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耶路撒冷 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-名称" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#名称"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>名称</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-名称-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关历史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-史前時代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#史前時代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>史前時代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-史前時代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-定名耶路撒冷" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定名耶路撒冷"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>定名耶路撒冷</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定名耶路撒冷-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第一圣殿时期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第一圣殿时期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>第一圣殿时期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第一圣殿时期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第二圣殿时期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第二圣殿时期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>第二圣殿时期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第二圣殿时期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中世紀時期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中世紀時期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>中世紀時期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中世紀時期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-鄂圖曼帝国時期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#鄂圖曼帝国時期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>鄂圖曼帝国時期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-鄂圖曼帝国時期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-近代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#近代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>近代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-近代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-英国托管时期(1917年-1948年)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#英国托管时期(1917年-1948年)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>英国托管时期(1917年-1948年)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-英国托管时期(1917年-1948年)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-约旦/以色列分治时期(1948年-1967年)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#约旦/以色列分治时期(1948年-1967年)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>约旦/以色列分治时期(1948年-1967年)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-约旦/以色列分治时期(1948年-1967年)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1967年,六日战争之后" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1967年,六日战争之后"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>1967年,六日战争之后</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1967年,六日战争之后-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教意义" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教意义"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>宗教意义</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教意义-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>地理</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-地理-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关地理子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-地理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-气候" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#气候"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>气候</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-气候-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人口" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人口"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>人口</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人口-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政府" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政府"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>政府</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-政府-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关政府子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-政府-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-成為以色列首都" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#成為以色列首都"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>成為以色列首都</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-成為以色列首都-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>文化</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文化子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-体育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#体育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>体育</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-体育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-媒体" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#媒体"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>媒体</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-媒体-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-经济" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#经济"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>经济</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-经济-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-交通" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#交通"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>交通</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-交通-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-教育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>教育</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地位问题" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地位问题"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>地位问题</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地位问题-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-友好城市" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#友好城市"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>友好城市</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-友好城市-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关友好城市子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-友好城市-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-夥伴城市" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#夥伴城市"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>夥伴城市</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-夥伴城市-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-備注" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#備注"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>備注</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-備注-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">耶路撒冷</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。237种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-237" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">237种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Quds" title="Al-Quds – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Al-Quds" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%A9%E1%88%B3%E1%88%8C%E1%88%9D" title="እየሩሳሌም – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እየሩሳሌም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherusalem" title="Cherusalem – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cherusalem" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierusalem" title="Ierusalem – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ierusalem" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruselem" title="Jeruselem – 奥博洛语" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Jeruselem" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="奥博洛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE" title="येरुशलम – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="येरुशलम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="القدس – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القدس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%AB%DC%A0%DC%A1" title="ܐܘܪܫܠܡ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܘܪܫܠܡ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="لقدس – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لقدس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="القدس – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="القدس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE" title="জেৰুজালেম – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জেৰুজালেম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerusal%C3%A9n" title="Xerusalén – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xerusalén" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Байтул Макъдис – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Байтул Макъдис" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE" title="जेरुशलम – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जेरुशलम" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C3%BCds" title="Qüds – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qüds" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="بیتالمقدس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیتالمقدس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Ҡодос – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡодос" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerozal%C4%97" title="Jerozalė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Jerozalė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herusalem" title="Herusalem – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Herusalem" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Іерусалім – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іерусалім" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Ерусалім – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ерусалім" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9tulmegedis" title="Bétulmegedis – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bétulmegedis" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Йерусалим – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йерусалим" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE" title="येरुशलम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="येरुशलम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baitul_Maqdis" title="Baitul Maqdis – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Baitul Maqdis" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 班巴拉语" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="班巴拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE" title="জেরুসালেম – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জেরুসালেম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="ཇེ་རུ་ས་ལེམ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཇེ་རུ་ས་ལེམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A9n" title="Jerusalén – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Jerusalén" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A0-l%C3%B4-s%C3%A1k-l%C4%93ng" title="Ià-lô-sák-lēng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ià-lô-sák-lēng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81-%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Къудс-ГӀала – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Къудс-ГӀала" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalen" title="Jerusalen – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Jerusalen" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 查莫罗语" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="查莫罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%95%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ئورشەلیم – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئورشەلیم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghjerusaleme" title="Ghjerusaleme – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ghjerusaleme" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qudus" title="Qudus – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Qudus" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzal%C3%A9m" title="Jeruzalém – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jeruzalém" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerozol%C3%ABma" title="Jerozolëma – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Jerozolëma" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%87%D1%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8A" title="Їєроусалимъ – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Їєроусалимъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%C4%95%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Мĕрселин – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мĕрселин" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeriwsalem" title="Jeriwsalem – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jeriwsalem" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur%C5%9Felim" title="Urşelim – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Urşelim" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE" title="जेरुशलम – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="जेरुशलम" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%AB%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%9D%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%A9%DE%89%DE%B0" title="އޫރުޝަލީމް – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އޫރުޝަލީމް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AE%CE%BC" title="Ιερουσαλήμ – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιερουσαλήμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalemo" title="Jerusalemo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jerusalemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A9n" title="Jerusalén – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jerusalén" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruusalemm" title="Jeruusalemm – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jeruusalemm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A9n" title="Jerusalén – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Jerusalén" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="اورشلیم – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اورشلیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruusalemm" title="Jeruusalemm – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Jeruusalemm" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalemi" title="Jerusalemi – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Jerusalemi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jer%C3%BAsalem" title="Jerúsalem – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jerúsalem" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9rusalem" title="Jérusalem – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jérusalem" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalim" title="Jeruzalim – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jeruzalim" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iar%C3%BAsail%C3%A9im" title="Iarúsailéim – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iarúsailéim" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="耶路撒冷" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9rusalem" title="Jérusalem – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Jérusalem" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierusalem" title="Ierusalem – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ierusalem" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerusal%C3%A9n" title="Xerusalén – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xerusalén" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herusal%E1%BA%BD" title="Herusalẽ – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Herusalẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌹𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌼𐌰 – 哥特语" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌹𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌼𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A2-lu-sat-l%C3%A2ng" title="Yâ-lu-sat-lâng – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yâ-lu-sat-lâng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ielukalema" title="Ielukalema – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Ielukalema" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ירושלים – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ירושלים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE" title="यरुशलम – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यरुशलम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerizal%C3%A8m" title="Jerizalèm – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jerizalèm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzs%C3%A1lem" title="Jeruzsálem – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jeruzsálem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%B4" title="Երուսաղեմ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երուսաղեմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A7%D5%B4" title="Երուսաղէմ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Երուսաղէմ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerusalem" title="Yerusalem – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yerusalem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 国际文字(E)" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字(E)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herusalem" title="Herusalem – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Herusalem" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Байтулмакъдис – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Байтулмакъдис" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierusalem" title="Ierusalem – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ierusalem" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jer%C3%BAsalem" title="Jerúsalem – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jerúsalem" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerusalemme" title="Gerusalemme – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gerusalemme" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AC%E3%83%A0" title="エルサレム – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エルサレム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiruusalem" title="Jiruusalem – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Jiruusalem" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A9rusalem" title="Yérusalem – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Yérusalem" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="იერუსალიმი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იერუსალიმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qud%C4%B1s" title="Al-Qudıs – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Al-Qudıs" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%E1%B9%9Bacalim" title="Uṛacalim – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Uṛacalim" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8D" title="Къудс Къалэ – 卡巴尔德语" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Къудс Къалэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzal%C9%9Bm" title="Jeruzalɛm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Jeruzalɛm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusha%CC%B1lima" title="Urusha̱lima – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Urusha̱lima" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerussalem" title="Yerussalem – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Yerussalem" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 吉库尤语" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉库尤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%98" title="យេរូសាឡឹម – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="យេរូសាឡឹម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82" title="ಜೆರುಸಲೆಂ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೆರುಸಲೆಂ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%88%EB%A3%A8%EC%82%B4%EB%A0%98" title="예루살렘 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="예루살렘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or%C5%9Fel%C3%AEm" title="Orşelîm – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Orşelîm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierosolyma" title="Hierosolyma – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hierosolyma" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerushalayim" title="Yerushalayim – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Yerushalayim" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Ярусалим – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Ярусалим" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieruxalim" title="Ieruxalim – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ieruxalim" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerusalemme" title="Gerusalemme – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Gerusalemme" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierusalem" title="Ierusalem – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ierusalem" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ger%C3%BCsalem" title="Gerüsalem – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gerüsalem" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerusal%C3%A9mi" title="Yerusalémi – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Yerusalémi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A2%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B9%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E2%80%8B%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%A1" title="ເຢຣູຊາເລັມ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຢຣູຊາເລັມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzal%C4%97" title="Jeruzalė – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jeruzalė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzaleme" title="Jeruzaleme – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jeruzaleme" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE" title="जेरुसेलम – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जेरुसेलम" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Ерусалим – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ерусалим" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerosalema" title="Jerosalema – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jerosalema" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiruharama_(City)" title="Hiruharama (City) – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hiruharama (City)" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerusalem" title="Yerusalem – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Yerusalem" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Ерусалим – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ерусалим" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%82" title="ജെറുസലേം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജെറുസലേം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE" title="जेरुसलेम – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जेरुसलेम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baitulmuqaddis" title="Baitulmuqaddis – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Baitulmuqaddis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0erusalemm" title="Ġerusalemm – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġerusalemm" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarusalen" title="Jarusalen – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Jarusalen" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%86%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဂျေရုဆလင်မြို့ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျေရုဆလင်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="اورشلیم القدس – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اورشلیم القدس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gierusalemme" title="Gierusalemme – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Gierusalemme" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE" title="जेरुसेलम – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जेरुसेलम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9rusalem" title="Jérusalem – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Jérusalem" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 齐切瓦语" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="齐切瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A8m" title="Jerusalèm – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jerusalèm" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalimu" title="Jerusalimu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Jerusalimu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%AE" title="ଜେରୁସାଲେମ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜେରୁସାଲେମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE" title="ਜੇਰੂਸਲਮ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੇਰੂਸਲਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herusalem" title="Herusalem – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Herusalem" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9rusalem" title="Jérusalem – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Jérusalem" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruusalem" title="Jeruusalem – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Jeruusalem" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerozolima" title="Jerozolima – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jerozolima" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerusalem" title="Gerusalem – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gerusalem" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="القدس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="القدس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AE%CE%BC" title="Ιερουσαλήμ – 旁狄希臘文" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ιερουσαλήμ" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="旁狄希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="بيت المقدس – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بيت المقدس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A9m" title="Jerusalém – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jerusalém" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirusalim" title="Hirusalim – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hirusalim" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 隆迪语" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="隆迪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierusalim" title="Ierusalim – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ierusalim" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerusalemme" title="Gerusalemme – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Gerusalemme" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Єрусалим – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Єрусалим" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerusalemu" title="Yerusalemu – 卢旺达语" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Yerusalemu" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="卢旺达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱡᱮᱨᱩᱥᱟᱞᱤᱢ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱮᱨᱩᱥᱟᱞᱤᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerusalemme" title="Gerusalemme – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Gerusalemme" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girusalemmi" title="Girusalemmi – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Girusalemmi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%84%D9%85" title="يروشلم – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="يروشلم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierusalema" title="Ierusalema – 萨摩亚语" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Ierusalema" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="萨摩亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusarema" title="Jerusarema – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Jerusarema" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qudus" title="Qudus – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Qudus" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalemi" title="Jeruzalemi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jeruzalemi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Јерусалим – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јерусалим" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 苏里南汤加语" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="苏里南汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerusalem" title="Yerusalem – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Yerusalem" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerusalemu" title="Yerusalemu – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Yerusalemu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerozolima" title="Jerozolima – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Jerozolima" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எருசலேம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எருசலேம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%82" title="జెరూసలేం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జెరూసలేం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Уршалим – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Уршалим" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1" title="เยรูซาเลม – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เยรูซาเลม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudus" title="Kudus – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kudus" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herusalem" title="Herusalem – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Herusalem" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C7%A6uds" title="Ǧuds – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ǧuds" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerusalem" title="Yerusalem – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Yerusalem" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kud%C3%BCs" title="Kudüs – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kudüs" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 通布卡语" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="通布卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%87%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%87%D8%B3" title="قۇددۇس – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قۇددۇس" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Єрусалим – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Єрусалим" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%84%D9%85" title="یروشلم – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یروشلم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quddus" title="Quddus – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Quddus" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruza%C5%82eme" title="Jeruzałeme – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Jeruzałeme" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalim" title="Jerusalim – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Jerusalim" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierusalem" title="Hierusalem – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Hierusalem" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djeruzalem" title="Djeruzalem – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="耶路撒冷" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJerusalem" title="IJerusalem – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IJerusalem" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="იერუსალიმი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იერუსალიმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ירושלים – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ירושלים" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jer%C3%BAs%C3%A1l%E1%BA%B9%CC%81m%C3%B9" title="Jerúsálẹ́mù – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Jerúsálẹ́mù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%87%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%99" title="ⵍⵇⵓⴷⵙ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵍⵇⵓⴷⵙ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="耶路撒冷" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A2-l%C5%8D%CD%98-sat-l%C3%A9ng" title="Iâ-lō͘-sat-léng – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iâ-lō͘-sat-léng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="耶路撒冷" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IYerusalem" title="IYerusalem – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IYerusalem" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1218#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" hreflang="zh"><span>维基新闻</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" hreflang="zh"><span>维基导游</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1218" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div 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</div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科,自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-6efe926b" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="People"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-hant:依諾增爵; zh-hans:依诺增爵; zh-hk:諾森; zh-cn:意诺增爵;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><span class="fn org">耶路撒冷</span><br /><span class="nickname">ירושלים<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="希伯來語">(希伯来文)</span> <br />القُدس<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="阿拉伯語">(阿拉伯文)</span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><span class="category">市</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_infobox_image.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="從左上開始:耶路撒冷天際線、玛米拉、舊城與圆顶清真寺、舊城的露天市場、以色列國會、西墙、大卫塔和舊城的城牆"><img alt="從左上開始:耶路撒冷天際線、玛米拉、舊城與圆顶清真寺、舊城的露天市場、以色列國會、西墙、大卫塔和舊城的城牆" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Jerusalem_infobox_image.JPG/250px-Jerusalem_infobox_image.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Jerusalem_infobox_image.JPG/375px-Jerusalem_infobox_image.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Jerusalem_infobox_image.JPG/500px-Jerusalem_infobox_image.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1734" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span><div><b>從左上開始</b>:耶路撒冷天際線、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E7%B1%B3%E6%8B%89" title="玛米拉">玛米拉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%97%A7%E5%9F%8E" title="耶路撒冷旧城">舊城</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86%E9%A1%B6%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="圆顶清真寺">圆顶清真寺</a>、舊城的露天市場、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83" title="以色列國會">以色列國會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A2%99" title="西墙">西墙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%E5%A1%94" title="大卫塔">大卫塔</a>和舊城的城牆</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84040992">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jerusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="耶路撒冷旗幟"><img alt="耶路撒冷旗幟" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Jerusalem.svg/100px-Flag_of_Jerusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Jerusalem.svg/150px-Flag_of_Jerusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Jerusalem.svg/200px-Flag_of_Jerusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="459" /></a></span><br /><small>旗幟</small></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Jerusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="耶路撒冷徽章"><img alt="耶路撒冷徽章" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Emblem_of_Jerusalem.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Jerusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Emblem_of_Jerusalem.svg/90px-Emblem_of_Jerusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Emblem_of_Jerusalem.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Jerusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="68" data-file-height="100" /></a></span><br /><small>徽章</small></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">綽號:<span class="nickname"><i><span lang="he" dir="rtl" title="希伯來語文本">Ir ha-Kodesh</span>‎</i>(圣城)、<i><span lang="ar" dir="rtl" title="阿拉伯語文本">Bayt al-Maqdis</span>‎</i>(圣家)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r66786032">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="耶路撒冷在以色列的位置"><img alt="耶路撒冷在以色列的位置" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Israel_location_map.svg/250px-Israel_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="465" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Israel_location_map.svg/375px-Israel_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Israel_location_map.svg/500px-Israel_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span><div class="od notheme mw-no-invert" style="top:40.979%;left:58.675%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="耶路撒冷"><img alt="耶路撒冷" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;left:4px"><div>耶路撒冷</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">坐标:<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&params=31.7789_N_35.2256_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">31°46′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°13′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">31.7789°N 35.2256°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.7789; 35.2256</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">宣称主权</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a><small>(认为耶路撒冷应该成为<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%80%8B%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="耶路撒冷獨立個體">独立个体</a>)</small><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9C%8B" title="巴勒斯坦國">巴勒斯坦</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">实际控制</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="以色列行政区划">以色列行政区</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%8C%BA" title="耶路撒冷区">耶路撒冷区</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%9F" title="巴勒斯坦领土">巴勒斯坦领土</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E7%9C%81" title="耶路撒冷省">耶路撒冷省</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">政府<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 市长</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="摩西·利翁" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Moshe Lion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E7%BF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摩西·利翁(页面不存在)">摩西·利翁</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moshe_Lion" class="extiw" title="en:Moshe Lion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Moshe Lion</span></a></span>)</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">面积<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 市</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">125.156 平方公里(48.323 平方英里)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 都會區<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">652 平方公里(252 平方英里)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">海拔<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">754 公尺(2,474 英尺)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">人口<span style="font-weight:normal">(2018<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 市</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">919,438人</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="人口密度">密度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7,300人/平方公里(19,000人/平方英里)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E6%9C%83%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="都會區">都會區</a><span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1,253,900<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E5%8C%BA" title="时区">时区</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" title="以色列標準時間">IST</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴勒斯坦标准时间(页面不存在)"> PST</a>(<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6" title="夏时制">夏时制</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%A4%8F%E4%BB%A4%E6%97%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列夏令时(页面不存在)">IDT</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%A4%8F%E4%BB%A4%E6%97%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴勒斯坦夏令时(页面不存在)"> PDT</a>(<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E5%8C%BA%E5%8F%B7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="国际电话区号列表">電話區號</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">海外:+972-2<br />本地:02</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">網站</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070711062220/http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_main/defaultnew.asp?lng=2">jerusalem.muni.il</a><sup class="reference" id="ref_muni-site"><a href="#endnote_muni-site">[iv]</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>耶路<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r81921555">.mw-parser-output ruby>rt,.mw-parser-output ruby>rtc{font-variant-east-asian:ruby;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output ruby.large{font-size:250%}.mw-parser-output ruby.larger{font-size:300%}.mw-parser-output ruby.large>rt,.mw-parser-output ruby.large>rtc{font-size:.3em}.mw-parser-output ruby.larger>rt,.mw-parser-output ruby.larger>rtc{font-size:.25em}</style><ruby><rb>撒</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>sā</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>冷</b><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希伯來語">希伯來語</a>:<span lang="he" dir="rtl">יְרוּשָׁלַיִם</span>‎,<small>羅馬化:</small><i lang="he-Latn" title="希伯來語羅馬化">Yerushaláyim</i>,<small>发音:</small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87" title="Help:希伯来语国际音标">[jeʁuʃaˈlajim]</a></span> <span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">(<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/84\/He-Jerusalem.ogg\/He-Jerusalem.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"He-Jerusalem.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/He-Jerusalem.ogg/He-Jerusalem.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:He-Jerusalem.ogg" title="File:He-Jerusalem.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>)</span>;阿拉伯语:<span lang="ar" dir="rtl">القُدس</span>‎,<small><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8C%96" title="阿拉伯語羅馬化">羅馬化</a>:</small><i lang="ar-Latn" title="阿拉伯語羅馬化">al-Quds</i>, <small>發音:</small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:阿拉伯語國際音標">[al.quds]</a></span> <span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">(<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5d\/ArAlquds.ogg\/ArAlquds.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"ArAlquds.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/ArAlquds.ogg/ArAlquds.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:ArAlquds.ogg" title="File:ArAlquds.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>)</span>,<small>當地發音:</small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="國際音標標示發音" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:國際音標">[il.ʔuds]</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Elihay2011_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elihay2011-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>,漢譯:<b>聖城</b>、<b>古都斯</b>或<b>古德斯</b>,意為「神聖的」;<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>時期的<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="景教徒">景教徒</a>曾根據<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="敘利亞語">敘利亞語</a>「<span lang="syr-latn">Ūrišlem</span>」譯作<b>烏梨師斂</b><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)为<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%87%A1%E7%89%B9" title="黎凡特">黎凡特</a>的一座城市,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>實際控制全城並将其视为本国首都,而<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F%E5%91%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="联合国观察员列表">联合国观察员</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="巴勒斯坦国">巴勒斯坦国</a>认为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="东耶路撒冷">其东部</a>为該国首都<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。古代欧洲人将該城视为世界的中心。耶路撒冷位於<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E6%B5%B7" title="死海">死海</a>之间,是史前的全球宗教重镇,也是完整保留<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%E8%AF%B8%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="亚伯拉罕诸教">亚伯拉罕诸教</a>信仰文明演进史的一个城市。耶路撒冷同时是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%E8%AF%B8%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="亚伯拉罕诸教">亚伯拉罕诸教</a>(或称「三大天启宗教」以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="一神论">一神论</a>)的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%9C%B0" title="聖地">聖地</a>。自公元前10世纪,<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%80%E7%BD%97%E9%97%A8%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="所罗门王">所罗门王</a>建成<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%80%E7%BD%97%E9%97%A8%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF" title="所罗门圣殿">第一圣殿</a>起,耶路撒冷一直是犹太教信仰的中心和最神圣的城市<sup id="cite_ref-1000BCE_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1000BCE-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,昔日圣殿的遗蹟西墙,仍是犹太教最神圣的所在。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92" title="基督徒">基督徒</a>也相当重视耶路撒冷,因为根据《<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a>》记载,<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="耶稣">耶稣</a>在这里<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E5%8F%97%E9%9A%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="耶稣受难">受难</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E8%91%AC%E7%A6%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="耶穌葬禮">埋葬</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E5%A4%8D%E6%B4%BB" title="耶稣复活">復活</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E5%8D%87%E5%A4%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="耶稣升天">升天</a>。伊斯兰教亦将耶路撒冷列为<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%8A%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="麦加">麦加</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%9C%B0%E9%82%A3" title="麦地那">麦地那</a>之后的第三圣地,以纪念<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德">穆罕默德</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9C%E8%A1%8C%E7%99%BB%E9%9C%84" title="夜行登霄">夜行登霄</a><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,并在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF%E5%B1%B1" title="圣殿山">圣殿山</a>上建造兩座<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="清真寺">清真寺</a>——<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%90%A8%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="阿克萨清真寺">阿克萨清真寺</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86%E9%A1%B6%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="圆顶清真寺">圆顶清真寺</a>来纪念这一事件。 </p><p>自1967年<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第三次中东战争">第三次中东战争</a>之后,以色列控制了全部的耶路撒冷地区,包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="西耶路撒冷">西耶路撒冷</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="东耶路撒冷">东耶路撒冷</a>,以及老城区。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="巴勒斯坦国">巴勒斯坦国</a>都聲稱耶路撒冷是他們的首都,<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">猶太人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92" title="基督徒">基督徒</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>均相信此處是他們的宗教聖城。不過,兩國的聲稱在國際社會上都沒有得到廣泛承認。一般认为该市的最终地位尚未确定,有待以色列和巴勒斯坦双方協商谈判。多数国家都将驻以色列大使馆设在<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%AB" title="特拉维夫">特拉维夫</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。今天耶路撒冷仍然是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="中东战争">以巴冲突</a>的中心。以色列现行政区划上设<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%8C%BA" title="耶路撒冷区">耶路撒冷区</a>,面积652平方公里,只有一个分区,即<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶路撒冷分区(页面不存在)">耶路撒冷分区</a>。 </p><p>2017年,耶路撒冷市区面积为126平方公里,人口约900,000人,這兩項指標均居以色列和巴勒斯坦各城市之首<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>今天的耶路撒冷,是一个對比強烈的城市。不同<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">文化</a>、不同<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>、不同<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="民族">民族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="社会">社会</a>不同阶层,同处一城;城市的东西两部分截然不同,发展水平悬殊。老城<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E6%B3%95%E9%97%A8" title="雅法门">雅法门</a>以西的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="西耶路撒冷">西耶路撒冷</a>(1967年以前属于以色列的市区)是现代以色列的核心地带(如果再继续向西数十公里,就是以<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%AB" title="特拉维夫">特拉维夫</a>为中心的「<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E5%A4%AB%E9%83%BD%E6%9C%83%E5%8D%80" title="特拉維夫都會區">古什·但</a>」區域),而老城及其东、北、南三面的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="东耶路撒冷">东耶路撒冷</a>(1967年后以色列占领的争议区域)则以阿拉伯人为主。最特别的地方是面积只有1平方公里,被一圈城墙所围绕的<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%97%A7%E5%9F%8E" title="耶路撒冷旧城">耶路撒冷老城</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其中又分为4个宗教与种族聚居区:犹太区、基督徒区、亚美尼亚区和穆斯林区。耶路撒冷最重要的也引起重大争议的宗教圣地,均位于此处:<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A2%99" title="西墙">西墙</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF%E5%B1%B1" title="圣殿山">圣殿山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯蘭教</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86%E9%A1%B6%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="圆顶清真寺">圆顶清真寺</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%90%A8%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="阿克萨清真寺">阿克萨清真寺</a>,以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%A2%93%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="圣墓教堂">圣墓教堂</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E8%B7%AF" title="苦路">苦路</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="名称"><span id=".E5.90.8D.E7.A7.B0"></span>名称</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:名称"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>耶路撒冷名称的来源尚无法确定。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="希伯来语">希伯来语</a>中,<i>Yerushalaim</i>这个名字可以理解为<i>yerusha</i>(遗产)和<i>shalom</i>(和平)的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E8%AF%8D" title="合成词">合成词</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>另一个比较普遍的解释是它将《圣经》裡两个城市的名字结合在一起:耶布斯(Jebus)和撒冷(Salem,意「和平」)。耶布斯是希伯來人來到當地之前,<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%BA" title="迦南人">迦南人</a>為該城所起的名字;而撒冷这个地名出现在《<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E4%B8%96%E8%A8%98" title="創世記">创世纪</a>》14章,是大祭司<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%9F%BA%E6%B4%97%E5%BE%B7" title="麥基洗德">麦基洗德</a>的住处,他为来到这里的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95" title="亞伯拉罕">亚伯拉罕</a>祝福<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉伯文">阿拉伯文</a>中耶路撒冷的名称是<span lang="ar" dir="rtl" title="阿拉伯語文本">القدس</span>‎或<span lang="ar" dir="rtl" title="阿拉伯語文本">بيت المقدس</span>‎。<span lang="ar" dir="rtl" title="阿拉伯語文本">قدس</span>‎的意思是<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%9C%B0" title="聖地">圣地</a>,在词前<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>加<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A0%E8%AF%8D" title="冠词">冠词</a><span lang="ar" dir="rtl" title="阿拉伯語文本">ال</span>‎成为<span lang="ar" dir="rtl" title="阿拉伯語文本">القدس</span>‎,特指圣城耶路撒冷。同样的,<span lang="ar" dir="rtl" title="阿拉伯語文本">بيت</span>‎意为房屋、住宅,<span lang="ar" dir="rtl" title="阿拉伯語文本">المقدس</span>‎意为神圣的(人)、圣洁的(人),两词合起来组成<span lang="ar" dir="rtl" title="阿拉伯語文本">بيت المقدس</span>‎则特指圣城耶路撒冷,字面意思也是圣人之家即圣地。<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="耶路撒冷历史">耶路撒冷历史</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="史前時代"><span id=".E5.8F.B2.E5.89.8D.E6.99.82.E4.BB.A3"></span>史前時代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:史前時代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="考古学">考古</a>发现显示,今天的耶路撒冷的开发可以追溯到西元前四千年<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>关于该市最早的文字记载见于前19世纪的埃及诅咒祷文和前14世纪的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%A5%88%E6%96%87%E4%B9%A6" title="阿马尔奈文书">阿馬爾奈文書</a><sup id="cite_ref-vaughn_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vaughn-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="定名耶路撒冷"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E5.90.8D.E8.80.B6.E8.B7.AF.E6.92.92.E5.86.B7"></span>定名耶路撒冷</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节:定名耶路撒冷"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>大约在西元前1000年,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%E7%8E%8B" title="大衛王">大卫王</a>率领以色列人经<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E8%AE%AD%E6%B3%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基训泉(页面不存在)">基训泉</a>水道,攻破<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="耶布斯人">耶布斯人</a>的城堡并夺取该城,向南扩建城市并定都于此,更改成今天的名称「<b>Yerushalayim</b>」(耶路撒冷)<sup id="cite_ref-promise_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-promise-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。大卫王在此統治33年,他將<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E6%AB%83" title="約櫃">約櫃</a>迁到耶路撒冷并为约柜建立会幕,还想进一步建造圣殿,却被<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="耶和华">耶和华</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%9F%A5" title="先知">先知</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E5%8D%95_(%E5%85%88%E7%9F%A5)" title="拿单 (先知)">拿單</a>所阻止<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第一圣殿时期"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E5.9C.A3.E6.AE.BF.E6.97.B6.E6.9C.9F"></span>第一圣殿时期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节:第一圣殿时期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Jerusalem_Temple.jpg/220px-Jerusalem_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Jerusalem_Temple.jpg/330px-Jerusalem_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Jerusalem_Temple.jpg/440px-Jerusalem_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>古耶路撒冷城牆之建築遺跡</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_ruins_from_Davids.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Jerusalem_ruins_from_Davids.jpg/220px-Jerusalem_ruins_from_Davids.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Jerusalem_ruins_from_Davids.jpg/330px-Jerusalem_ruins_from_Davids.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Jerusalem_ruins_from_Davids.jpg/440px-Jerusalem_ruins_from_Davids.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1397" data-file-height="2099" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%E5%9F%8E" title="大卫城">大卫城</a></figcaption></figure> <p>大卫的统治结束于前970年,他的儿子<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%80%E7%BD%97%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="所罗门">所罗门</a>继承王位达四十年<sup id="cite_ref-wwbible_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwbible-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在《圣经·<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E7%8E%8B%E7%B4%80_(%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93)" title="列王紀 (聖經)">列王紀上</a>》第五章至第六章记载,所罗门在即位後第四年開始,花费十年时间在城内建造<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="第一聖殿">第一圣殿</a>。所罗门圣殿所在的地方是最后确知的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E6%AB%83" title="約櫃">约柜</a>所在的地方,后来在犹太人历史中一直具有重要地位(在一定程度上对基督教也很重要)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,也是犹太人崇拜的焦点。这座聖殿採用來自<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A8%E7%BD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="推罗">推羅</a>的岩石及<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%9F%8F" class="mw-disambig" title="香柏">香柏</a>建造,成为当地最重要的礼拜地,並取代其他地方的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E5%A3%87" title="祭壇">祭壇</a>。到“第一聖殿期”末,这座聖殿成为全国唯一的宗教场所和朝圣的中心。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Ugglan_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Jerusalem_Ugglan_1.jpg/220px-Jerusalem_Ugglan_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Jerusalem_Ugglan_1.jpg/330px-Jerusalem_Ugglan_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Jerusalem_Ugglan_1.jpg/440px-Jerusalem_Ugglan_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1528" data-file-height="1057" /></a><figcaption>第一圣殿復原图</figcaption></figure> <p>此后的400年(直到前586年所罗门圣殿被毁)被称为第一圣殿时期<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,这一时期开始于所罗门去世(前930年),北方10个支派分裂出去,成立<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F)" title="以色列王國 (後期)">以色列王國</a>。在大卫和所罗门后裔的统治下,耶路撒冷仍然是南方<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%A7%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="猶大王國">猶大王國</a>的京城,长达300多年<sup id="cite_ref-bu2-2_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bu2-2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。前722年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E4%BA%9A%E8%BF%B0%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="新亚述帝国">新亚述帝國</a>征服北方的以色列王国。前607年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E5%80%AB%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="新巴比倫帝國">新巴比倫帝國</a>国王<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%B8%83%E7%94%B2%E5%B0%BC%E6%92%92%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="尼布甲尼撒二世">尼布甲尼撒二世</a>攻破耶路撒冷,年轻的国王<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E9%9B%85%E6%96%A4" title="约雅斤">约雅斤</a>和大多数<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F" title="貴族">貴族</a>均被掳到巴比伦囚禁。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BA%95%E5%AE%B6" title="西底家">西底家</a>的领导下,耶路撒冷反抗巴比倫的占领,前588年尼布甲尼撒二世率领大军围攻耶路撒冷。18个月后,巴比伦军队占领并摧毁这座城市,城墙被毁,聖殿被焚,圣殿中大批的金银器皿则被带到巴比伦<sup id="cite_ref-bu2-2_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bu2-2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。尼布甲尼撒俘获西底家,在他眼前杀了他的众子,并且剜了西底家的眼睛,用铜链锁着带到巴比伦<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第二圣殿时期"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.8C.E5.9C.A3.E6.AE.BF.E6.97.B6.E6.9C.9F"></span>第二圣殿时期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节:第二圣殿时期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>前538年,<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E4%BC%A6%E5%9B%9A%E8%99%8F" title="巴比伦囚虏">巴比伦之囚</a>70年后,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="波斯第一帝国">波斯第一帝国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%B2%81%E5%A3%AB%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="居鲁士二世">居鲁士大帝</a>消灭<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E5%80%AB%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="新巴比倫帝國">新巴比倫帝國</a>,為了安撫龐大的波斯帝國统治下的民族,允许犹太人回到犹太地重建耶路撒冷圣殿,圣殿重建工程在前515年3月(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B5%81%E5%A3%AB%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="大流士一世">大流士一世</a>在位第六年),也就是<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="第一聖殿">第一圣殿</a>被毁70年后完成<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。接着<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3" title="尼希米">尼希米</a>又重新修建耶路撒冷城墙,使城市又恢复繁荣<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此后600年间,犹太地先后是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="波斯帝國">波斯帝國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="亞歷山大帝國">希臘馬其顿帝國</a>、希臘<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%8B%92%E5%AF%86%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="托勒密埃及">托勒密埃及</a>、希臘<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%90%89%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="塞琉古帝國">塞琉古帝國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="罗马共和国">罗马共和國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马帝国">罗马帝國</a>的一个省份,耶路撒冷则是犹太省的首府。犹太地曾一度從塞琉古帝國手中<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%8A%A0%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="马加比起义">獨立</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%96%AF%E8%92%99%E5%B0%BC%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="哈斯蒙尼王朝">哈斯蒙尼王朝</a>,不久便成為罗马共和國的附屬國,其後前37年親羅馬的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%8B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="希律王朝">希律王朝</a>推翻<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%8A%A0%E6%AF%94%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F" title="馬加比家族">哈斯蒙尼王室</a>)。在罗马帝國统治的前期,曾委任代理王<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%8B%E7%8E%8B" title="大希律王">大希律王</a>进行统治,大希律王在位时扩建了圣殿<sup id="cite_ref-wwbible_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwbible-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,他於公元前4年去世。公元6年管治包括耶路撒冷在內的分封王<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%8B%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%9F%BA%E5%8B%9E%E6%96%AF" title="希律·阿基勞斯">希律·阿基勞斯</a>被羅馬人罷免,犹太地直接归属罗马帝國统治,和其他羅馬帝國佔領地一樣,設<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="行省">行省</a>和總督管理<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。公元33年,耶穌在時任羅馬駐猶太的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3" title="羅馬總督">羅馬總督</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="彼拉多">彼拉多</a>任內被<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E8%A2%AB%E9%87%98%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E6%9E%B6" title="耶穌被釘十字架">钉十字架</a>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_model.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jerusalem_model.jpg/220px-Jerusalem_model.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jerusalem_model.jpg/330px-Jerusalem_model.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jerusalem_model.jpg/440px-Jerusalem_model.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>耶路撒冷復古模型</figcaption></figure> <p>公元66年<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E2%80%93%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第一次猶太–羅馬戰爭">第一次猶太–羅馬戰爭</a>爆發,公元70年,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="羅馬皇帝">羅馬皇帝</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%95%E5%85%88" class="mw-redirect" title="维斯帕先">維斯帕先</a>派<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E5%9C%96%E6%96%AF" title="提圖斯">提多</a>(後來的羅馬皇帝)将军率领的罗马大军再次围困耶路撒冷达4个月25天之久,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%BB%8D%E9%9A%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬軍隊">罗马军队</a>利用先进的装备和攻城设施系统地拆除城墙,入城后拆毁了圣殿(只剩下部分墙基,即<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A2%99" title="西墙">西墙</a>),親羅馬的希律王朝亦滅亡,羅馬不再使用猶太王室去討好猶太人,親自指揮、親自部署。由于正值犹太人的一个大型节日,城内粮食很快消耗殆尽,甚至出现<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A3%9F%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="人食人">人食人</a>的现象,围困之间慘不忍睹,有大约110万人丧生,97000犹太人被俘虏,很多被卖到埃及成为奴隶。到大约公元130年耶路撒冷没有人居住,之后罗马皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%E8%89%AF" title="哈德良">哈德良</a>重建耶路撒冷城,但是作为惩罚措施,下令在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E6%9B%86" title="希伯來曆">希伯來曆</a>埃波月九日,即耶路撒冷遭<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E5%80%AB%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="新巴比倫王國">新巴比倫王國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马帝国">罗马帝國</a>两次攻陷的周年记念日(恰巧是同一日),将耶路撒冷彻底铲平,在原址新建罗马城市<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8A%A0%E6%AF%94%E5%A4%9A%E8%BF%9E" title="爱利亚加比多连">爱利亚加比多连</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF%E5%B1%B1" title="圣殿山">圣殿山</a>上另建罗马神庙;同时将犹太人赶出这一地区,禁止犹太人在耶路撒冷居住。1818年间(130~1948),犹太人不准进入耶路撒冷,從此流浪各地,直到1948年<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列獨立(页面不存在)">以色列獨立</a>為止。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中世紀時期"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F"></span>中世紀時期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节:中世紀時期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1099jerusalem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/1099jerusalem.jpg/220px-1099jerusalem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/1099jerusalem.jpg/330px-1099jerusalem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/1099jerusalem.jpg/440px-1099jerusalem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="802" /></a><figcaption>第一次十字军攻占耶路撒冷</figcaption></figure> <p>此后的5个世纪中,该市一直在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">罗马帝国</a>的统治之下,<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬帝國分裂(页面不存在)">羅馬帝國分裂</a>後由東羅馬帝國管治。4世纪,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">東羅馬帝國</a>皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" class="mw-redirect" title="君士坦丁一世 (罗马帝国)">君士坦丁一世</a>控制该市期间,耶路撒冷变成一个天主教中心,建造<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%A2%93%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="圣墓教堂">圣墓教堂</a>。当时,虽然仍然禁止犹太人居住耶路撒冷,但他们已经开始在每年的埃波月九日来到西墙前哭泣<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在罗马帝国分裂后的拜占庭帝国统治下,这座城市在天主教勢力中得到很好的保护。当时在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>方面相对宽容,从5世纪开始,犹太人重新被允许住在耶路撒冷。 </p><p>614年開始,因為波斯<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E7%8F%8A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="薩珊王朝">薩珊王朝</a>和東羅馬帝國戰爭,<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%A2%9D%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="安條克">安條克</a>、包括耶路撒冷和周边地区多次因此易主。638年,<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯帝国">阿拉伯帝国</a>從波斯手中占領聖地耶路撒冷並消滅了波斯薩珊王朝。在691年,阿拉伯哈里发<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92-%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%87%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%8D%A1%E5%A7%86" class="mw-redirect" title="阿卜杜勒-马利克·本·马尔万·本·哈卡姆">阿卜杜勒-马利克</a>在登霄石,即圣殿山聖殿的原址上建造<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86%E9%A1%B6%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="圆顶清真寺">圆顶清真寺</a>(萨赫拉清真寺)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。传说在这個地方亚伯拉罕準備以他的儿子作奉獻祭,《圣经》上记载他奉獻的是小兒子<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E6%92%92" title="以撒">以撒</a>(又譯「依撒格」、「易司哈格」),穆斯林認為他奉獻的是大兒子<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%AF%A6%E7%91%AA%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="以實瑪利">以實瑪利</a>(又譯「依市瑪耳」、「易司馬儀」)。三个世纪后他们又在这里建造<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%90%A8%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="阿克萨清真寺">阿克萨清真寺</a>。在穆斯林统治初期,在宗教上比较宽容,住在耶路撒冷的基督徒和犹太人在缴纳<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A0%AD%E7%A8%85" title="人頭稅">人頭稅</a>后,可以获得<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="自治地方">自治</a>权<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但1010年,埃及的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%8E%9B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="法蒂玛王朝">法蒂玛王朝</a>哈里发<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%9F%BA%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈基姆(页面不存在)">哈基姆</a>下令摧毁耶路撒冷所有的基督教堂和犹太会堂。 </p><p>1071年<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E6%9F%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="塞尔柱帝国">塞爾柱帝國</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E9%BD%90%E5%88%BB%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="曼齐刻尔特战役">曼齊刻爾特戰役</a>中大勝拜占庭,兩年後(一說五年後)再從<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%8E%9B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="法蒂玛王朝">法蒂玛王朝</a>手中奪得耶路撒冷,於是<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E8%AB%BE%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="教宗烏爾巴諾二世">教宗烏爾巴諾二世</a>在歐洲號召十字軍為基督徒奪回聖城。1099年,<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第一次十字军东征">第一次十字军</a>包围了耶路撒冷,一个多月后的7月15日,耶路撒冷被<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" title="十字軍東征">十字军</a>攻佔。十字军进城后,屠杀了城内大多数穆斯林和犹太人,並在这里建立了<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="耶路撒冷王國">耶路撒冷王國</a>,穆斯林不准入城。1173年,一个来到耶路撒冷的人写到,耶路撒冷是一座小城市,充满了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="東正教">東正教</a>教徒、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="亞美尼亞">亞美尼亞</a>人、希腊人和<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="喬治亞">格鲁吉亚</a>人,只有200名犹太人住在城市的一角。 </p><p>1187年,埃及穆斯林苏丹<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81" title="萨拉丁">萨拉丁</a>又重新占领耶路撒冷<sup id="cite_ref-century1_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-century1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1219年,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A6%AC%E5%A3%AB%E9%9D%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="大馬士革">大馬士革</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9_(%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93)" title="苏丹 (称谓)">苏丹</a>下令将城墙销毁。 </p><p>1228年-1229年,<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="神圣罗马帝国">神圣罗马帝国</a>皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E7%89%B9%E7%83%88%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="腓特烈二世 (神圣罗马帝国)">腓特烈二世</a>组织<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第六次十字军东征">第六次十字军东征</a>,通过与<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>签定条约,重新得到耶路撒冷。1239年,他开始重建城墙,但不久它们又被拆毁。1243年,基督徒再次占领耶路撒冷,又重建城墙。 </p><p>1244年,被<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古帝國">蒙古帝國</a>亡国的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%89%8C%E5%AD%90%E6%A8%A1%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="花剌子模王朝">花剌子模王朝</a>在逃亡途中占领耶路撒冷<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,1247年,花剌子模被埃及人驱逐。1248年—1254年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E4%BE%9D%E8%AB%BE%E5%A2%9E%E7%88%B5%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="教宗依諾增爵四世">教宗依诺增爵四世</a>发动<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第七次十字军东征">第七次十字军</a>,但无法夺回耶路撒冷。 </p><p>1253年,<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古第三次西征">蒙古第三次西征</a>,擊破多個<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭國家">伊斯蘭國家</a>,1260年,<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E7%AA%81%E8%A2%AD%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="蒙古突袭巴勒斯坦">蒙古軍入侵巴勒斯坦</a>,消滅<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%A4%E5%B8%83%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿尤布王朝">阿尤布王朝</a>,到達<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99" class="mw-redirect" title="加沙">加沙</a>,而一些歷史學者認為蒙古人的侵掠延伸至耶路撒冷城內,另一些人認為該城未有被攻下,甚至沒有被圍城。後來埃及<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%9C%A8%E7%95%99%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="馬木留克王朝">馬木留克王朝</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%9F%B3%E6%9C%AD%E9%AD%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="阿音札魯特戰役">阿音札魯特戰役</a>中擊敗<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古第三次西征">西征</a>殘餘的蒙古軍並夺取耶路撒冷,该城的犹太人不得不逃到周围的村庄避难。1291年耶路撒冷王国的最后一个据点<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%A1_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)" title="阿卡 (以色列)">阿卡城</a>被马木留克人攻陷,耶路撒冷王国不复存在。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="鄂圖曼帝国時期"><span id=".E9.84.82.E5.9C.96.E6.9B.BC.E5.B8.9D.E5.9B.BD.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F"></span>鄂圖曼帝国時期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节:鄂圖曼帝国時期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem1883.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Jerusalem1883.jpg/200px-Jerusalem1883.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Jerusalem1883.jpg/300px-Jerusalem1883.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Jerusalem1883.jpg/400px-Jerusalem1883.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1444" data-file-height="2064" /></a><figcaption>1833年耶路撒冷地图</figcaption></figure> <p>1517年,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥斯曼帝国">鄂圖曼帝国</a>占领耶路撒冷,他们控制该城市直到20世纪<sup id="cite_ref-century1_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-century1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,这时耶路撒冷重新开始繁荣,城墙和老城也被重建,城内任何宗教都可以存在,但鄂圖曼帝国后来的无能统治机构使耶路撒冷的经济陷入缓慢的衰退。到18世纪60年代,耶路撒冷的面积只有1平方公里,但已经拥挤不堪。居民开始在城墙外建新城。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="東正教">东正教会</a>在城门外建造一幢大楼。首先开始在城外建造的当地居民是犹太人。其他人模仿他们的榜样开始在城外西部和北部建造新的居民区。最后,这些居民区不断扩大,连接到一起,成为新城。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="近代"><span id=".E8.BF.91.E4.BB.A3"></span>近代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节:近代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>19世纪初,耶路撒冷只有不足8000人口,但依然是一个对犹太教、基督教和伊斯兰教都很重要的城市。城市居民分四个部分:犹太人、基督徒、穆斯林和亚美尼亚人。犹太人主要住在<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%AD%E7%89%86" class="mw-redirect" title="哭牆">哭墙</a>上方的山坡上(东南),基督徒主要住在圣墓教堂附近(西北),穆斯林主要住在圣殿山附近(东北),亚美尼亚人主要住在西南。虽然这个分化并不绝对,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>管理时期(1917年至1948年)将城市分为四个区的基础。各大宗教内部又包括许多教派,比如<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%A2%93%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="圣墓教堂">圣墓教堂</a>同时归希腊东正教、罗马天主教、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="亚美尼亚使徒教会">亚美尼亚教会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="亞歷山大科普特正教會">埃及教会</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="埃塞俄比亞正教會">埃塞俄比亚教会</a>使用,各教派之间互相冲突,以至于圣坛的钥匙要交给一个中立的伊斯蘭教阿拉伯家族保管。 </p><p>19世纪,耶路撒冷发生一些对这座城市产生长期影响的变化,它们的影响一直延伸到今天,而且是阿拉伯人与以色列对耶路撒冷争执的根本。首先是从沙皇<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="俄国">俄国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="东欧">东欧</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="中东地区">中东</a>,不断有犹太人为逃避宗教迫害而移居这里,这改变城市内的人口比例。最早的移民是极端正统派的犹太人,其中有一些是老人,他们回到这里,准备死后安葬在橄榄山上;另一些是年轻的学生,他们随同家庭到这里来,等待<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%8C%E8%B3%BD%E4%BA%9E" title="彌賽亞">救世主</a>的来临。与此同时,趁着奥斯曼帝国的衰落,欧洲殖民国家开始将它们的影响伸向耶路撒冷。这也是一个基督教复苏的时期,许多基督教派派<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E5%A3%AB" title="传教士">传教士</a>来到耶路撒冷,试图转变当地穆斯林和犹太人的信仰,他们相信这可以加速耶穌再次降临人间。最后,欧洲<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="殖民主义">殖民主义</a>与宗教热诚也引起考古学家对《圣经》中所描述的地区,尤其是对耶路撒冷发生兴趣。一些考古队做了一些很引人瞩目的发现,这就更加引起人们对耶路撒冷的兴趣。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n_desde_el_Monte_de_los_Olivos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n_desde_el_Monte_de_los_Olivos.jpg/800px-Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n_desde_el_Monte_de_los_Olivos.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n_desde_el_Monte_de_los_Olivos.jpg/1200px-Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n_desde_el_Monte_de_los_Olivos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n_desde_el_Monte_de_los_Olivos.jpg/1600px-Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n_desde_el_Monte_de_los_Olivos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="14002" data-file-height="1894" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%80%81%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="耶路撒冷老城">耶路撒冷老城</a>天际线</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="英国托管时期(1917年-1948年)"><span id=".E8.8B.B1.E5.9B.BD.E6.89.98.E7.AE.A1.E6.97.B6.E6.9C.9F.EF.BC.881917.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.8D1948.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>英国托管时期(1917年-1948年)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节:英国托管时期(1917年-1948年)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第一次世界大战">第一次世界大战</a>后期的1917年,英军中东总司令<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94" class="mw-redirect" title="艾伦比">艾伦比</a>将军向土耳其发动总攻,取得耶路撒冷战役的胜利,占领该城<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。当1917年12月11日英军占领耶路撒冷时,新城已经形成一片错综复杂的居民区群,每个居民区有一个不同的种族构成。在英国统治下,这个发展继续下去,最后,老城区演变为一个贫穷的老居民区。英国人规定耶路撒冷的建筑外表必须是沙岩做成的,来保护城市原貌。 </p><p>1922年<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="國際聯盟">國際聯盟</a>批准<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%A6%8F%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="贝尔福宣言">贝尔福宣言</a>,委托英国<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A8%97%E7%AE%A1%E5%9C%B0" title="巴勒斯坦託管地">托管此地</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="巴勒斯坦地区">巴勒斯坦</a>从此成为一个正式的名称。后来为人们熟知的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%BA" title="巴勒斯坦人">巴勒斯坦人</a>,在这个时期和以前包括了当地所有民族:阿拉伯人、犹太人、<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E7%91%AA%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="撒瑪利亞人">撒玛利亚人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="奥斯曼人">奥斯曼人</a>等等。英国并帮助在该地区建立一个犹太国家<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。托管时期该市西部和北部建起了新的花园郊区<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ingeborg-mandate_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ingeborg-mandate-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,并且建立高等教育机构,如<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="希伯来大学">希伯来大学</a>创建于1925年<sup id="cite_ref-huji-history_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huji-history-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="约旦/以色列分治时期(1948年-1967年)"><span id=".E7.BA.A6.E6.97.A6.2F.E4.BB.A5.E8.89.B2.E5.88.97.E5.88.86.E6.B2.BB.E6.97.B6.E6.9C.9F.EF.BC.881948.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.8D1967.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>约旦/以色列分治时期(1948年-1967年)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节:约旦/以色列分治时期(1948年-1967年)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Great_Synagogue05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="所罗门宫,以色列最高拉比院所在地"><img alt="所罗门宫,以色列最高拉比院所在地" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jerusalem_Great_Synagogue05.jpg/120px-Jerusalem_Great_Synagogue05.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jerusalem_Great_Synagogue05.jpg/180px-Jerusalem_Great_Synagogue05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jerusalem_Great_Synagogue05.jpg/240px-Jerusalem_Great_Synagogue05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%80%E7%BD%97%E9%97%A8%E5%AE%AB" title="所罗门宫">所罗门宫</a>,以色列最高拉比院所在地</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_National_Library_of_Israel_building_-_Amitay_Katz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="以色列国家图书馆"><img alt="以色列国家图书馆" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/The_National_Library_of_Israel_building_-_Amitay_Katz.jpg/120px-The_National_Library_of_Israel_building_-_Amitay_Katz.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/The_National_Library_of_Israel_building_-_Amitay_Katz.jpg/180px-The_National_Library_of_Israel_building_-_Amitay_Katz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/The_National_Library_of_Israel_building_-_Amitay_Katz.jpg/240px-The_National_Library_of_Israel_building_-_Amitay_Katz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86" title="以色列国家图书馆">以色列国家图书馆</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Binyanei-HaUmah.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="耶路撒冷国际会议中心"><img alt="耶路撒冷国际会议中心" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Binyanei-HaUmah.JPG/120px-Binyanei-HaUmah.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Binyanei-HaUmah.JPG/180px-Binyanei-HaUmah.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Binyanei-HaUmah.JPG/240px-Binyanei-HaUmah.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2608" data-file-height="1952" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="耶路撒冷国际会议中心">耶路撒冷国际会议中心</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Filmfestival2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="耶路撒冷电影资料馆,存档以色列电影"><img alt="耶路撒冷电影资料馆,存档以色列电影" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Filmfestival2009.jpg/120px-Filmfestival2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Filmfestival2009.jpg/180px-Filmfestival2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Filmfestival2009.jpg/240px-Filmfestival2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2213" data-file-height="1453" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%E9%A6%86" title="耶路撒冷电影资料馆">耶路撒冷电影资料馆</a>,存档以色列电影</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IBA_office.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="以色列廣播局"><img alt="以色列廣播局" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/IBA_office.jpg/120px-IBA_office.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/IBA_office.jpg/180px-IBA_office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/IBA_office.jpg/240px-IBA_office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E5%B1%80" title="以色列廣播局">以色列廣播局</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kol_israel_bldg.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="以色列之声,以色列廣播局的广播电台"><img alt="以色列之声,以色列廣播局的广播电台" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kol_israel_bldg.JPG/90px-Kol_israel_bldg.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kol_israel_bldg.JPG/135px-Kol_israel_bldg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kol_israel_bldg.JPG/180px-Kol_israel_bldg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="784" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%B9%8B%E5%A3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列之声(页面不存在)">以色列之声</a>,以色列廣播局的广播电台</div> </li> </ul> <p>随着犹太移民的增加,他们和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="阿拉伯人">阿拉伯人</a>的冲突也逐渐升级。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战</a>前夕的1939年,英国公布巴勒斯坦白皮书停止犹太人的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91" title="移民">移民</a>,限制犹太人购买阿拉伯人的土地,准备把巴勒斯坦逐步移交给一个阿拉伯人占多数的当地政府,犹太人可在该政府管辖下高度自治。但是到战后,由于从德国<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E8%90%A5" title="集中营">集中营</a>里解放出来的几十万犹太人偷渡来到巴勒斯坦的压力增加,英国既无法妥善处理阿以矛盾,而拒绝接受<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太人大屠殺">猶太人大屠殺</a>幸存者又遭到国际舆论的一致谴责,同时犹太人针对英国的暴力活动迅速升级,于是,在1947年2月15日,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>被迫宣布把巴勒斯坦问题转交<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a>处理。在进行调查以后,11月29日的联合国大会辩论巴勒斯坦问题,以33票对13票通过分立建国方案,对于耶路撒冷,则计划成立一个联合国管理下的<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%80%8B%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="耶路撒冷獨立個體">特别国际政权</a>,即不属于犹太人国家也不属于阿拉伯人国家的一部分<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,不过这个计划从未实现。1948年5月14日以色列宣布建国时,<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第一次中东战争">第一次中东战争</a>爆发,战争结束时,耶路撒冷西部被新成立的以色列国占领,而<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="东耶路撒冷">东耶路撒冷</a>(包括老城和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E6%97%A6%E6%B2%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%B2%B8%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="約旦河西岸地區">西岸</a>)被<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦">约旦</a>佔領。除英国和巴基斯坦外,其他国家都没有承认约旦对耶路撒冷东部和西岸的占领。1949年,以色列和约旦签订停战协定,划定的停火线穿过耶路撒冷的市中心。此后直到1967年,东西耶路撒冷分别属于约旦和以色列。1950年,以色列定都西耶路撒冷。同年,东耶路撒冷和約旦河西岸地區被正式合并入约旦王国,许多阿拉伯人持有约旦国护照,并保留至今。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1967年,六日战争之后"><span id="1967.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.8C.E5.85.AD.E6.97.A5.E6.88.98.E4.BA.89.E4.B9.8B.E5.90.8E"></span>1967年,六日战争之后</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节:1967年,六日战争之后"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在1967年<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第三次中东战争">六日战争</a>中,以色列占领耶路撒冷东部,立刻开始将整个城市归入以色列控制。它占领了6.4平方公里的原约旦的耶路撒冷和64平方公里的西岸并将这块地方改名为“东耶路撒冷”。被占领地区的居民假如自愿放弃他们的约旦国籍的话可以获得以色列国籍,但大多数人没有接受这个待遇,但是为以色列国的合法永久居民。战后以色列又允许投降的约旦人回到耶路撒冷,管理<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF%E5%B1%B1" title="圣殿山">圣殿山</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="清真寺">清真寺</a>,但周围有武装的以色列军警维持治安。 </p><p>1980年以色列国会制定《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%9A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E2%80%94%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%9A%84%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基本法:耶路撒冷—以色列的首都(页面不存在)">基本法:耶路撒冷—以色列的首都</a>》,确定耶路撒冷是以色列“永恆且不可分割的首都”<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,而巴勒斯坦自治政府也宣布东耶路撒冷将成为未来<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="巴勒斯坦国">巴勒斯坦国</a>的首都<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宗教意义"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.E6.84.8F.E4.B9.89"></span>宗教意义</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节:宗教意义"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>耶路撒冷是犹太教、基督教和伊斯兰教,三大宗教的圣城。广义上的伊斯兰教和基督教信徒占据世界人口的将近一半,耶路撒冷因此成为举世瞩目的最重要城市之一。耶路撒冷在3个<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%E8%AB%B8%E6%95%99" title="亞伯拉罕諸教">亚伯拉罕宗教</a>——<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a>以及其他许多较小宗教团体。2000年耶路撒冷统计年鉴显示,耶路撒冷拥有1204座<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%9C%83%E5%A0%82" title="猶太會堂">犹太会堂</a>、158座<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="教堂">教堂</a>和73座<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="清真寺">清真寺</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。不过,耶路撒冷既是宗教之间和平共存的港湾,也引起许多争论,特别是关于<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF%E5%B1%B1" title="圣殿山">圣殿山</a>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem-2013(2)-Aerial-Temple_Mount-(south_exposure).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Aerial-Temple_Mount-%28south_exposure%29.jpg/220px-Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Aerial-Temple_Mount-%28south_exposure%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Aerial-Temple_Mount-%28south_exposure%29.jpg/330px-Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Aerial-Temple_Mount-%28south_exposure%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Aerial-Temple_Mount-%28south_exposure%29.jpg/440px-Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Aerial-Temple_Mount-%28south_exposure%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7500" data-file-height="5632" /></a><figcaption>圣殿山航拍图。中间金顶为岩石圆顶清真寺。</figcaption></figure> <p>自从前10世纪,<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%80%E7%BD%97%E9%97%A8%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF" title="所罗门圣殿">所罗门圣殿</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="第一聖殿">第一圣殿</a>)在耶路撒冷建成,耶路撒冷一直是<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太教">犹太教</a>信仰的中心和最神圣的城市<sup id="cite_ref-1000BCE_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1000BCE-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。耶路撒冷对于犹太教的象征价值始终未变<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。被毁前的耶路撒冷圣殿内的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B3%E5%9C%A3%E6%89%80" title="至圣所">至圣所</a>藏有<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E6%AB%83" title="約櫃">約櫃</a>,是犹太教最神圣的所在,只有大祭司一人才有资格一年一次进入至圣所。而以色列全体男丁必须一年三次来到耶路撒冷(逾越节、住棚节和五旬节),过宗教节日<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。今天,全世界的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%9C%83%E5%A0%82" title="猶太會堂">犹太会堂</a>祈祷时仍要面朝耶路撒冷<sup id="cite_ref-returning_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-returning-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,建筑如果可能也设计成朝向耶路撒冷<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,朝向至圣所所在的地方<sup id="cite_ref-returning_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-returning-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>公元70年圣殿被罗马人夷平,仅留下部分圣殿山西侧挡土墙。<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A2%99" title="西墙">西墙</a>,作为<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF" title="第二圣殿">第二圣殿</a>的残跡,因此成为犹太教除圣殿山以外最神圣的地点。<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_sepulchre_exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Holy_sepulchre_exterior.jpg/220px-Holy_sepulchre_exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Holy_sepulchre_exterior.jpg/330px-Holy_sepulchre_exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Holy_sepulchre_exterior.jpg/440px-Holy_sepulchre_exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption>圣墓教堂大门</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>尊敬耶路撒冷,不仅因为它在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%BA%A6%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" title="旧约圣经">旧约</a>中扮演的角色,更因为耶路撒冷是<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="耶稣">耶稣</a>受难、埋葬和复活的地方。耶稣教导拜神要靠心灵和诚实,“不在这山上,也不在耶路撒冷”。根据福音书记载。耶稣在出生后不久就被带到耶路撒冷<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,耶稣12岁时就曾随父母上耶路撒冷守逾越节,在他受难前又洁净圣殿<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。耶稣在耶路撒冷,逾越节期间,度过人生的最后一周。进入耶路撒冷耶稣最后晚餐的地址位于<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E5%AE%89%E5%B1%B1" title="锡安山">锡安山</a>,紧靠大卫王墓<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。耶路撒冷老城内还有“苦路”和“苦路十四站”,纪念耶稣背负十字架走向刑场。<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%90%84%E4%BB%96" title="各各他">各各他</a>,就是耶稣被钉十字架的地方,位于今天的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%A2%93%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="圣墓教堂">圣墓教堂</a>,是老城内最重要的教堂和基督徒朝圣地。<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="約翰福音">約翰福音</a>只是说这地方位于耶路撒冷城外<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,但最近的考古证据显示各各他位于距离耶路撒冷旧城城墙不远处,就在今天城市范围之内<sup id="cite_ref-worldwide_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldwide-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-worldwide_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldwide-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_1.JPG/220px-Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_1.JPG/330px-Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_1.JPG/440px-Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3832" data-file-height="2568" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF%E5%B1%B1" title="圣殿山">圣殿山</a>上的圆顶清真寺</figcaption></figure> <p>耶路撒冷通常也被认为是伊斯兰教的第三大圣城<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="麥加">麥加</a>之前,耶路撒冷就是穆斯林祷告的方向<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在620年<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德">穆罕默德</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9C%E8%A1%8C%E7%99%BB%E9%9C%84" title="夜行登霄">夜行登霄</a>(穆斯林相信穆罕默德在一个夜里奇蹟般的从<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="麥加">麥加</a>来到耶路撒冷<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF%E5%B1%B1" title="圣殿山">圣殿山</a>,升到天堂,会见早先的先知们)之后,耶路撒冷长期被穆斯林控制<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%98%AD%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="可蘭經">古兰经</a>》17章1节记载穆罕默德夜行前往耶路撒冷的事蹟<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>今日耶路撒冷圣殿山上2座清真寺都为纪念这一事件——在古兰经中提到的是<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%90%A8%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="阿克萨清真寺">阿克萨清真寺</a>,而穆斯林相信穆罕默德夜行登霄的登霄石就在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86%E9%A1%B6%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="圆顶清真寺">圆顶清真寺</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86"></span>地理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节:地理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Zoo_lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="耶路撒冷圣经动物园"><img alt="耶路撒冷圣经动物园" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Jerusalem_Zoo_lake.jpg/120px-Jerusalem_Zoo_lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Jerusalem_Zoo_lake.jpg/180px-Jerusalem_Zoo_lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Jerusalem_Zoo_lake.jpg/240px-Jerusalem_Zoo_lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%9B%AD" title="耶路撒冷圣经动物园">耶路撒冷圣经动物园</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%94%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%A2%22%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98_-_%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="以色列国家植物园"><img alt="以色列国家植物园" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%D7%94%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%A2%22%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98_-_%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg/120px-%D7%94%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%A2%22%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98_-_%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%D7%94%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%A2%22%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98_-_%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg/180px-%D7%94%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%A2%22%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98_-_%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%D7%94%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%A2%22%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98_-_%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg/240px-%D7%94%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%A2%22%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98_-_%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%9B%AD" title="以色列国家植物园">以色列国家植物园</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yad_Vashem_view_of_Jerusalem_valley_by_David_Shankbone.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="耶路撒冷森林"><img alt="耶路撒冷森林" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Yad_Vashem_view_of_Jerusalem_valley_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/120px-Yad_Vashem_view_of_Jerusalem_valley_by_David_Shankbone.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Yad_Vashem_view_of_Jerusalem_valley_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/180px-Yad_Vashem_view_of_Jerusalem_valley_by_David_Shankbone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Yad_Vashem_view_of_Jerusalem_valley_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/240px-Yad_Vashem_view_of_Jerusalem_valley_by_David_Shankbone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶路撒冷森林(页面不存在)">耶路撒冷森林</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>耶路撒冷的地理坐标是<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&params=31_47_N_35_13_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">31°47′N</span> <span class="longitude">35°13′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">31.783°N 35.217°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.783; 35.217</span></span></span></a></span></span>;位於<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="犹大山地">犹大山地</a>南部的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="高原">高原</a>,包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E5%B1%B1" title="橄榄山">橄榄山</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" title="斯科普斯山">斯科普斯山</a>。耶路撒冷旧城的海拔高度约为760米<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。整个耶路撒冷周围被山谷与干涸的河床所包围,只有北面不是十分明显。 </p><p>在耶路撒冷有3道明显的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%B7%E5%9C%B0" title="谷地">山谷</a>:<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%B2%E6%B2%A6%E8%B0%B7" title="汲沦谷">汲沦谷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A3%E5%AB%A9%E5%AD%90%E8%B0%B7" title="欣嫩子谷">欣嫩子谷</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%BD%97%E6%99%AE%E6%B2%B3%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泰罗普河谷(页面不存在)">泰罗普河谷</a>,在耶路撒冷城南交叉。<sup id="cite_ref-bergsohn_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bergsohn-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>汲沦谷经过旧城以东,将橄榄山与城市隔开。欣嫩子谷在耶路撒冷的西面,在<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">圣经</a>末世论中是地狱的象征。<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>泰罗普河谷位于西北方,靠近今天<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A9%AC%E5%A3%AB%E9%9D%A9%E9%97%A8" title="大马士革门">大马士革门</a>的位置,向南-东南注入<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BD%97%E4%BA%9A%E6%B1%A0" title="西罗亚池">西罗亚池</a>。今天,泰罗普河谷大部分已被过去数千年来山谷内堆积起来的碎片所掩藏<sup id="cite_ref-bergsohn_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bergsohn-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>耶路撒冷的西面60公里就是<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%AB" title="特拉维夫">特拉维夫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海</a><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,东面35公里是地球表面的最低点<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E6%B5%B7" title="死海">死海</a><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。耶路撒冷邻近的城市有南面的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E6%81%86" title="伯利恆">伯利恆</a>和拜特贾拉,东面的阿布迪斯和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E9%98%BF%E6%9D%9C%E7%B1%B3%E5%A7%86" class="mw-redirect" title="马阿尔阿杜米姆">马阿尔阿杜米姆</a>,西面的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="梅瓦塞莱特锡安" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mevaseret Zion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%93%A6%E5%A1%9E%E8%8E%B1%E7%89%B9%E9%94%A1%E5%AE%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅瓦塞莱特锡安(页面不存在)">梅瓦塞莱特锡安</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevaseret_Zion" class="extiw" title="en:Mevaseret Zion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mevaseret Zion</span></a></span>)</span></span>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%AD" title="巴拉圭">巴拉圭</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E5%88%A9%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="玻利維亞">玻利维亚</a>使馆所在地),北面的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%93%A6%E7%89%B9%E6%89%8E%E4%BC%8A%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="吉瓦特扎伊夫">吉瓦特扎伊夫</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="气候"><span id=".E6.B0.94.E5.80.99"></span>气候</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节:气候"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>耶路撒冷的纬度位于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%9B%9E%E6%AD%B8%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="北回歸線">北回歸線</a>以北,靠近<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海</a>,与以色列大部分地区一样,属于<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="地中海氣候">地中海气候</a>。该市地处<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6" title="亚热带">亚热带</a>,在冬季也很温暖,但降雪不算罕见,通常每年至少会降雪一次。一月是一年中最冷的月份,平均高温为12<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="摄氏温标">摄氏度</a>(53<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="华氏温标">华氏度</a>),而一年中最热的月份是七月和八月,平均高温为29摄氏度(84华氏度)<sup id="cite_ref-weather_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weather-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>年平均降水量接近590毫米(23英寸),从5月到9月的夏季很少降水<sup id="cite_ref-weather_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weather-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div style="width:82%;"> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height: 1.2em; margin:;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">耶路撒冷(1881年-2007年) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">月份 </th> <th scope="col">1月 </th> <th scope="col">2月 </th> <th scope="col">3月 </th> <th scope="col">4月 </th> <th scope="col">5月 </th> <th scope="col">6月 </th> <th scope="col">7月 </th> <th scope="col">8月 </th> <th scope="col">9月 </th> <th scope="col">10月 </th> <th scope="col">11月 </th> <th scope="col">12月 </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">全年 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">历史最高温 °C(°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3<br />(95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2<br />(99.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8<br />(98.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.6<br />(105.1) </td> <td style="background: #D70000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.4<br />(111.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.8<br />(100.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8<br />(92.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br />(79) </td> <td style="background: #D70000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44.4<br />(111.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均高温 °C(°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">日均气温 °C(°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均低温 °C(°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">历史最低温 °C(°F) </th> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.7<br />(19.9) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.4<br />(27.7) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.3<br />(31.5) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(52) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8<br />(35.2) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−6.7<br />(19.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均降雨量 mm(英寸) </th> <td style="background: #38FF38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">133.2<br />(5.24) </td> <td style="background: #3DFF3D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118.3<br />(4.66) </td> <td style="background: #74FF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.7<br />(3.65) </td> <td style="background: #D9FFD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(0.96) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(0.13) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(0.01) </td> <td style="background: #E8FFE8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(0.61) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.8<br />(2.39) </td> <td style="background: #61FF61; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.7<br />(4.16) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">554.1<br />(21.81) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均降雨天数 </th> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.9 </td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">62 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E6%BF%95%E5%BA%A6" title="相對濕度">相對濕度</a>(%) </th> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">58 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">月均<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%85%A7%E6%99%82%E6%95%B8" title="日照時數">日照時數</a> </th> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192.2 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">226.3 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">243.6 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">267.0 </td> <td style="background: #F5F51C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">331.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">381.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">384.4 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">365.8 </td> <td style="background: #F2F216; color:#000000;" class="notheme">309.0 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">275.9 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">228.0 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192.2 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB05; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,397.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">数据来源1:Israel Meteorological Service<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">数据来源2:日照時數資料取自<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="香港天文台">香港天文台</a><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>耶路撒冷的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="空氣污染">空氣污染</a>主要来自于交通污染,特别集中于东耶路撒冷<sup id="cite_ref-friction_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-friction-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。耶路撒冷的许多主要街道无法适应交通量的增长,意味着司机被迫要在路上花费更多时间,将更多的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="一氧化碳">一氧化碳</a>释放到空气中。市内的工业污染很少,但是以色列地中海沿岸的工厂的污染物有可能向东传播到该市<sup id="cite_ref-friction_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-friction-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>自从英国托管巴勒斯坦时期起,新建建筑物编号开始全部使用<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E7%9F%B3" title="耶路撒冷石">耶路撒冷石</a>建造<sup id="cite_ref-ingeborg-mandate_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ingeborg-mandate-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。尽管这些编号增加了建筑的费用,耶路撒冷石给这座城市带来独特、古旧的外观。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人口"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E5.8F.A3"></span>人口</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节:人口"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left:1em;float:right;"> <caption>耶路撒冷人口 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>年度</th> <th>人口 </th></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1844</td> <td>15,510 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1896</td> <td>45,420 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1922</td> <td>62,578 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1931</td> <td>90,053 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1944</td> <td>157,000 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1948</td> <td>165,000 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1967</td> <td>263,307 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1980</td> <td>407,100 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1990</td> <td>524,400 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2000</td> <td>657,500 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2005</td> <td>706,400 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>1856年至1880年间,移民到巴勒斯坦的犹太人增加了一倍多,其中大部分定居在耶路撒冷<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这些移民大部分是来自东欧的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BB%80%E8%82%AF%E7%BA%B3%E5%85%B9%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="阿什肯纳兹犹太人">阿什肯纳兹犹太人</a>。 </p><p>根據1914年奥斯曼帝国的人口普查数据显示,耶路撒冷<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%89%8E" title="卡扎">卡扎</a>的总人口为120921人,其中穆斯林人數為70270人(占58%),犹太人人數為18190人(占15%)。<sup id="cite_ref-Internet_Archive_2023_v556_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Internet_Archive_2023_v556-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>英国在1919年进行的一项调查指出,耶路撒冷大多数犹太人主要是<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教正統派">猶太教正統派</a>,少数人是犹太复国主义者。在《<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%A6%8F%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="贝尔福宣言">贝尔福宣言</a>》发表后的1919年至1923年期间,耶路撒冷的犹太人口与巴勒斯坦地区的犹太人口进一步增加。<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2006年5月,耶路撒冷的人口为724,000人,其中65%为<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">犹太人</a>,32%为<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>,2%为<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92" title="基督徒">基督徒</a><sup id="cite_ref-cbs_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2005年,耶路撒冷接受了2,450名外来移民,其中四分之三来自<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a>和前<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>成员国。在以色列国内,迁入耶路撒冷的人数远低于迁出耶路撒冷的人数。2005年,有1万多名以色列公民迁入耶路撒冷,同一时期有16,000人离开耶路撒冷<sup id="cite_ref-cbs_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。基本上,耶路撒冷的人口继续上升是由于高<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%94%9F%E7%8E%87" title="出生率">出生率</a>,特别是来自<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="阿拉伯人">阿拉伯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%9B%B7%E8%BF%AA%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="哈雷迪猶太教">猶太教极端正统派</a>的群体(高于全国平均出生率)。耶路撒冷的出生率达到4.02,远高于该地区其他城市,超过特拉维夫的2倍(1.98),以色列全国平均出生率为2.90。耶路撒冷18万个家庭的平均规模达到3.8人。<sup id="cite_ref-cbs_94-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2005年,耶路撒冷居民的总数增长了13,000人(1.8%),同样高于以色列全国平均水平。该市还在继续增长之中,其宗教与种族构成也正在改变。尽管犹太人仍佔人口的多数,但在15岁以下儿童中犹太人只占31%<sup id="cite_ref-cbs_94-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这数据证明过去40年中,犹太人在耶路撒冷和全以色列的比重已经下降。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第三次中东战争">六日战争</a>爆发的1967年,犹太人占人口的74%,比2006年高9个百分点<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。一个可能的原因是该市的保守主义高涨。许多离开该市的是年轻人或属于不太保守的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a>教派;他们在<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%AB" title="特拉维夫">特拉维夫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B3%95" title="海法">海法</a>等沿海城市定居下来<sup id="cite_ref-jewish-drop_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewish-drop-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>人口统计和犹太-阿拉伯民族裂痕仍然是耶路撒冷争论的主要话题。1998年,耶路撒冷发展权利机构主席甚至建议将城市边界向西扩展,以包含更多犹太人为主的地区<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="政府"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E5.BA.9C"></span>政府</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节:政府"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>现任市长<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="摩西·利翁" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Moshe Lion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E7%BF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摩西·利翁(页面不存在)">摩西·利翁</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moshe_Lion" class="extiw" title="en:Moshe Lion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Moshe Lion</span></a></span>)</span></span>在2018年當選。 </p><p>耶路撒冷市议会有31名选举产生的成员,其中包括一名市长和6名副市长<sup id="cite_ref-corridors_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corridors-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。市议会的其余成员是不领薪水的志愿者(pro bono publico)。议员们大部分辩论和协商在私下进行,但耶路撒冷市议会每个月召开一次公开会议<sup id="cite_ref-corridors_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corridors-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在内,保守派宗教<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A" title="政党">政党</a>是一个強大的勢力,占席位的大多数<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。耶路撒冷市属于<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%8C%BA" title="耶路撒冷区">耶路撒冷区</a>,是该区的首府。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knesset_building_(edited).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="以色列國會"><img alt="以色列國會" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Knesset_building_%28edited%29.jpg/120px-Knesset_building_%28edited%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Knesset_building_%28edited%29.jpg/180px-Knesset_building_%28edited%29.jpg 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="以色列最高法院">以色列最高法院</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hutz.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="以色列外交部"><img alt="以色列外交部" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hutz.JPG/120px-Hutz.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hutz.JPG/180px-Hutz.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hutz.JPG/240px-Hutz.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8" title="以色列外交部">以色列外交部</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BankIsrael01_ST_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="以色列银行"><img alt="以色列银行" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/BankIsrael01_ST_06.jpg/120px-BankIsrael01_ST_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/BankIsrael01_ST_06.jpg/180px-BankIsrael01_ST_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/BankIsrael01_ST_06.jpg/240px-BankIsrael01_ST_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="939" data-file-height="626" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="以色列银行">以色列银行</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HaMate_HaArtzy_2_Jerusalem.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="以色列警察全国总部"><img alt="以色列警察全国总部" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/HaMate_HaArtzy_2_Jerusalem.jpg/81px-HaMate_HaArtzy_2_Jerusalem.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/HaMate_HaArtzy_2_Jerusalem.jpg/122px-HaMate_HaArtzy_2_Jerusalem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/HaMate_HaArtzy_2_Jerusalem.jpg/163px-HaMate_HaArtzy_2_Jerusalem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="312" data-file-height="459" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E9%83%A8" title="以色列警察全国总部">以色列警察全国总部</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Julius_Jacobs_house.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="以色列总理官邸"><img alt="以色列总理官邸" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Julius_Jacobs_house.jpg/120px-Julius_Jacobs_house.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Julius_Jacobs_house.jpg/180px-Julius_Jacobs_house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Julius_Jacobs_house.jpg/240px-Julius_Jacobs_house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86%E5%AE%98%E9%82%B8" title="以色列总理官邸">以色列总理官邸</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Meeting_Room_at_the_President_of_Israel_Residence.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="以色列總統官邸會客室"><img alt="以色列總統官邸會客室" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/The_Meeting_Room_at_the_President_of_Israel_Residence.jpg/104px-The_Meeting_Room_at_the_President_of_Israel_Residence.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/The_Meeting_Room_at_the_President_of_Israel_Residence.jpg/156px-The_Meeting_Room_at_the_President_of_Israel_Residence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/The_Meeting_Room_at_the_President_of_Israel_Residence.jpg/208px-The_Meeting_Room_at_the_President_of_Israel_Residence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2434" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%AE%98%E9%82%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="以色列总统官邸">以色列總統官邸</a>會客室</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="成為以色列首都"><span id=".E6.88.90.E7.82.BA.E4.BB.A5.E8.89.B2.E5.88.97.E9.A6.96.E9.83.BD"></span>成為以色列首都</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节:成為以色列首都"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1950年,以色列宣布耶路撒冷为首都,此后,以色列政府的所有部门——<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83" title="以色列國會">立法机关</a><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、司法机关<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和行政机关,包括總統府和总理府——均设在耶路撒冷市内<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。当时耶路撒冷分为2部分,分别由以色列和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦">约旦</a>管理,只有西耶路撒冷作为以色列的首都。1967年<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第三次中东战争">六日战争</a>后,以色列占领东耶路撒冷。 </p><p>1980年7月30日,以色列議會批准新法,即《<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%B3%95" title="耶路撒冷法">基本法:耶路撒冷——以色列首都</a>》,宣布耶路撒冷(包括西耶路撒冷和东耶路撒冷)是以色列「永恒的与不可分割的首都」<sup id="cite_ref-basiclaw_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basiclaw-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-basiclaw_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basiclaw-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,但聯合國依《<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83%E7%AC%AC181%E8%99%9F%E6%B1%BA%E8%AD%B0" title="聯合國大會第181號決議">第181號決議</a>》認定耶路撒冷為獨立政治主體,由聯合國代管,以色列政府對當地並無統治權。因此,耶路撒冷作為以色列國都的地位並未得到國際承認。隨後,聯合國頒布《<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E7%90%86%E4%BC%9A478%E5%8F%B7%E5%86%B3%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="联合国安理会478号决议">安全理事會第478號決議</a>》(14票赞成,0票反对,1票弃权),宣布《以色列基本法》中對於在耶路撒冷定都的相關規定應受無效宣告,并要求各成员国必须从该市撤出外交代表,以為處分措施。但在《478号决议》之前,大部分大使馆已设在以色列公認首都特拉维夫。在耶路撒冷设立大使馆的少数国家中,大部分按照决议,下令将大使馆迁往<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%AB" title="特拉维夫">特拉维夫</a>。2006年8月16日和26日,最后2个在耶路撒冷市内设立大使馆的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a>成员国—<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E6%96%AF%E8%BE%BE%E9%BB%8E%E5%8A%A0" title="哥斯达黎加">哥斯达黎加</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%9A" title="萨尔瓦多">萨尔瓦多</a>先后宣布将大使馆迁往特拉维夫<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。不过,在耶路撒冷郊外的梅瓦塞莱特锡安,设有<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%AD" title="巴拉圭">巴拉圭</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E5%88%A9%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="玻利維亞">玻利維亞</a>的大使馆。耶路撒冷市内设有<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>的总领事馆<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" title="美国国会">美国国会</a>在1995年以絕大多數通过了<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E9%A6%86%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" title="耶路撒冷大使馆法案">耶路撒冷大使馆法案</a>,其中參議院93票支持、5票反對,眾議院374票支持、37票反對,提議将美国驻以色列大使馆从特拉维夫迁到耶路撒冷。但是根據<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="美國憲法">美國憲法</a>,國會並無干預外交政策的權利,故此項法案內容有違憲之嫌。 </p><p>2017年12月6日美国总统<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D%C2%B7%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE" title="唐納·川普">特朗普</a>在白宫发表演讲,<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D%E7%BE%8E%E6%96%B9%E6%89%BF%E8%AA%8D%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="耶路撒冷首都地位美方承認案">正式宣布承认</a>耶路撒冷为以色列首都,并且宣布将<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%A7%90%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E9%A4%A8" title="美國駐以色列大使館">美国驻以色列大使馆</a>迁至耶路撒冷的计划。<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>耶路撒冷城墙以内的区域,19世纪末以前的整个城市,现在的<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%97%A7%E5%9F%8E" title="耶路撒冷旧城">耶路撒冷旧城</a>於1982年被收錄於<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%92%E5%8D%B1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="濒危世界遗产列表">世界遗产名錄</a>內。<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2017年12月13日,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="伊斯兰合作组织">伊斯蘭合作組織</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a>召開緊急高峰會,會中呼籲國際社會承認東耶路撒冷是巴勒斯坦首都。<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2017年12月21日,联合国大会以压倒性多数投票通过一项决议,认定任何宣称改变耶路撒冷地位的决定和行动“无效”<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2018年5月14日,美國驻以色列大使馆在耶路撒冷的新館正式啟用,時任美國總統川普的女兒<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%E5%8D%A1%C2%B7%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="伊凡卡·川普">伊凡卡·川普</a>及猶太裔女婿<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BA%93%E4%BB%80%E7%BA%B3" title="贾里德·库什纳">贾里德·库什纳</a>代表川普參加啟用儀式<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。自2018年3月30日,憤怒的巴勒斯坦人於加薩走廊發動為期6周的「偉大的回歸遊行」(The Great March of Return),以巴衝突在美國大使館啟用這一天(以色列建國70年紀念日)達到高峰,據加沙衛生部統計,已有52名巴勒斯坦人遭以色列軍隊射殺身亡,逾2400人受傷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节:文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>虽然耶路撒冷主要是以宗教圣地而闻名世界,不过该市同样也拥有许多的文化艺术场所。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" class="mw-redirect" title="以色列博物馆">以色列博物馆</a>是耶路撒冷最重要的艺术博物馆,每年吸引将近100万游客,其中三分之一来自以色列国外<sup id="cite_ref-il-mus-about_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-il-mus-about-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。80,000平方公尺<sup id="cite_ref-il-mus-about_112-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-il-mus-about-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>博物馆包括几个艺术机构,主要收藏来自全世界<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="考古学">考古学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91" title="雕塑">雕塑</a>和传统艺术品。以色列博物馆最著名的人文类收藏品是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E6%B5%B7%E5%8F%A4%E5%8D%B7" title="死海古卷">死海古卷</a>(1947年,发现于死海旁边的昆兰);死海古卷收藏在博物馆的“圣书之龛”中<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这座博物馆在本地区儿童教育中也扮演重要角色,每年有10万名儿童参观博物馆的青少年部<sup id="cite_ref-il-mus-about_112-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-il-mus-about-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。以色列博物馆在耶路撒冷市内拥有3个附属的艺术博物馆—<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E6%96%90%E5%8B%92%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="洛克斐勒博物館">洛克菲勒考古博物馆</a>(前巴勒斯坦考古学博物馆)、蒂肖博物馆和佩里艺术中心。洛克菲勒博物馆开放于1938年,位于东耶路撒冷,收藏有20世纪上半叶发现的史前器物<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。蒂肖博物馆位于耶路撒冷市中心,主要收藏以色列艺术家安娜·蒂肖的作品<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E9%A4%A8" title="以色列猶太大屠殺紀念館">犹太大屠杀纪念馆</a>是以色列参观者最多的景点之一,面积4200平方公尺,馆内有世界最大的有关大屠杀信息的图书馆,估计超过10万本书籍或论文<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。博物馆从犹太观点叙述大屠杀。其他博物馆收藏幸存者的艺术品<sup id="cite_ref-yad-about_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yad-about-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。除此以外还有大屠杀遇难者的纪念地;每年<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大屠杀纪念日" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yom HaShoah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E6%97%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大屠杀纪念日(页面不存在)">大屠杀纪念日</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom_HaShoah" class="extiw" title="en:Yom HaShoah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yom HaShoah</span></a></span>)</span></span>这些地方都举行纪念活动。犹太大屠杀纪念馆是一个研究与教育机构,游客在此可以对犹太大屠杀事件进行反思。 </p><p>耶路撒冷交响乐团是该市著名的管弦乐队,创立于1940年代<sup id="cite_ref-iba-history_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iba-history-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。该乐队不仅在耶路撒冷表演,也在全世界城市,包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D" title="維也納">維也納</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%A0%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F" title="美因河畔法兰克福">法兰克福</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6" title="纽约">纽约市</a><sup id="cite_ref-iba-history_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iba-history-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在从耶路撒冷老城步行距离之内,有一个文化区,包括可汗剧院,该市唯一的保留剧目剧院<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,以及耶路撒冷表演艺术中心,每年举办150多场音乐会<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。耶路撒冷音乐中心等卓越设施<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和巴勒斯坦民族剧院。巴勒斯坦民族剧院创建于1984年,起初是东耶路撒冷唯一的艺术文化机构<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>今天仍然只上演<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9C%8B" title="巴勒斯坦國">巴勒斯坦</a>观点的作品<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>自从1961年起,每年夏天举办全国性的“以色列节”<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,会出现许多国际艺术家和街头表演者。耶路撒冷主办了其中大部分节日的表演活动。另外,2000年以后,<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%88%80" title="同性戀">同性戀</a>社群在當地舉辦<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%84%E5%82%B2%E6%B8%B8%E8%A1%8C" title="骄傲游行">骄傲游行</a>,引起了穆斯林、犹太人和基督徒的一致不滿,担心“亵渎圣地”<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;甚至发生了流血事件<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,以致负责保护游行队伍的警察,请求当局取消这次游行<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Schrein_des_Buches_BW_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="以色列博物館"><img alt="以色列博物館" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Jerusalem_Schrein_des_Buches_BW_1.JPG/120px-Jerusalem_Schrein_des_Buches_BW_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Jerusalem_Schrein_des_Buches_BW_1.JPG/180px-Jerusalem_Schrein_des_Buches_BW_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Jerusalem_Schrein_des_Buches_BW_1.JPG/240px-Jerusalem_Schrein_des_Buches_BW_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3890" data-file-height="2101" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="以色列博物館">以色列博物館</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bible_Lands_Museum_Jerusalem.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="圣经地博物馆"><img alt="圣经地博物馆" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bible_Lands_Museum_Jerusalem.JPG/120px-Bible_Lands_Museum_Jerusalem.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bible_Lands_Museum_Jerusalem.JPG/180px-Bible_Lands_Museum_Jerusalem.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bible_Lands_Museum_Jerusalem.JPG/240px-Bible_Lands_Museum_Jerusalem.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="圣经地博物馆">圣经地博物馆</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Golden_Menorah_on_the_way_to_the_Western_Wall_in_the_Jewish_Quarter,_Jerusalem.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="圣殿研究所"><img alt="圣殿研究所" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/The_Golden_Menorah_on_the_way_to_the_Western_Wall_in_the_Jewish_Quarter%2C_Jerusalem.jpg/81px-The_Golden_Menorah_on_the_way_to_the_Western_Wall_in_the_Jewish_Quarter%2C_Jerusalem.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/The_Golden_Menorah_on_the_way_to_the_Western_Wall_in_the_Jewish_Quarter%2C_Jerusalem.jpg/122px-The_Golden_Menorah_on_the_way_to_the_Western_Wall_in_the_Jewish_Quarter%2C_Jerusalem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/The_Golden_Menorah_on_the_way_to_the_Western_Wall_in_the_Jewish_Quarter%2C_Jerusalem.jpg/163px-The_Golden_Menorah_on_the_way_to_the_Western_Wall_in_the_Jewish_Quarter%2C_Jerusalem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4668" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="圣殿研究所">圣殿研究所</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JERUSALEM_Mount_of_Olives_Cemetery.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="橄榄山犹太公墓"><img alt="橄榄山犹太公墓" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/JERUSALEM_Mount_of_Olives_Cemetery.JPG/120px-JERUSALEM_Mount_of_Olives_Cemetery.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/JERUSALEM_Mount_of_Olives_Cemetery.JPG/180px-JERUSALEM_Mount_of_Olives_Cemetery.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/JERUSALEM_Mount_of_Olives_Cemetery.JPG/240px-JERUSALEM_Mount_of_Olives_Cemetery.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E5%B1%B1%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%85%AC%E5%A2%93" title="橄榄山犹太公墓">橄榄山犹太公墓</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Herzl_IMG_1149.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="赫茨爾山 - 是以色列的国家公墓"><img alt="赫茨爾山 - 是以色列的国家公墓" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Mount_Herzl_IMG_1149.JPG/120px-Mount_Herzl_IMG_1149.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Mount_Herzl_IMG_1149.JPG/180px-Mount_Herzl_IMG_1149.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Mount_Herzl_IMG_1149.JPG/240px-Mount_Herzl_IMG_1149.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3454" data-file-height="2536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E8%8C%A8%E7%88%BE%E5%B1%B1" title="赫茨爾山">赫茨爾山</a> - 是以色列的国家公墓</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yad_Vashem-children%27s_monument.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="以色列猶太大屠殺紀念館 - 殉难儿童纪念碑"><img alt="以色列猶太大屠殺紀念館 - 殉难儿童纪念碑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Yad_Vashem-children%27s_monument.jpg/120px-Yad_Vashem-children%27s_monument.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Yad_Vashem-children%27s_monument.jpg/180px-Yad_Vashem-children%27s_monument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Yad_Vashem-children%27s_monument.jpg/240px-Yad_Vashem-children%27s_monument.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E9%A4%A8" title="以色列猶太大屠殺紀念館">以色列猶太大屠殺紀念館</a> - 殉难儿童纪念碑</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_14.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="从橄榄山西看,近处是耶路撒冷老城,远处是新城"><img alt="从橄榄山西看,近处是耶路撒冷老城,远处是新城" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_14.JPG/120px-Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_14.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_14.JPG/180px-Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_14.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_14.JPG/240px-Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_14.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3812" data-file-height="2540" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">从橄榄山西看,近处是耶路撒冷老城,远处是新城</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaffa_Gate_Jerusalem.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="雅法门"><img alt="雅法门" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jaffa_Gate_Jerusalem.jpg/120px-Jaffa_Gate_Jerusalem.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jaffa_Gate_Jerusalem.jpg/180px-Jaffa_Gate_Jerusalem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jaffa_Gate_Jerusalem.jpg/240px-Jaffa_Gate_Jerusalem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="446" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E6%B3%95%E9%97%A8" title="雅法门">雅法门</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="体育"><span id=".E4.BD.93.E8.82.B2"></span>体育</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节:体育"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>耶路撒冷最受欢迎的2项体育运动是<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83" title="足球">足球</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%AE%E7%90%83" title="篮球">篮球</a><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。耶路撒冷比塔尔是以色列最受欢迎的球队之一,不少前任和现任政界名人,如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%86%85%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%83%A1" title="本雅明·内塔尼亚胡">内塔尼亚胡</a>,都是该队的球迷<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。耶路撒冷另一支主要足球队耶路撒冷夏普尔足球俱乐部,是比塔尔的主要对手之一。比塔尔曾经5次赢得以色列国家杯冠军(1976、1979、1985、1986和1989年)<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>而夏普尔仅赢得过一次(1973年)。同样,比塔尔参加声望较高的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E8%B6%85%E7%BA%A7%E8%81%94%E8%B5%9B" title="以色列足球超级联赛">以色列足球超级联赛</a>,而夏普尔则参加较次的以色列甲级联赛。在篮球方面,耶路撒冷夏普尔篮球俱乐部较強。虽然在特拉维夫马卡比篮球队控制的联赛中从未赢得锦标赛,不过,耶路撒冷夏普尔已经赢得三次以色列杯(1996年、1997年和2007年)和一次<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E8%B6%B3%E8%81%94%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E8%B5%9B" title="欧足联欧洲联赛">欧洲联盟杯</a>(2004年)<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。特迪・科莱克体育场开放于1989年,是耶路撒冷主要的足球场馆,設有21,000个座位<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="媒体"><span id=".E5.AA.92.E4.BD.93"></span>媒体</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节:媒体"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>耶路撒冷是以色列的媒体中心。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E5%B1%80" title="以色列廣播局">以色列廣播局</a>的总部位于耶路撒冷,<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以色列电台" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Israel Radio"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列电台(页面不存在)">以色列电台</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Radio" class="extiw" title="en:Israel Radio"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Israel Radio</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二台 (以色列)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Channel 2 (Israel)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%B0_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二台 (以色列)(页面不存在)">第二台</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_2_(Israel)" class="extiw" title="en:Channel 2 (Israel)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Channel 2 (Israel)</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第十台 (以色列)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Channel 10 (Israel)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%8F%B0_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第十台 (以色列)(页面不存在)">第十台</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_10_(Israel)" class="extiw" title="en:Channel 10 (Israel)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Channel 10 (Israel)</span></a></span>)</span></span>的总部也位于此,<a href="/wiki/BBC%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC新聞">BBC新闻</a>也在当地设置广播室。《<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E9%82%AE%E6%8A%A5" title="耶路撒冷邮报">耶路撒冷邮报</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5" title="以色列时报">以色列时报</a>》的总部也在耶路撒冷。当地的地方报纸有《<span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="圣城报" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kol Ha'ir"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%9F%8E%E6%8A%A5" title="圣城报">圣城报</a></span></span>》和《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="耶路撒冷时报" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Jerusalem Times"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶路撒冷时报(页面不存在)">耶路撒冷时报</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Times" class="extiw" title="en:The Jerusalem Times"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Jerusalem Times</span></a></span>)</span></span>》。基督教国际电视台<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="God TV" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="God TV"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=God_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="God TV(页面不存在)">God TV</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_TV" class="extiw" title="en:God TV"><span lang="en" dir="auto">God TV</span></a></span>)</span></span>总部也在当地。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="经济"><span id=".E7.BB.8F.E6.B5.8E"></span>经济</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节:经济"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Entrance_Bridge.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Jerusalem_Entrance_Bridge.JPG/230px-Jerusalem_Entrance_Bridge.JPG" decoding="async" width="230" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Jerusalem_Entrance_Bridge.JPG/345px-Jerusalem_Entrance_Bridge.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Jerusalem_Entrance_Bridge.JPG/460px-Jerusalem_Entrance_Bridge.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>耶路撒冷入城处的“琴弦桥”(“大卫桥”)(桥上为轻轨)</figcaption></figure><p>历史上,耶路撒冷由于远离<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E6%B3%95" title="雅法">雅法</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99" class="mw-redirect" title="加沙">加沙</a>的主要港口,经济几乎完全依靠宗教朝圣<sup id="cite_ref-politics-1967_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politics-1967-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>耶路撒冷的宗教圣地今天仍然是吸引外国游客的主要目的地,大多数游客都会参观西墙和耶路撒冷老城<sup id="cite_ref-cbs_94-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>不过,自1967年以来,耶路撒冷在经济方面取得了长足的进步,已经远远不仅仅是一个宗教圣地<sup id="cite_ref-politics-1967_135-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politics-1967-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Pisgat_Zeev_Mall_and_Light_Rail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jerusalem_Pisgat_Zeev_Mall_and_Light_Rail.jpg/220px-Jerusalem_Pisgat_Zeev_Mall_and_Light_Rail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jerusalem_Pisgat_Zeev_Mall_and_Light_Rail.jpg/330px-Jerusalem_Pisgat_Zeev_Mall_and_Light_Rail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jerusalem_Pisgat_Zeev_Mall_and_Light_Rail.jpg/440px-Jerusalem_Pisgat_Zeev_Mall_and_Light_Rail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>耶路撒冷购物中心和轻轨</figcaption></figure> <p>许多统计数据均表明耶路撒冷经济的增长。但是,以巴勒斯坦人为主的东耶路撒冷的发展明显落后于西耶路撒冷<sup id="cite_ref-politics-1967_135-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politics-1967-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。不过,阿拉伯家庭有一名就业人口的比率(76.1%)则高于犹太家庭(66.8%)。耶路撒冷的失业率(8.3%)略低于全国平均水平(9.0%),工作人口占15岁以上人口不到一半,低于特拉维夫(58.0%)和海法(52.4%)<sup id="cite_ref-cbs_94-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。近年来,耶路撒冷的贫困人口暴增,从2001年到2007年,低于贫困线的人口增加了40%<sup id="cite_ref-insider_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insider-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2006年,耶路撒冷工人的平均月收入为5,940<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%96%B0%E8%B0%A2%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94" title="以色列新谢克尔">新谢克尔</a>(1,410美元),比特拉维夫工人低1,350谢克尔<sup id="cite_ref-insider_136-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insider-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraqi_shuk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Iraqi_shuk.jpg/220px-Iraqi_shuk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Iraqi_shuk.jpg/330px-Iraqi_shuk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Iraqi_shuk.jpg/440px-Iraqi_shuk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>耶路撒冷的中心市场<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%93%88%E5%B0%BC%E8%80%B6%E8%83%A1%E8%BE%BE%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA" title="马哈尼耶胡达市场">马哈尼耶胡达市场</a></figcaption></figure> <p>为了保护该市独特的宗教圣地,耶路撒冷不准许发展重工业;而且耶路撒冷只有大约2.2%的土地用于工业和基础设施。相比之下,<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%AB" title="特拉维夫">特拉维夫</a>用于工业和基础设施土地的比重达到耶路撒冷的2倍多,而<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B3%95" title="海法">海法</a>是它的7倍多<sup id="cite_ref-cbs_94-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。虽然<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%AB" title="特拉维夫">特拉维夫</a>仍然是以色列的金融中心,但设在耶路撒冷的全球高技术企业数量正在增加。各种类型的大公司进驻北耶路撒冷的<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%C2%B7%E8%8E%B7%E5%85%B9%E5%A8%81%E5%A7%86" class="mw-redirect" title="哈·获兹威姆">哈·获兹威姆</a>地区,包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94" title="英特尔">英特尔</a>、梯瓦制药(Teva制药)和ECI电信。工业园区完成后将包括超过100个企业、一个消防站、一所学校,占地53公顷<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>自从以色列建国以来,中央政府在耶路撒冷经济中一直扮演重要角色。中央政府集中在耶路撒冷,不仅为该地区提供大量工作职位,而且对有潜力的公司提供津贴和奖励<sup id="cite_ref-politics-1967_135-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politics-1967-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="交通"><span id=".E4.BA.A4.E9.80.9A"></span>交通</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节:交通"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="耶路撒冷交通">耶路撒冷交通</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem-Central-bus-station.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="耶路撒冷中央巴士总站"><img alt="耶路撒冷中央巴士总站" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Jerusalem-Central-bus-station.jpg/120px-Jerusalem-Central-bus-station.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Jerusalem-Central-bus-station.jpg/180px-Jerusalem-Central-bus-station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Jerusalem-Central-bus-station.jpg/240px-Jerusalem-Central-bus-station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB%E6%80%BB%E7%AB%99" title="耶路撒冷中央巴士总站">耶路撒冷中央巴士总站</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Navon_rail_station_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="以色列铁路 - 伊扎克·纳冯车站"><img alt="以色列铁路 - 伊扎克·纳冯车站" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Navon_rail_station_1.jpg/120px-Navon_rail_station_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Navon_rail_station_1.jpg/180px-Navon_rail_station_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Navon_rail_station_1.jpg/240px-Navon_rail_station_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="以色列铁路">以色列铁路</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%BA%B3%E5%86%AF%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99" title="伊扎克·纳冯车站">伊扎克·纳冯车站</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P1020134_Rame_sur_Jaffa_street.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="耶路撒冷轻轨列车于雅法路 - 耶路撒冷市内轻轨,目前只有一条线,是耶路撒冷市内最便捷的交通方式。"><img alt="耶路撒冷轻轨列车于雅法路 - 耶路撒冷市内轻轨,目前只有一条线,是耶路撒冷市内最便捷的交通方式。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/P1020134_Rame_sur_Jaffa_street.JPG/120px-P1020134_Rame_sur_Jaffa_street.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/P1020134_Rame_sur_Jaffa_street.JPG/180px-P1020134_Rame_sur_Jaffa_street.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/P1020134_Rame_sur_Jaffa_street.JPG/240px-P1020134_Rame_sur_Jaffa_street.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%BD%BB%E8%BD%A8" title="耶路撒冷轻轨">耶路撒冷轻轨</a>列车于<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E6%B3%95%E8%B7%AF" title="雅法路">雅法路</a> - 耶路撒冷市内轻轨,目前只有一条线,是耶路撒冷市内最便捷的交通方式。</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_DSC_0865_(8936627612).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="耶路撒冷出租车。"><img alt="耶路撒冷出租车。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Jerusalem_DSC_0865_%288936627612%29.jpg/120px-Jerusalem_DSC_0865_%288936627612%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Jerusalem_DSC_0865_%288936627612%29.jpg/180px-Jerusalem_DSC_0865_%288936627612%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Jerusalem_DSC_0865_%288936627612%29.jpg/240px-Jerusalem_DSC_0865_%288936627612%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">耶路撒冷出租车。</div> </li> </ul> <p>耶路撒冷位于以色列中心,公共交通四通八达,有便捷的公共交通到以色列和约旦河西岸全境。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB%E6%80%BB%E7%AB%99" title="耶路撒冷中央巴士总站">耶路撒冷中央汽车站</a>是以色列最繁忙的汽车站,由世界第二大公交公司<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾格德巴士公司(页面不存在)">艾格德巴士公司</a>(Egged Bus)经营<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E5%A4%AB%E2%80%94%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="特拉維夫—耶路撒冷鐵路">特拉維夫—耶路撒冷</a>是连接耶路撒冷和特拉维夫的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="高速鐵路">高速铁路</a>,于2018年开通<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,在耶路撒冷市中心设有位于地下80米的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%BA%B3%E5%86%AF%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99" title="伊扎克·纳冯车站">伊扎克·纳冯车站</a>。线路还途经<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC-%E5%8F%A4%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" title="本-古里安国际机场">本-古里安国际机场</a>,距离耶路撒冷中心50公里,车程20分钟<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。距离耶路撒冷最近的机场是<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="耶路撒冷國際機場">阿塔洛特机场</a>。它在2001年由于在<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E5%AE%89%E6%8B%89" title="拉姆安拉">拉马拉</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E6%97%A6%E6%B2%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%B2%B8%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="約旦河西岸地區">西岸</a>的冲突而关闭,已经交由<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="以色列國防軍">以色列国防军</a>控制。<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贝京高速公路(页面不存在)">贝京高速公路</a>是耶路撒冷主要的南北方向干道之一;穿过城市西部,然后并入通往<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%AB" title="特拉维夫">特拉维夫</a>的以色列443号公路。以色列60号公路穿过市中心的绿线附近,将东耶路撒冷与西耶路撒冷分开。以色列正建造一条35公里长的环城公路,希望通过将<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%8A%E5%8D%80" title="郊區">郊區</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8C%BA" title="中央商务区">中央商务区</a>连接起来,使这一地区更加富裕<sup id="cite_ref-rings_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rings-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。工程的东半部规划于10年以前,但对此提议的反应仍然是见仁见智<sup id="cite_ref-rings_142-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rings-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。以前市内交通除了私人汽车,只能选择<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%A7%9F%E8%BB%8A" title="出租車">出租車</a>和公共汽车线路,現在可選擇新的铁路快速运输系统。该系统最初在1995年提出,此后,由于造价低廉、破坏较少、以及要保护市中心的审美价值,选择了<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%95%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="輕軌運輸">轻轨</a>作为<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="快速交通(页面不存在)">快速交通</a>方式<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。8条线路中的第一条,<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%BD%BB%E8%BD%A8" title="耶路撒冷轻轨">耶路撒冷轻轨</a>在2011年投入服務,設有23个车站,估计每天能运送20万人。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="教育"><span id=".E6.95.99.E8.82.B2"></span>教育</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节:教育"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HebrewU-MtScopus.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="希伯来大学"><img alt="希伯来大学" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/HebrewU-MtScopus.JPG/120px-HebrewU-MtScopus.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/HebrewU-MtScopus.JPG/180px-HebrewU-MtScopus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/HebrewU-MtScopus.JPG/240px-HebrewU-MtScopus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2519" data-file-height="1836" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="希伯来大学">希伯来大学</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AlbertEinsteinStatue-InIsraelAcademyOfSciencesAndHumanities-ByRobertBerks.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="以色列科學與人文學院"><img alt="以色列科學與人文學院" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/AlbertEinsteinStatue-InIsraelAcademyOfSciencesAndHumanities-ByRobertBerks.JPG/120px-AlbertEinsteinStatue-InIsraelAcademyOfSciencesAndHumanities-ByRobertBerks.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/AlbertEinsteinStatue-InIsraelAcademyOfSciencesAndHumanities-ByRobertBerks.JPG/180px-AlbertEinsteinStatue-InIsraelAcademyOfSciencesAndHumanities-ByRobertBerks.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/AlbertEinsteinStatue-InIsraelAcademyOfSciencesAndHumanities-ByRobertBerks.JPG/240px-AlbertEinsteinStatue-InIsraelAcademyOfSciencesAndHumanities-ByRobertBerks.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E8%88%87%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="以色列科學與人文學院">以色列科學與人文學院</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Academy_of_the_Hebrew_Language.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="希伯来语科学院"><img alt="希伯来语科学院" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Academy_of_the_Hebrew_Language.JPG/120px-Academy_of_the_Hebrew_Language.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Academy_of_the_Hebrew_Language.JPG/180px-Academy_of_the_Hebrew_Language.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Academy_of_the_Hebrew_Language.JPG/240px-Academy_of_the_Hebrew_Language.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="希伯来语科学院">希伯来语科学院</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bezalel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="比撒列艺术设计学院 - 艺术和以色列设计的国家科学院"><img alt="比撒列艺术设计学院 - 艺术和以色列设计的国家科学院" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bezalel.jpg/120px-Bezalel.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bezalel.jpg/180px-Bezalel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bezalel.jpg/240px-Bezalel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E6%92%92%E5%88%97%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="比撒列艺术设计学院">比撒列艺术设计学院</a> - 艺术和以色列设计的国家科学院</div> </li> </ul> <p>耶路撒冷拥有几所声望很高的大学,它们都使用以色列最常用的三种语言:<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="希伯来语">希伯来语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿拉伯语">阿拉伯语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>进行教学。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="希伯来大学">耶路撒冷希伯来大学</a>成立于1925年<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,今天仍是耶路撒冷和以色列学科最全的大学。该校最初的董事会由一些杰出的犹太知识分子组成,包括一些世界知名的科学家——<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦">阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="西格蒙德·弗洛伊德">西格蒙德·弗洛伊德</a><sup id="cite_ref-huji-history_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huji-history-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这所大学已经产生了许多<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔奖">诺贝尔奖</a>得主,新近的与该校有关的诺贝尔奖得主有<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A4%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E4%BB%80%E7%A7%91" title="阿夫拉姆·赫什科">阿夫拉姆·赫什科</a><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%A8%84%E6%96%AF" title="戴维·格娄斯">戴维·格娄斯</a><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%BC%E6%9B%BC" title="丹尼尔·卡尼曼">丹尼尔·卡尼曼</a><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这所大学最大的资产之一是犹太国家及大学图书馆,藏书量超过500万册<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。它的图书馆早在建校30多年前的1892年就已经运作,今天是世界最大的犹太文献资源之一、以色列的国家图书馆、大学的中心图书馆<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="耶路撒冷大学">耶路撒冷大学</a>是耶路撒冷附近另一个重要的高等教育机构,它成立较晚(1984年)<sup id="cite_ref-al-quds1_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-quds1-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这所大学是该地区阿拉伯和巴勒斯坦人的最高学府,自称是耶路撒冷唯一的阿拉伯大学<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。耶路撒冷大学位于城市的东南,校园面积有19万平方米<sup id="cite_ref-al-quds1_150-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-quds1-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>耶路撒冷的其他大学还有2所与耶路撒冷希伯莱大学有关的艺术学院:耶路撒冷音乐与舞蹈学院<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E6%92%92%E5%88%97" title="比撒列">比撒列</a>艺术设计学院<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>耶路撒冷理工学院成立于1969年,开设工程与其他高科技产业,也进行犹太教教育<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。耶路撒冷的许多学校——从<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="小学">小学</a>到大学——都有宗教教育。<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%B8%8C%E7%93%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="耶希瓦">耶希瓦</a>和其他犹太学校遍及全市,起源于白俄罗斯的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%80%B6%E5%B8%8C%E7%93%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="米尔耶希瓦">米尔耶希瓦</a>是以色列全国规模最大的一所学校<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2003–2004学年,有将近8000名12年级学生在希伯来语学校<sup id="cite_ref-cbs_94-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。不过,由于大量人口就读于<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教正統派">犹太教正统派</a>学校,只有55%的学生能通过中學畢業試(Bagrut),只有37%能大学毕业<sup id="cite_ref-cbs_94-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。与公立学校不同,大多数正统派学校不對学生进行标准化测验。 </p><p>耶路撒冷和以色列大部分地方的阿拉伯人学校被批评质素低于犹太人学校<sup id="cite_ref-human-rights_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-human-rights-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。阿拉伯人聚集的东耶路撒冷,许多学校人满为患,学生超过四五千人,无法进行合理的教育<sup id="cite_ref-human-rights_156-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-human-rights-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由于公立学校的阿拉伯学生需要通过中學畢業試,因此他们很多课程与猶太人学校同轨,將重点放在<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a>上,儘管他们并不信仰該宗教<sup id="cite_ref-human-rights_156-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-human-rights-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地位问题"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E4.BD.8D.E9.97.AE.E9.A2.98"></span>地位问题</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节:地位问题"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_wall_jerusalem_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Western_wall_jerusalem_night.jpg/220px-Western_wall_jerusalem_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Western_wall_jerusalem_night.jpg/330px-Western_wall_jerusalem_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Western_wall_jerusalem_night.jpg/440px-Western_wall_jerusalem_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A2%99" title="西墙">西墙</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a>最神圣的地方之一</figcaption></figure> <p>耶路撒冷对于犹太人、穆斯林和基督徒均具有特殊的重要意义,其地位问题仍然悬而未决。三千年前,大卫王在耶路撒冷建都,所罗门在该城建造圣殿。此后,耶路撒冷成古代以色列国的政治中心和宗教中心,在犹太人亡国后,耶路撒冷也一直是犹太民族的精神中心<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,民族身份的象征<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。犹太人无论流散到何处,礼拜时总是面向耶路撒冷。在希伯来圣经中,耶路撒冷被提到过700多次。长期以来,耶路撒冷对于犹太人的向心作用,和犹太人对这座城市的迷恋程度是如此之强,以至于无法想象一个没有耶路撒冷的以色列国<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>自从7世纪起到1917年,伊斯兰教的阿拉伯帝国和奥斯曼帝国先后管理耶路撒冷长达1000多年。作为伊斯兰教的圣书<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E7%BB%8F" title="古兰经">古兰经</a>比圣经新约晚了600年以上,其中有诸多内容与圣经重合,但却从未直接提到耶路撒冷一词。有后人将古兰经中提到的“远寺”(见<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E7%BB%8F" title="古兰经">古兰经</a>17:1)解释为耶路撒冷的清真寺,并有了穆罕默德跨行几百公里夜行登霄的地点。因此,耶路撒冷被穆斯林认为是第三圣城。耶路撒冷最显著的建筑物,就是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF%E5%B1%B1" title="圣殿山">圣殿山</a>上的2座清真寺——<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86%E9%A1%B6%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="圆顶清真寺">圆顶清真寺</a>和阿克萨清真寺。穆斯林国家很久就已经将耶路撒冷看成是一个具有特别的宗教和历史意义的城市,绝不愿意放弃。阿拉法特甚至對美國總統克林頓说到,如果他在東耶路撒冷問題上同以色列妥協,他擔心自己會遭到暗殺<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在以色列国成立以前,耶路撒冷是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A8%97%E7%AE%A1%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="英屬巴勒斯坦託管地">英屬巴勒斯坦託管地</a>(包括今天的以色列和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦">约旦</a>)的首府<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UN_Resolution_A_ES-10_L.22.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/UN_Resolution_A_ES-10_L.22.png/220px-UN_Resolution_A_ES-10_L.22.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/UN_Resolution_A_ES-10_L.22.png/330px-UN_Resolution_A_ES-10_L.22.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/UN_Resolution_A_ES-10_L.22.png/440px-UN_Resolution_A_ES-10_L.22.png 2x" data-file-width="6460" data-file-height="3455" /></a><figcaption>2017年12月21日聯合國A/ES-10/L.22號決議,藍色國為否定美國立場,橘色未出席,綠色棄權,紅色為贊同</figcaption></figure> <p>目前,以色列已经立法确定耶路撒冷是其永久不可分割的首都,以色列政府、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="以色列议会">议会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="以色列最高法院">最高法院</a>等机构均位于耶路撒冷。而<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" title="巴勒斯坦民族权力机构">巴勒斯坦民族权力机构</a>也声称未来<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="巴勒斯坦国">巴勒斯坦国</a>的首都将设在东耶路撒冷<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。目前,巴勒斯坦在该市最醒目的正式存在是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E5%AE%AB_(%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7)" title="东方宫 (耶路撒冷)">东方宫</a>,20世纪末<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="巴勒斯坦解放組織">巴勒斯坦解放组织</a>的总部<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亚</a><sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和巴西等国仅承认<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="西耶路撒冷">西耶路撒冷</a>为以色列首都。 </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D%E7%BE%8E%E6%96%B9%E6%89%BF%E8%AA%8D%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="耶路撒冷首都地位美方承認案">耶路撒冷首都地位美方承認案</a></div> <p>2017年12月6日,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="美国总统">美国总统</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E6%99%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="唐纳德·特朗普">唐纳德·特朗普</a>宣布在不界定耶路撒冷边界范围的前提下承认耶路撒冷为以色列首都<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,基於<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="耶路撒冷大使館法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jerusalem Embassy Act"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E9%A4%A8%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶路撒冷大使館法(页面不存在)">耶路撒冷大使館法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem_Embassy_Act" class="extiw" title="en:Jerusalem Embassy Act"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jerusalem Embassy Act</span></a></span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,不簽署中止令,启动美驻以使馆迁往耶路撒冷的进程。美国在中东的盟国警告,这一举动可能引发大范围动荡<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这是美国总统首次作出这一表态,引发中东多国强烈反对,警告此举可能引发“危险后果”,破坏巴以和平进程。美国和以色列在宣布承认耶路撒冷为以色列首都后,<a href="/wiki/Yandex" title="Yandex">Yandex</a>英文版和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%B7%E6%AD%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="谷歌">谷歌</a>在地圖搜索结果中将耶路撒冷显示为以色列的首都<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2018年5月15日<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%A7%90%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E9%A4%A8" title="美國駐以色列大使館">美國駐以色列大使館</a>正式迁往耶路撒冷,出席开馆仪式的有33个国家<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马尼亚">罗马尼亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a>等国出席,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B1%E5%9C%B0%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89" title="危地马拉">危地马拉</a>等国也将驻以色列使馆迁往耶路撒冷。<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4" title="马拉维">马拉维</a>、捷克和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a><sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等国也许诺将大使馆迁往耶路撒冷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节:相關條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%97%A7%E5%9F%8E" title="耶路撒冷旧城">耶路撒冷旧城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%9F%8E%E9%97%A8" title="耶路撒冷城门">耶路撒冷城门</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="耶路撒冷历史">耶路撒冷历史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="耶路撒冷综合症">耶路撒冷综合症</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%80%8B%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="耶路撒冷獨立個體">耶路撒冷獨立個體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%8B%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="耶路撒冷历史大事年表">耶路撒冷历史大事年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" title="十字軍東征">十字軍東征</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="友好城市"><span id=".E5.8F.8B.E5.A5.BD.E5.9F.8E.E5.B8.82"></span>友好城市</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节:友好城市"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC" title="布拉格">布拉格</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="夥伴城市"><span id=".E5.A4.A5.E4.BC.B4.E5.9F.8E.E5.B8.82"></span>夥伴城市</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节:夥伴城市"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%9B" title="马赛">马赛</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="備注"><span id=".E5.82.99.E6.B3.A8"></span>備注</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节:備注"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">约旦河西岸地区(根据《巴勒斯坦基本法》第一章第三条)将耶路撒冷视为其首都<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而,<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="巴勒斯坦解放组织">巴解组织谈判事务部</a>(NAD)的文件经常提到东耶路撒冷(而不是整个耶路撒冷)是未来的首都,有时也是现在的首都。其2010年的一份文件被描述为“仅供讨论”,该文件称,巴勒斯坦对未来有一个“愿景”,即“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="东耶路撒冷">东耶路撒冷</a>……将成为巴勒斯坦的首都,西耶路撒冷将成为以色列的首都”<sup id="cite_ref-PLO-NAD-2010_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLO-NAD-2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其2013年的一份文件提到“巴勒斯坦的首都,东耶路撒冷”,并称“被占领的东耶路撒冷是未来巴勒斯坦国的自然社会经济和政治中心”,同时还声明耶路撒冷一直是巴勒斯坦的政治、行政和精神中心“巴勒斯坦接受包括东耶路撒冷在内的1967年边界,是一个痛苦的妥协”。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In other languages: official Arabic in Israel: 阿拉伯语:<span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أورشليم القدس</span>‎,<small><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8C%96" title="阿拉伯語羅馬化">羅馬化</a>:</small><i lang="ar-Latn" title="阿拉伯語羅馬化">ʾŪršalīm al-Quds</i> (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84750655">.mw-parser-output span[lang="grc"],.mw-parser-output .Polytonic{font-family:"SBL BibLit","SBL Greek","New Athena Unicode","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Foulis Greek","Garamond Libre","Noto Sans","Noto Serif","Cardo","Gentium Plus","Gentium Book Plus","Garamond","Palatino Linotype","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif","FreeSerif","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Code2000",sans-serif}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古希臘語">古希臘語</a>:<span lang="grc">Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα</span>,<small>羅馬化:</small><i lang="grc-Latn" title="古希臘語羅馬化">Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma</i>; <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="亞美尼亞語">亞美尼亞語</a>:<span lang="hy">Երուսաղեմ</span>,<small>羅馬化:</small><i lang="hy-Latn" title="亞美尼亞語羅馬化">Erusałēm</i></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节:参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" title="巴勒斯坦民族权力机构">巴勒斯坦民族权力机构</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.palestinianbasiclaw.org/basic-law/2003-amended-basic-law">2003 Amended Basic Law</a>. The Palestinian Basic Law. 2008-02-17 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-06-02</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328031405/https://www.palestinianbasiclaw.org/basic-law/2003-amended-basic-law">存档</a>于2019-03-28) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>. <q>Title One Article 3 Jerusalem is the capital of Palestine.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=2003+Amended+Basic+Law&rft.au=%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84&rft.date=2008-02-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Palestinian+Basic+Law&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestinianbasiclaw.org%2Fbasic-law%2F2003-amended-basic-law&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PLO-NAD-2010-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PLO-NAD-2010_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120206101131/http://www.nad-plo.org/userfiles/file/Non-Peper/Jerusalem%20Non-Paper-%20Final%20%20June%202010.pdf">Jerusalem Non-Paper</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. PLO-NAD. June 2010 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2018]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nad-plo.org/userfiles/file/Non-Peper/Jerusalem%20Non-Paper-%20Final%20%20June%202010.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于6 February 2012).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=Jerusalem+Non-Paper&rft.date=2010-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PLO-NAD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nad-plo.org%2Fuserfiles%2Ffile%2FNon-Peper%2FJerusalem%2520Non-Paper-%2520Final%2520%2520June%25202010.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160418223336/http://www.nad-plo.org/etemplate.php?id=59">Statements and Speeches</a>. nad-plo.org: 2. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2014]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nad-plo.org/etemplate.php?id=59">原始内容</a>存档于18 April 2016). <q>This paper is <b>for discussion purposes only</b>. Nothing is agreed until everything is agreed. Palestinian <b>vision</b> for Jerusalem...Pursuant to our <b>vision</b>, <b>East Jerusalem</b>, as defined by its pre-1967 occupation municipal borders, <b>shall be the capital of Palestine, and West Jerusalem shall be the capital of Israel</b>, with each state enjoying full sovereignty over its respective part of the city.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=Statements+and+Speeches&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nad-plo.org&rft.pages=2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nad-plo.org%2Fetemplate.php%3Fid%3D59&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/pages/default.aspx">存档副本</a>. www.cbs.gov.il. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-04-25</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200515073432/https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/pages/default.aspx">存档</a>于2020-05-15).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cbs.gov.il&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fhe%2Fpages%2Fdefault.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2019/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%AA%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D_2018.xlsx">קובץ_ישובים_2018</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(XLS)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-04-25</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191015174751/https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2019/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%AA%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D_2018.xlsx">存档</a>于2019-10-15).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D_2018&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fhe%2Fpublications%2FDocLib%2F2019%2F%25D7%259C%25D7%2595%25D7%2597%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA%2520%25D7%25AA%25D7%259C%25D7%2595%25D7%25A9%25D7%2599%25D7%259D%2F%25D7%25A7%25D7%2595%25D7%2591%25D7%25A5_%25D7%2599%25D7%25A9%25D7%2595%25D7%2591%25D7%2599%25D7%259D_2018.xlsx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cihai.com.cn/baike/detail/72/5611606?q=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7">辞海 - 耶路撒冷</a>. www.cihai.com.cn. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-01-04</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240104125613/https://www.cihai.com.cn/baike/detail/72/5611606?q=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7">存档</a>于2024-01-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E8%BE%9E%E6%B5%B7+-+%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cihai.com.cn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cihai.com.cn%2Fbaike%2Fdetail%2F72%2F5611606%3Fq%3D%25E8%2580%25B6%25E8%25B7%25AF%25E6%2592%2592%25E5%2586%25B7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A-Z Guide to the Qur'an: A Must-have Reference to Understanding the Contents of the Islamic Holy Book</i> by Mokhtar Stork (1999): "JERUSALEM: Referred to in Arabic as Baitul Muqaddas (The Holy House) or Baitul Maqdis (The House of the Sanctuary)".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Pan-Islamism in India & Bengal</i> by Mohammad Shah (2002), p. 63: "... protector of Mecca, Medina and Baitul Muqaddas, the sacred places of pilgrimage of the Muslim world"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elihay2011-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Elihay2011_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Elihay, Yohanan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783142368">Speaking Arabic: a course in conversational Eastern (Palestinian) Arabic</a>. Rothberg International School [2009 ed.], reprinted with corr. 2011. Jerusalem: Minerva. 2011: 36. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-965-7397-30-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-965-7397-30-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-965-7397-30-5</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/783142368"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 783142368</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Yohanan&rft.aulast=Elihay&rft.btitle=Speaking+Arabic%3A+a+course+in+conversational+Eastern+%28Palestinian%29+Arabic&rft.date=2011&rft.edition=%5B2009+ed.%5D%2C+reprinted+with+corr.+2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-965-7397-30-5&rft.pages=36&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Minerva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F783142368&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F783142368&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">吳昶興. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x70uDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA202&lpg=PA202&dq=%E7%83%8F%E6%A2%A8%E5%B8%AB%E6%96%82&source=bl&ots=L69t3krvJU&sig=3i78_e9SToNoXb7hsixmNhYtGv8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjVzrGKxvzbAhXIWxQKHQVNBoQQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=%E7%83%8F%E6%A2%A8%E5%B8%AB%E6%96%82&f=false">《眞常之道:唐代基督教歷史與文獻研究》</a>. 基督教學術叢書/論著系列 <b>11</b>. 台灣基督教文藝出版社. 2015年5月29日: 202 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2018年7月1日]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-986-61-3129-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-986-61-3129-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-986-61-3129-5</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200328051349/https://books.google.com/books?id=x70uDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA202&lpg=PA202&dq=%E7%83%8F%E6%A2%A8%E5%B8%AB%E6%96%82&source=bl&ots=L69t3krvJU&sig=3i78_e9SToNoXb7hsixmNhYtGv8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjVzrGKxvzbAhXIWxQKHQVNBoQQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=%E7%83%8F%E6%A2%A8%E5%B8%AB%E6%96%82&f=false">存档</a>于2020年3月28日).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.au=%E5%90%B3%E6%98%B6%E8%88%88&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E7%9C%9E%E5%B8%B8%E4%B9%8B%E9%81%93%EF%BC%9A%E5%94%90%E4%BB%A3%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%88%87%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2015-05-29&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-986-61-3129-5&rft.pages=202&rft.pub=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.series=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E5%8F%A2%E6%9B%B8%2F%E8%AB%96%E8%91%97%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx70uDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA202%26lpg%3DPA202%26dq%3D%25E7%2583%258F%25E6%25A2%25A8%25E5%25B8%25AB%25E6%2596%2582%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DL69t3krvJU%26sig%3D3i78_e9SToNoXb7hsixmNhYtGv8%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjVzrGKxvzbAhXIWxQKHQVNBoQQ6AEIJzAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%25E7%2583%258F%25E6%25A2%25A8%25E5%25B8%25AB%25E6%2596%2582%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Anson H. Laytner; Jordan Paper (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ob4zDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA79&lpg=PA79&dq=%E7%83%8F%E6%A2%A8%E5%B8%AB%E6%96%82&source=bl&ots=IZyj1qVXnj&sig=qAcwc82TEqaFuhBq734cmKSxxWs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjVzrGKxvzbAhXIWxQKHQVNBoQQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=%E7%83%8F%E6%A2%A8%E5%B8%AB%E6%96%82&f=false">The Chinese Jews of Kaifeng: A Millennium of Adaptation and Endurance</a>. Lexington Books. 2017: 79 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-07-01</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781498550260" title="Special:网络书源/9781498550260"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781498550260</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200328051351/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ob4zDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA79&lpg=PA79&dq=%E7%83%8F%E6%A2%A8%E5%B8%AB%E6%96%82&source=bl&ots=IZyj1qVXnj&sig=qAcwc82TEqaFuhBq734cmKSxxWs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjVzrGKxvzbAhXIWxQKHQVNBoQQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=%E7%83%8F%E6%A2%A8%E5%B8%AB%E6%96%82&f=false">存档</a>于2020-03-28) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.au=Anson+H.+Laytner&rft.au=Jordan+Paper&rft.btitle=The+Chinese+Jews+of+Kaifeng%3A+A+Millennium+of+Adaptation+and+Endurance&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781498550260&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOb4zDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA79%26lpg%3DPA79%26dq%3D%25E7%2583%258F%25E6%25A2%25A8%25E5%25B8%25AB%25E6%2596%2582%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DIZyj1qVXnj%26sig%3DqAcwc82TEqaFuhBq734cmKSxxWs%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjVzrGKxvzbAhXIWxQKHQVNBoQQ6AEILDAB%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%25E7%2583%258F%25E6%25A2%25A8%25E5%25B8%25AB%25E6%2596%2582%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chinese.aljazeera.net/news/2021/2/9/建立以东耶路撒冷为首都的独立国家阿拉伯世界支">建立以东耶路撒冷为首都的独立国家:阿拉伯世界支持巴勒斯坦事业并呼吁以色列立即恢复和平进程</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="卡塔尔半岛电视台">卡塔尔半岛电视台</a>. 2021-02-09 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-02-09</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210614073654/https://chinese.aljazeera.net/news/2021/2/9/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%9C%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E4%B8%BA%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E7%9A%84%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%AF">存档</a>于2021-06-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%9C%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E4%B8%BA%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E7%9A%84%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%EF%BC%9A%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%8B%E4%B8%9A%E5%B9%B6%E5%91%BC%E5%90%81%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%AB%8B%E5%8D%B3%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B&rft.date=2021-02-09&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchinese.aljazeera.net%2Fnews%2F2021%2F2%2F9%2F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%9C%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E4%B8%BA%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E7%9A%84%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%AF&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1000BCE-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1000BCE_15-0"><sup><b>13.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1000BCE_15-1"><sup><b>13.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">自從公元前10世紀: <ul><li>「三千多年前,當大衛王加冕並聯合12個支族時,以色列成为統一的國家。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BC%A6" title="希伯伦">希伯伦</a>作王7年,后定都于耶路撒冷...一千年以來耶路撒冷都是猶太主權、王都、與以色列立法機構與法院的所在地。流放期間,猶太人國家變成只能被以其古老的首都遺址辨認。猶太人,不管他們在哪裡,都祈禱該城的歸還。」Roger Friedland, Richard D. Hecht. <i>To Rule Jerusalem</i>,加州大學出版社,2000年,第8頁,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780520220928" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-520-22092-8</a></li> <li>「猶太人與耶路撒冷的血緣從未斷絕。三千年來,耶路撒冷一直是猶太人的信仰中心,於代代相傳間保留其象徵意義。」<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Facts%20About%20Israel/State/Jerusalem-%20the%20Holy%20City">耶路撒冷 - 神聖之城</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130313053448/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Facts%20About%20Israel/State/Jerusalem-%20the%20Holy%20City">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>),以色列外交部,2003年2月23日,於2007年3月24日閱讀。</li> <li>「耶路撒冷的向心力對猶太教徒來說如此的強大以致於即使非信教的猶太人表達他們的忠誠與情感時無法想像一個現代的以色列國家無法與之割離....對猶太人耶路撒冷神聖的原因簡單就因為它存在....雖然耶路撒冷的神格可以追溯到三千年前...」。Leslie J. Hope. <i>The Holy City: Jerusalem in the theology of the Old Testament</i>,Liturgical出版社,2000年,第6頁,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780814650813" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8146-5081-3</a></li> <li>「即使自大衛王建都於耶路撒冷3000年以前,該市在猶太人存在扮演中心角色。」Mitchell Geoffrey Bard,<i>The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Middle East Conflict</i>,Alpha Books,2002年,第330頁, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780028644103" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-02-864410-3</a></li> <li>「三千年來,對猶太人來說該城已成為他們精神上、文化上、以及國家生活超級關注的地方。」Yossi Feintuch,<i>U.S. Policy on Jerusalem</i>,Greenwood Publishing Group,1987年,第1頁,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780313257001" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-313-25700-1</a></li> <li>「耶路撒冷變成猶太人的中心約三千年前」Moshe Maoz, Sari Nusseibeh,<i>Jerusalem: Points of Friction – And Beyond</i>,Brill Academic Publishers,2000年,第1頁,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789041188434" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-90-411-8843-4</a>。</li> <li>「猶太人無法逃脫耶路撒冷的關係。沒有其他任何城市在猶太人與猶太教其歷史、政治、宗教、國家生命以及人民意識上扮演如此支配性角色如耶路撒冷一般。自從大衛王建立猶太人國都約1000 BC開始,它就肩負猶太人識別為一個國家的象徵與最驕傲的表示。」<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adl.org/israel/advocacy/glossary/jerusalem.asp">你應知道的基本事實:耶路撒冷</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130104013732/http://www.adl.org/israel/advocacy/glossary/Jerusalem.asp">存檔</a>,存档日期2013-01-04.,<a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a>,2007年。於2007年3月28日存取。</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-0"><sup><b>14.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-1"><sup><b>14.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E7%BB%8F" title="古兰经">古兰经</a>》17章1节:“赞美真主,超绝万物,他在一夜之间,使他的仆人,从禁寺行到远寺。我在远寺的四周降福,以便我昭示他我的一部分跡象。真主确是全聪的,确是全明的。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070411003536/https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/is.html">中央情报局报告</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/is.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-04-11) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%83%85%E6%8A%A5%E5%B1%80%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fcia%2Fpublications%2Ffactbook%2Fgeos%2Fis.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/israel.pdf">耶路撒冷地图</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140119092814/http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/israel.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2014-01-19).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FDepts%2FCartographic%2Fmap%2Fprofile%2Fisrael.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070614014210/http://www.cbs.gov.il/hodaot2006n/11_06_106e.pdf">新闻稿:耶路撒冷日</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 中央统计局. 2006-05-24 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbs.gov.il/hodaot2006n/11_06_106e.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(pdf)</span>存档于2007-06-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E7%A8%BF%EF%BC%9A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%97%A5&rft.date=2006-05-24&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fhodaot2006n%2F11_06_106e.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Klein, Menachem. 耶路撒冷:争议城市的未来. 纽约大学出版社. : 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5&rft.au=Klein%2C+Menachem&rft.genre=article&rft.pages=18&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Friedland, Roger; Hecht, Richard. 统治耶路撒冷. 加利福尼亚大学出版社. 2000-09-19: 192.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.au=Friedland%2C+Roger&rft.date=2000-09-19&rft.genre=article&rft.pages=192&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Segal, Jerome M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060514191731/http://www.publicpolicy.umd.edu/IPPP/Fall97Report/negotiating_jerusalem.htm">耶路撒冷谈判</a>. 马里兰大学哲学与公共政策学院. 1997 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-01-11</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicpolicy.umd.edu/IPPP/Fall97Report/negotiating_jerusalem.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2006-05-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Jerome+M.&rft.aulast=Segal&rft.btitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%B0%88%E5%88%A4&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicpolicy.umd.edu%2FIPPP%2FFall97Report%2Fnegotiating_jerusalem.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bethune, 乔治·华盛顿. 圣灵的果子. Mentz & Rovoudt. 1845: 932007-01-11 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>. <q>是新耶路撒冷,还是“和平的遗产”</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF&rft.aulast=Bethune&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%A3%E7%81%B5%E7%9A%84%E6%9E%9C%E5%AD%90&rft.date=1845&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Mentz+%26+Rovoudt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">参见圣经学者Nachmanides的解释。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Allen, Joseph Henry. 希伯莱人与时代:从列祖到弥赛亚. Roberts Brothers. 1879: 125. <q>耶路撒冷,“和平的遗产”</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Henry&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.btitle=%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E8%8E%B1%E4%BA%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%8E%E5%88%97%E7%A5%96%E5%88%B0%E5%BC%A5%E8%B5%9B%E4%BA%9A&rft.date=1879&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Roberts+Brothers&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E4%B8%96%E8%A8%98" title="創世記">创世纪</a>14章18节:“又有撒冷王麦基洗德带着饼和酒出来迎接;他是至高神的祭司。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿拉伯语">阿拉伯文</a>的书写是从右往左,所以右边是前,左边是后</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">根据<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="北京大学">北京大学</a>东方语言系阿拉伯语教研室编写的《阿拉伯语汉语词典》。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/jerutime.html">耶路撒冷历史年表</a>. 犹太虚拟图书馆. 美以合作Enterprise. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-01-15</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905131316/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/jerutime.html">存档</a>于2015-09-05).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FPeace%2Fjerutime.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vaughn-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vaughn_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gustavus.edu/academics/religion/Profiles/andyvaughn.cfm">Vaughn, Andrew G.</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jbe.la.psu.edu/cams/killebrewvita.htm">Ann E. Killebrew</a>. 联合君主时代的耶路撒冷. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jerusalembiblear00vaug">圣经与考古学中的耶路撒冷:第一圣殿时期</a>. 2003-08-01: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jerusalembiblear00vaug/page/n46">32</a>–33. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1589830660" title="Special:网络书源/1589830660"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1589830660</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.au=%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.gustavus.edu%2Facademics%2Freligion%2FProfiles%2Fandyvaughn.cfm+Vaughn%2C+Andrew+G.%5D&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F%E4%B8%8E%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%EF%BC%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=1589830660&rft.pages=32-33&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjerusalembiblear00vaug&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Shalem, 以色列. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biu.ac.il/JS/rennert/history_2.html">从建城到大卫的耶路撒冷历史</a>. 耶路撒冷:Life Throughout the Ages in a Holy City. 巴尔-伊兰大学耶路撒冷研究中心. 1997-03-03 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-01-18</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070117203409/http://www.biu.ac.il/JS/rennert/history_2.html">存档</a>于2007-01-17).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E4%BB%8E%E5%BB%BA%E5%9F%8E%E5%88%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%E7%9A%84%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&rft.aufirst=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97&rft.aulast=Shalem&rft.date=1997-03-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%EF%BC%9ALife+Throughout+the+Ages+in+a+Holy+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biu.ac.il%2FJS%2Frennert%2Fhistory_2.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-promise-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-promise_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Greenfeld, Howard. 应许的实现:<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E8%8C%A8%E5%B0%94" title="西奥多·赫茨尔">西奥多·赫茨尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E9%AD%8F%E8%8C%A8%E6%9B%BC" title="哈伊姆·魏茨曼">哈伊姆·魏茨曼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC-%E5%8F%A4%E7%90%86%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="大卫·本-古理安">大卫·本-古理安</a>与以色列建国. Greenwillow. 2005-03-29: 32. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/006051504X" title="Special:网络书源/006051504X"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 006051504X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.aulast=Greenfeld&rft.btitle=%E5%BA%94%E8%AE%B8%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%EF%BC%9A%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E8%8C%A8%E5%B0%94%E3%80%81%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E9%AD%8F%E8%8C%A8%E6%9B%BC%E3%80%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC-%E5%8F%A4%E7%90%86%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%8E%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%BB%BA%E5%9B%BD&rft.date=2005-03-29&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=006051504X&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Greenwillow&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070115125316/http://www.cityofdavid.org.il/timeline_eng.asp">Timeline</a>. 大卫之城. Ir David Foundation. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-01-18</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofdavid.org.il/timeline_eng.asp">原始内容</a>存档于2007-01-15).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=Timeline&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%E4%B9%8B%E5%9F%8E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityofdavid.org.il%2Ftimeline_eng.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">许多关于大卫王征服耶路撒冷的信息均来自<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">圣经</a>记载,但1993年的挖掘得到今天历史学家的确认<cite class="citation book">Pellegrino, Charles R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/returntosodomgom00pell">回到所多玛和蛾摩拉</a> 第二版. Harper Paperbacks. 1995-12-01: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/returntosodomgom00pell/page/271">271</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0380726335" title="Special:网络书源/0380726335"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0380726335</a>. <q>]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Charles+R.&rft.aulast=Pellegrino&rft.btitle=%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E6%89%80%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%9B%E5%92%8C%E8%9B%BE%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.edition=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%89%88&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0380726335&rft.pages=271&rft.pub=Harper+Paperbacks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freturntosodomgom00pell&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E6%AF%8D%E8%80%B3%E8%AE%B0" title="撒母耳记">撒母耳记</a>下6章2至19节,7章2-17节</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wwbible-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wwbible_36-0"><sup><b>34.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wwbible_36-1"><sup><b>34.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Michael, E.; Sharon O. Rusten, Philip Comfort, and Walter A. Elwell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completebookofwh0000rust">圣经历史地理全书</a>. Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. 2005-02-28: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completebookofwh0000rust/page/n20">20</a>-1, 67. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0842355081" title="Special:网络书源/0842355081"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0842355081</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.aulast=Michael&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&rft.date=2005-02-28&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0842355081&rft.pages=20-1%2C+67&rft.pub=Tyndale+House+Publishers%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompletebookofwh0000rust&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Merling, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150709155436/http://www.andrews.edu/archaeology/archive/merling/newpage3.htm">约柜在何处?</a>. 安德鲁大学. 1993-08-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-01-22</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andrews.edu/ARCHAEOLOGY/archive/merling/newpage3.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2015-07-09).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.au=Merling%2C+David&rft.btitle=%E7%BA%A6%E6%9F%9C%E5%9C%A8%E4%BD%95%E5%A4%84%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=1993-08-26&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.andrews.edu%2FARCHAEOLOGY%2Farchive%2Fmerling%2Fnewpage3.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Zank, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bu.edu/mzank/Jerusalem/p/period2-2-1.htm">犹大的京城(930-722)</a>. 波士顿大学. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-01-22</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528051606/http://www.bu.edu/mzank/Jerusalem/p/period2-2-1.htm">存档</a>于2013-05-28).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Zank&rft.btitle=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%AC%E5%9F%8E%EF%BC%88930-722%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bu.edu%2Fmzank%2FJerusalem%2Fp%2Fperiod2-2-1.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bu2-2-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bu2-2_39-0"><sup><b>37.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bu2-2_39-1"><sup><b>37.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Zank, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bu.edu/mzank/Jerusalem/p/period2-2.htm">Capital of Judah (930-586)</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A0%93%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="波士頓大學">波士頓大學</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-01-22</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150715082013/http://www.bu.edu/mzank/Jerusalem/p/period2-2.htm">存档</a>于2015-07-15) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Zank&rft.btitle=Capital+of+Judah+%28930-586%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A0%93%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bu.edu%2Fmzank%2FJerusalem%2Fp%2Fperiod2-2.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《列王纪下》25章1-7节;《<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E4%BB%A3%E5%BF%97" title="歷代志">历代志</a>下》36章12节;《<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%88%A9%E7%B1%B3%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="耶利米书">耶利米书</a>》39章1-7节</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《圣经·<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E8%A8%98" title="以斯拉記">以斯拉记</a>》1章2-11节</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《圣经·<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E8%A8%98" title="尼希米記">尼希米记</a>》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sicker, Martin. 罗马与耶路撒冷之间:罗马-犹太关系300年. Praeger Publishers. 2001-01-30: 2. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0275971406" title="Special:网络书源/0275971406"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0275971406</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.aulast=Sicker&rft.btitle=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%8E%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%EF%BC%9A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC-%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB300%E5%B9%B4&rft.date=2001-01-30&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0275971406&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Zank, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bu.edu/mzank/Jerusalem/p/period2-3.htm">波斯犹大总督区的中心(539-323)</a>. 波士顿大学. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-01-22</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021200403/http://www.bu.edu/mzank/Jerusalem/p/period2-3.htm">存档</a>于2012-10-21).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Zank&rft.btitle=%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%A7%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3%E5%8C%BA%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%EF%BC%88539-323%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bu.edu%2Fmzank%2FJerusalem%2Fp%2Fperiod2-3.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">克罗散, 约翰·多米尼克. 历史上的耶稣:地中海犹太农夫的生活 Reprinted ed. 旧金山: HarperCollins. 1993-02-26: 92. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0060616296" title="Special:网络书源/0060616296"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0060616296</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B&rft.aulast=%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E6%95%A3&rft.btitle=%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%EF%BC%9A%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%86%9C%E5%A4%AB%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB&rft.date=1993-02-26&rft.edition=Reprinted+ed.&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0060616296&rft.pages=92&rft.place=%E6%97%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护:冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护:冗余文本">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Zank, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bu.edu/mzank/Jerusalem/p/period3-2.htm">拜占庭耶路撒冷</a>. 波士顿大学. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-01</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019020817/http://www.bu.edu/mzank/Jerusalem/p/period3-2.htm">存档</a>于2017-10-19).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Zank&rft.btitle=%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bu.edu%2Fmzank%2FJerusalem%2Fp%2Fperiod3-2.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hoppe, Leslie J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/holycityjerusale0000hopp">旧约神学中的圣城耶路撒冷</a>. Michael Glazier Books. 2000年8月: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/holycityjerusale0000hopp/page/15">15</a> <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-01</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0814650813" title="Special:网络书源/0814650813"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0814650813</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Leslie+J.&rft.aulast=Hoppe&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A7%E7%BA%A6%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%A3%E5%9F%8E%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.date=2000-08&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0814650813&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Michael+Glazier+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fholycityjerusale0000hopp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Marcus, Jacob Rader. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jewinmedievalwor00marc">犹太人与中世纪世界:A Source Book, 315-1791</a> 修订版. Hebrew Union College Press. 2000年3月: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jewinmedievalwor00marc/page/13">13</a>-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-01</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/087820217X" title="Special:网络书源/087820217X"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 087820217X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Jacob+Rader&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.btitle=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%EF%BC%9AA+Source+Book%2C+315-1791&rft.date=2000-03&rft.edition=%E4%BF%AE%E8%AE%A2%E7%89%88&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=087820217X&rft.pages=13-15&rft.pub=Hebrew+Union+College+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjewinmedievalwor00marc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-century1-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-century1_49-0"><sup><b>47.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-century1_49-1"><sup><b>47.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centuryone.com/hstjrslm.html">Main Events in the History of Jerusalem</a>. 耶路撒冷:无止境的十字军. The CenturyOne Foundation. 2003 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-02</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160113084400/http://www.centuryone.com/hstjrslm.html">存档</a>于2016-01-13).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=Main+Events+in+the+History+of+Jerusalem&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%EF%BC%9A%E6%97%A0%E6%AD%A2%E5%A2%83%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centuryone.com%2Fhstjrslm.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《十字军史:耶路撒冷王国的兴衰》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Fromkin, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peacetoendallpea00from">一个和平结束所有和平:奥斯曼帝国崩溃与现代中东形成</a> 2. Owl Books. 2001-09-01: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peacetoendallpea00from/page/312">312</a>-3 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-02</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0805068848" title="Special:网络书源/0805068848"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0805068848</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Fromkin&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E7%BB%93%E6%9D%9F%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%EF%BC%9A%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%B4%A9%E6%BA%83%E4%B8%8E%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.edition=2&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0805068848&rft.pages=312-3&rft.pub=Owl+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpeacetoendallpea00from&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mendelsson, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061001231243/http://www.jafi.org.il/education/100/concepts/british.html">英国统治</a>. 犹太锡安主义教育部. 以色列犹太事务局l. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-02</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jafi.org.il/education/100/concepts/british.html">原始内容</a>存档于2006-10-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Mendelsson&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E9%94%A1%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E9%83%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jafi.org.il%2Feducation%2F100%2Fconcepts%2Fbritish.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Tamari, Salim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/tamjer.htm">耶路撒冷1948:幻影城</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(再版)</span>. 耶路撒冷季刊. 1999, (3) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-04-03</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060909050148/http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/tamjer.htm">存档</a>于2006-09-09).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B71948%EF%BC%9A%E5%B9%BB%E5%BD%B1%E5%9F%8E&rft.aufirst=Salim&rft.aulast=Tamari&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%AD%A3%E5%88%8A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.library.cornell.edu%2Fcolldev%2Fmideast%2Ftamjer.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ingeborg-mandate-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ingeborg-mandate_54-0"><sup><b>52.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ingeborg-mandate_54-1"><sup><b>52.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Eisenstadt, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biu.ac.il/JS/rennert/history_12.html">英国托管</a>. 耶路撒冷:Life Throughout the Ages in a Holy City. 巴尔-伊兰大学耶路撒冷研究中心. 2002-08-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151216173540/http://www.biu.ac.il/JS/rennert/history_12.html">存档</a>于2015-12-16).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%89%98%E7%AE%A1&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Eisenstadt&rft.date=2002-08-26&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%EF%BC%9ALife+Throughout+the+Ages+in+a+Holy+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biu.ac.il%2FJS%2Frennert%2Fhistory_12.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-huji-history-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-huji-history_55-0"><sup><b>53.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-huji-history_55-1"><sup><b>53.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130205121934/http://www.huji.ac.il/huji/eng/aboutHU_history_e.htm">历史</a>. 耶路撒冷希伯莱大学. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-18</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huji.ac.il/huji/eng/aboutHU_history_e.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2013-02-05).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E8%8E%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huji.ac.il%2Fhuji%2Feng%2FaboutHU_history_e.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080126145437/http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/52b7d0e66142a40e85256dc70072b982/6362111f689724d705256601007063f2%21OpenDocument">“未来的巴勒斯坦政府”大会决议:耶路撒冷市</a>. 联合国. 1948-01-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-03</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/52b7d0e66142a40e85256dc70072b982/6362111f689724d705256601007063f2!OpenDocument">原始内容</a>存档于2008-01-26).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E2%80%9C%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E2%80%9D%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E5%86%B3%E8%AE%AE%EF%BC%9A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%B8%82&rft.date=1948-01-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdomino.un.org%2Funispal.nsf%2F52b7d0e66142a40e85256dc70072b982%2F6362111f689724d705256601007063f2%21OpenDocument&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070208165053/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1980_1989/Basic%20Law-%20Jerusalem-%20Capital%20of%20Israel">基本法:耶路撒冷—以色列的首都</a>. 以色列外交部. 1980-07-30 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-03</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1980_1989/Basic%20Law-%20Jerusalem-%20Capital%20of%20Israel">原始内容</a>存档于2007-02-08).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%9A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E2%80%94%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%9A%84%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD&rft.date=1980-07-30&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FMFAArchive%2F1980_1989%2FBasic%2520Law-%2520Jerusalem-%2520Capital%2520of%2520Israel&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/913085.stm">联合国首脑会议上中东问题未取得进展</a>. BBC. 2000-09-07 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-03</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040526083355/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/913085.stm">存档</a>于2004-05-26).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E8%84%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%96%E5%BE%97%E8%BF%9B%E5%B1%95&rft.date=2000-09-07&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Famericas%2F913085.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Khaled Abu Toameh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110624115142/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1167467711961&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull">Abbas: Aim guns against occupation</a>. 耶路撒冷邮报. 2007-01-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-03</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1167467711961&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull">原始内容</a>存档于2011-06-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=Abbas%3A+Aim+guns+against+occupation&rft.au=Khaled+Abu+Toameh&rft.date=2007-01-11&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.jpost.com%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fcid%3D1167467711961%26pagename%3DJPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>该市的地位和有争议的圣地。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Guinn, David E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/protectingjerusa00guin">Protecting Jerusalem's Holy Sites: A Strategy for Negotiating a Sacred Peace</a> 1st ed. 剑桥大学出版社. 2006-10-02: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/protectingjerusa00guin/page/142">142</a> <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-11</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0521866626" title="Special:网络书源/0521866626"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0521866626</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft.aulast=Guinn&rft.btitle=Protecting+Jerusalem%27s+Holy+Sites%3A+A+Strategy+for+Negotiating+a+Sacred+Peace&rft.date=2006-10-02&rft.edition=1st+ed.&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0521866626&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=%E5%89%91%E6%A1%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprotectingjerusa00guin&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护:冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护:冗余文本">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Facts%20About%20Israel/State/Jerusalem-%20the%20Holy%20City">圣城耶路撒冷</a>. 以色列外交部. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-24</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130313053448/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Facts%20About%20Israel/State/Jerusalem-%20the%20Holy%20City">存档</a>于2013-03-13).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%A3%E5%9F%8E%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FFacts%2520About%2520Israel%2FState%2FJerusalem-%2520the%2520Holy%2520City&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《圣经·<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B3%E5%91%BD%E8%A8%98" title="申命記">申命記</a>》16章16节:“你一切的男丁,要在除酵节、七七节、住棚节,一年三次,在耶和华你神所选择的地方朝见祂。他们不可空手朝见耶和华;”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-returning-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-returning_63-0"><sup><b>61.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-returning_63-1"><sup><b>61.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Segal, Benjamin J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051223025133/http://www.jewishhistory.com/jh.php?id=AdditionalReadings&content=content%2Fsegal_ch12">Returning: The Land of Israel as Focus in Jewish History</a>. 耶路撒冷: 世界锡安主义者组织教育与文化部. 1987: 124 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishhistory.com/jh.php?id=AdditionalReadings&content=content/segal_ch12">原始内容</a>存档于2005-12-23).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+J.&rft.aulast=Segal&rft.btitle=Returning%3A+The+Land+of+Israel+as+Focus+in+Jewish+History&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=124&rft.place=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.pub=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%94%A1%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%80%85%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%8E%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%83%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishhistory.com%2Fjh.php%3Fid%3DAdditionalReadings%26content%3Dcontent%2Fsegal_ch12&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">犹太律法书Orach Chayim94章1节—“在流散期间,一个人在散居之地祷告,必须面向以色列地,朝向耶路撒冷、圣殿、至圣所。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Goldberg, Monique Susskind. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080131205934/http://www.schechter.edu/askrabbi/synagoguetemple.htm">犹太会堂</a>. Ask the Rabbi. Schechter犹太研究机构. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.schechter.edu/askrabbi/synagoguetemple.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2008-01-31).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BC%9A%E5%A0%82&rft.aufirst=Monique+Susskind&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ask+the+Rabbi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schechter.edu%2Faskrabbi%2Fsynagoguetemple.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070202235206/http://english.thekotel.org/content.asp?id=212">西墙是什么?</a>. The Kotel. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.thekotel.org/content.asp?id=212">原始内容</a>存档于2007-02-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E8%A5%BF%E5%A2%99%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%EF%BC%9F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Kotel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.thekotel.org%2Fcontent.asp%3Fid%3D212&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%8A%A0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="路加福音">路加福音</a>2:22:“按摩西律法满洁净的日子,他们带着孩子上耶路撒冷去,要把祂献与主”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="馬可福音">馬可福音</a>11:15:“他们来到耶路撒冷。耶稣进殿,就赶出殿里作买卖的人,推倒兑换银钱之人的桌子,和卖鸽子之人的凳子;”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Boas, Adrian J. 耶路撒冷的十字军遗蹟. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jerusalemtimecru00boas">十字军时代的耶路撒冷</a>. Routledge. 2001-10-12: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jerusalemtimecru00boas/page/112">112</a> <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-11</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0415230004" title="Special:网络书源/0415230004"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0415230004</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E9%81%97%E8%B9%9F&rft.aufirst=Adrian+J.&rft.aulast=Boas&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.date=2001-10-12&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0415230004&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjerusalemtimecru00boas&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Endo, Shusaku. Richard A. Schuchert , 编. 耶稣的一生. 保禄会. 1999: 116. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0809123193" title="Special:网络书源/0809123193"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0809123193</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Shusaku&rft.aulast=Endo&rft.btitle=%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E7%94%9F&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0809123193&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=%E4%BF%9D%E7%A6%84%E4%BC%9A&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="約翰福音">約翰福音</a>19:20:“有许多犹太人念这标示,因为耶稣被钉十字架的地方与城相近,并且这标示是用希伯来文、拉丁文、希腊文写的”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-worldwide-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-worldwide_72-0"><sup><b>70.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldwide_72-1"><sup><b>70.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Stump, Keith W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070402020110/http://www.wcg.org/lit/jesus/golgotha.htm">各各他在那里?</a>. 全世界上帝的教堂. 1993 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-11</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wcg.org/lit/jesus/golgotha.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2007-04-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Keith+W.&rft.aulast=Stump&rft.btitle=%E5%90%84%E5%90%84%E4%BB%96%E5%9C%A8%E9%82%A3%E9%87%8C%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%85%A8%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D%E7%9A%84%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wcg.org%2Flit%2Fjesus%2Fgolgotha.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ray, Stephen K. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stjohnsgospelbib0000rays">约翰福音:个人或团体圣经研读入门与注释</a>. 2002年10月: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stjohnsgospelbib0000rays/page/340">340</a> <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-11</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0898708214" title="Special:网络书源/0898708214"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0898708214</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Stephen+K.&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.btitle=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%88%96%E5%9B%A2%E4%BD%93%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F%E7%A0%94%E8%AF%BB%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8%E4%B8%8E%E6%B3%A8%E9%87%8A&rft.date=2002-10&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0898708214&rft.pages=340&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstjohnsgospelbib0000rays&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">O'Reilly, Sean; James O'Reilly. 朝圣:圣灵的冒险 1. 旅行者故事集. 2000-11-30: 14. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1885211562" title="Special:网络书源/1885211562"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1885211562</a>. <q>多数意见认为圣墓教堂就是各各他山的痕跡,受刑和上十字架前的最后五站的地点就位于它的黑色圆顶的下面。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft.aulast=O%27Reilly&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%9D%E5%9C%A3%EF%BC%9A%E5%9C%A3%E7%81%B5%E7%9A%84%E5%86%92%E9%99%A9&rft.date=2000-11-30&rft.edition=1&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1885211562&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C%E8%80%85%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B%E9%9B%86&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthor</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Esposito, John L. 伊斯兰教人人须知. 牛津大学出版社. 2007-03-11: 157. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0195157133" title="Special:网络书源/0195157133"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0195157133</a>. <q>夜行登霄使得耶路撒冷变成伊斯兰教第三圣地</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=John+L.&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%BB%E7%9F%A5&rft.date=2007-03-11&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0195157133&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brown, Leon Carl. 走上舞台:伊斯兰教和穆斯林. 宗教与国家:穆斯林接近政治. 哥伦比亚大学出版社. 2000-09-15: 11. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0231120389" title="Special:网络书源/0231120389"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0231120389</a>. <q>伊斯兰教的第三圣地耶路撒冷...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E8%B5%B0%E4%B8%8A%E8%88%9E%E5%8F%B0%EF%BC%9A%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E5%92%8C%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97&rft.aufirst=Leon+Carl&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.btitle=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%EF%BC%9A%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E6%8E%A5%E8%BF%91%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&rft.date=2000-09-15&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0231120389&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hoppe, Leslie J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/holycityjerusale0000hopp">圣城:旧约神学中的耶路撒冷</a>. Michael Glazier Books. 2000年8月: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/holycityjerusale0000hopp/page/14">14</a> <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-11</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0814650813" title="Special:网络书源/0814650813"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0814650813</a>. <q>耶路撒冷常被称为伊斯兰教的第三圣城...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Leslie+J.&rft.aulast=Hoppe&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%A3%E5%9F%8E%EF%BC%9A%E6%97%A7%E7%BA%A6%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.date=2000-08&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0814650813&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Michael+Glazier+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fholycityjerusale0000hopp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cordesman, Anthony H. 最后的定居点问题:不对称的价值与不对称的战争. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/israelipalestini0000cord">以巴战争:Escalating to Nowhere</a>. Praeger Security International. 2005-10-30: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/israelipalestini0000cord/page/62">62</a> <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-11</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0275987582" title="Special:网络书源/0275987582"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0275987582</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E6%9C%80%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9A%E5%B1%85%E7%82%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%8D%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%8D%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89&rft.aufirst=Anthony+H.&rft.aulast=Cordesman&rft.btitle=%E4%BB%A5%E5%B7%B4%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%EF%BC%9AEscalating+to+Nowhere&rft.date=2005-10-30&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0275987582&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Praeger+Security+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisraelipalestini0000cord&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Peters, Francis E. 上帝的先知穆罕默德. 一神论者:上帝的子民. 普林斯顿大学出版社. 2003-10-20: 95–6. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0691114609" title="Special:网络书源/0691114609"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0691114609</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%85%88%E7%9F%A5%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7&rft.aufirst=Francis+E.&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA%E8%80%85%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%90%E6%B0%91&rft.date=2003-10-20&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0691114609&rft.pages=95-6&rft.pub=%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081127160919/http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/bukhari/093.sbt.html">Sahih Bukhari</a>. 穆斯林文献概要. 南加州大学. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-11</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/bukhari/093.sbt.html#009.093.608">原始内容</a>存档于2008-11-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=Sahih+Bukhari&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usc.edu%2Fdept%2FMSA%2Ffundamentals%2Fhadithsunnah%2Fbukhari%2F093.sbt.html%23009.093.608&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cabrera, Enrique; Jorge García-Serra. 供水系统的干旱管理计划. Springer. 1998-12-31: 304. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0792352947" title="Special:网络书源/0792352947"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0792352947</a>. <q>耶路撒冷老城(760公尺)位于中央山地</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Enrique&rft.aulast=Cabrera&rft.btitle=%E4%BE%9B%E6%B0%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92&rft.date=1998-12-31&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0792352947&rft.pages=304&rft.pub=Springer&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bergsohn-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bergsohn_82-0"><sup><b>80.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bergsohn_82-1"><sup><b>80.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Bergsohn, Sam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070714134629/http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/nes263/spring06/scb48/Final%20Website/Geography%20Page.html">地理</a>. 康奈尔大学. 2006-05-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-09</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/nes263/spring06/scb48/Final%20Website/Geography%20Page.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-07-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft.aulast=Bergsohn&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86&rft.date=2006-05-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%BA%B7%E5%A5%88%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finstruct1.cit.cornell.edu%2Fcourses%2Fnes263%2Fspring06%2Fscb48%2FFinal%2520Website%2FGeography%2520Page.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Walvoord, John; Zachary J. Hayes, Clark H. Pinnock, William Crockett, and Stanley N. Gundry. The Metaphorical View. Four Views on Hell. Zondervan. 1996-01-07: 58. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0310212685" title="Special:网络书源/0310212685"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0310212685</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=The+Metaphorical+View&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Walvoord&rft.btitle=Four+Views+on+Hell&rft.date=1996-01-07&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0310212685&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rosen-Zvi, Issachar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/takingspaceserio0000rose">Taking Space Seriously:当代以色列的法律、空间与社会</a>. Ashgate Publishing. 2004年6月: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/takingspaceserio0000rose/page/37">37</a> <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-09</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0754623513" title="Special:网络书源/0754623513"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0754623513</a>. <q>例如,四大都市区的距离都是39英里</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Issachar&rft.aulast=Rosen-Zvi&rft.btitle=Taking+Space+Seriously%3A%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E3%80%81%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E4%B8%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A&rft.date=2004-06&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0754623513&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftakingspaceserio0000rose&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Federman, Josef. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5750610/">死海古卷</a>. AP via MSNBC. 2004-08-18 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-09</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013001017/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5750610/">存档</a>于2007-10-13).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E6%AD%BB%E6%B5%B7%E5%8F%A4%E5%8D%B7&rft.aufirst=Josef&rft.aulast=Federman&rft.date=2004-08-18&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.msn.com%2Fid%2F5750610%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-weather-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-weather_86-0"><sup><b>84.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weather_86-1"><sup><b>84.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071114085738/http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/ISXX0010?from=month_bottomnav_business">耶路撒冷每月平均气温</a>. The Weather Channel. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/ISXX0010?from=month_bottomnav_business">原始内容</a>存档于2007-11-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%AF%8F%E6%9C%88%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%B0%94%E6%B8%A9&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Weather+Channel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.com%2Foutlook%2Ftravel%2Fbusinesstraveler%2Fwxclimatology%2Fmonthly%2Fgraph%2FISXX0010%3Ffrom%3Dmonth_bottomnav_business&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100914010915/http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/LongTermInfo">Long Term Climate Information for Israel</a>. June 2011. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/LongTermInfo">原始内容</a>存档于2010-09-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=Long+Term+Climate+Information+for+Israel&rft.date=2011-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fims.gov.il%2FIMS%2FCLIMATE%2FLongTermInfo&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/TopClimetIsrael/">Record Data in Israel</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-11-12</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225203531/http://ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/TopClimetIsrael/%20">存档</a>于2018-12-25).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=Record+Data+in+Israel&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fims.gov.il%2FIMS%2FCLIMATE%2FTopClimetIsrael%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233325/http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/europe/gr_tu/jerusalem_e.htm">Climatological Information for Jerusalem, Israel</a>. Hong Kong Observatory. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-11-12</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/europe/gr_tu/jerusalem_e.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2016-03-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=Climatological+Information+for+Jerusalem%2C+Israel&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+Observatory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov.hk%2Fwxinfo%2Fclimat%2Fworld%2Feng%2Feurope%2Fgr_tu%2Fjerusalem_e.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-friction-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-friction_90-0"><sup><b>88.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-friction_90-1"><sup><b>88.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ma'oz, Moshe; Sari Nusseibeh. Jerusalem: Points of Friction-And Beyond. Brill Academic Publishers. 2000年3月: 44–6. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9041188436" title="Special:网络书源/9041188436"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9041188436</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rft.aulast=Ma%27oz&rft.btitle=Jerusalem%3A+Points+of+Friction-And+Beyond&rft.date=2000-03&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9041188436&rft.pages=44-6&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Zalman Abramov (1918-05-13). Perpetual Dilemma: Jewish Religion in the Jewish State. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780838616871" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780838616871</a>. Retrieved 2015-10-23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Internet_Archive_2023_v556-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Internet_Archive_2023_v556_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp03conduoft/page/162">The survey of western Palestine : memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology : Conder, C. R. (Claude Reignier), 1848-1910 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive</a>. Internet Archive. 2023-03-25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-10-17</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=The+survey+of+western+Palestine+%3A+memoirs+of+the+topography%2C+orography%2C+hydrography%2C+and+archaeology+%3A+Conder%2C+C.+R.+%28Claude+Reignier%29%2C+1848-1910+%3A+Free+Download%2C+Borrow%2C+and+Streaming+%3A+Internet+Archive&rft.date=2023-03-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsurveyofwesternp03conduoft%2Fpage%2F162&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rhett, Maryanne A. (19 November 2015). The Global History of the Balfour Declaration: Declared Nation. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781317312765" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-317-31276-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbs-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cbs_94-0"><sup><b>92.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbs_94-1"><sup><b>92.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbs_94-2"><sup><b>92.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbs_94-3"><sup><b>92.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbs_94-4"><sup><b>92.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbs_94-5"><sup><b>92.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbs_94-6"><sup><b>92.6</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbs_94-7"><sup><b>92.7</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbs_94-8"><sup><b>92.8</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070614014210/http://www.cbs.gov.il/hodaot2006n/11_06_106e.pdf">新聞稿:耶路撒冷日</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 以色列中央審計局. 2006年5月24日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbs.gov.il/hodaot2006n/11_06_106e.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(pdf)</span>存档于2007年6月14日).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%A8%BF%EF%BC%9A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%97%A5&rft.date=2006-05-24&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%AF%A9%E8%A8%88%E5%B1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fhodaot2006n%2F11_06_106e.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Sel, Neta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3254277,00.html">耶路撒冷:遊客比犹太人多</a>. YNet. 2006-05-23 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070126160709/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3254277,00.html">存档</a>于2007-01-26).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%EF%BC%9A%E9%81%8A%E5%AE%A2%E6%AF%94%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%9A&rft.aufirst=Neta&rft.aulast=Sel&rft.date=2006-05-23&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3254277%2C00.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jewish-drop-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jewish-drop_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Hockstader, Lee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060909060853/http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/jerus.htm">耶路撒冷犹太人比重下降正困扰以色列</a>. 华盛顿邮报、康奈尔大学. 1998-08-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/jerus.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2006-09-09).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8D%E4%B8%8B%E9%99%8D%E6%AD%A3%E5%9B%B0%E6%89%B0%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft.aulast=Hockstader&rft.date=1998-08-16&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.library.cornell.edu%2Fcolldev%2Fmideast%2Fjerus.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Laub, Karin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/02/AR2006120200463_pf.html">Jerusalem Barrier Causes Major Upheaval</a>. 美联社、华盛顿邮报. 2006-12-02 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111043113/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/02/AR2006120200463_pf.html">存档</a>于2012-11-11).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=Jerusalem+Barrier+Causes+Major+Upheaval&rft.aufirst=Karin&rft.aulast=Laub&rft.date=2006-12-02&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F12%2F02%2FAR2006120200463_pf.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-corridors-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-corridors_98-0"><sup><b>96.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-corridors_98-1"><sup><b>96.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Cidor, Peggy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Local-Israel/In-Jerusalem/Corridors-of-Power-A-tale-of-two-councils">Corridors of Power: A tale of two councils</a>. The Jerusalem Post. 2007-03-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-06-13</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421001217/https://www.jpost.com/Local-Israel/In-Jerusalem/Corridors-of-Power-A-tale-of-two-councils">存档</a>于2021-04-21).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=Corridors+of+Power%3A+A+tale+of+two+councils&rft.aufirst=Peggy&rft.aulast=Cidor&rft.date=2007-03-15&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FLocal-Israel%2FIn-Jerusalem%2FCorridors-of-Power-A-tale-of-two-councils&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Coker, Margaret. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071223111106/http://www.coxwashington.com/hp/content/reporters/stories/2006/11/11/BC_ISRAEL_GAYS10_COX.html">耶路撒冷成为同性恋权利与宗教信仰的战场</a>. Cox Newspapers. 2006-11-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-28</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coxwashington.com/hp/content/reporters/stories/2006/11/11/BC_ISRAEL_GAYS10_COX.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-12-23).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%88%90%E4%B8%BA%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%81%8B%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%88%98%E5%9C%BA&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.aulast=Coker&rft.date=2006-11-11&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coxwashington.com%2Fhp%2Fcontent%2Freporters%2Fstories%2F2006%2F11%2F11%2FBC_ISRAEL_GAYS10_COX.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">以色列国会官方网站:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knesset.gov.il/index.html(阿拉伯语">/ 希伯来语 / 英语)</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210508165234/http://www.knesset.gov.il/index.html%EF%BC%88%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">以色列最高法院官方网站<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://elyon1.court.gov.il/arb/home/index.html(阿拉伯语)">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年1月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://elyon1.court.gov.il/eng/home/index.html(英语)">[2]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年1月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.court.gov.il/heb/home.htm(希伯来语)">[3]</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190610085517/http://www.court.gov.il/heb/home.htm%EF%BC%88%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%89">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c105:H.R.4181.IH:">1998年耶路撒冷和柏林大使馆迁址法案</a>. 美国国会图书馆. 1998-06-25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-12</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903233952/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c105%3AH.R.4181.IH%3A">存档</a>于2015-09-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=1998%E5%B9%B4%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%92%8C%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E9%A6%86%E8%BF%81%E5%9D%80%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88&rft.date=1998-06-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthomas.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fz%3Fc105%3AH.R.4181.IH%3A&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-basiclaw-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-basiclaw_103-0"><sup><b>101.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-basiclaw_103-1"><sup><b>101.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070208165053/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1980_1989/Basic%20Law-%20Jerusalem-%20Capital%20of%20Israel">基本法:以色列首都耶路撒冷</a>. 以色列外交部. 1980-07-30 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-13</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1980_1989/Basic%20Law-%20Jerusalem-%20Capital%20of%20Israel">原始内容</a>存档于2007-02-08).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.date=1980-07-30&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FMFAArchive%2F1980_1989%2FBasic%2520Law-%2520Jerusalem-%2520Capital%2520of%2520Israel&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716055339/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1154525945429&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull">萨尔瓦多将要把大使馆迁往特拉维夫</a>. 耶路撒冷邮报. 2006-08-25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-13</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1154525945429&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull">原始内容</a>存档于2011-07-16).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%86%E8%A6%81%E6%8A%8A%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E9%A6%86%E8%BF%81%E5%BE%80%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%AB&rft.date=2006-08-25&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.jpost.com%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fcid%3D1154525945429%26pagename%3DJPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Hoffman, Gil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716060951/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&cid=1154525889070">哥斯达黎加将大使馆迁往特拉维夫</a>. 耶路撒冷邮报. 2006-08-17 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-13</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1154525889070">原始内容</a>存档于2011-07-16).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E5%93%A5%E6%96%AF%E8%BE%BE%E9%BB%8E%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%86%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E9%A6%86%E8%BF%81%E5%BE%80%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%AB&rft.aufirst=Gil&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.date=2006-08-17&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.jpost.com%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fpagename%3DJPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull%26cid%3D1154525889070&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.co.il/Embassies.php">以色列的大使馆和领事馆</a>. 以色列科技主页. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-13</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151218081246/https://www.science.co.il/Embassies.php">存档</a>于2015-12-18).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E9%A6%86%E5%92%8C%E9%A2%86%E4%BA%8B%E9%A6%86&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.co.il%2FEmbassies.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.dwnews.com/global/news/2017-12-06/60028092.html">美承认耶路撒冷为以色列首都 各方表态不一</a>. 多维网. 2017-12-06 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-12-06</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210317044331/https://www.shobserver.com/news/detail?id=74581">存档</a>于2021-03-17).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E7%9A%84%E5%86%B3%E8%AE%AE&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shobserver.com%2Fnews%2Fdetail%3Fid%3D74581&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://udn.com/news/story/6813/3141198">感謝他遷大使館 以色列頂尖足球隊隊名冠上「川普」</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-05-14</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421002220/https://udn.com/news/story/6813/3141198">存档</a>于2021-04-21).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E4%BB%96%E9%81%B7%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E9%A4%A8+%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E9%A0%82%E5%B0%96%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E9%9A%8A%E9%9A%8A%E5%90%8D%E5%86%A0%E4%B8%8A%E3%80%8C%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE%E3%80%8D&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fudn.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F6813%2F3141198&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-il-mus-about-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-il-mus-about_112-0"><sup><b>110.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-il-mus-about_112-1"><sup><b>110.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-il-mus-about_112-2"><sup><b>110.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070206172904/http://www.imj.org.il/eng/about/index.html">关于博物馆</a>. 耶路撒冷以色列博物馆. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-27</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imj.org.il/eng/about/index.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-02-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imj.org.il%2Feng%2Fabout%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070228232740/http://www.imj.org.il/eng/shrine/index.html">圣书之龛</a>. 耶路撒冷以色列博物馆. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-27</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imj.org.il/eng/shrine/index.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-02-28).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%A3%E4%B9%A6%E4%B9%8B%E9%BE%9B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imj.org.il%2Feng%2Fshrine%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070304085126/http://www.imj.org.il/eng/branches/rockefeller/index.html">洛克菲勒考古学博物馆</a>. 耶路撒冷以色列博物馆. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-28</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imj.org.il/eng/branches/rockefeller/index.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-03-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E8%8F%B2%E5%8B%92%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imj.org.il%2Feng%2Fbranches%2Frockefeller%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071211171315/http://www.imj.org.il/eng/branches/rockefeller/permanent.html">洛克菲勒考古学博物馆:关于博物馆:永久展览</a>. 耶路撒冷以色列博物馆. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-28</span>]</span>. 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(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imj.org.il/eng/branches/Ticho_house/index.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-02-05).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E8%92%82%E8%82%96%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imj.org.il%2Feng%2Fbranches%2FTicho_house%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yadvashem.org/">犹太殉难博物馆</a>. 大屠杀殉难者与英雄记忆机构. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-28</span>]</span>. 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(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.yadvashem.org/about_yad/index_about_yad.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-02-17).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E9%97%9C%E6%96%BC%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E9%A4%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA%E6%AE%89%E9%9B%A3%E8%80%85%E8%88%87%E8%8B%B1%E9%9B%84%E5%80%91%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%BD%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.yadvashem.org%2Fabout_yad%2Findex_about_yad.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iba-history-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iba-history_119-0"><sup><b>117.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iba-history_119-1"><sup><b>117.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928091514/http://www.jso.co.il/history_english.php">历史</a>. 耶路撒冷交响乐团. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-04</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jso.co.il/history_english.php">原始内容</a>存档于2007-09-28).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E4%BA%A4%E5%93%8D%E4%B9%90%E5%9B%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jso.co.il%2Fhistory_english.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100811081440/http://www.khan.co.il/about/index_english.php">关于我们</a>. 可汗剧院. 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-04</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khan.co.il/about/index_english.php">原始内容</a>存档于2010-08-11).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khan.co.il%2Fabout%2Findex_english.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070202220213/http://www.jerusalem-theatre.co.il/about_en.asp">耶路撒冷表演艺术中心</a>. 耶路撒冷剧院. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-04</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jerusalem-theatre.co.il/about_en.asp">原始内容</a>存档于2007-02-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%A1%A8%E6%BC%94%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jerusalem-theatre.co.il%2Fabout_en.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">耶路撒冷音乐中心官方网站:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jmc.co.il/Default.asp">(English)</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070317224824/http://www.jmc.co.il/Default.asp">存檔</a>,存档日期2007-03-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929051321/http://www.pnt-pal.org/history.php">历史</a>. 巴勒斯坦民族剧院. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-04</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnt-pal.org/history.php">原始内容</a>存档于2007-09-29).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnt-pal.org%2Fhistory.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011201301/http://pnt-pal.org/mission.php">使命</a>. 巴勒斯坦民族剧院. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-04</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnt-pal.org/mission.php">原始内容</a>存档于2007-10-11).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E4%BD%BF%E5%91%BD&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnt-pal.org%2Fmission.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">以色列节官方网站:<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.israel-festival.org.il/index.html(英语、希伯来语)">[4]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年6月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gsrat.net/news/newsclipDetail.php?ncdata_id=2875">以色列宗教領袖齊聚國會力阻同性戀遊行計畫</a>. 中央社. 2006-07-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-04-25</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301154048/http://gsrat.net/news/newsclipDetail.php?ncdata_id=2875">存档</a>于2021-03-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%A0%98%E8%A2%96%E9%BD%8A%E8%81%9A%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%8A%9B%E9%98%BB%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%88%80%E9%81%8A%E8%A1%8C%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB&rft.date=2006-07-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgsrat.net%2Fnews%2FnewsclipDetail.php%3Fncdata_id%3D2875&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190608040947/http://publish.lihpao.com/Gender/2006/11/07/1203/index.html">耶路撒冷同志遊行如期舉行</a>. 中央社. 2006-11-07 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-04-25</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publish.lihpao.com/Gender/2006/11/07/1203/index.html">原始内容</a>存档于2019-06-08).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E9%81%8A%E8%A1%8C%E5%A6%82%E6%9C%9F%E8%88%89%E8%A1%8C&rft.date=2006-11-07&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublish.lihpao.com%2FGender%2F2006%2F11%2F07%2F1203%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120154511/https://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=114609">9名抗议骄傲游行者被拘捕</a>. Arutz 7. 2006-11-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-04-25</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=114609">原始内容</a>存档于2022-01-20).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=9%E5%90%8D%E6%8A%97%E8%AE%AE%E9%AA%84%E5%82%B2%E6%B8%B8%E8%A1%8C%E8%80%85%E8%A2%AB%E6%8B%98%E6%8D%95&rft.date=2006-11-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Arutz+7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2Fnews.php3%3Fid%3D114609&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=114615">警察寻求高等法院取消骄傲游行</a>. Arutz 7. 2006-11-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E5%AF%BB%E6%B1%82%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E5%8F%96%E6%B6%88%E9%AA%84%E5%82%B2%E6%B8%B8%E8%A1%8C&rft.date=2006-11-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Arutz+7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2Fnews.php3%3Fid%3D114615&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年1月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Torstrick, Rebecca L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof0000tors">以色列的文化与风俗</a>. 青木出版(Greenwood). 2004-06-30: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof0000tors/page/141">141</a> <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-07</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0313320918" title="Special:网络书源/0313320918"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0313320918</a>. <q>以色列最受欢迎的2项体育运动是足球和篮球。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Rebecca+L.&rft.aulast=Torstrick&rft.btitle=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%8E%E9%A3%8E%E4%BF%97&rft.date=2004-06-30&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0313320918&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=%E9%9D%92%E6%9C%A8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%EF%BC%88Greenwood%EF%BC%89&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fculturecustomsof0000tors&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Griver, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130402050714/http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/MFA/Israel%2Bbeyond%2Bthe%2Bconflict/Betar%2BJerusalem-%2BA%2BLocal%2BSports%2BLegend%2BExports%2BTal">耶路撒冷比塔尔</a>. 以色列外交部. 1997年10月 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-07</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110316043523/http://www.beitar-jerusalem.org.il/">存档</a>于2011-03-16).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%AF%94%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E4%BF%B1%E4%B9%90%E9%83%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beitar-jerusalem.org.il%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(希伯来语)<cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080102043627/http://www.hapoel.co.il/hapoel.asp">主页</a>. 耶路撒冷夏普尔. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hapoel.co.il/hapoel.asp">原始内容</a>存档于2008-01-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%A4%8F%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hapoel.co.il%2Fhapoel.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Eldar, Yishai. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/mfaarchive/2000_2009/2001/12/focus%20on%20israel-%20jerusalem%20-%20architecture%20since%2019">耶路撒冷:1948年以来的建筑</a>. 以色列外交部. 2001-12-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703014145/http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/mfaarchive/2000_2009/2001/12/focus%20on%20israel-%20jerusalem%20-%20architecture%20since%2019">存档</a>于2017-07-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Yishai&rft.aulast=Eldar&rft.btitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%EF%BC%9A1948%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E6%9D%A5%E7%9A%84%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2Fmfa%2Fmfaarchive%2F2000_2009%2F2001%2F12%2Ffocus%2520on%2520israel-%2520jerusalem%2520-%2520architecture%2520since%252019&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-politics-1967-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-politics-1967_135-0"><sup><b>133.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-politics-1967_135-1"><sup><b>133.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-politics-1967_135-2"><sup><b>133.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-politics-1967_135-3"><sup><b>133.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dumper, Michael. 1967年以来的耶路撒冷政治. 哥伦比亚大学出版社. 1996-04-15: 207–10. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0231106408" title="Special:网络书源/0231106408"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0231106408</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Dumper&rft.btitle=1967%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E6%9D%A5%E7%9A%84%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&rft.date=1996-04-15&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0231106408&rft.pages=207-10&rft.pub=%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-insider-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-insider_136-0"><sup><b>134.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-insider_136-1"><sup><b>134.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070126063314/http://web.israelinsider.com/Articles/Briefs/10317.htm">研究表明耶路撒冷的贫困人口两倍于其他以色列城市</a>. Israel Insider. 2007-01-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-11</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.israelinsider.com/Articles/Briefs/10317.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2007-01-26).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%A1%A8%E6%98%8E%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%AB%E5%9B%B0%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E4%B8%A4%E5%80%8D%E4%BA%8E%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82&rft.date=2007-01-11&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.israelinsider.com%2FArticles%2FBriefs%2F10317.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070427222723/http://www.hotzvim.org.il/SiteFiles/1/35/901.asp">哈·获兹威姆工业园区</a>. 哈·获兹威姆工业园区. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-13</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hotzvim.org.il/SiteFiles/1/35/901.asp">原始内容</a>存档于2007-04-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E5%93%88%C2%B7%E8%8E%B7%E5%85%B9%E5%A8%81%E5%A7%86%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%9B%AD%E5%8C%BA&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%93%88%C2%B7%E8%8E%B7%E5%85%B9%E5%A8%81%E5%A7%86%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%9B%AD%E5%8C%BA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotzvim.org.il%2FSiteFiles%2F1%2F35%2F901.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Solomon, Shoshanna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2001/11/Facets%20of%20the%20Israeli%20Economy-%20Transportation">以色列经济面面观–交通</a>. 以色列外交部. 2001-11-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-14</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120526005406/www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2001/11/Facets%20of%20the%20Israeli%20Economy-%20Transportation">存档</a>于2012-05-26).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E9%9D%A2%E9%9D%A2%E8%A7%82%E2%80%93%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A&rft.aufirst=Shoshanna&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FMFAArchive%2F2000_2009%2F2001%2F11%2FFacets%2520of%2520the%2520Israeli%2520Economy-%2520Transportation&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070912175341/http://overseas.huji.ac.il/campus.asp?cat=277&in=275">耶路撒冷的生活–交通</a>. Rothberg International Station –耶路撒冷希伯莱大学. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-14</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://overseas.huji.ac.il/campus.asp?cat=277&in=275">原始内容</a>存档于2007-09-12).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E2%80%93%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Rothberg+International+Station+%E2%80%93%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E8%8E%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foverseas.huji.ac.il%2Fcampus.asp%3Fcat%3D277%26in%3D275&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/jerusalems-new-high-speed-train-starts-regular-trips-to-ben-gurion-airport/">Jerusalem's new high-speed train starts regular trips to Ben Gurion Airport</a>. The Times of Israel. 25 August 2018 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2019]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326040817/https://www.timesofisrael.com/jerusalems-new-high-speed-train-starts-regular-trips-to-ben-gurion-airport/">存档</a>于2023-03-26).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=Jerusalem%27s+new+high-speed+train+starts+regular+trips+to+Ben+Gurion+Airport&rft.date=2018-08-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fjerusalems-new-high-speed-train-starts-regular-trips-to-ben-gurion-airport%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Smith, Patrick. 招聘飞行员. Salon. 2006-06-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E6%8B%9B%E8%81%98%E9%A3%9E%E8%A1%8C%E5%91%98&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.date=2006-06-09&rft.genre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rings-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rings_142-0"><sup><b>140.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rings_142-1"><sup><b>140.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Burstein, Nathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110624104929/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?apage=1&cid=1137605873879&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull">在我们周围造一条环城公路</a>. 耶路撒冷邮报. 2006-01-19 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-17</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?apage=1&cid=1137605873879&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull">原始内容</a>存档于2011-06-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E5%9C%A8%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E5%91%A8%E5%9B%B4%E9%80%A0%E4%B8%80%E6%9D%A1%E7%8E%AF%E5%9F%8E%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft.aulast=Burstein&rft.date=2006-01-19&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.jpost.com%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fapage%3D1%26cid%3D1137605873879%26pagename%3DJPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070714063823/http://www.rakevetkala-jerusalem.org.il/ENB2.html">Solution</a>. 耶路撒冷快速运输系统工程. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-17</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rakevetkala-jerusalem.org.il/ENB2.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-07-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=Solution&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E8%BF%90%E8%BE%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rakevetkala-jerusalem.org.il%2FENB2.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">耶路撒冷希伯来大学官方网站:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huji.ac.il/">(希伯来语)</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200909204534/http://www.huji.ac.il/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)、<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.huji.ac.il/huji/eng/index_e.htm(希伯来语)">[5]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年1月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">赫什科, 阿夫拉姆. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2004/hershko-autobio.html">阿夫拉姆·赫什科</a>. 诺贝尔基金会. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-18</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130530223313/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2004/hershko-autobio.html">存档</a>于2013-05-30).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=%E9%98%BF%E5%A4%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86&rft.aulast=%E8%B5%AB%E4%BB%80%E7%A7%91&rft.btitle=%E9%98%BF%E5%A4%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E4%BB%80%E7%A7%91&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F2004%2Fhershko-autobio.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">格娄斯, 戴维. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2004/gross-autobio.html">David J. Gross</a>. 诺贝尔基金会. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-18</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130530215540/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2004/gross-autobio.html">存档</a>于2013-05-30).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4&rft.aulast=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A8%84%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=David+J.+Gross&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F2004%2Fgross-autobio.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">卡尼曼, 丹尼尔. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2002/kahneman-autobio.html">丹尼尔·卡尼曼</a>. 诺贝尔基金会. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-18</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130530215603/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2002/kahneman-autobio.html">存档</a>于2013-05-30).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94&rft.aulast=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%BC%E6%9B%BC&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%BC%E6%9B%BC&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Feconomics%2Flaureates%2F2002%2Fkahneman-autobio.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070429175424/http://jnul.huji.ac.il/eng/col_general.html">关于图书馆:主要收藏</a>. 犹太国家与大学图书馆. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-27</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jnul.huji.ac.il/eng/col_general.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-04-29).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E6%94%B6%E8%97%8F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnul.huji.ac.il%2Feng%2Fcol_general.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070421084915/http://www.jnul.huji.ac.il/eng/history.html">图书馆的历史与目标</a>. 犹太人国家及大学图书馆. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-27</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jnul.huji.ac.il/eng/history.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-04-21).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8E%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%8A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnul.huji.ac.il%2Feng%2Fhistory.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-al-quds1-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-al-quds1_150-0"><sup><b>148.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-al-quds1_150-1"><sup><b>148.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928061028/http://www.alquds.edu/faculties/science/index.php?page=overview">科学与技术</a>. 耶路撒冷大学. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-19</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alquds.edu/faculties/science/index.php?page=overview">原始内容</a>存档于2007-09-28).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%8E%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alquds.edu%2Ffaculties%2Fscience%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Doverview&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070317104232/http://www.alquds.edu/press/urgent_appeal.php">Urgent Appeal</a>. 耶路撒冷大学. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-27</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alquds.edu/press/urgent_appeal.php">原始内容</a>存档于2007-03-17).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=Urgent+Appeal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alquds.edu%2Fpress%2Furgent_appeal.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">耶路撒冷音乐与舞蹈学院官方网站:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jmd.ac.il/">(希伯来语)</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070315020659/http://www.jmd.ac.il/">存檔</a>,存档日期2007-03-15.、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jmd.ac.il/english/">(英语)</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070312025020/http://www.jmd.ac.il/english/">存檔</a>,存档日期2007-03-12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">比撒列美术与设计学院官方网站:<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.bezalel.ac.il/site/hpopen.asp(希伯来语)">[6]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.bezalel.ac.il/sitee/homepage.asp(英语)">[7]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080201120754/http://www.jct.ac.il/NR/exeres/56FCED6F-06D1-4E02-8C2F-15E36061D279.htm">About JCT</a>. 耶路撒冷Technology学院. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-25</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jct.ac.il/NR/exeres/56FCED6F-06D1-4E02-8C2F-15E36061D279.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2008-02-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=About+JCT&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7Technology%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jct.ac.il%2FNR%2Fexeres%2F56FCED6F-06D1-4E02-8C2F-15E36061D279.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Wohlgelernter, Elli. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080202163159/http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Home/About/Press%2BRoom/Jewish%2BAgency%2BIn%2BThe%2BNews/2000%2Band%2Bbefore/jpdec28.htm%2B188.htm">米尔村,律法书曾在此诵读</a>. 以色列犹太事务局. 2000-12-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-26</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Home/About/Press+Room/Jewish+Agency+In+The+News/2000+and+before/jpdec28.htm+188.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2008-02-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Elli&rft.aulast=Wohlgelernter&rft.btitle=%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E6%9D%91%EF%BC%8C%E5%BE%8B%E6%B3%95%E4%B9%A6%E6%9B%BE%E5%9C%A8%E6%AD%A4%E8%AF%B5%E8%AF%BB&rft.date=2000-12-28&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E5%B1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishagency.org%2FJewishAgency%2FEnglish%2FHome%2FAbout%2FPress%2BRoom%2FJewish%2BAgency%2BIn%2BThe%2BNews%2F2000%2Band%2Bbefore%2Fjpdec28.htm%2B188.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-human-rights-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-human-rights_156-0"><sup><b>154.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-human-rights_156-1"><sup><b>154.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-human-rights_156-2"><sup><b>154.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/israel2/ISRAEL0901-01.htm">摘要</a>. 以色列学校中对巴勒斯坦学生的第二类歧视. 人权观察. 2001年9月 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-27</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160118005900/https://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/israel2/ISRAEL0901-01.htm">存档</a>于2016-01-18).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81&rft.date=2001-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E4%B8%AD%E5%AF%B9%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%AD%A6%E7%94%9F%E7%9A%84%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%B1%BB%E6%AD%A7%E8%A7%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freports%2F2001%2Fisrael2%2FISRAEL0901-01.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yossi Feintuch,美国的耶路撒冷政策<i>,青木出版集团,1987, p. 1. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780313257001" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-313-25700-1</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell Geoffrey Bard,对中东冲突愚蠢的指导, Alpha Books, 2002, p. 330. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780028644103" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-02-864410-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adl.org/israel/advocacy/glossary/jerusalem.asp">你应该知道的基本事实:耶路撒冷</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130104013732/http://www.adl.org/israel/advocacy/glossary/Jerusalem.asp">存檔</a>,存档日期2013-01-04.,反诽谤同盟, 2007. Accessed 2007-3-28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《圣经》《诗篇》137篇第5、6节:“耶路撒冷阿,我若忘记你,情愿我的右手忘记技巧。我若不记念你,若不看耶路撒冷过于我所最喜乐的,情愿我的舌头贴于上膛。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leslie J. Hoppe. <i>圣城:旧约神学中的耶路撒冷</i>, Liturgical Press, 2000, p. 6. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780814650813" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8146-5081-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paper.wenweipo.com/2000/09/08/CH0009080036.htm">耶路撒冷:中東問題的癥結</a>. 文汇报. 2000-09-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-25</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307065333/http://paper.wenweipo.com/2000/09/08/CH0009080036.htm">存档</a>于2008-03-07).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%99%A5%E7%B5%90&rft.date=2000-09-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%96%87%E6%B1%87%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaper.wenweipo.com%2F2000%2F09%2F08%2FCH0009080036.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Orfali, Jacob G. Everywhere You Go, People Are the Same. Ronin Publishing. 1995年3月: 25. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0914171755" title="Special:网络书源/0914171755"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0914171755</a>. <q>1923年,耶路撒冷城为英属巴勒斯坦托管地的首府</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Jacob+G.&rft.aulast=Orfali&rft.btitle=Everywhere+You+Go%2C+People+Are+the+Same&rft.date=1995-03&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0914171755&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Ronin+Publishing&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Segal, Jerome M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060514191731/http://www.publicpolicy.umd.edu/IPPP/Fall97Report/negotiating_jerusalem.htm">耶路撒冷谈判</a>. 马里兰大学公共政策学院. Fall 1997 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-25</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicpolicy.umd.edu/IPPP/Fall97Report/negotiating_jerusalem.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2006-05-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.aufirst=Jerome+M.&rft.aulast=Segal&rft.btitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%B0%88%E5%88%A4&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicpolicy.umd.edu%2FIPPP%2FFall97Report%2Fnegotiating_jerusalem.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Klein, Menachem. PLO和东耶路撒冷的巴勒斯坦身份. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jersualemcontest0000klei">耶路撒冷:一个争议城市的未来</a>. 纽约大学出版社. 2001年3月: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jersualemcontest0000klei/page/189">189</a> <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-25</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/081474754X" title="Special:网络书源/081474754X"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 081474754X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=PLO%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%9C%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%BA%AB%E4%BB%BD&rft.aufirst=Menachem&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.btitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5&rft.date=2001-03&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=081474754X&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjersualemcontest0000klei&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://world.people.com.cn/n1/2017/1208/c1002-29694504.html">俄罗斯强调:东耶路撒冷是巴勒斯坦首都 西耶路撒冷是以色列首都</a>. 人民网. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-03-03</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210317044748/http://world.people.com.cn/n1/2017/1208/c1002-29694504.html">存档</a>于2021-03-17).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%BC%BA%E8%B0%83%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%9C%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%98%AF%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD+%E8%A5%BF%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworld.people.com.cn%2Fn1%2F2017%2F1208%2Fc1002-29694504.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/zh/澳大利亚承认西耶路撒冷是以色列首都/a-46755033">澳大利亚承认西耶路撒冷是以色列首都</a>. 德国之声. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-02-09</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181216173055/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E8%A5%BF%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD/a-46755033">存档</a>于2018-12-16).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E8%A5%BF%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E4%B9%8B%E5%A3%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fzh%2F%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E8%A5%BF%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%2Fa-46755033&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171207140055/http://news.21cn.com/photo/a/2017/1207/07/32808364.shtml">特朗普宣布美国承认耶路撒冷为以色列首都</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-12-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.21cn.com/photo/a/2017/1207/07/32808364.shtml">原始内容</a>存档于2017-12-07).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E6%99%AE%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.21cn.com%2Fphoto%2Fa%2F2017%2F1207%2F07%2F32808364.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2017-12/07/c_129758772.htm">美要认耶路撒冷为以首都?或引发大范围动荡</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-12-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171225182426/http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2017-12/07/c_129758772.htm">存档</a>于2017-12-25).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E7%BE%8E%E8%A6%81%E8%AE%A4%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%A5%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%EF%BC%9F%E6%88%96%E5%BC%95%E5%8F%91%E5%A4%A7%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%8A%A8%E8%8D%A1&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fworld%2F2017-12%2F07%2Fc_129758772.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201712050017-1.aspx">美使館是否遷耶路撒冷 白宮:延後決定</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-12-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180517152703/http://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201712050017-1.aspx">存档</a>于2018-05-17).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E7%BE%8E%E4%BD%BF%E9%A4%A8%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E9%81%B7%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7+%E7%99%BD%E5%AE%AE%EF%BC%9A%E5%BB%B6%E5%BE%8C%E6%B1%BA%E5%AE%9A&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cna.com.tw%2Fnews%2Ffirstnews%2F201712050017-1.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dzb.hxnews.com/2017-12/07/content_454751.htm">美要认耶路撒冷为以色列首都</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-12-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421001737/http://dzb.hxnews.com/2017-12/07/content_454751.htm">存档</a>于2021-04-21).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E7%BE%8E%E8%A6%81%E8%AE%A4%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdzb.hxnews.com%2F2017-12%2F07%2Fcontent_454751.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailysabah.com/mideast/2017/12/07/google-yandex-show-jerusalem-as-israels-capital-after-trumps-announcement">Google, Yandex show Jerusalem as Israel's capital after Trump's announcement</a>. Daily Sabah. 2017-12-07 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-12-08</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421001738/https://www.dailysabah.com/mideast/2017/12/07/google-yandex-show-jerusalem-as-israels-capital-after-trumps-announcement">存档</a>于2021-04-21).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=Google%2C+Yandex+show+Jerusalem+as+Israel%27s+capital+after+Trump%27s+announcement&rft.date=2017-12-07&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Fmideast%2F2017%2F12%2F07%2Fgoogle-yandex-show-jerusalem-as-israels-capital-after-trumps-announcement&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2018-05/15/c_129871985.htm">美驻以使馆迁至耶路撒冷</a>. 新华社. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-03-03</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210317044830/http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2018-05/15/c_129871985.htm">存档</a>于2021-03-17).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.atitle=%E7%BE%8E%E9%A9%BB%E4%BB%A5%E4%BD%BF%E9%A6%86%E8%BF%81%E8%87%B3%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%8E%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Fworld%2F2018-05%2F15%2Fc_129871985.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation conference">《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83%E5%92%8C%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E6%AD%A3%E5%B8%B8%E5%8C%96%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0_(2020%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="科索沃和塞爾維亞的經濟正常化協議 (2020年)">科索沃和塞爾維亞的經濟正常化協議 (2020年)</a>》.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83%E5%92%8C%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E6%AD%A3%E5%B8%B8%E5%8C%96%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0+%282020%E5%B9%B4%29%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=conference&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080117184923/http://www.sci-icrc.org/icrc/directory/MiddleEast/Israel">Online Directory: Israel, Middle East</a>. Sister Cities International. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-04-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sci-icrc.org/icrc/directory/MiddleEast/Israel">原始内容</a>存档于2008-01-17).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&rft.btitle=Online+Directory%3A+Israel%2C+Middle+East&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Sister+Cities+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sci-icrc.org%2Ficrc%2Fdirectory%2FMiddleEast%2FIsrael&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节:外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLRU_iZogho">平安! 平安! 耶路撒冷 שְׁלוֹם יְרוּשָׁלִָם </a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220205062133/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLRU_iZogho">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相关的多媒体资源:<b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem?uselang=zh">耶路撒冷</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%AF%BC%E6%B8%B8" title="维基导游">维基导游</a>上<a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" class="extiw" title="voy:耶路撒冷">有關耶路撒冷的旅行指南</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070711062220/http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_main/defaultnew.asp?lng=2">官方网站</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jerusalemshots.com/en">图片</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210506092836/http://www.jerusalemshots.com/en">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/Depts/dpi/palestine/ch12.pdf">耶路撒冷地位</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160304092300/http://www.un.org/Depts/dpi/palestine/ch12.pdf">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>),联合国文件</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070208165053/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1980_1989/Basic%20Law-%20Jerusalem-%20Capital%20of%20Israel">基本法:耶路撒冷—以色列的首都</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imj.org.il/">以色列博物馆</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/19961106164540/http://www.imj.org.il/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yadvashem.org/">犹太殉难纪念馆</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160204081835/http://www.yadvashem.org/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huji.ac.il/huji/eng/index_e.htm">耶路撒冷希伯莱大学</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090318195621/http://www.huji.ac.il/huji/eng/index_e.htm">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alquds.edu/">al-Quds大学</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090426023017/http://www.alquds.edu/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>),“耶路撒冷唯一的阿拉伯大学”</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070329041819/http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/map2000_eng/first1.asp">耶路撒冷今日地图</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060411201121/http://maps-of-jerusalem.huji.ac.il/">耶路撒冷古代地图</a>,藏于耶路撒冷希伯莱大学</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com">耶路撒冷邮报</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190817023425/http://www.jpost.com/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>),以色列最大、最古老的英文报纸</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070912182008/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/theme/religion/rel_jerusalem.htm"><b>Lonely Planet</b> - 耶路撒冷</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节:注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"></div> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="Template:亞洲首都"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="Template talk:亞洲首都"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:亞洲首都"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="亚洲首都" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="首都">首都</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><b>粗斜體</b></i>为<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="有限承认国家">未被国际普遍承认国家</a>的首都或未被国际普遍承认的首都。</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 10%;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" title="中亚">中亚</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%8D" title="阿斯塔納">阿斯塔納</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BB%80%E5%87%AF%E5%85%8B" title="比什凯克">比什凯克</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯斯坦</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%B0%9A%E5%88%AB" title="杜尚别">杜尚别</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塔吉克斯坦">塔吉克斯坦</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BB%80%E5%93%88%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7" title="阿什哈巴德">阿什哈巴德</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦">土库曼斯坦</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E4%BB%80%E5%B9%B2" title="塔什干">塔什干</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="乌兹别克斯坦">乌兹别克斯坦</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 10%;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A" title="东亚">东亚</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82" title="北京市">北京</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" title="東京都">東京</a></b><sup><small>1</small></sup>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E5%B8%82" title="平壤市">平壤</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鲜</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E5%B8%82" title="首爾特別市">首爾</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">韩国</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%B7%B4%E6%89%98" title="乌兰巴托">乌兰巴托</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古国">蒙古</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%82" title="臺北市">臺北</a></b></i><sup><small>2</small></sup>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 10%;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="南亚">南亚</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%8D%A1" title="达卡">达卡</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BD" title="孟加拉国">孟加拉</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B7%E5%B8%83" title="廷布">廷布</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9" title="不丹">不丹</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C" title="新德里">新德里</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%B4%AF" title="馬累">马累</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%AB" title="马尔代夫">马尔代夫</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%BE%B7%E6%BB%BF%E9%83%BD" title="加德滿都">加德滿都</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94" title="尼泊尔">尼泊尔</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%A0%A1" title="伊斯兰堡">伊斯兰堡</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%B3%88%E4%BA%9E%E7%93%A6%E5%BE%B7%E7%B4%8D%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9" title="斯里賈亞瓦德納普拉科特">科特</a></b><sup><small>3</small></sup><span style="font-size:smaller;">(正式首都)</span>與<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%80%AB%E5%9D%A1" title="可倫坡">科伦坡</a></b><span style="font-size:smaller;">(行政首都)</span>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1" title="斯里蘭卡">斯里蘭卡</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 10%;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E5%8A%A0%E6%B9%BE%E5%B8%82" title="斯里巴加湾市">斯里巴加湾市</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%B6%E8%8E%B1" title="汶莱">文莱</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%BE%B9" title="金边">金边</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨">柬埔寨</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%8A%9B" title="帝力">帝力</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%B8%9D%E6%B1%B6" title="东帝汶">东帝汶</a>)<sup><small>4</small></sup><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E5%B1%B1%E5%A1%94%E6%8B%89" title="努山塔拉">努山塔拉</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印度尼西亚</a>)<sup><small>5</small></sup><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E7%8F%8D" title="永珍">万象</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D" title="老挝">老挝</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E9%9A%86%E5%9D%A1" title="吉隆坡">吉隆坡</a></b><span style="font-size:smaller;">(正式首都)</span>與<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%9F%8E" title="布城">布城</a></b><span style="font-size:smaller;">(行政首都)</span> (<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E6%AF%94%E5%A4%9A" title="奈比多">内比都</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8" title="缅甸">缅甸</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%8B%89" title="马尼拉">马尼拉</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE" title="菲律宾">菲律宾</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a><sup><small>6</small></sup></b><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E8%B0%B7" title="曼谷">曼谷</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="泰国">泰国</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%85%A7%E5%B8%82" title="河內市">河内</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 10%;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="西亚">西亚</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94" title="喀布尔">喀布尔</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E9%87%8C%E6%BA%AB" title="葉里溫">埃里温</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="亞美尼亞">亞美尼亞</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%BA%93" title="巴库">巴库</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆">阿塞拜疆</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E7%BA%B3%E9%BA%A6" title="麦纳麦">麦纳麦</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%97" title="巴林">巴林</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="尼科西亚">尼科西亚</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">塞浦路斯</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="第比利斯">第比利斯</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%BB%91%E5%85%B0" title="德黑兰">德黑兰</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E8%BE%BE" title="巴格达">巴格达</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="伊拉克">伊拉克</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">耶路撒冷</a></b></i><sup><small>7</small></sup>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9B%BC" title="安曼">安曼</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦">约旦</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9%E5%9F%8E" title="科威特城">科威特城</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9" title="科威特">科威特</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E9%B2%81%E7%89%B9" title="贝鲁特">贝鲁特</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E5%96%80%E7%89%B9" title="马斯喀特">马斯喀特</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9B%BC" title="阿曼">阿曼</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%93%88" title="多哈">多哈</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94" title="卡塔尔">卡塔尔</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E9%9B%85%E5%BE%B7" title="利雅德">利雅德</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" title="沙特阿拉伯">沙特阿拉伯</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A9%AC%E5%A3%AB%E9%9D%A9" title="大马士革">大马士革</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="叙利亚">叙利亚</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89" title="安卡拉">安卡拉</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a>)<sup><small>8</small></sup><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E6%89%8E%E6%AF%94" title="阿布扎比">阿布扎比</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E9%85%8B%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯联合酋长国">阿拉伯联合酋长国</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E9%82%A3" title="萨那">萨那</a></b><sup><small>9</small></sup>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9F%E9%97%A8" title="也门">也门</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%91%BC%E7%B1%B3" title="苏呼米">苏呼米</a></b></i>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E5%85%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="阿布哈兹">阿布哈兹</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="东耶路撒冷">东耶路撒冷</a></b></i><sup><small>10</small></sup>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9C%8B" title="巴勒斯坦國">巴勒斯坦國</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%A8%E6%AC%A3%E7%93%A6%E5%88%A9" title="茨欣瓦利">茨欣瓦利</a></b></i>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%A5%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%A2%AF" title="南奥塞梯">南奥塞梯</a>)<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="北尼科西亚">北尼科西亚</a></b></i>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="北賽普勒斯">北賽普勒斯</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div><b>备注:</b><br /><div><sup>1</sup> 日本现在没有任何法律规定首都之地点,但东京都区部为日本的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E6%89%80%E5%9C%A8%E5%9C%B0" title="中央政府所在地">中央政府所在地</a>,因而使东京都被广泛认知为日本首都。此外日本在1950年制定过《首都建设法》,但已废除。1956年制定的《首都圈整备法》则将东京都、埼玉县、千叶县、神奈川县、茨城县、栃木县、群马县、山梨县规定为<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%9C%88_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="首都圈 (日本)">首都圈</a>。<br /> <p><sup>2</sup> 自1949年<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="海峽兩岸關係">海峽兩岸</a>分治後,<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%82" title="臺北市">臺北市</a>普遍被中華民國官方及民間認定為首都。參見<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="中華民國首都">中華民國首都</a>條目。<br /> <sup>3</sup> 全名為<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%B3%88%E4%BA%9E%E7%93%A6%E5%BE%B7%E7%B4%8D%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9" title="斯里賈亞瓦德納普拉科特">斯里賈亞瓦德納普拉科特</a>。<br /> <sup>4</sup> 有時會被歸類為<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="美拉尼西亚">美拉尼西亞</a>群島之一。<br /> <sup>5</sup> 印尼未來計畫<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%BF%81%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="印度尼西亚迁都计划">迁都</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E5%B1%B1%E5%A1%94%E6%8B%89" title="努山塔拉">努山塔拉</a>。<br /> <sup>6</sup> 新加坡是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%82%A6" title="城邦">城邦國</a>。<br /> <sup>7</sup> 国际一般公认以色列首都为<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%AB" title="特拉维夫">特拉维夫</a>。<br /> <sup>8</sup> 土耳其國土橫跨亞洲及<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">歐洲</a>,因而有時會被同時歸類為歐洲國家。<br /> <sup>9</sup> 因<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E9%82%A3" title="萨那">萨那</a>被<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%A1%9E%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="胡塞运动">胡塞运动</a>占领,也门首都临时迁往<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E4%B8%81" title="亞丁">亞丁</a>。<br /> <sup>10</sup> 東耶路撒冷為巴勒斯坦國主張之首都,實際之<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" title="巴勒斯坦民族权力机构">政府所在地</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E5%AE%89%E6%8B%89" title="拉姆安拉">拉姆安拉</a>。<br /> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="犹太人和犹太教" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%92%8C%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="Template:犹太人和犹太教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%92%8C%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="Template talk:猶太人和猶太教"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%92%8C%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:犹太人和犹太教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="犹太人和犹太教" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">犹太人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">民系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%B3%95%E8%BF%AA%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="塞法迪犹太人">塞法迪犹太人</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%89%E8%AB%BE" title="瑪拉諾">瑪拉諾</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BB%80%E8%82%AF%E7%B4%8D%E8%8C%B2%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="阿什肯納茲猶太人">阿什肯納茲猶太人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%8C%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="米兹拉希犹太人">米兹拉希犹太人</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E8%BE%BE%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="巴格达犹太人">巴格达</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="布哈拉猶太人">布哈拉</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="高加索犹太人">高加索犹太人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9F%8F%E7%88%BE%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="柏柏爾猶太人">柏柏爾猶太人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%83%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="馬格里布猶太人">馬格拉布猶太人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="阿爾及利亞的猶太人">阿爾及利亞的猶太人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="撒馬利亞人">撒馬利亞人</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地族群</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E9%96%80%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="葉門猶太人">葉門</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%8A%9B%E8%AB%BE%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="聖馬力諾猶太人">聖馬利諾</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A7%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="羅馬尼奧猶太人">東地中海</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="中國猶太人">中国大陆</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="开封犹太人">開封</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91" title="天津犹太移民">天津</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="香港猶太人">香港</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%88%BE%E6%BF%B1%E5%83%91%E6%B0%91#猶太僑民" title="哈爾濱僑民">哈爾濱</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E8%87%BA%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="在臺猶太人">臺灣</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E8%B2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="牙買加猶太人">牙買加</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A7%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="克里姆查克人">克里米亞</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%B9%8B%E5%AD%90" title="以色列之子">印度</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E6%9E%9D%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="柯枝猶太人">印度喀拉拉邦</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%A4%E9%81%94%E4%BA%9E" title="阿巴尤達亞">烏干達</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%A1%94%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="贝塔以色列">衣索比亞</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="日本猶太人">日本</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E7%9A%84%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="緬甸的猶太人">緬甸</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太自治州">俄羅斯</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="14" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Menorah_blue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Menorah_blue.svg/80px-Menorah_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Menorah_blue.svg/120px-Menorah_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Menorah_blue.svg/160px-Menorah_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="356" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="猶太語言">语言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="希伯来语">希伯来语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA-%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太-摩洛哥語">猶太-摩洛哥語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA-%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太-阿拉伯語">猶太-阿拉伯語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="犹太西班牙语">拉迪諾語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太葡萄牙語">猶太-葡萄牙語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%B7%92%E8%AA%9E" title="意第緒語">意第緒語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA-%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="犹太-罗曼语支">犹太-罗曼语支</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" title="希伯來語復興">希伯來語復興</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">宗教运动</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教正統派">正统派</a>(<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈达尔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hardal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE" title="哈達爾">哈达尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardal" class="extiw" title="en:Hardal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hardal</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%9B%B7%E8%BF%AA%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="哈雷迪猶太教">哈雷迪</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%A5%BF%E8%BF%AA%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="哈西迪猶太教">哈西迪</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E6%B4%BE%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="现代正统派犹太教(页面不存在)">现代正统派</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="慕沙运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Musar Movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%95%E6%B2%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="慕沙运动(页面不存在)">慕沙运动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musar_Movement" class="extiw" title="en:Musar Movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Musar Movement</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教保守派">保守派</a>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教保守正统派(页面不存在)">保守正统派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E9%87%8D%E5%BB%BA%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教重建派">重建派</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="猶太教復興派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jewish_Renewal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="猶太教復興派(页面不存在)">復興運動</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" class="extiw" title="en:Jewish Renewal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jewish_Renewal</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教改革派">改革派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="拉比猶太教">拉比派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E6%B4%BE" title="犹太教卡拉派">卡拉派</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%8A%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%BA" title="卡拉伊姆人">卡拉伊姆人</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%95%99" title="撒马利亚教">撒马利亚派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太教宗派分立" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jewish schisms"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教宗派分立(页面不存在)">宗派分立</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_schisms" class="extiw" title="en:Jewish schisms"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jewish schisms</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太教人文派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Humanistic Judaism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教人文派(页面不存在)">人文派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" class="extiw" title="en:Humanistic Judaism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Humanistic Judaism</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E7%84%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96%E8%80%85" title="Category:猶太無神論者">无神论</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="猶太教哲學">哲学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太基本信仰(页面不存在)">基本信仰</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%89%E6%B0%91_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="选民 (宗教)">选民观念</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AE%BA" title="犹太教末世论">末世论</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太伦理(页面不存在)">伦理</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%A1" title="哈拉卡">哈拉卡</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="納粹大屠殺">大屠杀理论</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89" title="卡巴拉">卡巴拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%90%88%E6%95%99%E8%A6%8F%E7%9A%84%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9_(%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99)" title="符合教規的食物 (猶太教)">洁食</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%8C%E8%B3%BD%E4%BA%9E" title="彌賽亞">彌賽亞</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%97" title="Category:犹太教中神的名字">神的名字</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E4%BA%9E%E4%B8%83%E5%BE%8B" title="挪亞七律">挪亞七律</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太慈善观" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tzedakah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%85%88%E5%96%84%E8%A7%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太慈善观(页面不存在)">慈善观</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzedakah" class="extiw" title="en:Tzedakah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tzedakah</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太着装条例" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tzniut"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E7%9D%80%E8%A3%85%E6%9D%A1%E4%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太着装条例(页面不存在)">着装条例</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzniut" class="extiw" title="en:Tzniut"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tzniut</span></a></span>)</span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="猶太文學">文學</a>·宗教文献</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%8D%E8%B5%AB" title="塔納赫">塔納赫</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%A5%E6%8B%89" title="妥拉">妥拉</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%94%E7%BB%8F" title="摩西五经">摩西五经</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%9F%A5%E4%B9%A6" title="先知书">先知书</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="智慧书(页面不存在)">智慧书</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9C%A8%E5%BE%B7" title="塔木德">塔木德</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%9B%B8%E6%8B%BF" title="米書拿">米書拿</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A9%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89" title="革馬拉">革馬拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%80" title="米德拉什">米德拉什</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%80%E7%91%9F%E4%BB%96" title="陀瑟他">陀瑟他</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉比文学(页面不存在)">拉比文学</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%86%E8%A5%BF%E6%8B%BF%E6%89%98%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="密西拿托拉(页面不存在)">密西拿托拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="四部法典" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Arba'ah Turim"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E9%83%A8%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="四部法典(页面不存在)">四部法典</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arba%27ah_Turim" class="extiw" title="en:Arba'ah Turim"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Arba'ah Turim</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9C%A8%E5%BE%B7" title="塔木德">犹太法典</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="清晰教導集" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mishnah Berurah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%99%B0%E6%95%99%E5%B0%8E%E9%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="清晰教導集(页面不存在)">清晰教導集</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mishnah_Berurah" class="extiw" title="en:Mishnah Berurah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mishnah Berurah</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%98%8E%E7%AF%87" title="光明篇">光明篇</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%8A%A0%E8%BE%BE" title="哈加达">哈加达</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太诗歌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Piyyut"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太诗歌(页面不存在)">诗歌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piyyut" class="extiw" title="en:Piyyut"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Piyyut</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太教祈祷书" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Siddur"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教祈祷书(页面不存在)">祈祷书</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddur" class="extiw" title="en:Siddur"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Siddur</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="希伯來文學">希伯來文學</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">圣经人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95" title="亞伯拉罕">亞伯拉罕</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E6%92%92" title="以撒">以撒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84_(%E8%88%8A%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93)" title="雅各 (舊約聖經)">雅各</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E6%8B%89" title="撒拉">撒拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%99%BE%E5%8A%A0" title="利百加">利百加</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%93" title="拉结">拉结</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="利亞">利亞</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF" title="摩西">摩西</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%89" title="底波拉">底波拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%97%E8%A8%98" title="路得記">路得</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%E7%8E%8B" title="大衛王">大衛王</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%80%E7%BE%85%E9%96%80" title="所羅門">所羅門</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="以利亞">以利亞</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%A2%86%E8%A2%96" title="Category:犹太教宗教领袖">犹太教领袖</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%8B%92%E5%B0%94%E9%95%BF%E8%80%81" title="希勒尔长老">老希列</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%9E%E8%B2%B7" title="煞買">煞買</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%93%88-%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF" title="犹大·哈-纳西">犹大·哈-纳西</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E9%98%BF%E8%BF%AA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E6%9E%9C%E6%98%82" title="萨阿迪亚·果昂">萨蒂亚·高安</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="杰顺·本·犹大" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gershom_ben_Judah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B0%E9%A1%BA%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="杰顺·本·犹大(页面不存在)">杰顺·本·犹大</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gershom_ben_Judah" class="extiw" title="en:Gershom ben Judah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gershom_ben_Judah</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以撒·奥法西" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Isaac_Alfasi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%92%92%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%B3%95%E8%A5%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以撒·奥法西(页面不存在)">以撒·奥法西</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Alfasi" class="extiw" title="en:Isaac Alfasi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Isaac_Alfasi</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%80" title="拉什">拉什</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%88%97%E7%BB%B4" title="犹大·哈列维">犹大·哈列维</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E8%8C%B2%E6%8B%89" title="阿伯拉罕·伊本·埃茲拉">亚伯拉罕·伊本·以斯拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩菲斯茨列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List_of_Tosafists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E8%8F%B2%E6%96%AF%E8%8C%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩菲斯茨列表(页面不存在)">中世纪犹太教士</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Tosafists" class="extiw" title="en:List of Tosafists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List_of_Tosafists</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%81%E8%92%99%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7" title="邁蒙尼德">邁蒙尼德</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E8%B3%80%E8%92%99%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7" title="納賀蒙尼德">纳曼尼德</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿舍·本·杰希勒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Asher_ben_Jehiel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E8%88%8D%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E6%9D%B0%E5%B8%8C%E5%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿舍·本·杰希勒(页面不存在)">阿舍·本·杰希勒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asher_ben_Jehiel" class="extiw" title="en:Asher ben Jehiel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Asher_ben_Jehiel</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E6%9D%BE%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7" title="吉尔松尼德">盖森尼德</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="约瑟夫·埃尔伯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Joseph_Albo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约瑟夫·埃尔伯(页面不存在)">约瑟夫·埃尔伯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Albo" class="extiw" title="en:Joseph Albo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Joseph_Albo</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%A7%E7%88%BE" title="阿巴伯內爾">以撒·亚伯拉班内尔</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以撒•卢里亚" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Isaac_Luria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%92%92%E2%80%A2%E5%8D%A2%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以撒•卢里亚(页面不存在)">以撒•卢里亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Luria" class="extiw" title="en:Isaac Luria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Isaac_Luria</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E5%A4%AB" title="巴尔·谢姆·托夫">巴尔·闪·托夫</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E9%98%81%E4%B8%8B" title="维尔纳阁下">维尔纳·高安</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E9%97%A8%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E6%9D%BE" title="摩西·门德尔松">摩西·门德尔松</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="利奥波德·聪茨" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Leopold_Zunz"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%81%AA%E8%8C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="利奥波德·聪茨(页面不存在)">利奥波德·聪茨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Zunz" class="extiw" title="en:Leopold Zunz"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Leopold_Zunz</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="桑松·拉斐尔·赫希" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Samson_Raphael_Hirsch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%91%E6%9D%BE%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%96%90%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%B8%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桑松·拉斐尔·赫希(页面不存在)">桑松·拉斐尔·赫希</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samson_Raphael_Hirsch" class="extiw" title="en:Samson Raphael Hirsch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Samson_Raphael_Hirsch</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚伯拉罕·盖革" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abraham_Geiger"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%C2%B7%E7%9B%96%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚伯拉罕·盖革(页面不存在)">亚伯拉罕·盖革</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Geiger" class="extiw" title="en:Abraham Geiger"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abraham_Geiger</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="所罗门·谢克特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Solomon_Schechter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%80%E7%BD%97%E9%97%A8%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="所罗门·谢克特(页面不存在)">所罗门·谢克特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Schechter" class="extiw" title="en:Solomon Schechter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Solomon_Schechter</span></a></span>)</span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太世俗文化(页面不存在)">世俗文化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世俗猶太人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hiloni"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世俗猶太人(页面不存在)">世俗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiloni" class="extiw" title="en:Hiloni"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hiloni</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%81%E6%98%AF%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%9F" title="谁是犹太人?">谁是犹太人?</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="祈祷最低人数" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Minyan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="祈祷最低人数(页面不存在)">祈祷最低人数</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyan" class="extiw" title="en:Minyan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Minyan</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%88%90%E4%BA%BA%E7%A6%AE" title="猶太教成人禮">成人礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%B8%A7%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教丧礼(页面不存在)">丧礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B2%E7%A6%AE" title="割禮">割禮</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E8%AF%8D%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太人词源(页面不存在)">犹太人词源</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太人婚姻(页面不存在)">婚姻</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A9%9A%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太人婚礼(页面不存在)">婚礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%B4%81%E5%87%80%E8%A7%82%E5%BF%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太洁净观念(页面不存在)">犹太洁净观念</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%AD%90%E8%B5%8E%E9%93%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="长子赎银(页面不存在)">长子赎银</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="猶太人飲食">犹太人饮食</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太媒妁" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shidduch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%AA%92%E5%A6%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太媒妁(页面不存在)">犹太媒妁</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shidduch" class="extiw" title="en:Shidduch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shidduch</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太女婴命名仪式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Zeved habat"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%A5%B3%E5%A9%B4%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E4%BB%AA%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太女婴命名仪式(页面不存在)">犹太女婴命名仪式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeved_habat" class="extiw" title="en:Zeved habat"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Zeved habat</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%88%E4%BE%9D%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="皈依猶太教">皈依犹太教</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%A4%B4%E8%A1%94" title="Category:犹太教头衔">神职</a>·圣迹</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%A3%E5%9F%8E" title="犹太教四大圣城">四大圣城</a>(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">耶路撒冷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%87%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9" title="采法特">采法特</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BC%A6" title="希伯伦">希伯仑</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E" title="提比里亞">提比里亞</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太宗教法庭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Beth din"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太宗教法庭(页面不存在)">法庭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth_din" class="extiw" title="en:Beth din"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Beth din</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="会堂管理人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gabbai"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%9A%E5%A0%82%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="会堂管理人(页面不存在)">会堂管理人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbai" class="extiw" title="en:Gabbai"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gabbai</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E9%A2%86%E5%94%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教领唱(页面不存在)">领唱</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%80%AB%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%AB" title="亞倫子孫">祭司</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="說教師" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Maggid"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%AA%E6%95%99%E5%B8%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="說教師(页面不存在)">說教師</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggid" class="extiw" title="en:Maggid"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Maggid</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%B4%81%E9%A3%9F%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太洁食监督人(页面不存在)">犹太洁食监督人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%B4%81%E5%87%80%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太洁净礼(页面不存在)">犹太洁净礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="穆漢" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mohel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E6%BC%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆漢(页面不存在)">穆漢</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohel" class="extiw" title="en:Mohel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mohel</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94" title="拉比">拉比</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="列比" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rebbe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%97%E6%AF%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="列比(页面不存在)">列比</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebbe" class="extiw" title="en:Rebbe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rebbe</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="犹太神学院">神学院</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%9C%83%E5%A0%82" title="猶太會堂">猶太會堂</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF" title="耶路撒冷聖殿">圣殿</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E5%B9%95" title="会幕">会幕</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A2%99" title="西墙">西墙</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="line-height:1.1em;">宗教用具<br />祈祷仪式</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="我們有責任" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aleinu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E6%9C%89%E8%B2%AC%E4%BB%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="我們有責任(页面不存在)">我們有責任</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleinu" class="extiw" title="en:Aleinu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aleinu</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%A5%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教祷文(页面不存在)">犹太教祷文</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8F%E6%A3%9A%E8%8A%82%E5%9B%9B%E6%A0%B7%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="住棚节四样植物">四样植物</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加特尔(页面不存在)">加特尔</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="讚美詩篇" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hallel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%9A%E7%BE%8E%E8%A9%A9%E7%AF%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="讚美詩篇(页面不存在)">讚美詩篇</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallel" class="extiw" title="en:Hallel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hallel</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安息日结束礼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Havdalah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E6%97%A5%E7%BB%93%E6%9D%9F%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安息日结束礼(页面不存在)">安息日结束礼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havdalah" class="extiw" title="en:Havdalah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Havdalah</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聖頌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kaddish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E9%A0%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖頌(页面不存在)">聖頌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaddish" class="extiw" title="en:Kaddish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kaddish</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基特尔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kittel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基特尔(页面不存在)">基特尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kittel" class="extiw" title="en:Kittel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kittel</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%8E%E7%BD%AA%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赎罪日祈祷(页面不存在)">赎罪日祈祷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="玛托福" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ma Tovu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%9B%E6%89%98%E7%A6%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="玛托福(页面不存在)">玛托福</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Tovu" class="extiw" title="en:Ma Tovu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ma Tovu</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%87%88%E8%87%BA" title="猶太教燈臺">猶太教燈臺</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%98%8E%E8%8A%82%E7%81%AF%E5%8F%B0" title="光明节灯台">再献圣殿节灯台</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E6%A1%86%E7%BB%8F%E6%96%87%E7%9B%92" title="门框经文盒">门柱圣卷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教祈祷礼(页面不存在)">祈祷礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%8F%E5%8D%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托拉经卷(页面不存在)">经卷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教祈祷文(页面不存在)">祈祷文</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BA%E7%91%AA" title="示瑪">听!以色列</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肖法号角" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="shofar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%96%E6%B3%95%E5%8F%B7%E8%A7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肖法号角(页面不存在)">羊角号</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/shofar" class="extiw" title="en:shofar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">shofar</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%8A%AB%E5%B7%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太披巾(页面不存在)">披巾</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E7%BB%8F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太经文匣(页面不存在)">经文匣</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%B8%E5%AD%90" title="繸子">流苏</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E7%B6%93%E6%A8%99" title="指經標">读经之手</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B8%95_(%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99)" title="基帕 (猶太教)">基巴</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="line-height:1.1em;"><br />与其他宗教的关系</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%AF%B9%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教对宗教多元化的观点(页面不存在)">犹太教对宗教多元化的观点</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="亚伯拉罕宗教">亚伯拉罕宗教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="犹太教与基督教">基督教</a>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教与犹太教(页面不存在)">天主教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%92%8C%E8%A7%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教犹太和解(页面不存在)">基督教犹太和解</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太基督教徒(页面不存在)">犹太基督教徒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E9%97%A8%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摩尔门教与犹太教(页面不存在)">摩尔门教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A5%E8%B5%9B%E4%BA%9A%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="弥赛亚犹太教">弥赛亚犹太教</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯兰教与犹太教(页面不存在)">伊斯兰教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" title="犹太佛教徒">犹太佛教徒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%95%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="新異教主義">新异教主义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%A3%94%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非洲裔希伯来以色列人(页面不存在)">非洲裔希伯来以色列人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡巴拉中心(页面不存在)">卡巴拉中心</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="替代犹太教(页面不存在)">其他</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="犹太人历史">历史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2#古代" title="以色列历史">古代</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF" title="耶路撒冷聖殿">耶路撒冷聖殿</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E4%BC%A6%E5%9B%9A%E8%99%8F" title="巴比伦囚虏">巴比伦囚徒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">耶路撒冷</a>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教中的耶路撒冷(页面不存在)">意义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶路撒冷大事记(页面不存在)">大事记</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%96%AF%E8%92%99%E5%B0%BC%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="哈斯蒙尼王朝">哈斯蒙尼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%8B%E7%8E%8B" title="大希律王">希律王</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83" title="猶太公會">猶太公會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%88%A9%E8%B5%9B%E4%BA%BA" title="法利赛人">法利赛人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%A5%E4%BA%BA" title="撒都该人">撒都该人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%B3%BD%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="艾賽尼派">艾賽尼派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%AE%E9%8A%B3%E9%BB%A8" title="奮銳黨">奮銳黨</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E2%80%93%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第一次猶太–羅馬戰爭">第一次犹太罗马战争</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E7%A7%91%E8%B5%AB%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9" title="巴爾科赫巴起義">科赫巴大起义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E6%B5%81%E6%95%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="犹太人大流散">流散</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF" title="维尔纽斯">维尔纽斯</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪犹太人(页面不存在)">中世纪</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%90%A8%E4%BA%BA" title="可萨人">可萨人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆斯林世界的犹太人历史(页面不存在)">穆斯林统治</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B7%B4%E8%92%82%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赛巴蒂教徒(页面不存在)">赛巴蒂教徒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="哈斯卡拉运动">哈斯卡拉運動</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="犹太解放运动">解放</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="納粹大屠殺">大屠杀</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="阿利亞運動">阿利亚</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%A4%8D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太复国主义历史(页面不存在)">犹太复国主义历史</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="以色列历史">以色列历史</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BB%A5%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81" title="阿以冲突">阿以冲突</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81" title="以巴冲突">以巴冲突</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%B0" title="以色列地">以色列地</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="悔改運動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Baal teshuva movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%94%E6%94%B9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="悔改運動(页面不存在)">巴尔特舒华运动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baal_teshuva_movement" class="extiw" title="en:Baal teshuva movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Baal teshuva movement</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="各国犹太教">各国犹太教</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="以色列政治">政治</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="錫安主義">錫安主義</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E9%94%A1%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一般锡安主义者(页面不存在)">一般</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="勞工錫安主義">勞工</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="宗教錫安主義">宗教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%B4%BE%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%A4%8D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="修正派犹太复国主义">修正</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="迦南主義">迦南主義</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太政治运动(页面不存在)">政治运动</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%B7%A6%E7%BF%BC" title="犹太左翼">左派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%8F%B3%E7%BF%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太右翼(页面不存在)">右派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%97%A0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太无政府主义(页面不存在)">犹太无政府主义</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿古达运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="World Agudath Israel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%A4%E8%BE%BE%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿古达运动(页面不存在)">阿古达运动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Agudath_Israel" class="extiw" title="en:World Agudath Israel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">World Agudath Israel</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%A5%B3%E6%9D%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太女权主义(页面不存在)">女权主义</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="反犹太主义">反犹太主义</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反犹主义历史(页面不存在)">历史</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%B9%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="对犹太人的迫害(页面不存在)">迫害</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新反犹主义(页面不存在)">新反犹主义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E6%AD%A7%E8%A7%86%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="种族歧视反犹太主义(页面不存在)">种族性</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教反犹太主义(页面不存在)">宗教性</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="反錫安主義">反锡安主义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E9%9B%86%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="聚集區">隔都</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15px&#124;class=skin-invert_歐洲歌唱大賽" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="Template:歐洲歌唱大賽"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="Template talk:歐洲歌唱大賽"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:歐洲歌唱大賽"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="15px&#124;class=skin-invert_歐洲歌唱大賽" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_Eurovision_Heart_(Infobox).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Wiki_Eurovision_Heart_%28Infobox%29.svg/15px-Wiki_Eurovision_Heart_%28Infobox%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Wiki_Eurovision_Heart_%28Infobox%29.svg/23px-Wiki_Eurovision_Heart_%28Infobox%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Wiki_Eurovision_Heart_%28Infobox%29.svg/30px-Wiki_Eurovision_Heart_%28Infobox%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="125" data-file-height="131" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="歐洲歌唱大賽">歐洲歌唱大賽</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="歐洲歌唱大賽歷史">歷史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐洲歌唱大賽比赛规则" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%9B%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲歌唱大賽比赛规则(页面不存在)">規則</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" class="extiw" title="en:Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E6%BC%94%E5%94%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="歐洲歌唱大賽演唱語言列表">演唱語言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐洲歌唱大賽投票方式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Voting at the Eurovision Song Contest"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲歌唱大賽投票方式(页面不存在)">投票方式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_at_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" class="extiw" title="en:Voting at the Eurovision Song Contest"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Voting at the Eurovision Song Contest</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%86%E5%86%A0%E8%BB%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="歐洲歌唱大賽歷屆冠軍列表">歷屆冠軍</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐洲歌唱大賽奪冠曲目" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eurovision Song Contest winners discography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E5%A5%AA%E5%86%A0%E6%9B%B2%E7%9B%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲歌唱大賽奪冠曲目(页面不存在)">奪冠曲目</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_winners_discography" class="extiw" title="en:Eurovision Song Contest winners discography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eurovision Song Contest winners discography</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐洲歌唱大賽主持人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Eurovision Song Contest presenters"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E4%B8%BB%E6%8C%81%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲歌唱大賽主持人(页面不存在)">主持人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_presenters" class="extiw" title="en:List of Eurovision Song Contest presenters"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Eurovision Song Contest presenters</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGAE" title="OGAE">OGAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E6%A1%91%E6%9D%BE%E7%8D%8E" title="馬塞爾·貝桑松獎">馬塞爾·貝桑松獎</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="歷屆賽事" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">歷屆賽事</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1956年歐洲歌唱大賽">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957%E5%B9%B4%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B" title="1957年欧洲歌唱大赛">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1958年歐洲歌唱大賽">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1959年歐洲歌唱大賽">1959</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1960年歐洲歌唱大賽">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1961年歐洲歌唱大賽">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1962年歐洲歌唱大賽">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1963年歐洲歌唱大賽">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1964年歐洲歌唱大賽">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1965年歐洲歌唱大賽">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1966年歐洲歌唱大賽">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1967年歐洲歌唱大賽">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1968年歐洲歌唱大賽">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1969年歐洲歌唱大賽">1969</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1970年歐洲歌唱大賽">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1971年歐洲歌唱大賽">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1972年歐洲歌唱大賽">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1973年歐洲歌唱大賽">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1974年歐洲歌唱大賽">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1975年歐洲歌唱大賽">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1976年歐洲歌唱大賽">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1977年歐洲歌唱大賽">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1978年歐洲歌唱大賽">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1979年歐洲歌唱大賽">1979</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1980年歐洲歌唱大賽">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1981年歐洲歌唱大賽">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1982年歐洲歌唱大賽">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1983年歐洲歌唱大賽">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1984年歐洲歌唱大賽">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1985年歐洲歌唱大賽">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1986年歐洲歌唱大賽">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E5%B9%B4%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B" title="1987年欧洲歌唱大赛">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1988年歐洲歌唱大賽">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1989年歐洲歌唱大賽">1989</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1990年歐洲歌唱大賽">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1991年歐洲歌唱大賽">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1992年歐洲歌唱大賽">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1993年歐洲歌唱大賽">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1994年歐洲歌唱大賽">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1995年歐洲歌唱大賽">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1996年歐洲歌唱大賽">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1997年歐洲歌唱大賽">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1998年歐洲歌唱大賽">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="1999年歐洲歌唱大賽">1999</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="2000年歐洲歌唱大賽">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="2001年歐洲歌唱大賽">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="2002年歐洲歌唱大賽">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="2003年歐洲歌唱大賽">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="2004年歐洲歌唱大賽">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="2005年歐洲歌唱大賽">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="2006年歐洲歌唱大賽">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E5%B9%B4%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="2007年欧洲歌唱大赛">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%E5%B9%B4%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="2008年欧洲歌唱大赛">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="2009年歐洲歌唱大賽">2009</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010%E5%B9%B4%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B" title="2010年欧洲歌唱大赛">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="2011年歐洲歌唱大賽">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E5%B9%B4%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B" title="2012年欧洲歌唱大赛">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013%E5%B9%B4%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B" title="2013年欧洲歌唱大赛">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="2014年歐洲歌唱大賽">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="2015年歐洲歌唱大賽">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="2016年歐洲歌唱大賽">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E5%B9%B4%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B" title="2017年欧洲歌唱大赛">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="2018年歐洲歌唱大賽">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E5%B9%B4%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B" title="2019年欧洲歌唱大赛">2019</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><s><a href="/wiki/2020%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="2020年歐洲歌唱大賽">2020</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E5%B9%B4%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B" title="2021年欧洲歌唱大赛">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E5%B9%B4%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B" title="2022年欧洲歌唱大赛">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023%E5%B9%B4%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B" title="2023年欧洲歌唱大赛">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="2024年歐洲歌唱大賽">2024</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2025%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD" title="2025年歐洲歌唱大賽">2025</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="歷屆舉辦城市(英语:-&#123;List_of_host_cities_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&#125;-)" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐洲歌唱大賽舉辦城市" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of host cities of the Eurovision Song Contest"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E8%88%89%E8%BE%A6%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲歌唱大賽舉辦城市(页面不存在)">歷屆舉辦城市</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_host_cities_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" class="extiw" title="en:List of host cities of the Eurovision Song Contest"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of host cities of the Eurovision Song Contest</span></a></span>)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E5%8A%A0%E8%AB%BE" title="盧加諾">盧加諾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%A0%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F" title="美因河畔法兰克福">法蘭克福</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%88%BE%E5%BC%97%E7%91%9F%E5%A7%86" title="希爾弗瑟姆">希爾弗瑟姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%9B%E7%BA%B3" title="戛纳">戛纳</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6" title="伦敦">伦敦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%9B%E7%BA%B3" title="戛纳">戛纳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E5%B8%82" title="盧森堡市">盧森堡市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6" title="伦敦">伦敦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%93%88%E6%A0%B9" title="哥本哈根">哥本哈根</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E4%B8%8D%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="那不勒斯">那不勒斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E5%B8%82" title="盧森堡市">盧森堡市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D" title="維也納">維也納</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6" title="伦敦">伦敦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C" title="马德里">马德里</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="都柏林">都柏林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="爱丁堡">爱丁堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E5%B8%82" title="盧森堡市">盧森堡市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%B5%96%E9%A1%BF" title="布赖顿">布赖顿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9" title="斯德哥尔摩">斯德哥尔摩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%99" title="海牙">海牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6" title="伦敦">伦敦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E" title="巴黎">巴黎</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">耶路撒冷</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%99" title="海牙">海牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="都柏林">都柏林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%BD%97%E7%9B%96%E7%89%B9" title="哈罗盖特">哈洛格特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%95%E5%B0%BC%E9%BB%91" title="慕尼黑">慕尼黑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E5%B8%82" title="盧森堡市">盧森堡市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%A0%A1" title="哥德堡">哥德堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%91%E7%88%BE%E6%A0%B9" title="卑爾根">卑爾根</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="布鲁塞尔">布鲁塞尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="都柏林">都柏林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%A1%91" title="洛桑">洛桑</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E5%B8%83" title="萨格勒布">萨格勒布</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="罗马">罗马</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E9%BB%98" title="马尔默">马尔默</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9" title="米尔斯特里特">米尔斯特里特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="都柏林">都柏林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="都柏林">都柏林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E9%99%86" title="奥斯陆">奥斯陆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="都柏林">都柏林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E6%98%8E%E7%BF%B0" title="伯明翰">伯明翰</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">耶路撒冷</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9" title="斯德哥尔摩">斯德哥尔摩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%93%88%E6%A0%B9" title="哥本哈根">哥本哈根</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9E%97" title="塔林">塔林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%8A%A0" title="里加">里加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%A0%A1" title="伊斯坦堡">伊斯坦堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔">基輔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B8" title="雅典">雅典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%9B%E5%9F%BA" title="赫尔辛基">赫尔辛基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%E8%8E%B1%E5%BE%B7" title="贝尔格莱德">貝爾格勒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91" title="莫斯科">莫斯科</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E9%99%86" title="奥斯陆">奥斯陆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%AB" title="杜塞尔多夫">杜塞尔多夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%BA%93" title="巴库">巴库</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E9%BB%98" title="马尔默">马尔默</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%93%88%E6%A0%B9" title="哥本哈根">哥本哈根</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D" title="維也納">維也納</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9" title="斯德哥尔摩">斯德哥尔摩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔">基輔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC" title="里斯本">里斯本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%AB" title="特拉维夫">特拉维夫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><s><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="鹿特丹">鹿特丹</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="鹿特丹">鹿特丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E7%81%B5" title="都灵">都灵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%89%A9%E6%B5%A6" title="利物浦">利物浦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E9%BB%98" title="马尔默">马尔默</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="參賽國" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%B5%9B%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="欧洲歌唱大赛参赛国家列表">參賽國</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">現在的參賽國<br />(※為五大國)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%A8%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE" title="阿尔巴尼亚在歐洲歌唱大賽之歷年表現">阿爾巴尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="亚美尼亚在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">亞美尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="澳大利亚在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">澳大利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%A8%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE" title="奧地利在歐洲歌唱大賽之歷年表現">奧地利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86%E5%9C%A8%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE" title="阿塞拜疆在歐洲歌唱大賽之歷年表現">亞塞拜然</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="比利时在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">比利時</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="克罗地亚在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">克羅埃西亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%B5%A6%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="塞浦路斯在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">賽普勒斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="捷克在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">捷克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="丹麦在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">丹麥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%9C%A8%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE" title="愛沙尼亞在歐洲歌唱大賽之歷年表現">愛沙尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="芬兰在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">芬蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%A8%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE" title="法國在歐洲歌唱大賽之歷年表現">法國</a>※</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="格鲁吉亚在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">喬治亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%A8%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE" title="德國在歐洲歌唱大賽之歷年表現">德國</a>※</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="希腊在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">希臘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="冰岛在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">冰岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="爱尔兰在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">愛爾蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="以色列在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">以色列</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="意大利在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">意大利</a>※</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="拉脱维亚在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">拉脱维亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="立陶宛在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">立陶宛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="卢森堡在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">盧森堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%96%E5%9C%A8%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE" title="馬爾他在歐洲歌唱大賽之歷年表現">馬爾他</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="摩尔多瓦在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">摩爾多瓦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="荷兰在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">荷蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="挪威在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">挪威</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%A8%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE" title="波蘭在歐洲歌唱大賽之歷年表現">波蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E5%9C%A8%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE" title="葡萄牙在歐洲歌唱大賽之歷年表現">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%BA%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="圣马力诺在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">聖馬利諾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="塞尔维亚在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">塞爾維亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="斯洛文尼亚在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">斯洛維尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="西班牙在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">西班牙</a>※</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E5%9C%A8%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE" title="瑞典在歐洲歌唱大賽之歷年表現">瑞典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="瑞士在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">瑞士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="乌克兰在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">烏克蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="英国在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">英國</a>※</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">已退賽參賽國</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E7%88%BE%E5%9C%A8%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE" title="安道爾在歐洲歌唱大賽之歷年表現">安道爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="保加利亚在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">保加利亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="匈牙利在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">匈牙利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%B4%8D%E5%93%A5%E5%9C%A8%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE" title="摩納哥在歐洲歌唱大賽之歷年表現">摩納哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="黑山在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">蒙特內哥羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5%E5%9C%A8%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE" title="摩洛哥在歐洲歌唱大賽之歷年表現">摩洛哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="北马其顿在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">北马其顿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%9C%A8%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE" title="羅馬尼亞在歐洲歌唱大賽之歷年表現">羅馬尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E5%9C%A8%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE" title="斯洛伐克在歐洲歌唱大賽之歷年表現">斯洛伐克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%9C%A8%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE" title="土耳其在歐洲歌唱大賽之歷年表現">土耳其</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">失去參賽資格的國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="白俄罗斯在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">白俄羅斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="俄罗斯在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">俄羅斯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">已消失參賽國</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E8%88%87%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%A8%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE" title="塞爾維亞與蒙特內哥羅在歐洲歌唱大賽之歷年表現">塞爾維亞與蒙特內哥羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%9C%A8%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE" title="南斯拉夫在歐洲歌唱大賽之歷年表現">南斯拉夫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">無法參賽的國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="法罗群岛">法罗群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%99%BB" title="列支敦斯登">列支敦斯登</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94" title="卡塔尔">卡塔尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭">蘇格蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="突尼西亞">突尼西亞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="特別活动(英语:-&#123;List_of_special_shows_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&#125;-)" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="欧洲歌唱大赛特別活动列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of special shows of the Eurovision Song Contest"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲歌唱大赛特別活动列表(页面不存在)">特別活动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_special_shows_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" class="extiw" title="en:List of special shows of the Eurovision Song Contest"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of special shows of the Eurovision Song Contest</span></a></span>)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B50%E5%91%A8%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%86%E5%85%B8" title="欧洲歌唱大赛50周年庆典">欧洲歌唱大赛50周年庆典</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="欧洲歌唱大赛:名曲大赏" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%EF%BC%9A%E5%90%8D%E6%9B%B2%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲歌唱大赛:名曲大赏(页面不存在)">欧洲歌唱大赛:名曲大赏</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest%27s_Greatest_Hits" class="extiw" title="en:Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="欧洲歌唱大赛:闪耀欧洲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%EF%BC%9A%E9%97%AA%E8%80%80%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲歌唱大赛:闪耀欧洲(页面不存在)">欧洲歌唱大赛:闪耀欧洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision:_Europe_Shine_a_Light" class="extiw" title="en:Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>电影《<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%BD%EF%BC%9A%E7%81%AB%E7%84%B0%E5%82%B3%E8%AA%AA" title="歐洲歌唱大賽:火焰傳說">歐洲歌唱大賽:火焰傳說</a>》</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1218#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1218#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1218#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Middle East--Jerusalem"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1216276/">FAST</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Al-Kuds"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121586491">ISNI</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jerusalem"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/131280745">VIAF</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jerusalem"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkp9jBRd8fKjb3BBXQDv3">WorldCat</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000061647">智利</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jerusalén"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451223">西班牙</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jérusalem"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118646774">法国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jérusalem"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118646774">BnF data</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jerusalem"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058610800706706">加泰罗尼亚</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jerusalem"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4028586-8">德国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007562169605171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jerusalem"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81126877">美国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="エルサレム"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628202">日本</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jeruzalém"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134245&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jeruzalem"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000136370&local_base=nsk10">克罗地亚</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地理</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/08a08584-b3a5-473a-b52e-00f5fd9b0649">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/687928">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=20086">现代乌克兰百科全书</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044349">NARA</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jérusalem"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026390183">IdRef</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/kudus">伊斯兰百科全书</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐849f99967d‐52fbz Cached time: 20241124083444 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 3.728 seconds Real time usage: 4.243 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 27527/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 961698/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 45439/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 30/100 Expensive parser function count: 90/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 304824/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 1.851/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 23400340/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: ? 620 ms 27.9% 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