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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Open_access_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Open_access_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Open access policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Open_access_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funds_for_grants_in_developing_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funds_for_grants_in_developing_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Funds for grants in developing countries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funds_for_grants_in_developing_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Financials </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Financials-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Financials subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Financials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trust_investments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trust_investments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Trust investments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trust_investments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_development_division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_development_division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Global development division </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Global_development_division-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Global development division subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Global_development_division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gates_Cambridge_Scholarships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gates_Cambridge_Scholarships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Gates Cambridge Scholarships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gates_Cambridge_Scholarships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_assistance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_assistance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Financial assistance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_assistance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agricultural_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agricultural_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Agricultural development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agricultural_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water,_sanitation_and_hygiene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water,_sanitation_and_hygiene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Water, sanitation and hygiene </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water,_sanitation_and_hygiene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reinvent_the_Toilet_Challenge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reinvent_the_Toilet_Challenge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.1 Reinvent the Toilet Challenge </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reinvent_the_Toilet_Challenge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples_of_transformative_technologies_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples_of_transformative_technologies_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.2 Examples of transformative technologies research </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples_of_transformative_technologies_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_global_initiatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_global_initiatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Other global initiatives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_global_initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_health_division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_health_division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Global health division </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Global_health_division-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Global health division subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Global_health_division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-COVID-19" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COVID-19"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 COVID-19 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COVID-19-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-COVID-19_Therapeutics_Accelerator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COVID-19_Therapeutics_Accelerator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COVID-19_Therapeutics_Accelerator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 United States division </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-United_States_division-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle United States division subsection </button> <ul id="toc-United_States_division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Donation_to_Planned_Parenthood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Donation_to_Planned_Parenthood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Donation to Planned Parenthood </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Donation_to_Planned_Parenthood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Libraries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pacific_Northwest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pacific_Northwest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Pacific Northwest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pacific_Northwest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Criticism </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Criticism subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Education programs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-About_the_global_health_division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#About_the_global_health_division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 About the global health division </div> </a> <ul id="toc-About_the_global_health_division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-AGRA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AGRA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 AGRA </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AGRA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modi_Goalkeepers_Award" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modi_Goalkeepers_Award"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Modi Goalkeepers Award </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modi_Goalkeepers_Award-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poverty_and_education_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poverty_and_education_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Poverty and education policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poverty_and_education_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calls_for_divestment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calls_for_divestment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Calls for divestment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calls_for_divestment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Gates Foundation</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" > 42 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%88%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="مؤسسة بيل ومليندا غيتس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مؤسسة بيل ومليندا غيتس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8" title="বিল ও মেলিন্ডা গেটস ফাউন্ডেশন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিল ও মেলিন্ডা গেটস ফাউন্ডেশন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Билл менән Мелинда Гейтстар фонды – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Билл менән Мелинда Гейтстар фонды" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3_Bill_i_Melinda_Gates" title="Fundació Bill i Melinda Gates – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fundació Bill i Melinda Gates" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gates_Foundation" title="Gates Foundation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gates Foundation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3n_Bill_y_Melinda_Gates" title="Fundación Bill y Melinda Gates – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fundación Bill y Melinda Gates" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonda%C4%B5o_Bill_kaj_Melinda_Gates" title="Fondaĵo Bill kaj Melinda Gates – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fondaĵo Bill kaj Melinda Gates" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_eta_Melinda_Gates_Fundazioa" title="Bill eta Melinda Gates Fundazioa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bill eta Melinda Gates Fundazioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="بنیاد بیل و ملیندا گیتس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بنیاد بیل و ملیندا گیتس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondation_Bill-et-Melinda-Gates" title="Fondation Bill-et-Melinda-Gates – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fondation Bill-et-Melinda-Gates" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B2_%26_%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BE_%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8_%E0%AA%AB%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%89%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%A8" title="બિલ & મેલિન્ડા ગેટ્સ ફાઉન્ડેશન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બિલ & મેલિન્ડા ગેટ્સ ફાઉન્ડેશન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%8C_%26_%EB%A9%80%EB%A6%B0%EB%8B%A4_%EA%B2%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%B8%A0_%EC%9E%AC%EB%8B%A8" title="빌 & 멀린다 게이츠 재단 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빌 & 멀린다 게이츠 재단" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="बिल और मेलिंडा गेट्स संस्थान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बिल और मेलिंडा गेट्स संस्थान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yayasan_Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates" title="Yayasan Bill & Melinda Gates – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yayasan Bill & Melinda Gates" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondazione_Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates" title="Fondazione Bill & Melinda Gates – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fondazione Bill & Melinda Gates" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A1" title="קרן ביל ומלינדה גייטס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרן ביל ומלינדה גייטס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Билл және Мелинда Гейтстер қоры – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Билл және Мелинда Гейтстер қоры" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_and_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilo_ir_Melindos_Geits%C5%B3_fondas" title="Bilo ir Melindos Geitsų fondas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bilo ir Melindos Geitsų fondas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="ബിൽ ആൻഡ് മെലിൻഡ ഗേറ്റ്സ് ഫൗണ്ടേഷൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബിൽ ആൻഡ് മെലിൻഡ ഗേറ്റ്സ് ഫൗണ്ടേഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yayasan_Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates" title="Yayasan Bill & Melinda Gates – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Yayasan Bill & Melinda Gates" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB%26%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E8%B2%A1%E5%9B%A3" title="ビル&メリンダ・ゲイツ財団 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビル&メリンダ・ゲイツ財団" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_va_Melinda_Gates_jamg%CA%BBarmasi" title="Bill va Melinda Gates jamgʻarmasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bill va Melinda Gates jamgʻarmasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਬਿਲ ਅਤੇ ਮੈਲਿੰਡਾ ਗੇਟਸ ਫ਼ਾਊਂਡੇਸ਼ਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਿਲ ਅਤੇ ਮੈਲਿੰਡਾ ਗੇਟਸ ਫ਼ਾਊਂਡੇਸ਼ਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondassion_Bill_e_Melinda_Gates" title="Fondassion Bill e Melinda Gates – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fondassion Bill e Melinda Gates" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Bill_e_Melinda_Gates" title="Fundação Bill e Melinda Gates – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fundação Bill e Melinda Gates" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funda%C8%9Bia_Bill_%C8%99i_Melinda_Gates" title="Fundația Bill și Melinda Gates – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fundația Bill și Melinda Gates" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81" title="Фонд Билла и Мелинды Гейтс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фонд Билла и Мелинды Гейтс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Билл уонна Мелинда Гейтстар фондалара – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Билл уонна Мелинда Гейтстар фондалара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_ja_Melinda_Gatesin_s%C3%A4%C3%A4ti%C3%B6" title="Bill ja Melinda Gatesin säätiö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bill ja Melinda Gatesin säätiö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%26_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88" title="பில் & மெலின்டா கேட்சு அறக்கட்டளை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பில் & மெலின்டா கேட்சு அறக்கட்டளை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="มูลนิธิบิลและเมลินดาเกตส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มูลนิธิบิลและเมลินดาเกตส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Vakf%C4%B1" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Vakfı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bill & Melinda Gates Vakfı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%96_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81" title="Фонд Білла і Мелінди Гейтс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фонд Білла і Мелінди Гейтс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gates_Foundation&params=47_37_25_N_122_20_44_W_type:landmark_region:US-WA">47°37′25″N 122°20′44″W / 47.62361°N 122.34556°W / 47.62361; -122.34556</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American private foundation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Gates Foundation</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Gates_Foundation_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Gates_Foundation_Logo.svg/220px-Gates_Foundation_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Gates_Foundation_Logo.svg/330px-Gates_Foundation_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Gates_Foundation_Logo.svg/440px-Gates_Foundation_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="64" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation_NE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation_NE.jpg/250px-Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation_NE.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation_NE.jpg/375px-Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation_NE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation_NE.jpg/500px-Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation_NE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">The Gates Foundation headquarters in 2022</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">2000; 25 years ago (2000)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Melinda_French_Gates" title="Melinda French Gates">Melinda French Gates</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Foundation_(United_States_law)#Private_foundation" title="Foundation (United States law)">Non-operating private foundation</a><a href="#cite_note-foundcen-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)_organization" title="501(c)(3) organization">501(c)(3) organization</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare">Healthcare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a>, fighting <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, Washington, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gates_Foundation&params=47_37_25_N_122_20_44_W_type:landmark_region:US-WA">47°37′25″N 122°20′44″W / 47.62361°N 122.34556°W / 47.62361; -122.34556</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Method</th><td class="infobox-data">Donations, <a href="/wiki/Grant_(money)" title="Grant (money)">grants</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Bill Gates (Chair)</li><li>Mark Suzman (CEO)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$75.2 billion (2023)<a href="#cite_note-FactSheet-4">[4]</a><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit">[update]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">2,026 (2023)<a href="#cite_note-FactSheet-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gatesfoundation.org/">www.gatesfoundation.org</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Formerly called</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (2000–2024)</li><li>William H. Gates Foundation</li><li>Gates Learning Foundation</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.bill-gates-series .sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .bill-gates-series .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks bill-gates-series vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td style="background:lavender; vertical-align:middle; padding:5px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bill Gates in 2023" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1810" data-file-height="2415" /></a></td> <td style="background:lavender; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px; width:100%;">This article is part of a series about <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Personal</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates#Recognition" title="Bill Gates">Awards and honors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates#Philanthropy" title="Bill Gates">Philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates#Political_positions" title="Bill Gates">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates#Public_image" title="Bill Gates">Public image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates%27s_house" title="Bill Gates's house">Residence</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Companies</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traf-O-Data" title="Traf-O-Data">Traf-O-Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Microsoft" title="History of Microsoft">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Microsoft" title="Timeline of Microsoft">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft" title="Criticism of Microsoft">criticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BENlabs" title="BENlabs">BENlabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Investment" title="Cascade Investment">Cascade Investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TerraPower" title="TerraPower">TerraPower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_Ventures" title="Gates Ventures">Gates Ventures</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Charitable organizations</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match_for_Africa" title="Match for Africa">Match for Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Giving_Pledge" title="The Giving Pledge">The Giving Pledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OER_Project" title="OER Project">OER Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Energy" title="Breakthrough Energy">Breakthrough Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Innovation" title="Mission Innovation">Mission Innovation</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Writings</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/An_Open_Letter_to_Hobbyists" title="An Open Letter to Hobbyists">An Open Letter to Hobbyists</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Ahead_(Gates_book)" title="The Road Ahead (Gates book)">The Road Ahead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_@_the_Speed_of_Thought" title="Business @ the Speed of Thought">Business @ the Speed of Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_to_Avoid_a_Climate_Disaster" title="How to Avoid a Climate Disaster">How to Avoid a Climate Disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_to_Prevent_the_Next_Pandemic" title="How to Prevent the Next Pandemic">How to Prevent the Next Pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Related</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates%27_flower_fly" title="Bill Gates' flower fly">Bill Gates' flower fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Leicester" title="Codex Leicester">Codex Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_on_the_Grand_Banks" title="Lost on the Grand Banks">Lost on the Grand Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bill_Gates_series" title="Template:Bill Gates series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bill_Gates_series" title="Template talk:Bill Gates series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bill_Gates_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bill Gates series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Gates Foundation<a href="#cite_note-6">[a]</a> is an American <a href="/wiki/Private_foundation" title="Private foundation">private foundation</a> founded by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melinda_French_Gates" title="Melinda French Gates">Melinda French Gates</a>. Based in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, Washington, it was launched in 2000 and is reported to be <a href="/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_charitable_foundations" title="List of wealthiest charitable foundations">the third largest charitable foundation in the world</a>,<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> holding $69 billion in assets as of 2020.<a href="#cite_note-FactSheet-4">[4]</a> The primary stated goals of the foundation are to enhance healthcare and reduce extreme poverty across the world, and to expand educational opportunities and access to information technology in the U.S. Key individuals of the foundation include <a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a>, chief executive officer Mark Suzman,<a href="#cite_note-voxsue-9">[8]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Larson_(businessman)" title="Michael Larson (businessman)">Michael Larson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lwc15-10">[9]</a> The BMGF had an <a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">endowment</a> of approximately $75.2 billion as of December 31, 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FactSheet-4">[4]</a> The scale of the foundation and the way it seeks to apply business techniques to giving makes it one of the leaders in <a href="/wiki/Venture_philanthropy" title="Venture philanthropy">venture philanthropy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> though the foundation itself notes that the philanthropic role has limitations.<a href="#cite_note-GuidingPrinciples-12">[11]</a> In 2007, its founders were ranked as the second most generous philanthropists in the U.S., behind Warren Buffett.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> As of 2018, Bill Gates and Melinda French Gates had donated around $36 billion to the foundation.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> Since its founding, the foundation has endowed and supported a broad range of social, health, and education developments, including the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Gates_Cambridge_Scholarships" class="mw-redirect" title="Gates Cambridge Scholarships">Gates Cambridge Scholarships</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%26M_Gates_Complex.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/B%26M_Gates_Complex.jpg/220px-B%26M_Gates_Complex.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/B%26M_Gates_Complex.jpg/330px-B%26M_Gates_Complex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/B%26M_Gates_Complex.jpg/440px-B%26M_Gates_Complex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="1702" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters complex in Seattle as seen from the <a href="/wiki/Space_Needle" title="Space Needle">Space Needle</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation_logo.svg/220px-Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation_logo.svg/330px-Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation_logo.svg/440px-Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="99" data-file-height="20" /></a><figcaption>Former logo (until 2024)</figcaption></figure> In 1994, the foundation was formed as the William H. Gates Foundation.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> In May 2002, the foundation purchased stocks in pharmaceutical companies <a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merck_%26_Co." title="Merck & Co.">Merck</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> On June 15, 2006, Gates announced his plans to transition out of a day-to-day role with <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, effective July 31, 2008,<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> to allow him to devote more time to working with the foundation. The first CEO of the foundation, until she stepped down in 2008, was <a href="/wiki/Patty_Stonesifer" title="Patty Stonesifer">Patty Stonesifer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-test-19">[18]</a> In 2005, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melinda_French_Gates" title="Melinda French Gates">Melinda French Gates</a>, along with the Irish rock musician <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a>, were named by <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> as <a href="/wiki/Time_Magazine_Person_of_the_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Magazine Person of the Year">Persons of the Year 2005</a> for their outstanding charitable work. In the case of the Gateses, the work referenced was that of BMGF.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> On 12 May 2008 it was announced that <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Raikes" title="Jeff Raikes">Jeff Raikes</a> would replace Stonesifer as the CEO of the BMGF.<a href="#cite_note-ljs-21">[20]</a> The foundation announced in January 2005 that it would build its headquarters campus on 12 acres (4.9 ha) adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Center" title="Seattle Center">Seattle Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Seattle" title="Downtown Seattle">Downtown Seattle</a>. The foundation purchased the property for $50.4 million from the Seattle city government, who would help build a 1,000-stall public parking garage and assist with cleanup of the land, which had been used as a <a href="/wiki/King_County_Metro" title="King County Metro">Metro Transit</a> bus base.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> The two-building headquarters campus opened in June 2011 at a cost of $500 million and was designed by <a href="/wiki/NBBJ" title="NBBJ">NBBJ</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> The design was awarded <a href="/wiki/LEED" title="LEED">LEED Platinum</a> status for its environmentally-friendly features, including a <a href="/wiki/Living_roof" class="mw-redirect" title="Living roof">living roof</a>, a rainwater retention pool, and a rooftop <a href="/wiki/Solar_array" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar array">solar array</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> In 2010, the foundation's founders started the Commission on Education of Health Professionals for the 21st Century, entitled "Transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world."<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> A 2011 survey of grantees found that many believed the foundation did not make its goals and strategies clear and sometimes did not understand those of the grantees; that the foundation's decision-making and grantmaking procedures were too opaque; and that its communications could be more consistent and responsive. The foundation's response was to improve the clarity of its explanations, make "orientation calls" to grantees upon awarding grants, tell grantees who their foundation contact is, give timely feedback when they receive a grantee report, and establish a way for grantees to provide anonymous or attributed feedback to the foundation.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> The foundation also launched a podcast series.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> In October 2013, the BMGF announced that it would join the <a href="/wiki/International_Aid_Transparency_Initiative" title="International Aid Transparency Initiative">International Aid Transparency Initiative</a>.<a href="#cite_note-joiniati-28">[27]</a> In December 2013 <a href="/wiki/Susan_Desmond-Hellmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan Desmond-Hellmann">Susan Desmond-Hellmann</a>, president of product development for <a href="/wiki/Genentech" title="Genentech">Genentech</a> before its acquisition by <a href="/wiki/Roche_Pharmaceuticals" class="mw-redirect" title="Roche Pharmaceuticals">Roche Pharmaceuticals</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NYTbio-29">[28]</a> was announced as BMGF's next CEO. She replaced Jeff Raikes on 1 May 2014.<a href="#cite_note-sdhfierce-30">[29]</a> In February 2014 <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> launched a partnership between the foundation and the <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Foundation" title="Clinton Foundation">Clinton Foundation</a> to gather and study data on the progress of women and girls around the world since the 1995 United Nations <a href="/wiki/Fourth_World_Conference_on_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth World Conference on Women">Fourth World Conference on Women</a> in Beijing.<a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost.com-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-philanthropynewsdigest.org-32">[31]</a> This is called "No Ceilings: The Full Participation Project".<a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost.com-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-philanthropynewsdigest.org-32">[31]</a> In October 2019, the BMGF partnered with the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> to host the tabletop exercise called <a href="/wiki/Event_201" class="mw-redirect" title="Event 201">Event 201</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-event_201-33">[32]</a> In February 2020, BMGF CEO Desmond-Hellmann was replaced "for health and family reasons" by Mark Suzman.<a href="#cite_note-bmwsj-34">[33]</a> As early as 2012, there were reports that the BMGF was acting as a fund aggregator for wealthy donors: the name recognition associated with BMGF caused more money to be placed than an anonymous control. This was particularly useful during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> because the BMGF already knew which organizations were working in the field and able to receive funds.<a href="#cite_note-nber-35">[34]</a> When former <a href="/wiki/President_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="President Trump">President Trump</a> threatened to defund the <a href="/wiki/WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a> in summer 2020 over concerns that it was too "deferential" to the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a>, because the BMGF constituted at that time the second-ranked contributor to the WHO, concerns were raised in the charity and academic sector that the BMGF might conceivably bias the WHO in the pursuit of its ideology. In the most timely accounting period, the BMGF provided 45% of the WHO's NGO funds, or in other words 12% of the total operating expenditure of the WHO.<a href="#cite_note-ccdev-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-dmusnwr-37">[36]</a> It was revealed after the fact that the BMGF had contributed US$1.553 billion to the <a href="/wiki/GAVI" title="GAVI">GAVI</a> over the five years 2016 to 2020. The BMGF was the number two ranked contributor.<a href="#cite_note-curper-38">[37]</a> At the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Global_Vaccine_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Global Vaccine Summit (page does not exist)">Global Vaccine Summit</a> in June 2020, the BMGF pledged $1.6 billion (or just under 20% of the total) for the subsequent five years.<a href="#cite_note-bmgfcnbc-39">[38]</a> In May 2022, the Gates Foundation announced the commitment of $125 million to aid in ending the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic and to aid in preparing for future pandemics. In total since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic the Gates Foundation has committed more than $2 billion to COVID-19 response efforts.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> In 2015, it co-funded a community known as <a href="/wiki/Agriculture,_Nutrition_and_Health_Academy" title="Agriculture, Nutrition and Health Academy">Agriculture, Nutrition and Health Academy</a> in partnership with the United Kingdom Aid from the UK government.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> In July 2021, the foundation agreed on a back-up plan in the event that its co-chairs could not work together due to their recent divorce. The deal gave Bill and Melinda a two-year trial, after which Melinda could resign from the organization as well as receiving personal resources from her ex-husband for her own charity work.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN-resignation-43">[42]</a> On May 13, 2024, Melinda Gates resigned as co-chair of the foundation, to be effective June 7, 2024.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN-resignation-43">[42]</a> The foundation was renamed to the Gates Foundation,<a href="#cite_note-Name_change-45">[44]</a> with Bill Gates as the sole chairman.<a href="#cite_note-CNN-resignation-43">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Warren_Buffett_donations">Warren Buffett donations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Warren Buffett donations">edit</a>]</div> On June 25, 2006, <a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a> pledged to give the foundation approximately 10 million <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Hathaway" title="Berkshire Hathaway">Berkshire Hathaway</a> Class B <a href="/wiki/Share_(finance)" title="Share (finance)">shares</a> (then valued at $3,071 each, before a 50–1 <a href="/wiki/Stock_split" title="Stock split">stock split</a> in 2010) spread over multiple years through annual contributions, with the first year's donation of 500,000 shares being worth approximately $1.5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> Buffett set conditions so that these contributions do not simply increase the foundation's endowment, but effectively work as a matching contribution, doubling the foundation's annual giving. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a> noted, "Buffett's gift came with three conditions for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: Bill or Melinda Gates must be alive and active in its administration; it must continue to qualify as a charity; and each year it must give away an amount equal to the previous year's Berkshire gift, plus an additional amount equal to 5 percent of net <a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">assets</a>. Buffett gave the foundation two years to abide by the third requirement."<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> The Gates Foundation received 5% (500,000) of the shares in July 2006 and was to receive 5% of the remaining earmarked shares in July of each following year (475,000 in 2007, 451,250 in 2008).<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> In July 2018, Buffet announced another donation of his company's Class B stock, this time worth $2 billion, to the Gates Foundation.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> In June 2024, Buffett clarified the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation would not receive any more money after he died. While this does not prevent him from making any further donations while he is still alive, the recipients of his fortune upon his death will be decided unanimously by his three children.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lifespan">Lifespan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lifespan">edit</a>]</div> In October 2006, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation was split into two entities: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust, which manages the endowment assets and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which "... conducts all operations and grantmaking work, and it is the entity from which all grants are made".<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> Also announced was the decision to spend all of the foundation's resources within 50 years after Bill's and Melinda's deaths.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-57">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> This was later lowered to within 20 years of their death.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> This would close the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust and effectively end the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. In the 2006 announcement, it was reiterated that Warren Buffett "... has stipulated that the proceeds from the Berkshire Hathaway shares he still owns at death are to be used for philanthropic purposes within 10 years after his estate has been settled".<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-56">[55]</a> The plan to close the Foundation Trust is in contrast to most large charitable foundations that have no set closure date. This is intended to lower administrative costs over the years of the Foundation Trust's life and ensure that the Foundation Trust does not fall into a situation where the vast majority of its expenditures are on administrative costs, including salaries, with only token amounts contributed to charitable causes.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-57">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Activities">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Program_areas_and_grant_database">Program areas and grant database</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Program areas and grant database">edit</a>]</div> To maintain its status as a <a href="/wiki/List_of_charitable_foundations" title="List of charitable foundations">charitable foundation</a>, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation must donate funds equal to at least five percent of its assets each year.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> As of April 2014, the foundation is organized into four program areas under chief executive officer Susan Desmond-Hellmann, who "sets strategic priorities, monitors results, and facilitates relationships with key partners":<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> <ul><li>Global Development Division</li> <li>Global Health Division</li> <li>United States Division</li> <li>Global Policy & Advocacy Division</li> <li>Global Growth & Opportunity Division<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a></li></ul> The foundation maintains an online database of grants.<a href="#cite_note-:7-65">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open_access_policy">Open access policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Open access policy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_in_1800,_1950,_and_2015.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Life_expectancy_in_1800%2C_1950%2C_and_2015.png/220px-Life_expectancy_in_1800%2C_1950%2C_and_2015.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Life_expectancy_in_1800%2C_1950%2C_and_2015.png/330px-Life_expectancy_in_1800%2C_1950%2C_and_2015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Life_expectancy_in_1800%2C_1950%2C_and_2015.png/440px-Life_expectancy_in_1800%2C_1950%2C_and_2015.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4323" /></a><figcaption>Life expectancy in 1800, 1950, and 2015 – visualization by <a href="/wiki/Our_World_in_Data" title="Our World in Data">Our World in Data</a></figcaption></figure> In November 2014, the Gates Foundation announced that they were adopting an <a href="/wiki/Open_access_mandate" class="mw-redirect" title="Open access mandate">open access (OA) policy</a> for <a href="/wiki/Open_access_(publishing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Open access (publishing)">publications</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open_science_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Open science data">data</a>, "to enable the unrestricted access and reuse of all peer-reviewed published research funded by the foundation, including any underlying data sets".<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> Its terms have been called the most stringent among similar OA policies.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> As of January 1, 2015, their Open Access policy is effective for all new agreements.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> In March 2017, it was confirmed that the open access policy, <a href="/wiki/Gates_Open_Research" title="Gates Open Research">Gates Open Research</a>,<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> would be based on the same initiative launched in 2016 by <a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust" title="Wellcome Trust">Wellcome Trust</a> in their Wellcome Open Research policy<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> launched in partnership with <a href="/wiki/F1000Research" class="mw-redirect" title="F1000Research">F1000 Research</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> The Gates Foundation supported <a href="/wiki/Our_World_in_Data" title="Our World in Data">Our World in Data</a>, one of the world's largest open-access publications.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> Bill Gates called the publication his "favorite website".<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> In 2024, the Gates Foundation announced a "preprint-centric" open access policy, and their intention to stop paying article-processing charges.<a href="#cite_note-Lenharo_2024_b052-75">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funds_for_grants_in_developing_countries">Funds for grants in developing countries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Funds for grants in developing countries">edit</a>]</div> The following table lists the BMGF's committed funding as recorded in their <a href="/wiki/International_Aid_Transparency_Initiative" title="International Aid Transparency Initiative">International Aid Transparency Initiative</a> (IATI) publications. The BMGF announced in October 2013 that it would join the IATI.<a href="#cite_note-joiniati-28">[27]</a> The IATI publications only include a subset of BMGF grants (mainly excluding grants to developed countries), and contain few grants before 2009 (which are entirely excluded from the table). The BMGF states on the IATI Registry site that "reporting starts from 2009 and excludes grants related to our US programs and grants that if published could harm our employees, grantees, partners, or the beneficiaries of our work".<a href="#cite_note-iatiabout-76">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-iati-pub-77">[76]</a> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th colspan="8">Committed funding ($ millions) </th></tr> <tr> <th>DAC 5 Digit Sector<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a></th> <th>2009</th> <th>2010</th> <th>2011</th> <th>2012</th> <th>2013</th> <th>2014</th> <th>2015</th> <th>Sum </th></tr> <tr> <td>Infectious disease control </td> <td style="text-align:right;">256.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">720.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">462.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">528.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1248.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1271.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1097.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5586.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Malaria control </td> <td style="text-align:right;">324.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">101.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">133.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">75.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">302.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">377.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">140.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1456.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>STD control including HIV/AIDS </td> <td style="text-align:right;">175.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">291.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">199.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">184.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">264.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">165.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1308.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tuberculosis control </td> <td style="text-align:right;">69.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">211.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">59.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">273.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">135.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">244.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1094.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reproductive health care </td> <td style="text-align:right;">173.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">66.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">77.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">165.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">84.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">207.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">130.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">905.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Agricultural research </td> <td style="text-align:right;">84.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">27.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">196.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">192.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">207.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">83.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">807.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family planning </td> <td style="text-align:right;">104.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">49.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">165.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">145.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">181.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">688.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Health policy and administrative management </td> <td style="text-align:right;">119.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">145.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">75.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">61.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">113.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">130.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">659.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Agricultural development </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">35.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">325.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">86.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">481.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Agricultural policy and administrative management </td> <td style="text-align:right;">72.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">77.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">77.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">86.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">96.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">460.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Promotion of development awareness </td> <td style="text-align:right;">47.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">45.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">35.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">41.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">124.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">61.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">80.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">436.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Basic health care </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">23.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">73.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">45.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">206.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">416.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Basic <a href="/wiki/Human_nutrition" title="Human nutrition">nutrition</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">40.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">51.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">63.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">55.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">148.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">395.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Basic <a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">sanitation</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">34.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">82.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">74.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">59.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">48.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">64.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">375.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Financial policy and administrative management </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">70.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">32.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">53.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">222.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Other </th> <th style="text-align:right;">487.5 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">273.8 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">2208.9 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">260.2 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">332.1 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">433.3 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">2195.7 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">6191.5 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Total </th> <th style="text-align:right;">2002 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">1662 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">3887 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">2183 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">3126 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">3518 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">5107 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">21485 </th></tr></tbody></table> The following table lists the top receiving organizations to which the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has committed funding, between 2009 and 2015. The table again only includes grants recorded in the Gates Foundation's IATI publications.<a href="#cite_note-iati-pub-77">[76]</a> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Organization</th> <th>Amount ($ millions) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GAVI" title="GAVI">GAVI</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,152.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,535.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Global_Fund_to_Fight_AIDS,_Tuberculosis_and_Malaria" title="The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria">The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">777.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PATH_(global_health_organization)" title="PATH (global health organization)">PATH</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">635.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fund_for_UNICEF" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Fund for UNICEF">United States Fund for UNICEF</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">461.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Rotary_Foundation_of_Rotary_International" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rotary Foundation of Rotary International">The Rotary Foundation of Rotary International</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">400.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">International Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">340.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Global_Alliance_for_TB_Drug_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Alliance for TB Drug Development">Global Alliance for TB Drug Development</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">338.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Medicines_for_Malaria_Venture" title="Medicines for Malaria Venture">Medicines for Malaria Venture</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">334.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PATH_Vaccine_Solutions" class="mw-redirect" title="PATH Vaccine Solutions">PATH Vaccine Solutions</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">333.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UNICEF_Headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="UNICEF Headquarters">UNICEF Headquarters</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">277.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">265.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aeras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aeras (page does not exist)">Aeras</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">227.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Health_Access_Initiative_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton Health Access Initiative Inc">Clinton Health Access Initiative Inc</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">199.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">International Development Association</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">174.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CARE" class="mw-redirect" title="CARE">CARE</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">166.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization_Nigeria_Country_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="World Health Organization Nigeria Country Office">World Health Organization Nigeria Country Office</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">166.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Development_Agency" title="French Development Agency">Agence française de développement</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">165.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Centro_Internacional_de_Mejoramiento_de_Ma%C3%ADz_y_Trigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo">Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">153.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">146.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_a_Green_Revolution_in_Africa" title="Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa">Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">146.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Foundation" title="United Nations Foundation">United Nations Foundation</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">143.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Washington Foundation">University of Washington Foundation</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">138.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_the_National_Institutes_of_Health" title="Foundation for the National Institutes of Health">Foundation for the National Institutes of Health</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">136.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory University</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">123.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_California_San_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California San Francisco">University of California San Francisco</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">123.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Population_Services_International" title="Population Services International">Population Services International</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">122.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">117.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Food_Policy_Research_Institute" title="International Food Policy Research Institute">International Food Policy Research Institute</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">110.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Tropical_Agriculture" title="International Institute of Tropical Agriculture">International Institute of Tropical Agriculture</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">104.8 </td></tr></tbody></table> According to the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided US$4.1 billion for development in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Financials">Financials</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Financials">edit</a>]</div> The foundation explains on its website that its trustees divided the organization into two entities: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust. The foundation section, based in Seattle, US, "focuses on improving health and alleviating extreme poverty", and its trustees are currently Bill and Melinda Gates; Warren Buffett announced his resignation as a trustee on June 23, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> The trust section manages "the investment assets and transfer proceeds to the foundation as necessary to achieve the foundation's charitable goals"—it holds the assets of Bill and Melinda Gates, who are the sole trustees, and receives contributions from Buffett. The foundation posts its audited financial statements and <a href="/wiki/Form_990#Fiduciary_reporting" title="Form 990">990-PF</a> forms on the "Financials" section of its website as they become available. At the end of 2023, the foundation registered a cash sum of $194,354,000, and net assets of $71,290,995,000 (of which 99.84% are unrestricted).<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trust_investments">Trust investments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Trust investments">edit</a>]</div> As of 31 December 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit">[update]</a>, according to documents filed with the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a>, the trust owned the following investments (almost 200 million shares) worth a total of over $42 billion:<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Company </th> <th scope="col">Shares </th> <th scope="col">Value </th> <th scope="col">Portfolio </th> <th scope="col">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> </td> <td>28,457,247 </td> <td>$11,994,730,000 </td> <td>28.55% </td> <td rowspan="5">84.83% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Hathaway" title="Berkshire Hathaway">Berkshire Hathaway</a> (Class B) </td> <td>19,655,024 </td> <td>$8,909,229,000 </td> <td>21.20% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Waste_Management_(corporation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste Management (corporation)">Waste Management</a> </td> <td>32,234,344 </td> <td>$6,504,568,000 </td> <td>15.48% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">Canadian National Railway</a> </td> <td>54,826,786 </td> <td>$5,565,467,000 </td> <td>13.25% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc." title="Caterpillar Inc.">Caterpillar Inc.</a> </td> <td>7,353,614 </td> <td>$2,667,597,000 </td> <td>6.35% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/John_Deere" title="John Deere">John Deere</a> </td> <td>3,557,378 </td> <td>$1,507,261,000 </td> <td>3.59% </td> <td rowspan="5">11.30% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ecolab" title="Ecolab">Ecolab</a> </td> <td>5,218,044 </td> <td>$1,222,692,000 </td> <td>2.91% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a> </td> <td>9,090,477 </td> <td>$821,325,000 </td> <td>1.95% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/FedEx" title="FedEx">FedEx</a> </td> <td>2,534,362 </td> <td>$712,992,000 </td> <td>1.70% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola_FEMSA" title="Coca-Cola FEMSA">Coca-Cola FEMSA</a> </td> <td>6,214,719 </td> <td>$484,064,000 </td> <td>1.15% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Waste_Connections" title="Waste Connections">Waste Connections</a> </td> <td>2,149,175 </td> <td>$368,755,000 </td> <td>0.88% </td> <td rowspan="14">3.87% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Coupang" title="Coupang">Coupang</a> </td> <td>9,248,045 </td> <td>$203,272,000 </td> <td>0.48% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger,_Inc." title="Schrödinger, Inc.">Schrödinger</a> </td> <td>6,981,664 </td> <td>$134,676,000 </td> <td>0.32% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden_Sports" title="Madison Square Garden Sports">Madison Square Garden Sports</a> </td> <td>592,406 </td> <td>$133,694,000 </td> <td>0.32% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Castle" title="Crown Castle">Crown Castle</a> </td> <td>1,420,072 </td> <td>$128,886,000 </td> <td>0.31% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Paccar" title="Paccar">Paccar</a> </td> <td>1,000,000 </td> <td>$104,020,000 </td> <td>0.25% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> </td> <td>334,900 </td> <td>$97,084,000 </td> <td>0.23% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">United Parcel Service</a> </td> <td>755,089 </td> <td>$95,217,000 </td> <td>0.23% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Danaher_Corporation" title="Danaher Corporation">Danaher</a> </td> <td>373,000 </td> <td>$85,622,000 </td> <td>0.20% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/AB_InBev" title="AB InBev">AB InBev</a> </td> <td>1,703,000 </td> <td>$85,269,000 </td> <td>0.20% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kraft_Heinz" title="Kraft Heinz">Kraft Heinz</a> </td> <td>2,622,600 </td> <td>$80,540,000 </td> <td>0.19% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hormel_Foods" title="Hormel Foods">Hormel Foods</a> </td> <td>2,195,290 </td> <td>$68,866,000 </td> <td>0.16% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/On_(company)" title="On (company)">On Holding</a> </td> <td>500,000 </td> <td>$27,385,000 </td> <td>0.07% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Veralto" class="mw-redirect" title="Veralto">Veralto</a> </td> <td>124,333 </td> <td>$12,663,000 </td> <td>0.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; background:#808080">24 companies </td> <td style="background:#808080">199,141,569 </td> <td style="background:#808080">$42,015,874,000 </td> <td style="background:#808080">100% </td> <td style="background:#808080">100% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Global_development_division">Global development division</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Global development division">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gates_Foundation" title="Special:EditPage/Gates Foundation">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2014) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Elias" title="Christopher Elias">Christopher Elias</a> leads the foundation's efforts to combat extreme poverty through grants as president of the Global Development Program.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> In March 2006, the foundation announced a $5 million grant for the <a href="/wiki/International_Justice_Mission" title="International Justice Mission">International Justice Mission</a> (IJM), a human rights organization based in Washington, D.C., US to work in the area of <a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking" title="Sex trafficking">sex trafficking</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-85">[84]</a> The official announcement explained that the grant would allow the IJM to "create a replicable model for combating sex trafficking and slavery" that would involve the opening of an office in a region with high rates of sex trafficking, following research.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> The office was opened for three years for the following purposes: "conducting undercover investigations, training law enforcement, rescuing victims, ensuring appropriate aftercare, and seeking perpetrator accountability".<a href="#cite_note-:9-85">[84]</a> The IJM used the grant money to found "Project Lantern" and established an office in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> In 2010, the results of the project were published, in which the IJM stated that Project Lantern had led to "an increase in law enforcement activity in sex trafficking cases, an increase in commitment to resolving sex trafficking cases among law enforcement officers trained through the project, and an increase in services – like shelter, counseling, and career training – provided to trafficking survivors". At the time that the results were released, the IJM was exploring opportunities to replicate the model in other regions.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gates_Cambridge_Scholarships">Gates Cambridge Scholarships</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gates Cambridge Scholarships">edit</a>]</div> In October 2000, William Gates established the <a href="/wiki/Gates_Cambridge_Scholarships" class="mw-redirect" title="Gates Cambridge Scholarships">Gates Cambridge Scholarships</a> which allow students and scholars from the U.S. and around the world to study at <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a>, one of the top universities in the world. The Gates Cambridge Scholarship has often been compared to the <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Rhodes Scholarship">Rhodes Scholarship</a>, given its similarly international scope and substantial endowment. In 2000, the Gates Foundation endowed the scholarship trust with $210 million to help outstanding graduate students outside of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> study at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> The Gates Foundation has continued to contribute funds to expand the scholarship, making it one of the largest and best-endowed scholarships in the world. The Gates Cambridge Scholarship accepts less than 0.3% of applicants and remains extremely competitive. Each year, approximately 100 new graduate students from around the world receive funding to study at Cambridge. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Selwyn_College_Cambridge_Main_Gate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Selwyn_College_Cambridge_Main_Gate.jpg/220px-Selwyn_College_Cambridge_Main_Gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Selwyn_College_Cambridge_Main_Gate.jpg/330px-Selwyn_College_Cambridge_Main_Gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Selwyn_College_Cambridge_Main_Gate.jpg/440px-Selwyn_College_Cambridge_Main_Gate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_College,_Cambridge" title="Selwyn College, Cambridge">Selwyn College</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_assistance">Financial assistance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Financial assistance">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Financial_Inclusion" title="Alliance for Financial Inclusion">Alliance for Financial Inclusion</a> (AFI): A $35 million grant for the AFI supports a coalition of countries from the developing world to create savings accounts, insurance, and other financial services that are made available to people living on less than $2 per day.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Access_Initiative" title="Financial Access Initiative">Financial Access Initiative</a>: A $5 million grant allows Financial Access Initiative to conduct field research and answer important questions about <a href="/wiki/Microcredit" title="Microcredit">microfinance</a> and financial access in impoverished countries around the world.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro_Mujer" title="Pro Mujer">Pro Mujer</a>: A five-year $3.1 million grant to Pro Mujer—a microfinance network in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> combining financial services with healthcare for the poorest women entrepreneurs—will be used to research new opportunities for the poorest segment of the Latin American microfinance market.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grameen_Foundation" title="Grameen Foundation">Grameen Foundation</a>: A $1.5 million grant allows Grameen Foundation to approve more microloans that support Grameen's goal of helping five million additional families, and successfully freeing 50 percent of those families from poverty within five years.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a></li> <li>Grant worth $1.3 million <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Muganga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence Muganga (page does not exist)">Lawrence Muganga</a> for his book You Can't Make Fish Climb Trees.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a></li> <li>Support for <a href="/wiki/Mojaloop" title="Mojaloop">Mojaloop</a> Foundation with a 2020 grant of $4.7 million, and a 2023 grant of $8.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agricultural_development">Agricultural development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Agricultural development">edit</a>]</div> The BMGF's goal for agricultural development is "to support farmers and governments in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia that are seeking a sustainable, inclusive agricultural transformation—one that creates economic opportunity, respects limits on natural resources, and gives everyone equal access to affordable, nutritious food".<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> The foundation's agricultural investments include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Rice_Research_Institute" title="International Rice Research Institute">International Rice Research Institute</a>: Between November 2007 and October 2010, the Gates Foundation offered $19.9 million to the International Rice Research Institute. The goal of the aid was to support the increasing world demand for rice. The Gates Foundation claims: "To keep up with worldwide demand, the production of rice will have to increase by about 70 percent in the next two decades."<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> The International Rice Research Institute has developed <a href="/wiki/Golden_Rice" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Rice">Golden Rice</a>, a genetically modified rice variant developed to combat <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A_deficiency" title="Vitamin A deficiency">Vitamin A deficiency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_a_Green_Revolution_in_Africa" title="Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa">Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa</a> (AGRA): The Gates Foundation has partnered with the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller Foundation</a> to enhance agricultural science and small-farm productivity in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, building on the <a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution" title="Green Revolution">Green Revolution</a> that the Rockefeller Foundation spurred in the 1940s and 1960s.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Technische_Zusammenarbeit" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit">Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit</a> (GTZ): In 2009, the Gate's Foundation donated $25 million to GTZ to help develop Africa's <a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">cashew</a> industry through improving yield and investing in local processing capabilities. GTZ would partner with the <a href="/wiki/African_Cashew_Alliance" title="African Cashew Alliance">African Cashew Alliance</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=FairMatch_Support&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FairMatch Support (page does not exist)">FairMatch Support</a>, and <a href="/wiki/TechnoServe" title="TechnoServe">Technoserve</a> with the goal to increase the incomes of farmers in <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> by 50% by 2012.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water,_sanitation_and_hygiene">Water, sanitation and hygiene</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Water, sanitation and hygiene">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanitation_Value_Chain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Sanitation_Value_Chain.jpg/400px-Sanitation_Value_Chain.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Sanitation_Value_Chain.jpg/600px-Sanitation_Value_Chain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Sanitation_Value_Chain.jpg/800px-Sanitation_Value_Chain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>The "<a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">sanitation</a> value chain" used by the Gates Foundation to illustrate their approach to sanitation, showing collection, transport, treatment and <a href="/wiki/Reuse_of_excreta" class="mw-redirect" title="Reuse of excreta">reuse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:8-102">[101]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm/220px--2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="91" data-mwtitle="2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm/2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm/2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm/2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm/2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm/2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm/2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm/2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>The Gates Foundation created this video to advocate for increased innovation for <a href="/wiki/Toilet" title="Toilet">toilets</a> and everything they are connected to</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_vision_of_a_toilet_that_is_small_-_and_pleasant_-_enough_to_fit_inside_someone%27s_home_(prototype_but_not_fully_functional)_(13359389583).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/The_vision_of_a_toilet_that_is_small_-_and_pleasant_-_enough_to_fit_inside_someone%27s_home_%28prototype_but_not_fully_functional%29_%2813359389583%29.jpg/220px-The_vision_of_a_toilet_that_is_small_-_and_pleasant_-_enough_to_fit_inside_someone%27s_home_%28prototype_but_not_fully_functional%29_%2813359389583%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/The_vision_of_a_toilet_that_is_small_-_and_pleasant_-_enough_to_fit_inside_someone%27s_home_%28prototype_but_not_fully_functional%29_%2813359389583%29.jpg/330px-The_vision_of_a_toilet_that_is_small_-_and_pleasant_-_enough_to_fit_inside_someone%27s_home_%28prototype_but_not_fully_functional%29_%2813359389583%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/The_vision_of_a_toilet_that_is_small_-_and_pleasant_-_enough_to_fit_inside_someone%27s_home_%28prototype_but_not_fully_functional%29_%2813359389583%29.jpg/440px-The_vision_of_a_toilet_that_is_small_-_and_pleasant_-_enough_to_fit_inside_someone%27s_home_%28prototype_but_not_fully_functional%29_%2813359389583%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Example for technology innovation: The off-grid Nano Membrane Toilet of <a href="/wiki/Cranfield_University" title="Cranfield University">Cranfield University</a> – prototype on display at Reinvent the Toilet Fair in Delhi, India </figcaption></figure> The Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (<a href="/wiki/WASH" title="WASH">WASH</a>) program of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation was launched in mid-2005 as a "Learning Initiative", and became a full-fledged program under the Global Development Division in early 2010.<a href="#cite_note-:8-102">[101]</a> The foundation has since 2005 undertaken a wide range of efforts in the WASH sector involving research, experimentation, reflection, <a href="/wiki/Advocacy" title="Advocacy">advocacy</a>, and field implementation. In 2009, the foundation decided to refocus its WASH effort mainly on <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_sanitation" title="Sustainable sanitation">sustainable sanitation</a> services for the poor, using non-piped sanitation services (i.e. without the use of <a href="/wiki/Sanitary_sewer" title="Sanitary sewer">sewers</a>),<a href="#cite_note-:8-102">[101]</a> and less on <a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">water supply</a>. This was because the sanitation sector was generally receiving less attention from other <a href="/wiki/Official_development_assistance" title="Official development assistance">donors</a> and from governments, and because the foundation believed it had the potential to make a real difference through strategic investments. In mid-2011, the foundation announced in its new "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview" that its funding now focuses primarily on sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, because access to <a href="/wiki/Improved_sanitation" title="Improved sanitation">improved sanitation</a> is lowest in those regions.<a href="#cite_note-:0-103">[102]</a> Their grant-making focus has been since 2011 on sanitation science and technology ("transformative technologies"), delivery models at scale, urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, <a href="/wiki/Monitoring_and_evaluation" title="Monitoring and evaluation">measurement and evaluation</a> as well as policy, advocacy and communications.<a href="#cite_note-:8-102">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-103">[102]</a> In mid-2011, the foundation stated that they had committed more than $265 million to the water, sanitation, and hygiene sector over the past five years, i.e. since about 2006.<a href="#cite_note-:0-103">[102]</a> For the time period of about 2008 to mid-2015, all grants awarded to water, sanitation, and hygiene projects totaled a value of around $650 million, according to the publicly available grant database.<a href="#cite_note-:7-65">[64]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Earth_auger_toilet_with_squatting_plate_(13358958903).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Earth_auger_toilet_with_squatting_plate_%2813358958903%29.jpg/220px-Earth_auger_toilet_with_squatting_plate_%2813358958903%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Earth_auger_toilet_with_squatting_plate_%2813358958903%29.jpg/330px-Earth_auger_toilet_with_squatting_plate_%2813358958903%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Earth_auger_toilet_with_squatting_plate_%2813358958903%29.jpg/440px-Earth_auger_toilet_with_squatting_plate_%2813358958903%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Example of low-tech toilet development being funded: A <a href="/wiki/Urine-diverting_dry_toilet" title="Urine-diverting dry toilet">urine-diverting dry toilet</a> called Earth Auger toilet from Ecuador/US</figcaption></figure> Improved sanitation in the developing world is a global need, but a neglected priority, as shown by the data collected by the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Monitoring_Programme_for_Water_Supply_and_Sanitation" title="Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation">Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation</a> (JMP) of UNICEF and WHO. This program is tasked to monitor progress towards the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goal" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennium Development Goal">Millennium Development Goal</a> (MDG) relating to drinking water and sanitation.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> About one billion people have no sanitation facility whatsoever and continue to defecate in gutters, behind bushes or in open water bodies, with no dignity or privacy. This is called <a href="/wiki/Open_defecation" title="Open defecation">open defecation</a> and it poses significant health risks.<a href="#cite_note-:2-105">[104]</a> India is the country with the highest number of people practicing open defecation, with around 157 million people or approximately 11% of the total population in 2022, although the situation has improved significantly since then.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> The foundation has been funding many sanitation research and demonstration projects in India since about 2011.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reinvent_the_Toilet_Challenge">Reinvent the Toilet Challenge</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Reinvent the Toilet Challenge">edit</a>]</div> In 2011, the foundation launched a program called "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge" with the aim to promote the development of innovations in toilet design to benefit the 2.5 billion people that do not have access to safe and effective sanitation.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-109">[108]</a> This program has generated significant interest of the mainstream media.<a href="#cite_note-:4-110">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> It was complemented by a program called "Grand Challenges Explorations" (2011 to 2013 with some follow-up grants reaching until 2015) which involved grants of $100,000 each in the first round.<a href="#cite_note-:1-109">[108]</a> Both funding schemes explicitly excluded project ideas that relied on centralized <a href="/wiki/Sanitary_sewer" title="Sanitary sewer">sewerage systems</a> or are not compatible with development country contexts.<a href="#cite_note-:5-112">[111]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Microbial_fuel_cell_stack_that_converts_urine_into_electricity_(13359544514).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Microbial_fuel_cell_stack_that_converts_urine_into_electricity_%2813359544514%29.jpg/220px-Microbial_fuel_cell_stack_that_converts_urine_into_electricity_%2813359544514%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Microbial_fuel_cell_stack_that_converts_urine_into_electricity_%2813359544514%29.jpg/330px-Microbial_fuel_cell_stack_that_converts_urine_into_electricity_%2813359544514%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Microbial_fuel_cell_stack_that_converts_urine_into_electricity_%2813359544514%29.jpg/440px-Microbial_fuel_cell_stack_that_converts_urine_into_electricity_%2813359544514%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Microbial_fuel_cell" title="Microbial fuel cell">Microbial fuel cell</a> stack that converts <a href="/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">urine</a> into electricity (research by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_of_England" title="University of the West of England">University of the West of England</a>, UK)</figcaption></figure> Since the launch of the "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge", more than a dozen research teams, mainly at universities in the U.S., Europe, India, China, and South Africa, have received grants to develop innovative on-site and off-site waste treatment solutions for the urban poor. The grants were in the order of $400,000 for their first phase, followed by typically $1 million – 3 million for their second phase; many of them investigated resource recovery or processing technologies for <a href="/wiki/Excreta" class="mw-redirect" title="Excreta">excreta</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fecal_sludge" class="mw-redirect" title="Fecal sludge">fecal sludge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> The "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge" is focused on "reinventing the <a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet" title="Flush toilet">flush toilet</a>". The aim was to create a toilet that not only removes <a href="/wiki/Pathogen" title="Pathogen">pathogens</a> from human <a href="/wiki/Excreta" class="mw-redirect" title="Excreta">excreta</a>, but also <a href="/wiki/Resource_recovery" title="Resource recovery">recovers resources</a> such as energy, clean water, and <a href="/wiki/Nutrient" title="Nutrient">nutrients</a> (a concept also known as <a href="/wiki/Reuse_of_excreta" class="mw-redirect" title="Reuse of excreta">reuse of excreta</a>). It should operate "<a href="/wiki/Off-the-grid" title="Off-the-grid">off-the-grid</a>" without connections to water, sewer, or electrical networks. Finally, it should cost less than 5 cents per user per day.<a href="#cite_note-:5-112">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shaw-114">[113]</a> High-tech toilets for tackling the growing public health problem of <a href="/wiki/Human_waste" title="Human waste">human waste</a> are gaining increasing attention, but this focus on a "technology fix" has also been criticized by many in the sector.<a href="#cite_note-:4-110">[109]</a> However, low-tech solutions may be more practical in poor countries, and research is also funded by the foundation for such toilets.<a href="#cite_note-Shaw-114">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-Humphreys-115">[114]</a> The Reinvent the Toilet Challenge is a long-term research and development effort to develop a hygienic, stand-alone toilet. This challenge is being complemented by another investment program to develop new technologies for improved <a href="/wiki/Fecal_sludge_management" title="Fecal sludge management">pit latrine emptying</a> (called by the foundation the "Omni-Ingestor"<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Septage" class="mw-redirect" title="Septage">fecal sludge</a> processing (called "<a href="/wiki/Omni-Processor" class="mw-redirect" title="Omni-Processor">Omni-Processor</a>"). The aim of the "Omni Processor" is to convert <a href="/wiki/Excreta" class="mw-redirect" title="Excreta">excreta</a> (for example <a href="/wiki/Fecal_sludge_management" title="Fecal sludge management">fecal sludge</a>) into beneficial products such as energy and soil nutrients with the potential to develop local business and revenue.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Examples_of_transformative_technologies_research">Examples of transformative technologies research</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Examples of transformative technologies research">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>About 200 sanitation projects in many different countries and at various scales – some with a technology focus, some with a focus on market development or policy and advocacy, have received funding from the foundation since 2008.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_KwaZulu-Natal" title="University of KwaZulu-Natal">University of KwaZulu-Natal</a> in Durban, South Africa Gates Foundation was awarded $1.6 million in 2014 to act as a hub for sanitation researchers and product developers.<a href="#cite_note-:6-119">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a></li> <li>One example of an <a href="/wiki/Omni-Processor" class="mw-redirect" title="Omni-Processor">Omni-Processor</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion">combustion</a>-based system designed to turn fecal sludge into energy and <a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">drinking water</a>. The development of this particular prototype by U.S.-based company Janicki Bioenergy attracted media attention for the sanitation crisis and the work of the foundation after Bill Gates drank water produced from this process.<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a></li> <li>Examples for the Reinvent the Toilet Challenge include: Scientists at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder" title="University of Colorado Boulder">University of Colorado Boulder</a> were given funding of $1.8 million to develop a prototype <a href="/wiki/Toilet" title="Toilet">toilet</a> that uses solar heat to treat the <a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">fecal matter</a> and produce <a href="/wiki/Biochar" title="Biochar">biochar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> Funding has been provided to <a href="/wiki/RTI_International" title="RTI International">RTI International</a> since 2012 to develop a toilet based on electrochemical disinfection and solid waste combustion.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_global_initiatives">Other global initiatives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other global initiatives">edit</a>]</div> Some examples include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Indian Ocean earthquake">2004 Indian Ocean earthquake</a>: The foundation made total grant donations of $3 million to various charities to help with the aid effort for victims of the earthquake. These charities include: <a href="/wiki/CARE_(relief_agency)" class="mw-redirect" title="CARE (relief agency)">CARE international</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Rescue_Committee" title="International Rescue Committee">International Rescue Committee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercy_Corps" title="Mercy Corps">Mercy Corps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children" title="Save the Children">Save the Children</a>, and <a href="/wiki/World_Vision" class="mw-redirect" title="World Vision">World Vision</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquake" title="2005 Kashmir earthquake">2005 Kashmir earthquake</a>: The foundation made a donation of $500,000 for the earthquake.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a></li> <li>In 2014, the Gates Foundation released "flexible funds" in the order of $50 million to United Nations agencies and other organizations involved in the work against the deadly disease <a href="/wiki/Ebola" title="Ebola">Ebola</a> in West Africa.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a></li> <li>2021 Emergency Funding. The foundation, with a group of philanthropists, has pledged £93.5m funding to cover UK foreign aid cuts.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a></li></ul> The foundation is a donor to the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> The foundation is working with <a href="/wiki/Mastercard" title="Mastercard">Mastercard</a>, <a href="/wiki/GAVI" title="GAVI">GAVI</a> and TrustStamp to create the Mastercard Well Pass. This program, being tested in 2020 in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, will integrate vaccination records with <a href="/wiki/Cashless_society" title="Cashless society">cashless payment</a> capability.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Global_health_division">Global health division</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Global health division">edit</a>]</div> Since 2011, the president of the Global Health Program is <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Mundel" title="Trevor Mundel">Trevor Mundel</a>:<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Global_Fund_to_Fight_AIDS,_Tuberculosis_and_Malaria" title="The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria">The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria</a>: The foundation has donated more than $6.6 billion for global health programs, including over $1.3 billion donated as of 2012 on <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> alone, greatly increasing the dollars spent per year on malaria research.<a href="#cite_note-garrett_gates-138">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-139">[138]</a> Before the Gates efforts on malaria, malaria drugmakers had largely given up on producing drugs to fight the disease, and the foundation is the world's largest donor to research on diseases of the poor.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-139">[138]</a> With the help of Gates-funded vaccination drives, deaths from <a href="/wiki/Measles" title="Measles">measles</a> in Africa have dropped by 90 percent since 2000.<a href="#cite_note-LA-140">[139]</a></li></ul> The foundation has donated billions of dollars to help sufferers of <a href="/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">AIDS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> and malaria, protecting millions of children from death at the hands of preventable diseases.<a href="#cite_note-LA-140">[139]</a> The Global Health Program's other significant grants include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poliomyelitis_eradication" class="mw-redirect" title="Poliomyelitis eradication">Polio eradication</a>: In 2006, the foundation provided $86 million toward efforts attempting to eradicate <a href="/wiki/Poliomyelitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Poliomyelitis">poliomyelitis</a> (polio).<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/GAVI" title="GAVI">GAVI</a> vaccine alliance: The foundation gave the GAVI Alliance (formerly the "Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization") a donation of $750 million on January 25, 2005.<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a></li> <li>Children's Vaccine Program: The Children's Vaccine Program, run by the <a href="/wiki/Program_for_Appropriate_Technology_in_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Program for Appropriate Technology in Health">Program for Appropriate Technology in Health</a> (PATH), received a donation of $27 million to help vaccinate against <a href="/wiki/Japanese_encephalitis" title="Japanese encephalitis">Japanese encephalitis</a> on December 9, 2003.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a></li> <li>HIV Research: The foundation donated a total of $287 million to various <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a> researchers. The money was split between 16 different research teams across the world, on the condition that the findings are shared amongst the teams.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aeras_Global_TB_Vaccine_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation (page does not exist)">Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation</a>: The foundation gave the Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation more than $280 million to develop and license an improved vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) for use in <a href="/wiki/Disease_burden" title="Disease burden">high-burden countries</a> (HBCs).<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a></li> <li>Cheaper high-tech tuberculosis (TB) test: In August 2012, the foundation, in partnership with <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Emergency_Plan_for_AIDS_Relief" title="President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief">PEPFAR</a> (United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief), <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">USAID</a> (United States Agency for International Development) and <a href="/wiki/UNITAID" class="mw-redirect" title="UNITAID">UNITAID</a> (an international drug purchasing facility hosted by WHO), announced they had finalized an agreement to reduce the cost of a commercial TB test (Cepheid's Xpert MTB/RIF run on the <a href="/wiki/GeneXpert_MTB/RIF" title="GeneXpert MTB/RIF">GeneXpert platform</a>), from $16.86 to $9.98.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> This test can take the place of smear microscopy, a technique first developed in the 1880s by Robert Koch. Smear microscopy often does not show TB infection in persons who are also co-infected with HIV, whereas the GeneXpert system can show TB in the co-infected patient. In addition, the system can show whether the particular TB strain is resistant to the <a href="/wiki/Bactericidal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bactericidal">bactericidal</a> antibiotic <a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">rifampicin</a>, a widely accepted indicator of the presence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visceral_leishmaniasis" title="Visceral leishmaniasis">Visceral leishmaniasis</a> (VL) research: The foundation awarded the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>'s Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases a $5 million grant in 2009 for research into visceral leishmaniasis (VL), an emerging parasitic disease in <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, Africa, where it is frequently associated with HIV/AIDS and is a leading cause of adult illness and death. The project, a collaborative effort with <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa_University" title="Addis Ababa University">Addis Ababa University</a>, will gather data for analysis—to identify the weak links in the transmission cycle—and devise methods for control of the disease.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> In 2005 the foundation provided a $30 million grant to <a href="/wiki/The_Institute_for_OneWorld_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="The Institute for OneWorld Health">The Institute for OneWorld Health</a> to support the nonprofit pharmaceutical company's VL work in the rural communities of India, Bangladesh and Nepal.<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> By September 2006, the company had received approval from the Indian body Drug-Controller General of India (DCGI) for the Paromomycin Intramuscular (IM) Injection, a drug that provides an effective cure for VL following a 21-day course.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> In 2010 Raj Shankar Ghosh, the Regional Director for the South Asia Institute for OneWorld Health, explained that the foundation funded "the majority of our work" in the development of the drug.<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_B_streptococcus" class="mw-redirect" title="Group B streptococcus">Group B streptococcus</a>: The foundation gave $17,252,854 in September 2016 to <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a> to develop a vaccine against Group B streptococcus (GBS) for distribution in developing countries.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> In May 2022, the funding was renewed with an additional $100,000,000.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a></li> <li>Next-Generation Condom: The foundation gave $100,000 to 11 applicants in November 2013 to develop an improved condom; that is, one that "significantly preserves or enhances pleasure, in order to improve uptake and regular use", according to the Gates Foundation's <a href="/wiki/Grand_Challenges_in_Global_Health" title="Grand Challenges in Global Health">Grand Challenges in Global Health</a> website.<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> Further grants of up to $1 million will be given to projects that are successful.<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neglected_tropical_diseases" title="Neglected tropical diseases">Neglected tropical diseases</a> (NTDs): Alongside WHO, the governments of the United States, United Kingdom and United Arab Emirates, and the World Bank, the foundation endorsed the <a href="/wiki/London_Declaration_on_Neglected_Tropical_Diseases" title="London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases">London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases</a>, "to eradicate, eliminate and intensify control of 17 selected diseases by 2015 and 2020", at a meeting on January 30, 2012, held at the Royal College of Physicians in London, UK.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> Gates was the principal organizer responsible for bringing together the heads of 13 of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies and the foundation's monetary commitment to the Declaration was $363 million over five years.<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> On April 3, 2014, the second anniversary of the Declaration, Gates attended a meeting in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> at which participants reviewed the progress that had been made against 10 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). The foundation committed a further $50 million, together with $50 million from the <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Investment_Fund_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's Investment Fund Foundation">Children's Investment Fund Foundation</a> and $120 million from the World Bank.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> The foundation has given in excess of $1 million to The END Fund, a public-private partnership to deliver medication for NTDs to areas in need.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody_therapy" title="Monoclonal antibody therapy">Monoclonal antibody therapies</a>: In October 2018, the foundation awarded $8,279,723 to <a href="/wiki/Inovio_Pharmaceuticals" title="Inovio Pharmaceuticals">Inovio Pharmaceuticals</a> to fund the development of "next-generation" delivery methods for <a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">monoclonal antibodies</a> targeted for use in low- and middle-income countries.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Epidemic_Preparedness_Innovations" title="Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations">Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations</a> (CEPI): A global group tasked with more quickly developing <a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">vaccines</a> against infectious disease threats worldwide was launched on January 8, 2017, by a coalition of governments and nonprofit groups including the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, funded with an initial investment of $460 million from <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust" title="Wellcome Trust">Wellcome Trust</a> and the Gates foundation, aims to develop <a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">vaccines</a> against known infectious disease threats that could be deployed quickly to contain outbreaks before they become global health emergencies, the group said in a statement at the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos, Switzerland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news/item/24-04-2023-global-partners-announce-a-new-effort-the-big-catch-up-to-vaccinate-millions-of-children-and-restore-immunization-progress-lost-during-the-pandemic">The Big Catch-up</a>: In response to the decline in childhood vaccination rates affecting over 100 countries due to the COVID-19 pandemic, global health partners including WHO, UNICEF, Gavi, and the Vaccine Alliance launched "The Big Catch-up" initiative. This collaborative effort aims to reverse vaccination declines, particularly in 20 countries with the highest numbers of missed vaccinations. Over 25 million children missed at least one vaccination in 2021, leading to preventable disease outbreaks. The initiative focuses on strengthening healthcare systems, building trust in vaccines, and addressing barriers to immunization, with an emphasis on reaching vulnerable populations.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="COVID-19">COVID-19</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: COVID-19">edit</a>]</div> Beginning in 2020, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has provided hundreds of millions of dollars of funding towards initiatives surrounding the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 public health crisis</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="COVID-19_Therapeutics_Accelerator">COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator">edit</a>]</div> In 2020, together with the UK research charity <a href="/wiki/Wellcome" title="Wellcome">Wellcome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mastercard_International_Global_Headquarters" title="Mastercard International Global Headquarters">Mastercard</a>, the Gates Foundation established the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> Therapeutics Accelerator to hasten the development and evaluation of new and repurposed drugs and biologics to treat patients for <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>'s appeal for funding, the Gates Foundation pledged an extra US$150 million on top of the US$100 million already committed earlier.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] By April 2020, the foundation had provided backing for six candidates for vaccines against COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> In June, the foundation tapped the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">National University of Singapore</a> to investigate which countries in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> responded effectively to the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> On June 26, the foundation and its partners with the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator announced the launch of the International COVID-19 Data Alliance (ICODA) to be hosted at Health Data Research UK.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> In December 2020, the foundation solicited applications for funding for researchers at <a href="/wiki/McMaster_University" title="McMaster University">McMaster University</a> to develop <a href="/wiki/Epidemiological_models" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidemiological models">epidemiological models</a> for <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Covid-19_treatment" class="mw-redirect" title="Covid-19 treatment">treatments</a> and <a href="/wiki/Non-pharmaceutical_intervention_(epidemiology)" title="Non-pharmaceutical intervention (epidemiology)">non-pharmaceutical interventions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> The foundation re-upped its support of ICODA in May 2021 with a grant of $577,246.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> In August 2021, the foundation awarded a $587,568 grant to Wits Health Consortium to test the effectiveness of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccines</a> distributed in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> by <a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> In November 2021, the foundation gave $2,118,334 to <a href="/wiki/Providence_Therapeutics" class="mw-redirect" title="Providence Therapeutics">Providence Therapeutics</a> to develop more cost-effective <a href="/wiki/MRNA_vaccine" title="MRNA vaccine">mRNA vaccines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States_division">United States division</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: United States division">edit</a>]</div> Under President <a href="/wiki/Allan_Golston" title="Allan Golston">Allan Golston</a>, the United States Program has made grants such as the following: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Donation_to_Planned_Parenthood">Donation to Planned Parenthood</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Donation to Planned Parenthood">edit</a>]</div> Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to <a href="/wiki/Planned_Parenthood" title="Planned Parenthood">Planned Parenthood</a> and affiliated organizations. In 2014, Melinda Gates has stated that the foundation "has decided not to fund abortion", focusing instead on family planning and contraception in order to avoid conflation of abortion and family planning.<a href="#cite_note-melindablog-175">[174]</a> In response to questions about this decision, Gates stated in a June 2014 blog post that "[she], like everyone else, struggle[s] with the issue" and that "the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consensus regarding basic family planning".<a href="#cite_note-melindablog-175">[174]</a> Since this time, their endeavors have shifted to a more global perspective, focusing on voluntary family planning and maternal and newborn health.<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Libraries">edit</a>]</div> In 1997, the charity introduced a U.S. Libraries initiative with a goal of "ensuring that if you can get to a public library, you can reach the internet". The foundation has given grants, installed computers and software, and provided training and technical support in partnership with public libraries nationwide to increase access and knowledge.<a href="#cite_note-Bill_2014-178">[177]</a> Helping provide access and training for these resources, this foundation helps move public libraries into the digital age.<a href="#cite_note-Bill_2014-178">[177]</a> Most recently, the foundation gave a $12.2 million grant to the <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Library_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern Library Network">Southeastern Library Network</a> (SOLINET) to assist libraries in Louisiana and Mississippi on the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf Coast</a>, many of which were damaged or destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricanes Katrina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Rita" title="Hurricane Rita">Rita</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> A key aspect of the Gates Foundation's U.S. efforts involves an overhaul of the country's education policies at both the K-12 and college levels, including support for teacher evaluations and charter schools and opposition to seniority-based layoffs and other aspects of the education system that are typically backed by teachers' unions.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-179">[178]</a> It spent $373 million on education in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-179">[178]</a> It has also donated to the two largest national teachers' unions.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-179">[178]</a> The foundation was the biggest early backer of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Core_State_Standards_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Core State Standards Initiative">Common Core State Standards Initiative</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-179">[178]</a> In October 2017 it was announced that the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation would spend more than $1.7 billion over five years to pay for new initiatives in public education.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> One of the foundation's goals is to lower poverty by increasing the number of college graduates in the United States, and the organization has funded "Reimagining Aid Design and Delivery" grants to think tanks and advocacy organizations to produce white papers on ideas for changing the current system of federal financial aid for college students, to increase graduation rates.<a href="#cite_note-chronicle.com-181">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> One of the ways the foundation has sought to increase the number of college graduates is to get them through college faster, but that idea has received some pushback from organizations of universities and colleges.<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> As part of its education-related initiatives, the foundation has funded journalists, think tanks, lobbying organizations, and governments. Millions of dollars of grants to news organizations have funded reporting on education and higher education, including more than $1.4 million to the Education Writers Association to fund training for journalists who cover education.<a href="#cite_note-shape_conversation-184">[183]</a> Some of the foundation's educational initiatives have included: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gates_Cambridge_Scholarships" class="mw-redirect" title="Gates Cambridge Scholarships">Gates Cambridge Scholarships</a>: In 2000, the Gates Foundation donated $210 million to help outstanding graduate students from the U.S. and around the world to study at the prestigious <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>. The Gates Cambridge Scholarship has often been compared to the <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Rhodes Scholarship">Rhodes Scholarship</a> given its international scope and substantial endowment. The scholarship remains extremely competitive with just 0.3% of applicants being selected. Each year, approximately 100 new graduate students from around the world receive funding to attend <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a>. Several buildings at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> also bear the name of William and Melinda Gates after sizable contributions to their construction.<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20130808_Kings_Back_Court_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/20130808_Kings_Back_Court_01.jpg/220px-20130808_Kings_Back_Court_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/20130808_Kings_Back_Court_01.jpg/330px-20130808_Kings_Back_Court_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/20130808_Kings_Back_Court_01.jpg/440px-20130808_Kings_Back_Court_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>: Received $25 million from the foundation for a new Information Science building, named "Bill and Melinda Gates Hall". The total cost of the building was estimated at $60 million. Construction began in March 2012 and officially opened in January 2014.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>: Part of the <a href="/wiki/Ray_and_Maria_Stata_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray and Maria Stata Center">Ray and Maria Stata Center</a> is known as the "Gates Tower" in recognition of partial funding of the building.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a>: The foundation gave $20 million to the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_School_of_Computer_Science" title="Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science">Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science</a> for a new Computer Science building called the "Gates Center for Computer Science".<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> It officially opened on September 22, 2009.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a></li> <li>Smaller schools: The Gates Foundation claims one in five students is unable to read and grasp the contents of what they read, and African American and Latino students are graduating high school with the skills of a middle school student.<a href="#cite_note-Tom_Vander_Ark_2002,_pg_55-59-189">[188]</a> Gates Foundation has invested more than $250 million in grants to create new small schools, reduce student-to-teacher ratios, and to divide up large high schools through the schools-within-a-school model.<a href="#cite_note-Tom_Vander_Ark_2002,_pg_55-59-189">[188]</a></li> <li>D.C. Achievers Scholarships: The Gates Foundation announced March 22, 2007, a $122 million initiative to send hundreds of the District of Columbia's poorest students to college.<a href="#cite_note-The_Denver_Post_2007-190">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Washington_Times_2007-191">[190]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_Millennium_Scholars" class="mw-redirect" title="Gates Millennium Scholars">Gates Millennium Scholars</a>: Administered by the <a href="/wiki/United_Negro_College_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="United Negro College Fund">United Negro College Fund</a>, the foundation donated $1.5 billion for scholarships to high achieving minority students.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a></li> <li>NewSchools Venture Fund: The foundation contributed $30 million to help NewSchools to manage more charter schools, which aim to prepare students in historically underserved areas for college and careers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_American_Schools" title="Strong American Schools">Strong American Schools</a>: On April 25, 2007, the Gates Foundation joined forces with the <a href="/wiki/Eli_Broad" title="Eli Broad">Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation</a> pledging a joint $60 million to create <a href="/wiki/Strong_American_Schools" title="Strong American Schools">Strong American Schools</a>, a nonprofit project responsible for running <a href="/wiki/Strong_American_Schools" title="Strong American Schools">ED in 08</a>, an initiative and information campaign aimed at encouraging 2008 presidential contenders to include education in their campaign policies.<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teaching_Channel" title="Teaching Channel">Teaching Channel</a>: The Gates Foundation announced in September 2011 a $3.5 million initiative to launch a multi-platform service delivering professional development videos for teachers over the Internet, public television, cable and other digital outlets.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> To date, over 500,000 teachers and educators have joined the community to share ideas, lesson plans and teaching methods.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a></li> <li>The Gates Scholarship Program: In October 2015, the foundation committed $417.2 million to the <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Scholarship_Fund" title="Hispanic Scholarship Fund">Hispanic Scholarship Fund</a> to administer The Gates Scholarship, a program that would support high-achieving minority students from low-income backgrounds through the completion of their undergraduate degrees.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> The program was officially launched in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a></li> <li>The Texas High School Project: The project was set out to increase and improve high school graduation rates across Texas. The foundation committed $84.6 million to the project beginning in 2003. The project focuses its efforts on high-need schools and districts statewide, with an emphasis on urban areas and the Texas-Mexico border.<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a></li> <li>University Scholars Program: Donated $20 million in 1998 to endow a <a href="/wiki/Scholarship" title="Scholarship">scholarship</a> program at Melinda Gates' alma mater, <a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> The program provides full scholarships to about 10 members of each undergraduate class and one member in each class in each of the professional schools (schools of medicine, business, law, divinity, environment, nursing, and public policy), as well as to students in the Graduate School pursuing doctoral degrees in any discipline. Graduate and professional school scholars serve as mentors to the undergraduate scholars, who are chosen based on financial need and potential for interdisciplinary academic interests. Scholars are chosen each spring from new applicants to Duke University's undergraduate, graduate, and professional school programs. The program features seminars to bring these scholars together for interdisciplinary discussions and an annual spring symposium organized by the scholars.</li> <li>Washington State Achievers Scholarship: The Washington State Achievers program encourages schools to create cultures of high academic achievement while providing scholarship support to select college-bound students.</li> <li>William H. Gates Public Service Law Program: This program awards five full scholarships annually to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington_School_of_Law" title="University of Washington School of Law">University of Washington School of Law</a>. Scholars commit to working in relatively low-paying public service legal positions for at least the first five years following graduation.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>: $30 million challenge grant to build the <a href="/wiki/Gates-Dell_Complex" title="Gates-Dell Complex">Bill & Melinda Gates Computer Science Complex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a></li> <li>STAND UP: a national campaign that seeks to positively impact the current crisis within the United States public education system by calling upon community leaders, parents, students, and citizens to encourage change and STAND UP for better schools and the future of America's children. STAND UP was co-founded by the <a href="/wiki/Eli_Broad" title="Eli Broad">Eli Broad</a> Foundation and was launched in April 2006 on The Oprah Winfrey Show in a two-part feature.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Early_Success" title="Alliance for Early Success">Alliance for Early Success</a> to support the promotion, education, coordination, and alignment of policies that support vulnerable children ages birth through age eight.<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Every_Student_Succeeds_Act" title="Every Student Succeeds Act">Every Student Succeeds Act</a>: donated about $44 million to help with the 2015 federal education law.<a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pacific_Northwest">Pacific Northwest</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Pacific Northwest">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Institute" title="Discovery Institute">Discovery Institute</a>: Donated $1 million in 2000 to the Discovery Institute and pledged $9.35 million over 10 years in 2003, including $50,000 of <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Chapman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruce Chapman">Bruce Chapman</a>'s $141,000 annual salary. According to a Gates Foundation grant maker, this grant is "exclusive to the <a href="/wiki/Cascadia_project" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascadia project">Cascadia project</a>" on regional transportation, and it may not be used for the institute's other activities, including promotion of <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">intelligent design</a>.<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a></li> <li>Rainier Scholars: Donated $1 million.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a>: Donated $15 million to the museum in October 2005.<a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_programs">Education programs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Education programs">edit</a>]</div> Some critics[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>] fear that the foundation directs the conversation on education or pushing its point of view through news coverage.<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> The foundation has said it lists all its grants publicly and does not enforce any rules for content among its grantees, who have editorial independence.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-179">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-shape_conversation-184">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> Union activists in Chicago have accused Gates Foundation grantee Teach Plus, which was founded by new teachers and advocates against seniority-based layoffs, of "<a href="/wiki/Astroturfing" title="Astroturfing">astroturfing</a>".<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-179">[178]</a> The K-12 and higher education reform programs of the Gates Foundation have been criticized by some education professionals, parents, and researchers who argue they have driven the conversation on education reform to such an extent that they may marginalize researchers who do not support Gates' predetermined policy preferences.<a href="#cite_note-chronicle.com-181">[180]</a> Several Gates-backed policies such as small schools, charter schools, and increasing class sizes have been expensive and disruptive, but some studies indicate they have not improved educational outcomes and may have caused harm.<a href="#cite_note-dissent-209">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> Examples of some of the K-12 reforms advocated by the foundation include closing ineffective neighborhood schools in favor of privately run <a href="/wiki/Charter_schools_in_the_United_States" title="Charter schools in the United States">charter schools</a>; extensively using standardized test scores to evaluate the progress of students, teachers, and schools; and merit pay for teachers based on student test scores. Critics also believe that the Gates Foundation exerts too much influence over public education policy without being accountable to voters or taxpayers.<a href="#cite_note-dissent-209">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="About_the_global_health_division">About the global health division</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: About the global health division">edit</a>]</div> A 2007 investigation by the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a><a href="#cite_note-LA-140">[139]</a> claimed there are three major unintended consequences with the foundation's allocation of aid towards the fight against AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. First, sub-Saharan Africa already suffered from a shortage of primary doctors before the arrival of the Gates Foundation, but "by pouring most contributions into the fight against such high-profile killers as AIDS, Gates grantees have increased the demand for specially trained, higher-paid clinicians, diverting staff from basic care" in sub-Saharan Africa. This "brain drain" adds to the existing doctor shortage and pulls away additional trained staff from children and those suffering from other common killers. Second, "the focus on a few diseases has shortchanged basic needs such as nutrition and transportation".<a href="#cite_note-LA-140">[139]</a> Third, "Gates-funded vaccination programs have instructed caregivers to ignore – even discourage patients from discussing – ailments that the vaccinations cannot prevent".<a href="#cite_note-LA-140">[139]</a> In response, the Gates Foundation has said that African governments need to spend more of their budgets on public health than on wars, that the foundation has donated at least $70 million to help improve nutrition and <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> in Africa, in addition to its disease-related initiatives and that it is studying ways to improve the delivery of health care in Africa.<a href="#cite_note-LA-140">[139]</a> Both insiders and external critics have suggested that there is too much deference to Bill Gates's personal views within the Gates Foundation, insufficient internal debate, and pervasive "group think".<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-139">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-215">[214]</a> Critics also complain that Gates Foundation grants are often awarded based on social connections and ideological allegiances rather than based on formal external review processes or technical competence.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-215">[214]</a> Critics[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>] have suggested that Gates' approach to Global Health and Agriculture favors the interests of large pharmaceutical and agribusiness companies over the interests of the people of developing countries.<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> After the Gates foundation urged the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> to find a large company partner to get <a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">its COVID-19 vaccine</a> to market, the university backed off from its earlier pledge to donate the rights to any drugmaker.<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> Critics have outlined that the "Global Health Governance" approach as its conducted by the BMGF can best be understood as "Global Health <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a>" breaking with the "traditional notions of <a href="/wiki/Westphalian_sovereignty" class="mw-redirect" title="Westphalian sovereignty">Westphalian sovereignty</a>" by enforcing capitalist policies on all countries.<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> Also the broader concept of "<a href="/wiki/Philanthrocapitalism" title="Philanthrocapitalism">philanthrocapitalism</a>" is criticised as not addressing the real issue of systemic inequality of capitalism. Instead of real social change organisations such as BMGF represent the interests of "highly sophisticated capitalists who know what they want and how best to get it" – the "Global Health Imperialism" agenda is devoted "to expanding worldwide markets and facilitating commerce on behalf of Western capitalism".<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> Some experts have pointed that, while it is true that the foundation exercises inordinate power on the WHO, that is possible because the WHO is chronically underfunded and has prestige problems. Some rich countries have narrower views on global health and engage in <a href="/wiki/Vaccine_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaccine nationalism">vaccine nationalism</a>. The foundation is criticized for not battling monopolies on intellectual property, crowding out different views on policy and favoring <a href="/wiki/Solutionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Solutionism">solutionism</a>. Its focus on concrete illnesses leads away of system changes.<a href="#cite_note-Ferrer-223">[222]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AGRA">AGRA</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: AGRA">edit</a>]</div> The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is one of the founders and primary financiers of the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_a_Green_Revolution_in_Africa" title="Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa">Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa</a> (AGRA), an African-led organization focused on "transforming African agriculture"<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a> to improve food security in Africa and reduce poverty among small farmers.<a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> Some critics allege that by encouraging the use of mass-produced fertilizers and new seed varieties, AGRA's hidden goal is not to lift small farmers out of poverty, but to control them through dependence on profit-oriented international supply chains.<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modi_Goalkeepers_Award">Modi Goalkeepers Award</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Modi Goalkeepers Award">edit</a>]</div> On September 24, 2019, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation gave its <a href="/wiki/Goalkeepers_(Gates_Foundation)" title="Goalkeepers (Gates Foundation)">Goalkeepers</a> Global Goals award to Indian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>. The decision to award Modi was widely criticized by academics, Nobel Prize laureates, and human rights activists from all over the world.<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a> A petition signed by over 100,000 people also demanded that the Gates Foundation rescind the award.<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a> Critics insisted that Modi, a Hindu nationalist prime minister with allegations of human rights abuse, should not be celebrated by an organization whose mission states that 'every life has equal value and all people deserve healthy lives.'<a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> By giving Modi this prestigious award, they noted, the Gates Foundation contributes in legitimizing the rule of Modi.<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poverty_and_education_policy">Poverty and education policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Poverty and education policy">edit</a>]</div> Critics say the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has overlooked the links between poverty and poor academic achievement and has unfairly demonized teachers for poor achievement by underprivileged students. They contend that the Gates Foundation should be embracing anti-poverty and living wage policies rather than pursuing untested and empirically unsupported education reforms.<a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a> Critics say that Gates-backed reforms such as increasing the use of technology in education may financially benefit Microsoft and the Gates family.<a href="#cite_note-chronicle.com-181">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calls_for_divestment">Calls for divestment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Calls for divestment">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment#Divestment_campaigns_and_impact_investing" title="Financial endowment">Financial endowment § Divestment campaigns and impact investing</a></div> The foundation trust invests undistributed assets, with the exclusive goal of maximizing the <a href="/wiki/Return_on_investment" title="Return on investment">return on investment</a>. As a result, its investments include companies that have been criticized for worsening poverty in the same developing countries where the foundation is attempting to relieve poverty.<a href="#cite_note-:6-119">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a> These include companies that pollute heavily and pharmaceutical companies that do not sell into the developing world.<a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a> In response to press criticism, in 2007 the foundation announced a review of its investments to assess social responsibility.<a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a> It subsequently canceled the review and stood by its policy of investing for maximum return, while using voting rights to influence company practices.<a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a> Critics have called on the Gates Foundation to <a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment#Divestment_campaigns_and_impact_investing" title="Financial endowment">divest</a> from the <a href="/wiki/GEO_Group" title="GEO Group">GEO Group</a>, the second-largest private prison corporation in the United States. A large part of the prison's work involves incarcerating and detaining migrants that have been detained by the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama administration</a> and the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-prisonlegalnews.org-241">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a> In spring 2014, the Gates Foundation acknowledged its $2.2 million investment in the prison corporation.<a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a> It rebuffed critics' request that it sever investment ties with the prison corporation. It has refused to comment on whether it is continuing its investments, as of 2016.<a href="#cite_note-prisonlegalnews.org-241">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Awards">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In 2006, the foundation won the <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Asturias_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Asturias Award">Prince of Asturias Award</a> for International Cooperation.<a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a></li> <li>In 2007, then-<a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> <a href="/wiki/Pratibha_Devisingh_Patil" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratibha Devisingh Patil">Pratibha Devisingh Patil</a> presented the <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Prize" title="Indira Gandhi Prize">Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development</a> to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.<a href="#cite_note-247">[246]</a></li> <li>In recognition of the foundation's philanthropic activities in India, Bill and Melinda Gates jointly received India's third highest civilian honor <a href="/wiki/Padma_Bhushan" title="Padma Bhushan">Padma Bhushan</a> in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a></li> <li>On November 22, 2016, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> honored Bill and Melinda Gates with <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">The Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> for their philanthropic efforts.<a href="#cite_note-249">[248]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Medical_Research_Institute" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute">Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility" title="Corporate social responsibility">Corporate social responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Alliance_for_Improved_Nutrition" title="Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition">Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_charitable_foundations" title="List of wealthiest charitable foundations">List of wealthiest charitable foundations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_enterprise" title="Social enterprise">Social enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_entrepreneurship" title="Social entrepreneurship">Social entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_responsibility" title="Social responsibility">Social responsibility</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Formerly the William H. Gates Foundation, the Gates Learning Foundation and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/General-Information/History">"History"</a>. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bill+%26+Melinda+Gates+Foundation&rft.atitle=History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gatesfoundation.org%2FWho-We-Are%2FGeneral-Information%2FHistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-foundcen-2"><a href="#cite_ref-foundcen_2-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160311163100/https://fdo.foundationcenter.org/grantmaker-profile/?collection=grantmakers&key=GATE023">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a>, FoundationCenter.org, accessed February 10, 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/leadership/mark-suzman">"About Mark Suzman"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202555/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/leadership/mark-suzman">Archived</a> June 24, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: ". . . holds a doctorate in international relations from <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a>, where he was a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rhodes_Scholars" title="List of Rhodes Scholars">Rhodes scholar</a>." </li> <li id="cite_note-FactSheet-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FactSheet_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FactSheet_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FactSheet_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FactSheet_4-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gatesfoundation.org/who-we-are/general-information/foundation-factsheet">"Foundation Fact Sheet"</a>. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210222124539/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/General-Information/Foundation-Factsheet">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bill+%26+Melinda+Gates+Foundation&rft.atitle=Foundation+Fact+Sheet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gatesfoundation.org%2Fwho-we-are%2Fgeneral-information%2Ffoundation-factsheet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/General-Information/Leadership/Executive-Leadership-Team/William-H-Gates-Sr">"William H Gates Sr"</a>. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201206223454/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/General-Information/Leadership/Executive-Leadership-Team/William-H-Gates-Sr">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+H+Gates+Sr&rft.pub=Bill+%26+Melinda+Gates+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gatesfoundation.org%2FWho-We-Are%2FGeneral-Information%2FLeadership%2FExecutive-Leadership-Team%2FWilliam-H-Gates-Sr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/documents/F_151002C-1B_Bill%26MelindaGatesFoundation_FS.pdf">"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Financial Statement 2020"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603160528/https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/documents/F_151002C-1B_Bill%26MelindaGatesFoundation_FS.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 3, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bill+%26+Melinda+Gates+Foundation+Financial+Statement+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.gatesfoundation.org%2Fdocuments%2FF_151002C-1B_Bill%2526MelindaGatesFoundation_FS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.novoholdings.dk/wp-content/uploads/Novo-Holdings-Annual-Report-2020.pdf">"Novo Nordisk Holdings Report 2020"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210328113742/https://www.novoholdings.dk/wp-content/uploads/Novo-Holdings-Annual-Report-2020.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on March 28, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Novo+Nordisk+Holdings+Report+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.novoholdings.dk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FNovo-Holdings-Annual-Report-2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-voxsue-9"><a href="#cite_ref-voxsue_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchleifer2019" class="citation web cs1">Schleifer, Theodore (December 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/12/5/20997583/sue-desmond-hellmann-gates-foundation-departure">"The Gates Foundation has enormous impact. Its CEO leaving could have an enormous impact, too"</a>. Vox. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240726165918/https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/12/5/20997583/sue-desmond-hellmann-gates-foundation-departure">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2024. 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The Financial Times Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/ce87f48a-7208-11e5-9b9e-690fdae72044">Archived</a> from the original on December 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cascade+Investment%2C+Bill+Gates%27+wealth+manager&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft.aulast=Warwick-Ching&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fce87f48a-7208-11e5-9b9e-690fdae72044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/surveys/displaystory.cfm?story_id=5517656">"The birth of philanthrocapitalism"</a>. The Economist. February 23, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090925085738/http://www.economist.com/surveys/displaystory.cfm?story_id=5517656">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2009. Retrieved September 22, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+birth+of+philanthrocapitalism&rft.date=2006-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fsurveys%2Fdisplaystory.cfm%3Fstory_id%3D5517656&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GuidingPrinciples-12"><a href="#cite_ref-GuidingPrinciples_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100306020332/http://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/Pages/guiding-principles.aspx">"Guiding Principles"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/Pages/guiding-principles.aspx">the original</a> on March 6, 2010. Retrieved July 7, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guiding+Principles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gatesfoundation.org%2Fabout%2FPages%2Fguiding-principles.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130920122703/http://www.businessweek.com/interactive_reports/philanthropy_individual.html">"The 50 Most Generous Philanthropists"</a>. Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/businessweek/interactive_reports/philanthropy_individual.html">the original</a> on September 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+Businessweek&rft.atitle=The+50+Most+Generous+Philanthropists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fbusinessweek%2Finteractive_reports%2Fphilanthropy_individual.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gatesfoundation.org/who-we-are/general-information/foundation-faq">"Foundation FAQ"</a>. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240726165951/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/foundation-faq">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2020. <q>From 1994 through 2018, Bill and Melinda gave the foundation more than $36.0 billion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bill+%26+Melinda+Gates+Foundation&rft.atitle=Foundation+FAQ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gatesfoundation.org%2Fwho-we-are%2Fgeneral-information%2Ffoundation-faq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/profile/bill-gates/#4863025f689f">"Bill Gates"</a>. Forbes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170820124015/https://www.forbes.com/profile/bill-gates/#4863025f689f">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2017. Retrieved January 29, 2020. <q>To date, Gates has donated $35.8 billion worth of Microsoft stock to the Gates Foundation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Bill+Gates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fprofile%2Fbill-gates%2F%234863025f689f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/General-Information/Leadership/Executive-Leadership-Team/William-H-Gates-Sr">"William H Gates Sr"</a>. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180418093012/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/General-Information/Leadership/Executive-Leadership-Team/William-H-Gates-Sr">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bill+%26+Melinda+Gates+Foundation&rft.atitle=William+H+Gates+Sr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gatesfoundation.org%2FWho-We-Are%2FGeneral-Information%2FLeadership%2FExecutive-Leadership-Team%2FWilliam-H-Gates-Sr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBankBuckman2002" class="citation news cs1">Bank, David; Buckman, Rebecca (May 17, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1021577629748680000">"Gates Foundation Buys Stakes in Drug Makers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220614000401/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1021577629748680000">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2022. 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Retrieved December 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foundations+Help+Launch+Financial+Inclusion+Nonprofit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphilanthropynewsdigest.org%2Fnews%2Ffoundations-help-launch-financial-inclusion-nonprofit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gatesfoundation.org/our-work/programs/global-growth-and-opportunity/agricultural-development">"Agricultural Development"</a>. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. 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The Nation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602043909/https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/how-gates-foundations-investments-are-undermining-its-own-good-works/">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=How+the+Gates+Foundation%27s+Investments+Are+Undermining+Its+Own+Good+Works&rft.date=2014-08-22&rft.aulast=Piller&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Farchive%2Fhow-gates-foundations-investments-are-undermining-its-own-good-works%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-prisonlegalnews.org-241">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prisonlegalnews.org_241-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-prisonlegalnews.org_241-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoe_Watson2016" class="citation news cs1">Joe Watson (July 6, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2016/jul/6/demonstrators-protest-gates-foundations-22-million-investment-geo-group/">"Demonstrators Protest Gates Foundation's $2.2 Million Investment in GEO Group"</a>. Prison Legal News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408183842/https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2016/jul/6/demonstrators-protest-gates-foundations-22-million-investment-geo-group/">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prison+Legal+News&rft.atitle=Demonstrators+Protest+Gates+Foundation%27s+%242.2+Million+Investment+in+GEO+Group&rft.date=2016-07-06&rft.au=Joe+Watson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prisonlegalnews.org%2Fnews%2F2016%2Fjul%2F6%2Fdemonstrators-protest-gates-foundations-22-million-investment-geo-group%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeren2015" class="citation web cs1">Geren, Tony (August 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220703002429/https://www.iamawake.co/revealed-bill-gates-invests-billions-in-fast-food-private-prison-and-oil-companies/">"Revealed: Bill Gates invests billions in fast food, private prison and oil companies"</a>. I Am Awake. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iamawake.co/revealed-bill-gates-invests-billions-in-fast-food-private-prison-and-oil-companies/">the original</a> on July 3, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=I+Am+Awake&rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+Bill+Gates+invests+billions+in+fast+food%2C+private+prison+and+oil+companies&rft.date=2015-08-28&rft.aulast=Geren&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iamawake.co%2Frevealed-bill-gates-invests-billions-in-fast-food-private-prison-and-oil-companies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadison_Pauly2016" class="citation web cs1">Madison Pauly (July–August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/06/history-of-americas-private-prison-industry-timeline/">"A Brief History of America's Private Prison Industry"</a>. Mother Jones. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230627080318/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/06/history-of-americas-private-prison-industry-timeline/">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mother+Jones&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+America%27s+Private+Prison+Industry&rft.date=2016-07%2F2016-08&rft.au=Madison+Pauly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjones.com%2Fpolitics%2F2016%2F06%2Fhistory-of-americas-private-prison-industry-timeline%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLael_Henterly2014" class="citation news cs1">Lael Henterly (May 8, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seattleglobalist.com/2014/05/08/gates-foundation-private-prison-investments-geo-nwdc/24430">"Gates Foundation resists pressure to pull private prison investment"</a>. The Seattle Globalist. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230419013952/https://seattleglobalist.com/2014/05/08/gates-foundation-private-prison-investments-geo-nwdc/24430">Archived</a> from the original on April 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Globalist&rft.atitle=Gates+Foundation+resists+pressure+to+pull+private+prison+investment&rft.date=2014-05-08&rft.au=Lael+Henterly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seattleglobalist.com%2F2014%2F05%2F08%2Fgates-foundation-private-prison-investments-geo-nwdc%2F24430&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlex_Park2014" class="citation web cs1">Alex Park (December 8, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/12/gates-foundation-still-investing-private-prisons/">"Is the Gates Foundation Still Investing in Private Prisons?"</a>. Mother Jones. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230617065424/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/12/gates-foundation-still-investing-private-prisons/">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mother+Jones&rft.atitle=Is+the+Gates+Foundation+Still+Investing+in+Private+Prisons%3F&rft.date=2014-12-08&rft.au=Alex+Park&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjones.com%2Fpolitics%2F2014%2F12%2Fgates-foundation-still-investing-private-prisons%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081204114126/http://www.fundacionprincipedeasturias.org/ing/04/premiados/trayectorias/trayectoria807.html">"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation"</a>. Prince of Asturias Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fundacionprincipedeasturias.org/ing/04/premiados/trayectorias/trayectoria807.html">the original</a> on December 4, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prince+of+Asturias+Foundation&rft.atitle=Bill+and+Melinda+Gates+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fundacionprincipedeasturias.org%2Fing%2F04%2Fpremiados%2Ftrayectorias%2Ftrayectoria807.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408184349/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/gates-foundation-to-get-indira-gandhi-peace-prize/284494/">"Gates Foundation to get Indira Gandhi peace prize"</a>. Indian Express. March 14, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/gates-foundation-to-get-indira-gandhi-peace-prize/284494/">the original</a> on April 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Gates+Foundation+to+get+Indira+Gandhi+peace+prize&rft.date=2008-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.indianexpress.com%2Fnews%2Fgates-foundation-to-get-indira-gandhi-peace-prize%2F284494%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPTI2015" class="citation news cs1">PTI (January 25, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/advani-bachchan-dilip-kumar-get-padma-vibhushan/article6821421.ece">"Advani, Bachchan, Dilip Kumar get Padma Vibhushan"</a>. The Hindu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221111031846/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/advani-bachchan-dilip-kumar-get-padma-vibhushan/article6821421.ece">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Advani%2C+Bachchan%2C+Dilip+Kumar+get+Padma+Vibhushan&rft.date=2015-01-25&rft.au=PTI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fadvani-bachchan-dilip-kumar-get-padma-vibhushan%2Farticle6821421.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/campaign/medal-of-freedom">"The Presidential Medal of Freedom"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170120190622/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/campaign/medal-of-freedom">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2017. Retrieved November 23, 2016 – via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whitehouse.gov&rft.atitle=The+Presidential+Medal+of+Freedom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobamawhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fcampaign%2Fmedal-of-freedom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gates_Foundation&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gatesfoundation.org/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655286#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database">Grants database from 1994 onward</a> (grant payments only, not contracts or investments)</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726232916/https://www.greatmotive.com/bill-gates/#Bill_Gates_Net_Worth">Bill Gates donated his $35.8 billion to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</a> World's Biggest Charitable Trust</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://foundationcenter.org/findfunders/topfunders/top100assets.html">The Foundation Center: Top 100 US Foundations by asset size</a> Gates Foundation ranked number one.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/562618866">"Gates Foundation"</a>. Internal Revenue Service filings. <a href="/wiki/ProPublica" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</a> Nonprofit Explorer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ProPublica+Nonprofit+Explorer&rft.atitle=Gates+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprojects.propublica.org%2Fnonprofits%2Forganizations%2F562618866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/911663695">"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust"</a>. Internal Revenue Service filings. <a href="/wiki/ProPublica" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</a> Nonprofit Explorer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ProPublica+Nonprofit+Explorer&rft.atitle=Bill+%26+Melinda+Gates+Foundation+Trust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprojects.propublica.org%2Fnonprofits%2Forganizations%2F911663695&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGates+Foundation" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bill_Gates291" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bill_Gates" title="Template:Bill Gates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bill_Gates" title="Template talk:Bill Gates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bill_Gates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bill Gates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bill_Gates291" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Microsoft" title="History of Microsoft">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Epidemic_Preparedness_Innovations" title="Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations">CEPI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branded_Entertainment_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Branded Entertainment Network">Corbis (BEN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Investment" title="Cascade Investment">Cascade Investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="United States v. Microsoft Corp.">United States v. Microsoft antitrust case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TerraPower" title="TerraPower">TerraPower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_Ventures" title="Gates Ventures">Gates Ventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_History_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Big History Project">Big History Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Energy" title="Breakthrough Energy">Breakthrough Energy</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Gates_June_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bill_Gates_June_2015.jpg/80px-Bill_Gates_June_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bill_Gates_June_2015.jpg/120px-Bill_Gates_June_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bill_Gates_June_2015.jpg/160px-Bill_Gates_June_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="1408" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Open_Letter_to_Hobbyists" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Letter to Hobbyists">Open Letter to Hobbyists</a>" (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Ahead_(Gates_book)" title="The Road Ahead (Gates book)">The Road Ahead</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_@_the_Speed_of_Thought" title="Business @ the Speed of Thought">Business @ the Speed of Thought</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_to_Avoid_a_Climate_Disaster" title="How to Avoid a Climate Disaster">How to Avoid a Climate Disaster</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_to_Prevent_the_Next_Pandemic" title="How to Prevent the Next Pandemic">How to Prevent the Next Pandemic</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_Code_(memoir)" title="Source Code (memoir)">Source Code</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philanthropy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match_for_Africa" title="Match for Africa">Match for Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates#Climate_change_and_energy" title="Bill Gates">climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates#Personal_donations" title="Bill Gates">donations and sporting events</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Nerds" title="Triumph of the Nerds">Triumph of the Nerds</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_Silicon_Valley" title="Pirates of Silicon Valley">Pirates of Silicon Valley</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Network" title="The Social Network">The Social Network</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside_Bill%27s_Brain:_Decoding_Bill_Gates" title="Inside Bill's Brain: Decoding Bill Gates">Inside Bill's Brain: Decoding Bill Gates</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melinda_French_Gates" title="Melinda French Gates">Melinda French Gates</a> (ex-wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates_Sr." title="Bill Gates Sr.">Bill Gates Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Maxwell_Gates" title="Mary Maxwell Gates">Mary Maxwell Gates</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimi_Gardner_Gates" title="Mimi Gardner Gates">Mimi Gardner Gates</a> (stepmother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Possessions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Leicester" title="Codex Leicester">Codex Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates%27s_house" title="Bill Gates's house">Residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_on_the_Grand_Banks" title="Lost on the Grand Banks">Lost on the Grand Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_959#The_959_of_Bill_Gates" title="Porsche 959">Porsche 959</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Bill_Gates" title="Category:Bill Gates">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bill_Gates" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bill Gates">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation115" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#99d6ff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation" title="Template:Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation" title="Template talk:Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation115" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias_Awards" title="Princess of Asturias Awards">Prince or Princess of Asturias Award</a> for International Cooperation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Prince_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation54" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_L%C3%B3pez_Portillo" title="José López Portillo">José López Portillo</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Enrique_V._Iglesias" title="Enrique V. Iglesias">Enrique V. Iglesias</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Belisario_Betancur" title="Belisario Betancur">Belisario Betancur</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Contadora_group" title="Contadora group">Contadora group</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Alfons%C3%ADn" title="Raúl Alfonsín">Raúl Alfonsín</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Salamanca" title="University of Salamanca">University of Salamanca</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Coimbra" title="University of Coimbra">University of Coimbra</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Javier_P%C3%A9rez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Javier Pérez de Cuéllar">Javier Pérez de Cuéllar</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias" title="Óscar Arias">Óscar Arias</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Delors" title="Jacques Delors">Jacques Delors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Hans-Dietrich_Genscher" title="Hans-Dietrich Genscher">Hans-Dietrich Genscher</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a> (UNHCR)</li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">Frederik W. de Klerk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Protection_Force" title="United Nations Protection Force">United Nations Blue Berets stationed in Ex-Yugoslavia</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rio_Soares" title="Mário Soares">Mário Soares</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Guatemala">Government of Guatemala</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_National_Revolutionary_Unity" title="Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity">Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Emma_Bonino" title="Emma Bonino">Emma Bonino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olayinka_Koso-Thomas" title="Olayinka Koso-Thomas">Olayinka Koso-Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Machel" title="Graça Machel">Graça Machel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatiha_Boudiaf" title="Fatiha Boudiaf">Fatiha Boudiaf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Rigoberta Menchú</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatana_Ishaq_Gailani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatana Ishaq Gailani (page does not exist)">Fatana Ishaq Gailani</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Somaly_Mam" title="Somaly Mam">Somaly Mam</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Duque" title="Pedro Duque">Pedro Duque</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiaki_Mukai" title="Chiaki Mukai">Chiaki Mukai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Valeri_Polyakov" title="Valeri Polyakov">Valeri Polyakov</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Henrique_Cardoso" title="Fernando Henrique Cardoso">Fernando Henrique Cardoso</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li> <li>2002: The <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Committee_on_Antarctic_Research" title="Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research">Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a></li> <li>2004: The European Union's <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Programme" title="Erasmus Programme">Erasmus Programme</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Simone_Veil" title="Simone Veil">Simone Veil</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manhi%C3%A7a_Centre_of_Health_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manhiça Centre of Health Research (page does not exist)">Manhiça Centre of Health Research</a> (Mozambique), <a href="/wiki/Ifakara_Health_Institute" title="Ifakara Health Institute">Ifakara Health Institute</a> (Tanzania), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaria_Research_and_Training_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malaria Research and Training Centre (page does not exist)">Malaria Research and Training Centre</a> (Mali), and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kintampo_Health_Research_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kintampo Health Research Centre (page does not exist)">Kintampo Health Research Centre</a> (Ghana)</li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Transplantation_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Transplantation Society (page does not exist)">The Transplantation Society</a> and the Spanish <a href="/wiki/National_Transplant_Organization" title="National Transplant Organization">National Transplant Organization</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Drayton" title="Bill Drayton">Bill Drayton</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Society" title="Max Planck Society">Max Planck Society</a> for the Advancement of Science</li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Fulbright_Program" title="Fulbright Program">Fulbright Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change">United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a></li> <li>2017: The <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Society_of_America" title="Hispanic Society of America">Hispanic Society of America</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Amref_Health_Africa" title="Amref Health Africa">Amref Health Africa</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Sal_Khan" title="Sal Khan">Salman Khan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Khan_Academy" title="Khan Academy">Khan Academy</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/GAVI" title="GAVI">Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Camfed" title="Camfed">Camfed, Campaign for Female Education</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Ellen_MacArthur" title="Ellen MacArthur">Ellen MacArthur</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Drugs_for_Neglected_Diseases_Initiative" title="Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative">Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative</a> (DNDi)</li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture</a> (OEI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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