safe harbour for shipping."<sup id="cite_ref-Tim_Lambert-short_history_of_Cardiff_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tim_Lambert-short_history_of_Cardiff-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cardiff became a <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">borough</a> in 1542<sup id="cite_ref-Bob_Sanders-period_up_to_1699_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bob_Sanders-period_up_to_1699-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and further <a href="/wiki/Royal_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Charter">Royal Charters</a> were granted to it by Elizabeth I in 1600<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and James I in 1608.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1573, it was made a head port for collection of customs duties.<sup id="cite_ref-Cardiffians_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardiffians-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pembrokeshire" title="Pembrokeshire">Pembrokeshire</a> historian <a href="/wiki/George_Owen_of_Henllys" title="George Owen of Henllys">George Owen</a> described Cardiff in 1602 as "the fayrest towne in Wales yett not the welthiest".<sup id="cite_ref-Cardiffians_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardiffians-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It gained a second Royal Charter in 1608.<sup id="cite_ref-GoogoBits_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoogoBits-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Speed%27s_map_of_Cardiff_1610.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/John_Speed%27s_map_of_Cardiff_1610.jpg/220px-John_Speed%27s_map_of_Cardiff_1610.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/John_Speed%27s_map_of_Cardiff_1610.jpg/330px-John_Speed%27s_map_of_Cardiff_1610.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/John_Speed%27s_map_of_Cardiff_1610.jpg/440px-John_Speed%27s_map_of_Cardiff_1610.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="392" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Speed" title="John Speed">John Speed</a>'s map of Cardiff from 1610</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Channel_floods,_1607" class="mw-redirect" title="Bristol Channel floods, 1607">disastrous flood</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Channel" title="Bristol Channel">Bristol Channel</a> on 30 January 1607 (now believed to have been a tidal wave)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> changed the course of the River Taff and ruined <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Cardiff" title="St Mary's Church, Cardiff">St Mary's Parish Church</a>, which was replaced by a chapel of ease dedicated to St John the Baptist.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_English_Civil_War" title="Second English Civil War">Second English Civil War</a> <a href="/wiki/St_Fagans" title="St Fagans">St Fagans</a>, just to the west of the town, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St_Fagans" title="Battle of St Fagans">Battle of St Fagans</a>, between <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Royalist</a> rebels and a <a href="/wiki/New_Model_Army" title="New Model Army">New Model Army</a> detachment, was a decisive victory for the <a href="/wiki/Roundhead" title="Roundhead">Parliamentarians</a> that allowed <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> to conquer Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-Bob_Sanders-period_up_to_1699_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bob_Sanders-period_up_to_1699-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the last major battle in Wales, with about 200, mostly Royalist soldiers killed.<sup id="cite_ref-Cardiffians_34-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardiffians-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cardiff was at peace throughout the ensuing century. In 1766, <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart,_1st_Marquess_of_Bute" title="John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute">John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute</a> married into the Herbert family and was later created <a href="/wiki/Baron_Cardiff" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Cardiff">Baron Cardiff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cardiffians_34-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardiffians-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1778, he began renovating Cardiff Castle.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Racecourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Racecourse">racecourse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printing press</a>, bank and <a href="/wiki/Coffee_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Coffee house">coffee house</a> opened in the 1790s and Cardiff gained a <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach" title="Stagecoach">stagecoach</a> service to London. Despite these improvements, Cardiff's position in the Welsh <a href="/wiki/Urban_hierarchy" title="Urban hierarchy">urban hierarchy</a> declined over the 18th century. <a href="/wiki/Iolo_Morganwg" title="Iolo Morganwg">Iolo Morganwg</a> called it "an obscure and inconsiderable place" and the <a href="/wiki/Census_Act_1800" title="Census Act 1800">1801 census</a> found a population of only 1,870, making it only the 25th largest town in Wales, well behind <a href="/wiki/Merthyr" class="mw-redirect" title="Merthyr">Merthyr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Wales_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Wales-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Building_the_docks">Building the docks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Building the docks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Docks" title="Cardiff Docks">Cardiff Docks</a></div> <p>In 1793, <a href="/wiki/John_Crichton-Stuart,_2nd_Marquess_of_Bute" title="John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute">John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute</a> was born. He spent his life building the Cardiff docks and was later hailed as "the creator of modern Cardiff".<sup id="cite_ref-Cardiffians_34-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardiffians-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A twice-weekly boat service between Cardiff and <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a> opened in 1815,<sup id="cite_ref-Bob_Sanders_2_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bob_Sanders_2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1821, the Cardiff Gas Works was established.<sup id="cite_ref-Bob_Sanders_2_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bob_Sanders_2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the Napoleonic Wars Cardiff suffered some social and industrial unrest, starting with the trial and hanging of <a href="/wiki/Dic_Penderyn" title="Dic Penderyn">Dic Penderyn</a> in 1831.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_view_of_the_jubilee_dock,_Cardiff,_from_the_eastern_side.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/A_view_of_the_jubilee_dock%2C_Cardiff%2C_from_the_eastern_side.jpeg/220px-A_view_of_the_jubilee_dock%2C_Cardiff%2C_from_the_eastern_side.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/A_view_of_the_jubilee_dock%2C_Cardiff%2C_from_the_eastern_side.jpeg/330px-A_view_of_the_jubilee_dock%2C_Cardiff%2C_from_the_eastern_side.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/A_view_of_the_jubilee_dock%2C_Cardiff%2C_from_the_eastern_side.jpeg/440px-A_view_of_the_jubilee_dock%2C_Cardiff%2C_from_the_eastern_side.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>Jubilee dock, Cardiff, from the eastern side (1849)</figcaption></figure> <p>The town grew rapidly from the 1830s onwards, when the <a href="/wiki/John_Crichton-Stuart,_2nd_Marquess_of_Bute" title="John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute">Marquess of Bute</a> built a <a href="/wiki/Dock_(maritime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dock (maritime)">dock</a>, which eventually linked to the <a href="/wiki/Taff_Vale_Railway" title="Taff Vale Railway">Taff Vale Railway</a>. Cardiff became the main port for coal exports from the <a href="/wiki/Cynon_Valley" title="Cynon Valley">Cynon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhondda" title="Rhondda">Rhondda</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rhymney_Valley" title="Rhymney Valley">Rhymney</a> valleys, and grew in population at a rate of nearly 80 per cent per decade between 1840 and 1870. Much of this was due to migration from within and outside Wales: in 1841, a quarter of Cardiff's population were English-born and more than 10 per cent born in Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1881 census, Cardiff had overtaken Merthyr and Swansea to become the largest town in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cardiff's status as the premier town in South Wales was confirmed when it was chosen as the site for the <a href="/wiki/University_College_of_South_Wales_and_Monmouthshire" class="mw-redirect" title="University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire">University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire</a> in 1883.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Wales_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Wales-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A permanent military presence was established with the completion of <a href="/wiki/Maindy_Barracks" title="Maindy Barracks">Maindy Barracks</a> in 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cardiff faced a challenge in the 1880s when <a href="/wiki/David_Davies_(industrialist)" title="David Davies (industrialist)">David Davies of Llandinam</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Barry_Railway_Company" title="Barry Railway Company">Barry Railway Company</a> promoted rival docks at <a href="/wiki/Barry,_Vale_of_Glamorgan" title="Barry, Vale of Glamorgan">Barry</a>. These had the advantage of being accessible in all <a href="/wiki/Tide" title="Tide">tides</a>: David Davies claimed his venture would cause "grass to grow in the streets of Cardiff". From 1901 coal exports from Barry surpassed those from Cardiff, but the administration of the coal trade remained centred on Cardiff, in particular its <a href="/wiki/Coal_Exchange" title="Coal Exchange">Coal Exchange</a>, where the price of coal on the British market was determined and the first million-pound deal was struck in 1907.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Wales_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Wales-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city also strengthened its industrial base when the owners of the <a href="/wiki/Dowlais_Ironworks" title="Dowlais Ironworks">Dowlais Ironworks</a> in Merthyr (who would later form part of <a href="/wiki/GKN" title="GKN">Guest, Keen and Nettlefolds</a>) built a <a href="/wiki/Steel_mill" title="Steel mill">steelworks</a> close to the docks at East Moors, which Lord Bute opened on 4 February 1891.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="County_Borough_of_Cardiff">County Borough of Cardiff</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: County Borough of Cardiff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cardiff became a <a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">county borough</a> on 1 April 1889 under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1888" title="Local Government Act 1888">Local Government Act 1888</a>. The town had grown rapidly and had a population of over 123,000. It retained its county borough status until 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="What happened in 1974? How did it lose its county borough status? What is it now? (December 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_and_capital_city_status">City and capital city status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: City and capital city status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_St._John_the_baptist_church,_1852.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/View_of_St._John_the_baptist_church%2C_1852.jpeg/220px-View_of_St._John_the_baptist_church%2C_1852.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/View_of_St._John_the_baptist_church%2C_1852.jpeg/330px-View_of_St._John_the_baptist_church%2C_1852.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/View_of_St._John_the_baptist_church%2C_1852.jpeg/440px-View_of_St._John_the_baptist_church%2C_1852.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_John_the_Baptist_Church,_Cardiff" title="St John the Baptist Church, Cardiff">St John the Baptist Church, Cardiff</a>, the only medieval building next to Cardiff Castle to still be in city centre. Seen here in 1852</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_(15803795227).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cardiff_%2815803795227%29.jpg/220px-Cardiff_%2815803795227%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cardiff_%2815803795227%29.jpg/330px-Cardiff_%2815803795227%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cardiff_%2815803795227%29.jpg/440px-Cardiff_%2815803795227%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3521" data-file-height="2348" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_Cardiff" title="National Museum Cardiff">National Museum of Wales, Cardiff</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VII of the United Kingdom">King Edward VII</a> granted Cardiff <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city status</a> on 28 October 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It acquired a Roman Catholic cathedral in 1916. Later, more national institutions came to the city, including the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_Cardiff" title="National Museum Cardiff">National Museum of Wales</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_National_War_Memorial" title="Welsh National War Memorial">Welsh National War Memorial</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales" title="University of Wales">University of Wales</a> Registry Building, but it was denied the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Wales" title="National Library of Wales">National Library of Wales</a>, partly because the library's founder, Sir John Williams, considered Cardiff to have "a non-Welsh population".<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Wales_47-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Wales-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a brief post-war boom, Cardiff docks entered a prolonged decline in the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a>. By 1936, trade was at less than half its value in 1913, reflecting the slump in demand for <a href="/wiki/South_Wales_coalfield" class="mw-redirect" title="South Wales coalfield">Welsh coal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Wales_47-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Wales-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bomb damage in the <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Blitz" title="Cardiff Blitz">Cardiff Blitz</a> of World War II included the devastation of <a href="/wiki/Llandaff_Cathedral" title="Llandaff Cathedral">Llandaff Cathedral</a>, and in the immediate postwar years, the city's link with the Bute family came to an end. </p><p>The city was recognised as the <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Wales" title="Capital of Wales">capital city of Wales</a> on 20 December 1955, in a written reply by the <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gwilym_Lloyd_George,_1st_Viscount_Tenby" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwilym Lloyd George, 1st Viscount Tenby">Gwilym Lloyd George</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Caernarfon" title="Caernarfon">Caernarfon</a> had also vied for the title.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Welsh local authorities had been divided: only 76 out of 161 chose Cardiff in a 1924 poll organised by the <i>South Wales Daily News</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnes_2012_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnes_2012-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subject was not debated again until 1950, and meanwhile Cardiff took steps to promote its "Welshness". The stalemate between Cardiff and cities such as Caernarfon and Aberystwyth was not broken until Cardiganshire County Council decided to support Cardiff; and in a new local authority vote, 134 out of 161 voted for Cardiff.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnes_2012_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnes_2012-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cardiff therefore celebrated two important <a href="/wiki/Anniversary" title="Anniversary">anniversaries</a> in 2005. The Encyclopedia of Wales notes that the decision to recognise the city as the capital of Wales "had more to do with the fact that it contained marginal <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> constituencies than any reasoned view of what functions a Welsh capital should have." Although the city hosted the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a> in 1958, Cardiff became a centre of national administration only with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Office" title="Welsh Office">Welsh Office</a> in 1964, which later prompted the creation of various other public bodies such as the <a href="/wiki/Arts_Council_of_Wales" title="Arts Council of Wales">Arts Council of Wales</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Development_Agency" title="Welsh Development Agency">Welsh Development Agency</a>, most of which were based in Cardiff. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_Bay_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Cardiff_Bay_at_night.jpg/220px-Cardiff_Bay_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Cardiff_Bay_at_night.jpg/330px-Cardiff_Bay_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Cardiff_Bay_at_night.jpg/440px-Cardiff_Bay_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Redevelopment in the city's historic Cardiff Bay area</figcaption></figure> <p>The East Moors Steelworks closed in 1978 and Cardiff lost population in the 1980s,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> consistent with a wider pattern of counter-urbanisation in Britain. However, it recovered to become one of the few cities outside London where population grew in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period the <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Bay_Development_Corporation" title="Cardiff Bay Development Corporation">Cardiff Bay Development Corporation</a> was promoting the <a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">redevelopment</a> of south Cardiff; an evaluation of the regeneration of Cardiff Bay published in 2004 concluded that the project had "reinforced the competitive position of Cardiff" and "contributed to a massive improvement in the quality of the built environment, although it had "failed "to attract the major inward investors originally anticipated".<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1997_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="1997 Welsh devolution referendum">1997 Welsh devolution referendum</a>, Cardiff voters rejected the establishment of the National Assembly for Wales by 55.4% to 44.2% on a 47% turnout, which Denis Balsom partly ascribed to a general preference in Cardiff and some other parts of Wales for a British rather than exclusively Welsh <a href="/wiki/National_identity" title="National identity">identity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relative lack of local support for the Assembly and difficulties between the Welsh Office and Cardiff Council in acquiring the originally preferred venue, <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_City_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiff City Hall">Cardiff City Hall</a>, encouraged other local authorities to bid to house the Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Assembly was eventually located at <a href="/wiki/T%C5%B7_Hywel" title="Tŷ Hywel">Tŷ Hywel</a> in Cardiff Bay in 1999. In 2005, a new debating chamber on an adjacent site, designed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rogers" title="Richard Rogers">Richard Rogers</a>, was opened. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_in_Cardiff" title="Politics in Cardiff">Politics in Cardiff</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Council" title="Cardiff Council">Cardiff Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">Offices of the Welsh and UK governments in Cardiff</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:196px;max-width:196px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:142px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_13741_Crown_Buildings_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cardiff_13741_Crown_Buildings_01.JPG/194px-Cardiff_13741_Crown_Buildings_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="194" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cardiff_13741_Crown_Buildings_01.JPG/291px-Cardiff_13741_Crown_Buildings_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cardiff_13741_Crown_Buildings_01.JPG/388px-Cardiff_13741_Crown_Buildings_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3188" data-file-height="2344" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Headquarters" title="Headquarters">HQ</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Welsh Government</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Buildings,_Cathays_Park" title="Crown Buildings, Cathays Park">Crown Buildings, Cathays Park</a>, Cardiff</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:142px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HMRC_Central_Square.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/HMRC_Central_Square.jpg/190px-HMRC_Central_Square.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/HMRC_Central_Square.jpg/285px-HMRC_Central_Square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/HMRC_Central_Square.jpg/380px-HMRC_Central_Square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The HQ of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">UK Government's</a> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Secretary_of_State_for_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Secretary of State for Wales">Secretary of State for Wales</a> in <a href="/wiki/T%C5%B7_William_Morgan_-_William_Morgan_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Tŷ William Morgan - William Morgan House">William Morgan House</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The Senedd (Welsh Parliament; <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i lang="cy">Senedd Cymru</i>) has been based in Cardiff Bay since its formation in 1999 as the "National Assembly for Wales". The Senedd building was opened on 1 March 2006 by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom">The Queen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Senedd" title="Member of the Senedd">Members of the Senedd</a> (MSs), the Senedd Commission and ministerial support staff are based in Cardiff Bay. </p><p>Cardiff elects four constituency Members of the Senedd to the Senedd; the constituencies for the Senedd are the same as for the UK Parliament. All of the city's electors have an extra vote for the <a href="/wiki/South_Wales_Central_(Senedd_electoral_region)" title="South Wales Central (Senedd electoral region)">South Wales Central</a> regional members; this system increases proportionality to the Senedd. The most recent Senedd general election was held on <a href="/wiki/2021_Senedd_election" title="2021 Senedd election">6 May 2021</a>. </p><p>In the Senedd, Cardiff is represented by <a href="/wiki/Jenny_Rathbone" title="Jenny Rathbone">Jenny Rathbone</a> (Labour) in <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Central_(Senedd_constituency)" title="Cardiff Central (Senedd constituency)">Cardiff Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julie_Morgan" title="Julie Morgan">Julie Morgan</a> (Labour) in <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_North_(Senedd_constituency)" title="Cardiff North (Senedd constituency)">Cardiff North</a>, former First Minister <a href="/wiki/Mark_Drakeford" title="Mark Drakeford">Mark Drakeford</a> (Labour) in <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_West_(Senedd_constituency)" title="Cardiff West (Senedd constituency)">Cardiff West</a> and former First Minister <a href="/wiki/Vaughan_Gething" title="Vaughan Gething">Vaughan Gething</a> (Labour) in <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_South_and_Penarth_(Senedd_constituency)" title="Cardiff South and Penarth (Senedd constituency)">Cardiff South and Penarth</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2024_Wales_Cardiff_Constituencies_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2024_Wales_Cardiff_Constituencies_map.svg/150px-2024_Wales_Cardiff_Constituencies_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2024_Wales_Cardiff_Constituencies_map.svg/225px-2024_Wales_Cardiff_Constituencies_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2024_Wales_Cardiff_Constituencies_map.svg/300px-2024_Wales_Cardiff_Constituencies_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption>Map of the four constituencies covering Cardiff (in pink) since 2024. 1 = <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cardiff West (UK Parliament constituency)">Cardiff West</a>, 2 = <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cardiff North (UK Parliament constituency)">Cardiff North</a>, 3 = <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_South_and_Penarth_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cardiff South and Penarth (UK Parliament constituency)">Cardiff South and Penarth</a>, 4 = <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cardiff East (UK Parliament constituency)">Cardiff East</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>At Westminster, Cardiff is represented by four constituencies: <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cardiff East (UK Parliament constituency)">Cardiff East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cardiff North (UK Parliament constituency)">Cardiff North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_South_and_Penarth_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cardiff South and Penarth (UK Parliament constituency)">Cardiff South and Penarth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cardiff West (UK Parliament constituency)">Cardiff West</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Welsh Government</a> is headquartered in Cardiff's <a href="/wiki/Cathays_Park" title="Cathays Park">Cathays Park</a>, where most of its civil servants are based, with smaller numbers in other central locations: <a href="/wiki/Cathays" title="Cathays">Cathays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Cardiff" title="Canton, Cardiff">Canton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Bay" title="Cardiff Bay">Cardiff Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are other Welsh Government offices in other parts of Wales, such as Llandudno and Aberystwyth, and there are international offices.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">Cardiff Council buildings</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:205px;max-width:205px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:135px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_(15369893593).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Cardiff_%2815369893593%29.jpg/203px-Cardiff_%2815369893593%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="203" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Cardiff_%2815369893593%29.jpg/305px-Cardiff_%2815369893593%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Cardiff_%2815369893593%29.jpg/406px-Cardiff_%2815369893593%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3646" data-file-height="2431" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_Cardiff" title="City Hall, Cardiff">City Hall</a> is home to some of the Council's departments and Council Chambers.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:183px;max-width:183px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:135px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:County_Hall_on_Atlantic_Wharf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/County_Hall_on_Atlantic_Wharf.jpg/181px-County_Hall_on_Atlantic_Wharf.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/County_Hall_on_Atlantic_Wharf.jpg/272px-County_Hall_on_Atlantic_Wharf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/County_Hall_on_Atlantic_Wharf.jpg/362px-County_Hall_on_Atlantic_Wharf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_Cardiff" title="County Hall, Cardiff">County Hall</a> is the head office</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Between 1889 and 1974 Cardiff was a county borough governed by <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_County_Borough_Council" title="Cardiff County Borough Council">Cardiff County Borough Council</a> (known as Cardiff City Council after 1905). Between 1974 and 1996, Cardiff was governed by <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_City_Council" title="Cardiff City Council">Cardiff City Council</a>, a district council of <a href="/wiki/South_Glamorgan" title="South Glamorgan">South Glamorgan</a>. Since <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_(Wales)_Act_1994" title="Local Government (Wales) Act 1994">local government reorganisation in 1996</a>, Cardiff has been governed by the City and County Council of Cardiff, based at <a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_Cardiff" title="County Hall, Cardiff">County Hall</a> in Atlantic Wharf, Cardiff Bay. Voters elect 75 councillors every four years. </p><p>Between the 2004 and 2012 local elections, no individual political party held a majority on Cardiff County Council. The <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> held the largest number of seats and Cllr <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Berman" title="Rodney Berman">Rodney Berman</a> was Leader of the council.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Liberal Democrats and Plaid Cymru formed a partnership administration.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2012_Cardiff_Council_election" title="2012 Cardiff Council election">2012 elections</a> the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> achieved an outright majority, after gaining an additional 33 seats across the city. </p><p>Cardiff is divided into communities, several with their own <a href="/wiki/Community_council" title="Community council">community council</a> and the rest governed directly by Cardiff City Council. Elections are held every five years. The last contested elections would have been held at the same time as the <a href="/wiki/2017_Cardiff_Council_election" title="2017 Cardiff Council election">2017 Cardiff Council election</a> had there been more candidates standing than available seats. Those with community councils are: </p> <ul><li>Lisvane (10 seats)<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Old St. Mellons (9 seats)<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pentyrch (13 seats)<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Radyr & Morganstown (13 seats)<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tongwynlais (9 seats)<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>St Fagans (9 seats)<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cardiff" title="Geography of Cardiff">Geography of Cardiff</a></div> <p>The centre of Cardiff is relatively flat and bounded by hills to the east, north and west. Its location influenced its development as the world's largest coal port, notably its proximity and easy access to the coalfields of the <a href="/wiki/South_Wales_Valleys" title="South Wales Valleys">South Wales Valleys</a>. The highest point in the local authority area is <a href="/wiki/Garth_Hill" title="Garth Hill">Garth Hill</a>, 307 m (1,007 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>. </p><p>Cardiff is built on reclaimed marshland on a bed of <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> stones. This reclaimed marshland stretches from <a href="/wiki/Chepstow" title="Chepstow">Chepstow</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Ely_Estuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Ely Estuary">Ely Estuary</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is the natural boundary of Cardiff and the Vale of Glamorgan. Triassic landscapes of this part of the world are usually shallow and low-lying, consistent with the flatness of the centre of Cardiff.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The classic Triassic <a href="/wiki/Marl" title="Marl">marl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(geology)" title="Conglomerate (geology)">conglomerate</a> rocks are used predominantly throughout Cardiff as building materials. Many of these Triassic rocks are purplish, especially the coastal marl found near Penarth. One of the Triassic rocks used in Cardiff is "Radyr Stone", a <a href="/wiki/Freestone_(masonry)" title="Freestone (masonry)">freestone</a> which as its name suggests is quarried in the Radyr district.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cardiff has also imported some materials for buildings: <a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian</a> sandstones (the <a href="/wiki/Old_Red_Sandstone" title="Old Red Sandstone">Old Red Sandstone</a>) from the <a href="/wiki/Brecon_Beacons" title="Brecon Beacons">Brecon Beacons</a> has been used. Most famously, the buildings of <a href="/wiki/Cathays_Park" title="Cathays Park">Cathays Park</a>, the civic centre in the centre of the city, are built of <a href="/wiki/Portland_stone" title="Portland stone">Portland stone</a> from Dorset.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A widely used building stone in Cardiff is the yellow-grey <a href="/wiki/Early_Jurassic" title="Early Jurassic">Liassic</a> <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> rock of the Vale of Glamorgan, including the rare "Sutton Stone", a conglomerate of lias limestone and <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">carboniferous</a> limestone.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cardiff is bordered to the west by the rural district of the Vale of Glamorgan, also known as the Garden of Cardiff,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the east by the city of Newport; to the north by the <a href="/wiki/South_Wales_Valleys" title="South Wales Valleys">South Wales Valleys</a>, and to the south by the <a href="/wiki/River_Severn" title="River Severn">Severn Estuary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Channel" title="Bristol Channel">Bristol Channel</a>. The River Taff winds through the city centre and together with the <a href="/wiki/River_Ely" title="River Ely">River Ely</a> flows into the freshwater Cardiff Bay. A third river, the <a href="/wiki/Rhymney_River" title="Rhymney River">Rhymney</a>, flows through the east of the city directly into the Severn Estuary. </p><p>Cardiff lies near the <a href="/wiki/Glamorgan" title="Glamorgan">Glamorgan</a> <a href="/wiki/Heritage_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Heritage Coast">Heritage Coast</a>, stretching westward from Penarth and Barry – <a href="/wiki/Commuter_town" title="Commuter town">commuter towns</a> of Cardiff – with striped yellow-blue <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a> limestone cliffs. The Glamorgan coast is the only part of the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Sea" title="Celtic Sea">Celtic Sea</a> with exposed Jurassic (<a href="/wiki/Blue_lias" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue lias">blue lias</a>) geology. This stretch of coast with its reefs, sandbanks and serrated cliffs was a <a href="/wiki/Ship_graveyard" title="Ship graveyard">ship graveyard</a>; many ships sailing to Cardiff during the industrial era were wrecked on this hostile coastline during west/south-westerly gales. Smuggling, deliberate shipwrecking and attacks on ships were also common.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Cardiff" title="List of places in Cardiff">List of places in Cardiff</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_Bay_from_Penarth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cardiff_Bay_from_Penarth.jpg/220px-Cardiff_Bay_from_Penarth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cardiff_Bay_from_Penarth.jpg/330px-Cardiff_Bay_from_Penarth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cardiff_Bay_from_Penarth.jpg/440px-Cardiff_Bay_from_Penarth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4094" data-file-height="1845" /></a><figcaption>Overlooking <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Bay" title="Cardiff Bay">Cardiff Bay</a>, viewed from <a href="/wiki/Penarth" title="Penarth">Penarth</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathays_Library_(2010),_Cardiff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Cathays_Library_%282010%29%2C_Cardiff.jpg/220px-Cathays_Library_%282010%29%2C_Cardiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Cathays_Library_%282010%29%2C_Cardiff.jpg/330px-Cathays_Library_%282010%29%2C_Cardiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Cathays_Library_%282010%29%2C_Cardiff.jpg/440px-Cathays_Library_%282010%29%2C_Cardiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="346" /></a><figcaption>Cathays Library</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dock_feeder_canal_in_Atlantic_Wharf_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1654966.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Dock_feeder_canal_in_Atlantic_Wharf_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1654966.jpg/220px-Dock_feeder_canal_in_Atlantic_Wharf_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1654966.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Dock_feeder_canal_in_Atlantic_Wharf_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1654966.jpg/330px-Dock_feeder_canal_in_Atlantic_Wharf_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1654966.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Dock_feeder_canal_in_Atlantic_Wharf_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1654966.jpg/440px-Dock_feeder_canal_in_Atlantic_Wharf_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1654966.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The dock feeder canal<br /><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Wharf" title="Atlantic Wharf">Atlantic Wharf</a></figcaption></figure> <p>"Inner Cardiff" consists of the wards of <a href="/wiki/Plasnewydd" title="Plasnewydd">Plasnewydd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabalfa" title="Gabalfa">Gabalfa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roath" title="Roath">Roath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cathays_(electoral_ward)" title="Cathays (electoral ward)">Cathays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adamsdown" title="Adamsdown">Adamsdown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Splott" title="Splott">Splott</a> ward on the north and east of the city centre, and <a href="/wiki/Butetown" title="Butetown">Butetown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grangetown,_Cardiff" title="Grangetown, Cardiff">Grangetown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riverside,_Cardiff" title="Riverside, Cardiff">Riverside</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Cardiff" title="Canton, Cardiff">Canton</a> to the south and west.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inner-city areas to the south of the <a href="/wiki/A4161_road" title="A4161 road">A4161 road</a>, known as the "Southern Arc", are with the exception of Cardiff Bay some of the poorest districts of Wales, with low levels of economic activity.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, Gabalfa, Plasnewydd and Cathays north of the 'arc' have large student populations,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Pontcanna (north of Riverside and alongside Canton) is a favourite for students and young professionals. <a href="/wiki/Penylan" title="Penylan">Penylan</a>, to the north east of Roath Park, is an affluent area popular with older parents and the retired. </p><p>To the west lie <a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cardiff" title="Ely, Cardiff">Ely</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caerau,_Cardiff" title="Caerau, Cardiff">Caerau</a>, which have some of the largest housing estates in the United Kingdom. With the exception of some outlying privately built estates at <a href="/wiki/Michaelston-super-Ely" title="Michaelston-super-Ely">Michaelston-super-Ely</a>, this is an economically disadvantaged area with high numbers of unemployed households. <a href="/wiki/Culverhouse_Cross" title="Culverhouse Cross">Culverhouse Cross</a> is a more affluent western area of the city. <a href="/wiki/Fairwater,_Cardiff" title="Fairwater, Cardiff">Fairwater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heath,_Cardiff" title="Heath, Cardiff">Heath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birchgrove,_Cardiff" title="Birchgrove, Cardiff">Birchgrove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabalfa" title="Gabalfa">Gabalfa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mynachdy" title="Mynachdy">Mynachdy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Llandaff_North" title="Llandaff North">Llandaff North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Llandaff" title="Llandaff">Llandaff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Llanishen" title="Llanishen">Llanishen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radyr" title="Radyr">Radyr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whitchurch,_Cardiff" title="Whitchurch, Cardiff">Whitchurch</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tongwynlais" title="Tongwynlais">Tongwynlais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhiwbina" title="Rhiwbina">Rhiwbina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thornhill,_Cardiff" title="Thornhill, Cardiff">Thornhill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisvane" title="Lisvane">Lisvane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyncoed" title="Cyncoed">Cyncoed</a> lie in an arc from the north-west to the north-east of the centre. Lisvane, Cyncoed, Radyr and Rhiwbina contain some of the most expensive housing in Wales. </p><p>Further east lie the wards of Pontprennau and Old St Mellons, Rumney, <a href="/wiki/Pentwyn,_Cardiff" title="Pentwyn, Cardiff">Pentwyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Llanrumney" title="Llanrumney">Llanrumney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Llanedeyrn" title="Llanedeyrn">Llanedeyrn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trowbridge,_Cardiff" title="Trowbridge, Cardiff">Trowbridge</a>. The last four are largely public housing stock, although much new private housing is being built in Trowbridge. <a href="/wiki/Pontprennau" title="Pontprennau">Pontprennau</a> is the newest "suburb" of Cardiff, while <a href="/wiki/St_Mellons" title="St Mellons">Old St Mellons</a> has a history going back to the 11th-century <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" title="Norman Conquest">Norman Conquest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region that may be called "Rural Cardiff" contains the villages of <a href="/wiki/St._Fagans" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Fagans">St Fagans</a>, Creigiau, <a href="/wiki/Pentyrch" title="Pentyrch">Pentyrch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tongwynlais" title="Tongwynlais">Tongwynlais</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gwaelod-y-garth" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwaelod-y-garth">Gwaelod-y-garth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, plans were approved for a new suburb of 7,000 homes between <a href="/wiki/Radyr" title="Radyr">Radyr</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Fagans" title="St Fagans">St Fagans</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/Plasdwr" title="Plasdwr">Plasdŵr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> St Fagans, home to the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Welsh_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Welsh Life">Museum of Welsh Life</a>, is protected from further development.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2000, there has been a marked change of scale and building height in Cardiff, with the development of the <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_city_centre" title="Cardiff city centre">city centre</a>'s first purpose-built high-rise apartments.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_Cardiff" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in Cardiff">Tall buildings</a> have been built in the city centre and Cardiff Bay, and more are planned.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_United_Kingdom#Wales" title="Climate of the United Kingdom">Climate of the United Kingdom § Wales</a></div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th>Cardiff </th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.432em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">122</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.46em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.66em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.96em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">2</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.704em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">85</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.42em;height:1.3em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.72em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">9</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.92em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">2</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.796em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">90</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.8em;height:1.42em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.22em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">4</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.372em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">69</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.04em;height:1.72em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.76em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">14</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.54em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">5</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.446em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">72</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.66em;height:1.76em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.42em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">17</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.16em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.332em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">67</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.2em;height:1.76em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.96em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">20</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.568em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">78</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.62em;height:1.72em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.34em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">22</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.12em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">13</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.868em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">93</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.56em;height:1.74em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">22</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.06em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">13</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.88em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">94</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.1em;height:1.66em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.76em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">19</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.6em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.67em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">134</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.54em;height:1.44em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.98em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">15</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.04em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.468em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">123</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.92em;height:1.34em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.26em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.42em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">5</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.506em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">125</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.52em;height:1.22em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.74em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">9</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.02em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">3</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19812010/sites/cardiff.html">Met Office</a>, 1981–2010 averages</td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Imperial conversion</th></tr> <tr><td>J</td><td>F</td><td>M</td><td>A</td><td>M</td><td>J</td><td>J</td><td>A</td><td>S</td><td>O</td><td>N</td><td>D</td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.432em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">4.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.46em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.66em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">47</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.96em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">36</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.704em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.4</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.42em;height:1.3em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.72em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">47</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.92em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">36</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.796em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.5</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.8em;height:1.42em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.22em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">52</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">39</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.372em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.7</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.04em;height:1.72em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.76em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">57</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.54em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">41</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.446em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.66em;height:1.76em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.42em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">63</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.16em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">47</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.332em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.2em;height:1.76em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.96em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">68</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">52</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.568em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.62em;height:1.72em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.34em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">71</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.12em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">56</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.868em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.7</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.56em;height:1.74em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">71</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.06em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">55</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.88em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.7</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.1em;height:1.66em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.76em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">66</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.6em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">51</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.67em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">5.3</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.54em;height:1.44em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.98em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">59</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.04em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">46</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.468em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">4.9</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.92em;height:1.34em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.26em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">52</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.42em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">40</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.506em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">4.9</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.52em;height:1.22em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.74em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">48</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.02em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">37</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Cardiff, in the <a href="/wiki/Temperate_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate zone">north temperate zone</a>, has a <a href="/wiki/Maritime_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime climate">maritime climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: Cfb) marked by mild weather that is often cloudy, wet and windy.<sup id="cite_ref-Met_Off_1_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Met_Off_1-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cardiff is one of the warmest and wettest cities in the UK, with an average annual temperature and rainfall of approximately 11°C and 1200mm respectively. Summers tend to be warm and sunny, with average maxima between 19 and 22 °C (66 and 72 °F). Winters are fairly wet, but excessive rainfall as well as frost are rare. Spring and autumn feel similar, with mild temperatures averaging around 15°C as daytime maxima. Rain is unpredictable at any time of year, although showers tend to be shorter in summer.<sup id="cite_ref-Airport_guide_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Airport_guide-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The northern part of the county, being higher and inland, tends to be cooler and wetter than the city centre.<sup id="cite_ref-OS_171_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OS_171-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cardiff's maximum and minimum monthly temperatures average 21.5 °C (70.7 °F) (July) and 2.1 °C (35.8 °F) (February).<br />For Wales, the temperatures average 19.1 °C (66.4 °F) (July) and 1.1 °C (34.0 °F) (February).<sup id="cite_ref-Met_Off_2_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Met_Off_2-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Met_Off_3_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Met_Off_3-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cardiff has 1,518 hours of sunshine in an average year (Wales 1,388.7 hours). Cardiff is sunniest in July, with an average 203.4 hours during the month (Wales 183.3 hours), and least sunny in December with 44.6 hours (Wales 38.5 hours).<sup id="cite_ref-Met_Off_2_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Met_Off_2-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Met_Off_3_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Met_Off_3-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cardiff experiences less rainfall than average for Wales. It falls on 146 days in an average year, with total annual rainfall of 1,151.9 mm (45.35 in). Monthly rainfall patterns show that from October to January, average monthly rainfall in Cardiff exceeds 100 mm (3.9 in) each month, the wettest month being December with 125.3 mm (4.93 in) and the driest from April to June, with average monthly rainfall fairly consistent between 65 and 75 mm (2.6 and 3.0 in).<sup id="cite_ref-Met_Off_2_96-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Met_Off_2-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Met_Off_3_97-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Met_Off_3-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Cardiff (<a href="/wiki/Bute_Park" title="Bute Park">Bute Park</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Location_identifier#WMO_station_identifiers" title="Location identifier">WMO ID</a>: 99610; coordinates <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cardiff&params=51.48818_N_3.18859_W_type:landmark_region:GB&title=Met+Office+Bute+Park"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°29′17″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°11′19″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.48818°N 3.18859°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.48818; -3.18859</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Met Office Bute Park</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>; elevation: 9 m (30 ft); 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1913–present<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5<br />(94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.7<br />(85.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.5<br />(94.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.7<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.1<br />(12.0) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.9<br />(16.0) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.8<br />(23.4) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.7<br />(16.3) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.1<br />(13.8) </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−16.7<br />(1.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #41FF41; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.0<br />(5.00) </td> <td style="background: #66FF66; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.0<br />(3.66) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.3<br />(3.36) </td> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.1<br />(2.84) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.5<br />(3.09) </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.5<br />(2.89) </td> <td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.6<br />(3.29) </td> <td style="background: #62FF62; color:#000000;" class="notheme">104.8<br />(4.13) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.3<br />(3.40) </td> <td style="background: #3EFF3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">129.1<br />(5.08) </td> <td style="background: #35FF35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">130.7<br />(5.15) </td> <td style="background: #2EFF2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">139.6<br />(5.50) </td> <td style="background: #66FF66; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,203.5<br />(47.39) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #3E3EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.6 </td> <td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.0 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.6 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.2 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">153.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #616161; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53.5 </td> <td style="background: #989898; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.2 </td> <td style="background: #B4B469; color:#000000;" class="notheme">116.6 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">177.0 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198.4 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.2 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">199.6 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">185.3 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">151.9 </td> <td style="background: #AEAE8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">103.9 </td> <td style="background: #7A7A7A; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.0 </td> <td style="background: #5C5C5C; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50.4 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC3A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,572.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a><sup id="cite_ref-Met_office_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Met_office-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey" title="Ordnance Survey">Ordnance Survey</a><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Meteorological_Institute" title="Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute">KNMI</a><sup id="cite_ref-KNMI_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KNMI-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starlings Roost Weather<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Extreme temperature records were measured at Cardiff (1913–1976), Cardiff Weather Centre (1982–2006) and Bute Park (1977–present).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cardiff" title="Demographics of Cardiff">Demographics of Cardiff</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1801</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,342</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">26,630</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+319.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">48,965</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+83.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">71,301</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+45.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">93,637</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+31.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">142,114</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+51.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">172,629</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">209,804</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">227,753</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">247,270</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+8.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">257,112</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">267,356</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">278,552</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">290,227</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">274,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−5.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">272,557</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">292,150</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">346,100</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">362,400</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.7%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left"><span style="font-size: smaller">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TPop&u_id=10150530&c_id=10001043&add=N">Vision of Britain</a> except 2011, which is the 2011 census data from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/population-and-household-estimates-for-wales/stb-2011-census-wales.html">Office for National Statistics</a>. Historical populations are calculated with the modern boundaries</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>After a period of decline in the 1970s and 1980s, Cardiff's population is growing again. It reached 362,400 in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2021" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2021">2021 census</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> compared to a <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2011">2011 census</a> figure of 346,100.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between mid-2007 and mid-2008, Cardiff was the fastest-growing local authority in Wales, with growth of 1.2%.<sup id="cite_ref-2008_population_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2008_population-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to 2001 census data, Cardiff was the 21st largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_conurbations_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of conurbations in the United Kingdom">urban area</a> in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cardiff <a href="/wiki/Larger_Urban_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Larger Urban Zone">Larger Urban Zone</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a> definition including the Vale of Glamorgan and a number of local authorities in <a href="/wiki/South_Wales_Valleys" title="South Wales Valleys">the Valleys</a>) has 841,600 people, the 10th largest LUZ in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cardiff and South Wales Valleys metropolitan area has a population of nearly 1.1 million.<sup id="cite_ref-espon.eu_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-espon.eu-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_northern_residential.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cardiff_northern_residential.jpg/220px-Cardiff_northern_residential.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cardiff_northern_residential.jpg/330px-Cardiff_northern_residential.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cardiff_northern_residential.jpg/440px-Cardiff_northern_residential.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Residential areas of northern Cardiff</figcaption></figure> <p>Official census estimates of the city's total population have been disputed. The city council published two articles arguing that the 2001 census seriously under-reported the population of Cardiff, and in particular the ethnic minority population of some inner city areas.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Welsh Government's official mid-year estimate of the population of the Cardiff local authority area in 2019 was 366,903.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the 2011, census the official population of the Cardiff Built Up Area (BUA) was put at 447,287.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BUA is not contiguous with the local authority boundary and aggregates data at a lower level; for Cardiff this includes the urban part of Cardiff, Penarth/Dinas Powys, Caerphilly and Pontypridd. </p><p>Cardiff has an ethnically diverse population due to past trading connections, post-war <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">immigration</a> and large numbers of foreign students who attend university in the city. The ethnic make-up of Cardiff's population at the 2011 census was: 84.7% White, 1.6% mixed White and Black African/Caribbean, 0.7% mixed White and Asian, 0.6% mixed other, 8.1% Asian, 2.4% Black, 1.4% Arab and 0.6% other ethnic groups.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means almost 53,000 people from a non-white ethnic group reside in the city. This diversity, especially that of the city's long-established African<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Arab<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> communities, has been recorded in cultural exhibitions and events, along with books published on this subject.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_and_Vale_University_Health_Board" title="Cardiff and Vale University Health Board">Cardiff and Vale University Health Board</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_Hospital_of_Wales,_Heath_Park_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1736088.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/University_Hospital_of_Wales%2C_Heath_Park_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1736088.jpg/220px-University_Hospital_of_Wales%2C_Heath_Park_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1736088.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/University_Hospital_of_Wales%2C_Heath_Park_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1736088.jpg/330px-University_Hospital_of_Wales%2C_Heath_Park_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1736088.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/University_Hospital_of_Wales%2C_Heath_Park_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1736088.jpg/440px-University_Hospital_of_Wales%2C_Heath_Park_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1736088.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="789" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_Hospital_of_Wales" title="University Hospital of Wales">University Hospital of Wales</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are seven NHS hospitals in the city, the largest being the <a href="/wiki/University_Hospital_of_Wales" title="University Hospital of Wales">University Hospital of Wales</a>, which is the third largest hospital in the UK and deals with most accidents and emergencies.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The University Dental Hospital, which provides emergency treatment, is also located on this site. <a href="/wiki/Llandough_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Llandough Hospital">Llandough Hospital</a> is located in the south of the city. </p><p><a href="/wiki/St_David%27s_Hospital,_Cardiff" title="St David's Hospital, Cardiff">St. David's Hospital</a>, the city's newest hospital, built behind the former building, is located in Canton and provides services for the elderly and children. <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Royal_Infirmary" title="Cardiff Royal Infirmary">Cardiff Royal Infirmary</a> is on Newport Road, near the city centre. The majority of this hospital was closed in 1999, but the west wing remained open for clinic services, genitourinary medicine and rehabilitation treatment. <a href="/wiki/Rookwood_Hospital" title="Rookwood Hospital">Rookwood Hospital</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Velindre_Cancer_Centre" title="Velindre Cancer Centre">Velindre Cancer Centre</a> are also located within Cardiff. They are administered by the <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_and_Vale_University_Health_Board" title="Cardiff and Vale University Health Board">Cardiff and Vale University Health Board</a>, with the exception of Velindre, which is run by a separate trust.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Spire_Healthcare" title="Spire Healthcare">Spire Healthcare</a>, a private hospital, is in Pontprennau.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiff dialect">Cardiff dialect</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bilingual_railway_sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_33133.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bilingual_railway_sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_33133.jpg/220px-Bilingual_railway_sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_33133.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bilingual_railway_sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_33133.jpg/330px-Bilingual_railway_sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_33133.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bilingual_railway_sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_33133.jpg/440px-Bilingual_railway_sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_33133.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>Bilingual signs are commonplace in Cardiff.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cardiff has a chequered linguistic history with <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>, English, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Norse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman French</a> preponderant at different times. Welsh was the majority language in Cardiff from the 13th century until the city's explosive growth in the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-welsh_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welsh-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As late as 1850, five of the 12 <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> churches within the current city boundaries conducted their services exclusively in Welsh, while only two worshipped exclusively in English.<sup id="cite_ref-welsh_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welsh-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1891, the percentage of Welsh speakers had fallen to 27.9% and only <a href="/wiki/Lisvane" title="Lisvane">Lisvane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Llanedeyrn" title="Llanedeyrn">Llanedeyrn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Creigiau" title="Creigiau">Creigiau</a> remained as majority Welsh-speaking communities.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Welsh language became grouped around a small cluster of chapels and churches, the most notable of which is Tabernacl in the city centre, one of four UK churches chosen to hold official services to commemorate the new millennium. </p><p>The city's first Welsh-language school (Ysgol Gymraeg Bryntaf) was established in the 1950s. Welsh has since regained ground.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aided by <a href="/wiki/Welsh-medium_education" title="Welsh-medium education">Welsh-medium education</a> and migration from other parts of Wales, there are now many more Welsh speakers: their numbers doubled between the 1991 and 2011 censuses, from 18,071 (6.6%) to 36,735 (11.1%) residents aged three years and above.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/LSOA" class="mw-redirect" title="LSOA">LSOA</a> (Lower Layer Super Output Area) with the highest percentage of Welsh speakers in the city centre is found in <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Cardiff" title="Canton, Cardiff">Canton</a>, at 25.5%.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The LSOA with the highest percentage of Welsh speakers in the whole of Cardiff is <a href="/wiki/Whitchurch,_Cardiff" title="Whitchurch, Cardiff">Whitchurch</a>, at 26%.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_129-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/City_of_Cardiff_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Cardiff Council">Cardiff City Council</a> adopted a five-year Welsh-language strategy in 2017, aimed at increasing the number of Welsh speakers (aged 3+) in Cardiff by 15.9%, from 36,735 in 2011 to 42,584 residents by the 2021 Census.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">ONS</a> estimated that in December 2020, 89,900 (24.8%) of Cardiff's population could speak Welsh.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to English and Welsh, the diversity of Cardiff's population (including foreign students) means that many other languages are spoken. One study has found that Cardiff has speakers of at least 94 languages, with <a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> being the most commonly spoken foreign ones.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The modern <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiff dialect">Cardiff accent</a> is distinct from that of nearby South Wales Valleys. It is marked primarily by: </p> <ul><li>Substitution of <span class="nowrap">⟨iə⟩</span> by <span class="nowrap">⟨jøː⟩</span><sup id="cite_ref-Phonetics_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phonetics-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cardiff_accent_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardiff_accent-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>here</i> [hiːə] pronounced as [(h)jøː] in the broader form<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2019)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The vowel of <i>start</i> may be realised as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[æː]</span> or even <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛː]</span>, so that <i>Cardiff</i> is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈkæːdɪf]</span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Language_schools">Language schools</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Language schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to its diversity and large student population, more people now come to the city to learn English. Foreign students from Arab states and other European countries are a common sight on the streets of Cardiff.<sup id="cite_ref-2008_population_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2008_population-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/British_Council" title="British Council">British Council</a> has an office in the city centre and there are six accredited schools in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Wales" title="Christianity in Wales">Christianity in Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Religion in Wales</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">Cardiff's cathedrals</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:189px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Llandaff_Cathedral_(geograph_3435762_upright).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Llandaff_Cathedral_%28geograph_3435762_upright%29.jpg/142px-Llandaff_Cathedral_%28geograph_3435762_upright%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Llandaff_Cathedral_%28geograph_3435762_upright%29.jpg/213px-Llandaff_Cathedral_%28geograph_3435762_upright%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Llandaff_Cathedral_%28geograph_3435762_upright%29.jpg/284px-Llandaff_Cathedral_%28geograph_3435762_upright%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1434" data-file-height="1910" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Llandaff_Cathedral" title="Llandaff Cathedral">Llandaff Cathedral</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> cathedral, the parish church of Llandaff, the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Llandaff" title="Bishop of Llandaff">Bishop of Llandaff</a>, the head of the <a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales" title="Church in Wales">Church in Wales</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:189px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eglwys_Gadeiriol_Caerdydd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Eglwys_Gadeiriol_Caerdydd.jpg/142px-Eglwys_Gadeiriol_Caerdydd.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Eglwys_Gadeiriol_Caerdydd.jpg/213px-Eglwys_Gadeiriol_Caerdydd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Eglwys_Gadeiriol_Caerdydd.jpg/284px-Eglwys_Gadeiriol_Caerdydd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Metropolitan_Cathedral" title="Cardiff Metropolitan Cathedral">Cardiff Metropolitan Cathedral</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> cathedral, the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Cardiff" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Cardiff">Archbishop of Cardiff</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 15915.284869129px; border-left-color:Grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Grey"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 235.12870827578px; border-left-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:White"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 212.51081731572px; border-left-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Purple"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 205.75905061887px; border-left-color:DarkKhaki"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkKhaki"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkKhaki"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 193.24964492842px; border-left-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 181.89932472811px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 147.145531582px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 41.053772886847px; border-left-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 209.09058255155px 100px 0; border-right-color:DarkOrange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:DarkOrange"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Cardiff (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkOrange; color:black;"> </span> No religion (42.9%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> Christianity (38.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> Islam (9.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;"> </span> Hinduism (1.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;"> </span> Buddhism (0.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkKhaki; color:black;"> </span> Sikhism (0.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Purple; color:white;"> </span> Judaism (0.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:White; color:black;"> </span> Other religion (0.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Grey; color:black;"> </span> Not stated (6.3%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>Since 1922, Cardiff has included <a href="/wiki/Llandaff" title="Llandaff">Llandaff</a> within its boundary, along with the <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> <a href="/wiki/Llandaff_Cathedral" title="Llandaff Cathedral">Llandaff Cathedral</a>, the parish church of Llandaff and the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Llandaff" title="Bishop of Llandaff">Bishop of Llandaff</a>, head of the <a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales" title="Church in Wales">Church in Wales</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Llandaff" title="Diocese of Llandaff">Diocese of Llandaff</a>. </p><p>There is a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Metropolitan_Cathedral" title="Cardiff Metropolitan Cathedral">cathedral</a> in the city. Since 1916, Cardiff has been the seat of a Catholic archbishop, but there appears to have been a fall in the estimated Catholic population, with numbers in 2006 around 25,000 fewer than in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, the Jewish population appears to have fallen – there are two synagogues in Cardiff, one in Cyncoed and one in Moira Terrace, as opposed to seven at the turn of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are several <a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">nonconformist</a> chapels, an early 20th century Greek Orthodox church and 11 mosques.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2001 census, 66.9% of Cardiff's population described itself as Christian, a percentage point below the Welsh and UK averages. </p><p>The oldest of the non-Christian communities in Wales is Judaism. Jews were not permitted to live in England and Wales between the 1290 <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Expulsion" title="Edict of Expulsion">Edict of Expulsion</a> and the 17th century. A Welsh Jewish community was re-established in the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was once a fairly substantial Jewish population in South Wales, most of which has disappeared. The <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Jewish">Orthodox Jewish</a> community congregations are consolidated in the <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_United_Synagogue" title="Cardiff United Synagogue">Cardiff United Synagogue</a> in Cyncoed, which was dedicated by Chief Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Sacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Sacks">Jonathan Sacks</a> in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Reform_Synagogue" title="Cardiff Reform Synagogue">Cardiff Reform Synagogue</a> is in Adamsdown. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:612px;max-width:612px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosque_in_Crwys_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_625292.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mosque_in_Crwys_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_625292.jpg/200px-Mosque_in_Crwys_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_625292.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mosque_in_Crwys_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_625292.jpg/300px-Mosque_in_Crwys_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_625292.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mosque_in_Crwys_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_625292.jpg/400px-Mosque_in_Crwys_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_625292.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jalal_Mosque,_Cardiff" title="Shah Jalal Mosque, Cardiff">Shah Jalal Mosque</a> on Crwys Road, Cardiff. Built in 1899 as a Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Chapel; a mosque since 1990.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shree_Swaminarayan_Temple_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1605788.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Shree_Swaminarayan_Temple_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1605788.jpg/200px-Shree_Swaminarayan_Temple_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1605788.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Shree_Swaminarayan_Temple_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1605788.jpg/300px-Shree_Swaminarayan_Temple_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1605788.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Shree_Swaminarayan_Temple_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1605788.jpg/400px-Shree_Swaminarayan_Temple_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1605788.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Shri_Swaminarayan_Mandir,_Cardiff" title="Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Cardiff">Shri Swaminarayan Mandir</a> in Grangetown is the first and largest Hindu temple in Wales.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sri_Dasmais_Singh_Sabha_Gurdwara_-_Cardiff_-_4836850.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sri_Dasmais_Singh_Sabha_Gurdwara_-_Cardiff_-_4836850.jpg/200px-Sri_Dasmais_Singh_Sabha_Gurdwara_-_Cardiff_-_4836850.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sri_Dasmais_Singh_Sabha_Gurdwara_-_Cardiff_-_4836850.jpg/300px-Sri_Dasmais_Singh_Sabha_Gurdwara_-_Cardiff_-_4836850.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sri_Dasmais_Singh_Sabha_Gurdwara_-_Cardiff_-_4836850.jpg/400px-Sri_Dasmais_Singh_Sabha_Gurdwara_-_Cardiff_-_4836850.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Sri Dasmais Singh Sabha Gurdwara, Bhatra Sikh centre, Riverside</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Cardiff's Muslim population is much above the Welsh average and the longest established in the UK, being started by Yemeni and Somali sailors settling in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cardiff now has over 11,000 Muslims with various national affiliations<sup id="cite_ref-cityprofile_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cityprofile-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – nearly 52 per cent of the Muslim population in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The proportion of Cardiff residents declaring themselves Hindu, Sikh and Jewish were all considerably higher than the Welsh averages, but lower than the UK figures. The city has had a Hindu community since Indian immigrants settled in the 1950s and 1960s. The first Hindu temple in the city was opened in <a href="/wiki/Grangetown,_Cardiff" title="Grangetown, Cardiff">Grangetown</a> on 6 April 1979 on the site of an abandoned synagogue.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 25th anniversary of the founding was celebrated in September 2007 with a parade of over 3,000 people through the city centre, including Hindus from across the United Kingdom and members of Cardiff's other religious communities.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are over 2,000 Hindus in Cardiff, worshipping at three temples.<sup id="cite_ref-cityprofile_146-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cityprofile-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2001 census 18.8% of the city's population stated they had no religion, while 8.6% did not state a religion.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_and_industry_of_Cardiff" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy and industry of Cardiff">Economy and industry of Cardiff</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Exchange_Hotel,_Cardiff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Exchange_Hotel%2C_Cardiff.jpg/220px-Exchange_Hotel%2C_Cardiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Exchange_Hotel%2C_Cardiff.jpg/330px-Exchange_Hotel%2C_Cardiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Exchange_Hotel%2C_Cardiff.jpg/440px-Exchange_Hotel%2C_Cardiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Coal_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="The Coal Exchange">The Coal Exchange</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As the capital city of Wales, Cardiff is the main engine of growth in the Welsh economy. Though the population of Cardiff is about 10% of the Welsh population, the economy of Cardiff makes up nearly 20% of Welsh GDP and 40% of the city's workforce are daily in-commuters from the surrounding South Wales area.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Industry has played a major part in Cardiff's development for many centuries. The main catalyst for its transformation from a small town into a big city was the demand for coal required in making iron and later steel, brought to sea by <a href="/wiki/Packhorse" title="Packhorse">packhorse</a> from <a href="/wiki/Merthyr_Tydfil" title="Merthyr Tydfil">Merthyr Tydfil</a>. This was first achieved by building a 25-mile (40 km) canal from Merthyr (510 ft or 160 m above sea level) to the <a href="/wiki/Taff_Estuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Taff Estuary">Taff Estuary</a> at Cardiff.<sup id="cite_ref-canal_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canal-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually the <a href="/wiki/Taff_Vale_Railway" title="Taff Vale Railway">Taff Vale Railway</a> replaced the canal barges and massive marshalling yards sprang up as new docks were developed in Cardiff – all prompted by the soaring worldwide demand for coal from the South Wales valleys. </p><p>At its peak, Cardiff's port area, known as <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Bay" title="Tiger Bay">Tiger Bay</a>, became the busiest port in the world and – for some time – the world's most important coal port.<sup id="cite_ref-Grauniad_Dinas_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grauniad_Dinas-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Dinas_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Dinas-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the years leading up to the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, more than 10 million tonnes of coal was exported annually from <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Docks" title="Cardiff Docks">Cardiff Docks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1907, Cardiff's <a href="/wiki/Coal_Exchange" title="Coal Exchange">Coal Exchange</a> was the first host to a business deal for a million <a href="/wiki/Pound_Sterling" class="mw-redirect" title="Pound Sterling">pounds Sterling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The high demand for Welsh coal and specifically Welsh artificial fuel, named Patent Fuel, is shown by the numerous factories producing this fuel, with the same recipe, in the region of Cardiff. Most well known factories were the Star Patent fuel Co., the Crown Patent fuel, the Cardiff Patent fuel etc.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a period of decline, due to low demand on coal, Cardiff's port has started to grow again – over 3 million tonnes of cargo passed through the docks in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:71_Bridge_Street_(1),_Cardiff_city_centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/71_Bridge_Street_%281%29%2C_Cardiff_city_centre.jpg/170px-71_Bridge_Street_%281%29%2C_Cardiff_city_centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/71_Bridge_Street_%281%29%2C_Cardiff_city_centre.jpg/255px-71_Bridge_Street_%281%29%2C_Cardiff_city_centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/71_Bridge_Street_%281%29%2C_Cardiff_city_centre.jpg/340px-71_Bridge_Street_%281%29%2C_Cardiff_city_centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>The 26-storey <a href="/wiki/Bridge_Street_Exchange" title="Bridge Street Exchange">Bridge Street Exchange</a> at 85 m (279 ft) in height, is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Cardiff" title="List of tallest buildings in Cardiff">tallest building in Cardiff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Beeb_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beeb-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Cardiff today is the main finance and business <a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">services</a> centre in Wales, with strong representation of finance and business services in the local economy. This sector, combined with the public administration, education and health sectors, have accounted for about 75% of Cardiff's economic growth since 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-employ_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-employ-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was recently placed seventh overall in the top 50 European cities in the fDI 2008 Cities of the Future list published by the <a href="/wiki/FDi_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="FDi magazine">fDi magazine</a>, and ranked seventh in terms of attracting foreign investment.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable companies such as <a href="/wiki/Legal_%26_General" title="Legal & General">Legal & General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Admiral_Insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiral Insurance">Admiral Insurance</a>, <a href="/wiki/HBOS" title="HBOS">HBOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Financial_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurich Financial Services">Zurich</a>, <a href="/wiki/ING_Direct" class="mw-redirect" title="ING Direct">ING Direct</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Automobile_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="The Automobile Association">The AA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_Building_Society" title="Principality Building Society">Principality Building Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/118_118_(UK)" title="118 118 (UK)">118118</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centrica_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrica plc">British Gas</a>, <a href="/wiki/SA_Brain_%26_Company_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="SA Brain & Company Ltd">Brains</a>, <a href="/wiki/SWALEC" title="SWALEC">SWALEC Energy</a> and <a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT</a>, all operate large national or regional headquarters and contact centres in the city, some of them based in Cardiff's office towers such as <a href="/wiki/Capital_Tower,_Cardiff" title="Capital Tower, Cardiff">Capital Tower</a> and Brunel House. Other major employers include <a href="/wiki/NHS_Wales" title="NHS Wales">NHS Wales</a> and the Senedd. On 1 March 2004, Cardiff was granted <a href="/wiki/Fairtrade_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairtrade City">Fairtrade City</a> status. </p><p>Cardiff is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the United Kingdom, receiving 18.3 million visitors in 2010 and generating £852 million for the city's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-tourism_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tourism-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One result is that one in five employees in Cardiff is based in the distribution, hotels and restaurants sector, highlighting the growing retail and tourism industries in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-employ_161-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-employ-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city has many hotels of varying sizes and standards, providing almost 9,000 available beds.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">The BBC Cymru Wales estate in Cardiff</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:183px;max-width:183px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:135px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_Cymru_Wales_(geograph_6226511)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/BBC_Cymru_Wales_%28geograph_6226511%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/181px-BBC_Cymru_Wales_%28geograph_6226511%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/BBC_Cymru_Wales_%28geograph_6226511%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/272px-BBC_Cymru_Wales_%28geograph_6226511%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/BBC_Cymru_Wales_%28geograph_6226511%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/362px-BBC_Cymru_Wales_%28geograph_6226511%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="498" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales_New_Broadcasting_House" title="BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House">BBC New Broadcasting House</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:205px;max-width:205px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:135px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roath_Lock_studios_in_Cardiff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Roath_Lock_studios_in_Cardiff.jpg/203px-Roath_Lock_studios_in_Cardiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="203" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Roath_Lock_studios_in_Cardiff.jpg/305px-Roath_Lock_studios_in_Cardiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Roath_Lock_studios_in_Cardiff.jpg/406px-Roath_Lock_studios_in_Cardiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3056" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Roath_Lock" title="Roath Lock">BBC Roath Lock Studios</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Cardiff is home to the Welsh media and a large media sector with <a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales" title="BBC Cymru Wales">BBC Cymru Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Wales_%26_West" title="ITV Wales & West">ITV Wales</a> all having studios in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-media_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-media-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a large independent TV production industry sector of over 600 companies, employing around 6,000, with a turnover estimated at £350 million.<sup id="cite_ref-media_165-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-media-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Just to the north-west of the city, in <a href="/wiki/Rhondda_Cynon_Taff" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhondda Cynon Taff">Rhondda Cynon Taff</a>, the first completely new film studios in the UK for 30 years are being built, to be named <a href="/wiki/Valleywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Valleywood">Valleywood</a>. The studios are set to be the biggest in the UK. In 2011 the BBC completed the <a href="/wiki/Roath_Lock" title="Roath Lock">Roath Lock</a> studios in Cardiff Bay to film dramas such as <i>Casualty</i>, <i>Doctor Who</i>, and <i>Pobol y Cwm</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cardiff has several regeneration projects, such as St David's 2 Centre and surrounding areas of the city centre, and the £1.4 billion International Sports Village in Cardiff Bay, which played a part in the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">London 2012 Olympics</a>. It features the only <a href="/wiki/Olympic-size_swimming_pool" title="Olympic-size swimming pool">Olympic-standard swimming pool</a> in Wales, the <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_International_Pool" title="Cardiff International Pool">Cardiff International Pool</a>, which opened on 12 January 2008. </p><p>According to the Welsh Rugby Union, the Principality Stadium contributed £1 billion to the Welsh economy in the ten years after it opened in 1999, with around 85% of that staying in the Cardiff area.<sup id="cite_ref-WRU_Mileniwm_1_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WRU_Mileniwm_1-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shopping">Shopping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Shopping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_arcades_in_Cardiff" title="List of shopping arcades in Cardiff">List of shopping arcades in Cardiff</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_David%27s_Centre_newly_opened.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/St_David%27s_Centre_newly_opened.jpg/220px-St_David%27s_Centre_newly_opened.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/St_David%27s_Centre_newly_opened.jpg/330px-St_David%27s_Centre_newly_opened.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/St_David%27s_Centre_newly_opened.jpg/440px-St_David%27s_Centre_newly_opened.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2793" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._David%27s_(Cardiff)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. David's (Cardiff)">St. David's</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Hayes" title="The Hayes">The Hayes</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_shopping_centres" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UK shopping centres">largest shopping centre in Wales</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of Cardiff's shopping portfolio is in the <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_city_centre" title="Cardiff city centre">city centre</a> around Queen Street, <a href="/wiki/St._Mary_Street/High_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary Street/High Street">St Mary Street and High Street</a>, with large suburban <a href="/wiki/Retail_parks" class="mw-redirect" title="Retail parks">retail parks</a> in Cardiff Bay, <a href="/wiki/Culverhouse_Cross" title="Culverhouse Cross">Culverhouse Cross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leckwith" title="Leckwith">Leckwith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penylan" title="Penylan">Newport Road</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pontprennau" title="Pontprennau">Pontprennau</a>, together with markets in the city centre and <a href="/wiki/Splott" title="Splott">Splott</a>. A £675 million regeneration programme for Cardiff's <a href="/wiki/St._David%27s_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="St. David's Centre">St. David's Centre</a> was completed in 2009, providing a total of 1,400,000 sq ft (130,000 m<sup>2</sup>) of shopping space, making it one of the largest shopping centres in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-stdavids2_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stdavids2-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The centre was named the international shopping centre of the year in 2010 by Retail Leisure International (RLI).<sup id="cite_ref-StDavid22_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StDavid22-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Summer_on_Queen_Street_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1363923.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Summer_on_Queen_Street_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1363923.jpg/220px-Summer_on_Queen_Street_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1363923.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Summer_on_Queen_Street_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1363923.jpg/330px-Summer_on_Queen_Street_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1363923.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Summer_on_Queen_Street_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1363923.jpg/440px-Summer_on_Queen_Street_-_Cardiff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1363923.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Queen Street, one of Cardiff's main shopping areas</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Castle_Quarter_(Cardiff)" title="Castle Quarter (Cardiff)">Castle Quarter</a> is a commercial area in the north of the city centre, which includes some of Cardiff's Victorian and Edwardian arcades: <a href="/wiki/Castle_Arcade" title="Castle Arcade">Castle Arcade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Arcade" title="Morgan Arcade">Morgan Arcade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Arcade,_Cardiff" title="Royal Arcade, Cardiff">Royal Arcade</a>, and principal shopping streets: <a href="/wiki/St_Mary_Street/High_Street" title="St Mary Street/High Street">St Mary Street, High Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Hayes" title="The Hayes">The Hayes</a>, and Queen Street. Morgan Arcade is home to <a href="/wiki/Spillers_Records" title="Spillers Records">Spillers Records</a>, the world's oldest record shop.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-spillers_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spillers-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cardiff has a number of markets, including the vast Victorian indoor <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Market" title="Cardiff Market">Cardiff Central Market</a> and the newly established Riverside Community Market, which specialises in locally produced organic produce.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Cardiff" title="Transport in Cardiff">Transport in Cardiff</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Cardiff" title="Rail transport in Cardiff">Rail transport in Cardiff</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Central_railway_station" title="Cardiff Central railway station">Cardiff Central railway station</a> is the largest railway station in Wales, with nine platforms coping with over 12.5 million passengers a year.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It provides direct services to <a href="/wiki/Bridgend_railway_station" title="Bridgend railway station">Bridgend</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newport_railway_station" title="Newport railway station">Newport</a>, long-distance, cross-Wales services to <a href="/wiki/Wrexham_General_railway_station" title="Wrexham General railway station">Wrexham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holyhead_railway_station" title="Holyhead railway station">Holyhead</a>, and services to <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Temple_Meads_railway_station" title="Bristol Temple Meads railway station">Bristol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_New_Street_railway_station" title="Birmingham New Street railway station">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Piccadilly_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester Piccadilly railway station">Manchester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paddington_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Paddington railway station">London</a>. Cardiff Central Station is situated within the southern border of what was known <a href="/wiki/Temperance_Town,_Cardiff" title="Temperance Town, Cardiff">Temperance Town</a>, a former residential area within central Cardiff. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Queen_Street_railway_station" title="Cardiff Queen Street railway station">Cardiff Queen Street railway station</a> is the second busiest in Wales and the hub for the <a href="/wiki/Valley_Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley Lines">Valley Lines</a> services that connect the <a href="/wiki/South_Wales_Valleys" title="South Wales Valleys">South Wales Valleys</a> and the Cardiff suburbs with the city centre. It is located at the eastern end of the city centre and provides services to Cardiff Bay. Cardiff has a <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Commuter rail in the United Kingdom">suburban rail system</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Valleys_%26_Cardiff_Local_Routes" title="Valleys & Cardiff Local Routes">Valleys & Cardiff Local Routes</a>, operated by <a href="/wiki/Transport_for_Wales_Rail" title="Transport for Wales Rail">Transport for Wales</a>. There are eight lines that serve 20 stations in the city, 26 in the wider urban area (including Taffs Well, <a href="/wiki/Penarth" title="Penarth">Penarth</a> and Dinas Powys) and more than 60 in the South Wales valleys and the <a href="/wiki/Vale_of_Glamorgan" title="Vale of Glamorgan">Vale of Glamorgan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metro">Metro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Metro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/South_Wales_Metro" title="South Wales Metro">South Wales Metro</a> is an integrated public transport system under development in south-east Wales, centered on Cardiff. The project is to include the electrification of some of the existing railway lines and the creation of multiple <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> and <a href="/wiki/Light_rapid_transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Light rapid transit">light rapid transit</a> lines. Four lines are under construction with a further three planned. The first lines will link <a href="/wiki/Penarth" title="Penarth">Penarth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Bay" title="Cardiff Bay">Cardiff Bay</a> to <a href="/wiki/Radyr_railway_station" title="Radyr railway station">Radyr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treherbert_railway_station" title="Treherbert railway station">Treherbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aberdare_railway_station" title="Aberdare railway station">Aberdare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merthyr_Tydfil_railway_station" title="Merthyr Tydfil railway station">Merthyr Tydfil</a>, with plans to also serve <a href="/wiki/Pontyclun" title="Pontyclun">Pontyclun</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Mellons" title="St Mellons">St Mellons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Porth_Teigr" title="Porth Teigr">Porth Teigr</a>. Alongside this, current commuter services will be improved with a near-tripling in capacity on some routes to <a href="/wiki/Bridgend_railway_station" title="Bridgend railway station">Bridgend</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhymney_railway_station" title="Rhymney railway station">Rhymney</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Airport" title="Cardiff Airport">Cardiff Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Heliport" title="Cardiff Heliport">Cardiff Heliport</a></div> <p>Domestic and international air links to Cardiff and South & West Wales are provided from <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Airport" title="Cardiff Airport">Cardiff Airport (CWL)</a>, the only international airport in Wales. The airport lies in the village of <a href="/wiki/Rhoose" title="Rhoose">Rhoose</a>, 10 miles (16 km) west of the city. There are regular bus services linking the airport with Cardiff city centre, and a train service from <a href="/wiki/Rhoose_Cardiff_International_Airport_railway_station" title="Rhoose Cardiff International Airport railway station">Rhoose Cardiff International Airport railway station</a> to Cardiff Central. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_and_bus">Road and bus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Road and bus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bus_transport_in_Cardiff" title="Bus transport in Cardiff">Bus transport in Cardiff</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/M4_motorway" title="M4 motorway">M4 motorway</a> connects Cardiff with <a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a> to the west and <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a> and London to the east, with four junctions on the M4, including one with the <a href="/wiki/A48(M)_motorway" title="A48(M) motorway">A48(M)</a>. The <a href="/wiki/A470_road" title="A470 road">A470</a> provides an important link from the city to the <a href="/wiki/A465_road" title="A465 road">Heads of the Valleys road</a>. When completed, the <a href="/wiki/A4232_road" title="A4232 road">A4232</a> – also known as the Peripheral Distributor Road – will form part of the Cardiff ring-road system, along with the M4 motorway between junctions 30 and 33.<sup id="cite_ref-Ring_Roads_175-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ring_Roads-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cardiff has a comprehensive bus network, whose providers include the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_bus_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal bus companies">municipal bus company</a> <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Bus" title="Cardiff Bus">Cardiff Bus</a> (routes within the city and to Newport, Barry and Penarth), <a href="/wiki/Adventure_Travel_(bus_company)" title="Adventure Travel (bus company)">Adventure Travel</a> (cross-city and to <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Airport" title="Cardiff Airport">Cardiff Airport</a>), <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_South_Wales" title="Stagecoach South Wales">Stagecoach South Wales</a> (to the <a href="/wiki/South_Wales_Valleys" title="South Wales Valleys">South Wales Valleys</a>) and <a href="/wiki/First_Cymru" title="First Cymru">First Cymru</a> (to Cowbridge and Bridgend). <a href="/wiki/National_Express_Coaches" title="National Express Coaches">National Express</a> and <a href="/wiki/Megabus_(Europe)" title="Megabus (Europe)">Megabus</a> provides direct services to major cities such as <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, London, <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycle">Cycle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Cycle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Cardiff" title="Cycling in Cardiff">Cycling in Cardiff</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Taff_Trail" title="Taff Trail">Taff Trail</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Walkway" title="Walkway">walking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cycle_path" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycle path">cycle path</a> running for 55 miles (90 km) between Cardiff Bay and <a href="/wiki/Brecon" title="Brecon">Brecon</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Brecon_Beacons" title="Brecon Beacons">Brecon Beacons</a> National Park. It runs through Bute Park, <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Gardens" title="Sophia Gardens">Sophia Gardens</a> and many other green areas within Cardiff. It is possible to cycle the entire distance of the <a href="/wiki/Trail" title="Trail">Trail</a> almost completely off-road, as it largely follows the <a href="/wiki/River_Taff" title="River Taff">River Taff</a> and many of the disused railways of the Glamorganshire valleys. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nextbike" title="Nextbike">Nextbike</a> previously operated a public bike-hire scheme in the city between March 2018 and January 2024,<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the scheme allegedly being scrapped due to theft. Cardiff Council are seeking a replacement operator. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Aquabus water taxi runs every hour between the city centre (Taff Mead Embankment) and Cardiff Bay (Mermaid Quay), and between Cardiff Bay and Penarth <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Bay_Barrage" title="Cardiff Bay Barrage">Cardiff Bay Barrage</a>. Throughout the year, Cardiff Waterbus<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sail between the Pierhead on The Waterfront and the Penarth end of the Cardiff Bay Barrage with short sightseeing cruises. </p><p>Between March and October boats depart from Cardiff Bay for <a href="/wiki/Flat_Holm" title="Flat Holm">Flat Holm</a> Island. The <i><a href="/wiki/PS_Waverley" title="PS Waverley">PS Waverley</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/MV_Balmoral_(1949)" title="MV Balmoral (1949)">MV Balmoral</a></i> sail from Britannia Quay (in Roath Basin) to various destinations in the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Channel" title="Bristol Channel">Bristol Channel</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_Central_station_(26526139271).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cardiff Central railway station"><img alt="Cardiff Central railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Cardiff_Central_station_%2826526139271%29.jpg/120px-Cardiff_Central_station_%2826526139271%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Cardiff_Central_station_%2826526139271%29.jpg/180px-Cardiff_Central_station_%2826526139271%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Cardiff_Central_station_%2826526139271%29.jpg/240px-Cardiff_Central_station_%2826526139271%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4642" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Central_railway_station" title="Cardiff Central railway station">Cardiff Central railway station</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gorsaf_Heol_y_Frenhines,_Caerdydd.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cardiff Queen Street railway station"><img alt="Cardiff Queen Street railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gorsaf_Heol_y_Frenhines%2C_Caerdydd.JPG/120px-Gorsaf_Heol_y_Frenhines%2C_Caerdydd.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gorsaf_Heol_y_Frenhines%2C_Caerdydd.JPG/180px-Gorsaf_Heol_y_Frenhines%2C_Caerdydd.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gorsaf_Heol_y_Frenhines%2C_Caerdydd.JPG/240px-Gorsaf_Heol_y_Frenhines%2C_Caerdydd.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Queen_Street_railway_station" title="Cardiff Queen Street railway station">Cardiff Queen Street railway station</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Depo_Ffynnon_Taf_-_TfW_398011_llaes_398010.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="South Wales Metro tram-trains"><img alt="South Wales Metro tram-trains" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Depo_Ffynnon_Taf_-_TfW_398011_llaes_398010.JPG/120px-Depo_Ffynnon_Taf_-_TfW_398011_llaes_398010.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Depo_Ffynnon_Taf_-_TfW_398011_llaes_398010.JPG/180px-Depo_Ffynnon_Taf_-_TfW_398011_llaes_398010.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Depo_Ffynnon_Taf_-_TfW_398011_llaes_398010.JPG/240px-Depo_Ffynnon_Taf_-_TfW_398011_llaes_398010.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="910" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/South_Wales_Metro" title="South Wales Metro">South Wales Metro</a> <a href="/wiki/Tram-train" title="Tram-train">tram-trains</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_Airport_(Oct_2010).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cardiff Airport"><img alt="Cardiff Airport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Cardiff_Airport_%28Oct_2010%29.jpg/120px-Cardiff_Airport_%28Oct_2010%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Cardiff_Airport_%28Oct_2010%29.jpg/180px-Cardiff_Airport_%28Oct_2010%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Cardiff_Airport_%28Oct_2010%29.jpg/240px-Cardiff_Airport_%28Oct_2010%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="390" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Airport" title="Cardiff Airport">Cardiff Airport</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bus_Interchange_Open_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cardiff Bus Interchange"><img alt="Cardiff Bus Interchange" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bus_Interchange_Open_%281%29.jpg/120px-Bus_Interchange_Open_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bus_Interchange_Open_%281%29.jpg/180px-Bus_Interchange_Open_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bus_Interchange_Open_%281%29.jpg/240px-Bus_Interchange_Open_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Bus_Interchange" title="Cardiff Bus Interchange">Cardiff Bus Interchange</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_Bus_(Bws_Caerdydd)_YN17ONL.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cardiff Bus is the main bus operator in the Cardiff area"><img alt="Cardiff Bus is the main bus operator in the Cardiff area" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cardiff_Bus_%28Bws_Caerdydd%29_YN17ONL.jpg/120px-Cardiff_Bus_%28Bws_Caerdydd%29_YN17ONL.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cardiff_Bus_%28Bws_Caerdydd%29_YN17ONL.jpg/180px-Cardiff_Bus_%28Bws_Caerdydd%29_YN17ONL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cardiff_Bus_%28Bws_Caerdydd%29_YN17ONL.jpg/240px-Cardiff_Bus_%28Bws_Caerdydd%29_YN17ONL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1399" data-file-height="1049" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Bus" title="Cardiff Bus">Cardiff Bus</a> is the main bus operator in the Cardiff area</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cycle_lane_in_Excalibur_Drive,_Cardiff.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Typical cycle lane in Cardiff"><img alt="Typical cycle lane in Cardiff" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Cycle_lane_in_Excalibur_Drive%2C_Cardiff.jpg/120px-Cycle_lane_in_Excalibur_Drive%2C_Cardiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Cycle_lane_in_Excalibur_Drive%2C_Cardiff.jpg/180px-Cycle_lane_in_Excalibur_Drive%2C_Cardiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Cycle_lane_in_Excalibur_Drive%2C_Cardiff.jpg/240px-Cycle_lane_in_Excalibur_Drive%2C_Cardiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2326" data-file-height="1788" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Typical cycle lane in Cardiff</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aquabushydro1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aquabus"><img alt="Aquabus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Aquabushydro1.jpg/120px-Aquabushydro1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Aquabushydro1.jpg/180px-Aquabushydro1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Aquabushydro1.jpg/240px-Aquabushydro1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="269" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aquabus</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Telecommunications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Wales_dialling_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Wales dialling codes">List of Wales dialling codes</a></div> <p><b>029</b> is the current telephone dialling code for Cardiff,<sup id="cite_ref-wales_online_02921_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wales_online_02921-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as for the neighbouring towns of Penarth, Dinas Powys and <a href="/wiki/Caerphilly" title="Caerphilly">Caerphilly</a>. The dialling code is optional when dialling within the area: one can dial between any two phones within the 029 code using only the eight-digit local number. </p><p>Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Big_Number_Change" title="Big Number Change">Big Number Change</a> on 22 April 2000 the area had shorter, six-digit local numbers with an area code of 01222.<sup id="cite_ref-wales_online_02921_178-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wales_online_02921-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was 0222 before May 1995, derived from 0 (indicating it was a trunk call), 22 (CA on a telephone pad, for CArdiff) and 2 (as 220 was used for CAmbridge and 221 for BAth). Before the introduction of automated trunk call dialling, non-local numbers were accessed through a system of manual telephone exchanges, in common with rest if the United Kingdom. </p><p>There remains a common misconception that local numbers are still six digits long and that the code is 02920, even though there are newer Cardiff numbers in the ranges (029) 21xx xxxx and (029) 22xx xxxx.<sup id="cite_ref-wales_online_02921_178-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wales_online_02921-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Cardiff" title="List of schools in Cardiff">List of schools in Cardiff</a></div> <p>Cardiff is home to four major institutions of higher education: <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_University" title="Cardiff University">Cardiff University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Metropolitan_University" title="Cardiff Metropolitan University">Cardiff Metropolitan University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Wales" title="University of South Wales">University of South Wales</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Welsh_College_of_Music_%26_Drama" title="Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama">Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama</a>. </p><p>Cardiff University was founded by a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> in 1883 as the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire,<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Russell_Group" title="Russell Group">Russell Group</a> of leading research led universities, having most of its campus in <a href="/wiki/Cathays" title="Cathays">Cathays</a> and the city centre. <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Metropolitan_University" title="Cardiff Metropolitan University">Cardiff Metropolitan University</a> (formerly UWIC) has campuses in the Llandaff, <a href="/wiki/Cyncoed" title="Cyncoed">Cyncoed</a> and city centre areas, and is part of the confederal <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales" title="University of Wales">University of Wales</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Welsh_College_of_Music_%26_Drama" title="Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama">Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Music_school" title="Music school">conservatoire</a> established in 1949 and is based in the grounds of Cardiff Castle. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Wales" title="University of South Wales">University of South Wales</a>'s Cardiff campus, <a href="/wiki/Atrium_(Cardiff)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atrium (Cardiff)">Atrium</a>, is home to the Cardiff School of Creative & Cultural Industries and is located in the city centre. </p><p>The total number of higher education students in the city is around 43,900.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city also has two <a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">further education</a> colleges: <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_and_Vale_College" title="Cardiff and Vale College">Cardiff and Vale College</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_David%27s_Catholic_College" title="St David's Catholic College">St David's College</a>. The former is the result of a merger, completed in August 2011, between <a href="/wiki/Coleg_Glan_Hafren" title="Coleg Glan Hafren">Coleg Glan Hafren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barry_College" title="Barry College">Barry College</a>. Further education is also offered at most high schools in the city. </p><p>Cardiff has three state nursery schools (one bilingual), 98 state primary schools (two bilingual, fifteen <a href="/wiki/Welsh_medium_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh medium education">Welsh medium</a>), and 19 state secondary schools (three Welsh medium).<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also several independent schools in the city, including <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cardiff" title="St John's College, Cardiff">St John's College</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Cathedral_School,_Llandaff" title="The Cathedral School, Llandaff">Llandaff Cathedral School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Sixth_Form_College" title="Cardiff Sixth Form College">Cardiff Sixth Form College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kings_Monkton_School" title="Kings Monkton School">Kings Monkton School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howell%27s_School_Llandaff" class="mw-redirect" title="Howell's School Llandaff">Howell's School</a>, a single-sex girls' school (until sixth form). In 2013 Cardiff Sixth Form College came top of the independent senior schools in the UK, which were based on the percentage of A* and A at <a href="/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="GCE Advanced Level">Advanced Level</a>. Also in the top 100 were St John's College and Howell's School.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notable schools include <a href="/wiki/Whitchurch_High_School" title="Whitchurch High School">Whitchurch High School</a> (the largest secondary school in Wales),<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fitzalan_High_School" title="Fitzalan High School">Fitzalan High School</a> (one of the most multi-cultural state schools in the UK),<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ysgol_Gyfun_Gymraeg_Glantaf" title="Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf">Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf</a> (the largest Welsh medium secondary school in Wales). </p><p>As well as academic institutions, Cardiff is also home to other educational and learning organisations such as <a href="/wiki/Techniquest" title="Techniquest">Techniquest</a>, a hands-on science discovery centre that now has franchises throughout Wales, and is part of the Wales Gene Park in collaboration with Cardiff University, <a href="/wiki/NHS_Wales" title="NHS Wales">NHS Wales</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Development_Agency" title="Welsh Development Agency">Welsh Development Agency</a> (WDA).<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cardiff is also home to a regional office of the <a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate">International Baccalaureate</a> Organisation (IBO).<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="toccolours" style="margin:0.5em auto"> <tbody><tr> <td><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">University Campuses in Cardiff</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_University_main_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cardiff University – Cathays Park and Heath Park Campuses"><img alt="Cardiff University – Cathays Park and Heath Park Campuses" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Cardiff_University_main_building.jpg/240px-Cardiff_University_main_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Cardiff_University_main_building.jpg/360px-Cardiff_University_main_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Cardiff_University_main_building.jpg/480px-Cardiff_University_main_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_University" title="Cardiff University">Cardiff University</a> – Cathays Park and Heath Park Campuses</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_Metropolitan_University_Llandaff_Campus_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cardiff Metropolitan University – Llandaff and Cyncoed Campuses"><img alt="Cardiff Metropolitan University – Llandaff and Cyncoed Campuses" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Cardiff_Metropolitan_University_Llandaff_Campus_%282%29.jpg/274px-Cardiff_Metropolitan_University_Llandaff_Campus_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Cardiff_Metropolitan_University_Llandaff_Campus_%282%29.jpg/410px-Cardiff_Metropolitan_University_Llandaff_Campus_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Cardiff_Metropolitan_University_Llandaff_Campus_%282%29.jpg/547px-Cardiff_Metropolitan_University_Llandaff_Campus_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="790" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Metropolitan_University" title="Cardiff Metropolitan University">Cardiff Metropolitan University</a> – Llandaff and Cyncoed Campuses</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_South_Wales,_Cardiff_Campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="University of South Wales – Cardiff Campus"><img alt="University of South Wales – Cardiff Campus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/University_of_South_Wales%2C_Cardiff_Campus.jpg/320px-University_of_South_Wales%2C_Cardiff_Campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/University_of_South_Wales%2C_Cardiff_Campus.jpg/480px-University_of_South_Wales%2C_Cardiff_Campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/University_of_South_Wales%2C_Cardiff_Campus.jpg/640px-University_of_South_Wales%2C_Cardiff_Campus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3224" data-file-height="1814" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Wales" title="University of South Wales">University of South Wales</a> – Cardiff Campus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Welsh_College_of_Music_%26_Drama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama, part of the University of South Wales Group"><img alt="Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama, part of the University of South Wales Group" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Royal_Welsh_College_of_Music_%26_Drama.jpg/240px-Royal_Welsh_College_of_Music_%26_Drama.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Royal_Welsh_College_of_Music_%26_Drama.jpg/360px-Royal_Welsh_College_of_Music_%26_Drama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Royal_Welsh_College_of_Music_%26_Drama.jpg/480px-Royal_Welsh_College_of_Music_%26_Drama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Welsh_College_of_Music_%26_Drama" title="Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama">Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama</a>, part of the University of South Wales Group </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wales_Academy_of_Voice_%26_Dramatic_Arts,_University_of_Wales_Trinity_Saint_David,_Cardiff.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="University of Wales Trinity Saint David – Cardiff Campus"><img alt="University of Wales Trinity Saint David – Cardiff Campus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Wales_Academy_of_Voice_%26_Dramatic_Arts%2C_University_of_Wales_Trinity_Saint_David%2C_Cardiff.jpg/135px-Wales_Academy_of_Voice_%26_Dramatic_Arts%2C_University_of_Wales_Trinity_Saint_David%2C_Cardiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Wales_Academy_of_Voice_%26_Dramatic_Arts%2C_University_of_Wales_Trinity_Saint_David%2C_Cardiff.jpg/202px-Wales_Academy_of_Voice_%26_Dramatic_Arts%2C_University_of_Wales_Trinity_Saint_David%2C_Cardiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Wales_Academy_of_Voice_%26_Dramatic_Arts%2C_University_of_Wales_Trinity_Saint_David%2C_Cardiff.jpg/270px-Wales_Academy_of_Voice_%26_Dramatic_Arts%2C_University_of_Wales_Trinity_Saint_David%2C_Cardiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales_Trinity_Saint_David" title="University of Wales Trinity Saint David">University of Wales Trinity Saint David</a> – Cardiff Campus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_13737_University_of_Wales_Registry_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="University of Wales is a confederal university based in the University of Wales Registry."><img alt="University of Wales is a confederal university based in the University of Wales Registry." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cardiff_13737_University_of_Wales_Registry_01.JPG/241px-Cardiff_13737_University_of_Wales_Registry_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="161" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cardiff_13737_University_of_Wales_Registry_01.JPG/361px-Cardiff_13737_University_of_Wales_Registry_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cardiff_13737_University_of_Wales_Registry_01.JPG/482px-Cardiff_13737_University_of_Wales_Registry_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3250" data-file-height="2430" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales" title="University of Wales">University of Wales</a> is a confederal university based in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales_Registry" title="University of Wales Registry">University of Wales Registry</a>. </div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks_and_attractions">Landmarks and attractions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Landmarks and attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Cardiff" title="Architecture of Cardiff">Architecture of Cardiff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Cardiff" title="Listed buildings in Cardiff">Listed buildings in Cardiff</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:553px;max-width:553px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:190px;max-width:190px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:183px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adeilad_y_Pierhead,_Caerdydd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Adeilad_y_Pierhead%2C_Caerdydd.jpg/188px-Adeilad_y_Pierhead%2C_Caerdydd.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Adeilad_y_Pierhead%2C_Caerdydd.jpg/282px-Adeilad_y_Pierhead%2C_Caerdydd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Adeilad_y_Pierhead%2C_Caerdydd.jpg/376px-Adeilad_y_Pierhead%2C_Caerdydd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1537" data-file-height="1505" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Pierhead_Building" title="Pierhead Building">Pierhead Building</a> is part of the <a href="/wiki/Senedd_building#Senedd_estate_in_Cardiff_Bay" title="Senedd building">Senedd estate in Cardiff Bay</a>.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:125px;max-width:125px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:183px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff,_Church_Street,_St._John_the_Baptist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Cardiff%2C_Church_Street%2C_St._John_the_Baptist.jpg/123px-Cardiff%2C_Church_Street%2C_St._John_the_Baptist.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Cardiff%2C_Church_Street%2C_St._John_the_Baptist.jpg/185px-Cardiff%2C_Church_Street%2C_St._John_the_Baptist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Cardiff%2C_Church_Street%2C_St._John_the_Baptist.jpg/246px-Cardiff%2C_Church_Street%2C_St._John_the_Baptist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3469" data-file-height="5203" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/St_John_the_Baptist_Church,_Cardiff" title="St John the Baptist Church, Cardiff">St John the Baptist Church</a> is the oldest <a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales" title="Church in Wales">Church in Wales</a> building in the city</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:232px;max-width:232px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:183px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_Crown_Court.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Cardiff_Crown_Court.JPG/230px-Cardiff_Crown_Court.JPG" decoding="async" width="230" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Cardiff_Crown_Court.JPG/345px-Cardiff_Crown_Court.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Cardiff_Crown_Court.JPG/460px-Cardiff_Crown_Court.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4022" data-file-height="3216" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Cardiff Crown Court is part of the Wales Circuit of <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Courts_and_Tribunals_Service" title="His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service">His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Cardiff has many landmark buildings such as the Principality Stadium, <a href="/wiki/Pierhead_Building" title="Pierhead Building">Pierhead Building</a>, the Welsh National Museum and the Senedd building, the home of the Welsh Parliament. Cardiff is also known for Cardiff Castle, <a href="/wiki/St_David%27s_Hall" title="St David's Hall">St David's Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_John_the_Baptist_Church,_Cardiff" title="St John the Baptist Church, Cardiff">St John the Baptist Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Llandaff_Cathedral" title="Llandaff Cathedral">Llandaff Cathedral</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wales_Millennium_Centre" title="Wales Millennium Centre">Wales Millennium Centre</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Castle" title="Cardiff Castle">Cardiff Castle</a> is a major tourist attraction in the city and is situated in the heart of the <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_city_centre" title="Cardiff city centre">city centre</a>. The <a href="/wiki/St_Fagans_National_History_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="St Fagans National History Museum">National History Museum at St Fagans</a> in Cardiff is a large open-air museum housing dozens of buildings from throughout Welsh history that have been moved to the site in Cardiff. The Civic Centre in <a href="/wiki/Cathays_Park" title="Cathays Park">Cathays Park</a> comprises a collection of <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_architecture" title="Edwardian architecture">Edwardian</a> buildings such as the <a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_Cardiff" title="City Hall, Cardiff">City Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_Cardiff" title="National Museum Cardiff">National Museum and Gallery of Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Crown_Court" title="Cardiff Crown Court">Cardiff Crown Court</a>, and buildings forming part of Cardiff University, together with more modern civic buildings. These buildings are laid out around the Queen Alexandra Gardens, a formal park which contains the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_National_War_Memorial" title="Welsh National War Memorial">Welsh National War Memorial</a> and a number of other, smaller memorials. </p><p>In addition to Cardiff Castle, <a href="/wiki/Castell_Coch" title="Castell Coch">Castell Coch</a> is a castle in <a href="/wiki/Tongwynlais" title="Tongwynlais">Tongwynlais</a>, in the north of the city. The current castle is an elaborately decorated Victorian <a href="/wiki/Folly" title="Folly">folly</a> designed by <a href="/wiki/William_Burges" title="William Burges">William Burges</a> for the Marquess and built in the 1870s, as an occasional retreat. However, the Victorian castle stands on the footings of a much older medieval castle possibly built by <a href="/wiki/Ifor_Bach" title="Ifor Bach">Ifor Bach</a>, a regional baron with links to Cardiff Castle also. The exterior has become a popular location for film and television productions. It rarely fulfilled its intended role as a retreat for the Butes, who seldom stayed there. For the Marquess, the pleasure had been in its creation, a pleasure lost following Burges's death in 1881. </p><p>Cardiff claims the largest concentration of <a href="/wiki/Castles" class="mw-redirect" title="Castles">castles</a> of any city in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as Cardiff Castle and Castell Coch, there are the remains of two <a href="/wiki/Motte-and-bailey_castle" title="Motte-and-bailey castle">motte-and-bailey castles</a> in <a href="/wiki/Morganstown" title="Morganstown">Morganstown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhiwbina" title="Rhiwbina">Rhiwbina</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/Morganstown_Castle_Mound" title="Morganstown Castle Mound">Morganstown Castle Mound</a> and <a href="/wiki/Twmpath_Castle" title="Twmpath Castle">Twmpath Castle</a> or Twmpath Motte (also known as <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Caer Cynwrig</i></span>) respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Morganstown_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morganstown-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Twmpath_Motte_190-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Twmpath_Motte-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Twmpath" title="Twmpath">Twmpath</a> being a Welsh word for a small mound),<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which along with a castle at Whitchurch (known as Treoda and destroyed by housing in the 1960s) formed an arc of fortifications which divided the Norman lordship from the Welsh lordship of Senghenydd.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further up the Cefn Cibwr ridge on the boundary with Caerphilly there is also another ruined castle, known as <a href="/wiki/Morgraig_Castle" title="Morgraig Castle">Morgraig Castle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i lang="cy">Castell Morgraig</i>). Archaeological evidence suggests this castle was never finished, and it is debated whether the fortification was of Norman or Welsh origin. The concentration of castles indicates the moveable nature of the border between the Norman lordship of Glamorgan, centred at Cardiff, and its Welsh neighbours to the north. </p><p>There is also the ruined <a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Palace,_Llandaff" title="Bishop's Palace, Llandaff">Llandaff Bishop's Palace</a>, also known as Llandaff Castle,<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_193-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was the home of the medieval bishops, which was destroyed about 1403–1404 by the Welsh leader <a href="/wiki/Owain_Glynd%C5%B5r" title="Owain Glyndŵr">Owain Glyndŵr</a>. Now only the ruined gatehouse remains.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_193-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not strictly a castle in the historical sense, <a href="/wiki/St_Fagans_National_History_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="St Fagans National History Museum">Saint Fagans Castle</a> is a preserved 17th-century manor house, once the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Plymouth" title="Earl of Plymouth">Earls of Plymouth</a>. </p> <table class="toccolours" style="margin:0.5em auto"> <tbody><tr> <td><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Cardiff's castles</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_Castle_(15802151760).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cardiff Castle"><img alt="Cardiff Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cardiff_Castle_%2815802151760%29.jpg/270px-Cardiff_Castle_%2815802151760%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cardiff_Castle_%2815802151760%29.jpg/405px-Cardiff_Castle_%2815802151760%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cardiff_Castle_%2815802151760%29.jpg/540px-Cardiff_Castle_%2815802151760%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3605" data-file-height="2404" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Castle" title="Cardiff Castle">Cardiff Castle</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Castell_Coch_-_exterior.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Castell Coch"><img alt="Castell Coch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Castell_Coch_-_exterior.JPG/240px-Castell_Coch_-_exterior.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Castell_Coch_-_exterior.JPG/360px-Castell_Coch_-_exterior.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Castell_Coch_-_exterior.JPG/480px-Castell_Coch_-_exterior.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Castell_Coch" title="Castell Coch">Castell Coch</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Fagans_National_History_Museum_196.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="St Fagans Castle"><img alt="St Fagans Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/St_Fagans_National_History_Museum_196.JPG/270px-St_Fagans_National_History_Museum_196.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/St_Fagans_National_History_Museum_196.JPG/405px-St_Fagans_National_History_Museum_196.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/St_Fagans_National_History_Museum_196.JPG/540px-St_Fagans_National_History_Museum_196.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/St_Fagans_Castle" title="St Fagans Castle">St Fagans Castle</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bishops_palace_llandaff.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bishop's Palace (also known as Llandaff Castle)"><img alt="Bishop's Palace (also known as Llandaff Castle)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Bishops_palace_llandaff.jpg/240px-Bishops_palace_llandaff.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Bishops_palace_llandaff.jpg/360px-Bishops_palace_llandaff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Bishops_palace_llandaff.jpg/480px-Bishops_palace_llandaff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Palace,_Llandaff" title="Bishop's Palace, Llandaff">Bishop's Palace</a><br /><i>(also known as Llandaff Castle)</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Twmpath_Castle_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The overgrown Twmpath Castle or Motte (also known as Caer Cynwrig)"><img alt="The overgrown Twmpath Castle or Motte (also known as Caer Cynwrig)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Twmpath_Castle_%282%29.jpg/240px-Twmpath_Castle_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Twmpath_Castle_%282%29.jpg/360px-Twmpath_Castle_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Twmpath_Castle_%282%29.jpg/480px-Twmpath_Castle_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The overgrown <a href="/wiki/Twmpath_Castle" title="Twmpath Castle">Twmpath Castle or Motte</a><br /><i>(also known as Caer Cynwrig)</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Morganstown_Castle_Mound_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The overgrown Morganstown Castle Mound"><img alt="The overgrown Morganstown Castle Mound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Morganstown_Castle_Mound_3.jpg/240px-Morganstown_Castle_Mound_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Morganstown_Castle_Mound_3.jpg/360px-Morganstown_Castle_Mound_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Morganstown_Castle_Mound_3.jpg/480px-Morganstown_Castle_Mound_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The overgrown <a href="/wiki/Morganstown_Castle_Mound" title="Morganstown Castle Mound">Morganstown Castle Mound</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caer_Castell_Camp_0194.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The overgrown Caer Castell Camp"><img alt="The overgrown Caer Castell Camp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Caer_Castell_Camp_0194.jpg/240px-Caer_Castell_Camp_0194.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Caer_Castell_Camp_0194.jpg/360px-Caer_Castell_Camp_0194.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Caer_Castell_Camp_0194.jpg/480px-Caer_Castell_Camp_0194.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The overgrown <a href="/wiki/Caer_Castell_Camp" title="Caer Castell Camp">Caer Castell Camp</a></div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Other major tourist attractions are the <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Bay" title="Cardiff Bay">Cardiff Bay</a> regeneration sites, which include the recently opened Wales Millennium Centre and the Senedd building, and many other cultural and sites of interest, including the <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Bay_Barrage" title="Cardiff Bay Barrage">Cardiff Bay Barrage</a> and the famous <a href="/wiki/Coal_Exchange" title="Coal Exchange">Coal Exchange</a>. The <a href="/wiki/New_Theatre_(Cardiff)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Theatre (Cardiff)">New Theatre</a> was founded in 1906 and refurbished in the 1980s. Until the opening of the Wales Millennium Centre in 2004, it was the premier venue in Wales for touring theatre and dance companies. Other venues popular for concerts and sporting events include <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_International_Arena" title="Cardiff International Arena">Cardiff International Arena</a>, St David's Hall and the Principality Stadium. <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Story" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiff Story">Cardiff Story</a>, a museum documenting the city's history, has been open to the public since the spring of 2011. </p><p>Cardiff has over 1,000 listed buildings, ranging from the more prominent buildings such as the castles, to smaller buildings, houses and structures.<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cathedral Road was developed by the 3rd Marquis of Bute and is lined by fine villas, some backing on to Sophia Gardens. </p><p>Cardiff has walks of special interest for tourists and <a href="/wiki/Walking" title="Walking">ramblers</a> alike, such as the <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Centenary_Walk" title="Cardiff Centenary Walk">Centenary Walk</a>, which runs for <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> miles (3.5 km) within Cardiff city centre. This route passes through many of Cardiff's landmarks and historic buildings. The <a href="/wiki/Animal_Wall" title="Animal Wall">Animal Wall</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/William_Burges" title="William Burges">William Burges</a> in 1866, marks the south edge of Bute Park on Castle Street. It bears 15 carved animal statues. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_recreation">Culture and recreation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Culture and recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Culture_and_recreation_in_Cardiff" title="Culture and recreation in Cardiff">Culture and recreation in Cardiff</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_cultural_venues_in_Cardiff" title="List of cultural venues in Cardiff">List of cultural venues in Cardiff</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Cardiff" title="List of public art in Cardiff">List of public art in Cardiff</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_Bay_WMC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Cardiff_Bay_WMC.jpg/220px-Cardiff_Bay_WMC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Cardiff_Bay_WMC.jpg/330px-Cardiff_Bay_WMC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Cardiff_Bay_WMC.jpg/440px-Cardiff_Bay_WMC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="283" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wales_Millennium_Centre" title="Wales Millennium Centre">Wales Millennium Centre</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Cardiff has many cultural sites varying from the historical Cardiff Castle and out of town <a href="/wiki/Castell_Coch" title="Castell Coch">Castell Coch</a> to the more modern <a href="/wiki/Wales_Millennium_Centre" title="Wales Millennium Centre">Wales Millennium Centre</a> and Cardiff Bay. Cardiff was a finalist in the <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a> 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years Cardiff has grown in stature as a tourist destination, with recent accolades including Cardiff being voted the eighth favourite UK city by readers of the <i>Guardian</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city was also listed as one of the top 10 destinations in the UK on the official British tourist boards website Visit Britain,<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and US travel guide Frommers have listed Cardiff as one of 13 top destinations worldwide for 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Annual events in Cardiff that have become regular appearances in Cardiff's calendar include <a href="/wiki/Sparks_in_the_Park" title="Sparks in the Park">Sparks in the Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Great_British_Cheese_Festival" title="The Great British Cheese Festival">The Great British Cheese Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pride_Cymru" title="Pride Cymru">Pride Cymru</a> (formerly Cardiff Mardi Gras), Cardiff Winter Wonderland, Cardiff Festival and <a href="/wiki/Made_in_Roath" title="Made in Roath">Made in Roath</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_and_performing_arts">Music and performing arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Music and performing arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cardiff" title="Music of Cardiff">Music of Cardiff</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Utilita_Arena,_Cardiff_September_2024_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Utilita_Arena%2C_Cardiff_September_2024_%281%29.jpg/220px-Utilita_Arena%2C_Cardiff_September_2024_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Utilita_Arena%2C_Cardiff_September_2024_%281%29.jpg/330px-Utilita_Arena%2C_Cardiff_September_2024_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Utilita_Arena%2C_Cardiff_September_2024_%281%29.jpg/440px-Utilita_Arena%2C_Cardiff_September_2024_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3226" data-file-height="2419" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_International_Arena" title="Cardiff International Arena">Utilita Arena Cardiff</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A large number of concerts are held in the city, the larger ones at St David's Hall, Cardiff International Arena and occasionally the Principality Stadium. A number of festivals are also held in Cardiff, the largest being the <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_big_weekend" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiff big weekend">Cardiff Big Weekend</a> Festival, held annually in the city centre in the summer and playing host to free musical performances (from artists such as <a href="/wiki/Ash_(band)" title="Ash (band)">Ash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Cliff" title="Jimmy Cliff">Jimmy Cliff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cerys_Matthews" title="Cerys Matthews">Cerys Matthews</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fun_Loving_Criminals" class="mw-redirect" title="Fun Loving Criminals">Fun Loving Criminals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soul_II_Soul" title="Soul II Soul">Soul II Soul</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Numbers" title="The Magic Numbers">the Magic Numbers</a>), fairground rides and cultural events such as a Children's Festival that takes place in the grounds of Cardiff Castle. The annual festival claims to be the UK's largest free outdoor festival, attracting over 250,000 visitors in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cardiff hosted the <a href="/wiki/National_Eisteddfod" class="mw-redirect" title="National Eisteddfod">National Eisteddfod</a> in 1883, 1899, 1938, 1960, 1978, 2008 and 2018. Cardiff is unique in Wales in having two permanent <a href="/wiki/Stone_circles" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone circles">stone circles</a> used by the Gorsedd of <a href="/wiki/Bard" title="Bard">Bards</a> during Eisteddfodau. The original circle stands in Gorsedd Gardens in front of the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum">National Museum</a> while its 1978 replacement is situated in <a href="/wiki/Bute_Park" title="Bute Park">Bute Park</a>. Since 1983, Cardiff has hosted the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Cardiff_Singer_of_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Cardiff Singer of the World">BBC Cardiff Singer of the World</a> competition, a world-renowned event on the opera calendar which is held every two years. The city also hosts smaller events. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Wales_Millennium_Centre" title="Wales Millennium Centre">Wales Millennium Centre</a> hosts performances of opera, ballet, dance, comedy, musicals and is home to the <a href="/wiki/BBC_National_Orchestra_of_Wales" title="BBC National Orchestra of Wales">BBC National Orchestra of Wales</a>. St David's Hall (which hosts the Singer of the World competition) has regular performances of classical music and ballet as well as music of other genres. The largest of Cardiff's theatres is the <a href="/wiki/New_Theatre_(Cardiff)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Theatre (Cardiff)">New Theatre</a>, situated in the city centre just off Queen Street. Other such venues include the <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Theatre" title="Sherman Theatre">Sherman Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chapter_Arts_Centre" title="Chapter Arts Centre">Chapter Arts Centre</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Gate_Arts_Centre" title="The Gate Arts Centre">the Gate Arts Centre</a>. </p><p>The Cardiff music scene is established and wide-ranging: home to the <a href="/wiki/BBC_National_Orchestra_of_Wales" title="BBC National Orchestra of Wales">BBC National Orchestra of Wales</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_National_Opera" title="Welsh National Opera">Welsh National Opera</a>; has produced several leading acts; has acted as a springboard for Welsh bands to become famous. Acts hailing from Cardiff include <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Church" title="Charlotte Church">Charlotte Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Bassey" title="Shirley Bassey">Shirley Bassey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iwan_Rheon" title="Iwan Rheon">Iwan Rheon</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Oppressed" title="The Oppressed">the Oppressed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kids_In_Glass_Houses" class="mw-redirect" title="Kids In Glass Houses">Kids In Glass Houses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Campesinos" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Campesinos">Los Campesinos</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Hot_Puppies" title="The Hot Puppies">the Hot Puppies</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_School_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="The School (UK)">the School</a>, <a href="/wiki/We%27re_No_Heroes" title="We're No Heroes">We're No Heroes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budgie_(band)" title="Budgie (band)">Budgie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shakin%27_Stevens" title="Shakin' Stevens">Shakin' Stevens</a>. Also, artists such as <a href="/wiki/Stereophonics" title="Stereophonics">Stereophonics</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Automatic" title="The Automatic">the Automatic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Manic_Street_Preachers" title="Manic Street Preachers">Manic Street Preachers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lostprophets" title="Lostprophets">Lostprophets</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Underworld_(band)" title="Underworld (band)">Underworld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Super_Furry_Animals" title="Super Furry Animals">Super Furry Animals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catatonia_(band)" title="Catatonia (band)">Catatonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bullet_for_My_Valentine" title="Bullet for My Valentine">Bullet for My Valentine</a> have links with the city and are associated with the Cardiff music scene.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, Cardiff was named the UK's second "most musical" city by <a href="/wiki/PRS_for_Music" title="PRS for Music">PRS for Music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_arts">Visual arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Visual arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Art_in_Cardiff" title="Art in Cardiff">Art in Cardiff</a></div> <p>Cardiff has held a <a href="/wiki/Photomarathon" title="Photomarathon">photomarathon</a> in the city each year since 2004, in which photographers compete to take the best 12 pictures of 12 previously unknown topics in 12 hours. An exhibition of winners and other entries is held in June/July each year.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sporting_venues">Sporting venues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sporting venues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sporting venues include the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Stadium" title="Millennium Stadium">Principality Stadium</a> – the national stadium and home of the <a href="/wiki/Wales_national_rugby_union_team" title="Wales national rugby union team">Wales national rugby union team</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Gardens_(cricket_ground)" title="Sophia Gardens (cricket ground)">Sophia Gardens</a> for <a href="/wiki/Glamorgan_County_Cricket_Club" title="Glamorgan County Cricket Club">Glamorgan County Cricket Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_City_Stadium" title="Cardiff City Stadium">Cardiff City Stadium</a> for <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_City_F.C." title="Cardiff City F.C.">Cardiff City F.C.</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wales_national_football_team" title="Wales national football team">Wales football team</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_International_Sports_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiff International Sports Stadium">Cardiff International Sports Stadium</a>, home of <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Amateur_Athletic_Club" title="Cardiff Amateur Athletic Club">Cardiff Amateur Athletic Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Arms_Park" title="Cardiff Arms Park">Cardiff Arms Park</a> for <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Blues" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiff Blues">Cardiff Blues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_RFC" title="Cardiff RFC">Cardiff RFC</a> rugby union teams, and <a href="/wiki/Ice_Arena_Wales" title="Ice Arena Wales">Ice Arena Wales</a> for <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Devils" title="Cardiff Devils">Cardiff Devils</a> ice hockey team. It hosted the <a href="/wiki/1958_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games" title="1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games">1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games</a> and was dubbed European City of Sport for its role in international sporting events in 2009 and again in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Principality Stadium hosted 11 football matches during the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Summer Olympics</a>, including the opening event and the men's bronze medal match.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recreation">Recreation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bute_Park,_Cardiff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bute_Park%2C_Cardiff.jpg/220px-Bute_Park%2C_Cardiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bute_Park%2C_Cardiff.jpg/330px-Bute_Park%2C_Cardiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bute_Park%2C_Cardiff.jpg/440px-Bute_Park%2C_Cardiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1426" data-file-height="1029" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bute_Park" title="Bute Park">Bute Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Cardiff has strong nightlife. Most clubs and bars are situated in the city centre, especially St Mary Street. More recently Cardiff Bay has built up a strong night scene, with many modern bars and restaurants. The Brewery Quarter on St Mary Street is a recently developed venue for bars and restaurant with a central courtyard. Charles Street is also a popular part of the city. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scott_Memorial,_Roath_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_27200.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Scott_Memorial%2C_Roath_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_27200.jpg/220px-Scott_Memorial%2C_Roath_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_27200.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Scott_Memorial%2C_Roath_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_27200.jpg/330px-Scott_Memorial%2C_Roath_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_27200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Scott_Memorial%2C_Roath_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_27200.jpg/440px-Scott_Memorial%2C_Roath_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_27200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The lake at <a href="/wiki/Roath_Park" title="Roath Park">Roath Park</a>, including the lighthouse erected as a memorial to <a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Captain Scott</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Cardiff is known for its extensive parks and other green spaces covering around 10% of the city's total area.<sup id="cite_ref-trends_208-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trends-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cardiff's main park, Bute Park (which was formerly the castle grounds) extends northwards from the top of one of Cardiff's main shopping street (Queen Street); when combined with the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Llandaff_Fields" class="mw-redirect" title="Llandaff Fields">Llandaff Fields</a> and Pontcanna Fields to the north-west it produces a massive open space skirting the River Taff. Other popular parks include <a href="/wiki/Roath_Park" title="Roath Park">Roath Park</a> in the north, donated to the city by the <a href="/wiki/John_Crichton-Stuart,_3rd_Marquess_of_Bute" title="John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute">3rd Marquess of Bute</a> in 1887, which includes a popular boating lake; <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Park,_Cardiff" title="Victoria Park, Cardiff">Victoria Park, Cardiff</a>'s first official park; and <a href="/wiki/Thompson%27s_Park" title="Thompson's Park">Thompson's Park</a>, formerly home to an <a href="/wiki/Aviary" title="Aviary">aviary</a> removed in the 1970s. Wild open spaces include Howardian Local Nature Reserve, 32 acres (13 ha) of the lower Rhymney valley in Penylan noted for its orchids,<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Forest_Farm_Country_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest Farm Country Park">Forest Farm Country Park</a>, over 150 acres (61 ha) along the River Taff in Whitchurch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Cardiff" title="Media in Cardiff">Media in Cardiff</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Wales">Media in Wales</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Media_Wales,_Six_Park_Street,_Cardiff_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Media_Wales%2C_Six_Park_Street%2C_Cardiff_001.jpg/170px-Media_Wales%2C_Six_Park_Street%2C_Cardiff_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Media_Wales%2C_Six_Park_Street%2C_Cardiff_001.jpg/255px-Media_Wales%2C_Six_Park_Street%2C_Cardiff_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Media_Wales%2C_Six_Park_Street%2C_Cardiff_001.jpg/340px-Media_Wales%2C_Six_Park_Street%2C_Cardiff_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/South_Wales_Echo" title="South Wales Echo">South Wales Echo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Mail_(Wales)" title="Western Mail (Wales)">Western Mail</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Cardiff is the Welsh base for the main national broadcasters (<a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales" title="BBC Cymru Wales">BBC Cymru Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITV_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="ITV Wales">ITV Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a>). A locally based television station, <i>Made in Cardiff</i>, is also based in the city centre. Major filming studios in Cardiff include the BBC's <a href="/wiki/Roath_Lock" title="Roath Lock">Roath Lock</a> Studios and <a href="/wiki/Pinewood_Studios" title="Pinewood Studios">Pinewood Studios</a> Wales. </p><p>Several contemporary television programmes and films are filmed in and/or set in Cardiff such as <i><a href="/wiki/Casualty_(TV_series)" title="Casualty (TV series)">Casualty</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sarah_Jane_Adventures" title="The Sarah Jane Adventures">The Sarah Jane Adventures</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Torchwood" title="Torchwood">Torchwood</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Merlin_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Merlin (TV series)">Merlin</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Class_(2016_TV_series)" title="Class (2016 TV series)">Class</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Valleys_(TV_series)" title="The Valleys (TV series)">The Valleys</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Upstairs_Downstairs_(2010_TV_series)" title="Upstairs Downstairs (2010 TV series)">Upstairs Downstairs</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Discovery_of_Witches_(TV_series)" title="A Discovery of Witches (TV series)">A Discovery of Witches</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/His_Dark_Materials_(TV_series)" title="His Dark Materials (TV series)">His Dark Materials</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Being_Human_(British_TV_series)" title="Being Human (British TV series)">Being Human</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Tracy_Beaker_(TV_series)" title="The Story of Tracy Beaker (TV series)">The Story of Tracy Beaker</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Wizards_vs_Aliens" title="Wizards vs Aliens">Wizards vs Aliens</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sex_Education_(TV_series)" title="Sex Education (TV series)">Sex Education</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_(TV_series)" title="Sherlock (TV series)">Sherlock</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main local newspaper is the <i><a href="/wiki/South_Wales_Echo" title="South Wales Echo">South Wales Echo</a></i>; the national paper is the <i><a href="/wiki/Western_Mail_(Wales)" title="Western Mail (Wales)">Western Mail</a></i>. Both are based in Park Street in the city centre. <i>Capital Times</i>, <i>Echo Extra</i> and the South Wales edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Metro_(Associated_Metro_Limited)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro (Associated Metro Limited)">Metro</a></i> are also based and distributed in the city. </p><p>There are several magazines, including <i><a href="/wiki/Primary_Times" title="Primary Times">Primary Times</a></i> and a monthly <i><a href="/wiki/Papur_bro" class="mw-redirect" title="Papur bro">papur bro</a></i>, and a Welsh-language community newsletter called <i><a href="/wiki/Y_Dinesydd" title="Y Dinesydd">Y Dinesydd</a></i> (The Citizen). Radio stations serving the city and based in Cardiff include <a href="/wiki/97.4_%26_103.2_Capital_FM_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="97.4 & 103.2 Capital FM South Wales">Capital South Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heart_South_Wales" title="Heart South Wales">Heart South Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Wales" title="BBC Radio Wales">BBC Radio Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru" title="BBC Radio Cymru">BBC Radio Cymru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nation_Radio_Wales" title="Nation Radio Wales">Nation Radio Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Cardiff" title="Radio Cardiff">Radio Cardiff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smooth_Wales" title="Smooth Wales">Smooth Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xpress_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Xpress Radio">Xpress Radio</a>. </p><p>The Principality Stadium was one of the first six British landmarks to be fully mapped on <a href="/wiki/Google_street_view" class="mw-redirect" title="Google street view">Google Street View</a> as a 360-degree virtual tour.<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Cardiff" title="Sport in Cardiff">Sport in Cardiff</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Leisure_centres_in_Cardiff" title="Leisure centres in Cardiff">Leisure centres in Cardiff</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_stadia_in_Wales_by_capacity" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stadia in Wales by capacity">List of stadia in Wales by capacity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rugby_in_Cardiff" title="Rugby in Cardiff">Rugby in Cardiff</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_Arms_Park_-_north_stand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cardiff_Arms_Park_-_north_stand.jpg/220px-Cardiff_Arms_Park_-_north_stand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cardiff_Arms_Park_-_north_stand.jpg/330px-Cardiff_Arms_Park_-_north_stand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cardiff_Arms_Park_-_north_stand.jpg/440px-Cardiff_Arms_Park_-_north_stand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Cardiff Arms Park</figcaption></figure> <p>Cardiff hosts many high-profile sporting events at local, national and international level and in recognition of the city's commitment to sport for all was awarded the title of European Capital of Sport 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Organised sports have been held in the city since the early 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Arms_Park_1_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arms_Park_1-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> national home sporting fixtures are nearly always played in the city. All Wales' multi-sports agencies and many of the <a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">country</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Governing_bodies_of_sports_in_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Governing bodies of sports in Wales">sports governing bodies</a> have their headquarters in Cardiff and the city's many top quality venues have attracted world-famous sports events, sometimes unrelated to Cardiff or to Wales. In 2008/09, 61% of Cardiff residents regularly participated in sport and active recreation, the highest percentage in ll 22 local authorities in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a> fans around the world have long been familiar with the old National Stadium, Cardiff Arms Park, and its successor the <a href="/wiki/Principality_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality Stadium">Principality Stadium</a>, which hosted the <a href="/wiki/FA_Cup" title="FA Cup">FA Cup</a> for six years (from 2001 to 2006) it took to rebuild <a href="/wiki/Wembley_Stadium" title="Wembley Stadium">Wembley Stadium</a>. In 2009, Cardiff hosted the first <a href="/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian cricket team in England in 2009">Ashes</a> cricket test between England and Australia to be held in Wales. Cardiff hosted eight football matches of the <a href="/wiki/London_2012_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="London 2012 Olympics">London 2012 Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MillenniumStadiumExterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/MillenniumStadiumExterior.jpg/220px-MillenniumStadiumExterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/MillenniumStadiumExterior.jpg/330px-MillenniumStadiumExterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/MillenniumStadiumExterior.jpg/440px-MillenniumStadiumExterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Principality_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality Stadium">Principality Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_City_F.C." title="Cardiff City F.C.">Cardiff City F.C.</a> (founded 1899 as Riverside AFC) played their home games at <a href="/wiki/Ninian_Park" title="Ninian Park">Ninian Park</a> from 1910 until the end of the 2008–09 season. The club's new home is the <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_City_Stadium" title="Cardiff City Stadium">Cardiff City Stadium</a>, which they initially rented to the <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Blues" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiff Blues">Cardiff Blues</a>, the city's professional rugby union team, the Blues returning to the Arms Park in 2012. Cardiff City have played in the English <a href="/wiki/The_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="The Football League">Football League</a> since the 1920–21 season, climbing to Division 1 after one season.<sup id="cite_ref-1927_1_218-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1927_1-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1927_2_219-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1927_2-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cardiff City are the only non-English team to have won the <a href="/wiki/FA_Cup" title="FA Cup">FA Cup</a>, beating <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_F.C." title="Arsenal F.C.">Arsenal</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1927_FA_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="1927 FA Cup Final">1927 final</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wembley_Stadium_(1923)" title="Wembley Stadium (1923)">Wembley Stadium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1927_2_219-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1927_2-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were runners up to <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_F.C." title="Portsmouth F.C.">Portsmouth</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2008_FA_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 FA Cup Final">2008 final</a>, losing 1–0 at the new Wembley Stadium.<sup id="cite_ref-1927_3_220-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1927_3-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2013/14 and 2018/19 seasons Cardiff City played in the English <a href="/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Metropolitan_University_F.C." title="Cardiff Metropolitan University F.C.">Cardiff Metropolitan University F.C.</a> of the Athletic Union of Cardiff Metropolitan University, based in Cyncoed, play in the <a href="/wiki/Cymru_Premier" title="Cymru Premier">Cymru Premier</a>, having been promoted from Welsh League Division One in 2016. They were winners of the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_League_Cup" title="Welsh League Cup">Welsh League Cup</a> for the 2018–19 season. <sup id="cite_ref-1927_4_221-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1927_4-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cardiff has numerous smaller clubs including <a href="/wiki/Bridgend_Street_A.F.C." title="Bridgend Street A.F.C.">Bridgend Street A.F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caerau_(Ely)_A.F.C." title="Caerau (Ely) A.F.C.">Caerau (Ely) A.F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Corinthians_F.C." title="Cardiff Corinthians F.C.">Cardiff Corinthians F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Grange_Harlequins_A.F.C." title="Cardiff Grange Harlequins A.F.C.">Cardiff Grange Harlequins A.F.C.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ely_Rangers_A.F.C." title="Ely Rangers A.F.C.">Ely Rangers A.F.C.</a>, which all play in the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_football_league_system" title="Welsh football league system">Welsh football league system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Peldroed_1_222-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peldroed_1-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Welsh_Institute_of_Sport,_Cardiff_-_entrance.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Welsh_Institute_of_Sport%2C_Cardiff_-_entrance.JPG/220px-Welsh_Institute_of_Sport%2C_Cardiff_-_entrance.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Welsh_Institute_of_Sport%2C_Cardiff_-_entrance.JPG/330px-Welsh_Institute_of_Sport%2C_Cardiff_-_entrance.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Welsh_Institute_of_Sport%2C_Cardiff_-_entrance.JPG/440px-Welsh_Institute_of_Sport%2C_Cardiff_-_entrance.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2053" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sport_Wales_National_Centre" title="Sport Wales National Centre">Sport Wales National Centre</a>, Cardiff, headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Sport_Wales" title="Sport Wales">Sport Wales</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Sports_Association" title="Welsh Sports Association">Welsh Sports Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Disability_Sport_Wales" title="Federation of Disability Sport Wales">Federation of Disability Sport Wales</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to men's football teams <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_City_Ladies_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiff City Ladies F.C.">Cardiff City Ladies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/FA_Women%27s_Premier_League_Southern_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="FA Women's Premier League Southern Division">FA Women's Premier League Southern Division</a> are based in the city. Teams in the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Premier_Women%27s_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Premier Women's Football League">Welsh Premier Women's Football League</a> are <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Met._Ladies_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiff Met. Ladies F.C.">Cardiff Met. Ladies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyncoed_Ladies_F.C." title="Cyncoed Ladies F.C.">Cyncoed Ladies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_City_F.C._(women)" title="Cardiff City F.C. (women)">Cardiff City</a>. </p><p>During the 1990s, London-based football club <a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wimbledon FC">Wimbledon FC</a> expressed interest in relocating to Cardiff, having been without a home of their own since exiting <a href="/wiki/Plough_Lane_(1912%E2%80%9398)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plough Lane (1912–98)">Plough Lane</a> stadium in 1991 and sharing with <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Crystal Palace FC">Crystal Palace FC</a> at <a href="/wiki/Selhurst_Park" title="Selhurst Park">Selhurst Park</a>. The relocation of the club to Cardiff did not happen; in 2003, the club moved to <a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes" title="Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a> and a year later rebranded as <a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_Dons_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Milton Keynes Dons FC">Milton Keynes Dons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_223-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cardiff Arms Park (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i lang="cy">Parc yr Arfau Caerdydd</i>), in central Cardiff, is among the world's most famous venues—being the scene of three Welsh <a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(rugby_union)" title="Grand Slam (rugby union)">Grand Slams</a> in the 1970s (<a href="/wiki/1971_Five_Nations_Championship" title="1971 Five Nations Championship">1971</a>, <a href="/wiki/1976_Five_Nations_Championship" title="1976 Five Nations Championship">1976</a> and <a href="/wiki/1978_Five_Nations_Championship" title="1978 Five Nations Championship">1978</a>) and six <a href="/wiki/Six_Nations_Championship" title="Six Nations Championship">Five Nations</a> titles in nine years—and was the venue for Wales' games in the <a href="/wiki/1991_Rugby_World_Cup" title="1991 Rugby World Cup">1991 Rugby World Cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Arms_Park_2_224-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arms_Park_2-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rwc_1_225-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rwc_1-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arms_Park_3_226-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arms_Park_3-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arms_Park_4_227-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arms_Park_4-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Arms Park has a sporting history dating back to at least the 1850s, when Cardiff Cricket Club (formed 1819) relocated to the site.<sup id="cite_ref-Arms_Park_1_215-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arms_Park_1-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ground was donated to Cardiff CC in 1867 by the Marquess of Bute. Cardiff Cricket Club shared the ground with Cardiff Rugby Football Club (founded 1876) — forming <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Athletic_Club" title="Cardiff Athletic Club">Cardiff Athletic Club</a> between them — until 1966, when the cricket section moved to Sophia Gardens. Cardiff Athletic Club and the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Rugby_Union" title="Welsh Rugby Union">Welsh Rugby Union</a> established two stadia on the site—Cardiff RFC played at their stadium at the northern end of the site, and the Wales national rugby union team played international matches at the National Stadium, Cardiff Arms Park, which opened in 1970. The National Stadium was replaced by the 74,500 capacity Millennium Stadium (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i lang="cy">Stadiwm y Mileniwm</i>) in 1999—in time for the <a href="/wiki/1999_Rugby_World_Cup" title="1999 Rugby World Cup">1999 Rugby World Cup</a>—and is home stadium to the <a href="/wiki/Wales_national_rugby_union_team" title="Wales national rugby union team">Wales national rugby</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales_national_football_team" title="Wales national football team">football</a> teams for international matches.<sup id="cite_ref-Arms_Park_1_215-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arms_Park_1-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arms_Park_2_224-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arms_Park_2-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mileniwm_1_228-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mileniwm_1-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mileniwm_2_229-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mileniwm_2-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to Wales' <a href="/wiki/Six_Nations_Championship" title="Six Nations Championship">Six Nations Championship</a> and other international games, the Principality Stadium held four matches in the <a href="/wiki/2007_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2007 Rugby World Cup">2007 Rugby World Cup</a> and six FA Cup finals (from the <a href="/wiki/2001%E2%80%9302_FA_Cup" title="2001–02 FA Cup">2001–02</a> to <a href="/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306_FA_Cup" title="2005–06 FA Cup">2005–06</a> seasons) while <a href="/wiki/Wembley_Stadium" title="Wembley Stadium">Wembley Stadium</a> was being rebuilt.<sup id="cite_ref-rwc_1_225-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rwc_1-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_SWALEC_Stadium,_Cardiff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/The_SWALEC_Stadium%2C_Cardiff.jpg/220px-The_SWALEC_Stadium%2C_Cardiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/The_SWALEC_Stadium%2C_Cardiff.jpg/330px-The_SWALEC_Stadium%2C_Cardiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/The_SWALEC_Stadium%2C_Cardiff.jpg/440px-The_SWALEC_Stadium%2C_Cardiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3296" data-file-height="2472" /></a><figcaption>SWALEC Stadium</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Cricket_Club" title="Cardiff Cricket Club">Cardiff Cricket Club</a> was formed in 1819 and <a href="/wiki/Glamorgan_CCC" class="mw-redirect" title="Glamorgan CCC">Glamorgan County Cricket Club</a> has competed as a first-class county since 1921. Its headquarters and ground is the <a href="/wiki/SWALEC_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="SWALEC Stadium">SWALEC Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Gardens" title="Sophia Gardens">Sophia Gardens</a>, since moving from Cardiff Arms Park in 1966. The Sophia Gardens stadium underwent multimillion-pound improvements since being selected to host the first <a href="/wiki/England_cricket_team" title="England cricket team">"England"</a> v <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_cricket_team" title="Australia national cricket team">Australia</a> <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test match</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian cricket team in England in 2009">2009 Ashes series</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Arms_Park_1_215-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arms_Park_1-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sophia_1_230-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sophia_1-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Hundred_(cricket)" title="The Hundred (cricket)">The Hundred</a> franchise team <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Fire" title="Welsh Fire">Welsh Fire</a> is also based at the stadium. </p><p>Cardiff has a long association with boxing, from <a href="/wiki/Jim_Driscoll" title="Jim Driscoll">'Peerless' Jim Driscoll</a> — born in Cardiff in 1880 — to more recent, high-profile fights staged in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Peerless_1_231-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peerless_1-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include the <a href="/wiki/World_Boxing_Council" title="World Boxing Council">WBC</a> <a href="/wiki/Lennox_Lewis_vs._Frank_Bruno" title="Lennox Lewis vs. Frank Bruno">Lennox Lewis vs. Frank Bruno</a> <a href="/wiki/Heavyweight" title="Heavyweight">heavyweight</a> championship fight at the Arms Park in 1993, and many of <a href="/wiki/Joe_Calzaghe" title="Joe Calzaghe">Joe Calzaghe</a>'s fights, between 2003 and 2007. </p><p>Cardiff's professional ice hockey team, the <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Devils" title="Cardiff Devils">Cardiff Devils</a>, plays in the 3,000-seat <a href="/wiki/Ice_Arena_Wales" title="Ice Arena Wales">Ice Arena Wales</a> in the Cardiff International Sports Village. It plays in the 12-team professional <a href="/wiki/Elite_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Elite Ice Hockey League">Elite Ice Hockey League</a>. Founded in 1986, it was one of the most successful British teams in the 1990s. </p><p>Cardiff's only American-flag football team is the Hurricanes. It won the British Championship in 2014 after falling short by 2 points in a quarter-final to eventual winners, the London Rebels, the previous year. It is based at Roath Recreational Ground. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_International_Pool_%2709.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cardiff_International_Pool_%2709.jpg/220px-Cardiff_International_Pool_%2709.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cardiff_International_Pool_%2709.jpg/330px-Cardiff_International_Pool_%2709.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cardiff_International_Pool_%2709.jpg/440px-Cardiff_International_Pool_%2709.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_International_Pool" title="Cardiff International Pool">Cardiff International Pool</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_International_Sports_Village" title="Cardiff International Sports Village">International Sports Village</a>, Cardiff Bay</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/1958_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games" title="1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games">1958 Commonwealth Games</a> were hosted by Cardiff. These involved 1,130 athletes from 35 national teams competing in 94 events.<sup id="cite_ref-Empire_1958_232-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Empire_1958-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the venues for those Games—The Wales Empire Swimming Pool—was demolished in 1998 to make way for the Principality Stadium. The GBP32m <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_International_Pool" title="Cardiff International Pool">Cardiff International Pool</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Bay" title="Cardiff Bay">Cardiff Bay</a>, opened to the public on 12 January 2008 — part of the GBP1bn International Sports Village (ISV) — is the only Olympic-standard swimming pool in Wales. When complete, the ISV complex will provide Olympic standard facilities for sports including <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">fencing</a>, gymnastics, <a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">judo</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_water" class="mw-redirect" title="White water">white water</a> events (including <a href="/wiki/Whitewater_canoeing" title="Whitewater canoeing">canoeing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whitewater_kayaking" title="Whitewater kayaking">kayaking</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">wrestling</a> as well as a <a href="/wiki/Indoor_skiing" title="Indoor skiing">snow dome</a> with real snow for <a href="/wiki/Skiing" title="Skiing">skiing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snowboarding" title="Snowboarding">snowboarding</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Arena" title="Cardiff Arena">arena</a> for public <a href="/wiki/Ice_skating" title="Ice skating">ice skating</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> and a hotel.<sup id="cite_ref-Pool_1_233-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pool_1-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ISV_1_234-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISV_1-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the sports facilities at the ISV were to be used as training venues for the <a href="/wiki/London_2012_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="London 2012 Olympics">London 2012 Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ISV_2_235-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISV_2-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GB_Rally_December_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/GB_Rally_December_2006.jpg/220px-GB_Rally_December_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/GB_Rally_December_2006.jpg/330px-GB_Rally_December_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/GB_Rally_December_2006.jpg/440px-GB_Rally_December_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>A stage of Wales Rally GB, hosted inside the <a href="/wiki/Principality_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality Stadium">Principality Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Principality Stadium hosts motor-sport events such as the <a href="/wiki/World_Rally_Championship" title="World Rally Championship">World Rally Championship</a>, as part of <a href="/wiki/Wales_Rally_GB" title="Wales Rally GB">Wales Rally GB</a>. The first indoor special stages of the World Rally Championship were held at the Principality Stadium in September 2005 and have been an annual event since.<sup id="cite_ref-Rali_1_236-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rali_1-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Speedway_Grand_Prix_of_Great_Britain" title="Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain">British Speedway Grand Prix</a>, one of the World Championship events, is held at the Principality Stadium.<sup id="cite_ref-Mileniwm_2_229-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mileniwm_2-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the track—a temporary, purpose built, shale oval—is not universally loved, the venue is considered the best of the World Championship's 11 rounds.<sup id="cite_ref-Speedway_1_237-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Speedway_1-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_International_Sports_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiff International Sports Stadium">Cardiff International Sports Stadium</a>, opened 19 January 2009, replacing the <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Athletics_Stadium" title="Cardiff Athletics Stadium">Cardiff Athletics Stadium</a>, demolished to make way for the Cardiff City Stadium. It has a 4,953 capacity as a multi sport/special event venue, offering certificated international <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field_athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="Track and field athletics">track and field athletics</a> facilities, including an international standard external throws area.<sup id="cite_ref-Stadiwm_1_238-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stadiwm_1-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stadiwm_2_239-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stadiwm_2-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stadiwm_3_240-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stadiwm_3-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stadium houses the Headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Athletics" title="Welsh Athletics">Welsh Athletics</a>, the sport's governing body for Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-Stadiwm_4_241-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stadiwm_4-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's indoor track and field athletics sports venue is the <a href="/wiki/National_Indoor_Athletics_Centre" title="National Indoor Athletics Centre">National Indoor Athletics Centre</a>, an international athletics and multi sports centre at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales_Institute,_Cardiff" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wales Institute, Cardiff">University of Wales Institute, Cardiff</a> Campus, <a href="/wiki/Cyncoed" title="Cyncoed">Cyncoed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stadiwm_5_242-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stadiwm_5-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Principality_Building_Society" title="Principality Building Society">Principality</a> <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Half_Marathon" title="Cardiff Half Marathon">Cardiff Half Marathon</a> takes place each October and is one of the largest road races in the United Kingdom, attracting over 20,000 participants and many overseas visitors annually. The event is organised by the not-for-profit social enterprise Run 4 Wales, and has grown considerably since its establishment in 2003. It has hosted the World (2016) Commonwealth (2018) British (2014/2015) and Welsh (Annually) Half Marathon Championships and has held a <a href="/wiki/World_Athletics" title="World Athletics">World Athletics</a> Elite Road Race Label since 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The race is also a part of the SuperHalfs, a series of leading international half marathon races which also includes Lisbon, Prague, Berlin, Valencia and Copenhagen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Cardiff" title="List of people from Cardiff">List of people from Cardiff</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Cardiff" title="Category:People from Cardiff">Category:People from Cardiff</a></div> <p>Many notable people have hailed from Cardiff, ranging from historical figures such as the 12th-century Welsh leader <a href="/wiki/Ifor_Bach" title="Ifor Bach">Ifor Bach</a> to more recent figures such as <a href="/wiki/Roald_Dahl" title="Roald Dahl">Roald Dahl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Follett" title="Ken Follett">Ken Follett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Griff_Rhys_Jones" title="Griff Rhys Jones">Griff Rhys Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catrin_Dafydd" title="Catrin Dafydd">Catrin Dafydd</a>, and the former Blue Peter presenter <a href="/wiki/Gethin_Jones" title="Gethin Jones">Gethin Jones</a>. </p><p>Notable actors include <a href="/wiki/Ioan_Gruffudd" title="Ioan Gruffudd">Ioan Gruffudd</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_4_(2005_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantastic 4 (2005 film)">Fantastic 4</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Iwan_Rheon" title="Iwan Rheon">Iwan Rheon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones" title="Game of Thrones">Game of Thrones</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Rhys" title="Matthew Rhys">Matthew Rhys</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Americans" title="The Americans">The Americans</a>).</i> </p><p>Also notable is <a href="/wiki/Si%C3%A2n_Grigg" title="Siân Grigg">Siân Grigg</a>, BAFTA winner and Oscar nominated Hollywood make-up artist. </p><p>The city has been the birthplace of sports stars such as <a href="/wiki/Tanni_Grey-Thompson" title="Tanni Grey-Thompson">Tanni Grey-Thompson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colin_Jackson" title="Colin Jackson">Colin Jackson</a>, as well as many <a href="/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="The Football League">Football League</a> and international footballers, such as <a href="/wiki/Craig_Bellamy" title="Craig Bellamy">Craig Bellamy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gareth_Bale" title="Gareth Bale">Gareth Bale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Giggs" title="Ryan Giggs">Ryan Giggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Ledley" title="Joe Ledley">Joe Ledley</a>, and former managers of the <a href="/wiki/Wales_national_football_team" title="Wales national football team">Wales national football team</a> <a href="/wiki/Terry_Yorath" title="Terry Yorath">Terry Yorath</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Toshack" title="John Toshack">John Toshack</a>. International <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a> players from Cardiff include <a href="/wiki/Frank_Whitcombe" title="Frank Whitcombe">Frank Whitcombe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Boston" title="Billy Boston">Billy Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Willicombe" title="David Willicombe">David Willicombe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colin_Dixon" title="Colin Dixon">Colin Dixon</a>. International <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> players include <a href="/wiki/Sam_Warburton" title="Sam Warburton">Sam Warburton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Roberts" title="Jamie Roberts">Jamie Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Robinson_(rugby_player)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamie Robinson (rugby player)">Jamie Robinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicky_Robinson_(rugby_player)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicky Robinson (rugby player)">Nicky Robinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhys_Patchell" title="Rhys Patchell">Rhys Patchell</a>, and baseball internationals include <a href="/wiki/George_Whitcombe" title="George Whitcombe">George Whitcombe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ted_Peterson" title="Ted Peterson">Ted Peterson</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Saint_Teilo" title="Saint Teilo">Saint Teilo</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 500</span> – 9 February <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 560</span>) is the patron saint of Cardiff. He was a British Christian monk, bishop, and founder of monasteries and churches. Reputed to be a cousin, friend, and disciple of Saint David, he was Bishop of Llandaff and founder of the first church at Llandaff Cathedral, where his tomb is. His Saint's Day is 9 February. </p><p>Cardiff is also well known for its musicians. <a href="/wiki/Ivor_Novello" title="Ivor Novello">Ivor Novello</a> inspired the <a href="/wiki/Ivor_Novello_Awards" title="Ivor Novello Awards">Ivor Novello Awards</a>. <a href="/wiki/Idloes_Owen" title="Idloes Owen">Idloes Owen</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_National_Opera" title="Welsh National Opera">Welsh National Opera</a>, lived in Llandaff. Dame <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Bassey" title="Shirley Bassey">Shirley Bassey</a> was born and raised in Cardiff. <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Church" title="Charlotte Church">Charlotte Church</a> is famous as a crossover classical/pop singer. <a href="/wiki/Shakin%27_Stevens" title="Shakin' Stevens">Shakin' Stevens</a> was one of the top-selling male artists in the UK during the 1980s. <a href="/wiki/Tigertailz" title="Tigertailz">Tigertailz</a>, a popular <a href="/wiki/Glam_metal" title="Glam metal">glam metal</a> act in the 1980s, also hailed from Cardiff. A number of Cardiff-based bands, such as <a href="/wiki/Catatonia_(band)" title="Catatonia (band)">Catatonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Super_Furry_Animals" title="Super Furry Animals">Super Furry Animals</a>, were popular in the 1990s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twinning">Twinning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Twinning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk" title="Luhansk">Luhansk</a>, Ukraine<sup id="cite_ref-Cardiff_twinning_244-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardiff_twinning-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hordaland" title="Hordaland">Hordaland county</a>, Norway<sup id="cite_ref-Cardiff_twinning_244-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardiff_twinning-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucre" title="Sucre">Sucre</a>, Bolivia<sup id="cite_ref-Cardiff_twinning_244-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardiff_twinning-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>, France<sup id="cite_ref-Cardiff_twinning_244-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardiff_twinning-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Archant_twinning_245-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archant_twinning-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, Germany<sup id="cite_ref-Cardiff_twinning_244-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardiff_twinning-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a>, China<sup id="cite_ref-Cardiff_twinning_244-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardiff_twinning-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, Peru<sup id="cite_ref-Cardiff_twinning_244-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardiff_twinning-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Namesakes">Namesakes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Namesakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cardiff-by-the-Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiff-by-the-Sea">Cardiff-by-the-Sea</a> in Encinitas, California and <a href="/wiki/Cardiff,_Alabama" title="Cardiff, Alabama">Cardiff, Alabama</a> were both named after Cardiff in Wales. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomatic_presence">Diplomatic presence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Diplomatic presence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A total of 28 countries have a diplomatic presence in Cardiff.<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these, such as Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Denmark, Canada, Thailand and the Czech Republic, are represented by <a href="/wiki/Consul_(representative)" title="Consul (representative)">honorary consulates</a>. The United States Embassy to the UK operates a satellite office.<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-252" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freedom_of_the_City">Freedom of the City</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Freedom of the City"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following people and military units have received the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the City</a> of Cardiff; they are listed with the date that they received the honour.<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individuals">Individuals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Individuals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Cardiff" title="List of mayors of Cardiff">Andrew Fulton</a>: 31 March 1886</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Thomas,_1st_Baron_Pontypridd" title="Alfred Thomas, 1st Baron Pontypridd">Alfred Thomas, 1st Baron Pontypridd</a>: 13 August 1888</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Gladstone</a>: 6 July 1889</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_Victor,_Duke_of_Clarence_and_Avondale" title="Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale">Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale</a>: 17 September 1890</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Morton_Stanley" title="Henry Morton Stanley">Sir Henry Morton Stanley</a>: 27 March 1891</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lord_mayors_of_London" title="List of lord mayors of London">Sir David Evans</a>: 1 July 1892</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_marshal_(United_Kingdom)" title="Field marshal (United Kingdom)">Field Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Roberts,_1st_Earl_Roberts" title="Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts">Lord Roberts of Kandahar</a>: 26 January 1894</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Reed_(naval_architect)" title="Edward Reed (naval architect)">Sir Edward Reed</a>: 28 September 1895</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Prince of Wales</a> (later King Edward VII): 27 June 1896</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Windsor-Clive,_1st_Earl_of_Plymouth" title="Robert Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth">Robert Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth</a>: 3 June 1897</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Cardiff" title="List of mayors of Cardiff">David Jones</a>: 18 April 1898</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_marshal_(United_Kingdom)" title="Field marshal (United Kingdom)">Field Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener</a>: 2 December 1897</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-general_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)">Lieutenant General</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Baden-Powell,_1st_Baron_Baden-Powell" title="Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell">Lord Baden-Powell</a>: 29 May 1903</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lewis,_1st_Baron_Merthyr" title="William Lewis, 1st Baron Merthyr">William Lewis, 1st Baron Merthyr</a> : 10 March 1905</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">Prince of Wales</a> (later King George V): 29 June 1905</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a>: 24 June 1908</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Morgan,_1st_Viscount_Tredegar" title="Godfrey Morgan, 1st Viscount Tredegar">Godfrey Morgan, 1st Viscount Tredegar</a>: 25 October 1909</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Cardiff" title="List of mayors of Cardiff">Francis John Beavan</a>: 10 October 1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_baronets" title="Thomas baronets">Sir William James Thomas</a>: 12 April 1915</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hughes" title="Billy Hughes">William Morris Hughes</a>: 24 March 1916</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._A._Thomas" title="D. A. Thomas">Lord Rhondda</a>: 27 October 1916</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Massey" title="William Massey">William Massey</a>: 8 May 1917</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal">Field Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Jan_Smuts" title="Jan Smuts">Jan Smuts</a>: 27 October 1917</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Borden" title="Robert Borden">Sir Robert Borden</a>: 24 July 1918</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a> <a href="/wiki/Bhupinder_Singh_of_Patiala" title="Bhupinder Singh of Patiala">Sir Bhupinder Singh of Patiala</a>: 24 July 1918</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Prince of Wales</a> (later King Edward VIII): 26 June 1919</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Cardiff" title="List of mayors of Cardiff">Sir Charles Hayward Bird</a>: 5 July 1923</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">Duke of York</a>: 22 October 1926</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tatem,_1st_Baron_Glanely" title="William Tatem, 1st Baron Glanely">William Tatem, 1st Baron Glanely</a>: 26 March 1928</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Reardon_Smith" title="William Reardon Smith">Sir William Reardon Smith</a>: 26 March 1928</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Davies,_1st_Baron_Davies" title="David Davies, 1st Baron Davies">Lord Davies of Llandinam</a>: 26 October 1931</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Cardiff" title="List of mayors of Cardiff">Sir Illtyd Thomas</a>: 26 October 1931</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince George, Duke of Kent">Prince George, Duke of Kent</a>: 25 October 1932</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sankey,_1st_Viscount_Sankey" title="John Sankey, 1st Viscount Sankey">John Sankey, 1st Viscount Sankey</a>: 5 March 1934</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goscombe_John" title="Goscombe John">Sir Goscombe John</a>: 26 October 1936</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Windsor-Clive,_2nd_Earl_of_Plymouth" title="Ivor Windsor-Clive, 2nd Earl of Plymouth">Ivor Windsor-Clive, 2nd Earl of Plymouth</a>: 26 October 1936</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris,_1st_Viscount_Nuffield" title="William Morris, 1st Viscount Nuffield">William Morris, 1st Viscount Nuffield</a>: 15 October 1937</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyndham_Portal,_1st_Viscount_Portal" title="Wyndham Portal, 1st Viscount Portal">Wyndham Portal, 1st Viscount Portal</a>: 15 October 1937</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Duchess of Edinburgh</a> (later Queen Elizabeth II): 27 May 1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Sir Winston Churchill</a>: 16 July 1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Cardiff" title="List of mayors of Cardiff">Sir William Richard Williams</a>: 11 May 1954</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Cardiff" title="List of mayors of Cardiff">Sir Herbert Hiles</a>: 11 May 1954</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a>: 1 December 1954</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_(United_Kingdom)" title="Major (United Kingdom)">Major</a> <a href="/wiki/Gwilym_Lloyd_George" title="Gwilym Lloyd George">Lord Tenby of Bulford</a>: 26 October 1956</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles III of the United Kingdom">Prince of Wales</a> (Later King Charles III): 5 July 1969</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Lord Callaghan of Cardiff</a>: 16 March 1975</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Thomas,_1st_Viscount_Tonypandy" title="George Thomas, 1st Viscount Tonypandy">Lord Tonypandy</a>: 16 March 1975</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Diana, Princess of Wales">Diana, Princess of Wales</a>: 29 October 1981</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>: 2 June 1982</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cennydd_Traherne" title="Cennydd Traherne">Sir Cennydd Traherne</a>: 29 January 1985</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Dunleavy" title="Philip Dunleavy">Philip Dunleavy</a>: 25 January 1993</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>: 16 June 1998</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledwyn_Hughes,_Baron_Cledwyn_of_Penrhos" title="Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos">Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos</a>: 4 December 2000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanni_Grey-Thompson" title="Tanni Grey-Thompson">Baroness Grey-Thompson</a>: 27 November 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Jackson" title="Colin Jackson">Colin Jackson</a>: 27 November 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_(United_Kingdom)" title="Major (United Kingdom)">Major</a> <a href="/wiki/Tasker_Watkins" title="Tasker Watkins">Sir Tasker Watkins</a>: 12 April 2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Bassey" title="Shirley Bassey">Dame Shirley Bassey</a>: 23 February 2012</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_units">Military units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Military units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Welch_Regiment" title="Welch Regiment">Welch Regiment</a>: 10 June 1944</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Guards" title="Welsh Guards">Welsh Guards</a>: 27 April 1957</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Regiment_of_Wales" title="Royal Regiment of Wales">Royal Regiment of Wales</a>: 11 June 1969</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Welch_Fusiliers" title="Royal Welch Fusiliers">Royal Welch Fusiliers</a>: 7 November 1973</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/1st_The_Queen%27s_Dragoon_Guards" title="1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards">1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards</a>: 29 July 1985</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Cardiff_(D108)" title="HMS Cardiff (D108)">HMS Cardiff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">RN</a>: 3 February 1988</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Merchant_Navy_(United_Kingdom)" title="Merchant Navy (United Kingdom)">Merchant Navy</a> Association (Wales): 3 September 2001</li> <li><a href="/wiki/203_(Welsh)_Field_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="203 (Welsh) Field Hospital">203 (Welsh) Field Hospital</a> <a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">(Volunteers)</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Army_Medical_Corps" title="Royal Army Medical Corps">RAMC</a>: 21 April 2014</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Dragon_(D35)" title="HMS Dragon (D35)">HMS Dragon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">RN</a>: 18 May 2014</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Destinations_from_Cardiff" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Destinations from Cardiff</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Llantrisant" title="Llantrisant">Llantrisant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhondda" title="Rhondda">Rhondda</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pontypridd" title="Pontypridd">Pontypridd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brecon" title="Brecon">Brecon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merthyr_Tydfil" title="Merthyr Tydfil">Merthyr Tydfil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caerphilly" title="Caerphilly">Caerphilly</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chepstow" title="Chepstow">Chepstow</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Maesteg" title="Maesteg">Maesteg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neath" title="Neath">Neath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bridgend" title="Bridgend">Bridgend</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">CARDIFF</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Channel" title="Bristol Channel">Bristol Channel</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Llantwit_Major" title="Llantwit Major">Llantwit Major</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiff International Airport">Cardiff International Airport</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Penarth" title="Penarth">Penarth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinas_Powys" title="Dinas Powys">Dinas Powys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry,_Vale_of_Glamorgan" title="Barry, Vale of Glamorgan">Barry</a></td> <td>Bristol Channel</td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_music_scene" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiff music scene">Cardiff music scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cultural_venues_in_Cardiff" title="List of cultural venues in Cardiff">List of cultural venues in Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parliamentary_constituencies_in_South_Glamorgan" title="List of parliamentary constituencies in South Glamorgan">List of parliamentary constituencies in South Glamorgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Cardiff" title="List of places in Cardiff">List of places in Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_of_worship_in_Cardiff" title="List of places of worship in Cardiff">List of places of worship in Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_and_squares_in_Cardiff" title="List of streets and squares in Cardiff">List of streets and squares in Cardiff</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Council_leadership-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Council_leadership_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160325202537/https://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ENG/Your-Council/Pages/default.aspx">"Your Council"</a>. <i>Cardiff Council</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ENG/Your-Council/Pages/default.aspx">the original</a> on 25 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cardiff+Council&rft.atitle=Your+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cardiff.gov.uk%2FENG%2FYour-Council%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popstats-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-popstats_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-popstats_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-popstats_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland/mid2022/mye22final.xlsx">"Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a></i>. 26 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.atitle=Mid-Year+Population+Estimates%2C+UK%2C+June+2022&rft.date=2024-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Ffile%3Furi%3D%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fpopulationandmigration%2Fpopulationestimates%2Fdatasets%2Fpopulationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland%2Fmid2022%2Fmye22final.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021_Nomis-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Nomis_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Nomis_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_2021W06000015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">UK Census</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2021/report?compare=W06000015">"2021 Census Area Profile – Cardiff Local Authority (W06000015)"</a>. <i>Nomis</i>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom)">Office for National Statistics</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nomis&rft.atitle=2021+Census+Area+Profile+%E2%80%93+Cardiff+Local+Authority+%28W06000015%29&rft.date=2021&rft.au=UK+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fsources%2Fcensus_2021%2Freport%3Fcompare%3DW06000015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurocities.org/">"Eurocities"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928110159/http://www.eurocities.org/main.php">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurocities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurocities.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_20111946157397" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_census" title="2011 United Kingdom census">UK Census</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2011_ks/report?compare=1946157397">"Local Area Report – Cardiff Local Authority (1946157397)"</a>. <i>Nomis</i>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom)">Office for National Statistics</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nomis&rft.atitle=Local+Area+Report+%E2%80%93+Cardiff+Local+Authority+%281946157397%29&rft.date=2011&rft.au=UK+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fsources%2Fcensus_2011_ks%2Freport%3Fcompare%3D1946157397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statswales.gov.wales-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-statswales.gov.wales_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180620101839/https://statswales.gov.wales/Catalogue/Population-and-Migration/Population/Estimates/Local-Authority/populationestimates-by-localauthority-year">"Welsh Government Official Data – Stats Wales"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statswales.gov.wales/Catalogue/Population-and-Migration/Population/Estimates/Local-Authority/populationestimates-by-localauthority-year">the original</a> on 20 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welsh+Government+Official+Data+%E2%80%93+Stats+Wales&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatswales.gov.wales%2FCatalogue%2FPopulation-and-Migration%2FPopulation%2FEstimates%2FLocal-Authority%2Fpopulationestimates-by-localauthority-year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-13875925">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Gem' Cardiff in world's top 10 places to visit in 2011"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 22 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180917201359/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-13875925">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=%27Gem%27+Cardiff+in+world%27s+top+10+places+to+visit+in+2011&rft.date=2011-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-wales-south-east-wales-13875925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://businessnewswales.com/cardiff-boasts-record-visitor-numbers-during-2017/">"Cardiff Boasts Record Visitor Numbers During 2017"</a>. <i>Business News Wales</i>. 26 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180707203046/https://businessnewswales.com/cardiff-boasts-record-visitor-numbers-during-2017/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+News+Wales&rft.atitle=Cardiff+Boasts+Record+Visitor+Numbers+During+2017&rft.date=2018-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbusinessnewswales.com%2Fcardiff-boasts-record-visitor-numbers-during-2017%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitwales.com/things-do/attractions/tv-and-film-locations/must-visit-guide-doctor-who-filming-locations-wales">"Doctor Who filming location in South Wales"</a>. <i>VisitWales</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VisitWales&rft.atitle=Doctor+Who+filming+location+in+South+Wales&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitwales.com%2Fthings-do%2Fattractions%2Ftv-and-film-locations%2Fmust-visit-guide-doctor-who-filming-locations-wales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120315165706/http://wales.gov.uk/publications/accessinfo/drnewhomepage/economicdrs/2010/bbcdramavillage/?lang=en">"Proposed BBC Drama Village at Media Capital, Roath Basin"</a>. Welsh Assembly Government. 14 December 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wales.gov.uk/publications/accessinfo/drnewhomepage/economicdrs/2010/bbcdramavillage/?lang=en">the original</a> on 15 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Royal+Commission+on+the+Ancient+and+Historical+Monuments+of+Wales+website&rft.atitle=Tinkinswood+Chambered+Cairn%2C+site+details&rft.date=2003-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coflein.gov.uk%2Fen%2Fsite%2F94510%2Fdetails%2FTINKINSWOOD%2BCHAMBERED%2BCAIRN%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coflein_Cae-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Coflein_Cae_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coflein.gov.uk/en/site/93016/details/CAE-YR-ARFAU%3B+CAE%27RARFAU+BURIAL+CHAMBER/">"Cae-Yr-Arfau; Cae'Rarfau Burial Chamber, site details, Coflein"</a>. <i>The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales website</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Royal+Commission+on+the+Ancient+and+Historical+Monuments+of+Wales+website&rft.atitle=Cae-Yr-Arfau%3B+Cae%27Rarfau+Burial+Chamber%2C+site+details%2C+Coflein&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coflein.gov.uk%2Fen%2Fsite%2F93016%2Fdetails%2FCAE-YR-ARFAU%253B%2BCAE%2527RARFAU%2BBURIAL%2BCHAMBER%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coflein_Gwern-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Coflein_Gwern_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coflein.gov.uk/en/site/307811/details/GWERN-Y-CLEPPA%2C+LONG+BARROW/">"Gwern-Y-Cleppa, Long Barrow, site details"</a>. <i>The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales website</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stonehenge.co.uk+website&rft.atitle=Your+guide+to+Stonehenge%2C+the+World%27s+Favourite+Megalithic+Stone+Circle&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stonehenge.co.uk%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coflein_Garth-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Coflein_Garth_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121223142900/http://www.coflein.gov.uk/pls/portal/coflein.w_details?inumlink=6060351">"Garth Hill, Barrow I"</a>. <i>The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales website</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Royal+Commission+on+the+Ancient+and+Historical+Monuments+of+Wales+website&rft.atitle=Castle+Field+Camp+E+OF+Craig-Llywn%2C+site+details&rft.date=2004-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coflein.gov.uk%2Fen%2Fsite%2F301309%2Fdetails%2FCASTLE%2BFIELD%2BCAMP%2BE%2BOF%2BCRAIG-LLYWN%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coflein_Craigyparc-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Coflein_Craigyparc_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coflein.gov.uk/en/site/91922/details/CRAIG-Y-PARC%2C+ENCLOSURE/">"Craig-Y-Parc, enclosure, site details"</a>. <i>The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales website</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Royal+Commission+on+the+Ancient+and+Historical+Monuments+of+Wales+website&rft.atitle=Craig-Y-Parc%2C+enclosure%2C+site+details&rft.date=1990&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coflein.gov.uk%2Fen%2Fsite%2F91922%2Fdetails%2FCRAIG-Y-PARC%252C%2BENCLOSURE%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coflein_Llwynda-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Coflein_Llwynda_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coflein.gov.uk/en/site/94599/details/LLWYNDA-DDU%2C+HILLFORT/">"Llwynda-Ddu, Hillfort, site details"</a>. <i>The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales website</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cardiff+Borough+Council+Records%3A+Charter+13+%E2%80%93+Charter+of+Liberties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcalmview.cardiff.gov.uk%2FRecord.aspx%3Fsrc%3DCalmView.Catalog%26id%3DBC%252f1%252f11%26pos%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GoogoBits-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GoogoBits_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080117091733/http://www.googobits.com/articles/2181-a-history-lovers-guide-to-cardiff.html">"A History Lovers Guide to Cardiff"</a>. GoogoBits.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.googobits.com/articles/2181-a-history-lovers-guide-to-cardiff.html">the original</a> on 17 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+Lovers+Guide+to+Cardiff&rft.pub=GoogoBits.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.googobits.com%2Farticles%2F2181-a-history-lovers-guide-to-cardiff.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/6311527.stm">"Anniversary of 1607 killer wave"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 30 January 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070210031214/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/6311527.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Anniversary+of+1607+killer+wave&rft.date=2007-01-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2F6311527.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins1854" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, William L. (1854). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-QUIAAAAQAAJ&q=cardiff+1607&pg=PA31"><i>A History of the Town and Castle of Cardiff</i></a>. Charles Wakeford. pp. 31–33. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210528130541/https://books.google.com/books?id=-QUIAAAAQAAJ&q=cardiff+1607&pg=PA31">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Town+and+Castle+of+Cardiff&rft.pages=31-33&rft.pub=Charles+Wakeford&rft.date=1854&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=William+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-QUIAAAAQAAJ%26q%3Dcardiff%2B1607%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coflein.gov.uk/media/18/219/cpg211.pdf">"Cardiff Castle and Bute Park"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Coflein. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221127163625/https://coflein.gov.uk/media/18/219/cpg211.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cardiff+Castle+and+Bute+Park&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Coflein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoflein.gov.uk%2Fmedia%2F18%2F219%2Fcpg211.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Wales-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Wales_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Wales_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Wales_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Wales_47-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Wales_47-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaviesJenkinsBainesLynch2008" class="citation book cs1">Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel; Baines, Menna; Lynch, Peredur I. (17 April 2008). Davies, John (ed.). <i>The Welsh Academy Encyclopedia of Wales</i>. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7083-1953-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7083-1953-6"><bdi>978-0-7083-1953-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Welsh+Academy+Encyclopedia+of+Wales&rft.place=Cardiff&rft.pub=University+of+Wales+Press&rft.date=2008-04-17&rft.isbn=978-0-7083-1953-6&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Nigel&rft.au=Baines%2C+Menna&rft.au=Lynch%2C+Peredur+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bob_Sanders_2-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bob_Sanders_2_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bob_Sanders_2_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angelfire.com/ga/BobSanders/CDFF2.html">"A Cardiff & Vale of Glamorgan Chronology 1700–1849"</a>. Bob Sanders. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080518194424/http://www.angelfire.com/ga/BobSanders/CDFF2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Cardiff+%26+Vale+of+Glamorgan+Chronology+1700%E2%80%931849&rft.pub=Bob+Sanders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.angelfire.com%2Fga%2FBobSanders%2FCDFF2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2011" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, Gerald (2011). <i>Brief History of Wales</i>. Y Lolfa. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1847710185" title="Special:BookSources/978-1847710185"><bdi>978-1847710185</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brief+History+of+Wales&rft.pub=Y+Lolfa&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1847710185&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Leary2004" class="citation book cs1">O'Leary, Paul (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qkCmYNMVMxwC"><i>Irish Migrants in Modern Wales</i></a>. Liverpool University Press. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85323-858-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85323-858-4"><bdi>978-0-85323-858-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210528130601/https://books.google.com/books?id=qkCmYNMVMxwC">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Irish+Migrants+in+Modern+Wales&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-85323-858-4&rft.aulast=O%27Leary&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqkCmYNMVMxwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1993" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Francis Michael Longstreth (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eozO2RzSAVUC&pg=PA311"><i>The Cambridge Social History of Britain, 1750–1950</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 311. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43816-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43816-2"><bdi>978-0-521-43816-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210528130543/https://books.google.com/books?id=eozO2RzSAVUC&pg=PA311">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Social+History+of+Britain%2C+1750%E2%80%931950&rft.pages=311&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-43816-2&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Francis+Michael+Longstreth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeozO2RzSAVUC%26pg%3DPA311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/wa-25831-detroit-st-vincent-block-at-maindy-barrac">"Detroit & St Vincent block at Maindy Barracks, Cathays"</a>. British Listed buildings. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140424005035/http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/wa-25831-detroit-st-vincent-block-at-maindy-barrac">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Detroit+%26+St+Vincent+block+at+Maindy+Barracks%2C+Cathays&rft.pub=British+Listed+buildings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk%2Fwa-25831-detroit-st-vincent-block-at-maindy-barrac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090104023150/http://www.archivesnetworkwales.info/cgi-bin/anw/fulldesc_nofr?inst_id=33&coll_id=77663&expand=">"East Moors Steelworks, Cardiff collection (record of information achival)"</a>. Glamorgan Records Office. 1 February 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archivesnetworkwales.info/cgi-bin/anw/fulldesc_nofr?inst_id=33&coll_id=77663&expand=">the original</a> on 4 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=East+Moors+Steelworks%2C+Cardiff+collection+%28record+of+information+achival%29&rft.pub=Glamorgan+Records+Office&rft.date=2006-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archivesnetworkwales.info%2Fcgi-bin%2Fanw%2Ffulldesc_nofr%3Finst_id%3D33%26coll_id%3D77663%26expand%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowSquire1974" class="citation book cs1">Row, B. W.; Squire, F. G. (1974). <i>Cardiff 1889–1974: The Story of the County Borough</i>. The Corporation of Cardiff. pp. 13–15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cardiff+1889%E2%80%931974%3A+The+Story+of+the+County+Borough&rft.pages=13-15&rft.pub=The+Corporation+of+Cardiff&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Row&rft.aufirst=B.+W.&rft.au=Squire%2C+F.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckett2005" class="citation book cs1">Beckett, J.V. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jqqSSOyjBEoC&pg=PP8"><i>City Status in the British Isles, 1830–2002</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing Ltd. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-5067-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-5067-6"><bdi>978-0-7546-5067-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210528130543/https://books.google.com/books?id=jqqSSOyjBEoC&pg=PP8">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=City+Status+in+the+British+Isles%2C+1830%E2%80%932002&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-5067-6&rft.aulast=Beckett&rft.aufirst=J.V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjqqSSOyjBEoC%26pg%3DPP8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1955-12-20/debates/f75e8a8b-79d6-42d2-96be-80f271ffe0b1/CapitalOfPrincipality(Cardiff)">"Capital of Principality (Cardiff) (Hansard, 20 December 1955)"</a>. <i>hansard.millbanksystems.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830234559/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1955/dec/20/capital-of-principality-cardiff">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hansard.millbanksystems.com&rft.atitle=Capital+of+Principality+%28Cardiff%29+%28Hansard%2C+20+December+1955%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhansard.parliament.uk%2FCommons%2F1955-12-20%2Fdebates%2Ff75e8a8b-79d6-42d2-96be-80f271ffe0b1%2FCapitalOfPrincipality%28Cardiff%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Cardiff as Capital of Wales: Formal Recognition by Government". <i>The Times</i>. 21 December 1955.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Cardiff+as+Capital+of+Wales%3A+Formal+Recognition+by+Government&rft.date=1955-12-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnes_2012-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johnes_2012_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnes_2012_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProf._Martin_Johnes2012" class="citation journal cs1">Prof. Martin Johnes (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/716868">"Cardiff: The Making and Development of the Capital City of Wales"</a>. <i>Contemporary British History</i>. <b>26</b> (4): 509–28. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13619462.2012.676911">10.1080/13619462.2012.676911</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144368404">144368404</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190511111542/https://www.academia.edu/716868/Cardiff_The_Making_and_Development_of_the_Capital_City_of_Wales">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Councillors&rft.pub=Pentyrch+Community+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pentyrch.cc%2F%3Fpage_id%3D72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radyrandmorganstown.org/councillors-and-staff.html">"Councillors and staff"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radyr" title="Radyr">Radyr</a> & <a href="/wiki/Morganstown" title="Morganstown">Morganstown</a> Community Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200326195147/https://www.radyrandmorganstown.org/councillors-and-staff.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Community+Councillors&rft.pub=Tongwynlais+Community+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tongwynlais.org%2Fcommunity-councillors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stfaganscommunitycouncil.org.uk/St-Fagans-Cc/your_community_councillors-9441.aspx">"Your Community Councillors"</a>. <a href="/wiki/St_Fagans" title="St Fagans">St Fagans</a> Community Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200326195150/http://www.stfaganscommunitycouncil.org.uk/St-Fagans-Cc/your_community_councillors-9441.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ONS+website&rft.atitle=2011+Census+%E2%80%93+Population+and+Household+Estimates+for+Wales%2C+March+2011&rft.date=2012-07-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Frel%2Fcensus%2F2011-census%2Fpopulation-and-household-estimates-for-wales%2Fstb-2011-census-wales.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2008_population-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2008_population_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2008_population_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606191116/http://wales.gov.uk/docs/statistics/2009/090827sb492009en.pdf?lang=en">"2008 Mid-year Estimates of Population"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Cardiff+University+%E2%80%93+All-Wales+Role&rft.pub=Cardiff+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cardiff.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fcommunity%2Fhealthofnation%2Fallwalesrole%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080803025901/http://www.cardiffandvale.wales.nhs.uk/portal/page?_pageid=33%2C482279%2C33_482283&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL">"Cardiff & Vale NHS Trust – Our Hospitals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_and_Vale_NHS_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust">Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cardiffandvale.wales.nhs.uk/portal/page?_pageid=33,482279,33_482283&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL">the original</a> on 3 August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cardiff+%26+Vale+NHS+Trust+%E2%80%93+Our+Hospitals&rft.pub=Cardiff+and+Vale+NHS+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cardiffandvale.wales.nhs.uk%2Fportal%2Fpage%3F_pageid%3D33%2C482279%2C33_482283%26_dad%3Dportal%26_schema%3DPORTAL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081025051622/http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sites3/home.cfm?orgid=357&redirect=yes">"Velindre Cancer Centre"</a>. Velindre NHS Trust. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sites3/home.cfm?orgid=357&redirect=yes">the original</a> on 25 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Velindre+Cancer+Centre&rft.pub=Velindre+NHS+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wales.nhs.uk%2Fsites3%2Fhome.cfm%3Forgid%3D357%26redirect%3Dyes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spirehealthcare.com/cardiff/?pathname=cardiff">"Spire Cardiff Hospital"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Spire_Healthcare" title="Spire Healthcare">Spire Healthcare</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716120007/http://www.spirehealthcare.com/cardiff/?pathname=cardiff">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spire+Cardiff+Hospital&rft.pub=Spire+Healthcare&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spirehealthcare.com%2Fcardiff%2F%3Fpathname%3Dcardiff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-welsh-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-welsh_125-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-welsh_125-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins1997" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Geraint H. (1997). <i>The Welsh Language before the Industrial Revolution</i>. Cardiff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7083-1418-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7083-1418-0"><bdi>978-0-7083-1418-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Welsh+Language+before+the+Industrial+Revolution&rft.place=Cardiff&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7083-1418-0&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Geraint+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins1998" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Geraint H. (1998). <i>Language and Community in the Nineteenth Century</i>. Cardiff: Univ. of Wales Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7083-1467-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7083-1467-8"><bdi>0-7083-1467-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+and+Community+in+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.place=Cardiff&rft.pub=Univ.+of+Wales+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-7083-1467-8&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Geraint+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/2755217.stm">"Census shows Welsh language rise"</a>. BBC Wales. 14 February 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080406154822/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/2755217.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Census+shows+Welsh+language+rise&rft.date=2003-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fwales%2F2755217.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ENG/Your-Council/Strategies-plans-and-policies/Bilingual-Cardiff/Pages/default.aspx">"Bilingual Cardiff – Cardiff.gov.uk"</a>. <i>cardiff.gov.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170721100811/https://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ENG/Your-Council/Strategies-plans-and-policies/Bilingual-Cardiff/Pages/default.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cardiff.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Bilingual+Cardiff+%E2%80%93+Cardiff.gov.uk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cardiff.gov.uk%2FENG%2FYour-Council%2FStrategies-plans-and-policies%2FBilingual-Cardiff%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_129-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_129-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://statiaith.com/blog/cyfrifiad-2011/mapiau-am-y-gymraeg-o-gyfrifiad-2011/">"Mapiau Cyfrifiad 2011 | Statiaith"</a>. <i>statiaith.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151215142240/http://statiaith.com/blog/cyfrifiad-2011/mapiau-am-y-gymraeg-o-gyfrifiad-2011/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=statiaith.com&rft.atitle=Mapiau+Cyfrifiad+2011+%7C+Statiaith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatiaith.com%2Fblog%2Fcyfrifiad-2011%2Fmapiau-am-y-gymraeg-o-gyfrifiad-2011%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://businessnewswales.com/improving-bilingual-services-welsh-language-standards/">"Improving Bilingual Services with the Welsh Language Standards"</a>. <i>Business News Wales</i>. 28 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171017145513/https://businessnewswales.com/improving-bilingual-services-welsh-language-standards/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+News+Wales&rft.atitle=Improving+Bilingual+Services+with+the+Welsh+Language+Standards&rft.date=2017-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbusinessnewswales.com%2Fimproving-bilingual-services-welsh-language-standards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190620200907/https://statswales.gov.wales/Catalogue/Welsh-Language/Annual-Population-Survey-Welsh-Language/annualpopulationsurveyestimatesofpersonsaged3andoverwhosaytheycanspeakwelsh-by-localauthority-measure">"Annual Population Survey – Ability to speak Welsh by local authority and year"</a>. <i>statswales.gov.wales</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statswales.gov.wales/Catalogue/Welsh-Language/Annual-Population-Survey-Welsh-Language/annualpopulationsurveyestimatesofpersonsaged3andoverwhosaytheycanspeakwelsh-by-localauthority-measure">the original</a> on 20 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=statswales.gov.wales&rft.atitle=Annual+Population+Survey+%E2%80%93+Ability+to+speak+Welsh+by+local+authority+and+year&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatswales.gov.wales%2FCatalogue%2FWelsh-Language%2FAnnual-Population-Survey-Welsh-Language%2Fannualpopulationsurveyestimatesofpersonsaged3andoverwhosaytheycanspeakwelsh-by-localauthority-measure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071128094815/http://www.cilt.org.uk/pdf/pubs/positively_plurilingual.pdf">"Positively Plurilingual"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cilt.org.uk/pdf/pubs/positively_plurilingual.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Positively+Plurilingual&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cilt.org.uk%2Fpdf%2Fpubs%2Fpositively_plurilingual.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Phonetics-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Phonetics_133-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCouplandThomas1990" class="citation book cs1">Coupland, Nikolas; Thomas, Alan Richard (1 January 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tPwYt3gVbu4C&q=cardiff%20accent&pg=PA87"><i>English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change</i></a>. Multilingual Matters. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781853590313" title="Special:BookSources/9781853590313"><bdi>9781853590313</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170319200135/https://books.google.com/books?id=tPwYt3gVbu4C&pg=PA87&lpg=PA87&dq=cardiff%20accent&source=bl&ots=G0VLcC5XKi&sig=PQ-dMr1AN-fnS86oZt6fLqBb8bU&hl=en&ei=TMeOS_3BKI6A4Qaq6YitDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CA8Q6AEwBDgy#v=onepage&q=cardiff%20accent&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2017</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+in+Wales%3A+Diversity%2C+Conflict%2C+and+Change&rft.pub=Multilingual+Matters&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.isbn=9781853590313&rft.aulast=Coupland&rft.aufirst=Nikolas&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Alan+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtPwYt3gVbu4C%26q%3Dcardiff%2520accent%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cardiff_accent-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cardiff_accent_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/text-only/wales/cardiff/">"Accents and dialects of the UK: Cardiff <i>Accessed 2 March 2010</i>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110805064351/http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/text-only/wales/cardiff/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Accents+and+dialects+of+the+UK%3A+Cardiff+Accessed+2+March+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Flearning%2Flanglit%2Fsounds%2Ftext-only%2Fwales%2Fcardiff%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100601085533/http://www.britishcouncil.org/accreditation-az-list.htm">"A-Z list of accredited centres"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishcouncil.org/accreditation-az-list.htm">the original</a> on 1 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A-Z+list+of+accredited+centres&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishcouncil.org%2Faccreditation-az-list.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/censusareachanges/W06000015/">"How life has changed in Cardiff: Census 2021"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+life+has+changed+in+Cardiff%3A+Census+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fvisualisations%2Fcensusareachanges%2FW06000015%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dcard.html#stats">"Archdiocese of Cardiff – Statistics"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517123138/http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dcard.html#stats">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archdiocese+of+Cardiff+%E2%80%93+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic-hierarchy.org%2Fdiocese%2Fdcard.html%23stats&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/Community/Cardiff.htm">"JCR-UK – Cardiff Community"</a>. 14 October 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512081945/http://www.jewishgen.org/JCR-UK/Community/Cardiff.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JCR-UK+%E2%80%93+Cardiff+Community&rft.date=2005-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishgen.org%2Fjcr-uk%2FCommunity%2FCardiff.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/wal/GLA/Roath/Chapels.html">"Cardiff, Llandaff & Roath chapels database"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080119180148/http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/wal/GLA/Roath/Chapels.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cardiff%2C+Llandaff+%26+Roath+chapels+database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.genuki.org.uk%2Fbig%2Fwal%2FGLA%2FRoath%2FChapels.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nostos.com/church/">"The Greek Orthodox Church in Great Britain"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080122154842/http://www.nostos.com/church/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Greek+Orthodox+Church+in+Great+Britain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nostos.com%2Fchurch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081211202744/http://www.muslimdirectory.co.uk/displayresults.php?PHPSESSID=f0fb8b41d8758983e7d43cddb556b9df&businesstype=1&orgtype=&country=UK&city=Cardiff">"Muslim Directory – Mosques in Cardiff"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muslimdirectory.co.uk/displayresults.php?PHPSESSID=f0fb8b41d8758983e7d43cddb556b9df&businesstype=1&orgtype=&country=UK&city=Cardiff">the original</a> on 11 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Muslim+Directory+%E2%80%93+Mosques+in+Cardiff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muslimdirectory.co.uk%2Fdisplayresults.php%3FPHPSESSID%3Df0fb8b41d8758983e7d43cddb556b9df%26businesstype%3D1%26orgtype%3D%26country%3DUK%26city%3DCardiff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/religion/sites/timeline/pages/religion_in_wales_15.shtml">"Multicultural Wales"</a>. British Broadcasting Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080430180121/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/religion/sites/timeline/pages/religion_in_wales_15.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Multicultural+Wales&rft.pub=British+Broadcasting+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fwales%2Freligion%2Fsites%2Ftimeline%2Fpages%2Freligion_in_wales_15.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.somethingjewish.co.uk/articles/717_chief_visits_bristol.htm">Chief visits Bristol and Cardiff</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120510221504/http://www.somethingjewish.co.uk/articles/717_chief_visits_bristol.htm">Archived</a> 10 May 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Somethingjewish.co.uk (16 December 2003). Retrieved on 17 July 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolt2015" class="citation news cs1">Holt, Faygie Levy (17 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/news/article_cdo/aid/3066412/jewish/Cardiff-Rabbi-Builds-Sukkah-Awareness-Through-BBC-Radio-Show-in-Wales.htm">"Cardiff Rabbi Builds Sukkah Awareness Through BBC Radio Show in Wales"</a>. Chabad.org Jewish News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151011210201/http://www.chabad.org/news/article_cdo/aid/3066412/jewish/Cardiff-Rabbi-Builds-Sukkah-Awareness-Through-BBC-Radio-Show-in-Wales.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2015</span>. <q>Educational options for adults are also expanding, says Rabbi Rose, noting that the Rohr Jewish Learning Institute's (JLI) "Journey of the Soul" course</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cardiff+Rabbi+Builds+Sukkah+Awareness+Through+BBC+Radio+Show+in+Wales&rft.date=2015-09-17&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=Faygie+Levy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Fnews%2Farticle_cdo%2Faid%2F3066412%2Fjewish%2FCardiff-Rabbi-Builds-Sukkah-Awareness-Through-BBC-Radio-Show-in-Wales.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnsari2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Humayun_Ansari" class="mw-redirect" title="Humayun Ansari">Ansari, Humayun</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=43G472v4KMUC&q=cardiff+yemeni+sailors&pg=PA156"><i>The Infidel Within: Muslims in Britain Since 1800</i></a>. London: C. Hurst & Co. p. 429. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-686-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-686-9"><bdi>978-1-85065-686-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210528130605/https://books.google.com/books?id=43G472v4KMUC&q=cardiff+yemeni+sailors&pg=PA156">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Infidel+Within%3A+Muslims+in+Britain+Since+1800&rft.place=London&rft.pages=429&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-686-9&rft.aulast=Ansari&rft.aufirst=Humayun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D43G472v4KMUC%26q%3Dcardiff%2Byemeni%2Bsailors%26pg%3DPA156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cityprofile-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cityprofile_146-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cityprofile_146-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/00pt.asp">"Census 2001 – Profiles – Cardiff"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070816024606/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/00pt.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+2001+%E2%80%93+Profiles+%E2%80%93+Cardiff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Fcensus2001%2Fprofiles%2F00pt.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903214306/http://gov.wales/docs/statistics/2007/070509socialmuslimen.pdf">"A Social Audit of the Muslim Community in Wales"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 3 September 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gov.wales/docs/statistics/2007/070509socialmuslimen.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Social+Audit+of+the+Muslim+Community+in+Wales&rft.date=2015-09-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgov.wales%2Fdocs%2Fstatistics%2F2007%2F070509socialmuslimen.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080420155606/http://www.swaminarayanwales.org.uk/History/history.asp">"History of Shree Swaminarayan Temple Cardiff"</a>. 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BBC Wales. 22 September 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090115130822/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_east/7006249.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Worshippers+celebrate+with+parade&rft.date=2007-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fwales%2Fsouth_east%2F7006249.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/00PT-A.asp#ethnic">"Census 2001 – Profiles – Cardiff – Ethnicity & Religion"</a>. 19 February 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070524193506/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/00PT-A.asp#ethnic">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+2001+%E2%80%93+Profiles+%E2%80%93+Cardiff+%E2%80%93+Ethnicity+%26+Religion&rft.date=2003-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Fcensus2001%2Fprofiles%2F00PT-A.asp%23ethnic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClifton-FearnsideAdam_Douglas2002" class="citation web cs1">Clifton-Fearnside, Alex; Adam Douglas (14 May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090924210535/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/articles/economic_trends/Sub-regional_%26_Local_Area_GDP.pdf">"Sub-regional and local area gross domestic product"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Office for National Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/articles/economic_trends/Sub-regional_&_Local_Area_GDP.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sub-regional+and+local+area+gross+domestic+product&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.date=2002-05-14&rft.aulast=Clifton-Fearnside&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.au=Adam+Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Farticles%2Feconomic_trends%2FSub-regional_%26_Local_Area_GDP.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090114021425/http://www.statswales.wales.gov.uk/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=4903&IF_Language=isl">"Statistics on Commuting in Wales"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alangeorge.co.uk/the_glamorganshire_canal.htm">the original</a> on 27 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2008</span>. <q>The owners of Spillers Records, recognised by Guinness World Records as the oldest such emporium on Earth, say that it will close unless a buyer is found.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=World%27s+oldest+record+shop+in+the+death+grip+of+a+developer&rft.date=2006-12-01&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Fiona&rft.au=Coates%2C+Sam&rft.au=Savage%2C+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Farts_and_entertainment%2Farticle656416.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.networkrail.co.uk/feeds/new-platform-at-cardiff-central-station-will-help-to-ease-congestion-as-railway-upgrade-in-south-wales-continues/">New platform at Cardiff Central will help to ease congestion as railway upgrade in South Wales continues</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180512181941/https://www.networkrail.co.uk/feeds/new-platform-at-cardiff-central-station-will-help-to-ease-congestion-as-railway-upgrade-in-south-wales-continues/">Archived</a> 12 May 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Network Rail 1 December 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rail-reg.gov.uk/server/show/nav.1529">"Station usage"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Llandaff&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FLlandaff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060927041924/http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/content.asp?Parent_Directory_id=2865&nav=2870%2C3139%2C3939%2C3972">"Listed and Locally Listed Buildings"</a>. Cardiff County Council. 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London. 4 November 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606235025/http://www.theguardian.com/travel/2007/nov/04/escape?page=all">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Observer+Travel+Awards%3A+Your+holiday+winners&rft.date=2007-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftravel%2F2007%2Fnov%2F04%2Fescape%3Fpage%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928114810/http://www.visitbritain.co.uk/">"Visit Britain"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitbritain.co.uk/">the original</a> on 28 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Wales+%E2%80%93+Big+Weekend&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fwales%2Fmusic%2Fsites%2Fbig_weekend%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080417213451/http://www.theautomatic.co.uk/band.php">"The Automatic / Band"</a>. theautomatic.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theautomatic.co.uk/band.php">the original</a> on 17 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Automatic+%2F+Band&rft.pub=theautomatic.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheautomatic.co.uk%2Fband.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100101212617/http://www.myspace.com/manics">"Manic Street Preachers on MySpace Music – Free Streaming MP3s, Pictures & Music"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Manic_Street_Preachers" title="Manic Street Preachers">Manic Street Preachers</a>. 2 January 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myspace.com/manics">the original</a> on 1 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manic+Street+Preachers+on+MySpace+Music+%E2%80%93+Free+Streaming+MP3s%2C+Pictures+%26+Music&rft.pub=Manic+Street+Preachers&rft.date=2010-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myspace.com%2Fmanics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPattison" class="citation web cs1">Pattison, Louis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/music/sites/lostprophets/pages/rise.shtml">"The rise of Lostprophets"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Wales">BBC Wales</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101202142753/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/music/sites/lostprophets/pages/rise.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+rise+of+Lostprophets&rft.pub=BBC+Wales&rft.aulast=Pattison&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fwales%2Fmusic%2Fsites%2Flostprophets%2Fpages%2Frise.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMugan2006" class="citation news cs1">Mugan, Chris (30 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101113001608/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/cardiff-music-scene-the-scene-is-more-alive-than-ever-428059.html">"Cardiff music scene: 'The scene is more alive than ever'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/cardiff-music-scene-the-scene-is-more-alive-than-ever-428059.html">the original</a> on 13 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Cardiff+music+scene%3A+%27The+scene+is+more+alive+than+ever%27&rft.date=2006-11-30&rft.aulast=Mugan&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fmusic%2Ffeatures%2Fcardiff-music-scene-the-scene-is-more-alive-than-ever-428059.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/news/2010/03/13/bristol-named-britain-s-most-musical-city-115875-22107650/">"Bristol names Britain's most musical city"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605083821/http://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/news/2010/03/13/bristol-named-britain-s-most-musical-city-115875-22107650/">Archived</a> 5 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Daily Mirror</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karen Price (21 June 2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/new-views-city-unveiled--4695993">"Cardiff Photomarathon 2013: New views of the city unveiled"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140809114012/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/new-views-city-unveiled--4695993">Archived</a> 9 August 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>WalesOnline</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swiss+UK+Consulates&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Department+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eda.admin.ch%2Feda%2Fen%2Fhome%2Freps%2Feur%2Fvgbr%2Fukcons.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20081219234443/http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/missions/unitedkingdom-royaumeuni/">"Honorary Consulate, Cardiff"</a>. Government of Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/canada-europa/united_kingdom/honcons-cardiff-en.asp">the original</a> on 19 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honorary+Consulate%2C+Cardiff&rft.pub=Government+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dfait-maeci.gc.ca%2Fcanada-europa%2Funited_kingdom%2Fhoncons-cardiff-en.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mzv.cz/wwwo/default.asp?id=50466&ido=15692&idj=2&amb=153&ParentIDO=">"New Czech Honorary Consulate in Cardiff"</a>. Embassy of the Czech Republic in the United Kingdom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903214305/http://www.mzv.cz/wwwo/default.asp?id=50466&ido=15692&idj=2&amb=153&ParentIDO=">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Czech+Honorary+Consulate+in+Cardiff&rft.pub=Embassy+of+the+Czech+Republic+in+the+United+Kingdom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mzv.cz%2Fwwwo%2Fdefault.asp%3Fid%3D50466%26ido%3D15692%26idj%3D2%26amb%3D153%26ParentIDO%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assemblywales.org/N0000000000000000000000000046311.pdf">"Wales in the World"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. European and External Affairs Committee, Welsh Assembly. 12 June 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528025511/http://www.assemblywales.org/N0000000000000000000000000046311.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wales+in+the+World&rft.pub=European+and+External+Affairs+Committee%2C+Welsh+Assembly&rft.date=2006-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assemblywales.org%2FN0000000000000000000000000046311.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ENG/Your-Council/Lord-Mayor/honorary-freedom/Documents/freedom%20roll%20list%20June%202014.pdf">"HONORARY FREEMAN OF THE CITY AND COUNTY OF CARDIFF"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Cardiff City Council</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221010/https://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ENG/Your-Council/Lord-Mayor/honorary-freedom/Documents/freedom%20roll%20list%20June%202014.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cardiff+City+Council&rft.atitle=HONORARY+FREEMAN+OF+THE+CITY+AND+COUNTY+OF+CARDIFF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cardiff.gov.uk%2FENG%2FYour-Council%2FLord-Mayor%2Fhonorary-freedom%2FDocuments%2Ffreedom%2520roll%2520list%2520June%25202014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACardiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiff&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cardiff" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Cardiff">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cardiff_/_Caerdydd" class="extiw" title="c:Cardiff / Caerdydd">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Cardiff,_Wales" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Cardiff, Wales">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cardiff" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Cardiff">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cardiff" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Cardiff">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cardiff" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Cardiff">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cardiff" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Cardiff">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Cardiff" class="extiw" title="voy:Cardiff">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitcardiff.com/">Visit Cardiff</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070611182621/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/catalogue.asp?gid=92">Cardiff Records</a>: the full text of the edition of historical records for Cardiff, edited by J. H. Matthews (1898–1905). Part of British History Online.</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cardiff" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Cardiff" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cardiff</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Cardiff" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cardiff" title="Template:Cardiff"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cardiff" title="Template talk:Cardiff"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cardiff" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cardiff"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Cardiff" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">City of Cardiff</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">About Cardiff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Cardiff" title="Architecture of Cardiff">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_arcades_in_Cardiff" title="List of shopping arcades in Cardiff">Arcades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Cardiff" title="Listed buildings in Cardiff">Listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Cardiff" title="List of tallest buildings in Cardiff">Tallest buildings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_city_centre" title="Cardiff city centre">City centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_and_recreation_in_Cardiff" title="Culture and recreation in Cardiff">Culture and recreation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cardiff" title="Economy of Cardiff">Economy and industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cardiff" title="History of Cardiff">History</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cardiff_history" title="Timeline of Cardiff history">Timeline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leisure_centres_in_Cardiff" title="Leisure centres in Cardiff">Leisure centres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libraries_in_Cardiff" title="Libraries in Cardiff">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Cardiff" title="Media in Cardiff">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Cardiff" title="List of people from Cardiff">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Cardiff" title="List of places in Cardiff">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_in_Cardiff" title="Politics in Cardiff">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Cardiff" title="List of public art in Cardiff">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Cardiff" title="List of schools in Cardiff">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Cardiff" title="Sport in Cardiff">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Cardiff" title="Transport in Cardiff">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bus_transport_in_Cardiff" title="Bus transport in Cardiff">Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Cardiff" title="Rail transport in Cardiff">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Cardiff" title="Cycling in Cardiff">Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Waterbus" title="Cardiff Waterbus">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Airport" title="Cardiff Airport">Air</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Cardiff.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Cardiff.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Cardiff.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Cardiff.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Cardiff.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Cardiff.svg/160px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Cardiff.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cardiff templates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_in_Cardiff" title="Template:Culture in Cardiff">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_and_industry_of_Cardiff" title="Template:Economy and industry of Cardiff">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Education_in_Cardiff" title="Template:Education in Cardiff">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Landmarks_and_visitor_attractions_in_Cardiff" title="Template:Landmarks and visitor attractions in Cardiff">Landmarks and visitor attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Media_in_Cardiff" title="Template:Media in Cardiff">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_and_Government_in_Cardiff" title="Template:Politics and Government in Cardiff">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sport_in_Cardiff" title="Template:Sport in Cardiff">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Transport_in_Cardiff" title="Template:Transport in Cardiff">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighbourhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamsdown" title="Adamsdown">Adamsdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birchgrove,_Cardiff" title="Birchgrove, Cardiff">Birchgrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butetown" title="Butetown">Butetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerau,_Cardiff" title="Caerau, Cardiff">Caerau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Cardiff" title="Canton, Cardiff">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Bay" title="Cardiff Bay">Cardiff Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Gate" title="Cardiff Gate">Cardiff Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathays" title="Cathays">Cathays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coryton,_Cardiff" title="Coryton, Cardiff">Coryton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creigiau" title="Creigiau">Creigiau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyncoed" title="Cyncoed">Cyncoed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danescourt" title="Danescourt">Danescourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cardiff" title="Ely, Cardiff">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairwater,_Cardiff" title="Fairwater, Cardiff">Fairwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabalfa" title="Gabalfa">Gabalfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grangetown,_Cardiff" title="Grangetown, Cardiff">Grangetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heath,_Cardiff" title="Heath, Cardiff">Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisvane" title="Lisvane">Lisvane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandaff" title="Llandaff">Llandaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandaff_North" title="Llandaff North">Llandaff North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanishen" title="Llanishen">Llanishen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanrumney" title="Llanrumney">Llanrumney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentrebane" title="Pentrebane">Pentrebane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentwyn,_Cardiff" title="Pentwyn, Cardiff">Pentwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentyrch" title="Pentyrch">Pentyrch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penylan" title="Penylan">Penylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasdwr" title="Plasdwr">Plasdwr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontcanna" title="Pontcanna">Pontcanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontprennau" title="Pontprennau">Pontprennau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radyr" title="Radyr">Radyr and Morganstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhiwbina" title="Rhiwbina">Rhiwbina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_Cardiff" title="Riverside, Cardiff">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roath" title="Roath">Roath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumney,_Cardiff" title="Rumney, Cardiff">Rumney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splott" title="Splott">Splott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Fagans" title="St Fagans">St Fagans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mellons" title="St Mellons">St Mellons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornhill,_Cardiff" title="Thornhill, Cardiff">Thornhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongwynlais" title="Tongwynlais">Tongwynlais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremorfa" title="Tremorfa">Tremorfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trowbridge,_Cardiff" title="Trowbridge, Cardiff">Trowbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitchurch,_Cardiff" title="Whitchurch, Cardiff">Whitchurch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/16px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/24px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/32px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/16px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/24px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/32px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wales" title="Portal:Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cardiff_electoral_wards" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#AFD697;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cardiff_electoral_wards" title="Template:Cardiff electoral wards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cardiff_electoral_wards" title="Template talk:Cardiff electoral wards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cardiff_electoral_wards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cardiff electoral wards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cardiff_electoral_wards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cardiff</a> <a href="/wiki/Ward_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward (country subdivision)">electoral wards</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Electoral wards of <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Council" title="Cardiff Council">Cardiff Council</a>:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamsdown" title="Adamsdown">Adamsdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butetown_(electoral_ward)" title="Butetown (electoral ward)">Butetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerau_(Cardiff_electoral_ward)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caerau (Cardiff electoral ward)">Caerau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_(Cardiff_electoral_ward)" title="Canton (Cardiff electoral ward)">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathays_(electoral_ward)" title="Cathays (electoral ward)">Cathays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyncoed" title="Cyncoed">Cyncoed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cardiff" title="Ely, Cardiff">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairwater,_Cardiff" title="Fairwater, Cardiff">Fairwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabalfa" title="Gabalfa">Gabalfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grangetown_(Cardiff_electoral_ward)" title="Grangetown (Cardiff electoral ward)">Grangetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heath,_Cardiff" title="Heath, Cardiff">Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanishen_(electoral_ward)" title="Llanishen (electoral ward)">Llanishen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisvane_and_Thornhill_(electoral_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lisvane and Thornhill (electoral ward) (page does not exist)">Lisvane and Thornhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandaff" title="Llandaff">Llandaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandaff_North" title="Llandaff North">Llandaff North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanrumney" title="Llanrumney">Llanrumney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentwyn_(electoral_ward)" title="Pentwyn (electoral ward)">Pentwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentyrch_and_St_Fagans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentyrch and St Fagans (page does not exist)">Pentyrch and St Fagans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penylan" title="Penylan">Penylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasnewydd" title="Plasnewydd">Plasnewydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontprennau_and_Old_St_Mellons" title="Pontprennau and Old St Mellons">Pontprennau and Old St Mellons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radyr_(electoral_ward)" title="Radyr (electoral ward)">Radyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhiwbina" title="Rhiwbina">Rhiwbina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_(Cardiff_electoral_ward)" title="Riverside (Cardiff electoral ward)">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumney,_Cardiff" title="Rumney, Cardiff">Rumney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splott_(electoral_ward)" title="Splott (electoral ward)">Splott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trowbridge,_Cardiff" title="Trowbridge, Cardiff">Trowbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitchurch_%26_Tongwynlais" title="Whitchurch & Tongwynlais">Whitchurch & Tongwynlais</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Communities_of_Cardiff" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Communities_of_Cardiff" title="Template:Communities of Cardiff"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Communities_of_Cardiff" title="Template talk:Communities of Cardiff"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Communities_of_Cardiff" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Communities of Cardiff"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Communities_of_Cardiff" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Community_(Wales)" title="Community (Wales)">Communities</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cardiff</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamsdown" title="Adamsdown">Adamsdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butetown" title="Butetown">Butetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerau,_Cardiff" title="Caerau, Cardiff">Caerau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Cardiff" title="Canton, Cardiff">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle,_Cardiff" title="Castle, Cardiff">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathays" title="Cathays">Cathays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyncoed" title="Cyncoed">Cyncoed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cardiff" title="Ely, Cardiff">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairwater,_Cardiff" title="Fairwater, Cardiff">Fairwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabalfa" title="Gabalfa">Gabalfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grangetown,_Cardiff" title="Grangetown, Cardiff">Grangetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heath,_Cardiff" title="Heath, Cardiff">Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisvane" title="Lisvane">Lisvane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandaff" title="Llandaff">Llandaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandaff_North" title="Llandaff North">Llandaff North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanedeyrn" title="Llanedeyrn">Llanedeyrn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanishen" title="Llanishen">Llanishen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanrumney" title="Llanrumney">Llanrumney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_St_Mellons" title="Old St Mellons">Old St Mellons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentwyn,_Cardiff" title="Pentwyn, Cardiff">Pentwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentyrch" title="Pentyrch">Pentyrch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penylan" title="Penylan">Penylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontcanna" title="Pontcanna">Pontcanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontprennau" title="Pontprennau">Pontprennau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radyr_and_Morganstown" title="Radyr and Morganstown">Radyr and Morganstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhiwbina" title="Rhiwbina">Rhiwbina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_Cardiff" title="Riverside, Cardiff">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roath" title="Roath">Roath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumney,_Cardiff" title="Rumney, Cardiff">Rumney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Fagans" title="St Fagans">St Fagans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splott" title="Splott">Splott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornhill,_Cardiff" title="Thornhill, Cardiff">Thornhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongwynlais" title="Tongwynlais">Tongwynlais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremorfa" title="Tremorfa">Tremorfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trowbridge,_Cardiff" title="Trowbridge, Cardiff">Trowbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitchurch,_Cardiff" title="Whitchurch, Cardiff">Whitchurch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Local_government_districts_of_Wales_1974–1996" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wales_Districts" title="Template:Wales Districts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wales_Districts" title="Template talk:Wales Districts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wales_Districts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wales Districts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Local_government_districts_of_Wales_1974–1996" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Local government <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Wales" title="Districts of Wales">districts of Wales</a> 1974–1996</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clwyd" title="Clwyd">Clwyd</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Alyn_and_Deeside" title="District of Alyn and Deeside">Alyn and Deeside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colwyn" title="Colwyn">Colwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Delyn" title="District of Delyn">Delyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glynd%C5%B5r" title="Glyndŵr">Glyndŵr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Rhuddlan" title="District of Rhuddlan">Rhuddlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrexham_Maelor" title="Wrexham Maelor">Wrexham Maelor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dyfed" title="Dyfed">Dyfed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Carmarthen" title="District of Carmarthen">Carmarthen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceredigion" title="Ceredigion">Ceredigion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Dinefwr" title="District of Dinefwr">Dinefwr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Llanelli" title="District of Llanelli">Llanelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preseli_Pembrokeshire" title="Preseli Pembrokeshire">Preseli Pembrokeshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Pembrokeshire" title="South Pembrokeshire">South Pembrokeshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gwent_(county)" title="Gwent (county)">Gwent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaenau_Gwent" title="Blaenau Gwent">Blaenau Gwent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islwyn" title="Islwyn">Islwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Monmouth" title="District of Monmouth">Monmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Newport" title="District of Newport">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torfaen" title="Torfaen">Torfaen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gwynedd" title="Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Aberconwy" title="District of Aberconwy">Aberconwy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Arfon" title="District of Arfon">Arfon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwyfor" title="Dwyfor">Dwyfor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meirionnydd" title="Meirionnydd">Meirionnydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Ynys Môn - Isle of Anglesey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mid_Glamorgan" title="Mid Glamorgan">Mid Glamorgan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cynon_Valley" title="Cynon Valley">Cynon Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merthyr_Tydfil_County_Borough" title="Merthyr Tydfil County Borough">Merthyr Tydfil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogwr" title="Ogwr">Ogwr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Rhondda" title="District of Rhondda">Rhondda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Rhymney_Valley" title="District of Rhymney Valley">Rhymney Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taff-Ely" title="Taff-Ely">Taff-Ely</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Powys" title="Powys">Powys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Brecknock" title="Borough of Brecknock">Brecknock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Montgomeryshire" title="District of Montgomeryshire">Montgomeryshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radnorshire" title="Radnorshire">Radnorshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Glamorgan" title="South Glamorgan">South Glamorgan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Cardiff" title="District of Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale_of_Glamorgan" title="Vale of Glamorgan">Vale of Glamorgan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Glamorgan" title="West Glamorgan">West Glamorgan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lliw_Valley" title="Lliw Valley">Lliw Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Neath" title="District of Neath">Neath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Port_Talbot" title="District of Port Talbot">Port Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Swansea" title="District of Swansea">Swansea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/16px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/24px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/32px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/16px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/24px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/32px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wales" title="Portal:Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Principal_areas_of_Wales" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Principal_areas_of_Wales" title="Template:Principal areas of Wales"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Principal_areas_of_Wales" title="Template talk:Principal areas of Wales"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Principal_areas_of_Wales" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Principal areas of Wales"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Principal_areas_of_Wales" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Principal_areas_of_Wales" title="Principal areas of Wales">Principal areas of Wales</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaenau_Gwent" title="Blaenau Gwent">Blaenau Gwent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgend_County_Borough" title="Bridgend County Borough">Bridgend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerphilly_County_Borough" title="Caerphilly County Borough">Caerphilly</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmarthenshire" title="Carmarthenshire">Carmarthenshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceredigion" title="Ceredigion">Ceredigion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conwy_County_Borough" title="Conwy County Borough">Conwy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denbighshire" title="Denbighshire">Denbighshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flintshire" title="Flintshire">Flintshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwynedd" title="Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Isle of Anglesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merthyr_Tydfil_County_Borough" title="Merthyr Tydfil County Borough">Merthyr Tydfil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monmouthshire" title="Monmouthshire">Monmouthshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neath_Port_Talbot" title="Neath Port Talbot">Neath Port Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembrokeshire" title="Pembrokeshire">Pembrokeshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powys" title="Powys">Powys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhondda_Cynon_Taf" title="Rhondda Cynon Taf">Rhondda Cynon Taf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torfaen" title="Torfaen">Torfaen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale_of_Glamorgan" title="Vale of Glamorgan">Vale of Glamorgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrexham_County_Borough" title="Wrexham County Borough">Wrexham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_principal_areas" title="List of Welsh principal areas">Date / population / area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_areas_by_percentage_of_Welsh-speakers" title="List of Welsh areas by percentage of Welsh-speakers">Welsh speakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_principal_areas_by_highest_point" title="List of Welsh principal areas by highest point">Highest point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Local_authorities_of_Wales" title="Template:Local authorities of Wales"><i>Councils</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_local_councils_in_Wales" title="Armorial of local councils in Wales">Council armorials</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Core_Cities_Group" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Core_Cities_Group" title="Template:Core Cities Group"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Core_Cities_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Core Cities Group (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Core_Cities_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Core Cities Group"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Core_Cities_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Core_Cities_Group" title="Core Cities Group">Core Cities Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cardiff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Cities_of_the_United_Kingdom_and_overseas_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UK_cities" title="Template:UK cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_cities" title="Template talk:UK cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UK_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UK cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Cities_of_the_United_Kingdom_and_overseas_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">Cities of the</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and overseas territories</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford" title="City of Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Chelmsford" title="City of Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichester" title="Chichester">Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchester" title="Colchester">Colchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Doncaster" title="City of Doncaster">Doncaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_England" title="Durham, England">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ely, Cambridgeshire">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereford" title="Hereford">Hereford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Lancaster" title="City of Lancaster">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield">Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_England" title="Lincoln, England">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Preston,_Lancashire" title="City of Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon" title="Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Albans_City_and_District" class="mw-redirect" title="St Albans City and District">St Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sheffield" title="City of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea" title="Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sunderland" title="City of Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truro" title="Truro">Truro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Wakefield" title="City of Wakefield">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells,_Somerset" title="Wells, Somerset">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Winchester" title="City of Winchester">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York" title="City of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunfermline" title="Dunfermline">Dunfermline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth,_Scotland" title="Perth, Scotland">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling" title="Stirling">Stirling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_Gwynedd" title="Bangor, Gwynedd">Bangor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Asaph" title="St Asaph">St Asaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Davids" title="St Davids">St Davids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrexham" title="Wrexham">Wrexham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armagh" title="Armagh">Armagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_County_Down" title="Bangor, County Down">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derry" title="Derry">Derry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisburn" title="Lisburn">Lisburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newry" title="Newry">Newry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory#United_Kingdom" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/British_overseas_cities" title="British overseas cities">British overseas cities</a> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Bermuda" title="Hamilton, Bermuda">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Saint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Saint Helena">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley,_Falkland_Islands" title="Stanley, Falkland Islands">Stanley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Capital_cities_of_British_administrative_divisions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_British_Territories_capitals" title="Template:List of British Territories capitals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_British_Territories_capitals" title="Template talk:List of British Territories capitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_British_Territories_capitals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of British Territories capitals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Capital_cities_of_British_administrative_divisions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital cities of</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British administrative divisions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Capital of the United Kingdom</b>: <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></i></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cardiff</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Valley,_Anguilla" title="The Valley, Anguilla">The Valley</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Bermuda" title="Hamilton, Bermuda">Hamilton</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rothera_Research_Station" title="Rothera Research Station">Rothera</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Diego_Garcia" title="Diego Garcia">Diego Garcia</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Road_Town" title="Road Town">Road Town</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Cayman_Islands" title="George Town, Cayman Islands">George Town</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Stanley,_Falkland_Islands" title="Stanley, Falkland Islands">Stanley</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brades" title="Brades">Brades</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Adamstown,_Pitcairn_Islands" title="Adamstown, Pitcairn Islands">Adamstown</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Saint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Saint Helena">Jamestown</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Point" title="King Edward Point">King Edward Point</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cockburn_Town" title="Cockburn Town">Cockburn Town</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></b>, Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a></b>, Andorra</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, Turkey<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b>, Greece</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></b>, Serbia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b>, Germany</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></b>, Switzerland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></b>, Slovakia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></b>, Belgium<sup>3</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></b>, Romania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></b>, Hungary</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></b>, Moldova</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b>, Denmark</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b>, Ireland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b>, Finland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></b>, Ukraine</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b>, Portugal</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></b>, Slovenia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, United Kingdom</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></b>, Luxembourg</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, Spain</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></b>, Belarus</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></b><sup>5</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, Russia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></b>, Norway</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></b>, France</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></b>, Montenegro</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b>, Czech Republic</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b>, Iceland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></b>, Latvia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></b>, Italy</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a></b>, San Marino</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></b>, North Macedonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b>, Bulgaria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b>, Sweden</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></b>, Estonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, Georgia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></b>, Albania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></b>, Malta</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b>, Austria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b>, Lithuania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b>, Poland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, Armenia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with<br />limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a></b>, Kosovo</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a></b>, Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></b>, Transnistria</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, South Ossetia</i><sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b></i>, England</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b></i>, Scotland</li> <li><i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cardiff</a></b></i>, Wales</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></i>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b></i>, Isle of Man</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b></i>, Gibraltar</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b></i>, Jersey</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a></b>, Svalbard (Norway)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></b>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></b></i>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>, Burgenland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></b></i>, Styria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></b></i>, Tyrol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>, Carinthia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b></i>, Upper Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></b></i>, Salzburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>, Lower Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b></i>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a></b></i>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a></b></i>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a></b></i>, Brčko District</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b></i>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b></i>, Berlin</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></b></i>, Bremen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></b></i>, Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></b></i>, Thuringia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></i>, Hamburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></b></i>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></b></i>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></b></i>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></b></i>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></b></i>, Bavaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></b></i>, Brandenburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>, Saarland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></b></i>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></b></i>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b></i>, Chuvashia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b></i>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b></i>, Kalmykia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></b></i>, Chechnya</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b></i>, Udmurtia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b></i>, Tatarstan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magas" title="Magas">Magas</a></b></i>, Ingushetia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a></b></i>, Dagestan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b></i>, Adygea</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b></i>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>, Karelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b></i>, Mordovia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>, Komi</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b></i>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b></i>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></b></i>, Perm Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b></i>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></b></i>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b></i>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b></i>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b></i>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b></i>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></b></i>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b></i>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b></i>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b></i>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b></i>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b></i>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b></i>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b></i>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></b></i>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b></i>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b></i>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b></i>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b></i>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></b></i>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b></i>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></b></i>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b></i>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b></i>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b></i>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></b></i>, Aargau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a></b></i>, Uri</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a></b></i>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></b></i>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></b></i>, Ticino</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></b></i>, Grisons</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a></b></i>, Jura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>, Thurgau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></b></i>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></b></i>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></b></i>, Vaud</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a></b></i>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></i>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></b></i>, Obwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></i>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></b></i>, Valais</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></i>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a></b></i>, Nidwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></i>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a></b></i>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></b></i>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a></b></i>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></b></i>, Sardinia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></b></i>, Sicily</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></b></i>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></b></i>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></b></i>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a></b></i>, Azores</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></b></i>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b></i>, Catalonia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></b></i> & <i><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>, Canary Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></b></i>, La Rioja</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b></i>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a></b></i>, Extremadura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></b></i>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></b></i>, Asturias</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></i>, Navarre</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b></i>, Cantabria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>, Galicia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></b></i>, Andalusia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></b></i>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></b></i>, Valencian Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></b></i>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></b></i>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></b></i>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a></b></i>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a></b></i>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a></b></i>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a></b></i>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></b></i>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commonwealth_Games_host_cities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_Games_Host_Cities" title="Template:Commonwealth Games Host Cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commonwealth_Games_Host_Cities" title="Template talk:Commonwealth Games Host Cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth_Games_Host_Cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth Games Host Cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commonwealth_Games_host_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a> host cities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1930_British_Empire_Games" title="1930 British Empire Games">1930</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1934_British_Empire_Games" title="1934 British Empire Games">1934</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1938_British_Empire_Games" title="1938 British Empire Games">1938</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1950_British_Empire_Games" title="1950 British Empire Games">1950</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1954_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games" title="1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games">1954</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1958_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games" title="1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games">1958</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales"><img alt="Wales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_Wales_%281953%E2%80%931959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales_%281953%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_Wales_%281953%E2%80%931959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales_%281953%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_Wales_%281953%E2%80%931959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales_%281953%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="496" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cardiff</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1962_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games" title="1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games">1962</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1966_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games" title="1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games">1966</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica"><img alt="Jamaica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica" title="Kingston, Jamaica">Kingston</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1970_British_Commonwealth_Games" title="1970 British Commonwealth Games">1970</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland"><img alt="Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1974_British_Commonwealth_Games" title="1974 British Commonwealth Games">1974</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1978_Commonwealth_Games" title="1978 Commonwealth Games">1978</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1982_Commonwealth_Games" title="1982 Commonwealth Games">1982</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1986_Commonwealth_Games" title="1986 Commonwealth Games">1986</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland"><img alt="Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1990_Commonwealth_Games" title="1990 Commonwealth Games">1990</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1994_Commonwealth_Games" title="1994 Commonwealth Games">1994</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia" title="Victoria, British Columbia">Victoria</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1998_Commonwealth_Games" title="1998 Commonwealth Games">1998</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games" title="2002 Commonwealth Games">2002</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games" title="2006 Commonwealth Games">2006</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games" title="2010 Commonwealth Games">2010</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games" title="2014 Commonwealth Games">2014</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland"><img alt="Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games" title="2018 Commonwealth Games">2018</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland" title="Gold Coast, Queensland">Gold Coast</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games" title="2022 Commonwealth Games">2022</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games" title="2026 Commonwealth Games">2026</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/TBA" class="mw-redirect" title="TBA">TBA</a></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/2030_Commonwealth_Games" title="2030 Commonwealth Games">2030</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/TBA" class="mw-redirect" title="TBA">TBA</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Capitals_of_Sport" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Capital_of_Sport" title="Template:European Capital of Sport"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:European_Capital_of_Sport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:European Capital of Sport (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Capital_of_Sport" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Capital of Sport"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Capitals_of_Sport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">European Capitals of Sport</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></li> <li>2011 <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li>2012 <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></li> <li>2014 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cardiff</a></li> <li>2015 <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></li> <li>2017 <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></li> <li>2018 <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></li> <li>2019 <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></li> <li>2020 <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a></li> <li>2021 <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a></li> <li>2023 <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li>2024 <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10690#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10690#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10690#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4085151-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79063889">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12035077v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12035077v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5409774">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564354205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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