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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Chemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_and_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Distribution and habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultivation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultivation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Varieties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culinary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Culinary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_Chinese_medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_Chinese_medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Traditional Chinese medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_Chinese_medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jujube</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="عناب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عناب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziziphus_jujuba" title="Ziziphus jujuba – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ziziphus jujuba" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80" title="বগৰী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বগৰী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziziphus_jujuba" title="Ziziphus jujuba – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ziziphus jujuba" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fsl_innab" title="Əsl innab – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əsl innab" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Ююба – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ююба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Хинап – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хинап" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="འབྲ་གོ་དམར་པོ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འབྲ་གོ་དམར་པོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginjoler" title="Ginjoler – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ginjoler" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansinitas" title="Mansinitas – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mansinitas" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicimek_%C4%8D%C3%ADnsk%C3%BD" title="Cicimek čínský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cicimek čínský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zu%C5%8Bguli_kukua" title="Zuŋguli kukua – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Zuŋguli kukua" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almindelig_jujube" title="Almindelig jujube – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Almindelig jujube" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinesische_Jujube" title="Chinesische Jujube – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chinesische Jujube" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%82%DE%A7%DE%83%DE%AA" title="ކުންނާރު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކުންނާރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harilik_kreekt%C3%BCrn" title="Harilik kreektürn – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Harilik kreektürn" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%AC" title="Τζιτζιφιά – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζιτζιφιά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziziphus_jujuba" title="Ziziphus jujuba – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ziziphus jujuba" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jujubarbo" title="Jujubarbo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jujubarbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jujubondo" title="Jujubondo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jujubondo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="عناب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عناب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jujubier_commun" title="Jujubier commun – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jujubier commun" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisi%C3%BAb" title="Sisiúb – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sisiúb" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azofeifeira" title="Azofeifeira – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Azofeifeira" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0" title="બોર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બોર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%B6%94%EB%82%98%EB%AC%B4" title="대추나무 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대추나무" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A2_%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ունաբ սովորական – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ունաբ սովորական" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDi%C5%BEula" title="Žižula – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Žižula" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jujubo" title="Jujubo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jujubo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidara_cina_(tumbuhan)" title="Bidara cina (tumbuhan) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bidara cina (tumbuhan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziziphus_jujuba" title="Ziziphus jujuba – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ziziphus jujuba" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A3_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99" title="שיזף סיני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שיזף סיני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF" title="ಎಲಚಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಲಚಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%99%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Кәдімгі шилен – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кәдімгі шилен" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Унаби – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Унаби" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziziphus_jujuba" title="Ziziphus jujuba – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ziziphus jujuba" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zizifs" title="Zizifs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zizifs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zizoa" title="Zizoa – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Zizoa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziziphus_zizyphus" title="Ziziphus zizyphus – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ziziphus zizyphus" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jujuba" title="Jujuba – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jujuba" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4" title="ഇലന്ത – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇലന്ത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="बोर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बोर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="العناب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="العناب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jujube" title="Jujube – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jujube" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C5%8D%CC%A4" title="Cō̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cō̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဆီးပင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆီးပင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jujube" title="Jujube – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jujube" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%84%E3%83%A1" title="ナツメ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナツメ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinajujube" title="Kinajujube – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kinajujube" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginjorli%C3%A8r" title="Ginjorlièr – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ginjorlièr" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B3%E0%AC%BF" title="ବର କୋଳି – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବର କୋଳି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yovvoyi_chilonjiyda" title="Yovvoyi chilonjiyda – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yovvoyi chilonjiyda" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AE%DA%BC%DB%8C_(%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8)" title="مرخڼی (عناب) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مرخڼی (عناب)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%82o%C5%BCyna_pospolita" title="Głożyna pospolita – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Głożyna pospolita" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziziphus_jujubas" title="Ziziphus jujubas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ziziphus jujubas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curmal_chinezesc" title="Curmal chinezesc – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Curmal chinezesc" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Зизифус настоящий – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зизифус настоящий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱩᱢ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱩᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jujube" title="Jujube – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Jujube" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinxifja" title="Xinxifja – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Xinxifja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nz%C3%ACnzula" title="Nzìnzula – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nzìnzula" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jujube" title="Jujube – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jujube" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="عناب – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عناب" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jujuba_hol%C3%A1" title="Jujuba holá – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jujuba holá" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDi%C5%BEola" title="Žižola – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Žižola" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%D1%83%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Jујуба – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Jујуба" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDi%C5%BEula" title="Žižula – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Žižula" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidara" title="Bidara – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Bidara" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiinanjujuba" title="Kiinanjujuba – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiinanjujuba" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziziphus_jujuba" title="Ziziphus jujuba – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ziziphus jujuba" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="இலந்தை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலந்தை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="พุทราจีน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พุทราจีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCnnap" title="Hünnap – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hünnap" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Зизифус звичайний – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зизифус звичайний" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makcaujcij" title="Makcaujcij – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Makcaujcij" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1o_t%C3%A0u" title="Táo tàu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Táo tàu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziziphus_jujuba" title="Ziziphus jujuba – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ziziphus jujuba" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%A3" title="枣 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="枣" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E6%A3%97" title="紅棗 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="紅棗" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%A3" title="枣 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="枣" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11181633#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of plant with edible fruit</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the candy, see <a href="/wiki/Jujube_(confectionery)" title="Jujube (confectionery)">Jujube (confectionery)</a>. For the person, see <a href="/wiki/Jujubee_(drag_queen)" title="Jujubee (drag queen)">Jujubee (drag queen)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Jojoba" title="Jojoba">Jojoba</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Jujube </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ziziphus_jujuba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ziziphus_jujuba.jpg/220px-Ziziphus_jujuba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ziziphus_jujuba.jpg/330px-Ziziphus_jujuba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ziziphus_jujuba.jpg/440px-Ziziphus_jujuba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i>Ziziphus jujuba</i>, <a href="/wiki/Habitus_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitus (biology)">habitus</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-IUCN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Ziziphus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhamnaceae" title="Rhamnaceae">Rhamnaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ziziphus" title="Ziziphus"><i>Ziziphus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>Z. jujuba</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Ziziphus jujuba</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Miller" title="Philip Miller">Mill.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-POWO_719213-1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POWO_719213-1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em;"> <ul><li><i>Girtanneria jujuba</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mill.) Neck.</span></li> <li><i>Jububa mediterranea</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Bubani</span></li> <li><i>Mansana arborea</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">J.F.Gmel.</span></li> <li><i>Paliurus lucidus</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Carrière</span></li> <li><i>Rhamnus circumcissa</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Russell ex Wall.</span></li> <li><i>Rhamnus lucida</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Salisb.</span></li> <li><i>Rhamnus mauritiana</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Soy.-Will.</span></li> <li><i>Rhamnus soporifera</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Lour.</span></li> <li><i>Rhamnus vulgaris</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Pers.</span></li> <li><i>Rhamnus zizyphus</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">L.</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus acidojujuba</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">C.Y.Cheng & M.J.Liu</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus acidojujuba</i> f. <i>granulata</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">C.Y.Cheng & M.J.Liu</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus acidojujuba</i> f. <i>infecunda</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">C.Y.Cheng & M.J.Liu</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus acidojujuba</i> f. <i>trachysperma</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">C.Y.Cheng & M.J.Liu</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus chinensis</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Spreng.</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus flexuosa</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Wall.</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> f. <i>allochroa</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">C.Y.Cheng & M.J.Liu</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> f. <i>apyrena</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">C.Y.Cheng & M.J.Liu</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> f. <i>carnosicalycis</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">C.Y.Cheng & M.J.Liu</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> f. <i>heteroformis</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">C.Y.Cheng & M.J.Liu</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> var. <i>inermis</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bunge) Rehder</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> f. <i>lageniformis</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Nakai) Kitag.</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus jujuba subsp. spinosa</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bunge) J.Y.Peng, X.Y.Li & L.Li</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> var. <i>spinosa</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bunge) Hu ex H.F.Chow</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> f. <i>tortuosa</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">C.Y.Cheng & M.J.Liu</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus melanogona</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Bojer</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus natsme</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Siebold</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus nitida</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Roxb.</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus officinarum</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Medik.</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus sativa</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Gaertn.</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus sativa</i> var. <i>inermis</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bunge) C.K.Schneid.</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus sativa</i> var. <i>lageniformis</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Nakai</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus sativa</i> var. <i>spinosa</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bunge) C.K.Schneid.</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus sinensis</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Lam.</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus soporifera</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Lour.) Duhamel</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus sororia</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Schult.</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus spinosa</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bunge) Hu ex F.H.Chen</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus trinervia</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Roth</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus vulgaris</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Lam.</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus vulgaris</i> var. <i>inermis</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Bunge</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus vulgaris</i> var. <i>macrocarpa</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Risso</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus vulgaris</i> var. <i>oblonga</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Risso</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus vulgaris</i> var. <i>praecox</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Risso</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus vulgaris</i> var. <i>spinosa</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Bunge</span></li> <li><i>Ziziphus zizyphus</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(L.) H.Karst.</span></li> <li><i>Zizyphon jujubum</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mill.) St.-Lag.</span></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Jujube, raw</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Azufaifas_(fcm).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Azufaifas_%28fcm%29.jpg/235px-Azufaifas_%28fcm%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Azufaifas_%28fcm%29.jpg/353px-Azufaifas_%28fcm%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Azufaifas_%28fcm%29.jpg/470px-Azufaifas_%28fcm%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Fresh jujube fruit</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">331 kJ (79 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">20.23 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.2 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">1.2 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A equiv.</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 40 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.02 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.04 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 0.9 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 0.081 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">77%</div> 69 mg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 21 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.48 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 10 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 0.084 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 23 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">8%</div> 250 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 3 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0.05 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">77.86 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168151/nutrients">Link to USDA Database entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Jujube, dried</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ziziphus_jujuba_MS_2461.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ziziphus_jujuba_MS_2461.JPG/235px-Ziziphus_jujuba_MS_2461.JPG" decoding="async" width="235" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ziziphus_jujuba_MS_2461.JPG/353px-Ziziphus_jujuba_MS_2461.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ziziphus_jujuba_MS_2461.JPG/470px-Ziziphus_jujuba_MS_2461.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Jujube fruit naturally turns red upon drying.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,201 kJ (287 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">73.6 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">1.1 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">3.7 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A equiv.</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">18%</div> 0.21 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">28%</div> 0.36 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.5 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">14%</div> 13 mg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 79 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">10%</div> 1.8 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">9%</div> 37 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">13%</div> 0.305 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">8%</div> 100 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">18%</div> 531 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 9 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.19 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">19.7 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168152/nutrients">Link to USDA Database entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <p><b>Jujube</b> (UK <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span></span>/</a></span></span>; US <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/u/: 'u' in 'influence'">u</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/u/: 'u' in 'influence'">u</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/u/: 'u' in 'influence'">u</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), sometimes <b>jujuba</b>, scientific name <i><b>Ziziphus jujuba</b></i>, and also called <b>red date</b>, <b>Chinese date</b>, and <b>Chinese jujube</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-GRIN_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRIN-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a species in the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Ziziphus" title="Ziziphus">Ziziphus</a></i> in the buckthorn family <a href="/wiki/Rhamnaceae" title="Rhamnaceae">Rhamnaceae</a>. It is often confused with the closely related Indian jujube, <i><a href="/wiki/Ziziphus_mauritiana" title="Ziziphus mauritiana">Z.<span class="nowrap"> </span>mauritiana</a></i>. The Chinese jujube enjoys a diverse range of climates from temperate to tropical, whereas the Indian jujube is restricted to warmer subtropical and tropical climates.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jujube&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is a small <a href="/wiki/Deciduous_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Deciduous tree">deciduous tree</a> or <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrub</a> reaching a height of 5–12 metres (16–39 feet), usually with thorny branches. The <a href="/wiki/Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaves">leaves</a> are shiny-green, ovate-acute, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>2–7 centimetres (<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>–<span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> inches) long and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1–3 cm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span>–<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) wide, with three conspicuous veins at the base, and a finely toothed margin. The <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a> are small, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">5 millimetres (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in) wide, with five inconspicuous yellowish-green petals. The fruit is an edible oval <a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">drupe</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1.5–3 cm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span>–<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) deep; when immature it is smooth-green, with the consistency and taste of an apple with lower acidity, maturing brown to purplish-black, and eventually wrinkled, looking like a small <a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">date</a>. There is a single hard kernel, similar to an <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olive pit</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-rushforth_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rushforth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> containing two seeds. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ziziphus_jujuba1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bark"><img alt="Bark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ziziphus_jujuba1.jpg/200px-Ziziphus_jujuba1.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ziziphus_jujuba1.jpg/301px-Ziziphus_jujuba1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ziziphus_jujuba1.jpg/401px-Ziziphus_jujuba1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bark</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 128px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zizyphus_jujuba_Blanco1.59.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Plate from the book Flora de Filipinas"><img alt="Plate from the book Flora de Filipinas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Zizyphus_jujuba_Blanco1.59.png/189px-Zizyphus_jujuba_Blanco1.59.png" decoding="async" width="126" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Zizyphus_jujuba_Blanco1.59.png/284px-Zizyphus_jujuba_Blanco1.59.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Zizyphus_jujuba_Blanco1.59.png/378px-Zizyphus_jujuba_Blanco1.59.png 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="2022" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plate from the book <i><a href="/wiki/Flora_de_Filipinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora de Filipinas">Flora de Filipinas</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alb-Z._jujuba-leav-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leaf margin"><img alt="Leaf margin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Alb-Z._jujuba-leav-4.jpg/202px-Alb-Z._jujuba-leav-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Alb-Z._jujuba-leav-4.jpg/304px-Alb-Z._jujuba-leav-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Alb-Z._jujuba-leav-4.jpg/405px-Alb-Z._jujuba-leav-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Leaf margin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alb-Z._jujuba-flow-8.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flowers"><img alt="Flowers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Alb-Z._jujuba-flow-8.jpg/202px-Alb-Z._jujuba-flow-8.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Alb-Z._jujuba-flow-8.jpg/304px-Alb-Z._jujuba-flow-8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Alb-Z._jujuba-flow-8.jpg/405px-Alb-Z._jujuba-flow-8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flowers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alb-Z._jujuba-flow-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Close-up of flowers"><img alt="Close-up of flowers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Alb-Z._jujuba-flow-2.jpg/360px-Alb-Z._jujuba-flow-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Alb-Z._jujuba-flow-2.jpg/540px-Alb-Z._jujuba-flow-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Alb-Z._jujuba-flow-2.jpg/720px-Alb-Z._jujuba-flow-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3542" data-file-height="2657" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Close-up of flowers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alb-Z._jujuba-fruit-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fruit"><img alt="Fruit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Alb-Z._jujuba-fruit-2.jpg/202px-Alb-Z._jujuba-fruit-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Alb-Z._jujuba-fruit-2.jpg/304px-Alb-Z._jujuba-fruit-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Alb-Z._jujuba-fruit-2.jpg/405px-Alb-Z._jujuba-fruit-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fruit</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 243.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 241.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ziziphus_zizyphus_fruit_inside.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fruit cross section"><img alt="Fruit cross section" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ziziphus_zizyphus_fruit_inside.jpeg/362px-Ziziphus_zizyphus_fruit_inside.jpeg" decoding="async" width="242" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ziziphus_zizyphus_fruit_inside.jpeg/542px-Ziziphus_zizyphus_fruit_inside.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ziziphus_zizyphus_fruit_inside.jpeg/723px-Ziziphus_zizyphus_fruit_inside.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fruit cross section</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jujube_seed.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seeds"><img alt="Seeds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Jujube_seed.jpg/450px-Jujube_seed.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Jujube_seed.jpg/675px-Jujube_seed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Jujube_seed.jpg/901px-Jujube_seed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1517" data-file-height="910" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Seeds</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jujube&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leaves contain <a href="/wiki/Saponin" title="Saponin">saponin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ziziphin" title="Ziziphin">ziziphin</a>, which suppresses the ability to perceive sweet taste.<sup id="cite_ref-crfsn-32-231_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crfsn-32-231-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Flavinoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavinoid">Flavinoids</a> found in the fruits include <a href="/wiki/Kaempferol_3-O-rutinoside" title="Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside">Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quercetine_3-O-robinobioside&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quercetine 3-O-robinobioside (page does not exist)">Quercetine 3-O-robinobioside</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quercetine_3-O-rutinoside&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quercetine 3-O-rutinoside (page does not exist)">Quercetine 3-O-rutinoside</a>. <a href="/wiki/Terpenoid" title="Terpenoid">Terpenoids</a> such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colubrinic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colubrinic acid (page does not exist)">colubrinic acid</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphitolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alphitolic acid (page does not exist)">alphitolic acid</a> were found in the fruits.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahajan_Chopda_2017_p._10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahajan_Chopda_2017_p.-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jujube&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ultimate source of the name is <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ζίζυφον</span></span> <i>zízyphon</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was borrowed into <a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">Classical Latin</a> as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">zizyphum</i></span> (used for the fruit) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">zizyphus</i></span> (the tree). A descendant of the Latin word into a Romance language, which may have been French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">jujube</i></span> or <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">medieval Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">jujuba</i></span>, in turn gave rise to the common English <i>jujube</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This name is not related to <a href="/wiki/Jojoba" title="Jojoba">jojoba</a>, which is a loan from Spanish <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">jojoba</i></span>, itself borrowed from <i>hohohwi</i>, the name of that plant in a Native American language.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (November 2020)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The binomial name has a curious nomenclatural history, due to a combination of botanical <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Botanical_Nomenclature" class="mw-redirect" title="International Code of Botanical Nomenclature">naming regulations</a>, and variations in spelling. It was first named in the binomial system by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> as <i>Rhamnus zizyphus</i>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Species_Plantarum" title="Species Plantarum">Species Plantarum</a></i> (1753). <a href="/wiki/Philip_Miller" title="Philip Miller">Philip Miller</a>, in his <i>Gardener's Dictionary</i>, considered that the jujube and its relatives were sufficiently distinct from <i><a href="/wiki/Rhamnus_(plant)" title="Rhamnus (plant)">Rhamnus</a></i> to be placed in a separate genus (as it had already been by the pre-Linnaean author <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pitton_de_Tournefort" title="Joseph Pitton de Tournefort">Tournefort</a> in 1700), and in the 1768 edition he gave it the name <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> (using Tournefort's spelling for the genus name). For the species name, he used a different name, as <a href="/wiki/Tautonymy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tautonymy">tautonyms</a> (repetition of exactly the same name in the genus and species) are not permitted in botanical naming. However, because of Miller's slightly different spelling, the combination of the earlier species name (from Linnaeus) with the new genus, <i>Ziziphus zizyphus</i>, is <i>not</i> a tautonym, and was therefore permitted as a botanical name. This combination was made by <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Karl_Wilhelm_Hermann_Karsten" title="Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten">Hermann Karsten</a> in 1882.<sup id="cite_ref-rushforth_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rushforth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-clarke_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clarke-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, a proposal was made to suppress the name <i>Ziziphus zizyphus</i> in favor of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and this proposal was accepted in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> is thus the correct scientific name for this species. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jujube&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Its precise natural distribution is uncertain due to extensive cultivation. However, its origin is thought to be in southwest Asia, between <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern India">northern India</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southern_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern China">southern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_China" title="Central China">central China</a>, and possibly also southeastern Europe though more likely introduced there.<sup id="cite_ref-rushforth_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rushforth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It grows wild but is also a garden shrub, kept for its fruit. </p><p>The tree tolerates a wide range of temperatures and rainfall, though it requires hot summers and sufficient water for acceptable fruiting. Unlike most of the other species in the genus, it tolerates fairly cold winters, surviving temperatures down to about −15 °C (5 °F), and the tree is, for instance, commonly cultivated in Beijing. This wide tolerance enables the jujube to grow in mountain or desert habitats, provided there is access to underground water throughout the summer. The jujube (<i>Z. jujuba</i>) grows in cooler regions of Asia. Five or more other species of <i>Ziziphus</i> are widely distributed in milder climates to hot deserts of Asia and Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This plant has been introduced in <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> and grows as an <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a> in the western part of the island, threatening mostly protected areas. It is cultivated in parts of southern California.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jujube&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jujube_dates_worm2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Jujube_dates_worm2.jpg/170px-Jujube_dates_worm2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Jujube_dates_worm2.jpg/255px-Jujube_dates_worm2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Jujube_dates_worm2.jpg/340px-Jujube_dates_worm2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="505" /></a><figcaption>Jujube date attacked by an insect larva</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Witch%27s_broom" title="Witch's broom">Witch's broom</a>, prevalent in China and Korea, is the main disease affecting jujubes, though plantings in North America currently are not affected by any pests or diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Europe, the last several years have seen some 80%–90% of the jujube crop eaten by insect larvae (see picture), including those of the <a href="/wiki/False_codling_moth" title="False codling moth">false codling moth</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Thaumatotibia" title="Thaumatotibia">Thaumatotibia</a> (Cryptophlebia) leucotreta</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-citruspests_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citruspests-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Madagascar, it is widely eaten by free-ranging <a href="/wiki/Zebu" title="Zebu">zebus</a>, and its seeds grow easily in zebu feces. </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jujube&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cultivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jujube was domesticated in South Asia by 9000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-gupta54_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gupta54-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 400 <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a> have been selected. </p><p>The fruit, when the plant is kept as a garden shrub, is picked in the autumn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Varieties">Varieties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jujube&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chico (also called GI 7-62) developed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> (USDA) in the 1950s<sup id="cite_ref-Gardens.org_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardens.org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Li, major commercial variety in the US<sup id="cite_ref-Gardens.org_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardens.org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Shanxi li, very large fruit<sup id="cite_ref-Gardens.org_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardens.org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lang, major commercial variety in the US<sup id="cite_ref-Gardens.org_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardens.org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sherwood <sup id="cite_ref-Gardens.org_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardens.org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Silverhill (also known as Yu and Tigertooth) can be grown in areas with high humidity<sup id="cite_ref-Gardens.org_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardens.org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>So<sup id="cite_ref-Gardens.org_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardens.org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Shui Men<sup id="cite_ref-Gardens.org_21-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardens.org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>GA 866<sup id="cite_ref-Gardens.org_21-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardens.org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Honey jar, small juicy fruit<sup id="cite_ref-Gardens.org_21-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardens.org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sugar cane<sup id="cite_ref-Gardens.org_21-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardens.org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Winter delight, major commercial variety in China<sup id="cite_ref-Gardens.org_21-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardens.org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jujube&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HK_%E7%B4%85%E7%A3%A1_Hung_Hom_Cheong_Wan_Road_%E7%BD%AE%E5%AF%8C%E9%83%BD%E6%9C%83_Fortune_Metropolis_%E5%95%86%E5%A0%B4_shopping_mall_shop_%E5%BD%A9%E7%A6%8F%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B4_Choi_Fook_Royal_Banquet_Seafood_Restaurant_food_%E9%A3%AF%E5%BE%8C%E7%A7%9F%E5%93%81_dessert_%E7%B4%85%E6%A3%97%E7%B3%95_steamed_red_dates_cake_November_2022_Px3_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/HK_%E7%B4%85%E7%A3%A1_Hung_Hom_Cheong_Wan_Road_%E7%BD%AE%E5%AF%8C%E9%83%BD%E6%9C%83_Fortune_Metropolis_%E5%95%86%E5%A0%B4_shopping_mall_shop_%E5%BD%A9%E7%A6%8F%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B4_Choi_Fook_Royal_Banquet_Seafood_Restaurant_food_%E9%A3%AF%E5%BE%8C%E7%A7%9F%E5%93%81_dessert_%E7%B4%85%E6%A3%97%E7%B3%95_steamed_red_dates_cake_November_2022_Px3_02.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/HK_%E7%B4%85%E7%A3%A1_Hung_Hom_Cheong_Wan_Road_%E7%BD%AE%E5%AF%8C%E9%83%BD%E6%9C%83_Fortune_Metropolis_%E5%95%86%E5%A0%B4_shopping_mall_shop_%E5%BD%A9%E7%A6%8F%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B4_Choi_Fook_Royal_Banquet_Seafood_Restaurant_food_%E9%A3%AF%E5%BE%8C%E7%A7%9F%E5%93%81_dessert_%E7%B4%85%E6%A3%97%E7%B3%95_steamed_red_dates_cake_November_2022_Px3_02.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/HK_%E7%B4%85%E7%A3%A1_Hung_Hom_Cheong_Wan_Road_%E7%BD%AE%E5%AF%8C%E9%83%BD%E6%9C%83_Fortune_Metropolis_%E5%95%86%E5%A0%B4_shopping_mall_shop_%E5%BD%A9%E7%A6%8F%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B4_Choi_Fook_Royal_Banquet_Seafood_Restaurant_food_%E9%A3%AF%E5%BE%8C%E7%A7%9F%E5%93%81_dessert_%E7%B4%85%E6%A3%97%E7%B3%95_steamed_red_dates_cake_November_2022_Px3_02.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Steamed jujube cakes in a <i><a href="/wiki/Zhenglong" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhenglong">zhenglong</a></i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culinary">Culinary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jujube&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Culinary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The freshly harvested, as well as the candied <a href="/wiki/Dried_fruit" title="Dried fruit">dried fruit</a>, are often eaten as a snack, or with coffee. Smoked jujubes are consumed in Vietnam and are referred to as black jujubes.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A drink can be made by crushing the pulp in water.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both China and Korea produce a sweetened tea syrup containing jujube fruit in glass jars, and canned jujube tea or jujube tea in the form of teabags. To a lesser extent, jujube fruit is made into juice and jujube <a href="/wiki/Vinegar#Fruit" title="Vinegar">vinegar</a> (called <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9E%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:枣">枣</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%86%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:醋">醋</a> or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E6%9E%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:红枣">红枣</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%86%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:醋">醋</a> in Chinese). They are used for making <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_pickle" title="South Asian pickle">pickles</a> (কুলের আচার) in west Bengal and Bangladesh. In Assam it is known as <b>"Bogori"</b> and the pickle, Bogori aachar (বগৰি আচাৰ), is famous. In China, a wine made from jujube fruit is called <i>hong zao jiu</i> (红枣酒). </p><p>Sometimes pieces of jujube fruit are preserved by storing them in a jar filled with <i><a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">baijiu</a></i> (Chinese liquor), which allows them to be kept fresh for a long time, especially through the winter. Such jujubes are called <i>zui zao</i> (醉枣; literally "drunk jujube"). The fruit is also a significant ingredient in a wide variety of Chinese delicacies (e.g. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%91%E7%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="甑糕 (page does not exist)">甑糕</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jing_gao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jing gao (page does not exist)">jing gao</a>, a steamed rice cake). </p><p>In Vietnam and Taiwan, fully mature, nearly ripe fruit is harvested and sold on the local markets and also exported to Southeast Asian countries.<sup id="cite_ref-LIM_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LIM-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dried fruit is used in desserts in China and Vietnam, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Ching_bo_leung" title="Ching bo leung">ching bo leung</a></i>, a cold beverage that includes the dried jujube, longan, fresh seaweed, barley, and lotus seeds.<sup id="cite_ref-LIM_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LIM-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Korea, jujubes are called <i>daechu</i> (대추) and are used in <i><a href="/wiki/Daechucha" class="mw-redirect" title="Daechucha">daechucha</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Samgyetang" class="mw-redirect" title="Samgyetang">samgyetang</a></i>. </p><p>On his visit to <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, the 19th-century English explorer, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Burton" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Richard Burton">Sir Richard Burton</a>, observed that the local variety of <a href="/wiki/Sidrat_al-Muntaha" title="Sidrat al-Muntaha">jujube</a> fruit was widely eaten. He describes its taste as like "a bad plum, an unripe cherry, and an insipid apple". He gives the local names for three varieties as "Hindi (Indian), Baladi (native), Tamri (date-like)."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A hundred years ago, a close variety was common in the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Valley_(Middle_East)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan Valley (Middle East)">Jordan valley</a> and around <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-easton_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-easton-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">bedouin</a> valued the fruit, calling it <i>nabk</i>. It could be dried and kept for winter or made into a paste which was used as bread.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Persian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian cuisine">Persian cuisine</a>, the dried drupes are known as <i>annab</i>, while in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, it is commonly eaten as a snack, and is known as <i>unab</i>. Confusion in the common name apparently is widespread. The <i>unab</i> is <i>Z. jujuba</i>. Rather, <i>ber</i> is used for three other cultivated or wild species, e.g., <i><a href="/wiki/Ziziphus_spina-christi" title="Ziziphus spina-christi">Z. spina-christi</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ziziphus_mauritiana" title="Ziziphus mauritiana">Z. mauritiana</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ziziphus_nummularia" title="Ziziphus nummularia">Z. nummularia</a></i> in parts of India and is eaten both fresh and dried.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Which species? (June 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Arabic name <i>sidr</i> is used for <i>Ziziphus</i> species other than <i>Z. jujuba</i>. </p><p>Traditionally in India, the fruits are dried in the sun and the hard seeds removed, after which the dried flesh is pounded with <a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">tamarind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_chillies" class="mw-redirect" title="Red chillies">red chillies</a>, salt, and <a href="/wiki/Jaggery" title="Jaggery">jaggery</a>. In some parts of the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, fresh whole ripe fruit is crushed with the above ingredients and sun-dried to make cakes called <i>ilanthai vadai</i> or <i>regi vadiyalu</i> (<a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also commonly consumed as a snack. </p><p>In Northern and Northeastern India the fruit is eaten fresh with salt and chilli flakes and also preserved as candy, jam or pickle with oil and spices. </p><p>In Madagascar, jujube fruit is eaten fresh or dried. People also use it to make jam. A jujube honey is produced in the <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Mountains" title="Atlas Mountains">Atlas Mountains</a> of Morocco.<sup id="cite_ref-LIM_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LIM-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Italy has an alcoholic syrup called <i>brodo di giuggiole</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Croatia, especially <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>, jujubes are used in marmalades, juices, and <i><a href="/wiki/Rakija" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakija">rakija</a></i> (fruit brandy). </p><p>In Senegal and The Gambia, Jujube is called Sii dem or Ceedem, and the fruit is used as snack and also turned into a dried paste favoured as a sweetmeat by schoolchildren. More recently it has been processed and sold in Dakar by women. </p><p>In Australia jujube beer is made.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Jujube_(confectionery)" title="Jujube (confectionery)">commercial jujube candy</a> popular in movie theaters originally contained jujube juice but now uses other flavorings. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Laoling" title="Laoling">Laoling</a>, China, jujube juice and wine are made.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_Chinese_medicine">Traditional Chinese medicine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jujube&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Traditional Chinese medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Medical_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs more <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">reliable medical references</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a> or relies too heavily on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Primary_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Primary sources">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please review the contents of the section and <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jujube&action=edit">add the appropriate references</a> if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. <small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Jujube%22">"Jujube"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Jujube%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Jujube%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Jujube%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Jujube%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Jujube%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2012</span>)</i></span></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/52px-Star_of_life.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/77px-Star_of_life.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/103px-Star_of_life.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="192" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The fruit and its seeds are used in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Chinese Medicine">Traditional Chinese Medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kampo" title="Kampo">Kampo</a> for many purposes. Some investigational research indicates possibilities related to their traditional use to alleviate stress<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and for sedation.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these systems, it is also believed to have uses as an antiseptic/antifungal agent, anti-inflammatory, contraceptive, and muscle relaxer. It is also thought to help in regulation of blood pressure, stimulate the immune system, prevent ulcers and aid in wound healing. Jujube fruit is also combined with other herbs to treat colds and influenza. It is used to protect and heal the kidneys, heart, and spleen. Jujube is also one of the ingredients used in Chinese medicine to modulate the effects of other herbs, preventing overpowering effects or clashing properties.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Needs citations to support any description as effective medication and for these being the uses in this system. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The fruit contains many different healthy properties like vitamins and amino acids<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Nutritional info should be relatively easy to find if this is true, but is not included here. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jujube&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Japan, the <i>natsume</i> has given its name to a style of <a href="/wiki/Chaki#Usucha-ki_/_natsume" title="Chaki">tea caddy</a> used in the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_tea_ceremony" title="Japanese tea ceremony">Japanese tea ceremony</a>, due to the similar shape.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its hard, oily wood was, along with pear, used for woodcuts to print books starting in the 8th century and continuing through the 19th in China and neighboring countries. As many as 2000 copies could be produced from one jujube <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (June 2023)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The timber is sometimes used for small items, such as <a href="/wiki/Tuning_pegs" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuning pegs">tuning pegs</a> for instruments. Select grade Jujube timber is often used in traditional Asian instruments for fingerboard, pegs, rests & soundposts, ribs & necks etc. It has a medium to hard density similar to luthier grade European maple and has excellent tonal qualities. Jujube Wood can be found in local folk instruments from Ceylon/India thru to China/Korea; it is also commonly used in China in violin & cello making for overseas export, though usually stained black to imitate the look of ebony. Luthier grade jujube wood planes and carves beautifully.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This whole paragraph could easily be a related topic of interest, but there is no way to verify or explore it further. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jujube&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Arabic-speaking regions the jujube and alternatively the species <i><a href="/wiki/Ziziphus_lotus" title="Ziziphus lotus">Z. lotus</a></i> are closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Sidrat_al-Muntaha" title="Sidrat al-Muntaha">lote-trees</a> (sing. سدرة <i>sidrah</i>, pl. سدر <i>sidr</i>) which are mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while in <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> the species <i>Z. spina-christi</i> is called <i>sidr</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-easton_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-easton-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An ancient jujube tree in the city <a href="/wiki/Al-Qurnah" title="Al-Qurnah">Al-Qurnah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, is claimed by locals as the <a href="/wiki/Tree_of_the_knowledge_of_good_and_evil" title="Tree of the knowledge of good and evil">Tree of Knowledge</a> mentioned in the Bible.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Article doesn't mention jujube and says tree is of unknown species (July 2021)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> Local tradition holds that the place where the city was built was the original site of the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a> (a passage in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a> <a href="/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative" title="Genesis creation narrative">creation narrative</a> says that a river flowed from the garden and split into <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a> rivers,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the city is currently). The tree is a tourist spot in the town. </p><p>Jujube tree is important in <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> too as <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> is worshipped in a <a href="/wiki/Badrinath_Temple" title="Badrinath Temple">major temple</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Badrinath" title="Badrinath">Badrinath</a>, from the Sanskrit compound Badarīnātha, consisting of the terms <i>badarī</i> (jujube tree) and <i>nātha</i> (lord), an epithet of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also known as Badarikashrama. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jujube&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">Date palm</a> – Palm tree cultivated for its sweet fruit</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jujube&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IUCN-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUCN_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/63538/12688176">"<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2007</b>: e.T63538A12688176. 2007. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63538A12688176.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63538A12688176.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Ziziphus+jujuba&rft.volume=2007&rft.pages=e.T63538A12688176&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63538A12688176.en&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F63538%2F12688176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJujube" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-POWO_719213-1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-POWO_719213-1_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/719213-1">"<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plants+of+the+World+Online&rft.atitle=Ziziphus+jujuba+Mill.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpowo.science.kew.org%2Ftaxon%2F719213-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJujube" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDADailyValues-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FDADailyValues_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDADailyValues_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Food_and_Drug_Administration2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">United States Food and Drug Administration</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"</a>. <i>FDA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327175201/https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10298-008-0362-7">"Mise en évidence d'un effet psychotrope de la teinture mère de Zizyphus jujuba Mill"</a>. <i>Phytothérapie</i>. <b>7</b>: 31–36. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10298-008-0362-7">10.1007/s10298-008-0362-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:34867692">34867692</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytoth%C3%A9rapie&rft.atitle=Mise+en+%C3%A9vidence+d%27un+effet+psychotrope+de+la+teinture+m%C3%A8re+de+Zizyphus+jujuba+Mill&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=31-36&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10298-008-0362-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A34867692%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Goetz&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs10298-008-0362-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJujube" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJiangHuangChenLin2007" class="citation journal cs1">Jiang, Jian-Guo; Huang, Xiao-Juan; Chen, Jian; Lin, Qing-Sheng (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanbiosciences.com/pdf/Ziziphusstudy.pdf">"Comparison of the sedative and hypnotic effects of flavonoids, saponins, and polysaccharides extracted from Semen <i>Ziziphus jujube</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Natural Product Research</i>. <b>21</b> (4): 310–320. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14786410701192827">10.1080/14786410701192827</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17479419">17479419</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7886008">7886008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Product+Research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+sedative+and+hypnotic+effects+of+flavonoids%2C+saponins%2C+and+polysaccharides+extracted+from+Semen+Ziziphus+jujube&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=310-320&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A7886008%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17479419&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14786410701192827&rft.aulast=Jiang&rft.aufirst=Jian-Guo&rft.au=Huang%2C+Xiao-Juan&rft.au=Chen%2C+Jian&rft.au=Lin%2C+Qing-Sheng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanbiosciences.com%2Fpdf%2FZiziphusstudy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJujube" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2007" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Laura C. (2007). <i>Tea: the Drink that Changed the World</i>. Rutland, Vermont: Tuttle. p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8048-3724-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8048-3724-8"><bdi>978-0-8048-3724-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tea%3A+the+Drink+that+Changed+the+World&rft.place=Rutland%2C+Vermont&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Tuttle&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8048-3724-8&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Laura+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJujube" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edx.org/course/the-book-print-and-manuscript-in-western-europe-as">"edX Course: HarvardX: HUM1.3x Print and Manuscript in Western Europe, Asia and the Middle East (1450-1650) > Comparandum: Printing in East Asia > Main Technology: Xylography"</a>. <i>edX</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=edX&rft.atitle=edX+Course%3A+HarvardX%3A+HUM1.3x+Print+and+Manuscript+in+Western+Europe%2C+Asia+and+the+Middle+East+%281450-1650%29+%3E+Comparandum%3A+Printing+in+East+Asia+%3E+Main+Technology%3A+Xylography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.edx.org%2Fcourse%2Fthe-book-print-and-manuscript-in-western-europe-as&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJujube" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Yusuf_Ali" title="Abdullah Yusuf Ali">Abdullah, Yusuf Ali</a> (1946) <i>The Holy Qur-an. Text, Translation and Commentary</i>, Qatar National Printing Press. p.1139, n. 3814.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Lambden" class="citation web cs1">Stephen Lambden. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040906133000/http://www.hurqalya.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/baha'i%20encyclopedia/SIDRAH-SIDRAT-BE.htm">"The Sidrah (Lote-Tree) and the Sidrat al-Muntaha (Lote-Tree of the Extremity): Some Apects of their Islamic and Bābī-Bahā'ī Iintepretations"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurqalya.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/baha'i%20encyclopedia/SIDRAH-SIDRAT-BE.htm">the original</a> on 6 September 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2015</span>. <q>This is apparently the wild jujube or <i>Zizyphus spina-christi</i> (Christ's thorn), a tall, stout, tropical tree (see image above) with dense prickly branches which produces a sweet reddish fruit similar to that of the jujube (the 'unnāb = <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zizyphus_vulgaris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zizyphus vulgaris (page does not exist)">Zizyphus vulgaris</a></i> / fruit)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sidrah+%28Lote-Tree%29+and+the+Sidrat+al-Muntaha+%28Lote-Tree+of+the+Extremity%29%3A+Some+Apects+of+their+Islamic+and+B%C4%81b%C4%AB-Bah%C4%81%27%C4%AB+Iintepretations.&rft.au=Stephen+Lambden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurqalya.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk%2Fbaha%27i%2520encyclopedia%2FSIDRAH-SIDRAT-BE.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJujube" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/tree-knowledge">"The Tree of Knowledge"</a>. <i>Atlas Obscura</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602025544/https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/tree-knowledge">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+Obscura&rft.atitle=The+Tree+of+Knowledge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Fplaces%2Ftree-knowledge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJujube" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%202:10–14&version=nrsv">Genesis 2:10–2:14</a>: "A river watering the garden flowed from Eden; from there it was separated into four headwaters. [...] The name of the third river is the Tigris; it runs along the east side of Ashur. And the fourth river is the Euphrates."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooks2021" class="citation book cs1">Books, Kausiki (24 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UvxLEAAAQBAJ&dq=badrinath+lord+jujube&pg=PT13"><i>Skanda Purana: Vaishnava Khanda: Badrinath Kshetra Mahatmya: English Translation only without Slokas</i></a>. Kausiki Books. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Skanda+Purana%3A+Vaishnava+Khanda%3A+Badrinath+Kshetra+Mahatmya%3A+English+Translation+only+without+Slokas&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Kausiki+Books&rft.date=2021-10-24&rft.aulast=Books&rft.aufirst=Kausiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUvxLEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dbadrinath%2Blord%2Bjujube%26pg%3DPT13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJujube" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jujube&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Fruits of Warm Climates</i>. <a href="/wiki/Julia_Morton" title="Julia Morton">Julia. F. Morton</a>, Yan Lin Aung, FL: 1986.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ziziphus_jujuba" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ziziphus jujuba">Ziziphus jujuba</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jujube&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/fruits-and-fruit-juices/1932/1">Nutritional data for the jujube</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Ziziphus jujuba</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11181633" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q11181633">Q11181633</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ziziphus_jujuba" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Ziziphus jujuba">Ziziphus jujuba</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">AoFP: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Plant.aspx?id=1920">1920</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APA: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://floraofalabama.org/Plant.aspx?id=3099">3099</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/152489">152489</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/218046">218046</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=254326">254326</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5D5Z9">5D5Z9</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/582338">582338</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/ZIPJU">ZIPJU</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/178001">178001</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200013464">200013464</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200013464">200013464</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/3039423">3039423</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=42282">42282</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/428365">428365</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/719213-1">719213-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=196004">196004</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/63538">63538</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Missouri Botanical Garden">MoBotPF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=286335">286335</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=326968">326968</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/aaa0f558-dc19-4191-9ada-0b16b4fd8921">aaa0f558-dc19-4191-9ada-0b16b4fd8921</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/129847/">129847</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=73483">73483</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_for_a_Future" title="Plants for a Future">PfaF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Ziziphus+jujuba">Ziziphus jujuba</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">PFI: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dryades.units.it/floritaly/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&tipo=all&id=3062">3062</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2470699">kew-2470699</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A719213-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:719213-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/27500858">27500858</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000430303">wfo-0000430303</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Rhamnus zizyphus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21877218" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q21877218">Q21877218</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/185206">185206</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/79695">79695</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/3876919">3876919</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=31067">31067</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/718762-1">718762-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A718762-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:718762-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/50169838">50169838</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000460113">wfo-0000460113</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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