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</div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-格式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#格式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>格式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-格式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-万维网至.onion网关" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#万维网至.onion网关"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>万维网至.onion网关</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-万维网至.onion网关-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-.exit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#.exit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>.exit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-.exit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-官方指定" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#官方指定"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>官方指定</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-官方指定-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-对HTTPS的支持" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#对HTTPS的支持"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>对HTTPS的支持</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-对HTTPS的支持-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-另请参阅" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#另请参阅"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>另请参阅</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-另请参阅-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">.onion</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。32种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_(.onion)" title="نطاق أنيون (.onion) – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نطاق أنيون (.onion)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q848715#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/.onion" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:.onion" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/.onion" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/.onion" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/.onion" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/.onion" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/.onion" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/.onion" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/.onion" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/.onion" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/.onion" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/.onion"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon 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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-f3e2a619" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">.onion</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tor_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Tor_logo.png" decoding="async" width="193" height="79" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="79" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">推出日期</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2004年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="頂級域">頂級域</a>類型</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">主机后缀</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">狀況</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">并未收录于域名根服务器中，但被Tor客户端、服务器和代理广泛使用</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%A8%E5%86%8C%E5%B1%80" title="域名注册局">域名註冊局</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/Tor" title="Tor">Tor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">預期使用</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">通过Tor去指定并访问隐藏的服务</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">实际使用</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">使Tor用户使用提供商和用户均为匿名的服务，且使得其难以被追踪</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">註冊限制</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">当一个隐藏服务被设置好之后，域名就自动被Tor客户端所“注册”</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">結構</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">公钥自动生成难以理解的字符串作为域名</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">相關文件</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7686">RFC 7686</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svn.torproject.org/svn/projects/design-paper/tor-design.html">Tor 设计文档</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spec.torproject.org/address-spec">Tor网络上的特殊主机名</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">爭議政策</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">无</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">註冊局網站</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.torproject.org/">www<wbr />.torproject<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>.onion</b>是一个用于在<a href="/wiki/Tor" title="Tor">Tor</a>网络上寻址特殊用途的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="顶级域">顶级域</a>后缀。这种后缀不属于实际的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D" title="域名">域名</a>，也并未收录于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E6%A0%B9%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="域名根区（页面不存在）">域名根区</a>中。但只要安装了正确的代理软件，如类似于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8F%E8%A7%88%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="浏览器">浏览器</a>的网络软件，即可通过Tor服务器发送特定的请求来访问.onion<a href="/wiki/URL" class="mw-redirect" title="URL">地址</a>。使用这种技术可以使得信息提供商与用户难以被中间经过的网络主机或外界用户所追踪。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="格式"><span id=".E6.A0.BC.E5.BC.8F"></span>格式</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：格式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>.onion顶级域的地址为Tor服务配置完成后，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E9%92%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="公钥">公钥</a>自动生成的难以记忆且不便理解的十六位半字母半数字<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E5%88%97%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="散列函数">hash</a>。这种十六位的hash由字母表内任意字母与2至7的十进制数字所组成，以此来表示使用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三十二进制（页面不存在）">base32</a>加密后的80位数字。通过<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B6%E8%A1%8C%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="并行计算">并行计算</a>生成大量的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%80%E5%AF%86%E9%92%A5%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86" title="公开密钥加密">密钥对</a>的方式来寻找合适的URL并设立起人类可读的.onion地址是可行的（例如以组织名开头）<sup id="cite_ref-scallion_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scallion-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-facebook_url_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facebook_url-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>此名称中的“onion”代指为达到匿名目的的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%8B%E8%91%B1%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1" title="洋葱路由">洋葱路由</a>技术。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="万维网至.onion网关"><span id=".E4.B8.87.E7.BB.B4.E7.BD.91.E8.87.B3.onion.E7.BD.91.E5.85.B3"></span>万维网至.onion网关</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：万维网至.onion网关"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>诸如<a href="/wiki/Tor2web" title="Tor2web">Tor2web</a>等的代理服务允许不使用Tor技术的浏览器与搜索引擎访问Tor网络上的隐藏服务。若使用这种网关，用户就放弃了自己的匿名身份并只得相信网关传送的内容是正确的。网关和隐藏服务均可识别出浏览器并得知用户IP地址数据。部分代理使用缓存技术<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>来提供比<a href="/wiki/Tor%E7%80%8F%E8%A6%BD%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor瀏覽器">Tor浏览器</a>更快的访问速度。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=".exit">.exit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：.exit"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>.exit</b>是一个被<a href="/wiki/Tor" title="Tor">Tor</a>用户所使用的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AA%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F" title="伪顶级域">伪顶级域</a>（英文：pseudo-top-level domain），用于指示Tor在连接到诸如<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E9%A0%81%E4%BC%BA%E6%9C%8D%E5%99%A8" title="網頁伺服器">网页服务器</a>的服务时应该使用的首选<a href="/wiki/Tor#Tor出口節點封鎖" title="Tor">出口节点</a>，而无需编辑配置文件 Tor（torrc）。 </p><p>使用这种伪顶级域的语法是：<i>主机名 + .出口节点 + .exit。</i>如果用户想使用节点<i>tor26</i>访问 http://www.torproject.org/ 的话，输入 <i>http://www.torproject.org.tor26.exit</i> 即可。 </p><p>这方面的示例包括访问仅适用于特定国家/地区的站点，或检查某个节点是否正常工作。 </p><p>用户也可直接输入<i>出口节点.exit</i>以访问出口节点的IP地址。 </p><p>.exit功能由于潜在的应用层的攻击风险而在版本0.2.2.1-alpha中被默认关闭。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="官方指定"><span id=".E5.AE.98.E6.96.B9.E6.8C.87.E5.AE.9A"></span>官方指定</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：官方指定"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>.onion域名曾为伪顶级域主机后缀，在概念上与<a href="/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">.bitnet</a>以及<a href="/wiki/UUCP" title="UUCP">.uucp</a>的早期使用大致相同。 </p><p>在2015年9月9日，根据Tor项目的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雅各布·阿佩尔鲍姆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jacob Appelbaum"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E4%BD%A9%E5%B0%94%E9%B2%8D%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅各布·阿佩尔鲍姆（页面不存在）">雅各布·阿佩尔鲍姆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Appelbaum" class="extiw" title="en:Jacob Appelbaum"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jacob Appelbaum</span></a></span>）</span></span>（英語：<span lang="en">Jacob Appelbaum</span>）和<a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>安全工程师Alec Muffett的建议，<a href="/wiki/ICANN" class="mw-redirect" title="ICANN">ICANN</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%8F%B7%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E5%B1%80" title="互联网号码分配局">互联网号码分配局</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E7%BB%84" title="互联网工程任务组">互联网工程任务组</a>将.onion指定为“特殊用途域名”，将其归于官方地位。<sup id="cite_ref-lwn-iana_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lwn-iana-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-official_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="对HTTPS的支持"><span id=".E5.AF.B9HTTPS.E7.9A.84.E6.94.AF.E6.8C.81"></span>对HTTPS的支持</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：对HTTPS的支持"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>来源于Tor网络上恶意出口节点的<a href="/w/index.php?title=SSL_strip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SSL strip（页面不存在）">SSL剥离</a>（英文：SSL Stripping）攻击足以威胁到访问<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E7%B6%B2" title="明網">明网</a>上传统的HTTPS站点。尽管加密本身在技术上是冗余的，但.onion地址的网站可以通过证书提供身份保证的附加层赋予Tor原生加密功能。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>提供HTTPS证书还需<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.mozilla.org/security/2015/04/30/deprecating-non-secure-http/">启用浏览器功能</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180611223516/https://blog.mozilla.org/security/2015/04/30/deprecating-non-secure-http/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），否则这些功能将无法用于.onion站点的用户。 </p><p>在采用<a href="/wiki/CA/%E6%B5%8F%E8%A7%88%E5%99%A8%E8%AE%BA%E5%9D%9B" title="CA/浏览器论坛">CA/浏览器论坛</a>第144号投票（英文：CA/Browser Forum Ballot 144）之前，只能通过将.onion视为内部服务器名称来获取.onion名称的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="超文本传输安全协议">HTTPS</a>证书。<sup id="cite_ref-ballot144_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ballot144-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>根据CA/浏览器论坛的基准要求，这些证书可能会发布，但必须在2015年11月1日之前到期<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。尽管有这些限制，四个组织（包括于2013年7月签署的<a href="/wiki/DuckDuckGo" title="DuckDuckGo">DuckDuckGo</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，2014年10月签署的<a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ，2014年12月签署的<a href="/wiki/Blockchain.info" class="mw-redirect" title="Blockchain.info">Blockchain.info</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>以及2015年4月签署的<a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）仍然签署了认证机构合作伙伴关系。 </p><p>在2015年9月通过CA/浏览器论坛第144号投票和采用.onion为“特殊用途域名”之后，.onion域名通过了RFC 6761的标准<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。证书颁发机构可以根据CA/浏览器论坛引入于第144号投票<sup id="cite_ref-ballot144_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ballot144-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>里的基准要求<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>中记录的过程来发布.onion站点的SSL证书。 </p><p>截至2016年8月，<a href="/wiki/DigiCert" title="DigiCert">DigiCert</a>已签署了7个不同组织的13个.onion域名<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="另请参阅"><span id=".E5.8F.A6.E8.AF.B7.E5.8F.82.E9.98.85"></span>另请参阅</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：另请参阅"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.tor" title=".tor">.tor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I2P" title="I2P">I2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.bit" title=".bit">.bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E7%BD%91" class="mw-redirect" title="暗网">暗网</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%9A%97%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="黑暗网络">黑暗網路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BF%E5%90%8D%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="匿名服务列表">匿名服务列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%8B%E8%91%B1%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1" title="洋葱路由">洋葱路由</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-scallion-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scallion_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/lachesis/scallion">Scallion</a>. GitHub. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-11-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112074523/https://github.com/lachesis/scallion">存档</a>于2014-11-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A.onion&rft.btitle=Scallion&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=GitHub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Flachesis%2Fscallion&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-facebook_url-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-facebook_url_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation mailinglist">Muffett, Alec. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.seul.org/tor/talk/Oct-2014/msg00433.html">Re: Facebook brute forcing hidden services</a>. tor-talk (邮件列表) (Simple End-User Linux). 2014-10-31 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-11-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141102142304/http://archives.seul.org/tor/talk/Oct-2014/msg00433.html">存档</a>于2014-11-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A.onion&rft.au=Muffett%2C+Alec&rft.btitle=Re%3A+Facebook+brute+forcing+hidden+services&rft.date=2014-10-31&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Simple+End-User+Linux&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.seul.org%2Ftor%2Ftalk%2FOct-2014%2Fmsg00433.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140521220306/https://onion.cab/?a=why">Onion.cab: Advantages of this TOR2WEB-Proxy</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-05-21</span>]</span>. 原始内容存档于2014-05-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A.onion&rft.btitle=Onion.cab%3A+Advantages+of+this+TOR2WEB-Proxy&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonion.cab%2F%3Fa%3Dwhy&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.torproject.org/projects/torbrowser.html.en">Tor Browser Bundle</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-05-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140623203436/https://www.torproject.org/projects/torbrowser.html.en">存档</a>于2014-06-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A.onion&rft.btitle=Tor+Browser+Bundle&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.torproject.org%2Fprojects%2Ftorbrowser.html.en&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git/tree/address-spec.txt">Special Hostnames in Tor</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-06-30</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150317110148/https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git/tree/address-spec.txt">存档</a>于2015-03-17）.</cite><span 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style="font-size:85%;">(pdf)</span>, Symposium on Security and Privacy (IEEE), 2013 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-04-16</span>]</span>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140823153440/http://www.ieee-security.org/TC/SP2013/papers/4977a080.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2014-08-23）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A.onion&rft.atitle=Trawling+for+Tor+Hidden+Services%3A+Detection%2C+Measurement%2C+Deanonymization&rft.au=Pustogarov%2C+Ivan&rft.au=Weinmann%2C+Ralf-Philipp&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.aulast=Biryukov&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Symposium+on+Security+and+Privacy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ieee-security.org%2FTC%2FSP2013%2Fpapers%2F4977a080.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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data-foreign-title="Caspar Bowden"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caspar_Bowden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caspar Bowden（页面不存在）">Caspar Bowden</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspar_Bowden" class="extiw" title="en:Caspar Bowden"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Caspar Bowden</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Roger Dingledine" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roger Dingledine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Dingledine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Dingledine（页面不存在）">Roger Dingledine</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Dingledine" class="extiw" title="en:Roger Dingledine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roger Dingledine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ian Goldberg" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ian Goldberg"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Goldberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ian Goldberg（页面不存在）">Ian Goldberg</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Goldberg" class="extiw" title="en:Ian Goldberg"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ian Goldberg</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Wendy Seltzer" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wendy Seltzer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wendy_Seltzer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wendy Seltzer（页面不存在）">Wendy Seltzer</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendy_Seltzer" class="extiw" title="en:Wendy Seltzer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wendy Seltzer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg/65px-Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg/98px-Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg/130px-Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">技術</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor" title="Tor">Tor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">.onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%8B%E8%91%B1%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1" title="洋葱路由">洋葱路由</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">軟件</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbot" title="Orbot">Orbot</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ricochet (software)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ricochet (software)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricochet_(software)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ricochet (software)（页面不存在）">Ricochet</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricochet_(software)" class="extiw" title="en:Ricochet (software)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ricochet (software)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowflake_(%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6)" title="Snowflake (软件)">Snowflake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tails_(%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F)" title="Tails (操作系统)">Tails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor2web" title="Tor2web">Tor2web</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="TorChat" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="TorChat"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TorChat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TorChat（页面不存在）">TorChat</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TorChat" class="extiw" title="en:TorChat"><span lang="en" dir="auto">TorChat</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Tor-ramdisk" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tor-ramdisk"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tor-ramdisk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tor-ramdisk（页面不存在）">Tor-ramdisk</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor-ramdisk" class="extiw" title="en:Tor-ramdisk"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tor-ramdisk</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidalia" title="Vidalia">Vidalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關主題</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Tor项目公司" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Tor Project, Inc"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tor%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tor项目公司（页面不存在）">Tor项目公司</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tor_Project,_Inc" class="extiw" title="en:The Tor Project, Inc"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Tor Project, Inc</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS_Everywhere" title="HTTPS Everywhere">HTTPS Everywhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BF%E5%90%8D%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="匿名服务列表">匿名服务列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Operation Onymous" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Operation Onymous"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Onymous&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Onymous（页面不存在）">Operation Onymous</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Onymous" class="extiw" title="en:Operation Onymous"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Operation Onymous</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%9A%97%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99" title="黑暗网站">暗网</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%9A%97%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="黑暗网络">黑暗网络</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/16px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/23px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/31px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tor_(%E5%8C%BF%E5%90%8D%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1)" title="Category:Tor (匿名網絡)">分类</a></b></li> <li><b><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Tor_project" class="extiw" title="commons:category:Tor project">共享资源</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="通用頂級域">通用</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.app_(%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F)" title=".app (通用顶级域)">.app</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.bar" title=".bar">.bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.bible" title=".bible">.bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.biz" title=".biz">.biz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF" title="多納斯">.church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.club" title=".club">.club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.college" title=".college">.college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.com" title=".com">.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.design" title=".design">.design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.dev" title=".dev">.dev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.download" title=".download">.download</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="生态学">.eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.eus" title=".eus">.eus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">.google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.green" title=".green">.green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.hiv" title=".hiv">.hiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="互联网顶级域列表">.icu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.info" title=".info">.info</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.kaufen" title=".kaufen">.kaufen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.kiwi" title=".kiwi">.kiwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.lat" title=".lat">.lat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.lgbt" title=".lgbt">.lgbt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.moe" title=".moe">.moe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.name" title=".name">.name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.net" title=".net">.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="互联网顶级域列表">.ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.ngo" title=".ngo">.ngo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.one" title=".one">.one</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.ngo" title=".ngo">.ong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.ooo" title=".ooo">.ooo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.org" title=".org">.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.top" title=".top">.top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.pro" title=".pro">.pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.wiki" title=".wiki">.wiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.wtf" title=".wtf">.wtf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.xyz" title=".xyz">.xyz</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".集团（页面不存在）">.集团</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%E5%9C%A8%E7%BA%BF" title=".在线">.在线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%E5%85%AC%E7%9B%8A" title=".公益">.公益</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.cn" title=".cn">.公司</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".移动（页面不存在）">.移动</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E6%88%91%E7%88%B1%E4%BD%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".我爱你（页面不存在）">.我爱你</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".москва（页面不存在）">.москва</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".онлайн" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title=".онлайн"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".онлайн（页面不存在）">.онлайн</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/.%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:.онлайн"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">.онлайн</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".сайт" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title=".сайт"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".сайт（页面不存在）">.сайт</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/.%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82" class="extiw" title="ru:.сайт"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">.сайт</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".орг" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title=".орг"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".орг（页面不存在）">.орг</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/.%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="ru:.орг"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">.орг</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%EC%82%BC%EC%84%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".삼성（页面不存在）">.삼성</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E5%95%86%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".商标（页面不存在）">.商标</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E5%95%86%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".商城（页面不存在）">.商城</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".дети（页面不存在）">.дети</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%BD%91" title=".中文网">.中文网</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E4%B8%AD%E4%BF%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".中信（页面不存在）">.中信</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".संगठन（页面不存在）">.संगठन</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.cn" title=".cn">.网络</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".بازار（页面不存在）">.بازار</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".شبكة" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".شبكة"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".شبكة（页面不存在）">.شبكة</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="en:.شبكة"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.شبكة</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".机构（页面不存在）">.机构</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".组织机构（页面不存在）">.组织机构</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".みんな" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title=".みんな"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E3%81%BF%E3%82%93%E3%81%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".みんな（页面不存在）">.みんな</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/.%E3%81%BF%E3%82%93%E3%81%AA" class="extiw" title="ar:.みんな"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">.みんな</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".世界（页面不存在）">.世界</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E7%BD%91%E5%9D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".网址（页面不存在）">.网址</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.cn" title=".cn">.游戏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%E6%94%BF%E5%8A%A1" title=".政务">.政务</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9E%E5%8A%A9%E7%B1%BB%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F" title="赞助类顶级域">赞助</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.aero" title=".aero">.aero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.asia" title=".asia">.asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.cat" title=".cat">.cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.coop" title=".coop">.coop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.edu" title=".edu">.edu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.gov" title=".gov">.gov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.int" title=".int">.int</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.jobs" title=".jobs">.jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.mil" title=".mil">.mil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.mobi" title=".mobi">.mobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.museum" title=".museum">.museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.post" title=".post">.post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.tel" title=".tel">.tel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.travel" title=".travel">.travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.xxx" title=".xxx">.xxx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="GeoTLD" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="GeoTLD"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GeoTLD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GeoTLD（页面不存在）">地区</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoTLD" class="extiw" title="en:GeoTLD"><span lang="en" dir="auto">GeoTLD</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".africa" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".africa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".africa（页面不存在）">.africa</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.africa" class="extiw" title="en:.africa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.africa</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF" title="阿尔萨斯">.alsace</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".amsterdam" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".amsterdam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.amsterdam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".amsterdam（页面不存在）">.amsterdam</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.amsterdam" class="extiw" title="en:.amsterdam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.amsterdam</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".bcn" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".bcn"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.bcn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".bcn（页面不存在）">.bcn</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bcn" class="extiw" title="en:.bcn"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.bcn</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".berlin" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".berlin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.berlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".berlin（页面不存在）">.berlin</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.berlin" class="extiw" title="en:.berlin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.berlin</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".brussels" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".brussels"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.brussels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".brussels（页面不存在）">.brussels</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.brussels" class="extiw" title="en:.brussels"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.brussels</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".bzh" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".bzh"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.bzh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".bzh（页面不存在）">.bzh</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bzh" class="extiw" title="en:.bzh"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.bzh</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".cymru" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".cymru"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.cymru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".cymru（页面不存在）">.cymru</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cymru" class="extiw" title="en:.cymru"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.cymru</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.eu" title=".eu">.eu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.eus" title=".eus">.eus</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".frl" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".frl"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.frl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".frl（页面不存在）">.frl</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.frl" class="extiw" title="en:.frl"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.frl</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".gal" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".gal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.gal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".gal（页面不存在）">.gal</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gal" class="extiw" title="en:.gal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.gal</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".gent" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".gent"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.gent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".gent（页面不存在）">.gent</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gent" class="extiw" title="en:.gent"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.gent</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".irish" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".irish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.irish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".irish（页面不存在）">.irish</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.irish" class="extiw" title="en:.irish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.irish</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".istanbul" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".istanbul"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.istanbul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".istanbul（页面不存在）">.ist</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.istanbul" class="extiw" title="en:.istanbul"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.istanbul</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li>.istanbul</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.kiwi" title=".kiwi">.kiwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="互联网顶级域列表">.krd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.lat" title=".lat">.lat</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".london" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".london"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.london&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".london（页面不存在）">.london</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.london" class="extiw" title="en:.london"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.london</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.au" title=".au">.melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="互联网顶级域列表">.miami</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".nyc" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".nyc"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.nyc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".nyc（页面不存在）">.nyc</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.nyc" class="extiw" title="en:.nyc"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.nyc</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".paris" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".paris"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".paris（页面不存在）">.paris</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.paris" class="extiw" title="en:.paris"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.paris</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".quebec" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".quebec"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.quebec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".quebec（页面不存在）">.quebec</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.quebec" class="extiw" title="en:.quebec"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.quebec</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".rio" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".rio"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.rio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".rio（页面不存在）">.rio</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.rio" class="extiw" title="en:.rio"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.rio</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".saarland" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".saarland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.saarland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".saarland（页面不存在）">.saarland</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.saarland" class="extiw" title="en:.saarland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.saarland</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".scot" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".scot"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.scot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".scot（页面不存在）">.scot</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.scot" class="extiw" title="en:.scot"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.scot</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.au" title=".au">.sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.taipei" title=".taipei">.taipei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.tokyo" title=".tokyo">.tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="互联网顶级域列表">.vegas</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".vlaanderen" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".vlaanderen"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.vlaanderen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".vlaanderen（页面不存在）">.vlaanderen</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.vlaanderen" class="extiw" title="en:.vlaanderen"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.vlaanderen</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".wales" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".wales"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".wales（页面不存在）">.wales</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.wales" class="extiw" title="en:.wales"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.wales</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".wien" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".wien"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.wien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".wien（页面不存在）">.wien</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.wien" class="extiw" title="en:.wien"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.wien</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">基础架构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.arpa" title=".arpa">.arpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">已删除/撤销</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.nato" title=".nato">.nato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="頂級域">保留域</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.example" title=".example">.example</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.invalid" title=".invalid">.invalid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.localhost" title=".localhost">.localhost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.test" title=".test">.test</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">.onion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AA%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F" title="伪顶级域">伪顶级域</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E5%B9%A3" title="名幣">.bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">.bitnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%BD%91" title="计算机科学网">.csnet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">.exit</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".local" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".local"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.local&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".local（页面不存在）">.local</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.local" class="extiw" title="en:.local"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.local</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">.onion</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".root" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".root"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.root&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".root（页面不存在）">.root</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.root" class="extiw" title="en:.root"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.root</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UUCP" title="UUCP">.uucp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7DNS%E6%A0%B9" title="替代性DNS根">.chn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="提议" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8F%90%E8%AE%AE%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="提议顶级域（页面不存在）">提议</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="GeoTLD" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="GeoTLD"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GeoTLD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GeoTLD（页面不存在）">地区</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoTLD" class="extiw" title="en:GeoTLD"><span lang="en" dir="auto">GeoTLD</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".africa" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".africa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".africa（页面不存在）">.africa</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.africa" class="extiw" title="en:.africa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.africa</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".bcn" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".bcn"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.bcn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".bcn（页面不存在）">.bcn</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bcn" class="extiw" title="en:.bcn"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.bcn</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".wales" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".wales"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".wales（页面不存在）">.wales</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.wales" class="extiw" title="en:.wales"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.wales</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.bg" title=".bg">.бг</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">语言和国籍</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".bzh" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".bzh"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.bzh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".bzh（页面不存在）">.bzh</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bzh" class="extiw" title="en:.bzh"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.bzh</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".cym" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".cym"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.cym&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".cym（页面不存在）">.cym</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cym" class="extiw" title="en:.cym"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.cym</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".cymru" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".cymru"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.cymru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".cymru（页面不存在）">.cymru</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cymru" class="extiw" title="en:.cymru"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.cymru</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".eng" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".eng"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.eng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".eng（页面不存在）">.eng</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.eng" class="extiw" title="en:.eng"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.eng</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PuntuLLI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PuntuLLI（页面不存在）">.lli</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".sic" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".sic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.sic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".sic（页面不存在）">.sic</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.sic" class="extiw" title="en:.sic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.sic</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".wales" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".wales"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".wales（页面不存在）">.wales</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.wales" class="extiw" title="en:.wales"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.wales</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.bg" title=".bg">.бг</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">技术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".geo" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".geo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.geo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".geo（页面不存在）">.geo</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.geo" class="extiw" title="en:.geo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.geo</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".mail" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".mail"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.mail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".mail（页面不存在）">.mail</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mail" class="extiw" title="en:.mail"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.mail</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".web" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".web"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.web&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".web（页面不存在）">.web</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.web" class="extiw" title="en:.web"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.web</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.free&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".free（页面不存在）">.free</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.kid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".kid（页面不存在）">.kid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.kids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".kids（页面不存在）">.kids</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".music" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".music"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".music（页面不存在）">.music</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.music" class="extiw" title="en:.music"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.music</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>另見：<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="國家和地區頂級域">國家和地區頂級域</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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