CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: finite-difference beam propagation method</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: finite-difference beam propagation method"> <meta name="keywords" content="finite-difference beam propagation method"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="finite-difference beam propagation method" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="finite-difference beam propagation method"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 20058</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: finite-difference beam propagation method</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19878</span> Investigate and Solving Analytic of Nonlinear Differential at Vibrations (Earthquake)and Beam-Column, by New Approach “AGM”</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadreza%20Akbari">Mohammadreza Akbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pooya%20Soleimani%20Besheli"> Pooya Soleimani Besheli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Khalili"> Reza Khalili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Akbari"> Sara Akbari </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we investigate building structures nonlinear behavior also solving analytic of nonlinear differential at vibrations. As we know most of engineering systems behavior in practical are non- linear process (especial at structural) and analytical solving (no numerical) these problems are complex, difficult and sometimes impossible (of course at form of analytical solving). In this symposium, we are going to exposure one method in engineering, that can solve sets of nonlinear differential equations with high accuracy and simple solution and so this issue will emerge after comparing the achieved solutions by Numerical Method (Runge-Kutte 4th) and exact solutions. Finally, we can proof AGM method could be created huge evolution for researcher and student (engineering and basic science) in whole over the world, because of AGM coding system, so by using this software, we can analytical solve all complicated linear and nonlinear differential equations, with help of that there is no difficulty for solving nonlinear differential equations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20method%20AGM" title="new method AGM">new method AGM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrations" title=" vibrations"> vibrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam-column" title=" beam-column"> beam-column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angular%20frequency" title=" angular frequency"> angular frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20dissipated" title=" energy dissipated"> energy dissipated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20load" title=" critical load"> critical load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33102/investigate-and-solving-analytic-of-nonlinear-differential-at-vibrations-earthquakeand-beam-column-by-new-approach-agm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33102.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19877</span> Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joint by Reversible Mixed Technologies of FRP</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser-Eddine%20Attari">Nasser-Eddine Attari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After the earthquake many structures were classified as slightly damaged and, being uneconomic to replace them, at least in the short term, suitable means of repairs of the beam column joint area are being studied. Furthermore there exist a large number of buildings that need retrofitting of the joints before the next earthquake. The paper reports the results of the experimental programme, constituted of three beam-column reinforced concrete joints at a scale of one to three (1/3) tested under the effect of a pre-stressed axial load acting over the column. The beams were subjected at their ends to an alternate cyclic loading under displacement control to simulate a seismic action. Strain and cracking fields were monitored with the help a digital recording camera. Following the analysis of the results, a comparison can be made between the performances in terms of ductility, strength and mode of failure of the different strengthening solution considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibrereinforced%20polymers" title="fibrereinforced polymers">fibrereinforced polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joints" title=" joints"> joints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam%20columns" title=" beam columns"> beam columns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18503/strengthening-of-reinforced-concrete-beam-column-joint-by-reversible-mixed-technologies-of-frp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19876</span> Conservation Studies on Endangered and Potential Native Ornamentals and Their Domestication for Novelty in Floriculture Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Puja%20Sharma">Puja Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20R.%20Dhiman"> S. R. Dhiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhararti%20Kashyap"> Bhararti Kashyap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20C.%20Gupta"> Y. C. Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shabnam%20Pangtu"> Shabnam Pangtu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The experiments were carried out for mass multiplication and domestication of an endangered native tree spp, an orchid and an ornamental shrub having high medicinal value. Floriculture industry is novelty driven, hence the potential of these native ornamentals was assessed for their utilization as a novelty in the industry. For the mass propagation of endangered tree Oroxylum indicum, seed propagation and vegetative propagation techniques were successfully utilized. Highest seed germination was recorded in a medium containing cocopeat and perlite (1:1 v/v). Semi hard wood cuttings treated with IBA 2000 ppm planted in cocopeat+ sand+ perlite medium and maintained at 80% RH has resulted in about 90% rooting. The low growing tree was successfully domestication and has potential to be utilized in landscape industry. In the present study, cutting propagation and division of clump were used as methods for multiplication of Aerides multiflora, a native orchid spp. Soft wood cuttings treated with IBA 500 ppm planted in cocopeat medium was found to be the most suitable vegetative method resulting in 90 % rooting. It was domesticated as pot plant and for making hanging baskets. Propagation through seeds and cuttings was carried out for Pyracantha crenulata, a native ornamental shrub which is a cardiovascular medicine. For vegetative propagation, treatment of basal end of semi- hardwood cuttings of Pyracantha with IBA 3000 ppm (quick dip) and planting in cocopeat under mist chamber maintained at a relative humidity of 70-80% resulted in about 90% rooting out of all applied treatments in the study. For seed propagation, treatment of seeds in boiling water for 20 minutes and planting in cocopeat resulted in 82.55 % germination. The shrub was domesticated for its use as pot plant, protective hedge and for making bonsai. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=native" title="native">native</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endangered" title=" endangered"> endangered</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiplication" title=" multiplication"> multiplication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestication" title=" domestication"> domestication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oroxylum" title=" oroxylum"> oroxylum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerides" title=" aerides"> aerides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyracantha" title=" pyracantha"> pyracantha</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166545/conservation-studies-on-endangered-and-potential-native-ornamentals-and-their-domestication-for-novelty-in-floriculture-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19875</span> Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Steel Plates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghusen%20al-Kafri">Ghusen al-Kafri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Ali%20Abdallah%20Elsageer"> Mohammed Ali Abdallah Elsageer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Mohamed%20Hadya%20Alsdaai"> Ahmed Mohamed Hadya Alsdaai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdeimanam%20Salhien%20Salih%20Khalifa"> Abdeimanam Salhien Salih Khalifa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, external reinforcement to enhance a reinforced concrete structure performance has been done using externally bonded steel plate. This technique has been reported effective in enhancing the strength of reinforced concrete beam, a study to determine the effectiveness of steel plate as an external reinforcement was carried out. A total of two groups of beams and one group content five beams, each 750 mm long, 150 mm wide, and 150 mm deep were cast, strengthened and tested till failure under two point loads. One beam was act as a control beam without strengthening and other four beams were strengthened with steel plate at a different arrangement. Other group beams were strengthened with steel plate in shear zone and also strengthened at bottom as first group. The behaviours of the strengthened beams were studied through their load-deflection characteristic upon bending, cracking and mode of failure. The results confirmed that all steel plate arrangements enhanced the strength of the reinforced concrete beam, the positioning of the steel plate affect the moment carrying capacity of the beam. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beams" title="beams">beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title=" bending"> bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beflection" title=" beflection"> beflection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20plates" title=" steel plates"> steel plates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27830/strengthening-of-reinforced-concrete-beams-using-steel-plates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19874</span> 3D Images Representation to Provide Information on the Type of Castella Beams Hole</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cut%20Maisyarah%20Karyati">Cut Maisyarah Karyati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aries%20Muslim"> Aries Muslim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sulardi"> Sulardi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital image processing techniques to obtain detailed information from an image have been used in various fields, including in civil engineering, where the use of solid beam profiles in buildings and bridges has often been encountered since the early development of beams. Along with this development, the founded castellated beam profiles began to be more diverse in shape, such as the shape of a hexagon, triangle, pentagon, circle, ellipse and oval that could be a practical solution in optimizing a construction because of its characteristics. The purpose of this research is to create a computer application to edge detect the profile of various shapes of the castella beams hole. The digital image segmentation method has been used to obtain the grayscale images and represented in 2D and 3D formats. This application has been successfully made according to the desired function, which is to provide information on the type of castella beam hole. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20image" title="digital image">digital image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20detection" title=" edge detection"> edge detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grayscale" title=" grayscale"> grayscale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=castella%20beams" title=" castella beams"> castella beams</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143838/3d-images-representation-to-provide-information-on-the-type-of-castella-beams-hole" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19873</span> The Estimation Method of Stress Distribution for Beam Structures Using the Terrestrial Laser Scanning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Wook%20Park">Sang Wook Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Su%20Park"> Jun Su Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byung%20Kwan%20Oh"> Byung Kwan Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yousok%20Kim"> Yousok Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyo%20Seon%20Park"> Hyo Seon Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study suggests the estimation method of stress distribution for the beam structures based on TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning). The main components of method are the creation of the lattices of raw data from TLS to satisfy the suitable condition and application of CSSI (Cubic Smoothing Spline Interpolation) for estimating stress distribution. Estimation of stress distribution for the structural member or the whole structure is one of the important factors for safety evaluation of the structure. Existing sensors which include ESG (Electric strain gauge) and LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) can be categorized as contact type sensor which should be installed on the structural members and also there are various limitations such as the need of separate space where the network cables are installed and the difficulty of access for sensor installation in real buildings. To overcome these problems inherent in the contact type sensors, TLS system of LiDAR (light detection and ranging), which can measure the displacement of a target in a long range without the influence of surrounding environment and also get the whole shape of the structure, has been applied to the field of structural health monitoring. The important characteristic of TLS measuring is a formation of point clouds which has many points including the local coordinate. Point clouds is not linear distribution but dispersed shape. Thus, to analyze point clouds, the interpolation is needed vitally. Through formation of averaged lattices and CSSI for the raw data, the method which can estimate the displacement of simple beam was developed. Also, the developed method can be extended to calculate the strain and finally applicable to estimate a stress distribution of a structural member. To verify the validity of the method, the loading test on a simple beam was conducted and TLS measured it. Through a comparison of the estimated stress and reference stress, the validity of the method is confirmed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20healthcare%20monitoring" title="structural healthcare monitoring">structural healthcare monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrestrial%20laser%20scanning" title=" terrestrial laser scanning"> terrestrial laser scanning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimation%20of%20stress%20distribution" title=" estimation of stress distribution"> estimation of stress distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coordinate%20transformation" title=" coordinate transformation"> coordinate transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cubic%20smoothing%20spline%20interpolation" title=" cubic smoothing spline interpolation"> cubic smoothing spline interpolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25460/the-estimation-method-of-stress-distribution-for-beam-structures-using-the-terrestrial-laser-scanning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19872</span> Refinement of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Poly (Lactic Acid)/Poly (Ethylene-Co-Glycidyle Methacrylate)/ Hexagonal Boron Nitride Blend-Composites through Electron-Beam Irradiation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Kumar">Ashish Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Venkatappa%20Rao"> T. Venkatappa Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subhendu%20Ray%20Chowdhury"> Subhendu Ray Chowdhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20V.%20S.%20Ramana%20Reddy"> S. V. S. Ramana Reddy </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this work is to determine the influence of electron beam irradiation on thermal and mechanical properties of Poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/Poly (ethylene-co-glycidyle methacrylate) (PEGM)/Hexagonal boron nitride (HBN) blend-composites. To reduce the brittleness and improve the toughness of PLA, the PLA/PEGM blend is prepared by using twin-screw Micro compounder. However, the heat deflection temperature (HDT) and other tensile properties were reduced. The HBN has been incorporated into the PLA/PEGM blend as part per hundred i.e. 5 phr and 10phr to improve the HDT. The prepared specimens of blend and blend-composites were irradiated to high energy (4.5 MeV) electron beam (E-beam) at different radiation doses to introduce the cross linking among the polymer chains and uniform dispersion of HBN particles in the PLA/PEGM/HBN blend-composites. The further improvement in the notched impact strength and HDT have been achieved in the case of PLA/PEGM/HBN blend-composites. The irradiated PLA/PEGM/HBN 5phr blend composite shows high notched impact strength and HDT as compared to other unirradiated and E-beam irradiated blend and blend-composites. The improvements in the yield strength and tensile modulus have also been noticed in the case of E-beam irradiated PLA/PEGM/HBN blend-composites as compared to unirradiated blend-composites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blend-composite" title="blend-composite">blend-composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-beam" title=" e-beam"> e-beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HDT" title=" HDT"> HDT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEGM" title=" PEGM"> PEGM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLA" title=" PLA"> PLA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76609/refinement-of-thermal-and-mechanical-properties-of-poly-lactic-acidpoly-ethylene-co-glycidyle-methacrylate-hexagonal-boron-nitride-blend-composites-through-electron-beam-irradiation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19871</span> Design of a Permanent Magnet Based Focusing Lens for a Miniature Klystron</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumud%20Singh">Kumud Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janvin%20Itteera"> Janvin Itteera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priti%20Ukarde"> Priti Ukarde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Malhotra"> Sanjay Malhotra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20PMarathe"> P. PMarathe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayan%20Bandyopadhay"> Ayan Bandyopadhay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20Meena"> Rakesh Meena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikram%20Rawat"> Vikram Rawat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20M.%20Joshi"> L. M. Joshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Application of Permanent magnet technology to high frequency miniature klystron tubes to be utilized for space applications improves the efficiency and operational reliability of these tubes. But nevertheless the task of generating magnetic focusing forces to eliminate beam divergence once the beam crosses the electrostatic focusing regime and enters the drift region in the RF section of the tube throws several challenges. Building a high quality magnet focusing lens to meet beam optics requirement in cathode gun and RF interaction region is considered to be one of the critical issues for these high frequency miniature tubes. In this paper, electromagnetic design and particle trajectory studies in combined electric and magnetic field for optimizing the magnetic circuit using 3D finite element method (FEM) analysis software is presented. A rectangular configuration of the magnet was constructed to accommodate apertures for input and output waveguide sections and facilitate coupling of electromagnetic fields into the input klystron cavity and out from output klystron cavity through coupling loops. Prototype lenses have been built and have been tested after integration with the klystron tube. We discuss the design requirements and challenges, and the results from beam transmission of the prototype lens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam%20transmission" title="beam transmission">beam transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brillouin" title=" Brillouin"> Brillouin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confined%20flow" title=" confined flow"> confined flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miniature%20klystron" title=" miniature klystron "> miniature klystron </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35550/design-of-a-permanent-magnet-based-focusing-lens-for-a-miniature-klystron" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19870</span> Chemical and Physical Properties and Biocompatibility of Ti–6Al–4V Produced by Electron Beam Rapid Manufacturing and Selective Laser Melting for Biomedical Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bing%E2%80%93Jing%20Zhao">Bing–Jing Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang-Kui%20Liu"> Chang-Kui Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Wang"> Hong Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Hu"> Min Hu </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electron beam rapid manufacturing (EBRM) or Selective laser melting is an additive manufacturing process that uses 3D CAD data as a digital information source and energy in the form of a high-power laser beam or electron beam to create three-dimensional metal parts by fusing fine metallic powders together.Object:The present study was conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties ,the phase transformation,the corrosivity and the biocompatibility of Ti-6Al-4V by EBRM,SLM and forging technique.Method: Ti-6Al-4V alloy standard test pieces were manufactured by EBRM, SLM and forging technique according to AMS4999,GB/T228 and ISO 10993.The mechanical properties were analyzed by universal test machine. The phase transformation was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The corrosivity was analyzed by electrochemical method. The biocompatibility was analyzed by co-culturing with mesenchymal stem cell and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and alkaline phosphatase assay (ALP) to evaluate cell adhesion and differentiation, respectively. Results: The mechanical properties, the phase transformation, the corrosivity and the biocompatibility of Ti-6Al-4V by EBRM、SLM were similar to forging and meet the mechanical property requirements of AMS4999 standard. aphase microstructure for the EBM production contrast to the a’phase microstructure of the SLM product. Mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and differentiation were well. Conclusion: The property of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy manufactured by EBRM and SLM technique can meet the medical standard from this study. But some further study should be proceeded in order to applying well in clinical practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Electron%20Beam%20Rapid%20Manufacturing%20%28EBRM%29" title=" Electron Beam Rapid Manufacturing (EBRM)"> Electron Beam Rapid Manufacturing (EBRM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selective%20Laser%20Melting%20%28SLM%29" title=" Selective Laser Melting (SLM)"> Selective Laser Melting (SLM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Computer%20Aided%20Design%20%28CAD%29" title=" Computer Aided Design (CAD)"> Computer Aided Design (CAD)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24432/chemical-and-physical-properties-and-biocompatibility-of-ti-6al-4v-produced-by-electron-beam-rapid-manufacturing-and-selective-laser-melting-for-biomedical-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19869</span> Electron Beam Effects on Kinetic Alfven Waves in the Cold Homogenous Plasma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaya%20Shrivastava">Jaya Shrivastava </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The particle aspect approach is adopted to investigate the trajectories of charged particles in the electromagnetic field of kinetic Alfven wave. Expressions are found for the dispersion relation, growth/damping rate and associated currents in the presence of electron beam in homogenous plasma. Kinetic effects of electrons and ions are included to study kinetic Alfven wave because both are important in the transition region. The plasma parameters appropriate to plasma sheet boundary layer are used. It is found that downward electron beam affects the dispersion relation, growth/damping-rate and associated currents in cold electron limit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetospheric%20physics" title="magnetospheric physics">magnetospheric physics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20waves%20and%20instabilities" title=" plasma waves and instabilities"> plasma waves and instabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20beam" title=" electron beam"> electron beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20plasma%20physics" title=" space plasma physics"> space plasma physics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave-particle%20interactions" title=" wave-particle interactions"> wave-particle interactions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5551/electron-beam-effects-on-kinetic-alfven-waves-in-the-cold-homogenous-plasma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5551.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19868</span> Seismic Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joint by Reversible Mixed Technologies of FRP</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser-Eddine%20Attari">Nasser-Eddine Attari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After the earthquake many structures were classified as slightly damaged and, being uneconomic to replace them, at least in the short term, suitable means of repairs of the beam column joint area are being studied. Furthermore, there exist a large number of buildings that need retrofitting of the joints before the next earthquake. The paper reports the results of the experimental programme, constituted of three beam-column reinforced concrete joints at a scale of one to three (1/3) tested under the effect of a pre-stressing axial load acting over the column. The beams were subjected at their ends to an alternate cyclic loading under displacement control to simulate a seismic action. Strain and cracking fields were monitored with the help a digital recording camera. Following the analysis of the results, a comparison can be made between the performances in terms of ductility, strength, and mode of failure of the different strengthening solution considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibre%20reinforced%20polymers" title="fibre reinforced polymers">fibre reinforced polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joints" title=" joints"> joints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam%20columns" title=" beam columns"> beam columns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16721/seismic-strengthening-of-reinforced-concrete-beam-column-joint-by-reversible-mixed-technologies-of-frp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16721.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19867</span> Molecular Dynamics Simulation for Buckling Analysis at Nanocomposite Beams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20Safaei">Babak Safaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Fattahi"> A. M. Fattahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study we have investigated axial buckling characteristics of nanocomposite beams reinforced by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Various types of beam theories including Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, Timoshenko beam theory and Reddy beam theory were used to analyze the buckling behavior of carbon nanotube-reinforced composite beams. Generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method was utilized to discretize the governing differential equations along with four commonly used boundary conditions. The material properties of the nanocomposite beams were obtained using molecular dynamic (MD) simulation corresponding to both short-(10,10) SWCNT and long-(10,10) SWCNT composites which were embedded by amorphous polyethylene matrix. Then the results obtained directly from MD simulations were matched with those calculated by the mixture rule to extract appropriate values of carbon nanotube efficiency parameters accounting for the scale-dependent material properties. The selected numerical results were presented to indicate the influences of nanotube volume fractions and end supports on the critical axial buckling loads of nanocomposite beams relevant to long- and short-nanotube composites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title="nanocomposites">nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics%20simulation" title=" molecular dynamics simulation"> molecular dynamics simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20buckling" title=" axial buckling"> axial buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20differential%20quadrature%20%28GDQ%29" title=" generalized differential quadrature (GDQ)"> generalized differential quadrature (GDQ)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38174/molecular-dynamics-simulation-for-buckling-analysis-at-nanocomposite-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19866</span> Critical Buckling Load of Carbon Nanotube with Non-Local Timoshenko Beam Using the Differential Transform Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tayeb%20Bensattalah">Tayeb Bensattalah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Zidour"> Mohamed Zidour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ait%20Amar%20Meziane"> Mohamed Ait Amar Meziane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahar%20Hassaine%20Daouadji"> Tahar Hassaine Daouadji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelouahed%20Tounsi"> Abdelouahed Tounsi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the Differential Transform Method (DTM) is employed to predict and to analysis the non-local critical buckling loads of carbon nanotubes with various end conditions and the non-local Timoshenko beam described by single differential equation. The equation differential of buckling of the nanobeams is derived via a non-local theory and the solution for non-local critical buckling loads is finding by the DTM. The DTM is introduced briefly. It can easily be applied to linear or nonlinear problems and it reduces the size of computational work. Inﬂuence of boundary conditions, the chirality of carbon nanotube and aspect ratio on non-local critical buckling loads are studied and discussed. Effects of nonlocal parameter, ratios L/d, the chirality of single-walled carbon nanotube, as well as the boundary conditions on buckling of CNT are investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20conditions" title="boundary conditions">boundary conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buckling" title=" buckling"> buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-local" title=" non-local"> non-local</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20transform%20method" title=" differential transform method"> differential transform method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81382/critical-buckling-load-of-carbon-nanotube-with-non-local-timoshenko-beam-using-the-differential-transform-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81382.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19865</span> Audit of TPS photon beam dataset for small field output factors using OSLDs against RPC standard dataset</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asad%20Yousuf">Asad Yousuf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The aim of the present study was to audit treatment planning system beam dataset for small field output factors against standard dataset produced by radiological physics center (RPC) from a multicenter study. Such data are crucial for validity of special techniques, i.e., IMRT or stereotactic radiosurgery. Materials/Method: In this study, multiple small field size output factor datasets were measured and calculated for 6 to 18 MV x-ray beams using the RPC recommend methods. These beam datasets were measured at 10 cm depth for 10 × 10 cm2 to 2 × 2 cm2 field sizes, defined by collimator jaws at 100 cm. The measurements were made with a Landauer’s nanoDot OSLDs whose volume is small enough to gather a full ionization reading even for the 1×1 cm2 field size. At our institute the beam data including output factors have been commissioned at 5 cm depth with an SAD setup. For comparison with the RPC data, the output factors were converted to an SSD setup using tissue phantom ratios. SSD setup also enables coverage of the ion chamber in 2×2 cm2 field size. The measured output factors were also compared with those calculated by Eclipse™ treatment planning software. Result: The measured and calculated output factors are in agreement with RPC dataset within 1% and 4% respectively. The large discrepancies in TPS reflect the increased challenge in converting measured data into a commissioned beam model for very small fields. Conclusion: OSLDs are simple, durable, and accurate tool to verify doses that delivered using small photon beam fields down to a 1x1 cm2 field sizes. The study emphasizes that the treatment planning system should always be evaluated for small field out factors for the accurate dose delivery in clinical setting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20field%20dosimetry" title="small field dosimetry">small field dosimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optically%20stimulated%20luminescence" title=" optically stimulated luminescence"> optically stimulated luminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audit%20treatment" title=" audit treatment"> audit treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiological%20physics%20center" title=" radiological physics center"> radiological physics center</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7998/audit-of-tps-photon-beam-dataset-for-small-field-output-factors-using-oslds-against-rpc-standard-dataset" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19864</span> Wave Interaction with Defects in Pressurized Composite Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20K.%20Apalowo">R. K. Apalowo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Chronopoulos"> D. Chronopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Thierry"> V. Thierry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A wave finite element (WFE) and finite element (FE) based computational method is presented by which the dispersion properties as well as the wave interaction coefficients for one-dimensional structural system can be predicted. The structural system is discretized as a system comprising a number of waveguides connected by a coupling joint. Uniform nodes are ensured at the interfaces of the coupling element with each waveguide. Then, equilibrium and continuity conditions are enforced at the interfaces. Wave propagation properties of each waveguide are calculated using the WFE method and the coupling element is modelled using the FE method. The scattering of waves through the coupling element, on which damage is modelled, is determined by coupling the FE and WFE models. Furthermore, the central aim is to evaluate the effect of pressurization on the wave dispersion and scattering characteristics of the prestressed structural system compared to that which is not prestressed. Numerical case studies are exhibited for two waveguides coupled through a coupling joint. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Finite%20Element" title="Finite Element">Finite Element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prestressed%20Structures" title=" Prestressed Structures"> Prestressed Structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wave%20Finite%20Element" title="Wave Finite Element">Wave Finite Element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wave%20Propagation%20Properties" title=" Wave Propagation Properties"> Wave Propagation Properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wave%20Scattering%20Coefficients." title=" Wave Scattering Coefficients."> Wave Scattering Coefficients.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58482/wave-interaction-with-defects-in-pressurized-composite-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19863</span> Quantifying Stability of Online Communities and Its Impact on Disinformation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Chomel">Victor Chomel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maziyar%20Panahi"> Maziyar Panahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Chavalarias"> David Chavalarias</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Misinformation has taken an increasingly worrying place in social media. Propagation patterns are closely linked to the structure of communities. This study proposes a method of community analysis based on a combination of centrality indicators for the network and its main communities. The objective is to establish a link between the stability of the communities over time, the social ascension of its members internally, and the propagation of information in the community. To this end, data from the debates about global warming and political communities on Twitter have been collected, and several tens of millions of tweets and retweets have helped us better understand the structure of these communities. The quantification of this stability allows for the study of the propagation of information of any kind, including disinformation. Our results indicate that the most stable communities over time are the ones that enable the establishment of nodes capturing a large part of the information and broadcasting its opinions. Conversely, communities with a high turnover and social ascendancy only stabilize themselves strongly in the face of adversity and external events but seem to offer a greater diversity of opinions most of the time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20analysis" title="community analysis">community analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disinformation" title=" disinformation"> disinformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=misinformation" title=" misinformation"> misinformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Twitter" title=" Twitter"> Twitter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128710/quantifying-stability-of-online-communities-and-its-impact-on-disinformation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128710.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19862</span> Modeling of Dam Break Flood Wave Propagation Using HEC-RAS 2D and GIS: A Case Study of Taksebt Dam in Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelghani%20Leghouchi">Abdelghani Leghouchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to predict the consequences associated with the propagation of the flood wave that may occur after the failure of the Taksebt dam and suggest an efficient emergency action plan (EAP) for mitigation purposes. To achieve the objectives of this study, the hydrodynamic model HEC-RAS 2D was used for the flood routing of the dam break wave, which gave an estimate of the hydraulic characteristics downstream the Taksebt dam. Geospatial analysis of the simulation results conducted in a Geographic information system (GIS) environment showed that many residential areas are considered to be in danger in case of the Taksebt dam break event. Based on the obtained results, an emergency actions plan was suggested to moderate the causalities in the downstream area at risk. Overall, the present study showed that the integration of 2D hydraulic modeling and GIS provides great capabilities in providing realistic view of the dam break wave propagation that enhances assessing the associated risks and proposing appropriate mitigation measures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taksebt%20dam" title="taksebt dam">taksebt dam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dam%20break" title=" dam break"> dam break</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20propagation%20time" title=" wave propagation time"> wave propagation time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HEC-RAS%202D" title=" HEC-RAS 2D"> HEC-RAS 2D</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157966/modeling-of-dam-break-flood-wave-propagation-using-hec-ras-2d-and-gis-a-case-study-of-taksebt-dam-in-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157966.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19861</span> A Comparison of Sequential Quadratic Programming, Genetic Algorithm, Simulated Annealing, Particle Swarm Optimization for the Design and Optimization of a Beam Column</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nima%20Khosravi">Nima Khosravi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes an integrated optimization technique with concurrent use of sequential quadratic programming, genetic algorithm, and simulated annealing particle swarm optimization for the design and optimization of a beam column. In this research, the comparison between 4 different types of optimization methods. The comparison is done and it is found out that all the methods meet the required constraints and the lowest value of the objective function is achieved by SQP, which was also the fastest optimizer to produce the results. SQP is a gradient based optimizer hence its results are usually the same after every run. The only thing which affects the results is the initial conditions given. The initial conditions given in the various test run were very large as compared. Hence, the value converged at a different point. Rest of the methods is a heuristic method which provides different values for different runs even if every parameter is kept constant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam%20column" title="beam column">beam column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title=" particle swarm optimization"> particle swarm optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequential%20quadratic%20programming" title=" sequential quadratic programming"> sequential quadratic programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulated%20annealing" title=" simulated annealing"> simulated annealing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58973/a-comparison-of-sequential-quadratic-programming-genetic-algorithm-simulated-annealing-particle-swarm-optimization-for-the-design-and-optimization-of-a-beam-column" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58973.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19860</span> Analysis of Thermal Effect on Functionally Graded Micro-Beam via Mixed Finite Element Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cagri%20Mollamahmutoglu">Cagri Mollamahmutoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Mercan"> Ali Mercan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aykut%20Levent"> Aykut Levent</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Studies concerning the microstructures are becoming more important as the utilization of various micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) are increasing. Thus in recent years, thermal buckling and vibration analysis of microstructures have been subject to many investigations that are utilizing different numerical methods. In this study, thermal effects on mechanical response of a functionally graded (FG) Timoshenko micro-beam are presented in the framework of a mixed finite element formulation. Size effects are taken into consideration via modified couple stress theory. The mixed formulation is based on a function which in turn is derived via Gateaux Differential scientifically. After the resolution of all field equations of the beam, a potential operator is carefully constructed. Then this operator is used for the manufacturing of the functional. Usual procedures of finite element approximation are utilized for the derivation of the mixed finite element equations once the potential is obtained. Resulting finite element formulation allows usage of C₀ type simple linear shape functions and avoids shear-locking phenomena, which is a common shortcoming of the displacement-based formulations of moderately thick beams. The developed numerical scheme is used to obtain the effects of thermal loads on the static bending, free vibration and buckling of FG Timoshenko micro-beams for different power-law parameters, aspect ratios and boundary conditions. The versatility of the mixed formulation is presented over other numerical methods such as generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM). Another attractive property of the formulation is that it allows direct calculation of the contribution of micro effects on the overall mechanical response. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-beam" title="micro-beam">micro-beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functionally%20graded%20materials" title=" functionally graded materials"> functionally graded materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20effect" title=" thermal effect"> thermal effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20finite%20element%20method" title=" mixed finite element method"> mixed finite element method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113349/analysis-of-thermal-effect-on-functionally-graded-micro-beam-via-mixed-finite-element-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19859</span> Prediction of Unsteady Heat Transfer over Square Cylinder in the Presence of Nanofluid by Using ANN</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajoy%20Kumar%20Das">Ajoy Kumar Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasenjit%20Dey"> Prasenjit Dey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heat transfer due to forced convection of copper water based nanofluid has been predicted by Artificial Neural network (ANN). The present nanofluid is formed by mixing copper nano particles in water and the volume fractions are considered here are 0% to 15% and the Reynolds number are kept constant at 100. The back propagation algorithm is used to train the network. The present ANN is trained by the input and output data which has been obtained from the numerical simulation, performed in finite volume based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) commercial software Ansys Fluent. The numerical simulation based results are compared with the back propagation based ANN results. It is found that the forced convection heat transfer of water based nanofluid can be predicted correctly by ANN. It is also observed that the back propagation ANN can predict the heat transfer characteristics of nanofluid very quickly compared to standard CFD method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forced%20convection" title="forced convection">forced convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20cylinder" title=" square cylinder"> square cylinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluid" title=" nanofluid"> nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network "> neural network </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26172/prediction-of-unsteady-heat-transfer-over-square-cylinder-in-the-presence-of-nanofluid-by-using-ann" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19858</span> Effect of Viscosity on Propagation of MHD Waves in Astrophysical Plasma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alemayehu%20Mengesha">Alemayehu Mengesha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solomon%20Belay"> Solomon Belay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We determine the general dispersion relation for the propagation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in an astrophysical plasma by considering the effect of viscosity with an anisotropic pressure tensor. Basic MHD equations have been derived and linearized by the method of perturbation to develop the general form of the dispersion relation equation. Our result indicates that an astrophysical plasma with an anisotropic pressure tensor is stable in the presence of viscosity and a strong magnetic field at considerable wavelength. Currently, we are doing the numerical analysis of this work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=astrophysical" title="astrophysical">astrophysical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title=" magnetic field"> magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instability" title=" instability"> instability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MHD" title=" MHD"> MHD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelength" title=" wavelength"> wavelength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity" title=" viscosity"> viscosity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47904/effect-of-viscosity-on-propagation-of-mhd-waves-in-astrophysical-plasma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19857</span> Quasi-Static Analysis of End Plate Beam-to-Column Connections</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Al-Rifaie">A. Al-Rifaie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20W.%20Guan"> Z. W. Guan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20W.%20Jones"> S. W. Jones</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a method for modelling and analysing end plate beam-to-column connections to obtain the quasi-static behaviour using non-linear dynamic explicit integration. In addition to its importance to study the static behaviour of a structural member, quasi-static behaviour is largely needed to be compared with the dynamic behaviour of such members in order to investigate the dynamic effect by proposing dynamic increase factors (DIFs). The beam-to-column bolted connections contain various contact surfaces at which the implicit procedure may have difficulties converging, resulting in a large number of iterations. Contrary, explicit procedure could deal effectively with complex contacts without converging problems. Hence, finite element modelling using ABAQUS/explicit is used in this study to address the dynamic effect may be produced using explicit procedure. Also, the effect of loading rate and mass scaling are discussed to investigate their effect on the time of analysis. The results show that the explicit procedure is valuable to model the end plate beam-to-column connections in terms of failure mode, load-displacement relationships. Also, it is concluded that loading rate and mass scaling should be carefully selected to avoid the dynamic effect in the solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi-static" title="quasi-static">quasi-static</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=end%20plate" title=" end plate"> end plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20elements" title=" finite elements"> finite elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connections" title=" connections"> connections</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73321/quasi-static-analysis-of-end-plate-beam-to-column-connections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19856</span> Improvement of Wear Resistance of 356 Aluminum Alloy by High Energy Electron Beam Irradiation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Farnush">M. Farnush</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is concerned with the microstructural analysis and improvement of wear resistance of 356 aluminum alloy by a high energy electron beam. Shock hardening on material by high energy electron beam improved wear resistance. Particularly, in the surface of material by shock hardening, the wear resistance was greatly enhanced to 29% higher than that of the 356 aluminum alloy substrate. These findings suggested that surface shock hardening using high energy electron beam irradiation was economical and useful for the development of surface shock hardening with improved wear resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al356%20alloy" title="Al356 alloy">Al356 alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HEEB" title=" HEEB"> HEEB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear%20resistance" title=" wear resistance"> wear resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frictional%20characteristics" title=" frictional characteristics"> frictional characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47963/improvement-of-wear-resistance-of-356-aluminum-alloy-by-high-energy-electron-beam-irradiation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19855</span> Three-Dimensional Jet Refraction Simulation Using a Gradient Term Suppression and Filtering Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lican%20Wang">Lican Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rongqian%20Chen"> Rongqian Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yancheng%20You"> Yancheng You</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruofan%20Qiu"> Ruofan Qiu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the applications of jet engine, open-jet wind tunnel and airframe, there wildly exists a shear layer formed by the velocity and temperature gradients between jet flow and surrounded medium. The presence of shear layer will refract and reflect the sound path that consequently influences the measurement results in far-field. To investigate and evaluate the shear layer effect, a gradient term suppression and filtering method is adopted to simulate sound propagation through a steady sheared flow in three dimensions. Two typical configurations are considered: one is an incompressible and cold jet flow in wind tunnel and the other is a compressible and hot jet flow in turbofan engine. A numerically linear microphone array is used to localize the position of given sound source. The localization error is presented and linearly fitted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aeroacoustic" title="aeroacoustic">aeroacoustic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linearized%20Euler%20equation" title=" linearized Euler equation"> linearized Euler equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20propagation" title=" acoustic propagation"> acoustic propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=source%20localization" title=" source localization"> source localization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131870/three-dimensional-jet-refraction-simulation-using-a-gradient-term-suppression-and-filtering-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19854</span> Effect of Normal Deformation on the Stability of Sandwich Beams Simply Supported Using a Refined Four-Variable Beam Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Bennai">R. Bennai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Nebab"> M. Nebab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Ait%20Atmane"> H. Ait Atmane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Ayache"> B. Ayache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Fourn"> H. Fourn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, a study of the stability of a functionally graduated sandwiches beam using a refined theory of hyperbolic shear deformation of a beam was developed. The effects of transverse shear strains and the transverse normal deformation are considered. The constituent materials of the beam are supposed gradually variable depending on the height direction based on a simple power distribution law in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents; the two materials with which we worked are metals and ceramics. In order to examine the present model, illustrative examples are presented to show the effects of changes in different parameters such as the material graduation, the stretching effect of the thickness and thickness ratio –length on the buckling of FGM sandwich beams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FGM%20materials" title="FGM materials">FGM materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refined%20shear%20deformation%20theory" title=" refined shear deformation theory"> refined shear deformation theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stretching%20effect" title=" stretching effect"> stretching effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buckling" title=" buckling"> buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20conditions" title=" boundary conditions"> boundary conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90813/effect-of-normal-deformation-on-the-stability-of-sandwich-beams-simply-supported-using-a-refined-four-variable-beam-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90813.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19853</span> Sterilization of Potato Explants for in vitro Propagation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20R.%20Masvodza">D. R. Masvodza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Coetzer"> G. Coetzer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20van%20der%20Watt"> E. van der Watt </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microorganisms usually have a prolific growth nature and may cause major problems on in-vitro cultures. For in vitro propagation to be successful explants need to be sterile. In order to determine the best sterilization method for potato explants cv. Amerthyst, five sterilization methods were applied separately to 24 shoots. The first sterilization method was the use of 20% sodium hypochlorite with 1 ml Tween 20 for 15 minutes. The second, third and fourth sterilization methods were the immersion of explants in 70% ethanol in a beaker for either 30 seconds, 1 minute or 2 minutes, followed by 1% sodium hypochlorite with 1 ml Tween 20 for 5 minutes. For the control treatment, no chemicals were used. Finally, all the explants were rinsed three times with autoclaved distilled water and trimmed to 1-2 cm. Explants were then cultured on MS medium with 0.01 mg L-1 NAA and 0.1 mg L-1 GA3 and supplemented with 2 mg L-1 D-calcium pentothenate. The trial was laid out as a complete randomized design, and each treatment combination was replicated 24 times. At 7, 14 and 21 days after culture, data on explant color, survival, and presence or absence of contamination was recorded. Best results were obtained when 20% sodium hypochlorite was used with 1 ml Tween 20 for 15 minutes which is sterilization method 1. Method 2 was comparable to method 1 when explants were cultured in glass vessels. Explants in glass vessels were significantly less contaminated than explants in polypropylene vessel. Therefore at times, ideal methods for sterilization should be coupled with ideal culture conditions such as good quality culture vessel, rather than the addition of more stringent sterilants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture%20containers" title="culture containers">culture containers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explants" title=" explants"> explants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20hypochlororite" title=" sodium hypochlororite"> sodium hypochlororite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sterilization" title=" sterilization"> sterilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70283/sterilization-of-potato-explants-for-in-vitro-propagation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19852</span> Structure-Phase States of Al-Si Alloy After Electron-Beam Treatment and Multicycle Fatigue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krestina%20V.%20Alsaraeva">Krestina V. Alsaraeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20E.%20Gromov"> Victor E. Gromov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20V.%20Konovalov"> Sergey V. Konovalov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20A.%20Atroshkina"> Anna A. Atroshkina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Processing of Al-19.4Si alloy by high intensive electron beam has been carried out and multiple increase in fatigue life of the material has been revealed. Investigations of structure and surface modified layer destruction of Al-19.4Si alloy subjected to multicycle fatigue tests to fracture have been carried out by methods of scanning electron microscopy. The factors responsible for the increase of fatigue life of Al-19.4Si alloy have been revealed and analyzed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-19.4Si%20alloy" title="Al-19.4Si alloy">Al-19.4Si alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20intensive%20electron%20beam" title=" high intensive electron beam"> high intensive electron beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicycle%20fatigue" title=" multicycle fatigue"> multicycle fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure" title=" structure"> structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18754/structure-phase-states-of-al-si-alloy-after-electron-beam-treatment-and-multicycle-fatigue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18754.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">554</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19851</span> Methodologies for Crack Initiation in Welded Joints Applied to Inspection Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guang%20Zou">Guang Zou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kian%20Banisoleiman"> Kian Banisoleiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arturo%20Gonz%C3%A1lez"> Arturo González</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crack initiation and propagation threatens structural integrity of welded joints and normally inspections are assigned based on crack propagation models. However, the approach based on crack propagation models may not be applicable for some high-quality welded joints, because the initial flaws in them may be so small that it may take long time for the flaws to develop into a detectable size. This raises a concern regarding the inspection planning of high-quality welded joins, as there is no generally acceptable approach for modeling the whole fatigue process that includes the crack initiation period. In order to address the issue, this paper reviews treatment methods for crack initiation period and initial crack size in crack propagation models applied to inspection planning. Generally, there are four approaches, by: 1) Neglecting the crack initiation period and fitting a probabilistic distribution for initial crack size based on statistical data; 2) Extrapolating the crack propagation stage to a very small fictitious initial crack size, so that the whole fatigue process can be modeled by crack propagation models; 3) Assuming a fixed detectable initial crack size and fitting a probabilistic distribution for crack initiation time based on specimen tests; and, 4) Modeling the crack initiation and propagation stage separately using small crack growth theories and Paris law or similar models. The conclusion is that in view of trade-off between accuracy and computation efforts, calibration of a small fictitious initial crack size to S-N curves is the most efficient approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20initiation" title="crack initiation">crack initiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20reliability" title=" fatigue reliability"> fatigue reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inspection%20planning" title=" inspection planning"> inspection planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welded%20joints" title=" welded joints"> welded joints</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57736/methodologies-for-crack-initiation-in-welded-joints-applied-to-inspection-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19850</span> Structural Performance of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Steel Plates: Experimental Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazin%20Mohammed%20S.%20Sarhan">Mazin Mohammed S. Sarhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents the performance of concrete beams reinforced with steel plates as a technique of reinforcement. Three reinforced concrete beams with the dimensions of 200 mm x 300 mm x 4000 mm (width x height x length, respectively) were experimentally investigated under flexural loading. The deformed steel bars were used as the main reinforcement for the first beam. A steel plate placed horizontally was used as the main reinforcement for the second beam. The bond between the steel plate and the surrounding concrete was enhanced by using steel bolts (with a diameter of 20 mm and length of 100 mm) welded to the steel plate at a regular distance of 200 mm. A pair of steel plates placed vertically was used as the main reinforcement for the third beam. The bond between the pair steel plates and the surrounding concrete was enhanced by using 4 equal steel angles (with the dimensions of 75 mm x 75 mm and the thickness of 8 mm) for each vertical steel plate. Two steel angles were welded at each end of the steel plate. The outcomes revealed that the bending stiffness of the beams reinforced with steel plates was higher than that reinforced with deformed steel bars. Also, the flexural ductile behavior of the second beam was much higher than the rest beams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20beam" title="concrete beam">concrete beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deflection" title=" deflection"> deflection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ductility" title=" ductility"> ductility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate" title=" plate"> plate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114584/structural-performance-of-concrete-beams-reinforced-with-steel-plates-experimental-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19849</span> Reliable Line-of-Sight and Non-Line-of-Sight Propagation Channel Identification in Ultra-Wideband Wireless Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Adnan%20Landolsi">Mohamed Adnan Landolsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20F.%20Almutairi"> Ali F. Almutairi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper addresses the problem of line-of-sight (LOS) vs. non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation link identification in ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless networks, which is necessary for improving the accuracy of radiolocation and positioning applications. A LOS/NLOS likelihood hypothesis testing approach is applied based on exploiting distinctive statistical features of the channel impulse response (CIR) using parameters related to the “skewness” of the CIR and its root mean square (RMS) delay spread. A log-normal fit is presented for the probability densities of the CIR parameters. Simulation results show that different environments (residential, office, outdoor, etc.) have measurable differences in their CIR parameters’ statistics, which is then exploited in determining the nature of the propagation channels. Correct LOS/NLOS channel identification rates exceeding 90% are shown to be achievable for most types of environments. Additional improvement is also obtained by combining both CIR skewness and RMS delay statistics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UWB" title="UWB">UWB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propagation" title=" propagation"> propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LOS" title=" LOS"> LOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NLOS" title=" NLOS"> NLOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identification" title=" identification"> identification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55684/reliable-line-of-sight-and-non-line-of-sight-propagation-channel-identification-in-ultra-wideband-wireless-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite-difference%20beam%20propagation%20method&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite-difference%20beam%20propagation%20method&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite-difference%20beam%20propagation%20method&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite-difference%20beam%20propagation%20method&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite-difference%20beam%20propagation%20method&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite-difference%20beam%20propagation%20method&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite-difference%20beam%20propagation%20method&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">7</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite-difference%20beam%20propagation%20method&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite-difference%20beam%20propagation%20method&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite-difference%20beam%20propagation%20method&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite-difference%20beam%20propagation%20method&page=668">668</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite-difference%20beam%20propagation%20method&page=669">669</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite-difference%20beam%20propagation%20method&page=8" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>