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<span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="أمبير-ساعة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أمبير-ساعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ампер-гадзіна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ампер-гадзіна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80-%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ампэр-гадзіна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ампэр-гадзіна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Ампер-час – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ампер-час" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere-hora" title="Ampere-hora – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ampere-hora" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amp%C3%A9rhodina" title="Ampérhodina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ampérhodina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amperestunde" title="Amperestunde – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amperestunde" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αμπερώριο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμπερώριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amperio-hora" title="Amperio-hora – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Amperio-hora" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere-ordu" title="Ampere-ordu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ampere-ordu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA" title="آمپر ساعت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آمپر ساعت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amp%C3%A8re-heure" title="Ampère-heure – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ampère-heure" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%94%ED%8E%98%EC%96%B4%EC%8B%9C" title="암페어시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="암페어시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80-%D5%AA%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Ամպեր-ժամ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամպեր-ժամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="ऐम्पियर घंटा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऐम्पियर घंटा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amperstund" title="Amperstund – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Amperstund" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere-ora" title="Ampere-ora – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ampere-ora" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8-%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%94" title="אמפר-שעה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמפר-שעה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ампер-сағат – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ампер-сағат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampervaland%C4%97" title="Ampervalandė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ampervalandė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amper-ora" title="Amper-ora – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Amper-ora" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amper%C3%B3ra" title="Amperóra – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amperóra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Ампер-час – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ампер-час" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amp%C3%A8re-uur" title="Ampère-uur – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ampère-uur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A2%E6%99%82" title="アンペア時 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンペア時" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amperetime" title="Amperetime – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amperetime" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amperetime" title="Amperetime – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Amperetime" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amper-soat" title="Amper-soat – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Amper-soat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amperogodzina" title="Amperogodzina – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amperogodzina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amp%C3%A8re-hora" title="Ampère-hora – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ampère-hora" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amper_or%C4%83" title="Amper oră – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Amper oră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Ампер-час – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ампер-час" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amp%C3%A9rhodina" title="Ampérhodina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ampérhodina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampeeritunti" title="Ampeeritunti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ampeeritunti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amperetimme" title="Amperetimme – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amperetimme" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ампер-соат – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ампер-соат" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amper-saat" title="Amper-saat – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amper-saat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ампер-година – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ампер-година" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampe_gi%E1%BB%9D" title="Ampe giờ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ampe giờ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%9F%B9%E5%B0%8F%E6%99%82" title="安培小時 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="安培小時" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q212120#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ampere_hour&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Ampere hour">Ampere hour</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unit of electric charge</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-unit"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">ampere-hour</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Duracell_rechargeable_batteries.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Duracell_rechargeable_batteries.JPG/220px-Duracell_rechargeable_batteries.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Duracell_rechargeable_batteries.JPG/330px-Duracell_rechargeable_batteries.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Duracell_rechargeable_batteries.JPG/440px-Duracell_rechargeable_batteries.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Rechargeable batteries<br /><i>Top</i>: AA battery (2500 mA⋅h)<br /><i>Bottom:</i> AAA battery (1000 mA⋅h)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/System_of_units_of_measurement" title="System of units of measurement">Unit system</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Non-SI metric unit</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Electric_charge" title="Electric charge">Electric charge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">A⋅h, A h</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Conversions </th></tr><tr class="nowrap"><td>1 A⋅h <i>in ...</i></td><td><i>... is equal to ...</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/SI_units" class="mw-redirect" title="SI units">SI units</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span>3600 C</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p>An <b>ampere-hour</b> or <b>amp-hour</b> (symbol: <b>A⋅h</b> or <b>A h</b>; often simplified as <b>Ah</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Unit_of_measurement" title="Unit of measurement">unit</a> of <a href="/wiki/Electric_charge" title="Electric charge">electric charge</a>, having <a href="/wiki/Dimensional_analysis" title="Dimensional analysis">dimensions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Electric_current" title="Electric current">electric current</a> multiplied by time, equal to the charge transferred by a steady current of one <a href="/wiki/Ampere" title="Ampere">ampere</a> flowing for one hour, or 3,600 <a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">coulombs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IEV_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEV-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NIST-SI-Guide_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-SI-Guide-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The commonly seen <b>milliampere-hour</b> (symbol: <b>mA⋅h</b>, <b>mA h</b>, often simplified as <b>mAh</b>) is one-thousandth of an ampere-hour (3.6 coulombs). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ampere-hour&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ampere-hour is frequently used in measurements of <a href="/wiki/Electrochemistry" title="Electrochemistry">electrochemical</a> systems such as <a href="/wiki/Electroplating" title="Electroplating">electroplating</a> and for <a href="/wiki/Battery_capacity" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery capacity">battery capacity</a> where the commonly known <a href="/wiki/Real_versus_nominal_value" title="Real versus nominal value">nominal</a> <a href="/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage">voltage</a> is understood. </p><p>A <i>milliampere second</i> (mA⋅s) is a unit of measurement used in <a href="/wiki/X-ray_imaging" class="mw-redirect" title="X-ray imaging">X-ray imaging</a>, diagnostic imaging, and <a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">radiation therapy</a>. It is equivalent to a <i>millicoulomb</i>. This quantity is proportional to the total X-ray energy produced by a given X-ray tube operated at a particular voltage.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same total dose can be delivered in different time periods depending on the X-ray tube current. </p><p>To help express <a href="/wiki/Units_of_energy#Electricity" title="Units of energy">energy</a>, computation over charge values in ampere-hour requires precise data of voltage: in a battery system, for example, accurate calculation of the energy delivered requires integration of the power delivered (product of instantaneous voltage and instantaneous current) over the discharge interval.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally, the battery voltage varies during discharge; an average value or nominal value may be used to approximate the integration of power.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When comparing the energy capacities of battery-based products that might have different internal cell chemistries or cell configurations, a simple ampere-hour rating is often insufficient. For example, at 3.2 V for a <a href="/wiki/Lithium_iron_phosphate_battery" title="Lithium iron phosphate battery">lithium iron phosphate battery</a> cell (<span class="chemf nowrap">LiFePO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span>), the perceived energy capacity of a small UPS product that has multiple DC outputs at different voltages but is simply listed with a single ampere-hour rating, e.g., 8800 mAh, would be exaggerated by a factor of 3.75 compared to that of a sealed 12-volt lead-acid battery where the ampere-hour rating, e.g., 7 Ah, is based on the total output voltage rather than the internal cell voltage, so the 12-volt output of the example UPS product can actually deliver only about a third of the energy of the example battery, not a quarter more energy. But a direct replacement product for the example battery, in the same form factor and comparable output voltage and energy capacity but based on <span class="chemf nowrap">LiFePO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span>, might also be specified as 7 Ah, here based on output voltage rather than cell chemistry. For consumers without an engineering background, these difficulties would be avoided by a specification of the watt-hour rating instead (or additionally).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_other_units_of_electric_charge">In other units of electric charge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ampere-hour&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In other units of electric charge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One ampere-hour is equal to (up to 4 significant figures): </p> <ul><li>3,600 <a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">coulombs</a></li> <li>2.247 × 10<sup>22</sup> <a href="/wiki/Elementary_charge" title="Elementary charge">elementary charges</a></li> <li>0.03731 <a href="/wiki/Faraday_constant#Faraday_–_a_unit_of_charge" title="Faraday constant">faradays</a></li> <li>1.079 × 10<sup>13</sup> <a href="/wiki/Statcoulomb" title="Statcoulomb">statcoulombs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units#Electrostatic_units_(ESU)" title="Centimetre–gram–second system of units">CGS-ESU</a> equivalent)</small></li> <li>360 <a href="/wiki/Abcoulomb" title="Abcoulomb">abcoulombs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units#Electromagnetic_units_(EMU)" title="Centimetre–gram–second system of units">CGS-EMU</a> equivalent)</small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ampere-hour&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>An <a href="/wiki/List_of_battery_sizes" title="List of battery sizes">AA size</a> <a href="/wiki/Dry_cell" title="Dry cell">dry cell</a> has a capacity of about 2,000 to 3,000 milliampere-hours.</li> <li>An average smartphone battery usually has between 2,500 and 4,000 milliampere-hours of electric capacity.</li> <li>Automotive <a href="/wiki/Car_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Car battery">car batteries</a> vary in capacity but a large automobile propelled by an internal combustion engine would have about a 50-ampere-hour battery capacity.</li> <li>Since one ampere-hour can produce 0.336 grams of aluminium from molten aluminium chloride, producing a ton of aluminium required transfer of at least 2.98 million ampere-hours.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ampere-hour&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electrochemical_equivalent" title="Electrochemical equivalent">Electrochemical equivalent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilowatt-hour" title="Kilowatt-hour">Kilowatt-hour</a> (kW⋅h)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ampere-hour&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-02-10">"electric charge (Symbol Q). IEV 113-02-10"</a>. <i>electropedia.org</i>. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-20</span></span>. <q>Note 7 to entry: The coherent SI unit of electric charge is coulomb, C. The unit ampere-hour is used for electrolytic devices, such as storage batteries: <span class="nowrap">1 A·h = 3,6 kC.</span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=electropedia.org&rft.atitle=electric+charge+%28Symbol+Q%29.+IEV+113-02-10&rft.date=2020&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.electropedia.org%2Fiev%2Fiev.nsf%2Fdisplay%3Fopenform%26ievref%3D113-02-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmpere-hour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIST-SI-Guide-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-SI-Guide_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompsonTaylor2008" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Ambler; Taylor, Barry N. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication811e2008.pdf"><i>Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST Special Publication 811</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (2nd ed.). Gaithersburg: National Institute of Standards and Technology. p. 45. <q>To convert from <i>ampere hour</i> (A·h) ... to coulomb (C) ... Multiply by 3.6 E+03</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+for+the+Use+of+the+International+System+of+Units+%28SI%29.+NIST+Special+Publication+811&rft.place=Gaithersburg&rft.pages=45&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Standards+and+Technology&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Ambler&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Barry+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnvlpubs.nist.gov%2Fnistpubs%2FLegacy%2FSP%2Fnistspecialpublication811e2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmpere-hour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ehss.vt.edu/Programs/RSD/Xray/xray09.htm">X-ray Safety Handbook, 9.0 Terms and Definitions, VirginiaTech Environmental, Health and Safety Services</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070723051053/http://www.ehss.vt.edu/Programs/RSD/Xray/xray09.htm">Archived</a> July 23, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEfty_Abir2016" class="citation web cs1">Efty Abir, Najrul Islam (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trollingpowersolution.com/how-to-calculate-amp-hours/">"How to Calculate Amp Hours – Learn of Convert Watts to Amps"</a>. Leo Evans<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+Calculate+Amp+Hours+%E2%80%93+Learn+of+Convert+Watts+to+Amps&rft.pub=Leo+Evans&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Efty+Abir&rft.aufirst=Najrul+Islam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrollingpowersolution.com%2Fhow-to-calculate-amp-hours%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmpere-hour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Research_Council_(U.S.)2004" class="citation book cs1">National Research Council (U.S.) (2004). <i>Meeting the energy needs of future warriors</i>. National Academies Press. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-309-09261-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-309-09261-2"><bdi>0-309-09261-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meeting+the+energy+needs+of+future+warriors&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-309-09261-2&rft.au=National+Research+Council+%28U.S.%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmpere-hour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T. L. Brown, H. E. Lemay Jr, "Chemistry the Central Science", Prentice-Hall, 1977 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-128769-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-128769-9">0-13-128769-9</a> page 562</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ampere-hour&oldid=1244046985">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ampere-hour&oldid=1244046985</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Units_of_electrical_charge" title="Category:Units of electrical charge">Units of electrical charge</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Non-SI_metric_units" title="Category:Non-SI metric units">Non-SI metric units</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 September 2024, at 19:29<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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