CINXE.COM
Koene R.A. Van Dijk - Google Scholar
<!doctype html><html><head><title>Koene R.A. Van Dijk - Google Scholar</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="referrer" content="always"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=2"><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico"><link rel="canonical" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&hl=en"><meta name="description" content="Pfizer - Cited by 8,543 - medical imaging - drug development - translational imaging biomarkers"><meta property="og:description" content="Pfizer - Cited by 8,543 - medical imaging - drug development - translational imaging biomarkers"><meta property="og:title" content="Koene R.A. Van Dijk"><meta property="og:image" content="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=medium_photo&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citpid=8"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><style>html,body,form,table,div,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,img,ol,ul,li,button{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-width:0;empty-cells:show;}html,body{height:100%}#gs_top{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;min-height:100%;min-width:964px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);}#gs_top>*:not(#x){-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(204,204,204,.5);}.gs_el_ph #gs_top,.gs_el_ta #gs_top{min-width:320px;}#gs_top.gs_nscl{position:fixed;width:100%;}body,td,input,button{font-size:13px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.24;}body{background:#fff;color:#222;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-moz-text-size-adjust:none;}.gs_gray{color:#777777}.gs_red{color:#dd4b39}.gs_grn{color:#006621}.gs_lil{font-size:11px}.gs_med{font-size:16px}.gs_hlt{font-weight:bold;}a:link{color:#1a0dab;text-decoration:none}a:visited{color:#660099;text-decoration:none}a:hover,a:hover .gs_lbl{text-decoration:underline}a:active,a:active .gs_lbl,a .gs_lbl:active{color:#d14836}.gs_el_tc a:hover,.gs_el_tc a:hover .gs_lbl{text-decoration:none}.gs_pfcs a:focus,.gs_pfcs button:focus,.gs_pfcs input:focus,.gs_pfcs label:focus{outline:none}.gs_a,.gs_a a:link,.gs_a a:visited{color:#006621}.gs_a a:active{color:#d14836}a.gs_fl:link,.gs_fl a:link{color:#1a0dab}a.gs_fl:visited,.gs_fl a:visited{color:#660099}a.gs_fl:active,.gs_fl a:active{color:#d14836}.gs_fl{color:#777777}.gs_ctc,.gs_ctu{vertical-align:middle;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold}.gs_ctc{color:#1a0dab}.gs_ctg,.gs_ctg2{font-size:13px;font-weight:bold}.gs_ctg{color:#1a0dab}a.gs_pda,.gs_pda a{padding:7px 0 5px 0}.gs_alrt{background:#f9edbe;border:1px solid #f0c36d;padding:0 16px;text-align:center;box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);border-radius:2px;}.gs_alrt:empty{display:none;}.gs_spc{display:inline-block;width:12px}.gs_br{width:0;font-size:0}.gs_ibl{display:inline-block;}.gs_scl:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both;}.gs_ind{padding-left:8px;text-indent:-8px}.gs_ico,.gs_icm{display:inline-block;background:no-repeat url(/intl/en/scholar/images/1x/sprite_20161020.png);background-position:-23px -161px;background-size:169px;width:21px;height:21px;}@media(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5),(min-resolution:144dpi){.gs_ico,.gs_icm{background-image:url(/intl/en/scholar/images/2x/sprite_20161020.png);}}.gs_el_ta .gs_nta,.gs_ota,.gs_el_ph .gs_nph,.gs_oph{display:none}.gs_el_ta .gs_ota,.gs_el_ph .gs_oph{display:inline}.gs_el_ta div.gs_ota,.gs_el_ph div.gs_oph{display:block}.gs_sth_g{visibility:hidden;max-height:0;}.gs_sth_vis .gs_sth_g{max-height:1000px;}.gs_sth_vis .gs_sth_b{position:fixed;top:0;}.gs_sth_trk .gs_sth_b{position:absolute;top:auto;}@keyframes gs_anm_spin{0%{transform:rotate(0deg);}100%{transform:rotate(360deg);}}.gs_invis{visibility:hidden;}.gs_rimg{display:block;background-color:#e5e5e5;border-radius:50%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;z-index:1;}.gs_rimg>img{position:absolute;margin:auto;left:0;top:0;bottom:0;right:0;}.gs_in_txtw{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;}.gs_in_txtb{display:block;}.gs_in_txt{color:#000;background-color:#fff;font-size:16px;box-sizing:border-box;height:29px;line-height:23px;border:1px solid #d9d9d9;border-top-color:#c0c0c0;padding:3px 6px 1px 8px;border-radius:1px;outline:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_txt{font-size:18px;}.gs_in_txtb .gs_in_txt{width:100%;}.gs_in_rnd .gs_in_txt{border-radius:14.5px;padding:3px 12px 1px 12px;}.gs_in_txt:hover{border-color:#b9b9b9;border-top-color:#a0a0a0;box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);}.gs_in_txte .gs_in_txt{border-color:#dd4b39;}.gs_in_txt:focus{border-color:#4d90fe;box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.3);}.gs_in_txt:disabled{color:#b8b8b8;border-color:#f1f1f1;box-shadow:none;}.gs_in_txtm .gs_in_txt{font-size:13px;height:24px;line-height:16px;padding:3px 6px;}.gs_in_txtm.gs_in_rnd .gs_in_txt{border-radius:12px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_txtm .gs_in_txt{height:29px;line-height:21px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_txtm.gs_in_rnd .gs_in_txt{border-radius:14.5px;}.gs_in_txtl .gs_in_txt{height:41px;padding:9px 43px;}.gs_in_txtl.gs_in_rnd .gs_in_txt{border-radius:20.5px;}.gs_in_txts{font-size:13px;line-height:18px;color:#666;}.gs_in_txts:not(:empty){margin-top:2px;}.gs_in_txte .gs_in_txts{color:#dd4b39;}button{position:relative;z-index:1;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:13px;cursor:pointer;height:29px;line-height:normal;min-width:72px;padding:0 8px;color:#444;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1);border-radius:3px;text-align:center;background-color:#f5f5f5;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;}button.gs_btn_rnd{border-radius:14px;padding:0 12px;}button.gs_btn_rnd.gs_btn_rndci{padding-left:4px;}button.gs_btn_lrge{height:41px;min-width:82px;padding:0 9px;}button.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_lrge_asym{padding-left:5px;padding-right:8px;}button.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_rnd{border-radius:20px;padding:0 16px;}button.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_rnd.gs_btn_rndci{padding-left:10px;}button.gs_btn_cir{border-radius:14.5px;min-width:29px;}button.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_cir{border-radius:20.5px;min-width:41px;}button.gs_btn_mini{padding:0;border:0;}.gs_el_ph button.gs_btn_mph,.gs_el_ta button.gs_btn_mta{height:41px;}button .gs_wr{position:relative;display:inline-block;width:100%;height:100%;}button .gs_wr:before{content:"";width:0;height:100%;}button .gs_wr:before,button .gs_ico,button .gs_rdt,button .gs_lbl,button .gs_icm{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;}button .gs_wr{font-size:13px;text-transform:none;}.gs_btn_lrge .gs_wr{font-size:15px;}.gs_btn_lsb .gs_wr{font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;}.gs_btn_lsu .gs_wr{font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;}.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_lsb .gs_wr,.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_lsu .gs_wr,.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_lrge_asym .gs_wr{font-size:13px;}.gs_btn_half,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_hta,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_hph{min-width:36px;}.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_half,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_hta,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_hph,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_mta,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_mph{min-width:41px;}.gs_btn_slt{border-radius:3px 0 0 3px;}.gs_btn_srt{margin-left:-1px;border-radius:0 3px 3px 0;}.gs_btn_smd{margin-left:-1px;border-radius:0;}button:hover{z-index:2;color:#222;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.2);background-color:#f8f8f8;}button.gs_sel{background-color:#dcdcdc;}button:active{z-index:2;background-color:#f1f1f1;}button:focus{z-index:2;}button::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0}button:-moz-focusring{outline:1px dotted ButtonText}.gs_pfcs button:-moz-focusring{outline:none}a.gs_in_ib{position:relative;display:inline-block;line-height:16px;padding:6px 0 7px 0;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;}a.gs_btn_lrge{height:40px;padding:0;}a.gs_in_bgcw{min-width:41px;}a.gs_btn_lrge.gs_in_bgcw:before{position:absolute;content:"";height:29px;width:29px;top:6px;left:6px;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgb(0,0,0,.4);border-radius:50%;}a.gs_in_bgcw:hover:before{background-color:#f5f5f5;}a.gs_in_bgcw:active:before{background-color:#e5e5e5;}a.gs_in_bgcw.gs_dis:before{background-color:#fff;}a.gs_in_ib .gs_lbl{display:inline-block;padding-left:21px;color:#222;}a.gs_in_ib.gs_in_gray .gs_lbl{color:#444;}a.gs_in_ib .gs_lbl:not(:empty){padding-left:29px;}button.gs_in_ib .gs_lbl:not(:empty){padding-left:4px;}a.gs_in_ib:active .gs_lbl,a.gs_in_ib .gs_lbl:active,a.gs_in_ib :active~.gs_lbl{color:#d14836;}.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_hta .gs_lbl,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_hph .gs_lbl,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_mta .gs_lbl,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_mph .gs_lbl,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_cta .gs_lbl,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_cph .gs_lbl{display:none;}a.gs_in_ib .gs_ico{position:absolute;top:3px;left:0;}.gs_in_ib.gs_md_li .gs_ico{left:14px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_ib.gs_md_li .gs_ico{top:11px;}.gs_in_ib.gs_md_li.gs_md_lix .gs_ico{top:10px;left:16px;}a.gs_btn_lrge .gs_ico{top:50%;left:50%;margin:-10.5px 0 0 -10.5px;}.gs_in_ib .gs_ico{opacity:.55;}.gs_in_ib:hover .gs_ico{opacity:.72;}.gs_in_ib:active .gs_ico,.gs_in_ib .gs_ico:active,.gs_in_ib :active~.gs_ico{opacity:1;}.gs_in_ib:disabled .gs_ico,.gs_in_ib.gs_dis .gs_ico{opacity:.28;}.gs_in_ib.gs_btn_act .gs_ico,.gs_in_ib.gs_btn_cre .gs_ico{opacity:1;}.gs_btn_act:disabled .gs_ico,.gs_btn_cre:disabled .gs_ico{opacity:.72;}.gs_rdt{position:relative;width:0;height:21px;}a.gs_in_ib .gs_rdt{left:21px;}.gs_rdt:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:1px;right:0;width:5px;height:5px;border:1px solid #fff;border-radius:50%;background-color:#dd4b39;}.gs_notf{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-left:8px;width:16px;line-height:16px;background-color:#d14836;border-radius:50%;color:#fff;text-align:center;font-size:9px;font-weight:bold;}.gs_notf:empty{display:none;}.gs_ind .gs_notf{text-indent:0;}button.gs_btn_flat{border-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;}button.gs_btn_olact{color:#4d90fe;background-color:transparent;}button.gs_btn_flat:hover,button.gs_btn_olact:hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.05);}button.gs_btn_flat:active,button.gs_btn_olact:active{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.1);}button.gs_btn_flat.gs_btn_flact{color:#1a0dab;}button.gs_btn_act{color:#fff;background-color:#4d90fe;}button.gs_btn_act:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#3983fe;}button.gs_btn_act.gs_sel{background-color:#2f6bcc;}button.gs_btn_act:active{background-color:#357ae8;}button.gs_btn_cre{color:#fff;background-color:#d14836;}button.gs_btn_cre:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#c53727;}button.gs_btn_cre.gs_sel{background-color:#992b1e;}button.gs_btn_cre:active{background-color:#b0281a;}button.gs_btn_hov_nobg:hover,button.gs_btn_hov_nobg:active{border:none;background:transparent;}button:disabled,button:disabled:hover,button:disabled:active{cursor:default;color:#b8b8b8;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.05);background-color:transparent;z-index:0;}button.gs_btn_flat:disabled{color:#b8b8b8;border-color:transparent;}button.gs_btn_act:disabled{color:#fff;background-color:#a6c8ff;}button.gs_btn_cre:disabled{color:#fff;background-color:#e8a49b;}a.gs_in_ib.gs_dis{cursor:default;pointer-events:none}a.gs_in_ib.gs_dis .gs_lbl{color:#b8b8b8;text-decoration:none}.gs_ttp{position:absolute;top:100%;right:50%;z-index:10;pointer-events:none;visibility:hidden;opacity:0;transition:visibility 0s .13s,opacity .13s ease-out;}button:hover .gs_ttp,button:focus .gs_ttp,a:hover .gs_ttp,a:focus .gs_ttp{transition:visibility 0s .3s,opacity .13s ease-in .3s;visibility:visible;opacity:1;}.gs_md_tb.gs_sel .gs_ttp{transition:none;visibility:hidden;}button.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_cir .gs_ttp{top:75%;}.gs_ttp .gs_aro,.gs_ttp .gs_aru{position:absolute;top:-2px;right:-5px;width:0;height:0;line-height:0;font-size:0;border:5px solid transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom-color:#595959;z-index:1;}.gs_ttp .gs_aro{top:-3px;right:-6px;border-width:6px;border-top:none;border-bottom-color:white;}.gs_ttp .gs_txt{display:block;position:relative;top:2px;right:-50%;padding:4px 6px;background:#595959;color:white;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:normal;white-space:nowrap;border:1px solid white;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:inset 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);}.gs_press,.gs_in_se,.gs_tan{touch-action:none;}.gs_in_se .gs_lbl:not(:empty){padding-right:14px;}.gs_in_se .gs_icm{position:absolute;top:50%;margin-top:-5.5px;right:0;width:7px;height:11px;background-position:-21px -88px;opacity:.55;}.gs_in_se:hover .gs_icm{opacity:.72;}.gs_in_se:active .gs_icm{opacity:1;}.gs_in_se:disabled .gs_icm{opacity:.28;}.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_hta .gs_icm,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_hph .gs_icm,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_mta .gs_icm,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_mph .gs_icm,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_cta .gs_icm,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_cph .gs_icm{display:none;}.gs_btn_mnu .gs_icm{margin-top:-3.5px;height:7px;background-position:0 -110px;}.gs_in_se.gs_btn_act .gs_icm,.gs_in_se.gs_btn_cre .gs_icm{margin-top:-3.5px;height:7px;background-position:-42px -44px;opacity:1;}.gs_btn_act:disabled .gs_icm,.gs_btn_cre:disabled .gs_icm{opacity:.72;}button.gs_btnG .gs_ico{width:21px;height:21px;background-position:-92px -253px;}button .gs_bs{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;margin-top:-10px;margin-left:-10px;box-sizing:border-box;width:20px;height:20px;border-radius:50%;border:2px solid #eee;border-top-color:#4d90fe;visibility:hidden;animation:gs_anm_spin .8s linear infinite;}button.gs_bsp .gs_bs{visibility:visible;transition:visibility 0s .4s;}.gs_md_d{text-transform:none;white-space:nowrap;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;border:1px solid #ccc;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.2);background:#fff;box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);z-index:1100;text-align:left;visibility:hidden;max-height:0;margin-top:-1000px;opacity:0;transition:opacity .13s,visibility 0s .13s,max-height 0s .13s,margin-top 0s .13s;}.gs_md_d.gs_vis{visibility:visible;max-height:10000px;margin-top:0;opacity:1;transition:all 0s;}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_d{transform-origin:100% 0;transform:scale(1,0);transition:opacity .218s ease-out,transform 0s .218s,visibility 0s .218s,max-height 0s .218s,margin-top 0s .218s;}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_d.gs_ttzi{transform-origin:50% 50%;transform:scale(0,0);}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_d.gs_ttzr{transform:scale(0,0);}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_d.gs_vis{transform:scale(1,1);transition:transform .218s ease-out;}.gs_md_r{position:relative;display:inline-block;}.gs_md_rmb>.gs_md_d{top:29px}.gs_md_rmbl>.gs_md_d{top:41px}.gs_md_ul{list-style-type:none;word-wrap:break-word;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;}.gs_md_ul.gs_md_ul_tb{display:block;}.gs_md_li,.gs_in_cb.gs_md_li,.gs_md_li:link,.gs_md_li:visited{display:block;padding:6px 44px 6px 16px;font-size:13px;line-height:16px;color:#222;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;position:relative;z-index:0;}a.gs_md_li:hover .gs_lbl,a.gs_md_li:active .gs_lbl{text-decoration:none}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_li{padding-top:14px;padding-bottom:10px;}.gs_md_li.gs_md_lix{font-size:16px;line-height:20px;padding:12px 16px 8px 16px;}.gs_md_li:before{content:"";background-color:#f1f1f1;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;opacity:0;transition:opacity .13s;z-index:-1;}.gs_md_li:hover:before,.gs_md_li:focus:before{opacity:1;transition:all 0s;}a.gs_in_ib.gs_md_li .gs_lbl{color:#222}a.gs_in_ib.gs_md_li.gs_in_gray .gs_lbl{color:#444}.gs_md_li:active:before{background-color:#ddd}.gs_md_li.gs_sel,a.gs_in_ib.gs_md_li.gs_sel .gs_lbl{color:#d14836}.gs_md_d:focus,.gs_md_li:focus{outline:none}a.gs_md_lix .gs_lbl,a.gs_md_lix .gs_lbl:not(:empty){padding:0 0 0 40px;}a.gs_in_cb:link,a.gs_in_cb:visited,a.gs_in_cb:active,a.gs_in_cb:hover{cursor:pointer;color:#222;text-decoration:none;}.gs_in_cb,.gs_in_ra{position:relative;line-height:16px;display:inline-block;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;}.gs_in_cb.gs_md_li{padding:6px 44px 6px 16px;}.gs_in_cb input,.gs_in_ra input{position:absolute;top:1px;left:1px;width:15px;height:15px;margin:0;padding:0;opacity:0;z-index:2;}.gs_in_ra input{top:0;left:0}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb input{top:9px}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_ra input{top:8px}.gs_in_cb.gs_in_cbj input{top:15px;left:15px}.gs_in_cb label,.gs_in_cb .gs_lbl,.gs_in_ra label{display:inline-block;padding-left:21px;min-height:16px;}.gs_in_ra_lrge{font-size:15px;}.gs_in_cb label:empty:before,.gs_in_cb .gs_lbl:empty:before,.gs_in_ra label:empty:before{content:"\200b";}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb label,.gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb .gs_lbl,.gs_el_tc .gs_in_ra label{padding-top:8px;padding-bottom:5px;}.gs_in_cb.gs_in_cbj label,.gs_in_cb.gs_in_cbj .gs_lbl{padding:13px 0 12px 41px;}.gs_in_cbb,.gs_in_cbb label,.gs_in_cbb .gs_lbl{display:block;}.gs_in_cb .gs_cbx,.gs_in_ra .gs_cbx{position:absolute}.gs_in_cb .gs_cbx{top:2px;left:2px;width:11px;height:11px;border:1px solid #c6c6c6;border-radius:1px;}.gs_md_li .gs_cbx{top:8px;left:18px}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb .gs_cbx{top:10px}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_li .gs_cbx{top:16px}.gs_in_cb.gs_in_cbj .gs_cbx{top:15px;left:15px}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_ra .gs_cbx{top:8px}.gs_in_ra .gs_cbx{top:0;left:0;border:1px solid #c6c6c6;width:13px;height:13px;border-radius:7px;}.gs_in_cb:hover .gs_cbx,.gs_in_ra:hover .gs_cbx{border-color:#666;box-shadow:inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.1);}button.gs_in_cb:hover .gs_cbx{border-color:#c6c6c6;}.gs_in_cb :focus~label,.gs_in_ra :focus~label{outline:1px dotted #222;}.gs_pfcs .gs_in_cb :focus~label,.gs_pfcs .gs_in_ra :focus~label{outline:none;}.gs_in_cb:active .gs_cbx,.gs_in_ra:active .gs_cbx,.gs_in_cb .gs_cbx:active,.gs_in_ra .gs_cbx:active,.gs_in_cb :active~.gs_cbx,.gs_in_ra :active~.gs_cbx{border-color:#666;background-color:#ebebeb;}button.gs_in_cb:active .gs_cbx{border-color:#a6a6a6;}.gs_in_cb :disabled~.gs_cbx,.gs_in_ra :disabled~.gs_cbx,button.gs_in_cb:disabled .gs_cbx{border-color:#f1f1f1;box-shadow:none;}.gs_in_cb :disabled~label,.gs_in_ra :disabled~label{color:#b8b8b8;}.gs_in_cb.gs_err .gs_cbx{border-color:#eda29b;}.gs_in_cb .gs_chk,.gs_in_ra .gs_chk{position:absolute;z-index:1;top:-3px;left:-2px;width:21px;height:21px;}.gs_md_li .gs_chk{top:3px;left:14px}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb .gs_chk{top:5px}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_li .gs_chk{top:11px}.gs_in_cb.gs_in_cbj .gs_chk{top:10px;left:11px}.gs_in_ra .gs_chk{top:4px;left:4px;width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:4px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_ra .gs_chk{top:12px}.gs_in_cb input:checked~.gs_chk,.gs_in_cb.gs_sel .gs_chk{background:no-repeat url(/intl/en/scholar/images/1x/sprite_20161020.png) -69px -67px;opacity:.62;}.gs_in_ra input:checked~.gs_chk{background-color:#666}.gs_in_cb.gs_par .gs_chk{background:no-repeat url(/intl/en/scholar/images/1x/sprite_20161020.png) -21px -44px;opacity:.55;}@media(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5),(min-resolution:144dpi){.gs_in_cb input:checked~.gs_chk,.gs_in_cb.gs_sel .gs_chk,.gs_in_cb.gs_par .gs_chk{background-image:url(/intl/en/scholar/images/2x/sprite_20161020.png);background-size:169px;}}.gs_in_cb input:checked:disabled~.gs_chk{opacity:.22}.gs_in_ra input:checked:disabled~.gs_chk{background-color:#f1f1f1}.gs_ico_x{background-position:-113px -22px;opacity:.55;}.gs_ico_x:hover{opacity:.72;}.gs_ico_x:active{opacity:1;}.gs_ico_X{background-position:-71px 0;opacity:.55;}.gs_ico_X:hover{opacity:.72;}.gs_ico_X:active{opacity:1;}.gs_btnX .gs_ico{background-position:-71px 0;}.gs_el_tc .gs_ico_Xt{background-origin:content-box;background-clip:content-box;padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;}.gs_ico_P{background-position:0 0;opacity:.55;}.gs_ico_P:hover{opacity:.72;}.gs_ico_P:active{opacity:1;}.gs_btnP .gs_ico{background-position:-21px 0;}.gs_btnC .gs_ico{background-position:0 -66px;}.gs_btnL .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -44px;}.gs_ico_LB{background-position:-50px -44px;height:16px;}.gs_btnJ .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -22px;}.gs_btnM .gs_ico{background-position:-92px 0;}.gs_btnMW .gs_ico{background-position:-21px -22px;}.gs_btnSB .gs_ico{background-position:0 -44px;}.gs_btnTSB .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -253px;}.gs_btnPL .gs_ico{background-position:-148px -66px;}.gs_btnPR .gs_ico{background-position:-21px -66px;}.gs_btnPLW .gs_ico{background-position:-0 -230px;}.gs_btnPRW .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -230px;}.gs_btnZI .gs_ico{background-position:-148px -22px;}.gs_btnZO .gs_ico{background-position:-127px -44px;}.gs_btnDE .gs_ico{background-position:-134px 0;}.gs_btnFI .gs_ico{background-position:-50px -66px;}.gs_btnAD .gs_ico{background-position:-141px -88px;opacity:.55;}.gs_btnAD:hover .gs_ico{opacity:.72;}.gs_btnAD:active .gs_ico,.gs_btnAD .gs_ico:active,.gs_btnAD :active~.gs_ico{opacity:1;}.gs_btnBA .gs_ico{background-position:-50px -22px;}.gs_btnADD .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -66px;}.gs_btnMRG .gs_ico{background-position:-113px 0;}.gs_btnLBL .gs_ico{background-position:0 -161px;}.gs_btnCNCL .gs_ico{background-position:-71px 0;}.gs_btnDWL .gs_ico{background-position:-28px -88px;}.gs_btnMNU .gs_ico{background-position:0 -88px;}.gs_btnMNT .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -161px;}.gs_btnALT .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -161px;}.gs_btnART .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -161px;}.gs_btnGSL .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -161px;}.gs_btnCLS .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -161px;}.gs_btnXBLU .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -253px;}.gs_btnSSB .gs_ico{background-position:0 -276px;}.gs_btnSSW .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -276px;}.gs_btnFLT .gs_ico{background-position:0 -184px;}.gs_btnXT .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -184px;}.gs_btnPD .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -184px;}.gs_btnPU .gs_ico {background-position:-92px -276px;}.gs_btnCP .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -184px;}.gs_btnTP .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -184px;}.gs_btnML .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -276px;}.gs_btnCHK .gs_ico{background-position:-71px -66px;}.gs_btnDNB .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -230px;}.gs_btnDNW .gs_ico{background-position:0 -207px;}.gs_btnACA .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -207px;}.gs_btnAPT .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -207px;}.gs_btnAPTW .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -230px;}.gs_btnAFL .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -207px;}.gs_btnAN .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -276px;}.gs_btnAI .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -276px;}.gs_btnPBL .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -207px;}.gs_btnUCT .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -207px;}.gs_btnVRF .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -207px;}.gs_btnLSI .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -230px;}.gs_btnLSG .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -230px;}.gs_btnMOR .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -253px;}.gs_btnADV .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -253px;}.gs_btnPRO .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -253px;}.gs_ico_star{background-position:-71px -44px;width:13px;height:13px;}.gs_btnPLSW .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -230px;}.gs_btnPDF .gs_ico{background-position:0 -253px;}.gs_btnS .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -276px;}.gs_btnUNS .gs_ico{background-position:0 -299px;}.gs_btnMORR .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -299px;}.gs_btnTW .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -299px;}.gs_btnIN .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -299px;}.gs_btnFB .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -299px;}.gs_btnET .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -299px;}.gs_btnARC .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -299px;}.gs_btnOL .gs_ico{background-position:0px -322px;}.gs_btnFA .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -322px;}.gs_btnFAD .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -322px;}.gs_btnHP .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -322px;}.gs_btnPLM .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -322px;}.gs_btnPRM .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -322px;}.gs_btnRN .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -322px;}.gs_btnVF .gs_ico{background-position:0px -345px;}.gs_btnVP .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -345px;}.gs_btnSRT .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -345px;}#gs_md_s.gs_hdr_drs{transition:opacity .15s,visibility 0s .15s;}#gs_md_s.gs_hdr_drs.gs_vis{transition:opacity .15s,visibility 0s;}.gs_el_tc #gs_md_s.gs_hdr_drs{transition:opacity .218s,visibility 0s .218s;}.gs_el_tc #gs_md_s.gs_hdr_drs.gs_vis{transition:opacity .218s,visibility 0s;}#gs_hdr_drw{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;height:100%;z-index:1200;visibility:hidden;overflow:auto;width:228px;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:2px 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.15);outline:none;transform:translate(-100%,0);transition:transform .15s ease-in-out,visibility 0s .15s;}#gs_hdr_drw.gs_vis{visibility:visible;transform:translate(0,0);transition:transform .15s ease-in-out,visibility 0s;}.gs_el_tc #gs_hdr_drw{transition:transform .3s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.6,1),visibility 0s .3s;}.gs_el_tc #gs_hdr_drw.gs_vis{transition:transform .225s cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1),visibility 0s;}#gs_top #gs_hdr_drw.gs_abt,#gs_top #gs_md_s.gs_abt{transition:none;}#gs_hdr_drw_in{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;min-height:100%;padding:0 0 8px 0;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_drw_in,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_drw_in{padding:0 0 65px 0;}#gs_hdr_drw_top{position:relative;height:63px;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;margin-bottom:8px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_drw_top,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_drw_top{height:57px;}#gs_hdr_drw_mnu,#gs_hdr_drw_lgo{position:absolute;top:0;height:100%;}#gs_hdr_drw_mnu{left:0;width:55px;}#gs_hdr_drw_lgo{left:56px;}.gs_hdr_drw_sec:before{display:block;content:" ";height:0;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;margin:8px 0;}.gs_hdr_drw_sec:first-child:before{display:none;}#gs_hdr_drw_bot{display:none;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_drw_bot,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_drw_bot{display:block;position:absolute;left:0;bottom:0;width:100%;height:65px;}#gs_hdr_drw_bot .gs_md_li:before{opacity:0;}#gs_hdr_drw_bot .gs_hdr_pp{display:block;position:absolute;bottom:14px;left:15px;pointer-events:none;}#gs_hdr_drw_bot .gs_lbl{display:block;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;}#gs_hdr{position:relative;height:63px;background-color:#f5f5f5;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;display:flex;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr{height:57px;}#gs_hdr_mnu,#gs_hdr_bck,#gs_hdr_lgo,#gs_hdr_lgt,#gs_hdr_md,#gs_hdr_sre,#gs_hdr_act{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;position:relative;height:100%;flex:0 0 auto;}#gs_hdr_md{flex:1 1 auto;}#gs_hdr .gs_hdr_mbo,#gs_hdr .gs_hdr_mbo,.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr .gs_hdr_dso,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr .gs_hdr_dso{display:none;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr .gs_hdr_mbo,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr .gs_hdr_mbo{display:inline-block;}#gs_hdr_mnu,#gs_hdr_bck,#gs_hdr_sre{width:55px;margin-right:1px;}#gs_hdr_lgo,#gs_hdr_drw_lgo{width:149px;background:no-repeat url('/intl/en/scholar/images/1x/scholar_logo_24dp.png') 0% 50%;background-size:149px;}@media(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5),(min-resolution:144dpi){#gs_hdr_lgo,#gs_hdr_drw_lgo{background-image:url('/intl/en/scholar/images/2x/scholar_logo_24dp.png');}}#gs_hdr_lgo{margin-right:31px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_lgo{margin-right:0;}#gs_hdr_lgt{min-width:164px;margin-right:16px;}#gs_hdr_lgt:empty{display:none;}#gs_hdr_md{margin-right:16px;min-width:1px;}#gs_hdr_lgt,#gs_hdr_md h1{padding:19px 0 0 0;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;font-size:20px;line-height:25px;font-weight:normal;color:#666;max-width:100%;text-align:left;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_md h1,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_md h1{padding:16px 0 0 0;}#gs_hdr_srch{padding:14px 0 0 0;max-width:600px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_srch,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_srch{padding:10px 0 0 0;max-width:none;}#gs_hdr_frm{position:relative;padding-right:39px;}#gs_hdr_tsi{height:38px;border-radius:2px 0 0 2px;}#gs_hdr_tsi::-ms-clear{display:none;}#gs_hdr_tsc{display:none;position:absolute;top:3px;right:41px;width:21px;height:21px;padding:6px 10px 7px 10px;}.gs_in_acw[dir="rtl"]~#gs_hdr_tsc{right:auto;left:1px;}#gs_hdr_tsb{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;width:40px;height:38px;border-radius:0 2px 2px 0;}#gs_hdr_frm_ac{top:37px;right:40px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_frm_ac{right:0;}.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_mnu,.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_bck,.gs_hdr_src #gs_hdr_srch,.gs_hdr_src #gs_hdr_lgt,.gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_sre,.gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_md h1,.gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_md h1.gs_hdr_mbo,.gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_md h1.gs_hdr_dso,.gs_el_ta .gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_lgo,.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_lgo,.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_mnu,.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_bck{display:none;}.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_md,.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_md{margin-left:16px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_hdr_tsc #gs_hdr_tsi[dir="ltr"]{padding-right:41px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_hdr_tsc #gs_hdr_tsi[dir="rtl"]{padding-left:41px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_hdr_tsc .gs_in_acw~#gs_hdr_tsc{display:block;}#gs_hdr_act{min-width:64px;max-width:200px;text-align:right;float:right;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act{display:none;}#gs_hdr_act_i,#gs_hdr_act_s{display:inline-block;padding:23px 24px 23px 16px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:13px;line-height:17px;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;color:#444;}#gs_hdr_act_s{text-transform:uppercase;}.gs_el_sm #gs_hdr_act_i,.gs_el_sm #gs_hdr_act_s{padding:23px 16px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act_i,.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act_s,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_i,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_s{padding:20px 16px;}#gs_hdr_act_i:active,#gs_hdr_act_s:active{color:#d14836;}#gs_hdr_act_i,.gs_el_sm #gs_hdr_act_i{padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:16px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act_i,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_i{padding-top:12px;padding-bottom:13px;}#gs_hdr_act_i .gs_hdr_pp{vertical-align:top;}#gs_hdr_act_d{top:63px;left:auto;right:24px;min-width:288px;max-width:400px;}.gs_el_sm #gs_hdr_act_d{right:16px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act_d{top:57px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_d{top:57px;min-width:280px;max-width:280px;max-width:90vw;}/* Account dialog body. */#gs_hdr_act_aw,#gs_hdr_act_ap,.gs_hdr_act_am,#gs_hdr_act_ab{display:block;padding:10px 20px;word-wrap:break-word;white-space:normal;}#gs_hdr_act_aw{background-color:#fef9db;font-size:11px;}#gs_hdr_act_ap,.gs_hdr_act_am{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;}#gs_hdr_act_ap{padding:20px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_ap{padding:10px;}#gs_hdr_act_apb{margin-top:12px;}#gs_hdr_act_aa:link,#gs_hdr_act_aa:visited{float:right;margin-left:8px;color:#1a0dab;}#gs_hdr_act_aa:active{color:#d14836}.gs_hdr_act_am:link,.gs_hdr_act_am:visited{color:#222;text-decoration:none;background:#fbfbfb;}.gs_hdr_act_am:hover,.gs_hdr_act_am:focus{background:#f1f1f1;}.gs_hdr_act_am:active{background:#eee;}#gs_hdr_act_ab{background:#fbfbfb;padding:10px 0;display:table;width:100%;white-space:nowrap;}#gs_hdr_act_aba,#gs_hdr_act_abs{display:table-cell;padding:0 20px;}#gs_hdr_act_abs{text-align:right;}.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_aba,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_abs{display:block;padding:10px;text-align:center;}.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_aba button,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_abs button{width:100%;}#gs_hdr_act_a1,#gs_hdr_act_a2{position:absolute;top:-9px;right:7.5px;width:0;height:0;z-index:1;border:8.5px solid transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom-color:#333;border-bottom-color:rgba(0,0,0,.2);}#gs_hdr_act_a2{top:-8px;border-bottom-color:#fff;}.gs_hdr_act_mw #gs_hdr_act_a2{border-bottom-color:#fef9db;}.gs_hdr_pp{border-radius:50%;overflow:hidden;}#gs_hdr_act_ap .gs_hdr_pp,.gs_hdr_act_am .gs_hdr_pp{float:left;}#gs_hdr_act_ap .gs_hdr_pm{margin-left:116px;}.gs_hdr_act_am .gs_hdr_pm{margin:6px 0 0 58px;}#gs_ab{position:relative;height:41px;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;display:flex;white-space:nowrap;background-color:#fff;z-index:1000;}.gs_el_ta #gs_ab.gs_nta,.gs_el_ph #gs_ab.gs_nph{display:none;}.gs_sth_vis #gs_ab{position:fixed;}#gs_ab_ico,#gs_ab_ttl,#gs_ab_md,#gs_ab_btns{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;position:relative;height:100%;flex:0 0 auto;}.gs_el_ph #gs_ab_md{display:block;}#gs_ab_ico{width:55px;margin-right:1px;}#gs_ab_ico .gs_ico{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;margin:-10.5px 0 0 -10.5px;}#gs_ab_ttl{min-width:172px;padding-right:8px;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ab_ttl{min-width:68px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_ab_ttl,.gs_el_ph #gs_ab_ttl{min-width:0;}#gs_ab_ttl,#gs_ab_ttll{font-size:18px;color:#666;text-transform:none;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ab_ttl,.gs_el_sm #gs_ab_ttll{font-size:16px;}#gs_ab_ttll{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;max-width:200px;}#gs_ab_md{flex:1 0 auto;}.gs_ab_st #gs_ab_md{flex:1 1 auto;font-size:13px;line-height:17px;padding:0 8px;color:#999;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;}.gs_el_ph .gs_ab_st #gs_ab_md{visibility:hidden;padding:0;}#gs_ab_btns{margin-right:8px;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ab_btns{margin-right:0;}.gs_el_ta #gs_ab_btns,.gs_el_ph #gs_ab_btns{margin-right:4px;}#gs_ab_ttl:before,#gs_ab_md:before,#gs_ab_btns:before{content:"";display:inline-block;width:0;height:100%;vertical-align:middle;}#gs_ab_md>button,#gs_ab_btns>button,#gs_ab_md>.gs_in_ib,#gs_ab_btns>.gs_in_ib,#gs_ab_md>.gs_md_r,#gs_ab_btns>.gs_md_r,#gs_ab .gs_ab_mdw,#gs_ab .gs_ab_btw{margin:0 8px;vertical-align:middle;}#gs_ab .gs_ab_mdw,.gs_ab_btw{display:inline-block;margin:0;}#gs_ab_btns>.gs_in_ib{margin:0 16px 0 8px;}#gs_ab .gs_ab_btw{margin:0 12px 0 16px;}.gs_el_ta .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_ico,.gs_el_ph .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_ico,.gs_el_ta .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_ttl,.gs_el_ph .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_ttl,.gs_el_ta .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_btns,.gs_el_ph .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_btns{display:none;}#gs_bdy{display:table;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;}#gs_bdy_sb{vertical-align:top;width:228px;word-wrap:break-word;display:none;}.gs_el_sm #gs_bdy_sb{}.gs_el_ta #gs_bdy_sb,.gs_el_ph #gs_bdy_sb{}.gs_bdy_sb_sec{margin:0 40px 0 56px;}.gs_bdy_sb_sec:before{display:block;content:" ";height:0;margin:13px 0;border-top:1px solid #eee;}.gs_bdy_sb_sec:first-child:before{margin:21px 0 0 0;border:none;}#gs_bdy_sb ul{list-style-type:none;}.gs_bdy_sb_sec a:link,.gs_bdy_sb_sec a:visited{color:#222;}.gs_bdy_sb_sec a:active{color:#d14836;}.gs_bdy_sb_sel a:link,.gs_bdy_sb_sel a:visited{color:#d14836;text-decoration:none;}.gs_el_tc .gs_bdy_sb_sec li.gs_ind,.gs_el_tc .gs_bdy_sb_sec li.gs_ind a{padding-top:8px;padding-bottom:5px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_bdy_sb_sec:first-child li.gs_ind:first-child{margin-top:-8px;}#gs_bdy_sb .gs_ind,#gs_bdy_sb .gs_inw{margin-bottom:6px;}.gs_el_tc #gs_bdy_sb .gs_ind,.gs_el_tc #gs_bdy_sb .gs_inw{margin-bottom:0;}#gs_bdy_ccl{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top;padding:0 24px 0 16px;}.gs_el_sm #gs_bdy_ccl{padding:0 16px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_bdy_ccl,.gs_el_ph #gs_bdy_ccl{padding:0 16px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_bdy_ccl{padding:0;}#gs_ftr_sp{height:62px;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ftr_sp{height:57px;}#gs_ftr{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;white-space:nowrap;border-top:1px solid #e4e4e4;background-color:#f2f2f2;display:flex;}#gs_ftr.gs_pfix{position:fixed;}#gs_ftr_rt{box-sizing:border-box;max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;margin-left:auto;padding:0 12px;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ftr_rt{padding:0 8px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_ftr_rt:after{content:" ";position:absolute;top:0;right:0;width:16px;height:100%;background-image:linear-gradient(to right,rgba(242,242,242,0),rgba(242,242,242,1) 80%);}#gs_ftr_rt>a{display:inline-block;line-height:16px;padding:12px;white-space:nowrap;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ftr_rt>a{padding:12px 8px;}#gs_ftr_rt>a:link,#gs_ftr_rt>a:visited{color:#666}#gs_ftr_rt>a:active{color:#d14836}#gs_ftr_mnu{top:auto;bottom:48px;left:auto;right:24px;padding:8px 0;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ftr_mnu{right:16px;}#gsc_a_t{width:100%;table-layout:fixed;}#gsc_a_tr0,#gsc_a_trh{box-sizing:border-box;}#gsc_a_tr0 th.gsc_a_x,#gsc_a_tr0 th.gsc_a_t,#gsc_a_tr0 th.gsc_a_c,#gsc_a_tr0 th.gsc_a_y{height:0;}#gsc_a_trh{z-index:700;background-color:#f5f5f5;height:42px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_a_trh,.gs_el_ph #gsc_a_trh,.gs_el_ta #gsc_a_t td,.gs_el_ph #gsc_a_t td{background-color:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;}#gsc_a_t th.gsc_a_x,#gsc_a_t th.gsc_a_t,#gsc_a_t th.gsc_a_c,#gsc_a_t th.gsc_a_y{box-sizing:border-box;text-transform:uppercase;vertical-align:middle;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;}#gsc_x_all{z-index:1;}.gsc_a_x,.gsc_a_t,.gsc_a_c,.gsc_a_y,.gsc_a_e{font-weight:normal;padding:16px 16px 0 16px;vertical-align:top;text-align:right;}.gsc_a_c{padding:16px 8px 0 8px;}.gs_el_sm .gsc_a_x,.gs_el_sm .gsc_a_t,.gs_el_sm .gsc_a_c{padding:12px 8px 0 8px;}.gs_el_ta .gsc_a_x,.gs_el_ta .gsc_a_t,.gs_el_ta .gsc_a_c,.gs_el_ph .gsc_a_x,.gs_el_ph .gsc_a_t,.gs_el_ph .gsc_a_c{padding:12px 8px;}.gs_el_sm .gsc_a_y{padding:12px 8px 0 8px;}.gs_el_ta .gsc_a_y{padding-bottom:12px;}.gsc_a_x{width:41px;padding:4px 0 0 0;}.gs_el_sm .gsc_a_x{padding:0;}.gsc_a_t{text-align:left;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_a_t{padding-left:16px;}#gsc_a_ta{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:16px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_a_ta{display:none}.gs_el_ph .gsc_a_c{padding-right:16px;}th.gsc_a_c{width:64px;white-space:nowrap;}.gsc_art_sel #gsc_a_ta,.gsc_art_sel #gsc_a_ca,.gsc_art_sel .gsc_a_h{display:none;}.gsc_a_ac,.gsc_a_hc{margin-top:3px;}th.gsc_a_y{width:88px;white-space:nowrap;}.gs_el_sm th.gsc_a_y{width:58px;}.gs_el_ph th.gsc_a_y,.gs_el_ph td.gsc_a_y{width:0;padding:0;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_a_h{display:none}@media print{#gs_top th.gsc_a_y{width:58pt;}#gs_top #gsc_a_tr0{display:none}#gs_top #gsc_a_trh{position:static}}.gsc_a_e{padding:16px;text-align:center;}.gsc_a_a{padding:8px 0}.gsc_a_at{padding:8px 0;font-size:16px}a.gsc_a_acm{text-decoration:line-through;}a.gsc_a_acm:hover,a.gs_a_acm:active{text-decoration:underline;}.gsc_a_m{position:absolute;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_a_m{display:block;position:static;}.gsc_a_am{font-size:24px;position:absolute;top:-18px;left:-2px;padding:8px 12px 4px 8px;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_a_am{display:inline-block;position:static;padding:6px 16px;margin-bottom:-6px;}#gsc_a_sp{visibility:hidden;}#gsc_a_sp.gs_vis{visibility:visible;padding:16px 0;height:25px;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;}#gsc_a_sp:after{display:block;height:100%;content:" ";background:url('/intl/en/scholar/images/spinner.gif') no-repeat 50% 50%;opacity:0;}#gsc_a_sp.gs_vis:after{opacity:1;transition:opacity 0s .4s;}#gsc_a_err{display:none;padding:28px 0;}#gsc_a_err.gs_vis{display:block;}#gsc_md_iad{width:800px;max-width:94%;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_md_iad{width:100%;max-width:100%;}#gsc_md_iad .gs_md_prg{min-height:400px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_iads_res .gs_md_prg{margin:0 16px;}#gsc_iad_tart,.gsc_iad_tsel.gsc_iad_tart #gsc_iad_tart,.gsc_iad_tart #gsc_iad_tgrp,.gsc_iad_tsel #gsc_iad_tgrp,#gsc_iad_tsel,#gsc_napb_hdr #gsc_iad_tart,#gsc_napb_hdr #gsc_iad_tgrp{display:none;}#gsc_iad_tgrp,.gsc_iad_tart #gsc_iad_tart,.gsc_iad_tsel #gsc_iad_tsel,#gsc_napb_hdr #gsc_iad_tsel{display:inline-block;}#gsc_iad_t:not(.gsc_iad_tsel) #gsc_iad_tsel{pointer-events:none;color:#b5b5b5;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_napb #gsc_iads_frm{margin:0 16px;}#gsc_iads_res{position:relative;margin:16px 0;min-height:80px;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_md_iad #gsc_iads_res{margin:8px -16px 16px -16px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_napb #gsc_iads_pp{margin-right:16px;}#gsc_iads_btns{height:38px;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:20px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_iads_btns{margin-top:16px;}a.gsc_iads_btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;height:38px;padding:0 12px;color:#777;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_iads_btn{padding:0 16px;}a.gsc_iads_btn.gs_sel{border-bottom:2px solid #4d90fe;color:#222;}a.gsc_iads_btn.gs_dis{cursor:default;pointer-events:none;color:#b8b8b8;}.gsc_iads_btn:hover{text-decoration:none;color:#444;background-color:#f5f5f5;}.gsc_iads_btn:active{background-color:#e5e5e5;}a.gsc_iads_btn .gs_ico{opacity:.55;}a.gsc_iads_btn:hover .gs_ico{opacity:.72;}a.gsc_iads_btn.gs_sel .gs_ico,a.gsc_iads_btn:active .gs_ico{opacity:1;}a.gsc_iads_btn.gs_dis .gs_ico{opacity:.28;}.gsc_iads_btn_lbl{padding-left:10px;margin-bottom:-2px;}#gsc_iadb_hdr{display:table;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;}#gsc_iadb_hdr_cb,#gsc_iadb_hdr_instr{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;height:41px;}#gsc_iadb_hdr_cb{width:41px;}#gsc_iadb_hdr_cb:empty{width:0;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_iadb_hdr_cb:empty{width:16px;}#gsc_iadb_hdr_instr{font-size:16px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_iadb_hdr_instr{padding-right:16px;}#gsc_iadb_hdr_cb:empty,.gs_el_ph #gsc_iadb_hdr_cb:empty,#gsc_iadb_hdr_instr:empty{height:0;}.gsc_oic{position:relative;}.gsc_oic_cb{font-weight:normal;border-top:1px solid #e5e5e5;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;background-color:#fcfcfc;padding-right:16px;}.gsc_oict{display:block;overflow:hidden;}.gsc_oict_name{display:block;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;word-wrap:break-word;}.gsc_oict_inf{display:block;float:right;margin-left:16px;white-space:nowrap;}.gsc_oict_all,.gsc_oict_prf{font-size:13px;text-transform:uppercase;line-height:20px;}.gsc_oict_all[data-a]{color:#1a0dab;cursor:pointer;}.gsc_oict_all[data-a]:hover{text-decoration:underline;}.gsc_oict_all[data-a]:active{color:#d14836;}.gsc_oict_prf{padding-left:8px;margin-left:8px;border-left:1px solid #e0e0e0;}.gsc_oict_prf:empty{display:none;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_oict_all,.gs_el_ph .gsc_oict_prf{float:right;clear:both;margin:0;padding:0;border:none;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_oict_prf{margin-top:2px;}.gsc_oic_res{margin:8px 0 12px 41px;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_oic_res{margin-right:16px;}.gsc_oic_res h4{font-size:13px;font-weight:normal;}.gsc_oic_dis .gsc_oic_name,.gsc_oic_dis .gsc_oic_all,.gsc_oic_dis .gsc_oic_prf{color:#777;}.gsc_oic_dis .gsc_oict_all[data-a]{color:#1a0dab;opacity:.66;}.gsc_oic_dis .gsc_oic_res{opacity:.5;}.gsc_iadb_art{border-top:1px solid #e5e5e5;overflow:hidden;}.gsc_iadb_art_cb{float:left;}.gsc_iadb_art_added{float:right;margin:12px;font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#777;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_iadb_art_added{display:block;float:none;text-align:right;margin:8px 16px;}.gsc_iadb_art_added:empty{display:none;}.gsc_iadb_art_body{margin:12px 0 12px 41px;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_iadb_art_body{margin:12px 16px 12px 41px;}.gsc_iadb_art_body h3{font-size:13px;font-weight:normal;}.gsc_iadb_art_dis .gsc_iadb_art_body{opacity:.5;}#gsc_md_mopt,#gsc_md_cbyd,#gsc_md_cbym{width:600px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_md_mopt,.gs_el_ta #gsc_md_cbyd,.gs_el_ta #gsc_md_cbym{width:500px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_md_mopt,.gs_el_ph #gsc_md_cbyd,.gs_el_ph #gsc_md_cbym{width:100%;}.gsc_mob_art{vertical-align:top;padding:8px 0;}.gs_el_tc .gsc_mob_art>.gs_in_ra{margin-top:-8px;}.gsc_mob_cby{vertical-align:top;text-align:right;padding:8px 12px;position:relative;}.gsc_mob_ttl,.gsc_mob_pub{display:block;}.gsc_mob_pub{color:#666;}.gsc_mob_cbym{text-decoration:line-through}.gsc_mob_cbm{font-size:24px;position:absolute;padding:4px 0 0 4px;line-height:16px;}.gs_fsvg line{stroke:#222222}a:link .gs_fsvg{fill:#1a0dab;}a:link .gs_fsvg line{stroke:#1a0dab;}a:visited .gs_fsvg{fill:#660099;}a:visited .gs_fsvg line{stroke:#660099;}a:active .gs_fsvg{fill:#d14836;}a:active .gs_fsvg line{stroke:#d14836;}a .gs_fsvg{border-bottom:1px solid transparent;}a:hover .gs_fsvg,a:focus .gs_fsvg{border-bottom-color:inherit;}.gs_fsml{font-size:13px}.gs_fscp{font-variant:small-caps}.gsh_clim{display:table-row}.gsh_clil,.gsh_clic{display:table-cell;padding-bottom:8px}.gsh_clil{padding-right:8px;}.gsh_lla{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.gsh_lua{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.gsh_llr{list-style-type:lower-roman}.gsh_lur{list-style-type:upper-roman}.gsh_l>li{margin-left:32px;}.gs_fma .gsh_l>li{margin-left:16px;}.gsh_h3{font-size:inherit;font-weight:normal}.gsh_h3,.gsh_csp{margin:16px 0}.gsh_h3+.gsh_csp{margin-top:-8px}.gs_fma .gsh_h3{margin:12px 0 0 0;font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;}.gs_fma_abs .gsh_csp{margin:0 0 12px 0;}.gs_fma b,.gs_fma .gsh_h3{color:#444;}.gs_fma .gsh_h3+.gsh_csp{margin:4px 0 0 0;}.gs_fma .gsh_csp:last-child,.gs_fma .gsh_h3.gsh_flh{margin:0;}.gs_fma ul .gsh_clim:last-child .gsh_clic{padding-bottom:0;}.gs_fma ul,.gs_fma ol{margin:12px 0;}.gsh_ovln{text-decoration:overline}.gsh_small .gsh_l .gsh_csp{margin:8px 0}.gsh_small .gsh_csp:first-child,.gsh_small .gsh_h3.gsh_flh{margin-top:0}.gsh_small .gsh_csp:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.gsh_dspfr{text-align:center}.gsh_dspfr svg{margin:8px 0}.gs_pp_tn,.gs_el_ta .gs_pp_mo_tn,.gs_el_ph .gs_pp_mo_tn{width:32px;height:32px;}.gs_pp_sm,.gs_el_ta .gs_pp_mo_sm,.gs_el_ph .gs_pp_mo_sm{width:56px;height:56px;}.gs_pp_nm,.gs_el_ta .gs_pp_mo_nm,.gs_el_ph .gs_pp_mo_nm{width:128px;height:128px;}.gs_ai_pho{float:left;}.gs_ai_t{margin-left:72px;}.gs_ai_pho_pst+.gs_ai_t{margin-left:48px;}.gs_ai_t.gs_ai_pss{margin-left:64px;}.gs_ai_pho_pst+.gs_ai_t.gs_ai_pss{margin-left:40px;}.gs_ai_name{font-size:17px;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:4px;}.gs_ai_name a{padding:6px 0 4px 0;}.gs_ai_name.gs_ai_name_nlsb{font-size:15px;}.gs_ai_name.gs_ai_name_nlsb a:link,.gs_ai_name.gs_ai_name_nlsb a:visited{padding:7px 0 5px 0; color:#222;}.gs_ai_name.gs_ai_name_nlsb a:active{color:#d14836;}.gs_ai_on{margin-bottom:4px;}.gs_ai_on_lbl{color:#777;}.gs_ai_int{margin-top:5px;}.gs_ai_eml:empty,.gs_ai_int:empty,.gs_ai_cby:empty{display:none;}.gs_ai_one_int{vertical-align:top;font-size:13px;margin-right:8px;white-space:nowrap;display:inline-block;max-width:200px;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;}.gs_el_tc a.gs_ai_one_int{padding:8px 0 5px 0;}.gs_el_ph .gs_ai_eml,.gs_el_ph .gs_ai_cby{margin-top:8px;}.gs_ai_ilnl .gs_ai_int,.gs_ai_ilnl .gs_ai_cby{margin-top:8px;color:#666;}.gs_ai.gs_ai_chpr{position:relative;}.gs_ai_chpr .gs_ai_t{margin-right:276px;}.gs_el_sm .gs_ai_chpr .gs_ai_t{margin-right:156px;}.gs_el_ph .gs_ai_chpr .gs_ai_t{margin-right:0;}.gs_ai_chpr .gs_ai_cby{position:absolute;top:4px;right:0;text-align:right;}.gs_el_sm .gs_ai_chpr .gs_ai_cby,.gs_el_ta .gs_ai_chpr .gs_ai_cby{width:132px;word-wrap:break-word;}.gs_el_ph .gs_ai_chpr .gs_ai_cby{text-align:left;position:static;width:auto;}#gsc_bdy{position:relative;max-width:1200px;margin:0 auto;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_bdy,.gs_el_ta #gsc_bdy{display:flex;flex-flow:column;}.gsc_lcl{position:relative;margin:0 350px 0 0;order:3;}.gs_el_sm .gsc_lcl{margin-right:334px;}.gs_el_ta .gsc_lcl,.gs_el_ph .gsc_lcl{margin:0;}#gsc_prf_t_wrp{position:relative;order:2;overflow:hidden;}.gs_el_tc #gsc_prf_t_wrp:after{display:block;content:"";position:absolute;z-index:100;top:0;right:0;width:12px;height:100%;background-image:linear-gradient(to right,rgba(247,247,247,0),rgba(247,247,247,1) 80%);}#gsc_prf_t{width:100%;background-color:#f5f5f5;display:none;white-space:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;padding:0 4px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_prf_t,.gs_el_ph #gsc_prf_t{display:block;}#gsc_prf_t:after{content:"\00A0";padding:0 4px;}.gsc_prf_tab,.gsc_prf_tab:link{font-size:13px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:13px 12px;display:inline-block;color:#666;cursor:pointer;}.gsc_prf_tab:hover{color:#000;text-decoration:none}.gsc_prf_tab:active{color:#4d90fe;}.gsc_prf_tab[aria-selected="true"]{border-bottom:2px solid #4d90fe;color:#0461f9;cursor:default;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_art,.gs_el_ph #gsc_art,.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb_cit,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb_cit,.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb_mnd,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb_mnd,.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb_awd,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb_awd,.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb_co,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb_co{display:none;}#gsc_bdy[data-tab="gsc_prf_t-art"] #gsc_art,#gsc_bdy[data-tab="gsc_prf_t-cit"] #gsc_rsb_cit,#gsc_bdy[data-tab="gsc_prf_t-mnd"] #gsc_rsb_mnd,#gsc_bdy[data-tab="gsc_prf_t-awd"] #gsc_rsb_awd,#gsc_bdy[data-tab="gsc_prf_t-ath"] #gsc_rsb_co{display:block;}.gsc_rsb{float:right;width:317px;order:4;border-left:1px solid #eee;margin-top:32px;}.gs_el_sm .gsc_rsb{margin-top:16px;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_rsb,.gs_el_ta .gsc_rsb{float:none;width:auto;border:none;margin:0;}.gsc_rsb_s{margin:0 0 48px 16px;position:relative;}.gs_el_sm .gsc_rsb_s{margin:0 0 32px 16px;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_rsb_s,.gs_el_ta .gsc_rsb_s{margin:0;}.gsc_rsb_s:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}.gsc_rsb_header{padding:8px 8px 12px 8px;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;font-weight:normal;font-size:15px;}.gs_el_sm .gsc_rsb_header{padding:4px 8px 9px 8px;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_rsb_header,.gs_el_ta .gsc_rsb_header{display:none;}.gsc_rsb_action{position:absolute;top:-3px;right:-2px;}.gs_el_sm .gsc_rsb_action{top:-8px;}.gsc_rsb_tap{display:block;position:absolute;right:2px;top:12px;opacity:.5;z-index:1;}.gs_el_ta .gsc_rsb_tap,.gs_el_ph .gsc_rsb_tap{top:24px;right:10px;}.gsc_rsb_hm{border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;padding:3px 6px;}#gsc_rsb_gpl{display:block;margin-top:3px;padding:6px 16px;line-height:15px;color:#0461f9;border:1px solid #4d90fe;border-radius:2px;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;}.gs_el_sm #gsc_rsb_gpl{margin-top:0;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb_gpl,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb_gpl{display:none;}#gsc_rsb_st{width:100%;}.gsc_rsb_std{text-align:right;padding-right:8px;}.gs_el_ta .gsc_rsb_std,.gs_el_ph .gsc_rsb_std{padding-right:16px;}.gsc_rsb_sc1{text-align:left;padding:2px 8px;}.gs_el_sm .gsc_rsb_sc1{padding:0 8px;}.gs_el_ta .gsc_rsb_sc1,.gs_el_ph .gsc_rsb_sc1{padding:4px 16px;}.gsc_rsb_sth{font-weight:normal;padding:8px 8px 8px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;text-align:right;}.gs_el_sm .gsc_rsb_sth{padding:4px 8px 4px 0;}.gs_el_ta .gsc_rsb_sth,.gs_el_ph .gsc_rsb_sth{padding:16px 16px 16px 0;}#gsc_rsb_st tbody:before,#gsc_rsb_st tbody:after{content:'';display:block;height:8px;}.gs_el_sm #gsc_rsb_st tbody:before,.gs_el_sm #gsc_rsb_st tbody:after{height:4px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_hist_opn,.gs_el_ta #gsc_hist_opn{display:none;}.gsc_rsb_f{max-width:118px;word-wrap:break-word;white-space:normal;}.gs_el_ta .gsc_rsb_f{max-width:none;}.gsc_rsb_f:link,.gsc_rsb_f:visited{color:#222;}.gsc_rsb_m_na{color:#dd4b39;}.gsc_rsb_m_a{color:#006621;float:right;position:relative;}.gsc_rsb_m_bar{width:100%;height:4px;margin:8px 0 8px 0;background:#006621;}.gsc_rsb_m_bar_na{background:#dd4b39;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:1;}.gsc_rsb_m{padding:8px;}.gs_el_ta .gsc_rsb_m,.gs_el_ph .gsc_rsb_m{padding:8px 16px;}.gsc_rsb_m_desc{padding-top:16px;color:#777;}.gsc_rsb_m_s{font-size:24px;position:absolute;line-height:0.3;}#gsc_lwp_mndt_lnk{text-transform:uppercase;margin-left:16px;margin-right:-9px;text-align:right;font-size:13px;padding:12px 9px;border-radius:3px;}#gsc_lwp_mndt_lnk:hover,#gsc_lwp_mndt_lnk:active,#gsc_lwp_mndt_lnk:visited{text-decoration:none;color:#1a0dab;}#gsc_lwp_mndt_lnk:hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.05);}#gsc_lwp_mndt_lnk:active{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.1);}.gsc_rsb_m_title{padding-bottom:12px;}.gsc_rsb_m_header{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:space-between;padding:0 8px;}.gs_el_sm .gsc_rsb_m_header{padding:0 8px;}.gsc_rsb_hmv{text-align:center;padding-top:16px;}.gsc_rsb_a{list-style:none;}.gsc_rsb_a>li{position:relative;}.gs_el_ta .gsc_rsb_a>li,.gs_el_ph .gsc_rsb_a>li{border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;}.gsc_rsb_a>li:first-child{margin-top:8px;}.gsc_rsb_a_pht{float:left;width:32px;height:32px;}.gsc_rsb_a_desc{margin:0 33px 0 48px;min-height:32px;display:block;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_rsb_a_desc,.gs_el_ta .gsc_rsb_a_desc{margin:0 33px 0 64px;min-height:56px;}.gsc_rsb_a_desc a{color:#222;}.gsc_rsb_a_ext{display:block;color:#777;font-size:13px;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_rsb_a_ext,.gs_el_ta .gsc_rsb_a_ext{white-space:normal;}.gsc_rsb_a_ext2{display:none;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_rsb_a_ext2,.gs_el_ta .gsc_rsb_a_ext2{display:block;}.gsc_rsb_aa{display:block;padding:8px;line-height:normal;cursor:pointer;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_rsb_aa,.gs_el_ta .gsc_rsb_aa{font-size:17px;padding:12px 16px;}.gsc_rsb_aa:hover,.gsc_rsb_aa:active{text-decoration:none;background:#f1f1f1;}.gsc_rsb_aa a:hover{text-decoration:none;}#gsc_prf_w{order:1;padding:32px 0;overflow:hidden;}.gs_el_sm #gsc_prf_w{padding:16px 0;}#gsc_prf_pu{float:left;width:128px;height:128px;text-align:center;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_prf_pu{float:none;width:100%;margin:0 0 12px 0;}#gsc_prf_pua{line-height:0;width:128px;height:128px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_prf_pua{margin:0 16px;}#gsc_prf_pufi{width:0;height:0;overflow:hidden;}.gsc_prf_pufo #gsc_prf_pufi{width:auto;height:auto;overflow:visible;position:relative;z-index:10;}.gsc_prf_pufo #gsc_prf_pufi2{display:inline-block;background:#fcfcfc;padding:8px 8px 8px 0;}.gsc_prf_puic{position:absolute;bottom:0;width:100%;padding:8px 0;background-color:#000;opacity:.6;}.gsc_prf_pel{cursor:pointer;}#gsc_prf_i{margin:0 16px 0 160px;}.gs_el_sm #gsc_prf_i{margin:0 16px 0 144px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_prf_i{margin:0 16px;}a.gsc_prf_btn{position:relative;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;height:29px;line-height:normal;text-align:center;padding:0 8px;color:#444;font-weight:normal;font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;}a.gsc_prf_btn:before{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:-1;content:"";border-radius:3px;}.gsc_prf_btn .gs_ico{opacity:.55;}.gsc_prf_btn:hover .gs_ico{opacity:.72;}.gsc_prf_btn_act .gs_ico,.gsc_prf_btn_act:hover .gs_ico,.gsc_prf_btn:active .gs_ico{opacity:1;}.gsc_prf_btn_lbl{padding:0 4px;}a.gsc_prf_btn:hover{text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;color:#222;}a.gsc_prf_btn:hover:before,.gs_el_ph #gsc_prf_btne:hover:before{border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.2);background-color:#f8f8f8;}a.gsc_prf_btn:active:before,.gs_el_ph #gsc_prf_btne:active:before{background-color:#f1f1f1;color:#222;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_prf_btn_lbl{display:none;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_prf_btn,#gsc_prf_btne{justify-content:center;height:41px;width:41px;padding:0;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_prf_btn,.gs_el_ph #gsc_prf_btne{position:absolute;right:8px;margin:0;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_prf_btn:before{border-radius:50%;top:2px;bottom:2px;left:2px;right:2px;}#gsc_prf_btne{vertical-align:top;margin:-9px 4px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_prf_btne{top:14px;}#gsc_prf_btne.gsc_prf_btn:before{background:transparent;border:transparent;}#gsc_prf_btne.gsc_prf_btn:hover:before{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.05);}#gsc_prf_btne.gsc_prf_btn:active:before{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.1);}#gsc_prf_btnf{float:right;margin:3px 0 16px 16px;}.gs_el_sm #gsc_prf_btnf{margin-top:0;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_prf_btnf{float:none;top:62px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_prf_btnf.gsc_prf_btn_top{top:14px;}.gsc_prf_btn:before,.gs_el_ph #gsc_prf_btne:before{background-color:#f5f5f5;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1);}.gsc_prf_btn.gsc_prf_btn_act:before{background-color:#4d90fe;}.gsc_prf_btn_act .gsc_prf_btn_lbl{color:#fff;}.gsc_prf_btn.gsc_prf_btn_act:hover:before{background-color:#3983fe;}.gsc_prf_btn.gsc_prf_btn_act:active:before{background-color:#357ae8;}#gsc_prf_inw{margin-bottom:8px;}.gs_el_sm #gsc_prf_inw{margin-bottom:4px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_prf_inw{margin-bottom:2px;}#gsc_prf_in{font-size:24px;line-height:24px;padding:3px 0 4px 0;word-wrap:break-word;}.gs_el_sm #gsc_prf_in{font-size:22px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_prf_in{font-size:20px;padding:0;}#gsc_prf_ion{line-height:19px;padding:1px 0;}#gsc_prf_ion{padding-bottom:4px;}.gs_el_sm #gsc_prf_ion{padding-bottom:8px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_prf_ion{padding:0;padding-bottom:10px;}#gsc_prf_ion_btn,#gs_prf_ion_txt{vertical-align:top;}#gsc_prf_ion_btn{padding:12px 0;}#gsc_prf_ion_lbl{color:#777;}.gs_prf_ion_svg{height:8px;width:4px;padding:0 4px;fill:#777;}#gsc_prf_ion_btn:hover #gsc_prf_ion_lbl{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:underline;}#gsc_prf_ion_btn:active #gsc_prf_ion_lbl{color:#222;}#gsc_prf_ion_btn:active .gs_prf_ion_svg{fill:#222;}#gs_prf_ion_txt{padding-left:4px;visibility:hidden;font-size:0;opacity:0;transition:visibility 0s .13s,font-size 0s .13s,opacity .13s}.gs_el_tc #gs_prf_ion_txt{transition:visibility 0s .218s,font-size 0s .218s,opacity .218s}.gs_prf_ion_show #gs_prf_ion_txt{visibility:visible;font-size:15px;opacity:1;transition:visibility 0s,font-size 0s,opacity .13s;}.gs_el_tc .gs_prf_ion_show #gs_prf_ion_txt{transition:visibility 0s,font-size 0s,opacity .218s;}.gs_prf_ion_svg{transition:transform .13s;transform:rotate(0);}.gs_el_tc .gs_prf_ion_svg{transition:transform .218s;}.gs_prf_ion_show .gs_prf_ion_svg{transform:rotate(180deg);}.gsc_prf_il{font-size:15px;line-height:18px;padding:1px 0;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_prf_il{font-size:13px;line-height:16px;}.gsc_prf_ila:link,.gsc_prf_ila:visited{text-decoration:underline;color:#222;}#gsc_prf_int{margin-top:5px;}#gsc_prf_int:empty{display:none;}.gsc_prf_inta{margin-right:16px;white-space:nowrap;max-width:200px;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;vertical-align:top;}.gsc_prf_inta:last-child{margin:0}.gs_el_tc .gsc_prf_ila,.gs_el_tc .gsc_prf_inta{padding:8px 0 5px 0;}.gsc_md_pro_tt,#gsc_md_pro_lgtm,#gsc_md_pro_rev_n,#gsc_md_pro_save,#gsc_md_pro_ep,.gsc_md_pro_el,.gsc_md_pro_ev{display:none;}#gsc_md_pro_ep{margin-top:4px;padding-top:16px;border-top:1px solid #e5e5e5;}#gsc_md_pro_ep .gsc_md_pro_el{margin-bottom:8px;}.gs_el_tc #gsc_md_pro_ep .gsc_md_pro_el{margin-bottom:2px;}.gsc_md_pro_ra .gs_md_btns{margin-top:8px;}.gsc_md_pro_rn #gs_aani_wrap{padding:0;border:none;}.gsc_md_pro_rn .gs_md_btns{margin:0;}.gsc_md_pro_ch .gsc_md_pro_el,.gsc_md_pro_ch .gsc_md_pro_ev,.gsc_md_pro_ch #gsc_md_pro_ep,.gsc_md_pro_ra .gsc_md_pro_ra_vis,.gsc_md_pro_rn .gsc_md_pro_rn_vis{display:block;}.gsc_md_pro_ed #gsc_md_pro_ted,.gsc_md_pro_aa #gsc_md_pro_taa,.gsc_md_pro_ra #gsc_md_pro_tra,.gsc_md_pro_an #gsc_md_pro_tan,.gsc_md_pro_ai #gsc_md_pro_tai,.gsc_md_pro_rn #gsc_md_pro_trn,.gsc_md_pro_ch #gsc_md_pro_save,.gsc_md_pro_ra #gsc_md_pro_lgtm,.gsc_md_pro_rn #gsc_md_pro_rev_n{display:inline-block;}.gsc_md_pro_el{font-size:15px;}.gsc_md_pro_ev{padding:4px 0 16px 0;}#gsc_dd_add-d,#gsc_dd_exp-d,#gsc_dd_sort-d,#gsc_dd_mor-d{top:42px;}#gsc_dd_add-d,#gsc_dd_mor-d,#gsc_dd_sort-d{white-space:normal;word-wrap:break-word;width:208px;width:max-content;min-width:100px;max-width:208px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_dd_add-d{left:-9px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_dd_exp-d{left:auto;right:12px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_dd_mor-d{left:-58px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_dd_sort-d{left:10px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_dd_sort-r{margin-left:-10px;}.gsc_dd_sec,#gsc_dd_exp-d{padding:8px 0;}.gs_el_tc .gsc_dd_sec,.gs_el_tc #gsc_dd_exp-d{padding:4px 0 8px 0;}.gsc_dd_sep{border-top:1px solid #ebebeb;}#gsc_dd_mor-s .gsc_dd_mor-sel,#gsc_dd_sort-s .gsc_dd_sort-sel{color:#dd4b39;}#gsc_dd_mor-p{padding:14px 44px 14px 16px;color:#777;}.gs_el_tc #gsc_dd_mor-p{padding:18px 44px 18px 16px;}.gsc_art_sel #gsc_dd_add-r,.gsc_art_sel #gsc_dd_mor-r,#gsc_btn_mer,#gsc_btn_del,#gsc_dd_exp-r{display:none;}#gsc_dd_mor-r,.gsc_art_sel #gsc_btn_mer,.gsc_art_sel #gsc_btn_del,.gsc_art_sel #gsc_dd_exp-r{display:inline-block;}html:not(.gs_el_ph) #gsc_dd_sort-r{display:none;}#gsc_lwp{margin:24px 0;text-align:center;}.gs_el_sm #gsc_lwp{margin:16px 0;}#gsc_bpf{display:inline-block;verticle-align:middle;}#gsc_a_nn{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding-right:16px;font-size:13px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_a_nn{display:none;}@media print{#gs_top #gs_md_s,#gs_top #gs_md_w,#gs_top #gs_hdr,#gs_top #gs_hdr_drs,#gs_top #gs_hdr_drw,#gs_top #gs_ftr,#gs_top #gsc_nag,#gs_top #gsc_prf_nbar_btns,#gs_top #gsc_prf_btne,#gs_top #gsc_prf_btnf,#gs_top #gsc_prf_ivh,#gs_top #gsc_prf_puf,#gs_top #gsc_rsb_co,#gs_top #gsc_bdy #gsc_rsb_co,#gs_top .gsc_g_hist_wrp,#gs_top #gsc_prf_t_wrp,#gs_top .gsc_rsb_header,#gs_top .gsc_a_tb,#gs_top .gsc_a_x,#gs_top #gsc_lwp,#gs_top .gsc_prf_puic,#gs_top #gsc_dd_add-r,#gs_top #gsc_dd_mor-r,#gs_top #gsc_dd_sort-r{display:none;}#gs_top,#gs_top #gsc_bdy,#gs_top #gsc_prf_w,#gs_top #gsc_prf,#gs_top #gsc_prf_pu,#gs_top #gsc_prf_pua,#gs_top #gsc_prf_i,#gs_top .gsc_rsb_s,#gs_top .gsc_lcl,#gs_top .gsc_rsb,#gs_top #gsc_a_tw,#gs_top #gsc_a_t,#gs_top .gsc_prf_il,#gs_top .gsc_prf_ila,#gs_top .gsc_prf_inta,#gs_top #gsc_rsb_st{background:none;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;height:auto;width:auto;min-width:0;max-width:none;float:none;display:block;position:static;color:black;font-weight:normal;font-size:12pt;text-decoration:none;}#gs_top .gsc_a_ac,#gs_top .gsc_a_a,#gs_top #gsc_a_ca,#gs_top .gsc_a_at,#gs_top .gsc_rsb_sc1,#gs_top .gsc_rsb_sth,#gs_top .gsc_rsb_std,#gs_top #gsc_bdy .gsc_a_x,#gs_top #gsc_bdy .gsc_a_t,#gs_top #gsc_bdy .gsc_a_c,#gs_top #gsc_bdy .gsc_a_y,#gs_top #gsc_a_trh,#gs_top .gsc_a_m,#gs_top .gsc_a_am{color:black;font-weight:normal;font-size:12pt;padding:0;margin:0;background:none;border:none;}#gs_top #gsc_a_trh,#gs_top #gsc_a_trh th{height:0;}#gs_top #gsc_a_ta,#gs_top #gsc_a_ca,#gs_top #gsc_a_ha,#gs_top .gsc_a_a{font-size:11pt;}#gs_top .gsc_a_ac{font-size:10pt}#gs_top #gsc_prf_pu{width:80pt;height:auto;float:left;margin:0 7pt 7pt 0;}#gs_top #gsc_prf_pua{left:auto;transform:none;border-radius:0;}#gs_top #gsc_prf_pua>img{position:static;}#gs_top #gsc_prf_i{margin:0 7pt 7pt 87pt;text-align:left;}#gs_top #gsc_prf_in{font-size:18pt;line-height:18pt;padding:0 0 4pt 0;}#gs_top .gsc_prf_il{padding:2pt 0;}#gs_top #gsc_prf_w{float:left;width:64%;}#gs_top .gsc_rsb{float:right;width:35%;}#gs_top #gsc_art{clear:both;}#gs_top #gsc_rsb_st{display:table;width:100%;max-width:none;margin-top:3pt;}#gs_top .gsc_rsb_sc1,#gs_top .gsc_rsb_sth,#gs_top .gsc_rsb_std{font-size:10pt;}#gs_top th.gsc_rsb_sc1,#gs_top .gsc_rsb_sth{border-bottom:1pt solid #ccc;}#gs_top .gsc_rsb_f{max-width:60pt;}#gs_top .gsc_rsb_sth{padding-left:14pt;}#gs_top #gsc_bdy .gsc_a_x,#gs_top #gsc_bdy .gsc_a_t,#gs_top #gsc_bdy .gsc_a_c,#gs_top #gsc_bdy .gsc_a_y,#gs_top #gsc_a_trh{padding:6pt 0;}#gs_top #gsc_a_trh{border-bottom:1pt solid #ccc;}#gs_top #gsc_a_ca{display:block;width:auto;}#gs_top #gsc_a_ta{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:12pt;}#gs_top .gsc_a_h{display:inline;font-size:10pt;}#gs_top .gsc_a_at{color:#008;}#gs_top .gsc_a_m,#gs_top .gsc_a_am{display:inline;position:absolute;}#gs_top .gsc_a_am{padding:11pt 0 0 8pt;}#gs_top .gsc_a_t .gs_gray{color:black;font-size:10pt;}}.gsc_lwpds_frm{position:relative;height:29px;}.gsc_lwpds_tsiw{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:38px;}.gsc_lwpds_tsiw input{border-radius:3px 0 0 3px;}.gsc_lwpds_tsbw{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;}.gsc_lwpds_tsbw button{border-radius:0 3px 3px 0;}.gsc_pgn{text-align:right;font-weight:bold;line-height:29px;}.gsc_pgn_ppn{margin:0 8px;}.gsc_ccb_ck{padding:11px 10px 9px 10px;}.gsc_ccb_svg{stroke:#666;stroke-width:2px;fill:#fff;width:21px;height:21px;vertical-align:top;}.gsc_ccb_lim,.gsc_ccb_dis{cursor:default;pointer-events:none;}.gsc_ccb_lim .gsc_ccb_svg,.gsc_ccb_dis .gsc_ccb_svg{fill:#e2e2e2;stroke:#fff;}.gsc_ccb_lim .gsc_ccb_svg>circle,.gsc_ccb_dis .gsc_ccb_svg>circle{stroke:#e2e2e2;}.gsc_ccb_on .gsc_ccb_svg{fill:#4d90fe;stroke:#fff;}.gsc_ccb_on .gsc_ccb_svg>circle{stroke:#4d90fe;}.gsc_ccb_del:active .gsc_ccb_svg>circle,.gsc_ccb_add:active .gsc_ccb_svg>circle{fill:#2f6de1;}#gsc_md_cod{width:800px;max-width:94%;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_md_cod{width:100%;max-width:100%;}#gsc_md_cod .gs_md_prg{min-height:400px;}.gsc_codb_instr{font-size:16px;margin:1em 0;}#gsc_cods_res{position:relative;margin-bottom:24px;min-height:80px;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_cods_res{margin-bottom:16px;}.gsc_cods_hide,.gsc_cod_sugg #gsc_cod_tedit,.gsc_cod_sugg #gsc_cods_frm,.gsc_cod_sugg #gsc_cods_pp,.gsc_cod_lc #gsc_cod_tadd,.gsc_cod_changed #gsc_cod_tedit,.gsc_cod_changed #gsc_cod_tadd,.gsc_cod_lim #gsc_cod_tedit,.gsc_cod_lim #gsc_cod_tadd{display:none;}#gsc_cods_frm{margin:0 0 24px 0;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_cods_frm{margin:0 0 16px 0;}.gsc_ucoar{padding:24px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #eee;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_ucoar{padding:16px 0px;}.gsc_ucoar:first-child{padding-top:0;}.gsc_ucoar:last-child{border-bottom:none;}.gsc_ucoar_cb{float:right;margin-top:-8px;}#gsc_cod_trev{display:none;color:#666;pointer-events:none;}.gsc_cod_changed #gsc_cod_trev,.gsc_cod_lim #gsc_cod_trev{display:inline-block;}.gsc_cod_changed #gsc_cod_trev{color:#1a0dab;pointer-events:auto;}.gsc_fol_cr{margin:0 0 8px 0;}.gs_el_tc .gsc_fol_cr{margin:0;}.gs_el_tc .gsc_fol_cr:first-child{margin-top:-8px;}#gsc_fol_ml{display:block;color:#777;padding:12px 0 4px 0;}#gs_aani_wrap{padding-bottom:8px;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;}#gs_aani{display:none;}#gs_aani.gs_vis{display:block;padding-bottom:12px;}#gs_aani_lbl{display:none;}#gs_aani_lbl.gs_vis{display:block;padding-bottom:8px;}#gs_anni_add_ico{display:inline-block;text-decoration:none;}.gs_aani_in{position:relative;margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:4px;display:none;}.gs_aani_in.gs_vis{display:block;}.gs_aani_txt{margin-right:34px;}.gs_aani_del{position:absolute;padding:12px;top:-6px;right:-12px;}.gs_aani_del:active .gs_aani_svg{stroke:#d14836;}.gs_aani_svg{vertical-align:top;width:17px;height:17px;fill:none;stroke:#1155cc;}</style><script>!function(GSP){var ba=function(a){var b=0;return function(){return b<a.length?{done:!1,value:a[b++]}:{done:!0}}},ca=typeof Object.defineProperties=="function"?Object.defineProperty:function(a,b,c){if(a==Array.prototype||a==Object.prototype)return a;a[b]=c.value;return a},da=function(a){a=["object"==typeof globalThis&&globalThis,a,"object"==typeof window&&window,"object"==typeof self&&self,"object"==typeof global&&global];for(var b=0;b<a.length;++b){var c=a[b];if(c&&c.Math==Math)return c}throw Error("Cannot find global object"); },ea=da(this),g=function(a,b){if(b)a:{var c=ea;a=a.split(".");for(var d=0;d<a.length-1;d++){var e=a[d];if(!(e in c))break a;c=c[e]}a=a[a.length-1];d=c[a];b=b(d);b!=d&&b!=null&&ca(c,a,{configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:b})}}; g("Symbol",function(a){if(a)return a;var b=function(f,h){this.ga=f;ca(this,"description",{configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:h})};b.prototype.toString=function(){return this.ga};var c="jscomp_symbol_"+(Math.random()*1E9>>>0)+"_",d=0,e=function(f){if(this instanceof e)throw new TypeError("Symbol is not a constructor");return new b(c+(f||"")+"_"+d++,f)};return e});var fa=typeof Object.create=="function"?Object.create:function(a){var b=function(){};b.prototype=a;return new b},ha; if(typeof Object.setPrototypeOf=="function")ha=Object.setPrototypeOf;else{var ia;a:{var ja={a:!0},ka={};try{ka.__proto__=ja;ia=ka.a;break a}catch(a){}ia=!1}ha=ia?function(a,b){a.__proto__=b;if(a.__proto__!==b)throw new TypeError(a+" is not extensible");return a}:null} var la=ha,ma=function(a,b){a.prototype=fa(b.prototype);a.prototype.constructor=a;if(la)la(a,b);else for(var c in b)if(c!="prototype")if(Object.defineProperties){var d=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(b,c);d&&Object.defineProperty(a,c,d)}else a[c]=b[c];a.xa=b.prototype};g("Symbol.dispose",function(a){return a?a:Symbol("Symbol.dispose")}); g("Math.trunc",function(a){return a?a:function(b){b=Number(b);if(isNaN(b)||b===Infinity||b===-Infinity||b===0)return b;var c=Math.floor(Math.abs(b));return b<0?-c:c}});var na=function(a){a=Math.trunc(a)||0;a<0&&(a+=this.length);if(!(a<0||a>=this.length))return this[a]};g("Array.prototype.at",function(a){return a?a:na});var n=function(a){return a?a:na};g("Int8Array.prototype.at",n);g("Uint8Array.prototype.at",n);g("Uint8ClampedArray.prototype.at",n);g("Int16Array.prototype.at",n); g("Uint16Array.prototype.at",n);g("Int32Array.prototype.at",n);g("Uint32Array.prototype.at",n);g("Float32Array.prototype.at",n);g("Float64Array.prototype.at",n);g("String.prototype.at",function(a){return a?a:na});/* Copyright The Closure Library Authors. SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 */ var oa=function(a,b){var c=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1);return function(){var d=c.slice();d.push.apply(d,arguments);return a.apply(this,d)}};var p=function(){this.I=this.I;this.O=this.O};p.prototype.I=!1;p.prototype.isDisposed=function(){return this.I};p.prototype.dispose=function(){this.I||(this.I=!0,this.T())};p.prototype[Symbol.dispose]=function(){this.dispose()};p.prototype.T=function(){if(this.O)for(;this.O.length;)this.O.shift()()};var pa=function(){};function qa(a){var b=[],c=0,d;for(d in a)b[c++]=d;return b};function q(a,b){a.classList.add(b)}function r(a,b){a.classList.remove(b)}function u(a,b){return a.classList?a.classList.contains(b):!1}function v(a,b,c){c=c!==void 0?c:!u(a,b);(c?q:r)(a,b)};function w(a){return(navigator.userAgent||"").indexOf(a)>=0}var ra=w("iPhone")||w("iPad")||w("iPod"),sa=w("iPhone")||w("Android")&&w("Mobile");function ua(){if(b===void 0){var a=window.screen;a={width:window.innerWidth,height:window.innerHeight,wa:a.width,va:a.height}}else a=b;var b=a;a=b.width;var c=b.height,d=b.wa;b=b.va;var e=4;if(a<600||d*b<48E4||sa)e=1;else if(a<982)e=2;else if(a<1136||c<590)e=3;return e}var va,wa=/[?&]tc=([01])/.exec(location.search||""); va=wa?+wa[1]>0:w("Android")?!0:window.matchMedia&&window.matchMedia("(pointer)").matches?window.matchMedia("(pointer:coarse)").matches:!w("Firefox")||w("Mobile")||w("Tablet")?ra||"ontouchstart"in window||(navigator.msMaxTouchPoints||0)>0:!1;function xa(){if(ya==void 0){ya=!1;try{var a=Object.defineProperty({},"passive",{get:function(){ya=!0}});window.addEventListener("testPassive",pa,a);window.removeEventListener("testPassive",pa,a)}catch(b){}}return ya}var ya;var za=function(a){this.G=a},Aa=new za("DIV"),Ba=new za("INPUT"),Ca=new za("SCRIPT"),Da=new za("TABLE");function A(a){return document.getElementById(a)}function Ea(a){return a.id||(a.id="gs_id"+Fa++)}function Ga(a){a=(a===void 0?null:a)||document.body;return(a?window.getComputedStyle(a,null):null).direction=="rtl"} function Ha(a){var b=[];a=a.elements;for(var c=a.length,d=0;d<c;d++){var e=a[d],f=encodeURIComponent(e.name||""),h=e.type;!f||e.disabled||!(h!="checkbox"&&h!="radio"||e.checked)||b.push(f+"="+encodeURIComponent(e.value||""))}return b.join("&")}function Ia(a,b){var c=a.elements[b];c||(c=document.createElement(Ba.G),c.type="hidden",c.name=b,a.appendChild(c));return c}function Ja(a){A("gsc_md_cbyd_c").href=a&&a.match(Ka)?a:"javascript:void(0)"}function La(a){a.match(Ka)&&(window.location.href=a)} function Ma(a){if(!A("gs_hats")){var b=document.createElement(Ca.G);b.id="gs_hats";b.src="https://www.gstatic.com/feedback/js/help/prod/service/lazy.min.js";b.onload=a;document.body.appendChild(b)}}var Fa=100,Na=/\S+/g,Ka=/^(?:https?:|[^:/?#]*(?:[/?#]|$))/i,Oa=/^(?:#|\/[a-z0-9_-]*(?:[?].*)?$)/i;function Pa(a){return a.hasOwnProperty("gs_uid")?a.gs_uid:a.gs_uid=++Qa}var Qa=0;var B=function(){this.o=[];this.J={};this.X=this.R=0};B.prototype.add=function(a){var b=Pa(a);this.J[b]||(this.o.push(a),this.J[b]=this.o.length,++this.R)};B.prototype.remove=function(a){a=Pa(a);var b=this.J[a];b&&(this.o[b-1]=null,delete this.J[a],--this.R*2<this.o.length&&!this.X&&Ra(this))};B.prototype.notify=function(a){var b=this.o;try{++this.X;for(var c=0;c<b.length;c++){var d=b[c];d&&d.apply(null,arguments)}}finally{!--this.X&&this.R*2<b.length&&Ra(this)}};B.prototype.getSize=function(){return this.R}; var Ra=function(a){var b=a.o,c=b.length;a=a.J;for(var d=0,e=0;e<c;e++){var f=b[e];f&&(b[d]=f,a[Pa(f)]=++d)}b.length=d};function C(a,b,c,d,e){Sa(a,b,c,d===void 0?!1:d,e===void 0?!1:e,Ta)}function D(a,b,c,d){Sa(a,b,c,d===void 0?!1:d,!1,Ua)}function Va(a,b,c,d){function e(h){D(f,a,e,c);b(h)}var f=document;c=c===void 0?!1:c;C(f,a,e,c,d===void 0?!1:d)}function H(a){Xa?Xa.add(a):a()}function Ya(a){H(function(){return setTimeout(a,0)})} var Za=window.requestAnimationFrame?function(a){window.requestAnimationFrame(a)}:function(a){setTimeout(function(){return a(window.performance&&performance.now?performance.now():Date.now())},33)};function $a(a){a.stopPropagation();a.preventDefault()}function ab(a){return(a.ctrlKey?1:0)|(a.altKey?2:0)|(a.metaKey?4:0)|(a.shiftKey?8:0)}function Ta(a,b,c,d,e){var f=a.addEventListener;e=e&&xa();f.call(a,b,c,e?{passive:e,capture:d}:d)}function Ua(a,b,c,d){a.removeEventListener(b,c,d)} function Sa(a,b,c,d,e,f){if(typeof b==="string")f(a,b,c,d,e);else for(var h=b.length,k=0;k<h;k++)f(a,b[k],c,d,e)}function bb(){Xa.notify();Xa=null}function cb(){document.readyState=="complete"&&(D(document,"readystatechange",cb),bb())}var Xa,db=!!document.attachEvent,eb=document.readyState;if(db?eb!="complete":eb=="loading")Xa=new B,db?C(document,"readystatechange",cb):Va("DOMContentLoaded",bb); function fb(){Va(["mousedown","touchstart"],function(){v(document.documentElement,"gs_pfcs",!0);C(document,"keydown",gb,!0)},!0,!0)}function gb(a){a.keyCode==9&&(v(document.documentElement,"gs_pfcs",!1),D(document,"keydown",gb,!0),fb())}fb();function hb(a,b,c,d,e){var f=A(a);ib(f,function(){q(f,"gs_vis");b&&b()},function(){r(f,"gs_vis");c&&c()},d,e)}function jb(a){a=I[a]||[0];return a[a.length-1]} function ib(a,b,c,d,e,f){f=f===void 0?"":f;var h=Ea(a),k=jb(h);if(!k||k<jb(f)){var m=document.activeElement;f=A(f);kb(lb(f||a),!0);b&&b();J.push(function(l){I[h].pop();I[h].length||delete I[h];if(!l){(l=e)||m==document.body||(l=m);var t=document.activeElement;if(l)try{l.focus()}catch(E){}else t&&a.contains(t)&&t.blur()}c&&c()});I[h]||(I[h]=[]);I[h].push(J.length);m&&a.contains(m)||setTimeout(function(){var l=d,t=l&&l.type=="text";if(!l||t&&va)l=a;try{l.focus(),t&&(l.value=l.value)}catch(E){}},0)}} function mb(a){kb((jb(a)||1E6)-1,!1)}function nb(a){a=a===void 0?!1:a;J.pop()(a)}function kb(a,b){for(b=b===void 0?!1:b;J.length>a;)nb(b||J.length>a+1)}function lb(a){for(var b=0;a&&!(b=jb(a.id));)a=a.parentNode;return b}var J=[],I={};C(document,"click",function(a){var b=J.length;b&&!ab(a)&&b>lb(a.target)&&nb(!0)});C(document,"keydown",function(a){a.keyCode==27&&!ab(a)&&J.length&&nb()}); C(document,"focus",function(a){var b=J.length;if(b)for(var c=lb(a.target);c<b;){var d="",e;for(e in I)if(jb(e)==b){d=e;break}a:{d=(A(d).getAttribute("data-wfc")||"").match(Na)||[];for(var f=0;f<d.length;f++){var h=A(d[f]);if(h&&h.offsetWidth){d=h;break a}}d=void 0}if(d){$a(a);d.focus();break}else nb(!0),--b}},!0);var ob={},pb={},qb;try{qb=window.sessionStorage}catch(a){};function K(a){return typeof a=="object"?a:null}function rb(){var a=sb(),b=tb();b=ub(b);a=vb(a);a=wb(a)||"#";L=K(b);xb?window.history.replaceState(b,"",a):window.location.replace(a)}function wb(a){var b=[],c;for(c in a)b.push(encodeURIComponent(c)+"="+encodeURIComponent(a[c]));return(a=b.sort().join("&"))?"#"+a:""} function yb(a){var b={};a=a.split("&");for(var c=0;c<a.length;c++){var d=a[c],e=d.indexOf("=");if(e+1){var f=d.substr(0,e);d=d.substr(e+1)}else f=d,d="";f&&(b[decodeURIComponent(f)]=decodeURIComponent(d))}return b}function zb(a){var b=a.indexOf("#")+1;return yb(b?a.substr(b):"")}function Ab(a){var b=a.indexOf("?")+1;a=b?a.substr(b):"";b=a.indexOf("#");return yb(b+1?a.substr(0,b):a)}function Bb(a,b){for(var c in b){var d=b[c];d!==void 0?a[c]=d:delete a[c]}} function vb(a){var b=zb(window.location.hash);Bb(b,a);return b}function ub(a){var b=L||K(window.history.state),c={},d;for(d in b)c[d]=b[d];Bb(c,a);return c}function Cb(){setTimeout(function(){if(!Db){var a=window.history.state;Db=!0;L=K(a);Eb.notify()}Fb=!1},0)}var Eb=new B,L,Db=!1,Fb=!0,xb="pushState"in window.history,Gb; if(typeof GSP=="undefined")Gb=!1;else{var Hb=.001*Date.now(),Ib=GSP.eventId,Jb=!1,M,Kb=qb;if(!("nh"in ob)){var Lb=Kb&&Kb.getItem("nh"),Mb;if(Lb)try{Mb=JSON.parse(Lb)}catch(a){}pb.nh=Mb}M=pb.nh;M instanceof Array||(M=[]);for(var Nb=M.length,Ob=0,Pb=0;Pb<Nb;Pb++){var Qb=M[Pb];if(Qb instanceof Array&&Qb.length==2){var Rb=Qb[1]==Ib;Jb=Jb||Rb;Nb-Pb<=10&&+Qb[0]>Hb-86400&&!Rb&&(M[Ob++]=Qb)}}M.length=Ob;M.push([Hb,Ib]);var Sb=M,Tb=qb;pb.nh=Sb;try{Tb&&Tb.setItem("nh",JSON.stringify(Sb))}catch(a){}Gb=Jb} var Ub=Gb;"onpageshow"in window?C(window,"pageshow",Cb):H(Cb);C(window,xb?"popstate":"hashchange",function(a){document.readyState!="loading"&&(a=a.state,Db=!0,L=K(a),Eb.notify())});function Vb(){Wb&&(D(A("gs_alrt_l"),"click",Wb),Wb=void 0)}function Xb(){var a=Yb();q(a,"gs_anm");q(a,"gs_vis");C(document,"click",Zb);clearTimeout($b);$b=setTimeout(Zb,4E3);++ac;setTimeout(bc,0)}function Zb(){ac||(D(document,"click",Zb),clearTimeout($b),$b=void 0,Vb(),r(Yb(),"gs_vis"))}function Yb(){return A("gs_alrt")}function bc(){ac=0}var $b,ac=0,Wb;H(function(){var a=A("gs_alrt_m");a&&(a.innerHTML&&!Ub&&Xb(),C(window,"pagehide",function(){ac=0;Zb();r(Yb(),"gs_anm")}))});function cc(a,b,c){var d=new XMLHttpRequest;d.onreadystatechange=function(){if(d.readyState==4){var e=d.status,f=d.responseText,h=d.getResponseHeader("Content-Type"),k=d.responseURL,m=window.location,l=m.protocol;m="//"+m.host+"/";k&&k.indexOf(l+m)&&k.indexOf("https:"+m)&&(e=0,h=f="");c(e,f,h||"")}};d.open(b?"POST":"GET",a,!0);d.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With","XHR");b&&d.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");b?d.send(b):d.send();return d} function dc(a){a&&(a.onreadystatechange=function(){},a.abort())};var ec=function(a,b,c){this.type=a;this.currentTarget=this.target=b;this.g=c===void 0?null:c;this.Z=!1};ec.prototype.stopPropagation=function(){this.g&&this.g.stopPropagation();this.Z=!0};var N=function(a){a.g&&$a(a.g);a.Z=!0};var O=function(a,b){this.aa=a;this.ua=b},fc=function(a,b,c){this.aa=a;this.types=b;this.listener=c};function P(a,b,c){Q(a,b,c)}function gc(a,b){var c=b.length;if(c){var d=Pa(a),e=hc[d];if(!e){e=hc[d]=[];d=ic(b[0].aa);for(var f in d){var h=jc[f];h||(h=jc[f]=Object.create(null));for(var k in d[f]){var m=h[k];m||(m=h[k]=[]);m.push(a)}}kc(a,e,b[0],lc);for(f=1;f<c;f++)kc(a,e,b[f],mc)}}}function R(a,b,c){nc(new ec(a,b,c===void 0?null:c))} function Q(a,b,c){var d=oc;typeof b==="string"&&(pc[0]=b,b=pc);var e=b.length;a=ic(a);for(var f in a)for(var h in a[f])for(var k=0;k<e;k++)d(f,h,b[k],c)}function ic(a){typeof a==="string"&&(qc[0]=a,a=qc);for(var b=a.length,c=Object.create(null),d=0;d<b;d++){var e=a[d],f=e.charAt(0),h=e.substr(1);if(f!="#"&&f!="."||!h)throw Error("bad selector: "+e);(e=c[f])||(e=c[f]=Object.create(null));e[h]=!0}return c} function oc(a,b,c,d){var e=rc[c];e||(c!="touchstart"&&c!="mouseover"&&c!="mouseout"&&C(document,c,sc,c=="focus"||c=="blur"),e=rc[c]=Object.create(null));(c=e[a])||(c=e[a]=Object.create(null));(a=c[b])||(a=c[b]=new B);a.add(d)}function sc(a){var b=a.target;b&&b.nodeType==3&&(b=b.parentNode);nc(new ec(a.type,b,a))} function nc(a){for(var b=a.target;b&&b!=document&&!b.disabled&&!u(b,"gs_dis");){a.currentTarget=b;var c=b.id;if(c&&!tc("#",c,a))break;c=b.classList||[];for(var d=c.length,e=0;e<d;e++)if(!tc(".",c[e],a))return;b=b.parentNode}}function tc(a,b,c){var d=rc[c.type];(b=(a=d&&d[a])&&a[b])&&b.notify(c);return!c.Z}function kc(a,b,c,d){var e=c.aa;c=c.ua;for(var f in c){var h=oa(d,a,c[f]);Q(e,f,h);b.push(new fc(e,f,h))}}function lc(a,b,c){var d=c.currentTarget;a=uc(a,d)||a;a=vc(a,d);b.call(a,c)} function mc(a,b,c){a:{for(var d=c.currentTarget;d&&d!=document;){var e=uc(a,d);if(e){a=vc(e,d);break a}d=d.parentNode}a=void 0}a&&b.call(a,c)}function vc(a,b){var c=wc(b),d=xc[c];d||(d=xc[c]=[]);for(var e=d.length,f=0;f<e;f++){var h=d[f];if(h instanceof a)return h}b=new a(b);d.push(b);a=Pa(a);(d=yc[a])||(d=yc[a]=[]);d.push(c);return b}function uc(a,b){var c,d=b.id;d&&(c=zc(a,c,"#",d));b=b.classList||[];d=b.length;for(var e=0;e<d;e++)c=zc(a,c,".",b[e]);return c} function zc(a,b,c,d){c=(d=(c=jc[c])&&c[d])?d.length:0;for(var e=0;e<c;e++){var f=d[e];!(f===a||f.prototype instanceof a)||b&&!(f===b||f.prototype instanceof b)||(b=f)}return b}function wc(a){var b=a.getAttribute("data-duid");b||a.setAttribute("data-duid",b=""+Ac++);return b}var rc=Object.create(null),qc=[""],pc=[""],jc=Object.create(null),hc=Object.create(null),yc=Object.create(null),xc=Object.create(null),Ac=100;window.gs_evt_dsp=sc;function Bc(){var a=".gs_md_li";if(typeof a==="string"){var b=a.charAt(0),c=a.slice(1);if(b=="#")a=function(d){return d.id==c&&d.offsetWidth>0};else if(b==".")a=function(d){return u(d,c)&&d.offsetWidth>0};else throw Error("bad selector: "+a);}return a}function Cc(a,b){return a&&((b===void 0?0:b)?a.lastElementChild:a.firstElementChild)}function Dc(a,b){return a&&((b===void 0?0:b)?a.previousElementSibling:a.nextElementSibling)}function Ec(a,b,c){c=c===void 0?!1:c;return Fc(a,b,Bc(),c,!1)} function Fc(a,b,c,d,e){for(var f;b&&a;){if(c(b)){if(e)return b}else for(f=Cc(b,d);f;f=Dc(f,d))if(e=Fc(f,f,c,d,!0))return e;for(e=!0;;){if(b==a)return null;f=b.parentNode;if(b=Dc(b,d))break;b=f}}return null};function Gc(a){return(u(a,"gs_sel")?1:0)+2*(u(a,"gs_par")?1:0)}function Hc(a){return+a.getAttribute("data-s")}function Ic(a,b,c){c=c===void 0?!1:c;v(a,"gs_sel",b==1);v(a,"gs_par",b==2);a.setAttribute("aria-checked",Jc[b]);c||a.setAttribute("data-s",""+b)}var Jc=["false","true","mixed"];var S=function(){this.v=Object.create(null);this.A=0};S.prototype.clear=function(){this.v=Object.create(null);this.A=0};S.prototype.has=function(a){return a in this.v};S.prototype.get=function(a){return this.v[a]};S.prototype.set=function(a,b){this.has(a)||this.A++;this.v[a]=b};S.prototype.delete=function(a){this.has(a)&&(delete this.v[a],this.A--)};var Kc=function(a){var b=window,c=this;this.o=new B;this.da=0;this.ba=[b,a,function(){c.da++||Za(d)},!1];var d=function(){c.da=0;c.o.notify()}};Kc.prototype.addListener=function(a){this.o.getSize()||C.apply(null,this.ba);this.o.add(a)};Kc.prototype.removeListener=function(a){this.o.remove(a);this.o.getSize()||D.apply(null,this.ba)};var Lc=new Kc("scroll"),Mc=new Kc("resize");var Nc=new B;function Oc(){var a=document.documentElement,b=ua();b={gs_el_ph:b==1,gs_el_ta:b==2,gs_el_sm:b!=4,gs_el_tc:va||b==1};var c;for(c in b){var d=b[c];if(u(a,c)!=d){var e=!0;v(a,c,d)}}e&&Nc.notify()}v(document.documentElement,"gs_el_ios",ra);Oc();Mc.addListener(Oc);C(window,["pageshow","load"],Oc);var Pc=function(a,b,c,d,e,f){this.i=a;this.F=b;this.D=c;this.H=d;this.Y=e;this.C=f;this.m=null},Qc=function(a,b){a.m=b},Rc=function(){this.l=[];this.j=-1};Rc.prototype.push=function(a){++this.j;this.j==this.l.length?this.l.push(a):(this.l[this.j]=a,this.l.splice(this.j+1,this.l.length-this.j))};Rc.prototype.pop=function(){--this.j}; var Sc=function(a){for(var b=T;b.j>a;)mb(b.top().i)},Tc=function(a,b){for(var c=0;c<a.l.length&&!(a.l[c].C>=b);++c);return c},Uc=function(a){for(var b=T,c=b.j;c>=0;c--)if(b.l[c].i==a)return c;return-1};Rc.prototype.top=function(){return this.at(this.j)};Rc.prototype.at=function(a){return this.l[a]||null};function Vc(a,b){var c=a==T.j;T.j=a;b&&!L&&!K(window.history.state)&&rb();c||Wc()} function V(a,b,c,d){b=b===void 0?"":b;c=c===void 0?"":c;d=d===void 0?"":d;var e=T.top();e&&a==e.i&&b==e.F&&c==e.D||(T.push(new Pc(a,b,c,d,e&&e.i==a?e.Y+1:1,Date.now())),b=sb(),a=tb(),a=ub(a),b=vb(b),b=wb(b)||"#",L=K(a),xb?window.history.pushState(a,"",b):window.location.assign(b),Wc())}function Xc(a){a=Yc(A(a));return!!a&&u(a,"gs_md_wmw")&&u(document.documentElement,"gs_el_ph")} function Zc(){var a=A("gs_top"),b=document.documentElement;a=a.scrollHeight>b.clientHeight;for(var c=!1,d=0;d<=T.j&&!c;++d)c=!Xc(T.at(d).i);v(A("gs_md_s"),"gs_vis",c);c=T.j;c>=1&&(c=T.at(c-1).i,d=Xc(c),v(A(c),"gs_md_ins_vis",!d));b.style.overflowY=a&&!Xc(T.top().i)?"scroll":""} function Wc(){function a(){var z=c.clientHeight,x=+F.getAttribute("data-h");x||(h.style.maxHeight="none",x=f.offsetHeight);var y=f.querySelector(".gs_md_ftr");x=Math.max((z-x)/2,10);z=Math.max(z-48-(y?y.offsetHeight:0)-2*x,10);y=Xc(e);f.style.top=y?"auto":x+"px";h.style.maxHeight=y?"none":z+"px";bd(h)}var b=T.top(),c=document.documentElement,d=A("gs_top"),e=b.i,f=A(e),h=A(e+"-bdy"),k=1200+T.j,m=A(f.getAttribute("data-cid")||f.id+"-bdy")||f,l=b.H,t=b.D,E=b.F,G=A("gs_md_s"),aa=A(e).getAttribute("data-shd")|| "",F=Yc(f),U=window.pageYOffset,$c=E&&E[0]!="#"&&!l,ad=T.j>0?T.at(T.j-1).i:"",ta=!!I[e];$c?(ta?v(m,"gs_md_ldg",!0):cd(f,m,'<div class="gs_md_prg">'+A("gs_md_ldg").innerHTML+"</div>",b),R("gs-md-ldin",m)):(l&&cd(f,m,l,b),R("gs-md-lded",m));ta&&e==ad||ib(f,function(){(F||f).style.zIndex=k;dd(aa);if(!ta){F&&q(F,"gs_vis");q(f,"gs_vis");v(f,"gs_abt",Fb);v(G,"gs_abt",Fb);ed(e);if(T.j==0){var z=Zc;Nc.add(z);z()}else Zc();F&&h&&(a(),Mc.addListener(a))}T.j==0&&(q(d,"gs_nscl"),d.style.top=-U+"px")},function(){ta|| (Mc.removeListener(a),F&&r(F,"gs_vis"),r(f,"gs_vis"),r(f,"gs_abt"));for(var z=T.top()?T.top().Y:0;T.top()&&T.top().i==e;){var x=T.top();dc(x.m);x.m=null;T.pop()}if(T.top()){if(x=T.top().i,dd(A(x).getAttribute("data-shd")||""),r(A(x),"gs_md_ins_vis"),ta){x=Uc(e);var y=T.at(x);(F||f).style.zIndex=1200+x;cd(f,m,y.H,y)}}else r(G,"gs_vis"),r(G,"gs_abt");T.j==-1?(Nc.remove(Zc),c.style.overflowY="",r(d,"gs_nscl"),d.style.top="auto",window.scrollTo(0,U)):Zc();fd||(z>0?window.history.go(-z):rb())},gd(f),hd(f), ad);$c&&(dc(b.m),b.m=null,Qc(b,cc(E,t,function(z,x,y){b.m=null;y=(z=z==200&&y.match(/^text\/html(;.*)?$/i))?x:id();cd(f,m,y,b);if(z)for(z=e,y=0;y<T.l.length;++y){var Wa=T.at(y);z==Wa.i&&E==Wa.F&&t==Wa.D&&(Wa.H=x,y==T.j&&rb())}R("gs-md-lded",m)})))}function Yc(a){a=a.parentNode;return u(a,"gs_md_wnw")?a:null}function gd(a){return(a=a.getAttribute("data-ifc"))?A(a):null}function hd(a){return(a=a.getAttribute("data-cfc"))?A(a):null} function cd(a,b,c,d){v(b,"gs_md_ldg",!1);for(var e=b.querySelectorAll("[data-duid]"),f=e.length,h={},k=0;k<f;k++){for(var m=wc(e[k]),l=xc[m],t=l?l.length:0,E=0;E<t;E++){var G=l[E],aa=Pa(G.constructor),F=h[aa];F||(F=h[aa]={});F[m]=!0;G&&typeof G.dispose=="function"&&G.dispose()}delete xc[m]}for(var U in h){U=+U;e=h[U];k=(f=yc[U])?f.length:0;for(l=m=0;l<k;l++)t=f[l],t in e||(f[m++]=t);m?f.length=m:delete yc[U]}b.innerHTML=c;d.H=c;ed(a.id);dc(d.m);d.m=null} function jd(a){return(a=T.at(Uc(a)))?a.F:""}function ed(a){if(a=document.querySelector("#"+a+">.gs_md_bdy"))a.scrollTop=a.scrollLeft=0,bd(a)}function bd(a){var b=a.style,c="padding"+(Ga(a)?"Left":"Right");b[c]="";var d=a.offsetWidth-a.clientWidth;d>2&&(a=parseInt(window.getComputedStyle(a,null)[c],10)||0,b[c]=Math.max(a-d,0)+"px")}function id(){return'<div class="gs_md_prg"><div class="gs_alrt">'+A("gs_md_err").innerHTML+"</div></div>"} function sb(){var a=T.top();return{d:a&&a.i||void 0,u:a&&a.F||void 0,p:a&&a.D?"1":void 0,t:a&&a.C||void 0}}function tb(){var a=T.top();return{n:a&&a.Y||0,p:a&&a.D||"",h:a&&a.H||""}}function dd(a){if(kd!=a){var b=A("gs_md_s");kd&&r(b,kd);(kd=a)&&q(b,a)}}var fd=0,kd="",T=new Rc; Eb.add(function(){var a=zb(window.location.hash),b=a.d||"",c=b?A(b):null;++fd;if(c){var d=a.u||"";c=+a.p>0;var e=+a.t||0,f=L||K(window.history.state)||{};a=+f.n||0;var h=""+(f.p||"");f=""+(f.h||"");d.match(Oa)||(d="");for(var k=Tc(T,e),m=k;m<T.l.length;++m){var l=T.at(m);if(e<l.C&&l.i!=b)break}for(l=k-1;l>=0;--l){var t=T.at(l);if(e>t.C&&t.i!=b)break}Sc(m-1);for(m=0;m<=l;++m)t=T.at(m).i,I[t]||Vc(l,!1);if(l=k<T.l.length)l=T.at(k),l=b==l.i&&d==l.F&&c==!!l.D&&e==l.C;l?Vc(k,!0):(a==0&&(Sc(-1),T=new Rc, e=Date.now()),c!=!!h&&(d=h="",f=id()),b=new Pc(b,d,h,f,a,e),c=T,e=b.C,a=Tc(c,e),e=a<c.l.length&&e==c.at(a).C,c.l.splice(a,e?1:0,b),T.j=a,rb(),Wc())}else Sc(-1);--fd});var ld=function(a){p.call(this);this.K=a;this.W=Object.create(null);this.m=null;a=a.querySelectorAll(".gs_in_txtw>input[type=text]");for(var b=a.length;b--;){var c=a[b],d=c.parentNode.querySelector(".gs_in_txts");c=c.name;d&&c&&(this.W[c]=d.innerHTML)}};ma(ld,p);ld.prototype.T=function(){dc(this.m);this.K=this.m=null;p.prototype.T.call(this)}; ld.prototype.pa=function(a){var b=this;N(a);if((a=this.K)&&!this.m){var c="json=&"+Ha(a);md(this,!0);this.m=cc(a.action,c,function(d,e){b.m=null;md(b,!1);var f=b.K,h=f.getAttribute("data-alrt");if(h=h?A(h):null)h.innerHTML="";try{var k=d==200&&JSON.parse(e)}catch(F){}d=!1;k&&typeof k=="object"||(nd(h,A("gs_md_err").innerHTML),k={},d=!0);f.setAttribute("data-p",""+(k.P||""));R("gs-ajax-form-done",f);if(e=k.L)La(""+e);else{if(e=k.M)nd(h,e),d=!0;e=1E6;if(h&&h.innerHTML){var m=h;e=h.getBoundingClientRect().top}h= f.elements;k=k.E;typeof k=="object"||(k=Object.create(null));for(var l in b.W){var t=h[l],E=void 0,G=""+(k[l]||""),aa=t.parentNode.querySelector(".gs_in_txts");v(t.parentNode,"gs_in_txte",!!G);aa&&(aa.innerHTML=G||b.W[l]||"");G&&(E=t.getBoundingClientRect().top)<e&&(m=t,e=E);d=d||!!G}(f=f.getAttribute("data-d"))&&!d&&mb(f);m&&m.scrollIntoView&&(e<0||e+20>window.innerHeight)&&m.scrollIntoView()}})}}; var md=function(a,b){a=a.K;var c=a.getAttribute("data-bsel");a=c?document.querySelectorAll(c):a.querySelectorAll("button");for(c=a.length;c--;){var d=a[c];d.disabled=b;v(d,"gs_bsp",b)}},nd=function(a,b){if(a)a.innerHTML=b;else{var c=c===void 0?"":c;var d=d===void 0?"":d;var e=e===void 0?[]:e;A("gs_alrt_m").innerHTML=b;Yb().action=d.match(Ka)?d:"";a=A("gs_alrt_l");a.textContent=c;c=A("gs_alrt_h");c.innerHTML="";for(var f in e)b=document.createElement(Ba.G),b.type="hidden",b.name=f,b.value=e[f],c.appendChild(b); Vb();v(a,"gs_fm_s",!0);Xb()}};gc(ld,[new O(".gs_ajax_frm",{submit:ld.prototype.pa})]);var od=[[1,0,1],[2,0,1]];Q(".gs_cb_gen","click",function(a){var b=a.currentTarget,c=Gc(b),d=+b.getAttribute("data-s")==2;Ic(b,od[+d][c],!0);R("gs-change",b,a.g)});Q(".gs_cb_gen",["keydown","keyup"],function(a){var b=a.currentTarget,c=a.g.keyCode;b.tagName!="BUTTON"||c!=13&&c!=32||(N(a),a.type=="keydown"&&b.click())});Q([".gs_cb_gen",".gs_md_li"],"keydown",function(a){var b=a.currentTarget,c=b.tagName,d=a.g.keyCode;c!="BUTTON"&&(d==32||d==13&&c!="A")&&(N(a),b.click())});var pd=["click","contextmenu","mouseup"].concat(navigator.sendBeacon?[]:["mousedown","touchstart"]),qd="",rd=null;function sd(){rd=null}function td(a){navigator.sendBeacon?navigator.sendBeacon(a):rd&&a==rd.src||((rd=new Image).src=a,setTimeout(sd,1E3))}function ud(){var a=Ab(document.location.href).hl||"";a="/scholar_bfnav?url="+encodeURIComponent(document.location.href)+"&hl="+encodeURIComponent(a)+"&ei="+GSP.eventId;td(a)}H(function(){qd=Ub?"&bn=1":"";Ub&&ud()}); C(window,"pageshow",function(a){a.persisted&&(qd="&bn=1",ud())}); C(document,pd,function(a){if(!(a.type=="click"&&a.button||a.type=="mouseup"&&a.button!=1)){var b,c;a:{for(a=a.target;a;){var d=a.nodeName;if(d=="A")break a;if(d=="SPAN"||d=="B"||d=="I"||d=="EM"||d=="IMG")a=a.parentNode;else break}a=null}a&&(b=a.getAttribute("href"))&&(c=a.getAttribute("data-clk"))&&(b="/scholar_url?url="+encodeURIComponent(b)+"&"+c+"&ws="+window.innerWidth+"x"+window.innerHeight+"&at=",c=encodeURIComponent,a=(a=a.getAttribute("data-clk-atid"))?A(a):null,b=b+c(a&&a.innerText||"")+ qd,td(b))}},!1,!0);Q(".gs_fm_s","click",function(a){a=a.currentTarget.getAttribute("data-fm")||"";(a=A(a))&&a.submit()});var W=function(a){this.i=Ea(a.querySelector(".gs_md_d"));this.S=Ea(a.querySelector(".gs_md_tb"))};W.prototype.U=function(a){var b=A(this.i);return a!==void 0?Ec(b,b,a):null};W.prototype.open=function(a){a=this.U(a);if(u(A(this.S),"gs_sel"))try{a&&a.focus()}catch(c){}else{var b=A(this.S);hb(this.i,function(){q(b,"gs_sel")},function(){r(b,"gs_sel")},a,b)}};W.prototype.close=function(){mb(this.i)};W.prototype.ha=function(a){N(a);u(A(this.S),"gs_sel")?this.close():this.open(a.g.type=="keydown"?!1:void 0)}; W.prototype.ca=function(a){var b=a.g.keyCode;if(b==38||b==40)N(a),this.open(b==38)};W.prototype.ja=function(a){a.target.id==this.i&&this.ca(a)};gc(W,[new O(".gs_md_rmb",{}),new O(".gs_md_tb",{"gs-press":W.prototype.ha,keydown:W.prototype.ca}),new O(".gs_md_d",{keydown:W.prototype.ja})]);var vd=function(a){W.call(this,a);this.ra=Ea(a.querySelector(".gs_md_in"));this.ta=Ea(a.querySelector(".gs_md_tb .gs_lbl"))};ma(vd,W);vd.prototype.U=function(){return A(this.i).querySelector(".gs_md_li[aria-selected]")};vd.prototype.ka=function(a){wd(this,a)};vd.prototype.V=function(a){var b=a.g.keyCode;b!=13&&b!=32||wd(this,a)}; var wd=function(a,b){var c=b.currentTarget,d=A(a.ra),e=a.U();c!=e&&(d.value=c.getAttribute("data-v"),A(a.ta).innerHTML=c.innerHTML,e&&xd(e,!1),xd(c,!0));N(b);a.close();R("gs-change",d,b.g)},xd=function(a,b){v(a,"gs_sel",b);b?a.setAttribute("aria-selected","true"):a.removeAttribute("aria-selected")};gc(vd,[new O(".gs_md_ris",{}),new O(".gs_md_li",{click:vd.prototype.ka,keydown:vd.prototype.V})]);Q("#gs_lp","click",function(a){N(a);V("gs_lp_d")});Q("#gs_lp_cur","click",function(a){N(a);mb("gs_lp_d")});var yd=function(a){this.ea=Ea(a)};yd.prototype.V=function(a){var b=a.currentTarget,c=a.g.keyCode;if(c==38||c==40){var d=A(this.ea);d=Ec(d,b,c==38)||Ec(d,d,c==38)}else if(c==37||c==39)a:{c=c==37!=Ga(b.parentNode);d=b.parentNode;var e=d.children,f=e.length;if(d.id!=this.ea){for(;e[--f]!=b;);d=Dc(d,c)||Cc(d.parentNode,c);e=d.children;if(f=Math.min(f+1,e.length))if(d=e[f-1],u(d,"gs_md_li")&&d.offsetLeft!=b.offsetLeft)break a}d=void 0}d&&(N(a),d.focus())}; gc(yd,[new O(".gs_md_ulr",{}),new O(".gs_md_li",{keydown:yd.prototype.V})]);Q("#gs_hdr_mnu","click",function(a){N(a);V("gs_hdr_drw")});Q("#gs_hdr_drw_mnu","click",function(a){N(a);mb("gs_hdr_drw")});Q("#gs_hdr_act_i","click",function(a){N(a);ua()==1?La(document.querySelector("#gs_hdr_drw_bot>a").href):hb("gs_hdr_act_d")});Q("#gs_hdr_drw","keydown",function(a){var b=a.g.keyCode;if(b==38||b==40){var c=a.currentTarget;if(b=Ec(c,c,b==38))N(a),b.focus()}}); Q("#gs_hdr_tsi",["focus","blur"],function(a){function b(){var h=d.getBoundingClientRect().top-10;Math.abs(h)>10&&window.scrollBy(0,h);clearTimeout(e);c()}function c(){D(window,f,b)}var d=a.target;a=a.type=="focus";v(A("gs_hdr"),"gs_hdr_ifc",a);if(a&&va&&!(window.innerHeight>749)){var e=setTimeout(c,1E3),f=["scroll","resize"];C(window,f,b)}});Q("#gs_hdr_tsi",["input","gs-change"],function(a){v(A("gs_hdr_frm"),"gs_hdr_tsc",!!a.currentTarget.value)}); Q("#gs_hdr_tsc","mousedown",function(a){N(a);var b=A("gs_hdr_tsi");b.value="";b.focus();R("input",b,a.g)});Q("#gs_hdr_sre","click",function(a){N(a);var b=A("gs_hdr");hb("gs_hdr_frm",function(){r(b,"gs_hdr_src");q(b,"gs_hdr_srx")},function(){q(b,"gs_hdr_src");r(b,"gs_hdr_srx")},A("gs_hdr_tsi"))});Q(".gs_md_x","click",function(a){(a=a.currentTarget.getAttribute("data-mdx"))&&mb(a)});var X=function(){},zd,Ad;X.prototype.ia=function(a){a.g.button||(N(a),Bd(a))};X.prototype.la=function(a){Cd(a)&&(N(a),Bd(a))};X.prototype.ma=function(a){Cd(a)&&N(a)};X.prototype.na=function(a){if(!a.g.button){N(a);var b=a.g;b&&(Dd=b.clientX||0,Ed=b.clientY||0,C(document,Fd,Gd,!0),clearTimeout(zd),zd=setTimeout(Hd,2E3));Bd(a)}}; X.prototype.qa=function(a){N(a);if(Id){var b=a.g;b=b&&b.touches||[];if(b=b.length==1?b[0]:null)Jd=b.clientX,Kd=b.clientY,C(document,Ld,Md,!0),clearTimeout(Ad),Ad=setTimeout(Nd,2E3)}Bd(a)}; var Cd=function(a){a=a.g.keyCode;return a==32||a==13},Bd=function(a){R("gs-press",a.currentTarget,a.g)},Hd=function(){D(document,Fd,Gd,!0);clearTimeout(zd);zd=void 0},Gd=function(a){a.type!="mousedown"&&Math.abs(a.clientX-Dd)<10&&Math.abs(a.clientY-Ed)<10?($a(a),a.type=="click"&&Hd()):Hd()},Nd=function(){D(document,Ld,Md,!0);clearTimeout(Ad);Ad=void 0},Md=function(a){a.type!="touchstart"&&Math.abs(a.clientX-Jd)<10&&Math.abs(a.clientY-Kd)<10?($a(a),a.type=="click"&&Nd()):Nd()},Dd=0,Ed=0,Fd=["mousedown", "mouseup","click"],Id=w("Android")&&!w("Chrome"),Jd=0,Kd=0,Ld=["touchstart","mousedown","mouseup","click"];gc(X,[new O(".gs_press",{click:X.prototype.ia,keydown:X.prototype.la,keyup:X.prototype.ma,mousedown:X.prototype.na,touchstart:X.prototype.qa})]);function Od(a){Pd.style.left=Qd&&Rd===Sd?a.left+"px":"auto";Pd.style.width=Qd?a.width+"px":"auto";R("gs-sth-change",A("gs_sth"))}function Td(){var a=Ud.getBoundingClientRect(),b=a.top,c=Pd.offsetHeight,d=b<0,e;if(e=d&&ra)e=document.activeElement,e=!!e&&e.tagName=="INPUT"&&e.type=="text";b=e?-b-a.height:Sd;var f=Qd!=d||Rd!==Sd!=e;b!==Rd&&(Rd=b,Pd.style.transform=b===Sd?"none":"translate3d(0,"+b+"px,0)");f&&(Qd=d,v(Vd,"gs_sth_vis",d),v(Vd,"gs_sth_trk",e),Od(a),Ud.style.height=Qd?c+"px":"auto")} function Wd(){Qd&&Od(Ud.getBoundingClientRect())}var Sd,Vd,Ud,Pd,Qd=!1,Rd;H(function(){if(Vd=A("gs_sth"))Ud=Vd.querySelector(".gs_sth_g"),Pd=Vd.querySelector(".gs_sth_b"),Lc.addListener(Td),Mc.addListener(Wd),Td()});function Xd(a,b){var c=window.location.href,d=+Ab(c).authuser||0,e=help.service.Lazy.create(0,{apiKey:"AIzaSyBnsHNH76IH8vZplyq6wIQHlfHRq3blfB8",locale:"en-US"});e.requestSurvey({triggerId:a,authuser:d,enableTestingMode:b,callback:function(f){(f=f.surveyData)&&e.presentSurvey({surveyData:f,productData:{customData:{eventId:GSP.eventId,url:c}},colorScheme:1,authuser:d,customZIndex:1050,customLogoUrl:"https://scholar.google.com/scholar/images/scholar48.png"})}})} function Yd(a){var b=a();b.triggerId&&Ma(function(){return Xd(b.triggerId,b.sa)})}function Zd(a){window.location.hash||Ub||H(function(){return Yd(a)})};Ya(function(){var a=document.querySelectorAll(".gs_invis");var b=typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&Symbol.iterator&&a[Symbol.iterator];if(b)a=b.call(a);else if(typeof a.length=="number")a={next:ba(a)};else throw Error(String(a)+" is not an iterable or ArrayLike");for(b=a.next();!b.done;b=a.next())r(b.value,"gs_invis")});function $d(){var a=A("gsc_ecd_form");Ia(a,"continue").value=window.location.pathname+window.location.search;R("submit",a)}function ae(a){var b=A("gsc_ecd_form"),c=A("gsc_ecd_table");b=Ia(b,"articletype");a=a.currentTarget;b.value=a.getAttribute("data-type")||"";c.className=a.getAttribute("data-class")||"";c=document.querySelectorAll("#gsc_ecd_citation_type button");for(b=c.length;b--;)v(c[b],"gs_sel",c[b]==a)};function be(){var a=A("gsc_rsb_co");if(a){a=a.querySelectorAll("img.gs_pp_df");for(var b=0;b<a.length;b++){var c=a[b];c.getAttribute("data-srcset")&&(c.setAttribute("srcset",c.getAttribute("data-srcset")),c.removeAttribute("data-srcset"));c.getAttribute("data-src")&&(c.setAttribute("src",c.getAttribute("data-src")),c.removeAttribute("data-src"))}}};var ce=/\S+@\S+\.\S+/;function de(a){return u(a,"gsc_ccb_dis")||u(a,"gsc_ccb_lim")}function ee(){var a=A("gsc_cods_res"),b=fe()<=0;a=a.querySelectorAll(".gsc_ccb_add");for(var c=a.length;c--;){var d=a[c];u(d,"gsc_ccb_on")||v(d,"gsc_ccb_lim",b)}};function ge(){P(".gsc_lwpds_frm","submit",function(a){N(a);R("gsc-lwpds-submit",a.target)})};var he=function(a){this.fa=a};he.prototype.oa=function(a){N(a);a=a.currentTarget.getAttribute("data-a");this.fa.setAttribute("data-a",a||"");R("gsc-navigate",this.fa)};var ie=[new O(".gsc_pgn",{}),new O([".gsc_pgn_ppr",".gsc_pgn_pnx"],{click:he.prototype.oa})];function je(a,b){b=b===void 0?"":b;var c=A("gsc_md_cod");a+=wb({t:ke});V(c.id,a,"",b)}function le(a){if(ke!=a){var b=A("gsc_md_cod");r(b,ke);q(b,a);ke=a}}function me(){var a=jd("gsc_md_cod");a=zb(a).t;a!="gsc_cod_sugg"&&a!="gsc_cod_lc"||le(a)}function ne(){me();oe(!0)} function pe(){me();oe(!1);for(var a=A("gsc_cods_res").querySelectorAll(".gsc_ccb_ck"),b=a.length;b--;){var c=a[b];if(!de(c)){var d=c.getAttribute("data-authorid")||"";d=(u(c,"gsc_ccb_add")?Y:Z).has(d);v(c,"gsc_ccb_on",d)}}ee();qe();a=Ab(jd("gsc_md_cod"));(b=re())&&(b.value=a.mauthors||"")}function se(){var a=re();a=a?a.value:"";var b=(A("gsc_cods_urls").getAttribute("data-sa")||"").replace(te,"$1"+encodeURIComponent(a));a=a?b:A("gsc_cods_urls").getAttribute("data-lc")||"";je(a)} function ue(a){(a=a.currentTarget.getAttribute("data-a"))&&je(a)} function oe(a){var b=A("gsc_cods_frm");if(b){b=b.elements;var c=b[1];b[0].disabled=c.disabled=a;v(c,"gs_bsp",a)}a=a?null:A("gsc_codb_data");if(c=A("gsc_cods_pp")){var d=a&&a.getAttribute("data-prev");b=a&&a.getAttribute("data-next");var e=a&&a.getAttribute("data-start"),f=a&&a.getAttribute("data-end");c.querySelector(".gsc_pgn_ppn").textContent=e&&f?e+" - "+f:"";e=c.querySelector(".gsc_pgn_ppr");e.disabled=!d;e.setAttribute("data-a",d||"");c=c.querySelector(".gsc_pgn_pnx");c.disabled=!b;c.setAttribute("data-a", b||"")}a&&(ve=+a.getAttribute("data-max")||0,b=A("gsc_cods_save"),Ia(b,"xsrf").value=a.getAttribute("data-xsrf")||"")}function we(a){a=a.currentTarget;if(!de(a)){var b=!u(a,"gsc_ccb_on");v(a,"gsc_ccb_on",b);var c=u(a,"gsc_ccb_add")?".gsc_ccb_del":".gsc_ccb_add",d=a.parentNode;(c=d&&d.querySelector(c))&&r(c,"gsc_ccb_on");c=a.getAttribute("data-authorid")||"";Y.delete(c);Z.delete(c);b&&(u(a,"gsc_ccb_add")?Y:Z).set(c,A("gsc_ucoar-"+c).outerHTML);ee();qe()}} function qe(){var a=Y.A>0||Z.A>0,b=fe(),c=b<0;b=b<=0;A("gsc_cod_done").disabled=!a||c;v(A("gsc_cod_t"),"gsc_cod_changed",a);a=A("gsc_cod_trev");a.textContent=a.getAttribute(b?"data-lim":"data-txt")||"";v(A("gsc_cod_t"),"gsc_cod_lim",b)}function xe(){var a=A("gsc_cods_res").cloneNode(!0),b=a.querySelector("#gsc_codb_content");b||(b=document.createElement(Aa.G),b.id="gsc_codb_content",a.appendChild(b));var c=ye(Y)+ye(Z);b.innerHTML=c;(b=re())&&(b.value="");je("",a.innerHTML)} function ze(){var a=A("gsc_cods_save");Ia(a,"colleague_add").value=qa(Y.v).join(",");Ia(a,"colleague_del").value=qa(Z.v).join(",");a.submit()}function fe(){return ve-Y.A+(ke=="gsc_cod_sugg"?0:Z.A)}function re(){return A("gsc_cods_tsi")}function ye(a){for(var b="",c=qa(a.v),d=c.length;d--;)b+=a.get(c[d]);return b}var ke="gsc_cod_lc",ve=0,te=/([?&]mauthors=)([^&]*)/,Y=new S,Z=new S;function Ae(){var a=A("gsc_md_cbyd_merge");a&&(a.disabled=!0);Ja("")}function Be(){var a=A("gsc_md_cbyd_f"),b=A("gsc_md_cbyd_merge"),c=jd("gsc_md_cbyd"),d=Ab(c).s||"";c=zb(c).c||"";a.elements.s.value=d;Ja(c);b&&a.elements.choose&&(b.disabled=!1,b.getBoundingClientRect().bottom<window.innerHeight&&b.focus())};function Ce(){var a=jd("gsc_md_cbym");a=Ab(a).s||"";var b=A("gsc_md_cbym_e");b&&a&&a.indexOf("&")<0&&b.setAttribute("data-href",(b.getAttribute("data-href")||"").replace(/(&citation_for_view=)[^&]*/,"$1"+a))}function De(a){a=a.currentTarget.getAttribute("data-href")||"";V("gs_md_cita-d",a)};function Ee(a){v(A("gsc_a_sp"),"gs_vis",a==0);v(A("gsc_a_err"),"gs_vis",a==2)}function Fe(){return document.querySelectorAll("#gsc_a_t input[type=checkbox]")}function Ge(){R("gsc-works-change",A("gsc_a_t"))}function He(a){a=Gc(a.currentTarget);for(var b=a==2?Ie:Fe(),c=b.length;c--;)b[c].checked=a!=0;Ge()}function Je(){var a=A("gsc_x_all");if(a){var b=document.querySelectorAll("#gsc_a_t input[type=checkbox]:checked");var c=b.length;var d=Fe().length;c=c?c==d?1:2:0;Ic(a,c);c==2&&(Ie=b)}Ge()} var Ie=[];function Ke(a){N(a);var b=a.currentTarget;a=b.href;var c=b.getAttribute("data-eid")||"";b=(b.getAttribute("data-eud")||"")+","+c;a=A("gsc_md_cbyd_f").action+"&update_op=merge_options&s="+b+wb({c:a});V("gsc_md_cbyd",a)}function Le(a){a=a.currentTarget.getAttribute("data-eid")||"";a=(A("gsc_md_cbym_l").getAttribute("data-act")||"")+"&update_op=merge_options&s="+a;V("gsc_md_cbym",a)} function Me(a){var b=A("gsc_a_tr0"),c=A("gsc_a_trh");b=b.querySelector(".gsc_a_t");c.querySelector(".gsc_a_t").style.width=u(a.currentTarget,"gs_sth_vis")?b.offsetWidth+"px":"auto"};function Ne(a){var b=a.currentTarget,c=Oe,d=c<100?100-c:100;a=(Pe+"&cstart="+(Qe+c)+"&pagesize="+d).replace(/([?&])&+/g,"$1");Ee(0);b.disabled=!0;cc(a,"json=1",function(e,f){b.disabled=!1;try{var h=e==200&&JSON.parse(f)}catch(m){}if(h&&typeof h=="object"){Oe=c+=d;Ee(1);f=""+h.B;e=A("gsc_a_b");var k=document.createElement(Da.G);k.innerHTML=f;f=Array.prototype.slice.call(k.rows);for(k=0;k<f.length;k++)e.appendChild(f[k]);Je();if(e=A("gsc_a_nn"))f=e.innerHTML.replace(/[0-9]+$/,""+A("gsc_a_b").rows.length), e.innerHTML=f;b.disabled=!h.N}else Ee(2)})}var Pe="",Qe=0,Oe=0;function Re(){var a=window.location.href.split("#")[0];Pe=a.replace(/([?&])(cstart|pagesize)=[^&]*/g,"$1");Qe=Math.max(+a.replace(/.*[?&]cstart=([^&]*).*/,"$1")||0,0);Oe=+a.replace(/.*[?&]pagesize=([^&]*).*/,"$1")||0;Oe=Math.max(Math.min(Oe,100),20);Q("#gsc_bpf_more","click",Ne)};function Se(a){for(var b=[!1,!1,!1],c=0;c<b.length;c++){var d=A(Te[c]);d&&(b[c]=!!a(d))}return b}function Ue(){var a=A("gsc_fol_m");if(a){var b=A("gsc_fol_b");if(!(a=!ce.test(a.value))){a:{a=Se(Gc);for(var c=Se(Hc),d=0;d<a.length;d++)if(a[d]!=c[d]){a=!0;break a}a=!1}a=!a}b.disabled=a}} function Ve(a){a.g&&a.g.preventDefault();a=A("gsc_fol_f");var b=A("gsc_fol_inp");b.innerHTML="";for(var c=Se(Gc),d=Se(Hc),e=0;e<c.length;e++)if(c[e]!=d[e]){var f=We[e],h=document.createElement(Ba.G);h.type="hidden";h.name=c[e]?f:"un"+f;b.appendChild(h)}R("gsc-fol-submit",a)}var Te=["gsc_fol_a","gsc_fol_c","gsc_fol_r"],We=["follow_articles_btn","follow_citations_btn","follow_related_btn"];function Xe(a){if(a.type!="keydown"||a.g&&!ab(a.g)&&a.g.keyCode==13)a.g&&$a(a.g),(a=(a=a.currentTarget.querySelector("a"))?a.getAttribute("href"):"")&&La(a)}function Ye(){le("gsc_cod_lc");ve=0;Y.clear();Z.clear();var a=re();a&&(a.value="");se()}function Ze(){u(document.documentElement,"gs_el_ph")||u(document.documentElement,"gs_el_ta")||be()}function $e(){be()} function af(){P(["#gsc_coauth_opn",".gsc_rsb_btne",".gsc_rsb_btnv"],"click",Ye);P(".gsc_rsb_aa",["click","keydown"],Xe);Q("#gsc_prf_t-ath","click",$e);H(function(){Nc.add(Ze);Ze()})};function bf(){P(["#gsc_fol_a","#gsc_fol_c","#gsc_fol_r"],"gs-change",Ue);Q("#gsc_fol_m","input",Ue);Q("#gsc_fol_f","submit",Ve);P("#gsc_fol_f","gsc-fol-submit",function(a){a.currentTarget.submit()})};function cf(a){if(a){a.id&&a.removeAttribute("id");for(var b=0;b<a.children.length;b++)cf(a.children[b])}}function df(){var a=document.documentElement;!A("gsc_hist_opn")||u(a,"gs_el_ph")||u(a,"gs_el_ta")||V("gsc_md_hist")}function ef(){var a=A("gsc_md_hist_c");if(!a.innerHTML){var b=document.getElementsByClassName("gsc_g_hist_wrp");b.length==1&&(a.appendChild(b[0].cloneNode(!0)),cf(a.lastElementChild))}};function ff(){P("#gsc_lwp_mndt_lnk","click",function(a){var b=a.currentTarget.getAttribute("href")||"";b+="&tzom="+(new Date).getTimezoneOffset();La(b);a.g.preventDefault()})};function gf(){var a=A("gsc_md_pro_f");a.reset();a=a.querySelectorAll(".gs_in_txtw");for(var b=a.length;b--;){var c=a[b];r(c,"gs_in_txte");c.querySelector(".gs_in_txts").innerHTML=""}a=A("gsc_md_pro-d");a.setAttribute("data-ifc","");V(a.id,wb({t:"gsc_md_pro_ed"}))}function hf(){v(A("gsc_prf_w"),"gsc_prf_why")}function jf(){var a=A("gsc_prf_pufii");if(w("MSIE ")){var b=A("gsc_prf_puf");hb("gsc_prf_pufi",function(){q(b,"gsc_prf_pufo")},function(){r(b,"gsc_prf_pufo")},a)}else a.click()} function kf(a){(a.type!="keydown"||a.g.keyCode==13&&a.g&&!ab(a.g))&&jf()}function lf(){A("gsc_prf_puf").submit()}function mf(){v(A("gsc_prf_ion"),"gs_prf_ion_show")}function nf(){Q("#gsc_prf_btne","click",gf);P("#gsc_prf_btnf","click",function(){V("gsc_md_fol")});P("#gsc_md_fol_pub","click",function(){A("gsc_fol_mpf").submit()});Q("#gsc_prf_iv_tg","click",hf);P(".gsc_prf_pel",["click","keydown"],kf);Q("#gsc_prf_pufii","change",lf);Q("#gsc_prf_ion_btn","click",mf)};function of(a){var b=A("gsc_bdy");b.setAttribute("data-tab",a.currentTarget.id);b=b.querySelectorAll(".gsc_prf_tab");for(var c=0;c<b.length;c++){var d=b[c];d.setAttribute("aria-selected",""+(d==a.currentTarget))}}function pf(){var a=document.querySelectorAll(".gsc_prf_pnl"),b=document.documentElement;b=u(b,"gs_el_ph")||u(b,"gs_el_ta");for(var c=0;c<a.length;c++)a[c].setAttribute("role",b?"tabpanel":"region")}function qf(){Q(".gsc_prf_tab","click",of);H(function(){Nc.add(pf);pf()})};(function(){var a=zb(window.location.hash),b=a.u||"";a.d=="gs_md_cita-d"&&b.match(Oa)&&b.indexOf("view_citation")>=0&&La(b);Q("#gsc_md_cod","gs-md-ldin",ne);Q("#gsc_md_cod","gs-md-lded",pe);Q("#gsc_cods_frm","gsc-lwpds-submit",se);Q("#gsc_cods_pp","gsc-navigate",ue);P([".gsc_ccb_add",".gsc_ccb_del"],"click",we);Q("#gsc_cod_trev","click",xe);Q("#gsc_cod_done","click",ze);af();ge();Re();bf();Q("#gsc_md_hist","gs-md-lded",ef);P(["#gsc_hist_opn",".gsc_md_hist_b"],"click",df);ff();nf();qf();Q("#gsc_md_cbyd", "gs-md-ldin",Ae);Q("#gsc_md_cbyd","gs-md-lded",Be);P("#gsc_md_cbym",["gs-md-ldin","gs-md-lded"],Ce);Q("#gsc_md_cbym_e","click",De);gc(he,ie);Ya(Je);Q(".gsc_a_x","change",Je);Q("#gsc_x_all","gs-change",He);Q(".gsc_a_acm","click",Ke);Q(".gsc_a_am","click",Le);Q("#gs_sth","gs-sth-change",Me);Q("#gs_md_cita-b-save","click",$d);Q(".gsc_ecd_form_tsel","click",ae);Zd(function(){var c=A("gsc_bdy").getAttribute("data-usv")||"-";return{triggerId:c.substr(1),sa:c[0]=="+"}})})(); }({"customAC":0,"eventId":"cqlGZ9bBBvO_y9YPm4_bqAY"});</script></head><body><div id="gs_top" onclick=""><style>#gs_md_s,.gs_md_wnw{z-index:1200;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;visibility:hidden;}.gs_md_ds:before{content:'';position:absolute;background-color:#fff;z-index:100;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;top:0;bottom:0;right:0;left:0;}.gs_md_ds.gs_md_d:not(.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wmw):before{top:-1px;bottom:-1px;right:-1px;left:-1px;}#gs_md_s{background-color:#fff;opacity:0;}.gs_el_ta #gs_md_s,.gs_el_ph #gs_md_s,.gs_el_ta .gs_md_ds:before,.gs_el_ph .gs_md_ds:before{background-color:#666;}#gs_md_s.gs_vis,.gs_md_ds.gs_md_ins_vis:before{opacity:.5;visibility:visible;}.gs_md_wnw{transition:all 0s .218s;}.gs_md_wnw.gs_vis{visibility:visible;transition:all 0s;}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_ds:before{transition:opacity .15s,visibility 0s .15s;}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_ds.gs_md_ins_vis:before{transition:opacity .218s,visibility 0s;}.gs_md_wnw>.gs_md_d{position:relative;margin:0 auto;width:464px;box-shadow:2px 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.2);white-space:normal;}.gs_el_ta .gs_md_wnw>.gs_md_d,.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wnw>.gs_md_d{box-shadow:2px 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.65);}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wnw>.gs_md_d{width:80%;max-width:440px;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wmw>.gs_md_d{display:flex;flex-direction:column;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;border:none;box-shadow:none;transform:translate(0,100%);transform:translate(0,100vh);transition:transform .27s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.6,1),opacity 0s .27s,visibility 0s .27s,max-height 0s .27s;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wmw>.gs_md_d.gs_vis{transform:translate(0,0);transition:transform .3s cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1);}.gs_md_wmw>.gs_md_d.gs_abt,.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wmw>.gs_md_d.gs_abt{transition:none;}.gs_md_hdr{display:flex;align-items:center;height:47px;border-bottom:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-bottom-color:rgba(0,0,0,.12);background-color:#f5f5f5;}.gs_md_hdr>a,.gs_md_hdr>a.gs_btn_lrge{flex:0 0 auto;width:41px;height:47px;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_hdr>a{margin:0 2px 0 0;}.gs_el_ph a.gs_md_hdr_c{margin:0 0 0 2px;}.gs_md_hdr_b{margin:0 41px 0 16px;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_hdr_b{margin:0 16px;}.gs_md_hdr_t:empty~.gs_md_hdr_b{margin-left:0;}.gs_md_hdr_b:empty{width:41px;margin:0;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_hdr_b:empty{margin-right:2px;}.gs_md_hdr_b:empty:not(:last-child){display:none;}.gs_md_hdr_b>button{min-width:51px;height:33px;}.gs_md_hdr_t{flex:1 1 auto;font-size:18px;font-weight:normal;color:#666;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;}.gs_md_bdy{position:relative;overflow-y:auto;box-sizing:border-box;padding:24px 41px 0 41px;}.gs_md_bdy:after{display:block;content:"";clear:both;padding-bottom:24px;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_bdy{padding:16px 16px 0 16px;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_bdy:after{padding-bottom:16px;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wmw .gs_md_bdy{flex:1;}.gs_md_ftr{border-top:1px solid #e0e0e0;}.gs_md_lbl{display:block;font-size:16px;margin:0 0 16px 0;word-wrap:break-word;}.gs_md_btns{margin:24px 0 0 0;white-space:nowrap;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_btns{margin:16px 0 0 0;}.gs_md_btns button{margin-right:16px;}.gs_md_btns button:last-child{margin-right:0;}.gs_md_prg{margin:24px 0;text-align:center;}.gs_md_prg .gs_alrt{padding:4px 16px;}.gs_md_ldg:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;background-color:#fff;opacity:.5;z-index:100;}</style><div id="gs_md_ldg" style="display:none">Loading...</div><div id="gs_md_err" style="display:none">The system can't perform the operation now. Try again later.</div><div id="gs_md_s"></div><div data-h="0" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds"><div id="gsc_md_hist" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gsc_md_hist-t" data-wfc="gsc_md_hist-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_md_hist-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gsc_md_hist" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gsc_md_hist-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t">Citations per year</h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"></div></div><div id="gsc_md_hist-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><style>#gsc_md_hist{width:80%;max-width:386px;}#gsc_md_hist_c{position:relative;width:100%;}</style><div id="gsc_md_hist_c"></div></div></div></div><div data-h="600" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds gs_md_wmw"><div id="gsc_md_cbyd" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gsc_md_cbyd-t" data-cid="gsc_md_cbyd_l" data-wfc="gsc_md_cbyd-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_md_cbyd-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gsc_md_cbyd" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gsc_md_cbyd-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t">Duplicate citations</h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"></div></div><div id="gsc_md_cbyd-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><form id="gsc_md_cbyd_f" action="/citations?hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&view_op=list_works" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="s" value=""><div class="gs_md_lbl">The following articles are merged in Scholar. Their <a id="gsc_md_cbyd_c" href="javascript:void(0)">combined citations</a> are counted only for the first article.</div><div id="gsc_md_cbyd_l"></div></form></div></div></div><div data-h="600" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds gs_md_wmw"><div id="gsc_md_cbym" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gsc_md_cbym-t" data-cid="gsc_md_cbym_l" data-wfc="gsc_md_cbym-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_md_cbym-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gsc_md_cbym" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gsc_md_cbym-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t">Merged citations</h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"></div></div><div id="gsc_md_cbym-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><div class="gs_md_lbl">This "Cited by" count includes citations to the following articles in Scholar. The ones marked <span id="gsc_md_cbym_s">*</span> may be different from the article in the profile.</div><div id="gsc_md_cbym_l" data-act="/citations?hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&view_op=list_works"></div></div></div></div><div data-h="900" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds gs_md_wmw"><div id="gsc_md_cod" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi gsc_cod_lc" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gsc_md_cod-t" data-cid="gsc_cods_res" data-wfc="gsc_md_cod-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_md_cod-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gsc_md_cod" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gsc_md_cod-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t"><span id="gsc_cod_t"><span id="gsc_cod_tadd">Add co-authors</span><span id="gsc_cod_tedit">Co-authors</span><a id="gsc_cod_trev" href="javascript:void(0)" data-txt="Review" data-lim="Limit reached"></a></span></h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"><button type="button" id="gsc_cod_done" aria-label="Add co-authors" disabled class="gs_btnDNW gs_in_ib gs_btn_act gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsb"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></span></button></div></div><div id="gsc_md_cod-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><div id="gsc_cods_urls" class="gsc_cods_hide" data-ls="" data-lc="/citations?view_op=list_colleagues&hl=en&json=&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ" data-sa=""></div><form id="gsc_cods_save" action="" method="POST"><input type="hidden" name="colleague_add"><input type="hidden" name="colleague_del"></form><div id="gsc_cods_res"></div></div></div></div><div data-h="800" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds gs_md_wmw"><div id="gs_md_cita-d" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gs_md_cita-d-t" data-cid="gs_md_cita-l" data-wfc="gs_md_cita-d-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gs_md_cita-d-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gs_md_cita-d" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gs_md_cita-d-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t"></h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"><button type="button" id="gs_md_cita-b-save" aria-label="Save" class="gs_btnDNW gs_in_ib gs_btn_act gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsb"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></span></button></div></div><div id="gs_md_cita-d-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><style>#gs_md_cita-d{width:90%;max-width:1000px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_md_cita-d{width:100%;max-width:none;}#gs_md_cita-d .gs_md_prg{min-height:600px;}</style><div id="gs_md_cita-l" aria-live="assertive"></div></div></div></div><div data-h="0" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds gs_md_wmw"><div id="gsc_md_fol" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gsc_md_fol-t" data-wfc="gsc_md_fol-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_md_fol-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gsc_md_fol" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gsc_md_fol-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t">Follow</h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"></div></div><div id="gsc_md_fol-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><form method="post" id="gsc_fol_f" action="/citations?hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&view_op=list_works"><input type="hidden" name="xsrf" value="ADIE8skAAAAAZ0f68i8BNerfKHofZpXZK9K7z0s"><input type="hidden" name="user" value="90lkhLMAAAAJ"><div id="gsc_fol_inp"></div><div id="gsc_fol_cb"><div class="gsc_fol_cr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_fol_a" role="checkbox" aria-checked="false" data-s="0" class="gs_cb_gen gs_in_cb"><span class="gs_lbl">New articles by this author</span><span class="gs_chk"></span><span class="gs_cbx"></span></a></div><div class="gsc_fol_cr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_fol_c" role="checkbox" aria-checked="false" data-s="0" class="gs_cb_gen gs_in_cb"><span class="gs_lbl">New citations to this author</span><span class="gs_chk"></span><span class="gs_cbx"></span></a></div><div class="gsc_fol_cr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_fol_r" role="checkbox" aria-checked="false" data-s="0" class="gs_cb_gen gs_in_cb"><span class="gs_lbl">New articles related to this author's research</span><span class="gs_chk"></span><span class="gs_cbx"></span></a></div></div><div id="gsc_fol_email"><label id="gsc_fol_ml" for="gsc_fol_m">Email address for updates</label><div class="gs_in_txtw gs_in_txtb"><input type="text" class="gs_in_txt" name="email_for_op" value="" id="gsc_fol_m" maxlength="100" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off"><div class="gs_in_txts"></div></div></div><div class="gs_md_btns"><button type="submit" id="gsc_fol_b" disabled class=" gs_btn_act gs_btn_lrge gs_btn_lsu"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_lbl">Done</span></span></button></div></form></div></div></div><!--[if lte IE 9]><div class="gs_alrt" style="padding:16px"><div>Sorry, some features may not work in this version of Internet Explorer.</div><div>Please use <a href="//www.google.com/chrome/">Google Chrome</a> or <a href="//www.mozilla.com/firefox/">Mozilla Firefox</a> for the best experience.</div></div><![endif]--><div id="gs_hdr_drw" class="gs_md_ulr gs_md_ds" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" data-shd="gs_hdr_drs" data-wfc="gs_hdr_drw_mnu" data-cfc="gs_hdr_mnu"><div id="gs_hdr_drw_in"><div id="gs_hdr_drw_top"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gs_hdr_drw_mnu" role="button" aria-controls="gs_hdr_drw" aria-label="Options" class="gs_btnMNT gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><a id="gs_hdr_drw_lgo" href="/schhp?hl=en" aria-label="Homepage"></a></div><div><div class="gs_hdr_drw_sec"><a href="/citations?hl=en" role="menuitem" class="gs_btnPRO gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">My profile</span></a><a href="/scholar?scilib=1&hl=en" role="menuitem" class="gs_btnL gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">My library</span></a><a href="/citations?view_op=metrics_intro&hl=en" role="menuitem" class="gs_btnJ gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">Metrics</span></a><a href="/scholar_alerts?view_op=list_alerts&hl=en" role="menuitem" class="gs_btnM gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">Alerts</span></a></div><div class="gs_hdr_drw_sec"><a href="/scholar_settings?hl=en" role="menuitem" class="gs_btnP gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">Settings</span></a></div></div><div id="gs_hdr_drw_bot" class="gs_hdr_drw_sec"><a href="https://accounts.google.com/Login?hl=en&continue=https://scholar.google.com/schhp%3Fhl%3Den" class=" gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">Sign in</span></a></div></div></div><div id="gs_hdr" role="banner" class="gs_hdr_src"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gs_hdr_mnu" role="button" aria-controls="gs_hdr_drw" class="gs_btnMNT gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><a id="gs_hdr_lgo" class="" href="/schhp?hl=en" aria-label="Homepage"></a><div id="gs_hdr_md"><div id="gs_hdr_srch"><form id="gs_hdr_frm" action="/citations"><input type=hidden name="view_op" value="search_authors"><input type=hidden name="hl" value="en"><div class="gs_in_txtw gs_in_txtb"><input type="text" class="gs_in_txt" name="mauthors" value="" id="gs_hdr_tsi" placeholder="Search profiles" size="50" maxlength="2048" autocapitalize="off" aria-label="Search"><div class="gs_in_txts"></div></div><span id="gs_hdr_tsc"><span class="gs_ico gs_ico_X"></span></span><button type="submit" id="gs_hdr_tsb" name="btnG" aria-label="Search" class="gs_btnG gs_in_ib gs_btn_act gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsb"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></span></button></form></div></div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gs_hdr_sre" role="button" aria-controls="gs_hdr_frm" aria-label="Search" class="gs_btnTSB gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><div id="gs_hdr_act"><a id="gs_hdr_act_s" href="https://accounts.google.com/Login?hl=en&continue=https://scholar.google.com/schhp%3Fhl%3Den">Sign in</a></div></div><style>#gs_alrt{position:fixed;bottom:48px;left:16px;max-width:384px;z-index:1250;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;font-size:13px;line-height:16px;color:#e2e2e2;background:#333;text-align:left;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:0 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 6px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 18px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12);visibility:hidden;transform-origin:center;transform:scale(0.8,0.8) translate(0,100%);}.gs_el_ph #gs_alrt{bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;max-width:none;border-radius:0;box-shadow:none;transform:scale(1,1) translate(0,100%);}#gs_alrt.gs_vis{visibility:visible;transform:scale(1,1) translate(0,0);}#gs_alrt.gs_anm{transition:transform .067s cubic-bezier(.4,0,1,1),visibility 0s .067s;}#gs_alrt.gs_vis.gs_anm{transition:transform .067s cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1);}.gs_el_ph #gs_alrt.gs_anm{transition:transform .084s cubic-bezier(.4,0,1,1),visibility 0s .084s;}.gs_el_ph #gs_alrt.gs_vis.gs_anm{transition:transform .1s cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1);}#gs_alrt_m{display:block;padding:16px;}#gs_alrt_l{display:block;padding:8px;margin:0 8px 0 -8px;border-radius:3px;color:#fcc934;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;}#gs_alrt_l:hover{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,.05)}#gs_alrt_l:active{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,.1)}#gs_alrt_l:empty{display:none}#gs_alrt_m a{padding:8px 0;color:#e2e2e2;text-decoration:underline;}#gs_alrt_m a:active{color:#f6aea9}</style><form action="" method="post" id="gs_alrt"><span id="gs_alrt_m"></span><span id="gs_alrt_h"></span><a id="gs_alrt_l" href="javascript:void(0)" class="gs_fm_s" data-fm="gs_alrt"></a></form><div id="gs_bdy"><div id="gs_bdy_sb" role="navigation"><div id="gs_bdy_sb_in"></div></div><div id="gs_bdy_ccl" role="main"><div id="gsc_bdy" class="gs_scl" data-tab="gsc_prf_t-art" data-usv=""><div class="gsc_rsb" role="navigation"><a id="gsc_rsb_gpl" class="gsc_rsb_s" href="/citations?hl=en">Get my own profile</a><div class="gsc_rsb_s gsc_prf_pnl" id="gsc_rsb_cit" role="region" aria-labelledby="gsc_prf_t-cit"><h3 class="gsc_rsb_header"><span class="gsc_rsb_title">Cited by</span><button type="button" id="gsc_hist_opn" class=" gs_btn_flat gs_btn_flact gs_btn_lrge gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsu gsc_rsb_action"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_lbl">View all</span></span></button></h3><table id="gsc_rsb_st"><thead><tr><th class="gsc_rsb_sth"></th><th class="gsc_rsb_sth">All</th><th class="gsc_rsb_sth">Since 2019</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="gsc_rsb_sc1"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_rsb_f gs_ibl" title="This is the number of citations to all publications. The second column has the "recent" version of this metric which is the number of new citations in the last 5 years to all publications.">Citations</a></td><td class="gsc_rsb_std">8543</td><td class="gsc_rsb_std">3883</td></tr><tr><td class="gsc_rsb_sc1"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_rsb_f gs_ibl" title="h-index is the largest number h such that h publications have at least h citations. The second column has the "recent" version of this metric which is the largest number h such that h publications have at least h new citations in the last 5 years.">h-index</a></td><td class="gsc_rsb_std">28</td><td class="gsc_rsb_std">25</td></tr><tr><td class="gsc_rsb_sc1"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_rsb_f gs_ibl" title="i10-index is the number of publications with at least 10 citations. The second column has the "recent" version of this metric which is the number of publications that have received at least 10 new citations in the last 5 years.">i10-index</a></td><td class="gsc_rsb_std">37</td><td class="gsc_rsb_std">31</td></tr></tbody></table><style>.gsc_g_t{position:absolute;bottom:0;color:#777;font-size:11px;}.gsc_g_a{position:absolute;bottom:13px;width:15px;background:#777;}.gsc_g_a:hover,.gsc_g_a:focus,.gsc_g_a:active{text-decoration:none;cursor:default;}.gsc_g_al{position:absolute;bottom:15px;left:7px;color:#222;background:white;font-size:11px;padding:1px;border:1px solid #777;border-radius:1px;visibility:hidden;opacity:0;transition:opacity .218s,visibility 0s .218s;}.gsc_g_a:hover .gsc_g_al,.gsc_g_a:focus .gsc_g_al,.gsc_g_a:active .gsc_g_al{visibility:visible;opacity:1;transition:all 0s;}#gsc_md_hist{max-width:546px;}.gsc_md_hist_w{position:relative;overflow:hidden;margin-right:43px;}.gs_md_bdy .gsc_md_hist_w,.gs_el_ph .gsc_md_hist_w,.gs_el_ta .gsc_md_hist_w{overflow-x:auto;padding-bottom:16px;}.gsc_md_hist_b{position:relative;height:174px;width:100%;}.gsc_md_hist_b .gsc_g_a{bottom:auto;}.gsc_md_hist_b .gsc_g_t{bottom:auto;top:161px;}.gsc_md_hist_b:after{position:absolute;right:504px;content:"\00A0";}.gsc_g_hist_x{position:relative;margin-right:45px;}.gsc_g_hist_xl{position:absolute;right:8px;width:35px;}.gs_el_ta .gsc_g_hist_xl,.gs_el_ph .gsc_g_hist_xl{right:16px;}.gsc_g_hist_wrp{padding-top:32px;position:relative;}.gs_el_ta .gsc_g_hist_wrp,.gs_el_ph .gsc_g_hist_wrp{padding-right:8px;}.gs_md_bdy .gsc_g_hist_wrp{border-top:0;}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_bdy .gsc_g_hist_wrp:after,.gs_el_tc.gs_el_ph .gsc_g_hist_wrp:after,.gs_el_tc.gs_el_ta .gsc_g_hist_wrp:after{display:block;content:"";position:absolute;z-index:100;top:0;left:0;width:20px;height:100%;background-image:linear-gradient(to left,rgba(255,255,255,0),rgba(255,255,255,1) 80%);}.gsc_g_x,.gsc_g_xt{position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:1px solid #eee;width:100%;text-align:right;}.gsc_g_x{border-bottom:1px solid #eee;}.gsc_g_xtl{position:absolute;color:#777;}.gsc_g_gtr{position:absolute;}.gsc_g_a:last-child .gsc_g_al{right:0;left:auto;}</style><div class="gsc_g_hist_wrp" dir="rtl"><div class="gsc_g_hist_x"><div class="gsc_g_x" style="top:160px;"></div><div class="gsc_g_xt" style="top:0px;"></div><div class="gsc_g_xt" style="top:80px;"></div><div class="gsc_g_xt" style="top:120px;"></div><div class="gsc_g_xt" style="top:40px;"></div></div><div class="gsc_g_hist_xl"><div class="gsc_g_xtl" style="top:153px;">0</div><div class="gsc_g_xtl" style="top:-7px;">740</div><div class="gsc_g_xtl" style="top:73px;">370</div><div class="gsc_g_xtl" style="top:113px;">185</div><div class="gsc_g_xtl" style="top:33px;">555</div></div><div class="gsc_md_hist_w"><div class="gsc_md_hist_b"><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:451px">2010</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:419px">2011</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:387px">2012</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:355px">2013</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:323px">2014</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:291px">2015</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:259px">2016</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:227px">2017</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:195px">2018</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:163px">2019</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:131px">2020</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:99px">2021</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:67px">2022</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:35px">2023</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:3px">2024</span><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:456px;top:141px;height:19px;z-index:15"><span class="gsc_g_al">88</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:424px;top:119px;height:41px;z-index:14"><span class="gsc_g_al">194</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:392px;top:88px;height:72px;z-index:13"><span class="gsc_g_al">334</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:360px;top:46px;height:114px;z-index:12"><span class="gsc_g_al">529</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:328px;top:29px;height:131px;z-index:11"><span class="gsc_g_al">608</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:296px;top:12px;height:148px;z-index:10"><span class="gsc_g_al">688</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:264px;top:4px;height:156px;z-index:9"><span class="gsc_g_al">724</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:232px;top:5px;height:155px;z-index:8"><span class="gsc_g_al">718</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:200px;top:25px;height:135px;z-index:7"><span class="gsc_g_al">626</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:168px;top:3px;height:157px;z-index:6"><span class="gsc_g_al">727</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:136px;top:15px;height:145px;z-index:5"><span class="gsc_g_al">674</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:104px;top:4px;height:156px;z-index:4"><span class="gsc_g_al">726</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:72px;top:28px;height:132px;z-index:3"><span class="gsc_g_al">614</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:40px;top:32px;height:128px;z-index:2"><span class="gsc_g_al">595</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:8px;top:44px;height:116px;z-index:1"><span class="gsc_g_al">540</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_rsb_s gsc_prf_pnl" id="gsc_rsb_mnd" role="region" aria-labelledby="gsc_prf_t-mnd"><div class="gsc_rsb_header gsc_rsb_m_header"><div class="gsc_rsb_m_title">Public access</div><a href="/citations?view_op=list_mandates&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ" id="gsc_lwp_mndt_lnk">View all</a></div><div class="gsc_rsb_hm gs_ota gs_oph"><button type="button" onclick="window.location='/citations?view_op\x3dlist_mandates\x26hl\x3den\x26user\x3d90lkhLMAAAAJ'" class=" gs_btn_flat gs_btn_flact gs_btn_lrge gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsu"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_lbl">View all</span></span></button></div><div class="gsc_rsb_m"><div class="gsc_rsb_m_a"><span>36 articles</span></div><div class="gsc_rsb_m_na"><div class="gs_gray">0 articles</div></div><div class="gsc_rsb_m_bar"><div class="gsc_rsb_m_bar_na" style="width:0%"></div></div><div class="gsc_rsb_m_a"><span>available</span></div><div class="gsc_rsb_m_na"><span class="gs_gray">not available</span></div><div class="gsc_rsb_m_desc">Based on funding mandates</div></div></div><div class="gsc_rsb_s gsc_prf_pnl" id="gsc_rsb_co" role="region" aria-labelledby="gsc_prf_t-ath"><h3 class="gsc_rsb_header"><span class="gsc_rsb_title">Co-authors</span><button type="button" id="gsc_coauth_opn" class=" gs_btn_flat gs_btn_flact gs_btn_lrge gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsu gsc_rsb_action"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_lbl">View all</span></span></button></h3><ul class="gsc_rsb_a"><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb-iCQoHp0AAAAJ-img{width:32px;height:21px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb-iCQoHp0AAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb-iCQoHp0AAAAJ-img{width:56px;height:37px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb-iCQoHp0AAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="Randy L. Buckner" sizes="(max-width:981px) 56px,32px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb-iCQoHp0AAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=iCQoHp0AAAAJ&citpid=2" data-srcset="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=tiny_photo&user=iCQoHp0AAAAJ&citpid=2 32w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=iCQoHp0AAAAJ&citpid=2 56w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=view_photo&user=iCQoHp0AAAAJ&citpid=2 128w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=iCQoHp0AAAAJ&hl=en">Randy L. Buckner</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">Sosland Family Professor of Psychology and of Neuroscience, Harvard University, Massachusetts</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at harvard.edu</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb-byxtZ8QAAAAJ-img{width:32px;height:32px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb-byxtZ8QAAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb-byxtZ8QAAAAJ-img{width:56px;height:56px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb-byxtZ8QAAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="Reisa Sperling" sizes="(max-width:981px) 56px,32px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb-byxtZ8QAAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="/citations/images/avatar_scholar_56.png" data-srcset="/citations/images/avatar_scholar_32.png 32w,/citations/images/avatar_scholar_56.png 56w,/citations/images/avatar_scholar_128.png 128w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=byxtZ8QAAAAJ&hl=en">Reisa Sperling</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at rics.bwh.harvard.edu</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb-fvsQfdkAAAAJ-img{width:32px;height:32px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb-fvsQfdkAAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb-fvsQfdkAAAAJ-img{width:56px;height:56px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb-fvsQfdkAAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="Keith A Johnson" sizes="(max-width:981px) 56px,32px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb-fvsQfdkAAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="/citations/images/avatar_scholar_56.png" data-srcset="/citations/images/avatar_scholar_32.png 32w,/citations/images/avatar_scholar_56.png 56w,/citations/images/avatar_scholar_128.png 128w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=fvsQfdkAAAAJ&hl=en">Keith A Johnson</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at mgh.harvard.edu</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb-S1XfwJcAAAAJ-img{width:32px;height:24px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb-S1XfwJcAAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb-S1XfwJcAAAAJ-img{width:56px;height:43px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb-S1XfwJcAAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="Aaron P Schultz" sizes="(max-width:981px) 56px,32px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb-S1XfwJcAAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=S1XfwJcAAAAJ&citpid=2" data-srcset="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=tiny_photo&user=S1XfwJcAAAAJ&citpid=2 32w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=S1XfwJcAAAAJ&citpid=2 56w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=view_photo&user=S1XfwJcAAAAJ&citpid=2 128w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=S1XfwJcAAAAJ&hl=en">Aaron P Schultz</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">Neurology - Mass. General Hospital / Harvard Medical School</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at mgh.harvard.edu</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb-wXuzJLYAAAAJ-img{width:32px;height:21px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb-wXuzJLYAAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb-wXuzJLYAAAAJ-img{width:56px;height:37px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb-wXuzJLYAAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="Margaret Sheridan" sizes="(max-width:981px) 56px,32px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb-wXuzJLYAAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=wXuzJLYAAAAJ&citpid=2" data-srcset="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=tiny_photo&user=wXuzJLYAAAAJ&citpid=2 32w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=wXuzJLYAAAAJ&citpid=2 56w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=view_photo&user=wXuzJLYAAAAJ&citpid=2 128w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=wXuzJLYAAAAJ&hl=en">Margaret Sheridan</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at unc.edu</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb-DSMnaBUAAAAJ-img{width:32px;height:32px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb-DSMnaBUAAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb-DSMnaBUAAAAJ-img{width:56px;height:56px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb-DSMnaBUAAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="Deepti Putcha" sizes="(max-width:981px) 56px,32px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb-DSMnaBUAAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="/citations/images/avatar_scholar_56.png" data-srcset="/citations/images/avatar_scholar_32.png 32w,/citations/images/avatar_scholar_56.png 56w,/citations/images/avatar_scholar_128.png 128w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=DSMnaBUAAAAJ&hl=en">Deepti Putcha</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">Assistant Professor in Psychology</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at partners.org</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb-I7G4E2EAAAAJ-img{width:32px;height:32px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb-I7G4E2EAAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb-I7G4E2EAAAAJ-img{width:56px;height:56px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb-I7G4E2EAAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="jonathan polimeni" sizes="(max-width:981px) 56px,32px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb-I7G4E2EAAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="/citations/images/avatar_scholar_56.png" data-srcset="/citations/images/avatar_scholar_32.png 32w,/citations/images/avatar_scholar_56.png 56w,/citations/images/avatar_scholar_128.png 128w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=I7G4E2EAAAAJ&hl=en">jonathan polimeni</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at nmr.mgh.harvard.edu</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb-tta1gwMAAAAJ-img{width:28px;height:32px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb-tta1gwMAAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb-tta1gwMAAAAJ-img{width:49px;height:56px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb-tta1gwMAAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="Willem Huijbers" sizes="(max-width:981px) 49px,28px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb-tta1gwMAAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=tta1gwMAAAAJ&citpid=25" data-srcset="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=tiny_photo&user=tta1gwMAAAAJ&citpid=25 28w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=tta1gwMAAAAJ&citpid=25 49w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=view_photo&user=tta1gwMAAAAJ&citpid=25 111w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=tta1gwMAAAAJ&hl=en">Willem Huijbers</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">MoCA Cognition</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at mocacognition.com</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb-YCXQq10AAAAJ-img{width:32px;height:29px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb-YCXQq10AAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb-YCXQq10AAAAJ-img{width:56px;height:51px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb-YCXQq10AAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="Leah H. Somerville" sizes="(max-width:981px) 56px,32px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb-YCXQq10AAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=YCXQq10AAAAJ&citpid=7" data-srcset="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=tiny_photo&user=YCXQq10AAAAJ&citpid=7 32w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=YCXQq10AAAAJ&citpid=7 56w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=view_photo&user=YCXQq10AAAAJ&citpid=7 128w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=YCXQq10AAAAJ&hl=en">Leah H. Somerville</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">Grafstein Family Professor of Psychology, Harvard University</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at fas.harvard.edu</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb-Pig-I4QAAAAJ-img{width:29px;height:32px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb-Pig-I4QAAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb-Pig-I4QAAAAJ-img{width:51px;height:56px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb-Pig-I4QAAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="Mert R. Sabuncu" sizes="(max-width:981px) 51px,29px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb-Pig-I4QAAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=Pig-I4QAAAAJ&citpid=5" data-srcset="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=tiny_photo&user=Pig-I4QAAAAJ&citpid=5 29w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=Pig-I4QAAAAJ&citpid=5 51w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=view_photo&user=Pig-I4QAAAAJ&citpid=5 117w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=Pig-I4QAAAAJ&hl=en">Mert R. Sabuncu</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">Cornell University, Cornell Tech, Weill Cornell Medicine</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at cornell.edu</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb-F6SPDngAAAAJ-img{width:24px;height:32px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb-F6SPDngAAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb-F6SPDngAAAAJ-img{width:42px;height:56px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb-F6SPDngAAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="Andrew Ward" sizes="(max-width:981px) 42px,24px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb-F6SPDngAAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=F6SPDngAAAAJ&citpid=2" data-srcset="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=tiny_photo&user=F6SPDngAAAAJ&citpid=2 24w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=F6SPDngAAAAJ&citpid=2 42w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=view_photo&user=F6SPDngAAAAJ&citpid=2 96w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=F6SPDngAAAAJ&hl=en">Andrew Ward</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">Roivant Sciences</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at Roivant.com</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb-Y0qQluMAAAAJ-img{width:32px;height:32px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb-Y0qQluMAAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb-Y0qQluMAAAAJ-img{width:56px;height:56px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb-Y0qQluMAAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="Sara Lazar" sizes="(max-width:981px) 56px,32px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb-Y0qQluMAAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="/citations/images/avatar_scholar_56.png" data-srcset="/citations/images/avatar_scholar_32.png 32w,/citations/images/avatar_scholar_56.png 56w,/citations/images/avatar_scholar_128.png 128w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=Y0qQluMAAAAJ&hl=en">Sara Lazar</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">Massachusetts General Hospital</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at nmr.mgh.harvard.edu</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb-mmSQacQAAAAJ-img{width:24px;height:32px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb-mmSQacQAAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb-mmSQacQAAAAJ-img{width:42px;height:56px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb-mmSQacQAAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="Jorge Sepulcre" sizes="(max-width:981px) 42px,24px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb-mmSQacQAAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=mmSQacQAAAAJ&citpid=3" data-srcset="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=tiny_photo&user=mmSQacQAAAAJ&citpid=3 24w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=mmSQacQAAAAJ&citpid=3 42w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=view_photo&user=mmSQacQAAAAJ&citpid=3 96w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=mmSQacQAAAAJ&hl=en">Jorge Sepulcre</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">Associate Professor, Yale University</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at yale.edu</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb-R1M8xJQAAAAJ-img{width:21px;height:32px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb-R1M8xJQAAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb-R1M8xJQAAAAJ-img{width:37px;height:56px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb-R1M8xJQAAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="Philip Scheltens" sizes="(max-width:981px) 37px,21px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb-R1M8xJQAAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=R1M8xJQAAAAJ&citpid=1" data-srcset="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=tiny_photo&user=R1M8xJQAAAAJ&citpid=1 21w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=R1M8xJQAAAAJ&citpid=1 37w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=view_photo&user=R1M8xJQAAAAJ&citpid=1 85w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=R1M8xJQAAAAJ&hl=en">Philip Scheltens</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">Professor of Neurology</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at amsterdamumc.nl</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb-xmrcrrsAAAAJ-img{width:32px;height:30px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb-xmrcrrsAAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb-xmrcrrsAAAAJ-img{width:56px;height:52px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb-xmrcrrsAAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="Lawrence Wald" sizes="(max-width:981px) 56px,32px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb-xmrcrrsAAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=xmrcrrsAAAAJ&citpid=3" data-srcset="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=tiny_photo&user=xmrcrrsAAAAJ&citpid=3 32w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=xmrcrrsAAAAJ&citpid=3 56w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=view_photo&user=xmrcrrsAAAAJ&citpid=3 128w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=xmrcrrsAAAAJ&hl=en">Lawrence Wald</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">MGH Radiology, Harvard Medical School</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at nmr.mgh.harvard.edu</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb-_NQseCIAAAAJ-img{width:27px;height:32px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb-_NQseCIAAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb-_NQseCIAAAAJ-img{width:48px;height:56px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb-_NQseCIAAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="Qiuyun Fan" sizes="(max-width:981px) 48px,27px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb-_NQseCIAAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=_NQseCIAAAAJ&citpid=3" data-srcset="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=tiny_photo&user=_NQseCIAAAAJ&citpid=3 27w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=_NQseCIAAAAJ&citpid=3 48w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=view_photo&user=_NQseCIAAAAJ&citpid=3 109w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=_NQseCIAAAAJ&hl=en">Qiuyun Fan</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">Tianjin University</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at tju.edu.cn</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb-r7VZl78AAAAJ-img{width:30px;height:32px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb-r7VZl78AAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb-r7VZl78AAAAJ-img{width:53px;height:56px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb-r7VZl78AAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="Douglas N Greve" sizes="(max-width:981px) 53px,30px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb-r7VZl78AAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=r7VZl78AAAAJ&citpid=2" data-srcset="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=tiny_photo&user=r7VZl78AAAAJ&citpid=2 30w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=r7VZl78AAAAJ&citpid=2 53w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=view_photo&user=r7VZl78AAAAJ&citpid=2 122w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=r7VZl78AAAAJ&hl=en">Douglas N Greve</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">MGH</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at nmr.mgh.harvard.edu</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb-SBRdT-IAAAAJ-img{width:32px;height:32px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb-SBRdT-IAAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb-SBRdT-IAAAAJ-img{width:56px;height:56px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb-SBRdT-IAAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="Tanveer Talukdar" sizes="(max-width:981px) 56px,32px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb-SBRdT-IAAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="/citations/images/avatar_scholar_56.png" data-srcset="/citations/images/avatar_scholar_32.png 32w,/citations/images/avatar_scholar_56.png 56w,/citations/images/avatar_scholar_128.png 128w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=SBRdT-IAAAAJ&hl=en">Tanveer Talukdar</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at illinois.edu</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb-Ua5q3YAAAAAJ-img{width:32px;height:28px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb-Ua5q3YAAAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb-Ua5q3YAAAAAJ-img{width:56px;height:50px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb-Ua5q3YAAAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="Juliet Davidow" sizes="(max-width:981px) 56px,32px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb-Ua5q3YAAAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=Ua5q3YAAAAAJ&citpid=4" data-srcset="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=tiny_photo&user=Ua5q3YAAAAAJ&citpid=4 32w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=Ua5q3YAAAAAJ&citpid=4 56w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=view_photo&user=Ua5q3YAAAAAJ&citpid=4 128w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=Ua5q3YAAAAAJ&hl=en">Juliet Davidow</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">Asst. Prof. Northeastern University Boston</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at northeastern.edu</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb-bebWprEAAAAJ-img{width:24px;height:32px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb-bebWprEAAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb-bebWprEAAAAJ-img{width:43px;height:56px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb-bebWprEAAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="Bradford Dickerson" sizes="(max-width:981px) 43px,24px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb-bebWprEAAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=bebWprEAAAAJ&citpid=2" data-srcset="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=tiny_photo&user=bebWprEAAAAJ&citpid=2 24w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=small_photo&user=bebWprEAAAAJ&citpid=2 43w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=view_photo&user=bebWprEAAAAJ&citpid=2 98w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=bebWprEAAAAJ&hl=en">Bradford Dickerson</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at mgh.harvard.edu</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li></ul><div class="gsc_rsb_hmv gs_ota gs_oph"><button type="button" class=" gs_btn_flat gs_btn_flact gs_btn_lrge gs_btn_lsu gsc_rsb_btnv"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_lbl">View all</span></span></button></div></div></div><div class="gsc_lcl" role="main" id="gsc_prf_w"><div id="gsc_prf"><a href="javascript:void(0)" role="button" id="gsc_prf_btnf" class="gsc_prf_btn gsc_prf_btn_top gs_btnFA gsc_prf_btn_act"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gsc_prf_btn_lbl">Follow</span></a><div id="gsc_prf_pu"><div id="gsc_prf_pua" class="gs_rimg"><style>#gsc_prf_pup-img{width:85px;height:128px;}@media print{#gs_top #gsc_prf_pup-img{width:53pt;height:80pt;}}</style><img alt="Koene R.A. Van Dijk" sizes="print 53px,85px" src="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=view_photo&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citpid=8" id="gsc_prf_pup-img" srcset="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=view_photo&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citpid=8 85w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=medium_photo&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citpid=8 171w"></div></div><div id="gsc_prf_i"><div id="gsc_prf_inw"><div id="gsc_prf_in">Koene R.A. Van Dijk</div></div><div class="gsc_prf_il"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_org&hl=en&org=2173004527418493312" class="gsc_prf_ila">Pfizer</a></div><div class="gsc_prf_il" id="gsc_prf_ivh">Verified email at pfizer.com</div><div class="gsc_prf_il" id="gsc_prf_int"><a href="/citations?view_op=search_authors&hl=en&mauthors=label:medical_imaging" class="gsc_prf_inta gs_ibl">medical imaging</a><a href="/citations?view_op=search_authors&hl=en&mauthors=label:drug_development" class="gsc_prf_inta gs_ibl">drug development</a><a href="/citations?view_op=search_authors&hl=en&mauthors=label:translational_imaging_biomarkers" class="gsc_prf_inta gs_ibl">translational imaging biomarkers</a></div></div></div></div><div id="gsc_prf_t_wrp" role="navigation"><div id="gsc_prf_t" role="tablist"><a id="gsc_prf_t-art" class="gsc_prf_tab" href="javascript:void(0)" role=tab aria-controls="gsc_art" aria-selected="true">Articles</a><a id="gsc_prf_t-cit" class="gsc_prf_tab" href="javascript:void(0)" role="tab" aria-controls="gsc_rsb_cit">Cited by</a><a id="gsc_prf_t-mnd" class="gsc_prf_tab" href="javascript:void(0)" role="tab" aria-controls="gsc_rsb_mnd">Public access</a><a id="gsc_prf_t-ath" class="gsc_prf_tab" href="javascript:void(0)" role=tab aria-controls="gsc_rsb_co">Co-authors</a></div></div><div class="gsc_lcl gsc_prf_pnl" id="gsc_art" role="region" aria-labelledby="gsc_prf_t-art"><form method="post" action="/citations?hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&view_op=list_works"><input type="hidden" name="xsrf" value="ADIE8skAAAAAZ0f68i8BNerfKHofZpXZK9K7z0s"><div id="gsc_a_tw"><table id="gsc_a_t"><thead><tr id="gsc_a_tr0" aria-hidden="true"><th class="gsc_a_t"></th><th class="gsc_a_c"></th><th class="gsc_a_y"></th></tr><tr id="gsc_a_trh"><th class="gsc_a_t" scope="col"><span id="gsc_a_ta"><a href="/citations?hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&sortby=title" class="gsc_a_a">Title</a></span><div id="gsc_dd_sort-r" class="gs_md_r gs_md_rmb gs_md_rmbl"><button type="button" id="gsc_dd_sort-b" aria-controls="gsc_dd_sort-d" aria-haspopup="true" ontouchstart="gs_evt_dsp(event)" class=" gs_in_se gs_btn_mnu gs_btn_flat gs_btn_lrge gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsu gs_press gs_md_tb"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_lbl">Sort</span><span class="gs_icm"></span></span></button><div id="gsc_dd_sort-d" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_md_ulr" role="menu" tabindex="-1"><div id="gsc_dd_sort-s" class="gs_oph gsc_dd_sec gsc_dd_sep"><a role="menuitem" href="/citations?hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&view_op=list_works" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li gsc_dd_sort-sel">Sort by citations</a><a role="menuitem" href="/citations?hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&sortby=pubdate" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">Sort by year</a><a role="menuitem" href="/citations?hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&sortby=title" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">Sort by title</a></div></div></div></th><th class="gsc_a_c" scope="col" dir="rtl"><span id="gsc_a_ca"><div class="gs_nph">Cited by</div><div class="gs_oph">Cited by</div></span></th><th class="gsc_a_y" scope="col"><span class="gsc_a_h" id="gsc_a_ha"><a href="/citations?hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&sortby=pubdate" class="gsc_a_a">Year</a></span></th></tr></thead><tbody id="gsc_a_b"><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=90lkhLMAAAAJ:YsMSGLbcyi4C" class="gsc_a_at">The influence of head motion on intrinsic functional connectivity MRI</a><div class="gs_gray">KRA Van Dijk, MR Sabuncu, RL Buckner</div><div class="gs_gray">Neuroimage 59 (1), 431-438<span class="gs_oph">, 2012</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=9500828232463304624" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">2516</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2012</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=90lkhLMAAAAJ:u5HHmVD_uO8C" class="gsc_a_at">Intrinsic functional connectivity as a tool for human connectomics: theory, properties, and optimization</a><div class="gs_gray">KRA Van Dijk, T Hedden, A Venkataraman, KC Evans, SW Lazar, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Journal of neurophysiology 103 (1), 297-321<span class="gs_oph">, 2010</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=10312543376030338322" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">2104</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2010</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=90lkhLMAAAAJ:u-x6o8ySG0sC" class="gsc_a_at">Disruption of functional connectivity in clinically normal older adults harboring amyloid burden</a><div class="gs_gray">T Hedden, KRA Van Dijk, JA Becker, A Mehta, RA Sperling, KA Johnson, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Journal of Neuroscience 29 (40), 12686-12694<span class="gs_oph">, 2009</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=17340276113050293475" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">685</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2009</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=90lkhLMAAAAJ:Y0pCki6q_DkC" class="gsc_a_at">Neuronal dysfunction and disconnection of cortical hubs in non-demented subjects with elevated amyloid burden</a><div class="gs_gray">A Drzezga, JA Becker, KRA Van Dijk, A Sreenivasan, T Talukdar, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Brain 134 (6), 1635-1646<span class="gs_oph">, 2011</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=17207433754719237673" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">410</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2011</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=90lkhLMAAAAJ:3fE2CSJIrl8C" class="gsc_a_at">The parahippocampal gyrus links the default‐mode cortical network with the medial temporal lobe memory system</a><div class="gs_gray">AM Ward, AP Schultz, W Huijbers, KRA Van Dijk, T Hedden, RA Sperling</div><div class="gs_gray">Human brain mapping 35 (3), 1061-1073<span class="gs_oph">, 2014</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=13359843480097328762" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">316</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2014</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=90lkhLMAAAAJ:2osOgNQ5qMEC" class="gsc_a_at">Intrinsic connectivity between the hippocampus and posteromedial cortex predicts memory performance in cognitively intact older individuals</a><div class="gs_gray">L Wang, P LaViolette, K O'Keefe, D Putcha, A Bakkour, KRA Van Dijk, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Neuroimage 51 (2), 910-917<span class="gs_oph">, 2010</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=13936509216776967285" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">303</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2010</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=90lkhLMAAAAJ:-38epGy1wY0C" class="gsc_a_at">MGH–USC Human Connectome Project datasets with ultra-high b-value diffusion MRI</a><div class="gs_gray">Q Fan, T Witzel, A Nummenmaa, KRA Van Dijk, JD Van Horn, MK Drews, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Neuroimage 124, 1108-1114<span class="gs_oph">, 2016</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=2920091205906067772" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">225</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2016</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=90lkhLMAAAAJ:d1gkVwhDpl0C" class="gsc_a_at">No protective effects of education during normal cognitive aging: results from the 6-year follow-up of the Maastricht Aging Study.</a><div class="gs_gray">KRA Van Dijk, PWM Van Gerven, MPJ Van Boxtel, W Van der Elst, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Psychology and aging 23 (1), 119<span class="gs_oph">, 2008</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=12889205403291419515" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">161</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2008</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=90lkhLMAAAAJ:3_f9JqYsqVQC" class="gsc_a_at">Parallel distributed networks resolved at high resolution reveal close juxtaposition of distinct regions</a><div class="gs_gray">RM Braga, KRA Van Dijk, JR Polimeni, MC Eldaief, RL Buckner</div><div class="gs_gray">Journal of neurophysiology 121 (4), 1513-1534<span class="gs_oph">, 2019</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=14261959699193700978" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">143</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2019</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=90lkhLMAAAAJ:Q3-QASNKTMEC" class="gsc_a_at">Disrupted functional connectivity of cerebellar default network areas in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder</a><div class="gs_gray">A Kucyi, MJ Hove, J Biederman, KRA Van Dijk, EM Valera</div><div class="gs_gray">Human brain mapping 36 (9), 3373-3386<span class="gs_oph">, 2015</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=8792884142070054710" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">139</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2015</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=90lkhLMAAAAJ:I2jIoRS3jIgC" class="gsc_a_at">Basal forebrain volume reliably predicts the cortical spread of Alzheimer’s degeneration</a><div class="gs_gray">S Fernández-Cabello, M Kronbichler, KRA Van Dijk, JA Goodman, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Brain 143 (3), 993-1009<span class="gs_oph">, 2020</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=9143691249804071377" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">124</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2020</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=90lkhLMAAAAJ:j2GSQqY3pL0C" class="gsc_a_at">Brain network reconfiguration and perceptual decoupling during an absorptive state of consciousness</a><div class="gs_gray">MJ Hove, J Stelzer, T Nierhaus, SD Thiel, C Gundlach, DS Margulies, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Cerebral Cortex 26 (7), 3116-3124<span class="gs_oph">, 2015</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=4785257738996030939" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">114</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2015</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=90lkhLMAAAAJ:s2G-WRnXBicC" class="gsc_a_at">Amygdala subnuclei resting-state functional connectivity sex and estrogen differences</a><div class="gs_gray">J Engman, C Linnman, KRA Van Dijk, MR Milad</div><div class="gs_gray">Psychoneuroendocrinology 63, 34-42<span class="gs_oph">, 2016</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=9235160351715341123" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">103</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2016</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=90lkhLMAAAAJ:qjMakFHDy7sC" class="gsc_a_at">Use of covariates in randomized controlled trials</a><div class="gs_gray">GJP Van Breukelen, KRA Van Dijk</div><div class="gs_gray">Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 13 (5), 903-904<span class="gs_oph">, 2007</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=15868039372057511268" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">99</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2007</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=90lkhLMAAAAJ:3x-KLxxGyuUC" class="gsc_a_at">Free water in white matter differentiates MCI and AD from control subjects</a><div class="gs_gray">M Dumont, M Roy, PM Jodoin, FC Morency, JC Houde, Z Xie, C Bauer, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Frontiers in aging neuroscience 11, 270<span class="gs_oph">, 2019</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=14697235295974594931" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">92</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2019</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=90lkhLMAAAAJ:KsTgnNRry18C" class="gsc_a_at">Functional connectivity between anterior insula and key nodes of frontoparietal executive control and salience networks distinguish bipolar depression from unipolar depression …</a><div class="gs_gray">KK Ellard, JP Zimmerman, N Kaur, KRA Van Dijk, JL Roffman, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 3 (5), 473-484<span class="gs_oph">, 2018</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=4925259940015552203" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">90</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2018</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=90lkhLMAAAAJ:WF5omc3nYNoC" class="gsc_a_at">Failure to modulate attentional control in advanced aging linked to white matter pathology</a><div class="gs_gray">T Hedden, KRA Van Dijk, EH Shire, RA Sperling, KA Johnson, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Cerebral cortex 22 (5), 1038-1051<span class="gs_oph">, 2012</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=16395663915798605833" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">83</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2012</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=90lkhLMAAAAJ:oH8HCDhqVGsC" class="gsc_a_at">Accelerated decline in white matter integrity in clinically normal individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease</a><div class="gs_gray">A Rieckmann, KRA Van Dijk, RA Sperling, KA Johnson, RL Buckner, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Neurobiology of aging 42, 177-188<span class="gs_oph">, 2016</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=11782466513338096643" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">77</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2016</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=90lkhLMAAAAJ:o9ULDYDKYbIC" class="gsc_a_at">Investigating the capability to resolve complex white matter structures with high b-value diffusion magnetic resonance imaging on the MGH-USC Connectom scanner</a><div class="gs_gray">Q Fan, A Nummenmaa, T Witzel, R Zanzonico, B Keil, S Cauley, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Brain connectivity 4 (9), 718-726<span class="gs_oph">, 2014</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=15448654561400568535" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">68</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2014</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=90lkhLMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=90lkhLMAAAAJ:hB2aVRuWZNwC" class="gsc_a_at">Less head motion during MRI under task than resting-state conditions</a><div class="gs_gray">W Huijbers, KRA Van Dijk, MM Boenniger, R Stirnberg, MMB Breteler</div><div class="gs_gray">Neuroimage 147, 111-120<span class="gs_oph">, 2017</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=5554644246412645740" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">61</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2017</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div id="gsc_a_sp"></div><div id="gsc_a_err" class="gs_alrt">The system can't perform the operation now. Try again later.</div></div><div id="gsc_lwp"><span id="gsc_a_nn">Articles 1–20</span><div id="gsc_bpf"><button type="button" id="gsc_bpf_more" class="gs_btnPD gs_in_ib gs_btn_flat gs_btn_lrge gs_btn_lsu"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_lbl">Show more</span></span></button></div></div></form></div></div></div></div><div id="gs_ftr_sp" role="presentation"></div><div id="gs_ftr" class="gs_md_rmb" role="contentinfo"><div id="gs_ftr_rt"><a href="//www.google.com/intl/en/policies/privacy/">Privacy</a><a href="//www.google.com/intl/en/policies/terms/">Terms</a><a href="javascript:void(0)" ontouchstart="gs_evt_dsp(event)" role="button" aria-controls="gs_ftr_mnu" aria-haspopup="true" class="gs_press gs_md_tb">Help</a></div><div id="gs_ftr_mnu" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi gs_md_ulr" role="menu" tabindex="-1"><a role="menuitem" href="/intl/en/scholar/about.html" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">About Scholar</a><a role="menuitem" href="//support.google.com/websearch?p=scholar_dsa&hl=en" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">Search help</a></div></div></div></body></html>