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href="https://lab.witness.org/new-series-launch-perpetrator-video-mena/" title="New Series Launch! Perpetrator Video in the Middle East and North Africa"> <img width="700" height="340" src="https://lab.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2018/09/PerpCrop1.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://lab.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2018/09/PerpCrop1.png 700w, https://lab.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2018/09/PerpCrop1-300x146.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /> </a> </div> <div class="post_text"> <div class="post_description"> <span class="post_infos"> <p>Published <span class="month">September, 2018</span> by <a class="post_author" href="https://lab.witness.org/author/webadmin/">WITNESS</a> in <a href="https://lab.witness.org/category/uncategorized/" rel="category tag">Uncategorized</a> </p> </span> </div> <h2>New Series Launch! Perpetrator Video in the Middle East and North Africa</h2> <div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p style="text-align: center"><em><strong><span style="font-weight: 400"><i>This post is part of the <a href="https://lab.witness.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">WITNESS Media Lab’s</a> new project, “Perpetrator Video in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)”. This project examines how human rights advocates and journalists can turn the proliferation of eyewitness and perpetrator video into more ethical and effective storytelling and documentation of human rights abuse in the MENA. Follow along each month as we share resources, case studies, and more to strengthen and protect communities against harm through safer, more ethical and more effective use of video in contemporary reporting and advocacy in the MENA. </i></span></strong></em></p> <p>By Raja Althaibani</p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">In Spring 2013, a series of eyewitness videos, showing a previously unknown armed group in the Middle East, surfaced online. One of the videos shows several vehicles equipped with loudspeakers, driving down a public road in Raqqa, Syria announcing the arrival of the Islamic State (ISIS). Soon a flood of </span><span style="font-weight: 400">eyewitness videos were circulating documenting ISIS members carrying out public torture, executions, and mistreatment of women. </span><b style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif"></b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">Many of Raqqa’s citizens who documented ISIS’ crimes, and vocalized their criticism were immediately </span><a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-beheads-raqqa-is-being-slaughtered-silently-activist-and-friend-in-turkey-a6714911.html"><span style="font-weight: 400">targeted, tortured and killed</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400">. For example, </span><span style="font-weight: 400">Abdalaziz Alhamza of the grassroots human rights group Raqqa Is Being Silently Slaughtered (RBSS) told David Remnick at </span><a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/as-told-to/the-tragic-legacy-of-raqqa-is-being-slaughtered-silently"><span style="font-weight: 400">The New Yorker </span></a><span style="font-weight: 400">that ISIS “…closed Christian churches and Shia mosques. They committed countless human-rights violations, the first being a public execution that I witnessed with many others. The reaction of people in Raqqa at first was to demonstrate against ISIS. Because I took part in that, I came under investigation. I was interrogated by ISIS five times.”</span><b style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif"></b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">The proliferation of eyewitness video—like that published by RBSS and many other of Raqqa’s citizens—can provide rare access to conflict zones, detention centers, and other areas otherwise unreachable by the professionals who seek to uncover abuse, war crimes and other violations. But within this massive volume of information, there is also content filmed and distributed by the perpetrators of abuse themselves which is meant to spark fear, intimidate their enemies, glamorize violence, shame, radicalize and for amusement. </span><b style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif"></b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">This </span><a href="https://lab.witness.org/ethical-wednesdays-when-media-is-created-by-the-perpetrators-of-the-abuse/"><span style="font-weight: 400">new generation </span></a><span style="font-weight: 400">of eyewitness “perpetrator video,” as exemplified by </span><span style="font-weight: 400">ISIS’ own self-produced videos (part of their </span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/23/who-behind-isis-propaganda-operation-iraq"><span style="font-weight: 400">sophisticated propaganda machine</span><span style="font-weight: 400">),</span></a> <span style="font-weight: 400">is </span><span style="font-weight: 400">forcing us to contend with new dynamics of abuse and ask: </span><b>how do we use these videos to our advantage without becoming amplifiers for the abusers and put people in greater risk?</b><b style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif"></b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">A new project from the WITNESS Media Lab seeks to address that question. </span><b>Perpetrator Video in the Middle East and North Africa </b><span style="font-weight: 400">(MENA) is an in-depth look at the proliferation of eyewitness and perpetrator video in the region and explores how this content is transforming the ways human rights and accountability is reported, pursued, exercised and violated. This project is for human rights advocates and journalists interested in turning this content into more ethical and effective storytelling and documentation of human rights abuse in the MENA and beyond. </span><b style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif"></b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">Drawing on more than 26 years of partnering with citizens, advocates, journalists, lawyers in order to strengthen their strategic use of video for human rights advocacy, we have explored and developed guidance around verifying videos that originate on the social web as well as </span><a href="https://library.witness.org/product/video-as-evidence-ethical-guidelines/"><span style="font-weight: 400">Ethical Guidelines</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400"> for Using Eyewitness Videos in Human Rights Reporting and Advocacy. In our Perpetrator Video in the Middle East and North Africa project, we build on that work and we will produce resources and recommendations to help</span> <span style="font-weight: 400">human rights advocates, journalists, investigators and technologists address questions such as: </span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400"><span style="font-weight: 400">How can we find and verify perpetrator videos to expose injustice? And how do we minimize harm while exposing abuse?</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400"><span style="font-weight: 400">When possible, how do we exercise principles of ethical documentation such as informed consent, and how do we develop a clear set of guidance for using professional judgement when those indicators are not present?</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400"><span style="font-weight: 400">How can we make sense of footage that is shot by multiple sources, particularly video shot by perpetrators of abuse? </span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400"><span style="font-weight: 400">How can we determine which videos, among the many intended to cause harm, can be connected to meaningful opportunities for justice and accountability? </span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400"><span style="font-weight: 400">How do we ensure the stories and information we share are a fair and ethical representation of the truth and (inclusive) of the communities we’re covering? </span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400"><span style="font-weight: 400">How do we turn mass volumes of perpetrator content-including graphic footage-into new sources of data for reporting and advocacy without sharing the content itself?</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400"><span style="font-weight: 400">And how do we do we do so while ensuring the safety of the multi-stakeholders involved: individuals onscreen, their communities, viewers and if eyewitness footage, those behind the camera and at-risk sources? Particularly when it involves multi-stakeholders who are underrepresented.</span></li> </ul> <p><b style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif">Case Studies</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">In the coming weeks we will share resources and recommendations through a series of case studies of eyewitness and perpetrator footage from MENA on issues ranging from migrant abuse in the Gulf Cooperation Council states such as Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, war crimes being committed in Syria, and considerations for how to turn perpetrator video into new forms of data for reporting and advocacy. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">In the meantime, please have a look at our</span> <a href="https://library.witness.org/product/video-as-evidence-ethical-guidelines/"><span style="font-weight: 400">Ethical Guidelines</span></a> <span style="font-weight: 400">and</span> <span style="font-weight: 400">follow us on:</span></p> <p>Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/witness_lab"><span style="font-weight: 400">@witness_lab</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400"> and </span><a href="https://twitter.com/witness_MENA"><span style="font-weight: 400">@witness_MENA</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.facebook.com/Witness.ar/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Facebook</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.instagram.com/witnessmena/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Instagram</a></p> <p><a href="https://ar.witness.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Witness in Arabic</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">We also want to hear from you about what you would like to know and learn more about. Feel free to reach out to me at raja [@] witness [dot] org.</span></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 32px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_text_separator wpb_content_element full separator_align_center"><div style=''><span>Useful definitions</span></div></div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 32px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc-hoverbox-wrapper vc-hoverbox-shape--rounded vc-hoverbox-align--center vc-hoverbox-direction--default vc-hoverbox-width--100" ontouchstart=""> <div class="vc-hoverbox"> <div class="vc-hoverbox-inner"> <div class="vc-hoverbox-block vc-hoverbox-front" style="background-image: url(https://lab.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2016/04/TwoActivistsWS700x350-1.jpg);"> <div class="vc-hoverbox-block-inner vc-hoverbox-front-inner"> <h2 style="color: #ffffff;text-align: center" class="vc_custom_heading" id="definitionbox">EYEWITNESS VIDEO</h2> </div> </div> <div class="vc-hoverbox-block vc-hoverbox-back" style="background-color: #f7be68;"> <div class="vc-hoverbox-block-inner vc-hoverbox-back-inner"> <h2 style="text-align:center">EYEWITNESS VIDEO</h2> <p><em><b>Also referred to as user-generated content “UGC,” open source video, citizen video. </b></em></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">Videos taken by individuals at the scene of  an incident. These videos are often shot by average bystanders, activists, victims, survivors, and increasingly, by perpetrators of abuse themselves. </span><span style="font-weight: 400">As a human rights defender or journalist viewing this footage, it is important to question the filmer’s intentions, in order to gauge the authenticity of the footage and further contextualize the event.</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc-hoverbox-wrapper vc-hoverbox-shape--rounded vc-hoverbox-align--center vc-hoverbox-direction--default vc-hoverbox-width--100" ontouchstart=""> <div class="vc-hoverbox"> <div class="vc-hoverbox-inner"> <div class="vc-hoverbox-block vc-hoverbox-front" style="background-image: url(https://lab.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2018/08/TEST_warcrimes-1024x367.png);"> <div class="vc-hoverbox-block-inner vc-hoverbox-front-inner"> <h2 style="color: #ffffff;text-align: center" class="vc_custom_heading" id="definitionbox">PERPETRATOR VIDEO</h2> </div> </div> <div class="vc-hoverbox-block vc-hoverbox-back" style="background-color: #f7be68;"> <div class="vc-hoverbox-block-inner vc-hoverbox-back-inner"> <h2 style="text-align:center">PERPETRATOR VIDEO</h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">In some cases, an “eyewitness video” can also be a ”perpetrator video”. “Perpetrator video” is a term used to describe videos taken by an individual or eyewitness at the scene of an incident, </span><b>with the express </b><b><i>intent</i></b><b> to do harm</b><span style="font-weight: 400">. </span><span style="font-weight: 400">The filmer is complicit in the act of abuse when they intentionally film and/or share the video in order to: spark fear, promote hate, dehumanize an individual or community, glamori</span><span style="font-weight: 400">ze violence, recruit new members to an organization, entertain abusers, share tactics, or confuse/mislead the viewing public. Ultimately, the underlying distinction between a perpetrator video and other eyewitness video </span><b>is </b><b><i>intent</i></b><span style="font-weight: 400">.</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div></div> <div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-52631" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon" href="https://lab.witness.org/new-series-launch-perpetrator-video-mena/?share=twitter" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Twitter" ><span>Twitter</span></a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-52631" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" href="https://lab.witness.org/new-series-launch-perpetrator-video-mena/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to 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