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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logi sisse</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Veel valikuid" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Isiklikud lehed" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Isiklikud lehed</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Kasutajamenüü" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_et.wikipedia.org&uselang=et"><span>Annetused</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Konto_loomine&returnto=Katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub konto luua ja sisse logida."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Loo konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sisselogimine&returnto=Katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub sisse logida. 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decoding=\"async\" width=\"90\" height=\"21\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Logo_for_e-Science_Photo_Competition_v2_without_text.svg/135px-Logo_for_e-Science_Photo_Competition_v2_without_text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Logo_for_e-Science_Photo_Competition_v2_without_text.svg/180px-Logo_for_e-Science_Photo_Competition_v2_without_text.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"668\" data-file-height=\"154\" /\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003E Alanud on artiklivõistlus \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Vikipeedia:Teadus_Vikipeediasse_2024\" title=\"Vikipeedia:Teadus Vikipeediasse 2024\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ETeadus Vikipeediasse\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/a\u003E ning \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Vikipeedia:Teadusfoto_pildikorje_2024\" title=\"Vikipeedia:Teadusfoto pildikorje 2024\"\u003Eteadusfoto pildikorje\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E! \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Cspan title=\"Teadus 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terminivõistlus\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E!\u003C/small\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sait"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sisukord" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Katalüüsi_olemusest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Katalüüsi_olemusest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Katalüüsi olemusest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Katalüüsi_olemusest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Katalüüsiga_seotud_mõisteid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Katalüüsiga_seotud_mõisteid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Katalüüsiga seotud mõisteid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Katalüüsiga_seotud_mõisteid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rakendused" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rakendused"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rakendused</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rakendused-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaata_ka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Välislingid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Välislingid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Välislingid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Välislingid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Katalüüs</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 81 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalisator" title="Katalisator – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Katalisator" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="تحفيز – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تحفيز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1lisis" title="Catálisis – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Catálisis" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalisis" title="Katalisis – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Katalisis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemangkinan" title="Pemangkinan – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemangkinan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8" title="অনুঘটন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অনুঘটন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhiok-m%C3%BBi" title="Chhiok-mûi – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhiok-mûi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7" title="Каталіз – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каталіз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataliza" title="Kataliza – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kataliza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Катализа – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Катализа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A0lisi" title="Catàlisi – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Catàlisi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal%C3%BDza" title="Katalýza – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Katalýza" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mhesvi" title="Mhesvi – šona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mhesvi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysis" title="Catalysis – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Catalysis" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalyse" title="Katalyse – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Katalyse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Κατάλυση – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κατάλυση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysis" title="Catalysis – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Catalysis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1lisis" title="Catálisis – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Catálisis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalizo" title="Katalizo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Katalizo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalisi" title="Katalisi – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Katalisi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA" title="فروکافت – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فروکافت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalyse" title="Catalyse – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Catalyse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catal%C3%BA" title="Catalú – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Catalú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1lise" title="Catálise – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Catálise" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%89%EB%A7%A4_%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%91" title="촉매 반응 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="촉매 반응" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysis" title="Catalysis – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Catalysis" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6" title="Կատալիզ – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կատալիզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="उत्प्रेरण – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उत्प्रेरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataliza_(kemija)" title="Kataliza (kemija) – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kataliza (kemija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalizo" title="Katalizo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Katalizo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvati" title="Hvati – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hvati" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalisi" title="Catalisi – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Catalisi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%94" title="קטליזה – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קטליזה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86" title="ವೇಗವರ್ಧನೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವೇಗವರ್ಧನೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="კატალიზი – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კატალიზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Катализ – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Катализ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Катализ – kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Катализ" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kichochezi" title="Kichochezi – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kichochezi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataliz%C3%A8" title="Katalizè – haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Katalizè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataliz" title="Kataliz – Guajaana kreoolkeel" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kataliz" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guajaana kreoolkeel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hander" title="Hander – kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hander" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysis" title="Catalysis – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Catalysis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal%C4%ABze" title="Katalīze – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Katalīze" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataliz%C4%97" title="Katalizė – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Katalizė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Катализа – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Катализа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="ഉൽപ്രേരകം – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉൽപ്രേരകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Катализ – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Катализ" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalyse" title="Katalyse – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Katalyse" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%A6%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="触媒作用 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="触媒作用" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalyse" title="Katalyse – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Katalyse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalise" title="Katalise – noviaal" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Katalise" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="noviaal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalisi" title="Catalisi – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Catalisi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataliz" title="Kataliz – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kataliz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95" title="ਉਤਪ੍ਰੇਰਕ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉਤਪ੍ਰੇਰਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="عمل انگیز – lahnda" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عمل انگیز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="lahnda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiatalisis" title="Kiatalisis – Jamaica kreoolkeel" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kiatalisis" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaica kreoolkeel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataliza" title="Kataliza – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kataliza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1lise" title="Catálise – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Catálise" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataliz%C4%83" title="Cataliză – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cataliză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalisachaq" title="Katalisachaq – ketšua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Katalisachaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ketšua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Катализ – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Катализ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysis" title="Catalysis – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Catalysis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal%C3%BDza" title="Katalýza – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Katalýza" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataliza" title="Kataliza – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kataliza" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ھاندان – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھاندان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Катализа – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Катализа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataliza" title="Kataliza – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kataliza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalis" title="Katalis – sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Katalis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalys" title="Katalys – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Katalys" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalisis" title="Katalisis – tagalogi" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Katalisis" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வினைவேக மாற்றம் – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வினைவேக மாற்றம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="ఉత్ప్రేరకాలు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉత్ప్రేరకాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="การเร่งปฏิกิริยา – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเร่งปฏิกิริยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%BAc_t%C3%A1c" title="Xúc tác – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Xúc tác" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataliz" title="Kataliz – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kataliz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7" title="Каталіз – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каталіз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="عمل انگیزی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عمل انگیزی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalisis" title="Katalisis – varai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Katalisis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96" title="催化 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="催化" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96" title="催化 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="催化" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96" title="催化 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="催化" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82264#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs" title="Vaata sisulehekülge [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:CatalysisScheme-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CatalysisScheme-en.svg/292px-CatalysisScheme-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="292" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CatalysisScheme-en.svg/438px-CatalysisScheme-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CatalysisScheme-en.svg/584px-CatalysisScheme-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="418" /></a><figcaption>Tüüpiline neljas staadiumis kulgeva katalüütilise reaktsiooni (punane joon) energia diagramm võrreldes mittekatalüütilise reaktsiooniga (must joon). Siin E<sub>a</sub> on <a href="/wiki/Aktivatsioonienergia" title="Aktivatsioonienergia">aktivatsioonienergia</a> ja ΔG on <a href="/wiki/Gibbsi_vabaenergia" title="Gibbsi vabaenergia">Gibbsi vabaenergia</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Katalüüs</b> on <a href="/wiki/Keemiline_reaktsioon" title="Keemiline reaktsioon">keemilise reaktsiooni</a> kiirenemine tänu reaktsioonis osalevale spetsiifilisele lisandile, mida nimetatakse <a href="/wiki/Katal%C3%BCsaator" title="Katalüsaator">katalüsaatoriks</a>. Erinevalt <a href="/wiki/Reagent" title="Reagent">reagentidest</a> katalüsaator reaktsioonitsükli jooksul taastub (regenereerub). </p><p>Katalüsaatori osalusel toimuvat reaktsiooni nimetatakse <b>katalüütiliseks reaktsiooniks</b>. Tavaliselt katalüsaator osaleb reaktsiooni kõige <a href="/wiki/Reaktsiooni_staadium" title="Reaktsiooni staadium">aeglasemas staadiumis</a> ja mõjutab seetõttu keemilise protsessi kiirust, seda suurendades. Seejuures katalüsaatori mõju sõltub katalüsaatori <a href="/wiki/Keemiline_aktiivsus" title="Keemiline aktiivsus">aktiivsusest</a> ja kogusest; harilikult piisab juba väga väikesest kogusest. Tahke katalüsaatori korral võivad reaktsiooni kiirust määravateks osutuda reagentide ja produktide <a href="/wiki/Difusioon" title="Difusioon">difusiooniprotsessid</a>. Katalüsaator kiirendab reaktsiooni, madaldades aktivatsioonienergiat, <a href="/wiki/Inhibiitor" title="Inhibiitor">inhibiitor</a> aga aeglustab või takistab keemilist reaktsiooni. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Katalüüsi_olemusest"><span id="Katal.C3.BC.C3.BCsi_olemusest"></span>Katalüüsi olemusest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Katalüüsi olemusest"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Katalüüsi olemusest" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Cu_Catalyst.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Cu_Catalyst.jpg/220px-Cu_Catalyst.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Cu_Catalyst.jpg/330px-Cu_Catalyst.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Cu_Catalyst.jpg/440px-Cu_Catalyst.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2207" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vask" title="Vask">Vasest</a> katalüsaator skaneerivas elektronmikroskoobis</figcaption></figure> <p>Katalüütilise reaktsiooni olemuse määrab katalüsaatori osavõtt mingist <a href="/wiki/Reaktsiooni_staadium" title="Reaktsiooni staadium">reaktsiooni staadiumi</a>(te)st ja selle regenereerumine. Näide tüüpilisest katalüütilisest reaktsioonist, milles <a href="/wiki/Reagent" title="Reagent">reagentide</a> (X ja Y) liitumisel moodustub produkt (Z) katalüsaatori (Kat) juuresolekul. </p> <dl><dd>1. X + Kat → XKat</dd> <dd>2. Y + XKat → XYKat</dd> <dd>3. XYKat → ZKat</dd> <dd>4. ZKat → Z + Kat</dd></dl> <p>Kõrvaloleval joonisel on skemaatiline <a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a> muutus reaktsiooni käigus piki <a href="/wiki/Reaktsioonikoordinaat" title="Reaktsioonikoordinaat">reaktsioonikoordinaati</a>. Summaarne reaktsiooni tulemus – produkt ja soojusefekt on sama, mis katalüsaatori puudumisel, kuid katalüsaatori osalusel staadiumide ja <a href="/wiki/Intermediaat" title="Intermediaat">intermediaatide</a> arv suureneb, kusjuures <a href="/wiki/Aktivatsioonienergia" title="Aktivatsioonienergia">aktivatsioonienergia</a> on madalam ning seetõttu <a href="/wiki/Keemiline_kineetika" title="Keemiline kineetika">produkti moodustumise kiirus</a> suurem. </p> <dl><dd>X + Y → Z</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Katalüüsiga_seotud_mõisteid"><span id="Katal.C3.BC.C3.BCsiga_seotud_m.C3.B5isteid"></span>Katalüüsiga seotud mõisteid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Katalüüsiga seotud mõisteid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Katalüüsiga seotud mõisteid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katal%C3%BCsaator" title="Katalüsaator">Katalüsaator</a> on aine, mis tõstab reaktsiooni kiirust<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. See reaktsiooni kiiruse tõstmine toimub reaktsiooni energiabarjääri madaldamise kaudu katalüsaatori poolt. <a href="/wiki/Ens%C3%BC%C3%BCm" title="Ensüüm">Ensüümid</a> on bioloogilised katalüsaatorid, mis võimaldavad sama temperatuuri juures reaktsiooni barjääri ületada rohkem reagentide molekule.</li> <li>Katalüsaatorid, mis suurendavad reaktsiooni kiirust, nimetatakse mõnikord ka <i>positiivseteks katalüsaatoriteks</i>. Sel juhul katalüütilise reaktsiooni <a href="/wiki/Kiirust_limiteeriv_staadium" title="Kiirust limiteeriv staadium">kiirust limiteeriva staadiumi</a> aktiveerimisenergia on madalam võrreldes mittekatalüütilise reaktsiooniga.</li> <li>Ained, mis suurendavad katalüsaatori aktiivsust, nimetatakse <a href="/wiki/Promootor_(keemia)" title="Promootor (keemia)">promootoriteks</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inhibiitor" title="Inhibiitor">Inhibiitor</a> on aine, mis vähendab reaktsiooni kiirust või takistab ensüümi katalüüsi toimumist. Mõnikord kasutatakse nende kohta ka terminit <i>negatiivne katalüsaator</i>, kuigi see on pigem vananenud termin.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katal%C3%BCsaatorim%C3%BCrkideks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katalüsaatorimürkideks (pole veel kirjutatud)">Katalüsaatorimürkideks</a> nimetatakse aineid, mis deaktiveerivad katalüsaatori pöördumatult. Ehkki katalüsaatorid reaktsiooni tsüklis regenereeruvad, võib nende efektiivsus protsessi käigus väheneda mitmete sekundaarsete toimete tõttu (deaktiveerumine, lagunemine, süsteemist väljumine jm).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterogeenne_katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs" title="Heterogeenne katalüüs">Heterogeense katalüüsi</a> korral on katalüsaator erinevas faasis võrreldes reagentidega. Siin faas tähendab <a href="/wiki/Agregaatolek" title="Agregaatolek">agregaatolekut</a>, aga ka mittesegunevaid vedelikke nagu õli ja vesi. Gaasiliste või lahuses olevate reagentidega kasutatakse tihti tahkeid katalüsaatoreid. Tahke katalüsaatori aktiivsus on määratud pinna-aatomite poolt.</li> <li><i>Katalüsaatori kandja</i> on tahke suure <a href="/wiki/Eripind" title="Eripind">eripinnaga</a> materjal, millele on fikseeritud katalüsaator. Enimkasutatavad on <a href="/wiki/Aktiivs%C3%BCsi" title="Aktiivsüsi">aktiivsüsi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alumiiniumoksiid" title="Alumiiniumoksiid">alumiiniumoksiid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silikageel" title="Silikageel">silikageel</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homogeenne_katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homogeenne katalüüs (pole veel kirjutatud)">Homogeense katalüüsi</a> korral on katalüsaator reagentidega samas faasis, tavaliselt lahustatuna samas <a href="/wiki/Solvent" class="mw-redirect" title="Solvent">solvendis</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hape-aluskatal%C3%BC%C3%BCs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hape-aluskatalüüs (pole veel kirjutatud)">Hape-aluskatalüüsi</a> (happelis-aluselise katalüüsi) korral on tegemist hapekatalüüsiga (katalüsaatoriks on <a href="/wiki/Hape" title="Hape">hape</a>, tihti <a href="/wiki/Prooton" title="Prooton">H<sup>+</sup></a>) või aluskatalüüsiga (katalüsaatoriks on <a href="/wiki/Alus_(keemia)" title="Alus (keemia)">alus</a>, tihti <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCdroksiidioon" title="Hüdroksiidioon">OH<sup>-</sup>)</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Redutseeriv-oks%C3%BCdeeriv_katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Redutseeriv-oksüdeeriv katalüüs (pole veel kirjutatud)">Redutseeriv-oksüdeeriva katalüüsi</a> korral on katalüsaatoriteks <a href="/wiki/Metallid" title="Metallid">metallid</a>, nende <a href="/wiki/Oksiidid" title="Oksiidid">oksiidid</a> või <a href="/wiki/Sulfiidid" title="Sulfiidid">sulfiidid</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organokatal%C3%BC%C3%BCs" title="Organokatalüüs">Organokatalüüsi</a> korral kasutatakse reaktsiooni kiiruse suurendamiseks teatud orgaanilisi ühendeid, mis sisaldavad <a href="/wiki/Heteroaatom" title="Heteroaatom">heteroaatomeid</a>, kuid ei sisalda metallide aatomeid. Seejuures tihti tuleb kasutada suhteliselt suurt katalüsaatori kogust.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autokatal%C3%BC%C3%BCs" title="Autokatalüüs">Autokatalüüs</a> on keemilise reaktsiooni kiirenemine ühe reaktsiooniprodukti kui katalüsaatori toimel.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biokatal%C3%BC%C3%BCs" title="Biokatalüüs">Biokatalüüs</a> ehk ensüümkatalüüs on rakkudes toimuv spetsiaalsete <a href="/wiki/Proteiinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteiinid">proteiinide</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ens%C3%BC%C3%BCm" title="Ensüüm">ensüümide</a> (fermentide) osalemine keemilises reaktsioonis, mis põhjustab katalüüsi. Ensüümid toimivad vaid mõõdukatel temperatuuridel. Ensüümid osalevad ka <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4%C3%A4rimine" title="Käärimine">kääritamisprotsessides</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immobiliseeritud_ens%C3%BC%C3%BCm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immobiliseeritud ensüüm (pole veel kirjutatud)">Immobiliseeritud ensüüm</a> on inertse lahustumatu materjaliga seotud ensüüm.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktiivtsenter" title="Aktiivtsenter">Aktiivtsenter</a> (<i>active site</i>) on heterogeense või ensüümkatalüsaatori molekuli piirkond, kus toimub <a href="/wiki/Substraat_(keemia)" title="Substraat (keemia)">substraadi</a> sidumine ja katalüüs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radikaalinitsiaator" title="Radikaalinitsiaator">Initsiaator</a> erineb põhimõtteliselt katalüsaatorist. Initsiaatorid algatavad <a href="/wiki/Radikaalreaktsioon" title="Radikaalreaktsioon">radikaalreaktsioone</a>, kusjuures initsiaator kasutatakse reaktsiooni käigus ära.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rakendused">Rakendused</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Rakendused"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Rakendused" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kuna katalüüs võimaldab kiirendada keemilisi reaktsioone ilma täiendava energiakuluta, siis rakendatakse seda laialdaselt <a href="/wiki/Keemiat%C3%B6%C3%B6stus" title="Keemiatööstus">keemiatööstuses</a>: <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4%C3%A4velhape" title="Väävelhape">väävelhappe</a> tootmine, <a href="/wiki/Ammoniaak" title="Ammoniaak">ammoniaagi</a> süntees, <a href="/wiki/Rasv" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasv">rasvade</a> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCdrogeenimine" title="Hüdrogeenimine">hüdrogeenimine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta">nafta</a> <a href="/wiki/Krakkimine" title="Krakkimine">krakkimine</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCtus" title="Kütus">kütuste</a> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCdrogeenimine" title="Hüdrogeenimine">hüdrogeenimine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keemiline_s%C3%BCntees" title="Keemiline süntees">keemiline süntees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%BCmerisatsioon" title="Polümerisatsioon">polümerisatsioon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alk%C3%BC%C3%BClimine" title="Alküülimine">alküülimine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isomerisatsioon" title="Isomerisatsioon">isomeriseerimine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oks%C3%BCdeerimine" class="mw-redirect" title="Oksüdeerimine">oksüdeerimine</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCdratatsioon" title="Hüdratatsioon">hüdraatimine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halogeenimine" title="Halogeenimine">halogeenimine</a> jm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katal%C3%BCsaator" title="Katalüsaator">Katalüsaator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katal%C3%BC%C3%BCtiline_ts%C3%BCkkel" title="Katalüütiline tsükkel">Katalüütiline tsükkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%BCmerisatsioon" title="Polümerisatsioon">Polümerisatsioon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katal" title="Katal">Katal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faasi%C3%BClekande_katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs" title="Faasiülekande katalüüs">Faasiülekande katalüüs</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Keemia alused : teekond teadmiste juurde / Peter Atkins, Loretta Jones. Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus, 2013. <a href="/wiki/Eri:Raamatuotsimine/9789949321421" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9789949321421</a> (lk 511)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Välislingid"><span id="V.C3.A4lislingid"></span>Välislingid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6724296">.mw-parser-output table.side-box{margin:4px 0;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output th.side-box-text,.mw-parser-output td.side-box-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.side-box a>img{max-width:none!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-left{margin-right:1em;border-collapse:collapse}}</style><table role="presentation" class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <tbody><tr> <td class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td> <td class="side-box-text">Pildid, videod ja helifailid Commonsis: <b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Catalysis?uselang=et">Katalüüs</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teadus.err.ee/salv?id=2914&saade=211">Teaduse helisõnastik: Katalüüs</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Uno_M%C3%A4eorg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uno Mäeorg (pole veel kirjutatud)">Uno Mäeorg</a>) – ERR Teadus, 21. oktoober 2010</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OLHgPzuBeqg&ab_channel=ToomasTamm">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Toomas_Tamm" title="Toomas Tamm">Toomas Tamme</a> õppevideo "Keemiline kineetika" (katalüüsist alates 1:07:17)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IW4zgOHhefc">[2]</a> Katalüüsi teemast 2021. aasta keemia Nobeli auhinna kontekstis. Ingliskeelne video</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katalüüs&oldid=6517811">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katalüüs&oldid=6517811</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooriad</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Keemilised_reaktsioonid" title="Kategooria:Keemilised reaktsioonid">Keemilised reaktsioonid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Keemiline_kineetika" title="Kategooria:Keemiline kineetika">Keemiline kineetika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs" title="Kategooria:Katalüüs">Katalüüs</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Peidetud kategooria: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:ISBN-v%C3%B5lulingiga_lehek%C3%BCljed" title="Kategooria:ISBN-võlulingiga leheküljed">ISBN-võlulingiga leheküljed</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 14:33, 7. november 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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