CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="story" xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=7YQSqjSh" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.nytimes.com/1861/04/29/archives/how-to-deal-with-treason.html","20201122222243","https://web.archive.org/","web","https://web-static.archive.org/_static/", "1606083763"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=p7PEIJWi" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <title data-rh="true">How to Deal With Treason. - The New York Times</title> <meta data-rh="true" itemprop="inLanguage" content="en-US"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:published_time" content="1861-04-29T05:00:00.000Z"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:modified_time" content="1861-04-29T05:00:00.000Z"/><meta data-rh="true" http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en"/><meta data-rh="true" name="robots" content="noarchive"/><meta data-rh="true" name="articleid" content="1861042900077973310"/><meta data-rh="true" name="nyt_uri" content="nyt://article/f4a7ad96-5226-5b79-ad5b-3ead957c21e9"/><meta data-rh="true" name="pubp_event_id" content="pubp://event/ef0103d8fa8640be9b305c86b1eae07c"/><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content=""/><meta data-rh="true" name="image" content="https://static01.nyt.com/newsgraphics/images/icons/defaultPromoCrop.png?year=1861"/><meta data-rh="true" name="byl" content/><meta data-rh="true" name="thumbnail" content="https://static01.nyt.com/newsgraphics/images/icons/defaultCrop.png"/><meta data-rh="true" name="news_keywords" content=""/><meta data-rh="true" name="pdate" content="18610429"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/1861/04/29/archives/how-to-deal-with-treason.html"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:type" content="article"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="How to Deal With Treason. (Published 1861)"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243im_/https://static01.nyt.com/newsgraphics/images/icons/defaultPromoCrop.png?year=1861"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image:alt" content=""/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content=""/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:url" content="https://www.nytimes.com/1861/04/29/archives/how-to-deal-with-treason.html"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:title" content="How to Deal With Treason. (Published 1861)"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:description" content=""/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:image" content="https://static01.nyt.com/newsgraphics/images/icons/defaultCrop.png?year=1861"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:image:alt" content=""/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:section" content="Archives"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:opinion" content="false"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:content_tier" content="metered"/><meta data-rh="true" name="CG" content="archives"/><meta data-rh="true" name="SCG" content=""/><meta data-rh="true" name="CN" content=""/><meta data-rh="true" name="CT" content=""/><meta data-rh="true" name="PT" content="article"/><meta data-rh="true" name="PST" content="Archives"/><meta data-rh="true" name="url" content="https://www.nytimes.com/1861/04/29/archives/how-to-deal-with-treason.html"/><meta data-rh="true" name="msapplication-starturl" content="https://www.nytimes.com"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:url" content="nyt://article/f4a7ad96-5226-5b79-ad5b-3ead957c21e9"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:package" content="com.nytimes.android"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:app_name" content="NYTimes"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:name:googleplay" content="NYTimes"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:id:googleplay" content="com.nytimes.android"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:url:googleplay" content="nyt://article/f4a7ad96-5226-5b79-ad5b-3ead957c21e9"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:iphone:url" content="nytimes://www.nytimes.com/1861/04/29/archives/how-to-deal-with-treason.html"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:iphone:app_store_id" content="284862083"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:iphone:app_name" content="NYTimes"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ipad:url" content="nytimes://www.nytimes.com/1861/04/29/archives/how-to-deal-with-treason.html"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ipad:app_store_id" content="357066198"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ipad:app_name" content="NYTimes"/> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="9869919170"/> <meta name="twitter:site" value="@nytimes"/> <script> const override = (new URL(window.location)).searchParams.get('sentryOverride'); if (override || Math.floor(Math.random() * 100) <= 1) { document.write('<script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://js.sentry-cdn.com/7bc8bccf5c254286a99b11c68f6bf4ce.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous">' + '<' + '/script>'); } </script> <script> if (window.Sentry) { window.Sentry.onLoad(function() { window.Sentry.init({ maxBreadcrumbs: 30, release: '2facba8dde76bf9076e8b14737ce13ed5b59c759', environment: 'prd', ignoreErrors: [/SecurityError: Blocked a frame with origin.*/], }); }); } </script> <link data-rh="true" rel="shortcut icon" href="/web/20201122222243im_/https://www.nytimes.com/vi-assets/static-assets/favicon-d2483f10ef688e6f89e23806b9700298.ico"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/web/20201122222243im_/https://www.nytimes.com/vi-assets/static-assets/apple-touch-icon-28865b72953380a40aa43318108876cb.png"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144脳144" href="/web/20201122222243im_/https://www.nytimes.com/vi-assets/static-assets/ios-ipad-144x144-28865b72953380a40aa43318108876cb.png"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114脳114" href="/web/20201122222243im_/https://www.nytimes.com/vi-assets/static-assets/ios-iphone-114x144-080e7ec6514fdc62bcbb7966d9b257d2.png"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/web/20201122222243im_/https://www.nytimes.com/vi-assets/static-assets/ios-default-homescreen-57x57-43808a4cd5333b648057a01624d84960.png"/><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/1861/04/29/archives/how-to-deal-with-treason.html"/><link data-rh="true" rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/1861/04/29/archives/how-to-deal-with-treason.html"/><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/nyt://article/f4a7ad96-5226-5b79-ad5b-3ead957c21e9"/><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/svc/oembed/json/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1861%2F04%2F29%2Farchives%2Fhow-to-deal-with-treason.html" title="How to Deal With Treason."/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243cs_/https://g1.nyt.com/fonts/css/web-fonts.5810def60210a2fa7d0848f37e3fa048bb6147b1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20201122222243cs_/https://www.nytimes.com/vi-assets/static-assets/global-69acc7c8fb6a313ed7e8641e4a88bf30.css"/> <style>[data-timezone] { display: none }</style> <style data-lights-css="1dv1kvn 6n7j50 1fe7a5q 1f8er69 10488qs 1k0lris hnzl8o 1hyfx7x kdur8l 1e1s8k7 15uy5yv jq1cx6 d8bdto y8aj3r qj0ud4 4xjgmj 1tel06d 12fr9lp 18z7m18 k008qs 1aor85t 1hqnpie epjblv fwqvlz 17xtcya x15j1o 1705lsu 1iwv8en 1n6z4y 1sy8kpn 19vbshk l9onyx j3uhc5 11cwn6f 1fanzo5 53u6y8 13pd83m 1r7ky0e ew4tgv 1ve50l5 p5jc4e udpjq9 iry6ay 4ejn01 1nq039c 1382yzd 1gus26i 1mweozg 14uxcda 6hi8ev 1s1pakw 1ly73wi 1bymuyk ui9rw0 eph4ug 1uqx5yl 1o0yzqm fnhm75 10698na t66y1h 9e9ivx 1r0gz1j 9b35cd 1bvtpon 4skfbu ol3tqt 1us72gc u8jfn7 16ogagc 1acmxgr 107sgp6 1ede5it 1ho5u4o 13o0c9t a7htku 17ai7jg 1q2w90k 1vxca1d lwgwj5 1vkm6nb 3snf05 xt80pu 1si6tjw cnj6d5 158dogj 1w184yk ecpe9w name 5j8bii duration delay timing-function">@-webkit-keyframes animation-5j8bii{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}@keyframes animation-5j8bii{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}.css-1dv1kvn{border:0;-webkit-clip:rect(0 0 0 0);clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;}.css-6n7j50{display:inline;}.css-1fe7a5q{display:inline-block;height:16px;vertical-align:sub;width:16px;}.css-1f8er69{border:0;-webkit-clip:rect(0 0 0 0);clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;border-radius:3px;cursor:pointer;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;-webkit-transition:ease 0.6s;transition:ease 0.6s;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;background-color:transparent;color:#000;font-size:11px;line-height:11px;font-weight:700;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.02em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.02em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.02em;letter-spacing:0.02em;padding:11px 12px 8px;background:#fff;display:inline-block;left:44px;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-transition:none;transition:none;}.css-1f8er69:active,.css-1f8er69:focus{-webkit-clip:auto;clip:auto;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;}.css-1f8er69::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0;}.css-1f8er69:-moz-focusring{outline:1px dotted;}.css-1f8er69:disabled,.css-1f8er69.disabled{opacity:0.5;cursor:default;}.css-1f8er69:active,.css-1f8er69.active{background-color:#f7f7f7;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1f8er69:hover{background-color:#f7f7f7;}}.css-1f8er69:focus{margin-top:3px;padding:8px 8px 6px;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1f8er69{left:112px;}}.css-10488qs{display:none;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-10488qs{display:inline-block;position:relative;}}.css-1k0lris{color:#326891;height:12px;margin-left:8px;padding-left:8px;}.css-hnzl8o{display:inline-block;font-size:12px;-webkit-transition:color 0.6s ease;transition:color 0.6s ease;color:#121212;}.css-hnzl8o:hover{color:#666;}.css-1hyfx7x{display:none;}.css-kdur8l::before{background-color:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid #e2e2e2;border-top:2px solid #e2e2e2;content:'';display:block;height:1px;margin-top:0;}@media (min-width:1150px){.css-kdur8l{margin:0 auto;max-width:1200px;padding:0 3% 9px;}}.NYTApp .css-kdur8l{display:none;}@media print{.css-kdur8l{display:none;}}.css-1e1s8k7{font-size:11px;text-align:center;padding-bottom:25px;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1e1s8k7{padding:0 3% 9px;}}.css-1e1s8k7.dockVisible{padding-bottom:45px;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1e1s8k7.dockVisible{padding:0 3% 45px;}}@media (min-width:1150px){.css-1e1s8k7{margin:0 auto;max-width:1200px;}}.NYTApp .css-1e1s8k7{display:none;}@media print{.css-1e1s8k7{display:none;}}.css-15uy5yv{border-top:1px solid #ebebeb;padding-top:9px;}.css-jq1cx6{color:#666;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;padding:10px 0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;}.css-jq1cx6:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-d8bdto{color:#999;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:17px;margin-bottom:5px;}@media print{.css-d8bdto{display:none;}}.css-y8aj3r{padding:0;}.css-qj0ud4{color:#999;display:inline;margin-right:16px;padding:10px 0;width:100%;}.css-qj0ud4 a{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media (max-width:659px){.css-qj0ud4.email-share-item,.css-qj0ud4.more-share-item{display:none;}}.css-qj0ud4:last-of-type{margin-right:0;}.css-4xjgmj{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;}.css-1tel06d{display:none;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1tel06d{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:16px;height:31px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1tel06d{display:none;}}@media print{.css-1tel06d{display:none;}}.css-12fr9lp{height:23px;margin-top:6px;}.css-18z7m18{display:none;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-18z7m18{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:0;}}@media print{.css-18z7m18{display:block;}}.css-k008qs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.css-1aor85t{display:none;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1aor85t{position:fixed;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;opacity:0;z-index:1;-webkit-transition:all 0.2s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.2s ease-in-out;width:100%;height:32.063px;background:white;padding:5px 0;top:0;text-align:center;font-family:nyt-cheltenham,georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;box-shadow:rgba(0,0,0,0.08) 0 0 5px 1px;border-bottom:1px solid #e2e2e2;}}@media print{.css-1aor85t{position:relative;border:none;display:inline-block;opacity:1 !important;visibility:visible !important;}}.css-1hqnpie{margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;max-width:1605px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;position:relative;width:100%;}@media (min-width:1360px){.css-1hqnpie{margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;}}@media (min-width:1780px){.css-1hqnpie{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media print{.css-1hqnpie{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-epjblv{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;max-width:1605px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;width:56%;margin-left:calc((100% - 56%) / 2);}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-epjblv{width:53%;margin-left:calc((100% - 53%) / 2);}}@media print{.css-epjblv{display:none;}}.css-fwqvlz{font-family:nyt-cheltenham-small,georgia,'times new roman';font-weight:400;font-size:13px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.015em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.015em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.015em;letter-spacing:0.015em;margin-top:10.5px;margin-right:auto;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;}.css-17xtcya{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:12.5px;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-letter-spacing:0;-moz-letter-spacing:0;-ms-letter-spacing:0;letter-spacing:0;margin-top:12.5px;margin-bottom:auto;margin-left:auto;white-space:nowrap;}.css-17xtcya:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-x15j1o{display:inline-block;padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;font-size:13px;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:auto;color:#ccc;}.css-1705lsu{margin-top:auto;margin-bottom:auto;margin-left:auto;background-color:#fff;z-index:50;box-shadow:-14px 2px 7px -2px rgba(255,255,255,0.7);}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1iwv8en{margin-top:1px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1iwv8en{margin-top:0;}}.css-1n6z4y{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;color:#ccc !important;border-left:1px solid #ccc;margin-left:10px;padding:10px;display:none;}@media print{.css-1n6z4y{display:inline-block;}}.css-1sy8kpn{display:none;}@media (min-width:765px){.css-1sy8kpn{background-color:#f7f7f7;border-bottom:1px solid #f3f3f3;display:block;padding-bottom:15px;padding-top:15px;margin:0;min-height:90px;}}@media print{.css-1sy8kpn{display:none;}}.css-19vbshk{color:#ccc;display:none;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.5625rem;font-weight:300;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.05rem;-moz-letter-spacing:0.05rem;-ms-letter-spacing:0.05rem;letter-spacing:0.05rem;line-height:0.5625rem;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-19vbshk{display:inline-block;}}.css-19vbshk p{margin-bottom:auto;margin-right:7px;margin-top:auto;text-transform:none;}.css-l9onyx{color:#ccc;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.5625rem;font-weight:300;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.05rem;-moz-letter-spacing:0.05rem;-ms-letter-spacing:0.05rem;letter-spacing:0.05rem;line-height:0.5625rem;margin-bottom:9px;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;}.css-j3uhc5{width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-j3uhc5{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-j3uhc5{width:600px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.css-j3uhc5{width:600px;max-width:600px;}}@media print{.css-j3uhc5{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-11cwn6f{width:100%;vertical-align:top;}.css-11cwn6f img{width:100%;vertical-align:top;}.css-1fanzo5{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;margin-bottom:1rem;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1fanzo5{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;height:100%;width:945px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:1150px){.css-1fanzo5{width:1110px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:1280px){.css-1fanzo5{width:1170px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.css-1fanzo5{width:1200px;}}@media print{.css-1fanzo5{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}@media print{.css-1fanzo5{margin-bottom:1em;display:block;}}.css-53u6y8{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:100%;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-53u6y8{margin-left:calc((100% - 600px) / 2);margin-right:0;width:600px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.css-53u6y8{max-width:600px;width:600px;margin-left:calc((100% - 600px) / 2);}}@media print{.css-53u6y8{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-13pd83m{top:0;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;background-color:white;z-index:902;}@media print{.css-13pd83m{display:none;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-13pd83m{margin-top:3px;}}.css-1r7ky0e .e6idgb70 + .e1h9rw200{margin-top:0;}.css-1r7ky0e .eoo0vm40 + .e1gnsphs0{margin-top:-0.3em;}.css-1r7ky0e .e6idgb70 + .eoo0vm40{margin-top:0;}.css-1r7ky0e .eoo0vm40 + figure{margin-top:1.2rem;}.css-1r7ky0e .e1gnsphs0 + figure{margin-top:1.2rem;}.css-ew4tgv{display:none;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-ew4tgv{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-right:0;margin-left:auto;width:130px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}}@media (min-width:1150px){.css-ew4tgv{width:210px;}}@media print{.css-ew4tgv{display:none;}}.css-1ve50l5{border-top:1px solid #e8e8e8;border-bottom:1px solid #e8e8e8;margin-bottom:1.25rem;padding-top:1.25rem;padding-bottom:0.625rem;}.css-p5jc4e{width:262px;margin:0 auto 1.25rem;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-p5jc4e{margin:0 auto 0 0;}}.css-udpjq9{color:#333;font-weight:500;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;text-align:center;margin:0 auto;}.css-iry6ay{position:relative;margin:0 0.5rem;}.css-iry6ay::after{background:#ccc;height:80%;content:'';margin:0 0.3125rem;position:absolute;right:-0.375rem;top:0;width:0.0625rem;}.css-4ejn01{color:#326891;display:inline-block;}.css-4ejn01:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-1nq039c{display:block;margin:0 auto 0.625rem;text-align:center;max-width:16.875rem;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1nq039c{max-width:25rem;}}.css-1382yzd{border-radius:3px;cursor:pointer;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;-webkit-transition:ease 0.6s;transition:ease 0.6s;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#567b95;border:1px solid #326891;color:#fff;font-size:11px;line-height:11px;font-weight:700;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.05em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.05em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.05em;letter-spacing:0.05em;padding:11px 12px 8px;text-transform:uppercase;display:block;padding:0.8125rem;margin-top:1.25rem;}.css-1382yzd::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0;}.css-1382yzd:-moz-focusring{outline:1px dotted;}.css-1382yzd:disabled,.css-1382yzd.disabled{opacity:0.5;cursor:default;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1382yzd:hover{background-color:#326891;}}.css-1gus26i{color:#b3b3b3;font-weight:500;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1rem;text-align:center;margin:1.25rem auto;max-width:15.625rem;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1gus26i{max-width:31.25rem;}}.css-1mweozg{color:#333;font-weight:500;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.625rem;font-style:italic;}.css-14uxcda{color:#333;font-weight:500;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.625rem;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;margin-top:1.25rem;}.css-6hi8ev{color:#333;font-weight:500;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.625rem;font-style:italic;margin-bottom:1.25rem;}.css-6hi8ev a{color:#326891;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-1s1pakw .css-tqabw5{max-width:12.5rem;}.css-1s1pakw .css-1gus26i{max-width:15.625rem;}.css-1s1pakw .css-z4qjxy{max-width:15.625rem;}.css-1s1pakw .css-1nq039c{max-width:16.875rem;}.css-1ly73wi{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;-webkit-clip:rect(0 0 0 0);clip:rect(0 0 0 0);overflow:hidden;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1bymuyk{position:relative;border-bottom:1px solid #e2e2e2;}}.css-ui9rw0{background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid #e2e2e2;height:36px;padding:8px 15px 3px;position:relative;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-ui9rw0{background:#fff;padding:10px 15px 6px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-ui9rw0{background:transparent;border-bottom:0;padding:4px 15px 2px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-ui9rw0{margin:0 auto;max-width:1605px;}}.css-eph4ug{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-around;-webkit-justify-content:space-around;-ms-flex-pack:space-around;justify-content:space-around;left:10px;position:absolute;}@media print{.css-eph4ug{display:none;}}.css-1uqx5yl{border-radius:3px;cursor:pointer;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;-webkit-transition:ease 0.6s;transition:ease 0.6s;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;background-color:transparent;color:#000;font-size:11px;line-height:11px;font-weight:700;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.02em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.02em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.02em;letter-spacing:0.02em;padding:11px 12px 8px;border:0;padding:8px 9px;text-transform:uppercase;}.css-1uqx5yl.hidden{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;}.css-1uqx5yl.hidden:focus{opacity:1;}.css-1uqx5yl::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0;}.css-1uqx5yl:-moz-focusring{outline:1px dotted;}.css-1uqx5yl:disabled,.css-1uqx5yl.disabled{opacity:0.5;cursor:default;}.css-1uqx5yl:active,.css-1uqx5yl.active{background-color:#f7f7f7;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1uqx5yl:hover{background-color:#f7f7f7;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1uqx5yl{display:none;}}.css-1o0yzqm{border-radius:3px;cursor:pointer;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;-webkit-transition:ease 0.6s;transition:ease 0.6s;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #ebebeb;color:#333;font-size:11px;line-height:11px;font-weight:500;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.02em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.02em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.02em;letter-spacing:0.02em;padding:11px 12px 8px;text-transform:uppercase;display:none;padding:8px 9px 9px;}.css-1o0yzqm::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0;}.css-1o0yzqm:-moz-focusring{outline:1px dotted;}.css-1o0yzqm:disabled,.css-1o0yzqm.disabled{opacity:0.5;cursor:default;}.css-1o0yzqm:active,.css-1o0yzqm.active{background-color:#f7f7f7;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1o0yzqm:hover{background-color:#f7f7f7;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1o0yzqm{border:0;display:inline-block;margin-right:8px;}}.css-fnhm75{border-radius:3px;cursor:pointer;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;-webkit-transition:ease 0.6s;transition:ease 0.6s;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;background-color:transparent;color:#000;font-size:11px;line-height:11px;font-weight:700;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.02em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.02em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.02em;letter-spacing:0.02em;padding:11px 12px 8px;border:0;}.css-fnhm75::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0;}.css-fnhm75:-moz-focusring{outline:1px dotted;}.css-fnhm75:disabled,.css-fnhm75.disabled{opacity:0.5;cursor:default;}.css-fnhm75:active,.css-fnhm75.active{background-color:#f7f7f7;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-fnhm75:hover{background-color:#f7f7f7;}}.css-fnhm75.activeSearchButton{background-color:#f7f7f7;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-fnhm75{padding:8px 9px 9px;}}.css-10698na{text-align:center;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-10698na{padding-top:0;}}@media print{.css-10698na a[href]::after{content:'';}.css-10698na svg{fill:black;}}.css-t66y1h{display:block;width:150px;height:21px;margin:7px auto 0;}@media (min-width:375px){.css-t66y1h{width:189px;height:26px;margin:5px auto 0;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-t66y1h{width:225px;height:31px;margin:4px auto 0;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-t66y1h{width:195px;height:26px;margin:6px auto 0;}}.css-9e9ivx{display:none;font-size:10px;margin-left:auto;text-transform:uppercase;}.hasLinks .css-9e9ivx{display:block;}@media (min-width:740px){.hasLinks .css-9e9ivx{margin:none;position:absolute;right:20px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.hasLinks .css-9e9ivx{display:none;}}.css-1r0gz1j{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:11px;-webkit-box-pack:space-around;-webkit-justify-content:space-around;-ms-flex-pack:space-around;justify-content:space-around;padding:13px 20px 12px;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1r0gz1j{position:relative;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1r0gz1j{-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;border:none;padding:0;height:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(38px);-ms-transform:translateY(38px);transform:translateY(38px);-webkit-align-items:flex-end;-webkit-box-align:flex-end;-ms-flex-align:flex-end;align-items:flex-end;}}@media print{.css-1r0gz1j{display:none;}}.css-9b35cd{color:#121212;font-size:13px;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;display:none;width:auto;font-weight:700;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-9b35cd{text-align:center;width:100%;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-9b35cd{font-size:12px;width:auto;margin-bottom:5px;}}.css-1bvtpon{display:none;}.css-4skfbu{color:#999;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:17px;margin-bottom:5px;margin-bottom:0;}@media print{.css-4skfbu{display:none;}}.css-ol3tqt{color:#999;display:inline;margin-right:16px;padding:10px 0;width:100%;}.css-ol3tqt a{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media (max-width:659px){.css-ol3tqt.email-share-item,.css-ol3tqt.more-share-item{display:none;}}.css-ol3tqt:last-of-type{margin-right:0;}@media (max-width:1150px){.css-ol3tqt.unlocked-share-item,.css-ol3tqt.wa-share-item,.css-ol3tqt.fb-share-item,.css-ol3tqt.twitter-share-item,.css-ol3tqt.email-share-item{display:none;}}.css-1us72gc{display:inline-block;height:15px;vertical-align:middle;width:15px;background-color:#eee;border:1px #eee solid;border-radius:100%;padding:5px;width:14px;height:14px;}.css-1us72gc:hover{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #ccc;}.css-u8jfn7{display:inline-block;height:15px;vertical-align:middle;width:15px;bottom:5px;position:relative;width:14px;height:14px;bottom:4px;}.css-16ogagc{background:transparent;display:inline-block;height:20px;width:20px;background-color:#eee;border:1px #eee solid;border-radius:100%;padding:5px;width:27px;height:27px;}.css-16ogagc.hidden{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;}.css-16ogagc.hidden:focus{opacity:1;}.css-16ogagc:hover{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #ccc;}.css-1acmxgr{display:inline-block;height:15px;vertical-align:middle;width:15px;background-color:#eee;border:1px #eee solid;border-radius:100%;padding:5px;width:15px;height:15px;}.css-1acmxgr:hover{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #ccc;}.css-107sgp6{display:inline-block;height:15px;vertical-align:middle;width:15px;bottom:5px;position:relative;width:15px;height:15px;bottom:4px;}.css-1ede5it{background-color:#f7f7f7;border-bottom:1px solid #f3f3f3;border-top:1px solid #f3f3f3;margin:37px auto;padding-bottom:30px;padding-top:12px;text-align:center;margin-top:60px;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1ede5it{margin:43px auto;}}@media print{.css-1ede5it{display:none;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1ede5it{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;}}.css-1ho5u4o{list-style:none;margin:0 0 15px;padding:0;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1ho5u4o{display:inline-block;}}.css-13o0c9t{list-style:none;line-height:8px;margin:0 0 35px;padding:0;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-13o0c9t{display:inline-block;}}.css-a7htku{display:inline-block;line-height:20px;padding:0 10px;}.css-a7htku:first-child{border-left:none;}.css-a7htku.desktop{display:none;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-a7htku.smartphone{display:none;}.css-a7htku.desktop{display:inline-block;}.css-a7htku.mobileOnly{display:none;}}.css-17ai7jg{color:#666;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;margin:10px 20px 0;text-align:left;}.css-17ai7jg a{color:#326891;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-17ai7jg a:hover,.css-17ai7jg a:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-17ai7jg{margin-left:0;}}.sizeSmall .css-17ai7jg{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;width:calc(50% - 15px);margin:auto 0 15px 15px;}@media (min-width:600px){.sizeSmall .css-17ai7jg{width:260px;margin-left:15px;}}@media (min-width:740px){.sizeSmall .css-17ai7jg{margin-left:15px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.sizeSmall .css-17ai7jg{width:330px;margin-left:15px;}}@media (max-width:600px){.sizeSmall .css-17ai7jg{margin:auto 0 0 15px;}}.sizeSmall.sizeSmallNoCaption .css-17ai7jg{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:10px;}.sizeMedium .css-17ai7jg{max-width:900px;}.sizeMedium.layoutVertical.verticalVideo .css-17ai7jg{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}@media (min-width:600px){.sizeMedium.layoutVertical.verticalVideo .css-17ai7jg{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;width:255px;margin:auto 0 15px 15px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.sizeMedium.layoutVertical.verticalVideo .css-17ai7jg{width:325px;}}.sizeLarge .css-17ai7jg{max-width:none;}@media (min-width:600px){.sizeLarge .css-17ai7jg{margin-left:20px;}}@media (min-width:740px){.sizeLarge .css-17ai7jg{margin-left:20px;max-width:900px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.sizeLarge .css-17ai7jg{margin-left:0;max-width:720px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.sizeLarge .css-17ai7jg{margin-left:0;max-width:900px;}}@media (min-width:740px){.sizeLarge.layoutVertical .css-17ai7jg{margin-left:0;}}.sizeFull .css-17ai7jg{margin-left:20px;}@media (min-width:600px){.sizeFull .css-17ai7jg{max-width:900px;}}@media (min-width:740px){.sizeFull .css-17ai7jg{max-width:900px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.sizeFull .css-17ai7jg{max-width:900px;}}@media print{.css-17ai7jg{display:none;}}.css-1q2w90k{opacity:1;visibility:visible;-webkit-animation-name:animation-5j8bii;animation-name:animation-5j8bii;-webkit-animation-duration:300ms;animation-duration:300ms;-webkit-animation-delay:0ms;animation-delay:0ms;-webkit-animation-timing-function:ease-out;animation-timing-function:ease-out;}@media print{.css-1q2w90k{display:none;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1q2w90k{position:fixed;width:100%;top:0;left:0;z-index:200;background-color:#fff;border-bottom:none;-webkit-transition:all 0.2s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.2s ease-in-out;}}.css-1vxca1d{position:relative;margin:0 auto;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1vxca1d{margin:0 auto 20px;}}.css-1vxca1d .relatedcoverage + .recirculation{margin-top:20px;}.css-1vxca1d .wrap + .recirculation{margin-top:20px;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1vxca1d{padding-top:40px;}}.css-lwgwj5{margin-top:1.5625rem;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-lwgwj5{margin-top:3.75rem;}}.css-lwgwj5 .e6idgb70{color:#121212;font-weight:700;line-height:0.75rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem;margin-top:0;}@media print{.css-lwgwj5 .e6idgb70{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-lwgwj5 .e1h9rw200{margin-bottom:1rem;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-lwgwj5 .e1h9rw200{position:relative;}}.css-lwgwj5 .ezdmqqa0{margin-bottom:3px;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-lwgwj5 .ezdmqqa0{margin-bottom:0;}}.css-lwgwj5 .e1wiw3jv0{color:#333;}.css-lwgwj5 .e16638kd0{display:inline-block;}.css-lwgwj5 .eakwutd0{margin-bottom:20px;color:#121212;}@media print{.css-lwgwj5 .eakwutd0{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-3snf05{color:#121212;font-family:nyt-cheltenham,georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;font-weight:700;font-style:italic;font-size:1.9375rem;line-height:2.25rem;margin:0 20px 1rem;position:relative;width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-3snf05{font-size:2.5rem;line-height:3rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-3snf05{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media print{.css-3snf05{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-3snf05{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-3snf05{width:600px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.css-3snf05{width:600px;max-width:600px;}}@media print{.css-3snf05{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-xt80pu{width:100%;width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-xt80pu{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-xt80pu{width:600px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.css-xt80pu{width:600px;max-width:600px;}}@media print{.css-xt80pu{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-1si6tjw{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;display:block;margin-bottom:1.875rem;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1si6tjw{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}}.css-cnj6d5{display:inline;color:#888;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;line-height:1.125rem;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.01em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.01em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.01em;letter-spacing:0.01em;font-size:0.75rem;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-cnj6d5{font-size:0.75rem;}}@media (min-width:1150px){.css-cnj6d5{font-size:0.8125rem;}}.css-158dogj{margin-bottom:0.78125rem;margin-top:0;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.5625rem;margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-158dogj{margin-bottom:0.9375rem;margin-top:0;}}.css-158dogj .css-1g7m0tk{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-158dogj .css-1g7m0tk:hover,.css-158dogj .css-1g7m0tk:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-158dogj{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;}}.css-158dogj:first-child{margin-top:0;}.css-158dogj:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}.css-158dogj.e1h9rw200:last-child{margin-bottom:0.75rem;}.css-158dogj.eoo0vm40:first-child{margin-top:0.8125rem;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-158dogj{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-158dogj{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}.css-158dogj.eoo0vm40:first-child{margin-top:1.1875rem;}}@media print{.css-158dogj{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-1w184yk{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;width:calc(100% - 40px);}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1w184yk{width:100%;}}.css-ecpe9w{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;color:#333;margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1rem;display:block;margin:0;margin-right:1rem;}html.DarkTheme .css-ecpe9w{color:#ccc;}</style> <script type="text/javascript"> // 34.64kB window.viHeadScriptSize = 34.64; window.NYTD = {}; window.vi = window.vi || {}; window.vi.pageType = { type: '', edge: 'vi-story'}; (function () { var _f=function(e){window.vi=window.vi||{},window.vi.env=Object.freeze(e)};;_f.apply(null, [{"JKIDD_PATH":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://a.nytimes.com/svc/nyt/data-layer","ET2_URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://a.et.nytimes.com","ALS_URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://als-svc.nytimes.com","WEDDINGS_PATH":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://content.api.nytimes.com","GDPR_PATH":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://us-central1-nyt-dsra-prd.cloudfunctions.net/datagov-dsr-formhandler","RECAPTCHA_SITEKEY":"6LevSGcUAAAAAF-7fVZF05VTRiXvBDAY4vBSPaTF","ABRA_ET_URL":"//web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://et.nytimes.com","NODE_ENV":"production","EXPERIMENTAL_ROUTE_PREFIX":"","ENVIRONMENT":"prd","RELEASE":"2facba8dde76bf9076e8b14737ce13ed5b59c759","AUTH_HOST":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://myaccount.nytimes.com","SWG_PUBLICATION_ID":"nytimes.com","GQL_FETCH_TIMEOUT":"4000","GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID":"1005640118348-amh5tgkq641oru4fbhr3psm3gt2tcc94.apps.googleusercontent.com","STORY_SURROGATE_CONTROL":"max-age=300, stale-if-error=259200, stale-while-revalidate=259200"}]); })();; try { var marks = ['first-paint', 'first-contentful-paint', 'userBtnRender', 'appRenderTime']; var observer = new window.PerformanceObserver(function(list) { var entries = list.getEntries(); for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; i += 1) { var entry = entries[i]; if (marks.indexOf(entry.name) > -1) { var performance = {}; performance[entry.name] = Math.round(entry.duration || entry.startTime); (window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []).push({ event: 'performance', pageview: { performance: performance, }, }); } } }); observer.observe({ entryTypes: ['mark', 'measure', 'paint'] }); } catch(e) {}; !function(c,e){var s,p,d,u,g,l=[], _="object"==typeof c.navigator&&"string"==typeof c.navigator.userAgent&&/iP(ad|hone|od)/.test( c.navigator.userAgent),f="object"==typeof c.navigator&&c.navigator.sendBeacon, v=f?_?"xhr_ios":"beacon":"xhr";function y(){var e,t,n=c.crypto||c.msCrypto;if(n)t=n.getRandomValues( new Uint8Array(18));else for(t=[];t.length<18;)t.push(256*Math.random()^255&(e=e||+new Date)), e=Math.floor(e/256);return btoa(String.fromCharCode.apply(String,t)).replace(/\+/g,"-").replace( /\//g,"_")}if(c.nyt_et)try{console.warn("et2 snippet should only load once per page")}catch(e ){}else c.nyt_et=function(){var e,t,n,i,o={pv_id:"",ctx_id:""},r=arguments;function a(o){l.length&&( function(e,t,n){if("beacon"===v||f&&o)return c.navigator.sendBeacon(e,t) ;var i="undefined"!=typeof XMLHttpRequest?new XMLHttpRequest:new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") ;i.open("POST",e),i.withCredentials=!0,i.setRequestHeader("Accept","*/*"), "string"==typeof t?i.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","text/plain;charset=UTF-8" ):"[object Blob]"==={}.toString.call(t)&&t.type&&i.setRequestHeader("Content-Type",t.type);try{ i.send(t)}catch(e){}}(s+"/track",JSON.stringify(l)),l.length=0,clearTimeout(g),g=null)}if( "string"==typeof r[0]&&/init/.test(r[0])&&(o=function(e,t){var n="",i="";if( "string"==typeof e&&"init"==e&&"object"==typeof t&&"string"==typeof t.pv_id_override&&"string"==typeof t.ctx_id_override )if(24<=t.pv_id_override.length&&24<=t.ctx_id_override.length)n=t.pv_id_override, i=t.ctx_id_override;else try{console.warn("override id(s) must be >= 24 chars long")}catch(e){} return{pv_id:n,ctx_id:i}}(r[0],r[3]),d=o.pv_id||y(),"init"==r[0]&&!p)){if(p=o.ctx_id||y(), "string"!=typeof r[1]||!/^http/.test(r[1]))throw new Error("init must include an et host url");if( s=String(r[1]).replace(/\/$/,""),"string"!=typeof r[2])throw new Error( "init must include a source app name");u=r[2]}r[r.length-1]&&"object"==typeof r[r.length-1]&&( e=r[r.length-1]),e||/init/.test(r[0])?e&&!e.subject&&console.warn( "event data {} must include a subject"):console.warn( "when invoked without 'init' or 'pageinit', nyt_et() must include a event data"),s&&e&&e.subject&&( t=e.subject,delete e.subject,i="page_exit"==t||"ob_click"==(e.eventData||{}).type, n="page"==t||"page_soft"==t?d:y(),l.push({context_id:p,pageview_id:d,event_id:n,client_lib:"v1.1.1", sourceApp:u,subject:t,how:i&&_&&f?"beacon_ios":v,client_ts:+new Date,data:JSON.parse(JSON.stringify( e))}),"send"==r[0]||n==d||i?a(i):g||(g=setTimeout(a,5500)))},c.nyt_et.get_pageview_id=function(){ return d},c.nyt_et.get_context_id=function(){return p}}(window); ; (function initWebUnifiedTracking(root) { var _root; root = root || (typeof window !== 'undefined' ? window : undefined); var UnifiedTracking = ((_root = root) === null || _root === void 0 ? void 0 : _root.UnifiedTracking) || {}; UnifiedTracking.context = 'web'; if (!root) { return UnifiedTracking; } root.UnifiedTracking = UnifiedTracking; UnifiedTracking.sendAnalytic = function sendAnalytic(eventName, dataBlob) { root.dataLayer = root.dataLayer || []; if (Array.isArray(root.dataLayer)) { // Don't use a spread operator here for babel reasons dataBlob.event = dataBlob.event || eventName; root.dataLayer.push(dataBlob); } return Promise.resolve({ success: true }); }; return UnifiedTracking; })(window); ;!function(r){var n,t;r=r||self,n=r.Abra,(t=r.Abra=function(){"use strict";var r=Array.isArray,n=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n),u=e[0],o=e[1];if(null==u||""===u)return n;for(var i=String(u).split("."),a=0;a<i.length&&(n=n[i[a]]);a++);return null==n&&(n=o),null!=n?n:null},t=function(r,n,t){return r(t,n).reduce((function(r,n){return parseFloat(r)+parseFloat(n)}),0)},e=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n);return e[0]/e[1]},u=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n);return e[0]%e[1]},o=function(r,n,t){return r(t,n).reduce((function(r,n){return parseFloat(r)*parseFloat(n)}),1)},i=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n),u=e[0],o=e[1];return void 0===o?-u:u-o};function a(n){return!(r(n)&&0===n.length||!n)}var f=function(r,n,t){for(var e,u=0;u<t.length;u++)if(!a(e=r(t[u],n)))return e;return e},c=function(r,n,t){var e;for(e=0;e<t.length-1;e+=2)if(a(r(t[e],n)))return r(t[e+1],n);return t.length===e+1?r(t[e],n):null},l=function(r,n,t){return!a(r(t,n)[0])},v=function(r,n,t){for(var e,u=0;u<t.length;u++)if(a(e=r(t[u],n)))return e;return e},d=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n);return e[0]===e[1]},s=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n);return e[0]!==e[1]},h=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n),u=e[0],o=e[1];return!(!o||void 0===o.indexOf)&&-1!==o.indexOf(u)},g=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n);return e[0]>e[1]},p=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n);return e[0]>=e[1]},b=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n),u=e[0],o=e[1],i=e[2];return void 0===i?u<o:u<o&&o<i},w=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n),u=e[0],o=e[1],i=e[2];return void 0===i?u<=o:u<=o&&o<=i},y=function(r,n,t){var e=t[0],u=t[1],o=t.slice(2),i=r(e,n);if(!i)return null;if(0===o.length)return null;if(1===o.length)return r(o[0],n);if(4294967295===o[0])return r(o[1],n);for(var a=function(r){var n,t,e,u,o,i=[],a=[t=1732584193,e=4023233417,~t,~e,3285377520],f=[],c=unescape(encodeURI(r))+"\x80",l=c.length;for(f[r=--l/4+2|15]=8*l;~l;)f[l>>2]|=c.charCodeAt(l)<<8*~l--;for(n=l=0;n<r;n+=16){for(t=a;l<80;t=[t[4]+(i[l]=l<16?~~f[n+l]:2*c|c<0)+1518500249+[e&u|~e&o,c=341275144+(e^u^o),882459459+(e&u|e&o|u&o),c+1535694389][l++/5>>2]+((c=t[0])<<5|c>>>27),c,e<<30|e>>>2,u,o])c=i[l-3]^i[l-8]^i[l-14]^i[l-16],e=t[1],u=t[2],o=t[3];for(l=5;l;)a[--l]+=t[l]}return a[0]>>>0}(i+" "+r(u,n));o.length>1;){var f=o.splice(0,2),c=f[0],l=f[1];if(a<=r(c,n))return r(l,n)}return 0===o.length?null:r(o[0],n)},k=function(r,n,t){var e=t[0],u=t[1],o=r(e,n);return null==o?null:new RegExp(u).test(o)};return function(a,m,O,A){void 0===a&&(a={}),void 0===m&&(m={}),void 0===O&&(O={}),void 0===A&&(A=!1);var j=function(){var r={},n=function(n){if(n)for(var t,e=decodeURIComponent(n[1]),u=/(?:^|,)([^,=]+)=([^,]*)/g;t=u.exec(e);){var o=t,i=o[1],a=o[2];r[i]=a||null}};n(document.cookie.match(/(?:^|;) *abra-overrides=([^;]+)/)),n(window.location.search.match(/(?:\?|&)abra-overrides=([^&]+)/));var t=/(?:^|;) *abra-nuke=true(?:;|$)/.test(document.cookie)||/(?:\?|&)abra-nuke=true(?:&|$)/.test(window.location.search);return[r,t]}(),x=j[0],E=j[1];Object.keys(O).forEach((function(r){x[r]=O[r]}));var F,C=A||E,R=(F={var:n,if:c,"===":d,"!==":s,and:f,or:v,"!":l,">":g,">=":p,"<":b,"<=":w,"+":t,"-":i,"*":o,"/":e,"%":u,in:h,abtest_partition:y,regex_match:k,ref:function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n)[0];return U(e)}},function n(t,e){if(e||(e={}),r(t))return t.map((function(r){return n(r,e)}));if(!function(n){return"object"==typeof n&&null!==n&&!r(n)&&1===Object.keys(n).length}(t))return t;var u=function(r){return Object.keys(r)[0]}(t),o=t[u];r(o)||(o=[o]);var i=F[u];if(!i)throw new Error("Unrecognized operation "+u);return i(n,e,o)}),U=function(r){if(!r)return null;var n=x[r];if(void 0===n){if(!C){if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(x,r))throw new Error("circular logic");x[r]=void 0,n=R(a[r],m)}void 0===n&&(n=null),x[r]=n}return n};return U}}()).noConflict=function(){return r.Abra=n,t}}(this); ;(function () { var NYTD="undefined"!=typeof window&&window.NYTD?window.NYTD:{};function setupTimeZone(){var e='[data-timezone][data-timezone~="'+(new Date).getHours()+'"] { display: block }',n=document.createElement("style");n.innerHTML=e,document.head.appendChild(n)}function getUserAgent(){return window.navigator.userAgent||window.navigator.vendor||window.opera||""}function userAgentIndicatesiOS(e){return-1!==e.indexOf("nytios")}function userAgentIndicatesAndroid(e){return-1!==e.indexOf("nyt_android")}function addNYTAppClass(){var e=getUserAgent(),n=userAgentIndicatesAndroid(e),t=userAgentIndicatesiOS(e);(n||t)&&(document.documentElement.classList.add("NYTApp"),document.documentElement.classList.add(t?"IOS":"ANDROID"))}function setupPageViewId(){NYTD.PageViewId={},NYTD.PageViewId.update=function(){return"undefined"!=typeof nyt_et&&"function"==typeof window.nyt_et.get_pageview_id?(window.nyt_et("pageinit"),NYTD.PageViewId.current=window.nyt_et.get_pageview_id()):NYTD.PageViewId.current="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx".replace(/[xy]/g,function(e){var n=16*Math.random()|0;return("x"===e?n:3&n|8).toString(16)}),NYTD.PageViewId.current}}var _f=function(){try{document.domain="nytimes.com"}catch(e){}window.swgUserInfoXhrObject=new XMLHttpRequest,setupPageViewId(),setupTimeZone(),addNYTAppClass(),window.nyt_et&&"function"==typeof window.nyt_et&&window.nyt_et("init",vi.env.ET2_URL,"nyt-vi",{subject:"page",canonicalUrl:(document.querySelector("link[rel=canonical]")||{}).href,articleId:(document.querySelector("meta[name=articleid]")||{}).content,nyt_uri:(document.querySelector("meta[name=nyt_uri]")||{}).content,pubpEventId:(document.querySelector("meta[name=pubp_event_id]")||{}).content,url:location.href,referrer:document.referrer||void 0,client_tz_offset:(new Date).getTimezoneOffset()}),"undefined"!=typeof nyt_et&&"function"==typeof window.nyt_et.get_pageview_id?NYTD.PageViewId.current=window.nyt_et.get_pageview_id():NYTD.PageViewId.update()};;_f.apply(null, []); })();;(function () { var NYTD="undefined"!=typeof window&&window.NYTD?window.NYTD:{};var _f=function(a){window.Abra&&"function"==typeof window.Abra&&(NYTD.Abra=function(e){var t=(e.document.cookie.match(/(?:^|;) *nyt-a=([^;]*)/)||[])[1],n=[];function r(a){return r.getAbraSync(a).variant}return e.dataLayer=e.dataLayer||[],r.config=a.abraConfig||{},r.reportedAllocations={},r.reportedExposures={},r.getAbraSync=function(a){var n=null,o=!1;try{n=e.Abra(r.config,{agent_id:t})(a),o=!0}catch(a){}return{variant:n,allocated:o}},r.reportExposure=function(a){var t=r.getAbraSync(a).variant;void 0!==r.reportedExposures[a]&&t===r.reportedExposures[a]||(r.reportedExposures[a]=t,e.dataLayer.push({event:"ab-expose",abtest:{test:a,variant:t||"0"}}))},Object.keys(r.config).forEach(function(a){var e=r.getAbraSync(a);e.allocated&&(r.reportedAllocations[a]=e.variant,n.push({test:a,variant:e.variant}))}),e.dataLayer.push({event:"ab-alloc",abtest:{batch:n}}),r}(this),"1_newPlacement"!==window.NYTD.Abra.getAbraSync("AUD_ShareToolsPlacement_0920").variant||window.location.pathname.includes("/opinion/")||document.documentElement.classList.add("AUD_ShareToolsPlacement_0920-1_newPlacement"))};;_f.apply(null, [{"abraConfig":{".ver":4364,"DFP_delayedAd_0820":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"DFP_delayedAd_0820"]},"styln-beirut":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-beirut",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"styln-trumps-taxes":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-trumps-taxes",42949672,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"styln_climate_keepup":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"styln-climate"},"1_Show"]},{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln_climate_keepup",1073741823,"0_control",4294967295,"1_variant"]}]},"styln-hong-kong":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-hong-kong",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"styln-thanksgiving":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-thanksgiving",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"styln-california-wildfires":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-california-wildfires",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"styln-coronavirus-vaccines":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-coronavirus-vaccines",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"MAPS_newsletterbuffet_elections":{"if":[{"and":[{"in":[{"var":"user_type"},["anon","regi"]]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MAPS_newsletterbuffet_elections",214748364,"0_Control",1181116005,"1_bottomofstory_algofirst",2147483647,"2_bottomofstory_algolast",4294967295,null]}]},"FREEX_Regi_Bundle_Sale":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"FREEX_Regi_Bundle_Sale",4294967295,"0_Sale"]},"styln-mars":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-mars",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"styln-nagorno-karabakh":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-nagorno-karabakh",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"ON_app_dl_mweb_hp_dummy":{"if":[{"and":[{"!":{"in":[{"var":"user_type"},["sub"]]}}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"ON_app_dl_mweb_hp_dummy",1073741823,"0_control",2147483647,"1_dock_std",3221225471,"2_dock_exp",4294967295,"3_custom_dock"]}]},"styln-isaias-storm":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-isaias-storm",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"styln-nobel-2020":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-nobel-2020",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"styln-jobs-crisis":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-jobs-crisis",128849018,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"styln-covid-treatments":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-covid-treatments",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"styln-climate":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-climate",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"styln-apple-5g-event":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-apple-5g-event",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"styln-coronavirus-schools-reopening":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]},{"===":[{"ref":"styln-coronavirus"},"1_Show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-coronavirus-schools-reopening",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"styln-coronavirus-es":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-coronavirus-es",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"dfp_1p_ver":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"dfp_1p_ver",1431512599,"0_control",2863025199,"1_bk",4294537798,"2_fp"]},"styln-kobe":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-kobe",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"styln-ada-at-30":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-ada-at-30",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"dfp_1p2":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"dfp_1p2",1431512599,"0_control",2863025199,"1_bk",4294537798,"2_fp"]},"MAPS_story_inlinesignup":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MAPS_story_inlinesignup",128849018,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_signup_logic"]},"styln-watch":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-watch",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"styln-supreme-court-nomination":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-supreme-court-nomination",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"styln-coronavirus":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-coronavirus",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"MAPS_newsletterbuffet_non_elections":{"if":[{"and":[{"in":[{"var":"user_type"},["anon","regi"]]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MAPS_newsletterbuffet_non_elections",429496729,"0_Control",2362232012,"1_bottomofstory_algofirst",4294967295,"2_bottomofstory_algolast"]}]},"styln-elections-2020-voting":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]},{"===":[{"ref":"styln-elections-2020"},"1_Show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-elections-2020-voting",429496729,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"styln-suffrage-at-100":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-suffrage-at-100",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"STORY_topical_recirc":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STORY_topical_recirc",2147483647,"0_control",4294967295,"1_variant"]},"DFP_als_home":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"DFP_als_home",4294967295,"1_als"]},"SA_sub_onboarding_MVP_0820":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"SA_sub_onboarding_MVP_0820",2147483647,"0_control",4294967295,"1_sub_flow"]},"STYLN_election_2020_alerts":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_election_2020_alerts",214748364,"0_hide",4294967295,"1_show"]},"MKT_first_party_data_survey_subs_inline":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MKT_first_party_data_survey_subs_inline",4080218930,"0_control",4294967295,"1_survey"]},"STYLN_liveblog_email":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_liveblog_email",2147483647,"0_control",4294967295,"1_signup"]},"STYLN_pharmacy_components":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_pharmacy_components",4080218930,"show",4123168603,"hide",4294967295,"show"]},"STYLN_live_transition_alerts":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_live_transition_alerts",214748364,"0_hide",4294967295,"1_show"]},"STYLN_daily_question_block":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_daily_question_block",644245093,"0_control",1288490188,"1_variant"]},"STYLN_feedback_form":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_feedback_form",3006477106,"0_control_feedback_form",4294967295,"1_feedback_form"]},"STYLN_lb_newposts":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_lb_newposts",4080218930,"0_control",4294967295,"1_lb_newposts"]},"MKT_dfp_hd_paywall_zip":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MKT_dfp_hd_paywall_zip",2147483647,"0_control",4294967295,"1_zip"]},"STYLN_live_newupdates":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_live_newupdates",214748364,"control",4294967295,"variant"]},"SA_Referral_DFP_April2020_Test":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"SA_Referral_DFP_April2020_Test",2147483647,"1_yellow_evergreen",4294967295,"2_yellow_moment"]},"SEARCH_FACET_DROPDOWN":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"SEARCH_FACET_DROPDOWN",2147483647,"0_FACET_MULTI_SELECT",4294967295,"1_DYNAMIC_FACET_SELECT"]},"InvolChurn_CopyUpdate":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"InvolChurn_CopyUpdate",2147483647,"0_control",4294967295,"1_concisemessage"]},"MKT_first_party_data_survey":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MKT_first_party_data_survey",3865470565,"0_control",4294967295,"1_survey"]},"MKT_not_ready_to_sub_survey":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MKT_not_ready_to_sub_survey",4209067949,"0_control",4294967295,"1_survey"]},"MKT_DFP_ods":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MKT_DFP_ods",214748364,"0_control",2147483647,"1_test",4294967295,"2_test"]},"DFP_amzn":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"DFP_amzn",42949672,"0_control",429496729,"0_control",472446402,"1_amzn_fast_fetch",515396075,"2_adslot_priority",901943131,"2_adslot_priority",944892804,"3_no_mnet"]},"MKT_dfp_intl_pricing_med_conv":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MKT_dfp_intl_pricing_med_conv",1431655764,"0_control",2863311530,"1_50cents",4294967295,"2_75cents"]},"MAPS_algorithmicOnboardingInterestCollection_0820":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"var":"user_type"},"regi"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MAPS_algorithmicOnboardingInterestCollection_0820",2147483647,null,2860448218,"0_control",4294967295,"2_algo_after_newsletters"]}]},"HOME_timesExclusive":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"HOME_timesExclusive",2147483647,"0_control",4294967295,"1_variant"]},"DFP_als":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"DFP_als",4294967295,"1_als"]},"SA_Referral_iframe_0520":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"SA_Referral_iframe_0520",4294967295,"1_useiframe"]},"STYLN_live_covid_markets_push":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_live_covid_markets_push",214748364,"0_hide",1288490188,"1_show",4294967295,"1_show"]},"vi-ads-et":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"vi-ads-et",257698037,"2_remainder"]},"STORY_intentional_links_v1":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STORY_intentional_links_v1",4294967295,"0_control"]},"INBOX_individualpage_redesign":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"INBOX_individualpage_redesign",4294967295,"0_control"]},"STYLN_embedded_hub":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_embedded_hub",3865470565,"0_control",4080218930,"1_modal",4294967295,"2_footer"]},"STYLN_live_updates":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_live_updates",214748364,"0_control",429496729,"2_live_updates",4294967295,"1_live_updates"]},"MKT_first_party_data_survey_regi_dock":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MKT_first_party_data_survey_regi_dock",4209067949,"0_control",4252017622,"1_survey",4294967295,"0_control"]},"DFP_mt":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"DFP_mt",1932735282,"0_control",3865470565,"1_mt",4294967295,"2_hdt"]},"STYLN_homepage_service_module":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_homepage_service_module",85899345,"show",171798691,"hide"]},"MKT_timeout_pw_intl_0620":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MKT_timeout_pw_intl_0620",4294967295,"1_noreauth"]},"STYLN_live_conventions_push":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_live_conventions_push",429496729,"0_hide",1503238553,"1_show",1687492650,"0_hide",2147483647,"1_show",2761234474,"0_hide",4294967295,"1_show"]},"MC_DFP_topbar_bar_regi_1019":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MC_DFP_topbar_bar_regi_1019",4294967295,"0_control"]},"MKT_timeout_pw_0520":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MKT_timeout_pw_0520",4294967295,"1_noreauth"]},"MKT_first_party_data_survey_subs_dock":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MKT_first_party_data_survey_subs_dock",3435973836,"0_control",3478923509,"1_survey",4294967295,"0_control"]},"STYLN_coronavirus_briefing_alerts":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_coronavirus_briefing_alerts",1073741823,"control",3221225471,"variant",3578996247,"control",4294967295,"variant"]},"STYLN_elections_notifications":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_elections_notifications",42949672,"0_control",4294967295,"1_elections_notifications"]},"STYLN_remove_relatedlinks":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_remove_relatedlinks",4252017622,"0_control_STYLN_remove_relatedlinks",4294967295,"1_remove_relatedlinks"]},"STYLN_fr_recirc_quantity_desktop":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_fr_recirc_quantity_desktop",1073741823,"0_control_fr_recirc_quantity_desktop",2147483647,"1_fr_recirc_quantity_desktop",3221225471,"2_fr_recirc_quantity_desktop",4294967295,"3_fr_recirc_quantity_desktop"]},"STYLN_live_polling_push":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_live_polling_push",214748364,"0_hide",4294967295,"1_show"]},"MC_DFP_topbar_bar_anon_1019":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MC_DFP_topbar_bar_anon_1019",4294967295,"0_control"]},"MKT_intl_price_exp":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MKT_intl_price_exp",2147483647,"0_control",4294967295,"1_monthly_exp"]},"MKT_first_party_data_survey_regi_inline":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MKT_first_party_data_survey_regi_inline",4080218930,"0_control",4294967295,"1_survey"]},"MKT_dfp_intl_pricing_low_conv":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MKT_dfp_intl_pricing_low_conv",1431655764,"0_control",2863311530,"1_25cents",4294967295,"2_50cents"]},"dfp_adslot4v2":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"dfp_adslot4v2",4294967295,"1_external"]},"dfp_messaging_flexframe_ctr":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"dfp_messaging_flexframe_ctr",322122546,"2_noheadnosummary",644245093,"1_msgInv_noCTA",4294967295,"0_control"]},"styln-trump-coronavirus":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-trump-coronavirus",85899345,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"ON_app_dl_mweb_hp_regi_final":{"if":[{"and":[{"!":{"in":[{"var":"user_type"},["sub"]]}}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"ON_app_dl_mweb_hp_regi_final",214748364,"0_control",4294967295,"0_control"]}]},"STYLN_coronavirus_economy_menu":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_coronavirus_economy_menu",3221225471,"0_control_normal_menu",4294967295,"1_economy_menu"]}]},"FREEX_Time_Bound_Pricing":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"FREEX_Time_Bound_Pricing",4294967295,"4_sale_today"]},"styln-google-antitrust":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-google-antitrust",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"styln_coronavirus_reopening_keepup":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln_coronavirus_reopening_keepup",2147483647,"0_control_hide_reopening_keepup",4294967295,"1_reopening_keepup"]},"styln-elections-es":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-elections-es",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"STYLN_elevate_series_collections":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_elevate_series_collections",2147483647,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_elevate_series_collections"]},"styln-rbg":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-rbg",85899345,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"STYLN_live_barrett_hearings_alerts":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_live_barrett_hearings_alerts",214748364,"0_hide",2147483647,"1_show",2362232012,"0_hide",4294967295,"1_show"]},"STYLN_more_in_storylines_recirc":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_more_in_storylines_recirc",42949672,"0_control",85899345,"1_variant"]},"styln-hurricanes":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-hurricanes",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"dfp_MWTest":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"dfp_MWTest",4294967295,"2_vendorB"]},"styln-juneteenth":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-juneteenth",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"MKT_dfp_KMB":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MKT_dfp_KMB",644245093,"0_control",4294967295,"1_test"]},"ON_testIgnoreMe_0902":{"if":[{"and":[{"!":{"in":[{"var":"user_type"},["sub"]]}}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"ON_testIgnoreMe_0902",2147483647,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_variant"]}]},"styln-sports-reopening":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-sports-reopening",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"styln-george-floyd":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-george-floyd",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]},"styln-elections-2020":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"STYLN_pharmacy_components"},"show"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"styln-elections-2020",214748364,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Show"]}]}}}]); })();;(function () { var _f=function(e){var r=function(){var r=e.url;try{r+=window.location.search.slice(1).split("&").reduce(function(e,r){return"ip-override"===r.split("=")[0]?"?"+r:e},"")}catch(e){console.warn(e)}var n=new XMLHttpRequest;for(var t in n.withCredentials=!0,n.open("POST",r,!0),n.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/json"),e.headers)n.setRequestHeader(t,e.headers[t]);return n.send(e.body),n};window.userXhrObject=r(),window.userXhrRefresh=function(){return window.userXhrObject=r(),window.userXhrObject}};;_f.apply(null, [{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://samizdat-graphql.nytimes.com/graphql/v2","body":"{\"operationName\":\"UserQuery\",\"variables\":{},\"query\":\" query UserQuery { user { __typename profile { displayName email } userInfo { regiId entitlements demographics { emailSubscriptions wat bundleSubscriptions { bundle inGrace promotion source } } } subscriptionDetails { graceStartDate graceEndDate isFreeTrial hasQueuedSub startDate endDate status entitlements } } } \"}","headers":{"nyt-app-type":"project-vi","nyt-app-version":"0.0.5","nyt-token":"MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAs+/oUCTBmD/cLdmcecrnBMHiU/pxQCn2DDyaPKUOXxi4p0uUSZQzsuq1pJ1m5z1i0YGPd1U1OeGHAChWtqoxC7bFMCXcwnE1oyui9G1uobgpm1GdhtwkR7ta7akVTcsF8zxiXx7DNXIPd2nIJFH83rmkZueKrC4JVaNzjvD+Z03piLn5bHWU6+w+rA+kyJtGgZNTXKyPh6EC6o5N+rknNMG5+CdTq35p8f99WjFawSvYgP9V64kgckbTbtdJ6YhVP58TnuYgr12urtwnIqWP9KSJ1e5vmgf3tunMqWNm6+AnsqNj8mCLdCuc5cEB74CwUeQcP2HQQmbCddBy2y0mEwIDAQAB"}}]); })();;(function () { var registry=window._interactiveRegistry={};function getId(t){for(;(t=t.parentElement)&&!t.matches("[data-sourceid].interactive-body"););return t?t.getAttribute("data-sourceid"):null}window.registerInteractive=function(t){var e={_subs:{cleanup:[],remount:[]},id:t,on:function(t,r){return this._subs[t].push(r),e}};registry[t]=e},window.getInteractiveBridge=function(t){var e="string"==typeof t?t:getId(t);return registry[e]}; })();;(function () { function swgDataLayer(e){return!!window.dataLayer&&((window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[]).push({event:"impression",module:e}),!0)}function checkSwgOptOut(){if(!window.localStorage)return!1;var e=window.localStorage.getItem("nyt-swgOptOut");if(!e)return!1;var t=parseInt(e,10);return((new Date).getTime()-t)/864e5<1||(window.localStorage.removeItem("nyt-swgOptOut"),!1)}function swgDeferredAccount(e,t){return e.completeDeferredAccountCreation({entitlements:t,consent:!1}).then(function(e){var t=vi.env.AUTH_HOST+"/svc/account/auth/v1/swg-dal-web",n=e.purchaseData.raw.data?e.purchaseData.raw.data:e.purchaseData.raw,o=JSON.parse(n),a={package_name:o.packageName,product_id:o.productId,purchase_token:o.purchaseToken,google_id_token:e.userData.idToken,google_user_email:e.userData.email,google_user_id:e.userData.id,google_user_name:e.userData.name},r=new XMLHttpRequest;r.withCredentials=!0,r.open("POST",t,!0),r.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/json"),r.send(JSON.stringify(a)),r.onload=function(){200===r.status?(swgDataLayer({name:"swg",context:"Deferred",label:"Seamless Signin",region:"swg-modal"}),e.complete().then(function(){window.location.reload(!0)})):(e.complete(),window.location=encodeURI(vi.env.AUTH_HOST+"/get-started/swg-link?redirect="+encodeURIComponent(window.location.href)))}}).catch(function(){return!!window.localStorage&&(!window.localStorage.getItem("nyt-swgOptOut")&&(window.localStorage.setItem("nyt-swgOptOut",(new Date).getTime()),!0))}),!0}function hasLogoutCookie(){var e=document.cookie.match("(^|;) ?nyt-auth-action=([^;]*)(;|$)")||null;return e&&"logout"===e[2]}function loginWithGoogle(){return"undefined"!=typeof window&&(-1===document.cookie.indexOf("NYT-S")&&(!0!==checkSwgOptOut()&&(!!window.SWG&&((window.SWG=window.SWG||[]).push(function(e){return e.init(vi.env.SWG_PUBLICATION_ID),!0!==hasLogoutCookie()&&(e.getEntitlements().then(function(t){if(void 0===t||!t.raw)return!1;window.SwGEntitlement=!0;var n={entitlements_token:t.raw};return window.swgUserInfoXhrObject.withCredentials=!0,window.swgUserInfoXhrObject.open("POST",vi.env.AUTH_HOST+"/svc/account/auth/v1/login-swg-web",!0),window.swgUserInfoXhrObject.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/json"),window.swgUserInfoXhrObject.send(JSON.stringify(n)),window.swgUserInfoXhrObject.onload=function(){switch(window.swgUserInfoXhrObject.status){case 200:return swgDataLayer({name:"swg",context:"Seamless",label:"Seamless Signin",region:"login"}),window.location.reload(!0),!0;case 412:return swgDeferredAccount(e,t);default:return!1}},t}).catch(function(){return!1}),!0)}),!0))))}var _f=function(){if(window.swgUserInfoXhrObject.checkSwgResponse=!1,window.SwGEntitlement=!1,-1===document.cookie.indexOf("NYT-S")){var e=document.createElement("script");e.src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://news.google.com/swg/js/v1/swg.js",e.setAttribute("subscriptions-control","manual"),e.setAttribute("async",!0),e.onload=function(){loginWithGoogle()},document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(e)}};;_f.apply(null, []); })(); </script> <script>!function(e){function t(t){for(var n,a,i=t[0],l=t[1],f=t[2],c=0,s=[];c<i.length;c++)a=i[c],Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(o,a)&&o[a]&&s.push(o[a][0]),o[a]=0;for(n in l)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(l,n)&&(e[n]=l[n]);for(p&&p(t);s.length;)s.shift()();return u.push.apply(u,f||[]),r()}function r(){for(var e,t=0;t<u.length;t++){for(var r=u[t],n=!0,i=1;i<r.length;i++){var l=r[i];0!==o[l]&&(n=!1)}n&&(u.splice(t--,1),e=a(a.s=r[0]))}return e}var n={},o={54:0},u=[];function a(t){if(n[t])return n[t].exports;var r=n[t]={i:t,l:!1,exports:{}};return e[t].call(r.exports,r,r.exports,a),r.l=!0,r.exports}a.m=e,a.c=n,a.d=function(e,t,r){a.o(e,t)||Object.defineProperty(e,t,{enumerable:!0,get:r})},a.r=function(e){"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},a.t=function(e,t){if(1&t&&(e=a(e)),8&t)return e;if(4&t&&"object"==typeof e&&e&&e.__esModule)return e;var r=Object.create(null);if(a.r(r),Object.defineProperty(r,"default",{enumerable:!0,value:e}),2&t&&"string"!=typeof e)for(var n in e)a.d(r,n,function(t){return e[t]}.bind(null,n));return r},a.n=function(e){var t=e&&e.__esModule?function(){return e.default}:function(){return e};return a.d(t,"a",t),t},a.o=function(e,t){return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t)},a.p="/vi-assets/static-assets/";var i=window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[],l=i.push.bind(i);i.push=t,i=i.slice();for(var f=0;f<i.length;f++)t(i[f]);var p=l;r()}([]); //# sourceMappingURL=runtime~adslot-cf656654d46f9fe3f35c.js.map</script> <script async src="/web/20201122222243js_/https://www.nytimes.com/vi-assets/static-assets/adslot-1def20289b66f41d612f.js"></script> <script data-rh="true" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","description":"","image":[{"@context":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/http://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://static01.nyt.com/vi-assets/images/share/1200x675_nameplate.png","height":675,"width":1200},{"@context":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/http://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://static01.nyt.com/vi-assets/images/share/1200x900_t.png","height":900,"width":1200},{"@context":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/http://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://static01.nyt.com/vi-assets/images/share/1200x1200_t.png","height":1200,"width":1200}],"mainEntityOfPage":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/1861/04/29/archives/how-to-deal-with-treason.html","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/1861/04/29/archives/how-to-deal-with-treason.html","author":{"@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/#publisher"},"dateModified":"1861-04-29T05:00:00.000Z","datePublished":"1861-04-29T05:00:00.000Z","headline":"How to Deal With Treason.","publisher":{"@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/#publisher"},"copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/#publisher"},"sourceOrganization":{"@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/#publisher"},"copyrightYear":2020,"isAccessibleForFree":false,"hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","isAccessibleForFree":false,"cssSelector":".meteredContent"},"isPartOf":{"@type":["CreativeWork","Product"],"name":"The New York Times","productID":"nytimes.com:basic"}}</script><script data-rh="true" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/http://schema.org","@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","name":"The New York Times","logo":{"@context":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/http://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://static01.nyt.com/images/misc/NYT_logo_rss_250x40.png","height":40,"width":250},"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/#publisher","diversityPolicy":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytco.com/diversity-and-inclusion-at-the-new-york-times/","ethicsPolicy":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytco.com/who-we-are/culture/standards-and-ethics/","masthead":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/09/08/admin/the-new-york-times-masthead.html","foundingDate":"1851-09-18","sameAs":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times"}</script><script data-rh="true"> if (typeof testCookie === 'undefined') { var testCookie = function (name) { var match = document.cookie.match(new RegExp(name + '=([^;]+)')); if (match) return match[1]; } } </script><script data-rh="true">if (window.NYTD && window.NYTD.Abra && window.NYTD.Abra('dfp_story_toggle') !== '1_block') { function placeGpt() { var purrCookie = testCookie('nyt-purr'); if (purrCookie && purrCookie.substring(4, 5) === 's' || purrCookie && purrCookie.substring(4, 5) === 'a' ) return; var gptScript = document.createElement('script'); gptScript.async = 'async'; gptScript.src = '//web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js'; document.head.appendChild(gptScript); } placeGpt(); }</script><script data-rh="true">if (window.NYTD && window.NYTD.Abra && window.NYTD.Abra('dfp_story_toggle') !== '1_block') { var purrCookie = testCookie('nyt-purr'); var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; if (purrCookie && purrCookie.substring(4, 5) === 'n') { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().setRequestNonPersonalizedAds(1); }); } }</script><script data-rh="true">if (window.NYTD && window.NYTD.Abra && window.NYTD.Abra('dfp_story_toggle') !== '1_block') { (function () { var _f=function(){var t,e,o=50,n=50;function i(t){if(!document.getElementById("3pCheckIframeId")){if(t||(t=1),!document.body){if(t>o)return;return t+=1,setTimeout(i.bind(null,t),n)}var e,a,r;e="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://static01.nyt.com/ads/tpc-check.html",a=document.body,(r=document.createElement("iframe")).src=e,r.id="3pCheckIframeId",r.style="display:none;",r.height=0,r.width=0,a.insertBefore(r,a.firstChild)}}function a(t){if("https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://static01.nyt.com"===t.origin)try{"3PCookieSupported"===t.data&&googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cookie","true")}),"3PCookieNotSupported"===t.data&&googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cookie","false")})}catch(t){}}function r(){if(function(){if(Object.prototype.toString.call(window.HTMLElement).indexOf("Constructor")>0)return!0;if("[object SafariRemoteNotification]"===(!window.safari||safari.pushNotification).toString())return!0;try{return window.localStorage&&/Safari/.test(window.navigator.userAgent)}catch(t){return!1}}()){try{window.openDatabase(null,null,null,null)}catch(e){return t(),!0}try{localStorage.length?e():(localStorage.x=1,localStorage.removeItem("x"),e())}catch(o){navigator.cookieEnabled?t():e()}return!0}}!function(){try{googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cookie","unknown")})}catch(t){}}(),t=function(){try{googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cookie","private")})}catch(t){}}||function(){},e=function(){window.addEventListener("message",a,!1),i(0)}||function(){},function(){if(window.webkitRequestFileSystem)return window.webkitRequestFileSystem(window.TEMPORARY,1,e,t),!0}()||r()||function(){if(!window.indexedDB&&(window.PointerEvent||window.MSPointerEvent))return t(),!0}()||e()};;_f.apply(null, []); })(); }</script><script data-rh="true" id="als-svc">if (window.NYTD && window.NYTD.Abra && window.NYTD.Abra('als_toggle') !== '1_block') { (function () { var _f=function(e){let t=()=>{var e=new Date,t=e.getFullYear();return e.getMonth()<9&&(t+="0"),t+=e.getMonth()+1,e.getDate()<10&&(t+="0"),t+=e.getDate(),e.getHours()<10&&(t+="0"),t+=e.getHours(),e.getMinutes()<10&&(t+="0"),t+=e.getMinutes(),e.getSeconds()<10&&(t+="0"),t+e.getSeconds()};window.googletag=window.googletag||{},googletag.cmd=googletag.cmd||[];let a=new URLSearchParams(location.search).get("alice_rules_test");var n,o=new XMLHttpRequest,l=window.vi.env.ALS_URL,i=document.querySelector('[name="nyt_uri"]');if("/"===location.pathname){var s=encodeURIComponent("https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/pages/index.html");n="uri="+s}else if(void 0===i||""===i||null===i){var r=e||location.protocol+"//"+location.hostname+location.pathname;n="url="+encodeURIComponent(r)}else{s=encodeURIComponent(i.content);n="uri="+s}var d=document.querySelector('[name="template"]'),g=document.querySelector('[name="prop"]'),c=document.querySelector('[name="plat"]'),u=null==d||null==d.content?"":d.content,m=null==g||null==g.content?"nyt":g.content,w=null==c||null==c.content?"web":c.content;window.innerWidth<740&&(m="mnyt",w="mweb");var _=window.localStorage.getItem("als_test_clientside"),p=null;window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){var e=_&&0!==_.length?_:"empty_empty_empty_empty_empty_"+t(),a=p||e;googletag.pubads().setTargeting("als_test_clientside",a)});var v=window.localStorage.getItem("mktg"),b=null;window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){var e=b||v;e&&googletag.pubads().setTargeting("mktg",e)});var f=window.localStorage.getItem("bt"),y=null;window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){var e=y||f;e&&googletag.pubads().setTargeting("bt",e)});var h=window.localStorage.getItem("adv_segments"),U=null;window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){var e=U||h;e&&googletag.pubads().setTargeting("btlg",e)});var L=window.localStorage.getItem("sub"),S=null;window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){var e=S||L;e&&googletag.pubads().setTargeting("sub",e)}),n=null==a?n:n+"&alice_rules_test="+a,o.open("GET",l+"/als?"+n+"&typ="+u+"&prop="+m+"&plat="+w,!0),o.withCredentials=!0,o.send(),o.onerror=function(){var e="reqfailed_reqfailed_reqfailed_reqfailed_reqfailed_"+t();p=e,window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting("als_test_clientside",e)});var a={event:"impression",module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-reqfail-"+n}};(window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[]).push(a)},o.onreadystatechange=function(){if(4===o.readyState)if(200===o.status){var e=new Date,a=JSON.parse(o.responseText);p=a.als_test_clientside&&0!==a.als_test_clientside.length?a.als_test_clientside:"bou_bou_bou_bou_bou_"+t(),void 0!==a.User&&(void 0!==a.User.mktg&&(b=a.User.mktg,window.localStorage.setItem("mktg",a.User.mktg)),void 0!==a.User.bt&&(y=a.User.bt,window.localStorage.setItem("bt",a.User.bt)),void 0!==a.User.adv_segments&&(U=a.User.adv_segments,window.localStorage.setItem("adv_segments",a.User.adv_segments)),void 0!==a.User.sub&&(S=a.User.sub,window.localStorage.setItem("sub",a.User.sub))),window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){if(a.als_test_clientside&&0!==a.als_test_clientside.length){var n=(new Date).getTime()-e.getTime()+"_server_server_server_server_20200326152254";googletag.pubads().setTargeting("als_test_clientside",n),window.localStorage.setItem("als_test_clientside","ls-"+a.als_test_clientside)}else{var o=void 0===a.als_test_clientside?"undefined_undefined_undefined_undefined_undefined_"+t():"blank_blank_blank_blank_blank_"+t();googletag.pubads().setTargeting("als_test_clientside",o);var l={event:"impression",module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-test-client-undefined"}};(window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[]).push(l)}if(void 0!==a.User){if(b)googletag.pubads().setTargeting("mktg",b);else{l={event:"impression",module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-mktg-undefined"}};(window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[]).push(l)}if(y)googletag.pubads().setTargeting("bt",y);else{l={event:"impression",module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-bt-undefined"}};(window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[]).push(l)}if(U)googletag.pubads().setTargeting("btlg",U);else{l={event:"impression",module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-btlg-undefined"}};(window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[]).push(l)}if(S)googletag.pubads().setTargeting("sub",S);else{l={event:"impression",module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-sub-undefined"}};(window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[]).push(l)}(a.User.lucidC1||a.User.lucidC2||a.User.lucidC3||a.User.lucidC4||a.User.lucidC5)&&dataLayer.push({event:"lucidtest",c1_val:a.User.lucidC1,c2_val:a.User.lucidC2,c3_val:a.User.lucidC3,c4_val:a.User.lucidC4,c5_val:a.User.lucidC5})}else{l={event:"impression",module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-user-undefined"}};(window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[]).push(l)}})}else{o.responseText.substring(0,40);var l="error_error_"+o.status+"_error_error_"+t();window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting("als_test_clientside",l)});var i={event:"impression",module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-ajaxreq-"+o.status+"-"+n}};(window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[]).push(i)}}};;_f.apply(null, [null]); })(); }</script><script data-rh="true" id="adslot-config">(function() { if (!window.NYTD || !window.NYTD.Abra) { return; } var AdSlot4=function(){"use strict";function G(n,e,o){var i=document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],t=document.createElement("script");e&&(t.onload=e),o&&(t.onerror=o),t.src=n,t.async=!0,i.appendChild(t)}function I(n){var e=document.cookie.match(new RegExp("".concat(n,"=([^;]+)")));return e?e[1]:""}var n={adConfigPosition:5,full:"f",restrictedDataProcessing:"r",nonPersonalized:"n",collapsed:"c",adLuce:"a",socrates:"s"};function C(){return(I("nyt-purr")[n.adConfigPosition]||"")===n.full}var a=[{id:"dfp-ad-top",sizes:{large:[[728,90],[970,90],[970,250]],medium:[[728,90],[300,250]],small:[[300,250],[300,420]]}},{id:"top",sizes:{large:[[728,90],[970,90],[970,250]],medium:[[728,90],[300,250]],small:[[300,250],[300,420]]}}];var e={32074718:"Amazon",4792640386:"Google Ad Exchange (PubMatic EBDA)",21966278:"Google Ad Exchange",4558311760:"Google Ad Exchange (Rubicon EBDA)",4552626466:"Non-guaranteed Preferred Deal",4400775978:"Google Ad Exchange (OpenX EBDA)",39318518:"Google Ad Exchange (Index EBDA",4874174581:"Google Ad Exchange (Verizon EBDA)",33597638:"OpenX",38636678:"AppNexus",38637278:"Media.net",33597998:"Rubicon Project"};return function(){var D=window.AdSlot4||{};D.cmd=D.cmd||[];var z=!1;if(D.loadScripts)return D;var o,t=window.innerWidth;function k(){G("https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://nytimes.com/ads/google/dfp.min.js",function(){document.getElementById("adBlockCheck")||D.cmd.push(function(){D.events.publish({name:"AdEmpty",value:{type:"AdBlockOn"}})})},function(){D.cmd.push(function(){D.events.publish({name:"AdEmpty",value:{type:"AdBlockOn"}})})})}function d(i){D.events.subscribe({name:"AdDefined",scope:"all",callback:function(n){var o,e=[-1];n.sizes.forEach(function(n){n[0]<t&&n[0]>e[0]&&(e=[n])}),e[0][1]&&window.apstag.fetchBids({slots:[{slotID:n.truePosition||n.id,slotName:"".concat(n.truePosition||n.id,"_").concat(i,"_web"),sizes:(o=e[0][1],Array.isArray(o)?[[300,250],[728,90],[970,90],[970,250]].filter(function(e){return o.some(function(n){return n[0]===e[0]&&n[1]===e[1]})}):(console.warn("filterSizes() did not receive an array"),[]))}]},function(){window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){window.apstag.setDisplayBids()})})}})}function P(n,e){"art, oak"!==n&&"art,oak"!==n||(n="art"),D.cmd.push(function(){var i,t;e&&window.apstag.fetchBids({slots:(i=o,t=n,a.reduce(function(n,e){var o={slotID:e.id,slotName:"".concat(e.id,"_").concat(t,"_web"),sizes:e.sizes[i]};return n.push(o),n},[]))},function(){window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){window.apstag.setDisplayBids()})}),d(n)})}function _(){var n=Object.keys(e).reduce(function(n,e){return n[e]=!0,n},{});"undefined"!=typeof window&&window.document&&window.document.createElement&&(window.grumi={key:"b3960cc6-bfd2-4adc-910c-6e917e8a6a0e",cfg:{advs:n}});G("//web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://rumcdn.geoedge.be/b3960cc6-bfd2-4adc-910c-6e917e8a6a0e/grumi-ip.js",function(){},function(){console.error("failed to load geo edge script in ad experience ab test")})}return t<=600?o="small":t<=740?o="medium":740<t&&(o="large"),D.loadScripts=function(n){var e,o,i,t,d,a,c,s=n||{},r=s.loadMnet,u=void 0===r||r,l=s.loadAmazon,w=void 0===l||l,p=s.setFastFetch,f=void 0!==p&&p,m=s.loadBait,g=void 0===m||m,v=s.loadGeoEdge,h=void 0===v||v,A=s.section,B=void 0===A?"none":A,y=s.pageViewId,x=void 0===y?"":y,b=s.pageType,E=void 0===b?"":b;z||("1"!==I("nyt-gdpr")&&(e=document.referrer||"",!((o=/([a-zA-Z0-9_\-.]+)(@|%40)([a-zA-Z0-9_\-.]+).([a-zA-Z]{2,5})/).test(e)||o.test(window.location.href)))&&C()&&(h&&!window.grumi&&_(),!u||window.advBidxc&&window.advBidxc.isLoaded||(a=x,c="8CU2553YN",window.innerWidth<740&&(c="8CULO58R6"),G("https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://contextual.media.net/bidexchange.js?cid=".concat(c,"&dn=").concat("www.nytimes.com","&https=1"),function(){window.advBidxc&&window.advBidxc.isLoaded||console.warn("Media.net not loading properly")},function(){D.cmd.push(function(){D.events.publish({name:"BidderError",value:{type:"Mnet"}})})}),window.advBidxc=window.advBidxc||{},window.advBidxc.renderAd=function(){},window.advBidxc.startTime=(new Date).getTime(),window.advBidxc.customerId={mediaNetCID:c},window.advBidxc.misc={isGptDisabled:1},a&&(window.advBidxc.misc.keywords=a)),w&&!window.apstag&&(i=B,t=E,d=f,function(o,i){function n(n,e){i[o]._Q.push([n,e])}i[o]||(i[o]={init:function(){n("i",arguments)},fetchBids:function(){n("f",arguments)},setDisplayBids:function(){},targetingKeys:function(){return[]},_Q:[]})}("apstag",window),G("//web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js",function(){window.apstag||console.warn("A9 not loading properly")},function(){D.cmd.push(function(){D.events.publish({name:"BidderError",value:{type:"A9"}})})}),window.apstag.init({pubID:"3030",adServer:"googletag",params:{si_section:i}}),P(t,d))),g&&k(),z=!0)},window.AdSlot4=D}()}(); AdSlot4.loadScripts({ loadMnet: window.NYTD.Abra('medianet_story_toggle') !== '1_block', loadAmazon: window.NYTD.Abra('amazon_story_toggle') !== '1_block', setFastFetch: true, section: 'archives', pageType: 'art', pageViewId: window.NYTD.PageViewId.current, loadGeoEdge: window.NYTD.Abra('geoedge_toggle') !== '1_block', }); (function () { var _f=function(e){var o=performance.navigation&&1===performance.navigation.type;function n(){return window.matchMedia("(max-width: 739px)").matches}function r(e){var r,t,i,d,a,w,p=function(){var e=window.userXhrObject&&""!==window.userXhrObject.responseText&&JSON.parse(window.userXhrObject.responseText).data||null,o=null;return e&&e.user&&e.user.userInfo&&(o=e.user.userInfo.demographics),o}();return p&&(t=e,d=(r=p)&&r.emailSubscriptions,(a=r&&r.bundleSubscriptions)&&t&&(d&&d.length&&(t.em=d.toString().toLowerCase()),r.wat&&(t.wat=r.wat.toLowerCase()),a&&a.length&&a[0].bundle&&((i=a[0]).source&&(t.subsrc=i.source.toLowerCase()),i.promotion&&(t.subprm=i.promotion),i.in_grace&&(t.grace=i.in_grace.toString()))),e=t),n()?(e.prop="mnyt",e.plat="mweb",e.ver="mvi"):(e.prop="nyt",e.plat="web",e.ver="vi"),"/es/"===window.location.pathname.substring(0,4)&&(e.prop="esnyt",e.edn="es",n()&&(e.prop="mesnyt")),"hp"===e.typ&&(document.referrer&&(e.topref=document.referrer),o&&(e.refresh="manual")),e.abra_dfp=(w=window.NYTD&&window.NYTD.Abra)&&w.config?Object.keys(w.config).reduce(function(e,o){const n=o.toLowerCase(),r=w.getAbraSync&&w.getAbraSync(o)||{};if((n.indexOf("dfp")>-1||o.indexOf("redbird")>-1)&&r.variant){var t=n+"_"+r.variant.toLowerCase();e.push(t)}return e},[]):"",e.page_view_id=window.NYTD.PageViewId&&window.NYTD.PageViewId.current,e.sov=function(){const e=(Math.floor(4*Math.random())+1).toString();return window.sov?window.sov:(window.sov=e,window.sov)}(),e}var t=e||{},i=t.adTargeting||{},d=t.adUnitPath||"/29390238/nyt/homepage",a=t.offset||400,w=t.hideTopAd||n(),p=t.lockdownAds||!1,s=t.sizeMapping||{top:[[970,["fluid",[728,90],[970,90],[970,250],[1605,300]]],[728,["fluid",[728,90],[1605,300]]],[0,[]]],fp1:[[0,[[195,250],[215,270]]]],fp2:[[0,[[195,250],[215,270]]]],fp3:[[0,[[195,250],[215,270]]]],feat1:[[0,["fluid"]]],feat2:[[0,["fluid"]]],feat3:[[0,["fluid"]]],feat4:[[0,["fluid"]]],interstitial:[[0,[[1,1],[640,480]]]],mktg:[[1020,[300,250]],[0,[]]],pencil:[[728,[[336,46]],[0,[]]]],pp_edpick:[[0,["fluid"]]],pp_morein:[[0,["fluid"],[210,218]]],ribbon:[[0,["fluid"]]],sponsor:[[765,[150,50]],[0,[320,25]]],supplemental:[[1020,[[300,250],[300,600]]],[0,[]]],chat:[[0,[[300,250],[300,420]]]],column:[[0,[[300,250],[300,420]]]],default:[[970,["fluid",[728,90],[970,90],[970,250],[1605,300]]],[728,["fluid",[728,90],[300,250],[1605,300]]],[0,["fluid",[300,250],[300,420]]]]},u=t.dfpToggleName||"dfp_home_toggle",f=t.lazyApi||{};window.AdSlot4=window.AdSlot4||{},window.AdSlot4.cmd=window.AdSlot4.cmd||[],window.AdSlot4.cmd.push(function(){var e,o,n;window.AdSlot4.init({adTargeting:r(i),adUnitPath:d,sizeMapping:s,offset:a,haltDFP:"1_block"===window.NYTD.Abra(u),hideTopAd:w,lockdownAds:p,lazyApi:(e=f,o=e&&e.fetch&&e.render?e:{},n=window.NYTD&&window.NYTD.Abra&&window.NYTD.Abra("dfp_lazy5"),n&&e[n]&&(o=e[n],window.NYTD.Abra.reportExposure("dfp_lazy5")),o)}),window.NYTD.Abra.reportExposure("dfp_adslot4v2")})};;_f.apply(null, [{"adTargeting":{"edn":"us","test":"projectvi","ver":"vi","template":"article","hasVideo":"false","vp":"small","als_test":"1606083762052","prop":"mnyt","plat":"mweb","brandsensitive":"false","artlen":"short","ledemedsz":"none","typ":"art","section":"archives","si_section":"archives","id":"1861042900077973310","gscat":"neg_chanel,neg_mastercard,neg_hearts,neg_msft,neg_ibmtest,gs_politics,gs_politics_misc,gv_safe,gs_t"},"adUnitPath":"/29390238/nyt/archives","dfpToggleName":"dfp_story_toggle"}]); })(); })(); </script> </head> <body> <div id="app"><div><div class=""><div><div class="NYTAppHideMasthead css-1q2w90k e1suatyy0"><header class="css-1bymuyk e1suatyy1"><section class="css-ui9rw0 e1suatyy2"><div class="css-eph4ug er09x8g0"><div class="css-6n7j50"><button aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Sections Navigation & Search" class="er09x8g1 css-1uqx5yl" data-testid="nav-button" type="button"><svg class="css-1fe7a5q" viewbox="0 0 16 16"><rect x="1" y="3" fill="#333" width="14" height="2"></rect><rect x="1" y="7" fill="#333" width="14" height="2"></rect><rect x="1" y="11" fill="#333" width="14" height="2"></rect></svg></button></div><button id="desktop-sections-button" data-testid="desktop-section-button" aria-label="Sections Navigation" class="css-1o0yzqm er09x8g2"><span class="css-1dv1kvn">Sections</span><svg class="css-1fe7a5q" viewbox="0 0 16 16"><rect x="1" y="3" fill="#333" width="14" height="2"></rect><rect x="1" y="7" fill="#333" width="14" height="2"></rect><rect x="1" y="11" fill="#333" width="14" height="2"></rect></svg></button><div class="css-10488qs"><button class="css-fnhm75 ewfai8r0" data-test-id="search-button"><span class="css-1dv1kvn">SEARCH</span><svg class="css-1fe7a5q" viewbox="0 0 16 16"><path fill="#333" d="M11.3,9.2C11.7,8.4,12,7.5,12,6.5C12,3.5,9.5,1,6.5,1S1,3.5,1,6.5S3.5,12,6.5,12c1,0,1.9-0.3,2.7-0.7l3.3,3.3c0.3,0.3,0.7,0.4,1.1,0.4s0.8-0.1,1.1-0.4c0.6-0.6,0.6-1.5,0-2.1L11.3,9.2zM6.5,10.3c-2.1,0-3.8-1.7-3.8-3.8c0-2.1,1.7-3.8,3.8-3.8c2.1,0,3.8,1.7,3.8,3.8C10.3,8.6,8.6,10.3,6.5,10.3z"></path></svg></button></div><a class="css-1f8er69" href="#site-content">Skip to content</a><a class="css-1f8er69" href="#site-index">Skip to site index</a></div><div class="css-10698na e1huz5gh0"><a data-testid="masthead-mobile-logo" aria-label="New York Times Logo. Click to visit the homepage" class="css-t66y1h e1huz5gh1" href="/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/"><svg viewbox="0 0 184 25" fill="#000"><path d="M13.8 2.9c0-2-1.9-2.5-3.4-2.5v.3c.9 0 1.6.3 1.6 1 0 .4-.3 1-1.2 1-.7 0-2.2-.4-3.3-.8C6.2 1.4 5 1 4 1 2 1 .6 2.5.6 4.2c0 1.5 1.1 2 1.5 2.2l.1-.2c-.2-.2-.5-.4-.5-1 0-.4.4-1.1 1.4-1.1.9 0 2.1.4 3.7.9 1.4.4 2.9.7 3.7.8v3.1L9 10.2v.1l1.5 1.3v4.3c-.8.5-1.7.6-2.5.6-1.5 0-2.8-.4-3.9-1.6l4.1-2V6l-5 2.2C3.6 6.9 4.7 6 5.8 5.4l-.1-.3c-3 .8-5.7 3.6-5.7 7 0 4 3.3 7 7 7 4 0 6.6-3.2 6.6-6.5h-.2c-.6 1.3-1.5 2.5-2.6 3.1v-4.1l1.6-1.3v-.1l-1.6-1.3V5.8c1.5 0 3-1 3-2.9zm-8.7 11l-1.2.6c-.7-.9-1.1-2.1-1.1-3.8 0-.7 0-1.5.2-2.1l2.1-.9v6.2zm10.6 2.3l-1.3 1 .2.2.6-.5 2.2 2 3-2-.1-.2-.8.5-1-1V9.4l.8-.6 1.7 1.4v6.1c0 3.8-.8 4.4-2.5 5v.3c2.8.1 5.4-.8 5.4-5.7V9.3l.9-.7-.2-.2-.8.6-2.5-2.1L18.5 9V.8h-.2l-3.5 2.4v.2c.4.2 1 .4 1 1.5l-.1 11.3zM34 15.1L31.5 17 29 15v-1.2l4.7-3.2v-.1l-2.4-3.6-5.2 2.8v6.6l-1 .8.2.2.9-.7 3.4 2.5 4.5-3.6-.1-.4zm-5-1.7V8.5l.2-.1 2.2 3.5-2.4 1.5zM53.1 2c0-.3-.1-.6-.2-.9h-.2c-.3.8-.7 1.2-1.7 1.2-.9 0-1.5-.5-1.9-.9l-2.9 3.3.2.2 1-.9c.6.5 1.1.9 2.5 1v8.3L44 3.2c-.5-.8-1.2-1.9-2.6-1.9-1.6 0-3 1.4-2.8 3.6h.3c.1-.6.4-1.3 1.1-1.3.5 0 1 .5 1.3 1v3.3c-1.8 0-3 .8-3 2.3 0 .8.4 2 1.6 2.3v-.2c-.2-.2-.3-.4-.3-.7 0-.5.4-.9 1.1-.9h.5v4.2c-2.1 0-3.8 1.2-3.8 3.2 0 1.9 1.6 2.8 3.4 2.7v-.2c-1.1-.1-1.6-.6-1.6-1.3 0-.9.6-1.3 1.4-1.3.8 0 1.5.5 2 1.1l2.9-3.2-.2-.2-.7.8c-1.1-1-1.7-1.3-3-1.5V5l8 14h.6V5c1.5-.1 2.9-1.3 2.9-3zm7.3 13.1L57.9 17l-2.5-2v-1.2l4.7-3.2v-.1l-2.4-3.6-5.2 2.8v6.6l-1 .8.2.2.9-.7 3.4 2.5 4.5-3.6-.1-.4zm-5-1.7V8.5l.2-.1 2.2 3.5-2.4 1.5zM76.7 8l-.7.5-1.9-1.6-2.2 2 .9.9v7.5l-2.4-1.5V9.6l.8-.5-2.3-2.2-2.2 2 .9.9V17l-.3.2-2.1-1.5v-6c0-1.4-.7-1.8-1.5-2.3-.7-.5-1.1-.8-1.1-1.5 0-.6.6-.9.9-1.1v-.2c-.8 0-2.9.8-2.9 2.7 0 1 .5 1.4 1 1.9s1 .9 1 1.8v5.8l-1.1.8.2.2 1-.8 2.3 2 2.5-1.7 2.8 1.7 5.3-3.1V9.2l1.3-1-.2-.2zm18.6-5.5l-1 .9-2.2-2-3.3 2.4V1.6h-.3l.1 16.2c-.3 0-1.2-.2-1.9-.4l-.2-13.5c0-1-.7-2.4-2.5-2.4s-3 1.4-3 2.8h.3c.1-.6.4-1.1 1-1.1s1.1.4 1.1 1.7v3.9c-1.8.1-2.9 1.1-2.9 2.4 0 .8.4 2 1.6 2V13c-.4-.2-.5-.5-.5-.7 0-.6.5-.8 1.3-.8h.4v6.2c-1.5.5-2.1 1.6-2.1 2.8 0 1.7 1.3 2.9 3.3 2.9 1.4 0 2.6-.2 3.8-.5 1-.2 2.3-.5 2.9-.5.8 0 1.1.4 1.1.9 0 .7-.3 1-.7 1.1v.2c1.6-.3 2.6-1.3 2.6-2.8s-1.5-2.4-3.1-2.4c-.8 0-2.5.3-3.7.5-1.4.3-2.8.5-3.2.5-.7 0-1.5-.3-1.5-1.3 0-.8.7-1.5 2.4-1.5.9 0 2 .1 3.1.4 1.2.3 2.3.6 3.3.6 1.5 0 2.8-.5 2.8-2.6V3.7l1.2-1-.2-.2zm-4.1 6.1c-.3.3-.7.6-1.2.6s-1-.3-1.2-.6V4.2l1-.7 1.4 1.3v3.8zm0 3c-.2-.2-.7-.5-1.2-.5s-1 .3-1.2.5V9c.2.2.7.5 1.2.5s1-.3 1.2-.5v2.6zm0 4.7c0 .8-.5 1.6-1.6 1.6h-.8V12c.2-.2.7-.5 1.2-.5s.9.3 1.2.5v4.3zm13.7-7.1l-3.2-2.3-4.9 2.8v6.5l-1 .8.1.2.8-.6 3.2 2.4 5-3V9.2zm-5.4 6.3V8.3l2.5 1.8v7.1l-2.5-1.7zm14.9-8.4h-.2c-.3.2-.6.4-.9.4-.4 0-.9-.2-1.1-.5h-.2l-1.7 1.9-1.7-1.9-3 2 .1.2.8-.5 1 1.1v6.3l-1.3 1 .2.2.6-.5 2.4 2 3.1-2.1-.1-.2-.9.5-1.2-1V9c.5.5 1.1 1 1.8 1 1.4.1 2.2-1.3 2.3-2.9zm12 9.6L123 19l-4.6-7 3.3-5.1h.2c.4.4 1 .8 1.7.8s1.2-.4 1.5-.8h.2c-.1 2-1.5 3.2-2.5 3.2s-1.5-.5-2.1-.8l-.3.5 5 7.4 1-.6v.1zm-11-.5l-1.3 1 .2.2.6-.5 2.2 2 3-2-.2-.2-.8.5-1-1V.8h-.1l-3.6 2.4v.2c.4.2 1 .3 1 1.5v11.3zM143 2.9c0-2-1.9-2.5-3.4-2.5v.3c.9 0 1.6.3 1.6 1 0 .4-.3 1-1.2 1-.7 0-2.2-.4-3.3-.8-1.3-.4-2.5-.8-3.5-.8-2 0-3.4 1.5-3.4 3.2 0 1.5 1.1 2 1.5 2.2l.1-.2c-.3-.2-.6-.4-.6-1 0-.4.4-1.1 1.4-1.1.9 0 2.1.4 3.7.9 1.4.4 2.9.7 3.7.8V9l-1.5 1.3v.1l1.5 1.3V16c-.8.5-1.7.6-2.5.6-1.5 0-2.8-.4-3.9-1.6l4.1-2V6l-5 2.2c.5-1.3 1.6-2.2 2.6-2.9l-.1-.2c-3 .8-5.7 3.5-5.7 6.9 0 4 3.3 7 7 7 4 0 6.6-3.2 6.6-6.5h-.2c-.6 1.3-1.5 2.5-2.6 3.1v-4.1l1.6-1.3v-.1L140 8.8v-3c1.5 0 3-1 3-2.9zm-8.7 11l-1.2.6c-.7-.9-1.1-2.1-1.1-3.8 0-.7.1-1.5.3-2.1l2.1-.9-.1 6.2zm12.2-12h-.1l-2 1.7v.1l1.7 1.9h.2l2-1.7v-.1l-1.8-1.9zm3 14.8l-.8.5-1-1V9.3l1-.7-.2-.2-.7.6-1.8-2.1-2.9 2 .2.3.7-.5.9 1.1v6.5l-1.3 1 .1.2.7-.5 2.2 2 3-2-.1-.3zm16.7-.1l-.7.5-1.1-1V9.3l1-.8-.2-.2-.8.7-2.3-2.1-3 2.1-2.3-2.1L154 9l-1.8-2.1-2.9 2 .1.3.7-.5 1 1.1v6.5l-.8.8 2.3 1.9 2.2-2-.9-.9V9.3l.9-.6 1.5 1.4v6l-.8.8 2.3 1.9 2.2-2-.9-.9V9.3l.8-.5 1.6 1.4v6l-.7.7 2.3 2.1 3.1-2.1v-.3zm8.7-1.5l-2.5 1.9-2.5-2v-1.2l4.7-3.2v-.1l-2.4-3.6-5.2 2.8v6.8l3.5 2.5 4.5-3.6-.1-.3zm-5-1.7V8.5l.2-.1 2.2 3.5-2.4 1.5zm14.1-.9l-1.9-1.5c1.3-1.1 1.8-2.6 1.8-3.6v-.6h-.2c-.2.5-.6 1-1.4 1-.8 0-1.3-.4-1.8-1L176 9.3v3.6l1.7 1.3c-1.7 1.5-2 2.5-2 3.3 0 1 .5 1.7 1.3 2l.1-.2c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.4-.8 0-.3.4-.8 1.2-.8 1 0 1.6.7 1.9 1l4.3-2.6v-3.6h-.1zm-1.1-3c-.7 1.2-2.2 2.4-3.1 3l-1.1-.9V8.1c.4 1 1.5 1.8 2.6 1.8.7 0 1.1-.1 1.6-.4zm-1.7 8c-.5-1.1-1.7-1.9-2.9-1.9-.3 0-1.1 0-1.9.5.5-.8 1.8-2.2 3.5-3.2l1.2 1 .1 3.6z"></path></svg></a></div></section><section id="masthead-bar-one" class="hasLinks css-1r0gz1j e1csuq9d3"><div><div class="css-9b35cd e1csuq9d0"></div><div class="css-1bvtpon e1csuq9d2"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/section/todayspaper" class="css-hnzl8o">Today鈥檚 Paper</a></div></div><div class="css-9e9ivx"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://myaccount.nytimes.com/auth/login?response_type=cookie&client_id=vi" data-testid="login-link" class="css-1k0lris"></a></div></section></header></div></div><div aria-hidden="false"><main id="site-content"><div><div class="css-1aor85t" style="opacity:0.000000001;z-index:-1;visibility:hidden"><div class="css-1hqnpie"><div class="css-epjblv"><span class="css-17xtcya"><a>Archives</a></span><span class="css-x15j1o">|</span><span class="css-fwqvlz">How to Deal With Treason.</span></div><div class="css-k008qs"><div class="css-1iwv8en"><a href="/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/"><svg class="css-1tel06d" viewbox="0 0 16 22"><path d="M15.863 13.08c-.687 1.818-1.923 3.147-3.64 3.916v-3.917l2.129-1.958-2.129-1.889V6.505c1.923-.14 3.228-1.609 3.228-3.358C15.45.84 13.32 0 12.086 0c-.275 0-.55 0-.962.14v.14h.481c.824 0 1.51.42 1.51 1.189 0 .63-.48 1.189-1.304 1.189-2.129 0-4.6-1.749-7.279-1.749C2.13.91.481 2.728.481 4.546c0 1.819 1.03 2.448 2.128 2.798v-.14c-.343-.21-.618-.63-.618-1.189 0-.84.756-1.469 1.648-1.469 2.267 0 5.906 1.959 8.172 1.959h.206v2.727l-2.129 1.889 2.13 1.958v3.987c-.894.35-1.786.49-2.748.49-3.502 0-5.768-2.169-5.768-5.806 0-.839.137-1.678.344-2.518l1.785-.769v7.973l3.57-1.608V6.575L3.984 8.953c.55-1.61 1.648-2.728 2.953-3.358v-.07C3.433 6.295 0 9.023 0 13.08c0 4.686 3.914 7.974 8.446 7.974 4.807 0 7.485-3.288 7.554-7.974h-.137z" fill="#000"></path></svg></a><span class="css-18z7m18"><a href="/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/" data-testid="masthead-logo" aria-label="New York Times Logo. Click to visit the homepage"><svg class="css-12fr9lp" viewbox="0 0 184 25" fill="#000"><path d="M13.8 2.9c0-2-1.9-2.5-3.4-2.5v.3c.9 0 1.6.3 1.6 1 0 .4-.3 1-1.2 1-.7 0-2.2-.4-3.3-.8C6.2 1.4 5 1 4 1 2 1 .6 2.5.6 4.2c0 1.5 1.1 2 1.5 2.2l.1-.2c-.2-.2-.5-.4-.5-1 0-.4.4-1.1 1.4-1.1.9 0 2.1.4 3.7.9 1.4.4 2.9.7 3.7.8v3.1L9 10.2v.1l1.5 1.3v4.3c-.8.5-1.7.6-2.5.6-1.5 0-2.8-.4-3.9-1.6l4.1-2V6l-5 2.2C3.6 6.9 4.7 6 5.8 5.4l-.1-.3c-3 .8-5.7 3.6-5.7 7 0 4 3.3 7 7 7 4 0 6.6-3.2 6.6-6.5h-.2c-.6 1.3-1.5 2.5-2.6 3.1v-4.1l1.6-1.3v-.1l-1.6-1.3V5.8c1.5 0 3-1 3-2.9zm-8.7 11l-1.2.6c-.7-.9-1.1-2.1-1.1-3.8 0-.7 0-1.5.2-2.1l2.1-.9v6.2zm10.6 2.3l-1.3 1 .2.2.6-.5 2.2 2 3-2-.1-.2-.8.5-1-1V9.4l.8-.6 1.7 1.4v6.1c0 3.8-.8 4.4-2.5 5v.3c2.8.1 5.4-.8 5.4-5.7V9.3l.9-.7-.2-.2-.8.6-2.5-2.1L18.5 9V.8h-.2l-3.5 2.4v.2c.4.2 1 .4 1 1.5l-.1 11.3zM34 15.1L31.5 17 29 15v-1.2l4.7-3.2v-.1l-2.4-3.6-5.2 2.8v6.6l-1 .8.2.2.9-.7 3.4 2.5 4.5-3.6-.1-.4zm-5-1.7V8.5l.2-.1 2.2 3.5-2.4 1.5zM53.1 2c0-.3-.1-.6-.2-.9h-.2c-.3.8-.7 1.2-1.7 1.2-.9 0-1.5-.5-1.9-.9l-2.9 3.3.2.2 1-.9c.6.5 1.1.9 2.5 1v8.3L44 3.2c-.5-.8-1.2-1.9-2.6-1.9-1.6 0-3 1.4-2.8 3.6h.3c.1-.6.4-1.3 1.1-1.3.5 0 1 .5 1.3 1v3.3c-1.8 0-3 .8-3 2.3 0 .8.4 2 1.6 2.3v-.2c-.2-.2-.3-.4-.3-.7 0-.5.4-.9 1.1-.9h.5v4.2c-2.1 0-3.8 1.2-3.8 3.2 0 1.9 1.6 2.8 3.4 2.7v-.2c-1.1-.1-1.6-.6-1.6-1.3 0-.9.6-1.3 1.4-1.3.8 0 1.5.5 2 1.1l2.9-3.2-.2-.2-.7.8c-1.1-1-1.7-1.3-3-1.5V5l8 14h.6V5c1.5-.1 2.9-1.3 2.9-3zm7.3 13.1L57.9 17l-2.5-2v-1.2l4.7-3.2v-.1l-2.4-3.6-5.2 2.8v6.6l-1 .8.2.2.9-.7 3.4 2.5 4.5-3.6-.1-.4zm-5-1.7V8.5l.2-.1 2.2 3.5-2.4 1.5zM76.7 8l-.7.5-1.9-1.6-2.2 2 .9.9v7.5l-2.4-1.5V9.6l.8-.5-2.3-2.2-2.2 2 .9.9V17l-.3.2-2.1-1.5v-6c0-1.4-.7-1.8-1.5-2.3-.7-.5-1.1-.8-1.1-1.5 0-.6.6-.9.9-1.1v-.2c-.8 0-2.9.8-2.9 2.7 0 1 .5 1.4 1 1.9s1 .9 1 1.8v5.8l-1.1.8.2.2 1-.8 2.3 2 2.5-1.7 2.8 1.7 5.3-3.1V9.2l1.3-1-.2-.2zm18.6-5.5l-1 .9-2.2-2-3.3 2.4V1.6h-.3l.1 16.2c-.3 0-1.2-.2-1.9-.4l-.2-13.5c0-1-.7-2.4-2.5-2.4s-3 1.4-3 2.8h.3c.1-.6.4-1.1 1-1.1s1.1.4 1.1 1.7v3.9c-1.8.1-2.9 1.1-2.9 2.4 0 .8.4 2 1.6 2V13c-.4-.2-.5-.5-.5-.7 0-.6.5-.8 1.3-.8h.4v6.2c-1.5.5-2.1 1.6-2.1 2.8 0 1.7 1.3 2.9 3.3 2.9 1.4 0 2.6-.2 3.8-.5 1-.2 2.3-.5 2.9-.5.8 0 1.1.4 1.1.9 0 .7-.3 1-.7 1.1v.2c1.6-.3 2.6-1.3 2.6-2.8s-1.5-2.4-3.1-2.4c-.8 0-2.5.3-3.7.5-1.4.3-2.8.5-3.2.5-.7 0-1.5-.3-1.5-1.3 0-.8.7-1.5 2.4-1.5.9 0 2 .1 3.1.4 1.2.3 2.3.6 3.3.6 1.5 0 2.8-.5 2.8-2.6V3.7l1.2-1-.2-.2zm-4.1 6.1c-.3.3-.7.6-1.2.6s-1-.3-1.2-.6V4.2l1-.7 1.4 1.3v3.8zm0 3c-.2-.2-.7-.5-1.2-.5s-1 .3-1.2.5V9c.2.2.7.5 1.2.5s1-.3 1.2-.5v2.6zm0 4.7c0 .8-.5 1.6-1.6 1.6h-.8V12c.2-.2.7-.5 1.2-.5s.9.3 1.2.5v4.3zm13.7-7.1l-3.2-2.3-4.9 2.8v6.5l-1 .8.1.2.8-.6 3.2 2.4 5-3V9.2zm-5.4 6.3V8.3l2.5 1.8v7.1l-2.5-1.7zm14.9-8.4h-.2c-.3.2-.6.4-.9.4-.4 0-.9-.2-1.1-.5h-.2l-1.7 1.9-1.7-1.9-3 2 .1.2.8-.5 1 1.1v6.3l-1.3 1 .2.2.6-.5 2.4 2 3.1-2.1-.1-.2-.9.5-1.2-1V9c.5.5 1.1 1 1.8 1 1.4.1 2.2-1.3 2.3-2.9zm12 9.6L123 19l-4.6-7 3.3-5.1h.2c.4.4 1 .8 1.7.8s1.2-.4 1.5-.8h.2c-.1 2-1.5 3.2-2.5 3.2s-1.5-.5-2.1-.8l-.3.5 5 7.4 1-.6v.1zm-11-.5l-1.3 1 .2.2.6-.5 2.2 2 3-2-.2-.2-.8.5-1-1V.8h-.1l-3.6 2.4v.2c.4.2 1 .3 1 1.5v11.3zM143 2.9c0-2-1.9-2.5-3.4-2.5v.3c.9 0 1.6.3 1.6 1 0 .4-.3 1-1.2 1-.7 0-2.2-.4-3.3-.8-1.3-.4-2.5-.8-3.5-.8-2 0-3.4 1.5-3.4 3.2 0 1.5 1.1 2 1.5 2.2l.1-.2c-.3-.2-.6-.4-.6-1 0-.4.4-1.1 1.4-1.1.9 0 2.1.4 3.7.9 1.4.4 2.9.7 3.7.8V9l-1.5 1.3v.1l1.5 1.3V16c-.8.5-1.7.6-2.5.6-1.5 0-2.8-.4-3.9-1.6l4.1-2V6l-5 2.2c.5-1.3 1.6-2.2 2.6-2.9l-.1-.2c-3 .8-5.7 3.5-5.7 6.9 0 4 3.3 7 7 7 4 0 6.6-3.2 6.6-6.5h-.2c-.6 1.3-1.5 2.5-2.6 3.1v-4.1l1.6-1.3v-.1L140 8.8v-3c1.5 0 3-1 3-2.9zm-8.7 11l-1.2.6c-.7-.9-1.1-2.1-1.1-3.8 0-.7.1-1.5.3-2.1l2.1-.9-.1 6.2zm12.2-12h-.1l-2 1.7v.1l1.7 1.9h.2l2-1.7v-.1l-1.8-1.9zm3 14.8l-.8.5-1-1V9.3l1-.7-.2-.2-.7.6-1.8-2.1-2.9 2 .2.3.7-.5.9 1.1v6.5l-1.3 1 .1.2.7-.5 2.2 2 3-2-.1-.3zm16.7-.1l-.7.5-1.1-1V9.3l1-.8-.2-.2-.8.7-2.3-2.1-3 2.1-2.3-2.1L154 9l-1.8-2.1-2.9 2 .1.3.7-.5 1 1.1v6.5l-.8.8 2.3 1.9 2.2-2-.9-.9V9.3l.9-.6 1.5 1.4v6l-.8.8 2.3 1.9 2.2-2-.9-.9V9.3l.8-.5 1.6 1.4v6l-.7.7 2.3 2.1 3.1-2.1v-.3zm8.7-1.5l-2.5 1.9-2.5-2v-1.2l4.7-3.2v-.1l-2.4-3.6-5.2 2.8v6.8l3.5 2.5 4.5-3.6-.1-.3zm-5-1.7V8.5l.2-.1 2.2 3.5-2.4 1.5zm14.1-.9l-1.9-1.5c1.3-1.1 1.8-2.6 1.8-3.6v-.6h-.2c-.2.5-.6 1-1.4 1-.8 0-1.3-.4-1.8-1L176 9.3v3.6l1.7 1.3c-1.7 1.5-2 2.5-2 3.3 0 1 .5 1.7 1.3 2l.1-.2c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.4-.8 0-.3.4-.8 1.2-.8 1 0 1.6.7 1.9 1l4.3-2.6v-3.6h-.1zm-1.1-3c-.7 1.2-2.2 2.4-3.1 3l-1.1-.9V8.1c.4 1 1.5 1.8 2.6 1.8.7 0 1.1-.1 1.6-.4zm-1.7 8c-.5-1.1-1.7-1.9-2.9-1.9-.3 0-1.1 0-1.9.5.5-.8 1.8-2.2 3.5-3.2l1.2 1 .1 3.6z"></path></svg></a></span></div><span class="css-1n6z4y">https://nyti.ms/1kfag5R</span><div class="css-1705lsu"><div class="css-4xjgmj"><div role="toolbar" aria-label="Social Media Share buttons, Save button, and Comments Panel with current comment count" class="css-4skfbu" data-testid="share-tools"><ul class="css-y8aj3r"><li class="fb-share-item css-ol3tqt"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.facebook.com/dialog/feed?app_id=9869919170&link=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1861%2F04%2F29%2Farchives%2Fhow-to-deal-with-treason.html%3Fsmid%3Dfb-share&name=How%20to%20Deal%20With%20Treason.&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2F" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" aria-label="Share on Facebook"><svg class="css-1us72gc" viewbox="0 0 7 15" width="7" height="15"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.775 14.163V7.08h1.923l.255-2.441H4.775l.004-1.222c0-.636.06-.977.958-.977H6.94V0H5.016c-2.31 0-3.123 1.184-3.123 3.175V4.64H.453v2.44h1.44v7.083h2.882z" fill="#000"></path></svg></a></li><li class="twitter-share-item css-ol3tqt"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1861%2F04%2F29%2Farchives%2Fhow-to-deal-with-treason.html%3Fsmid%3Dtw-share&text=How%20to%20Deal%20With%20Treason." target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" aria-label="Share on Twitter"><svg viewbox="0 0 13 10" class="css-1us72gc" width="13" height="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.987 2.772l.025.425-.429-.052c-1.562-.2-2.927-.876-4.086-2.011L.93.571.784.987c-.309.927-.111 1.906.533 2.565.343.364.266.416-.327.2-.206-.07-.386-.122-.403-.096-.06.06.146.85.309 1.161.223.434.678.858 1.176 1.11l.42.199-.497.009c-.481 0-.498.008-.447.19.172.564.85 1.162 1.606 1.422l.532.182-.464.277a4.833 4.833 0 0 1-2.3.641c-.387.009-.704.044-.704.07 0 .086 1.047.572 1.657.762 1.828.564 4 .32 5.631-.641 1.159-.685 2.318-2.045 2.859-3.363.292-.702.583-1.984.583-2.6 0-.398.026-.45.507-.927.283-.277.55-.58.6-.667.087-.165.078-.165-.36-.018-.73.26-.832.226-.472-.164.266-.278.584-.78.584-.928 0-.026-.129.018-.275.096a4.79 4.79 0 0 1-.755.294l-.464.148-.42-.286C9.66.467 9.335.293 9.163.24 8.725.12 8.055.137 7.66.276c-1.074.39-1.752 1.395-1.674 2.496z" fill="#000"></path></svg></a></li><li class="email-share-item css-ol3tqt"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/mailto:/?subject=NYTimes.com%3A%20How%20to%20Deal%20With%20Treason.&body=From%20The%20New%20York%20Times%3A%0A%0AHow%20to%20Deal%20With%20Treason.%0A%0A%0A%0Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1861%2F04%2F29%2Farchives%2Fhow-to-deal-with-treason.html%3Fsmid%3Dem-share" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" aria-label="Email"><svg viewbox="0 0 15 9" class="css-1us72gc" width="15" height="9"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M.906 8.418V0L5.64 4.76.906 8.419zm13 0L9.174 4.761 13.906 0v8.418zM7.407 6.539l-1.13-1.137L.907 9h13l-5.37-3.598-1.13 1.137zM1.297 0h12.22l-6.11 5.095L1.297 0z" fill="#000"></path></svg></a></li><li class="more-share-item css-ol3tqt"><div class="css-6n7j50"><button aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="More sharing options ..." class="css-16ogagc" data-testid="" type="button"><svg class="css-u8jfn7" viewbox="0 0 16 13" width="16" height="13"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M15.406 5.359L8.978 0v3.215C3.82 3.215.406 8.107.406 12.66 1.653 9.133 4.29 7.517 8.978 7.517v3.2l6.428-5.358z" fill="#000"></path></svg></button></div></li><li class="css-qj0ud4"></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><article id="story" class="css-1vxca1d e1qksbhf0"><div class="css-13pd83m"></div><div id="top-wrapper" class="css-1sy8kpn"><div id="top-slug" class="css-l9onyx"><p>Advertisement</p></div><a href="#after-top" style="position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);overflow:hidden">Continue reading the main story</a><div class="ad top-wrapper" style="text-align:center;height:100%;display:block;min-height:250px"><div id="top" class="place-ad" data-position="top" data-size-key="top"></div></div><div id="after-top"></div></div><header class="css-lwgwj5 e12qa4dv0"><div id="sponsor-wrapper" class="css-1hyfx7x"><div id="sponsor-slug" class="css-19vbshk"><p>Supported by</p></div><a href="#after-sponsor" style="position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);overflow:hidden">Continue reading the main story</a><div class="ad sponsor-wrapper" id="sponsor" style="text-align:center;height:100%;display:block"></div><div id="after-sponsor"></div></div><div class="css-1vkm6nb ehdk2mb0"><h1 id="link-48390383" class="css-3snf05 e1h9rw200" itemprop="headline" data-test-id="headline">How to Deal With Treason.</h1></div><div class="css-xt80pu eakwutd0"><div class="css-1w184yk e1m0lo4l0"><time class="eyb051o0 css-ecpe9w e16638kd0" datetime="1861-04-29T00:00:00-05:00">April 29, 1861</time><div class="css-4xjgmj"><div role="toolbar" aria-label="Social Media Share buttons, Save button, and Comments Panel with current comment count" class="css-d8bdto" data-testid="share-tools"><ul class="css-y8aj3r"><li class="css-qj0ud4 fb-share-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.facebook.com/dialog/feed?app_id=9869919170&link=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1861%2F04%2F29%2Farchives%2Fhow-to-deal-with-treason.html%3Fsmid%3Dfb-share&name=How%20to%20Deal%20With%20Treason.&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2F" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" aria-label="Share on Facebook"><svg class="css-1acmxgr" viewbox="0 0 7 15" width="7" height="15"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.775 14.163V7.08h1.923l.255-2.441H4.775l.004-1.222c0-.636.06-.977.958-.977H6.94V0H5.016c-2.31 0-3.123 1.184-3.123 3.175V4.64H.453v2.44h1.44v7.083h2.882z" fill="#000"></path></svg></a></li><li class="css-qj0ud4 twitter-share-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1861%2F04%2F29%2Farchives%2Fhow-to-deal-with-treason.html%3Fsmid%3Dtw-share&text=How%20to%20Deal%20With%20Treason." target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" aria-label="Share on Twitter"><svg viewbox="0 0 13 10" class="css-1acmxgr" width="13" height="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.987 2.772l.025.425-.429-.052c-1.562-.2-2.927-.876-4.086-2.011L.93.571.784.987c-.309.927-.111 1.906.533 2.565.343.364.266.416-.327.2-.206-.07-.386-.122-.403-.096-.06.06.146.85.309 1.161.223.434.678.858 1.176 1.11l.42.199-.497.009c-.481 0-.498.008-.447.19.172.564.85 1.162 1.606 1.422l.532.182-.464.277a4.833 4.833 0 0 1-2.3.641c-.387.009-.704.044-.704.07 0 .086 1.047.572 1.657.762 1.828.564 4 .32 5.631-.641 1.159-.685 2.318-2.045 2.859-3.363.292-.702.583-1.984.583-2.6 0-.398.026-.45.507-.927.283-.277.55-.58.6-.667.087-.165.078-.165-.36-.018-.73.26-.832.226-.472-.164.266-.278.584-.78.584-.928 0-.026-.129.018-.275.096a4.79 4.79 0 0 1-.755.294l-.464.148-.42-.286C9.66.467 9.335.293 9.163.24 8.725.12 8.055.137 7.66.276c-1.074.39-1.752 1.395-1.674 2.496z" fill="#000"></path></svg></a></li><li class="css-qj0ud4 email-share-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/mailto:/?subject=NYTimes.com%3A%20How%20to%20Deal%20With%20Treason.&body=From%20The%20New%20York%20Times%3A%0A%0AHow%20to%20Deal%20With%20Treason.%0A%0A%0A%0Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1861%2F04%2F29%2Farchives%2Fhow-to-deal-with-treason.html%3Fsmid%3Dem-share" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" aria-label="Email"><svg viewbox="0 0 15 9" class="css-1acmxgr" width="15" height="9"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M.906 8.418V0L5.64 4.76.906 8.419zm13 0L9.174 4.761 13.906 0v8.418zM7.407 6.539l-1.13-1.137L.907 9h13l-5.37-3.598-1.13 1.137zM1.297 0h12.22l-6.11 5.095L1.297 0z" fill="#000"></path></svg></a></li><li class="css-qj0ud4 more-share-item"><div class="css-6n7j50"><button aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="More sharing options ..." class="css-16ogagc" data-testid="" type="button"><svg class="css-107sgp6" viewbox="0 0 16 13" width="16" height="13"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M15.406 5.359L8.978 0v3.215C3.82 3.215.406 8.107.406 12.66 1.653 9.133 4.29 7.517 8.978 7.517v3.2l6.428-5.358z" fill="#000"></path></svg></button></div></li><li class="css-qj0ud4"></li></ul></div></div></div></div></header><section name="articleBody" itemprop="articleBody" class="meteredContent css-1r7ky0e"><div class="css-j3uhc5"><div class="css-1ve50l5"><div class="css-1si6tjw"><div class="css-p5jc4e"><figure class="" aria-label="media" role="group" itemscope="" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemid="https://s1.nyt.com/timesmachine/pages/1/1861/04/29/77973310_360W.png" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"><div><img alt="" class="css-11cwn6f" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243im_/https://s1.nyt.com/timesmachine/pages/1/1861/04/29/77973310_360W.png?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale" srcset="" decoding="async" itemprop="url" itemid="https://s1.nyt.com/timesmachine/pages/1/1861/04/29/77973310_360W.png?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale"/></div><figcaption itemprop="caption description" class="css-17ai7jg e18f7pbr0"><span itemprop="copyrightHolder" class="css-cnj6d5 e1z0qqy90"><span class="css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0">Credit...</span><span><span>The New York Times Archives</span></span></span></figcaption></figure></div><div class="css-1s1pakw"><div class="css-udpjq9">See the article in its original context from <br/>April 29, 1861,  Page 4<span class="css-iry6ay"></span><a class="css-4ejn01" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://store.nytimes.com/collections/new-york-times-page-reprints?utm_source=nytimes&utm_medium=article-page&utm_campaign=reprints">Buy Reprints</a></div><div class="css-1nq039c"><a class="css-1382yzd" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1861/04/29/77973310.html" type="button" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">View on timesmachine</a></div><div class="css-1gus26i">TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers.</div></div></div><div class="css-1mweozg"><div class="css-14uxcda">About the Archive</div><div class="css-6hi8ev">This is a digitized version of an article from The Times鈥檚 print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them.</div><div class="css-6hi8ev">Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions.</div></div></div></div><div class="css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-158dogj evys1bk0">The altered tone of Maryland in the presence of a strong military force, shows what may be effected by a similar demonstration in every refractory State. The moment protection is offered, loyalty and reason return.</p><p class="css-158dogj evys1bk0">With a power adequate to crush out any resistance, there would not in ten days be found an avowed Secessionist in the State. The only resistance to the passage of troops through has been from an irrepressible mob. We are confident that a body of 5,000 men could now pass through Baltimore without molestation. Order once restored, the city could hereafter take care of itself. The taste that people have had of secession in enough. With three months more of anarchy the city would be ruined. Secession is not such a desirable condition to be purchased at the cost of annihilation. The masses yielded to the great conspiracy as people flee before the cry of mad dog. The moment the infuriate beast is muzzled and harmless, sense and courage assert themselves. In the next ten days the State can be either liberated from the domination of the conspirators, or if disloyal, can be reduced to complete subjection.</p><p class="css-158dogj evys1bk0">As soon as Maryland is restored to order and duty the same wholesome regimen should be applied to Virginia. This State has been swayed from her allegiance by a set of conspirators and thieves of the Wise and Floyd school, aided by emissaries from the Cotton States. We know that there is no reason why one-half of Virginia should be disloyal. It has no slaves to poison the public mind. We will not believe its people will, any more than the people of Western Maryland, consent to be ruined for the maintenance of an institution which they themselves reject. We do not believe that a reign of terror, as relentless as in the worse days of the French Revolution, will be long willingly tolerated even by the people of Eastern Virginia. If this be imposed and maintained against their will, then the tyranny should instantly be broken. If they are capable of nothing better, then it would be a blessing to subject them to a well-ordered military rule. Not an instant should be lost in interposing the strong hand of Government. Secession is simply a growth of our own negative policy, continued almost to the present moment. We know that there was very strong opposition in the Cabinet to the recent garrisoning of Fort Monroe, on the ground that it would "irritate Virginia." On the 24th instant, and probably up to the present moment, the instructions to the commanding officer at that fort were to act only on the defensive. The guns left at the Navy-yard at Norfolk are now being removed for distribution over the State. A portion of them are now being placed in a battery to attack Fort Monroe, without the least effort on our part to put a stop to such proceedings.</p><p class="css-158dogj evys1bk0">Government should instantly abandon this negative policy, which is the source of all our misfortunes, and assume a vigorous and offensive one. The premise we start with is the enforcement of the laws. If the reason and necessity of this appeals to ourselves with irresistible force, we ought to take it for granted that the justice of our cause will more than half fight the battle by destroying the morale of those found in open resistance to Government. The traitors well know that not the slightest excuse or apology can be urged on their behalf. By no person has the illegality, wickedness, and inexpediency of secession been more strikingly demonstrative than by the very leaders in the rebellion. They have painted in the most glaring colors the ruin that would certainly follow it. That ruin already stares the seceding States in the face. Will not the deliverer for this reason be hailed with joy and sustained when it is certain his interference will he effectual?</p></div><aside class="css-ew4tgv" aria-label="companion column"></aside></div><div class="css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-158dogj evys1bk0">Government can know but one duty. The odds against it should not weigh a feather. But the odds are not against it. Its military arm can crush all opposition. But its civil arm should not be idle. It should immediately issue a proclamation that all parties taken in arms against it would be dealt with as traitors, and subjected to all the pains and penalties of treason. If there be not such a law, the first act of Congress should be to enact that the property of every traitor should be confiscated. We should treat rebels conspiring to overthrow the Government, as our fathers did the Tories of the Revolution. Were it well understood in Baltimore that every traitor was liable to have his neck stretched and his property sold for the benefit of the public purse, we should hear no more of secession in that quarter. These may appear harsh remedies, but they are really humane. If secession is to be the order of the day, it is an end of all property and all individual security. Government secures property and preserves life. Those who conspire to its overthrow should pay the penalty of the loss of both.</p></div><aside class="css-ew4tgv" aria-label="companion column"></aside></div></section><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div><div id="bottom-wrapper" class="css-1ede5it"><div id="bottom-slug" class="css-l9onyx"><p>Advertisement</p></div><a href="#after-bottom" style="position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);overflow:hidden">Continue reading the main story</a><div class="ad bottom-wrapper" id="bottom" style="text-align:center;height:100%;display:block;min-height:90px"></div><div id="after-bottom"></div></div></div></article></div></main><nav class="css-kdur8l" id="site-index" aria-labelledby="site-index-label" data-testid="site-index"><h2 class="css-1dv1kvn" id="site-index-label">Site Index</h2><div></div></nav><footer class="css-1e1s8k7" role="contentinfo"><nav data-testid="footer" class="css-15uy5yv"><h2 class="css-1dv1kvn">Site Information Navigation</h2><ul class="css-1ho5u4o e5u916q0"><li data-testid="copyright"><a class="css-jq1cx6" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://help.nytimes.com/hc/en-us/articles/115014792127-Copyright-notice">漏聽<span>2020</span>聽<span>The New York Times Company</span></a></li></ul><ul class="css-13o0c9t e5u916q1"><li class="css-a7htku e5u916q2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-jq1cx6" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytco.com/">NYTCo</a></li><li class="css-a7htku e5u916q2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-jq1cx6" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://help.nytimes.com/hc/en-us/articles/115015385887-Contact-Us">Contact Us</a></li><li class="css-a7htku e5u916q2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-jq1cx6" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytco.com/careers/">Work with us</a></li><li class="css-a7htku e5u916q2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-jq1cx6" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://nytmediakit.com/">Advertise</a></li><li class="css-a7htku e5u916q2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-jq1cx6" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/http://www.tbrandstudio.com/">T Brand Studio</a></li><li class="css-a7htku e5u916q2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-jq1cx6" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/privacy/cookie-policy#how-do-i-manage-trackers">Your Ad Choices</a></li><li class="css-a7htku e5u916q2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-jq1cx6" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/privacy/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></li><li class="css-a7htku e5u916q2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-jq1cx6" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://help.nytimes.com/hc/en-us/articles/115014893428-Terms-of-service">Terms of Service</a></li><li class="css-a7htku e5u916q2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-jq1cx6" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://help.nytimes.com/hc/en-us/articles/115014893968-Terms-of-sale">Terms of Sale</a></li><li class="css-a7htku e5u916q2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-jq1cx6" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://spiderbites.nytimes.com/">Site Map</a></li><li class="mobileOnly css-a7htku e5u916q2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-jq1cx6" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/ca/?action=click&region=Footer&pgtype=Homepage">Canada</a></li><li class="mobileOnly css-a7htku e5u916q2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-jq1cx6" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/international/?action=click&region=Footer&pgtype=Homepage">International</a></li><li class="css-a7htku e5u916q2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-jq1cx6" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://help.nytimes.com/hc/en-us">Help</a></li><li class="css-a7htku e5u916q2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-jq1cx6" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://www.nytimes.com/subscription?campaignId=37WXW">Subscriptions</a></li></ul></nav></footer></div></div></div></div> <script>window.__preloadedData = {"initialState":{"Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==":{"__typename":"Article","id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==","compatibility":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.compatibility","typename":"CompatibilityFeatures"},"archiveProperties":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.archiveProperties","typename":"ArticleArchiveProperties"},"collections@filterEmpty":[],"tone":"NO_TONE_SET","section":{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"Section:U2VjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9zZWN0aW9uLzliNTFlYzY1LTUzNGItNTRjMi05NDgzLWIyY2M5YTQwYmJmYg==","typename":"Section"},"subsection":null,"sprinkledBody":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody","typename":"DocumentBlock"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20201122222243\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F1861\u002F04\u002F29\u002Farchives\u002Fhow-to-deal-with-treason.html","adTargetingParams({\"clientAdParams\":{\"edn\":\"us\",\"plat\":\"web\",\"prop\":\"nyt\"}})":[{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:als_test1606083762052","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:propnyt","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:platweb","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:ednus","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:brandsensitivefalse","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:per","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:org","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:geo","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:des","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:spon","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:auth","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:col","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:coll","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:artlenshort","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:ledemedsznone","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:gui","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:templatearticle","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:typart","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:sectionarchives","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:si_sectionarchives","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:id1861042900077973310","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:trend","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:pt","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:gscatneg_chanel,neg_mastercard,neg_hearts,neg_msft,neg_ibmtest,gs_politics,gs_politics_misc,gv_safe,gs_t","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:tt","typename":"AdTargetingParam"},{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdTargetingParam:mt","typename":"AdTargetingParam"}],"sourceId":"1861042900077973310","type":"article","wordCount":0,"bylines":[],"displayProperties":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.displayProperties","typename":"CreativeWorkDisplayProperties"},"typeOfMaterials":{"type":"json","json":["Archives"]},"collections":[],"timesTags@filterEmpty":[],"language":null,"desk":"None","kicker":"","headline":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.headline","typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline"},"commentProperties":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.commentProperties","typename":"CreativeWorkCommentProperties"},"firstPublished":"1861-04-29T05:00:00.000Z","lastModified":"2018-12-13T04:44:20.878Z","originalDesk":"","source":{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"Organization:T3JnYW5pemF0aW9uOm55dDovL29yZ2FuaXphdGlvbi9jMjc5MTM4OC02YjE2LTVmZmQtYTExOS05NmVhY2IxOTg5YzE=","typename":"Organization"},"printInformation":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.printInformation","typename":"PrintInformation"},"sprinkled":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkled","typename":"SprinkledContent"},"column":null,"dfpTaxonomyException":null,"advertisingProperties":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.advertisingProperties","typename":"CreativeWorkAdvertisingProperties"},"translations":[],"summary":"","lastMajorModification":"1861-04-29T05:00:00.000Z","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Farticle\u002Ff4a7ad96-5226-5b79-ad5b-3ead957c21e9","eventId":"pubp:\u002F\u002Fevent\u002Fef0103d8fa8640be9b305c86b1eae07c","promotionalMedia":null,"slug":"how-to-deal-with-treason","newsStatus":"DEFAULT","sourcePublisher":"archive-repub","episodeProperties":null,"reviewSummary":"","reviewItems":[],"shortUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20201122222243\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fnyti.ms\u002F1kfag5R","storylines":[],"associatedAssets":[]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.compatibility":{"isOak":false,"__typename":"CompatibilityFeatures","hasVideo":false,"hasOakConversionError":false,"isArtReview":false,"isBookReview":false,"isDiningReview":false,"isMovieReview":false,"isTheaterReview":false},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.archiveProperties":{"timesMachineUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20201122222243\u002Fhttp:\u002F\u002Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com\u002Ftimesmachine\u002F1861\u002F04\u002F29\u002F77973310.html","lede@stripHtml":"The altered tone of Maryland in the presence of a strong military force, shows what may be effected by a similar demonstration in every refractory State. The moment protection is offered, loyalty and reason return. ","thumbnails":[{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.archiveProperties.thumbnails.0","typename":"ArticleArchivePropertiesThumbnail"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.archiveProperties.thumbnails.1","typename":"ArticleArchivePropertiesThumbnail"}],"__typename":"ArticleArchiveProperties"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.archiveProperties.thumbnails.0":{"height":252,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20201122222243\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fs1.nyt.com\u002Ftimesmachine\u002Fpages\u002F1\u002F1861\u002F04\u002F29\u002F77973310_180W.png","width":180,"__typename":"ArticleArchivePropertiesThumbnail"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.archiveProperties.thumbnails.1":{"height":504,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20201122222243\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fs1.nyt.com\u002Ftimesmachine\u002Fpages\u002F1\u002F1861\u002F04\u002F29\u002F77973310_360W.png","width":360,"__typename":"ArticleArchivePropertiesThumbnail"},"Section:U2VjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9zZWN0aW9uLzliNTFlYzY1LTUzNGItNTRjMi05NDgzLWIyY2M5YTQwYmJmYg==":{"id":"U2VjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9zZWN0aW9uLzliNTFlYzY1LTUzNGItNTRjMi05NDgzLWIyY2M5YTQwYmJmYg==","name":"archives","displayName":"Archives","url":"","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fsection\u002F9b51ec65-534b-54c2-9483-b2cc9a40bbfb","__typename":"Section"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.0":{"__typename":"HeaderLegacyBlock","subhead":null,"label":null,"headline":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.0.headline","typename":"Heading1Block"},"ledeMedia":null,"byline":null,"timestampBlock":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.0.timestampBlock","typename":"TimestampBlock"}},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.1":{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","textAlign":"DEFAULT","content":[{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.1.content.0","typename":"TextInline"}]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.2":{"__typename":"Dropzone","index":0,"bad":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsDesktop":false},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.3":{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","textAlign":"DEFAULT","content":[{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.3.content.0","typename":"TextInline"}]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.4":{"__typename":"Dropzone","index":1,"bad":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsDesktop":false},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.5":{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","textAlign":"DEFAULT","content":[{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.5.content.0","typename":"TextInline"}]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.6":{"__typename":"Dropzone","index":2,"bad":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsDesktop":false},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.7":{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","textAlign":"DEFAULT","content":[{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.7.content.0","typename":"TextInline"}]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.8":{"__typename":"Dropzone","index":3,"bad":false,"adsMobile":true,"adsDesktop":true},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.9":{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","textAlign":"DEFAULT","content":[{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.9.content.0","typename":"TextInline"}]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody":{"content@filterEmpty":[{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.0","typename":"HeaderLegacyBlock"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.1","typename":"ParagraphBlock"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.2","typename":"Dropzone"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.3","typename":"ParagraphBlock"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.4","typename":"Dropzone"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.5","typename":"ParagraphBlock"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.6","typename":"Dropzone"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.7","typename":"ParagraphBlock"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.8","typename":"Dropzone"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.9","typename":"ParagraphBlock"}],"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content.0","typename":"HeaderLegacyBlock"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content.1","typename":"ParagraphBlock"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content.2","typename":"Dropzone"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content.3","typename":"ParagraphBlock"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content.4","typename":"Dropzone"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content.5","typename":"ParagraphBlock"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content.6","typename":"Dropzone"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content.7","typename":"ParagraphBlock"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content.8","typename":"Dropzone"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content.9","typename":"ParagraphBlock"}],"content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty":[{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty.0","typename":"HeaderLegacyBlock"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty.1","typename":"ParagraphBlock"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty.2","typename":"Dropzone"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty.3","typename":"ParagraphBlock"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty.4","typename":"Dropzone"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty.5","typename":"ParagraphBlock"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty.6","typename":"Dropzone"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty.7","typename":"ParagraphBlock"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty.8","typename":"Dropzone"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty.9","typename":"ParagraphBlock"}]},"AdTargetingParam:als_test1606083762052":{"key":"als_test","value":"1606083762052","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:propnyt":{"key":"prop","value":"nyt","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:platweb":{"key":"plat","value":"web","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:ednus":{"key":"edn","value":"us","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:brandsensitivefalse":{"key":"brandsensitive","value":"false","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:per":{"key":"per","value":"","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:org":{"key":"org","value":"","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:geo":{"key":"geo","value":"","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:des":{"key":"des","value":"","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:spon":{"key":"spon","value":"","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:auth":{"key":"auth","value":"","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:col":{"key":"col","value":"","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:coll":{"key":"coll","value":"","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:artlenshort":{"key":"artlen","value":"short","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:ledemedsznone":{"key":"ledemedsz","value":"none","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:gui":{"key":"gui","value":"","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:templatearticle":{"key":"template","value":"article","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:typart":{"key":"typ","value":"art","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:sectionarchives":{"key":"section","value":"archives","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:si_sectionarchives":{"key":"si_section","value":"archives","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:id1861042900077973310":{"key":"id","value":"1861042900077973310","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:trend":{"key":"trend","value":"","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:pt":{"key":"pt","value":"","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:gscatneg_chanel,neg_mastercard,neg_hearts,neg_msft,neg_ibmtest,gs_politics,gs_politics_misc,gv_safe,gs_t":{"key":"gscat","value":"neg_chanel,neg_mastercard,neg_hearts,neg_msft,neg_ibmtest,gs_politics,gs_politics_misc,gv_safe,gs_t","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:tt":{"key":"tt","value":"","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"AdTargetingParam:mt":{"key":"mt","value":"","__typename":"AdTargetingParam"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.displayProperties":{"fullBleedDisplayStyle":"","__typename":"CreativeWorkDisplayProperties","serveAsNyt4":false},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.headline":{"default":"How to Deal With Treason.","__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default@stripHtml":"How to Deal With Treason.","seo@stripHtml":""},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.commentProperties":{"status":"NO_COMMENTS","__typename":"CreativeWorkCommentProperties","prompt":""},"Organization:T3JnYW5pemF0aW9uOm55dDovL29yZ2FuaXphdGlvbi9jMjc5MTM4OC02YjE2LTVmZmQtYTExOS05NmVhY2IxOTg5YzE=":{"id":"T3JnYW5pemF0aW9uOm55dDovL29yZ2FuaXphdGlvbi9jMjc5MTM4OC02YjE2LTVmZmQtYTExOS05NmVhY2IxOTg5YzE=","displayName":"New York Times","__typename":"Organization"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.printInformation":{"page":"4","section":"","publicationDate":"1861-04-29T05:00:00.000Z","__typename":"PrintInformation"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkled.configs.0":{"name":"mobile","stride":4,"threshold":3,"__typename":"SprinkledConfig"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkled.configs.1":{"name":"desktop","stride":7,"threshold":3,"__typename":"SprinkledConfig"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkled.configs.2":{"name":"mobileHoldout","stride":6,"threshold":3,"__typename":"SprinkledConfig"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkled.configs.3":{"name":"desktopHoldout","stride":8,"threshold":3,"__typename":"SprinkledConfig"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkled.configs.4":{"name":"hybrid","stride":4,"threshold":3,"__typename":"SprinkledConfig"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkled":{"configs":[{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkled.configs.0","typename":"SprinkledConfig"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkled.configs.1","typename":"SprinkledConfig"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkled.configs.2","typename":"SprinkledConfig"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkled.configs.3","typename":"SprinkledConfig"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkled.configs.4","typename":"SprinkledConfig"}],"__typename":"SprinkledContent"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content.0":{"__typename":"HeaderLegacyBlock"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content.1":{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content.2":{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsMobile":false,"adsDesktop":false},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content.3":{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content.4":{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsMobile":false,"adsDesktop":false},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content.5":{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content.6":{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsMobile":false,"adsDesktop":false},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content.7":{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content.8":{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsMobile":true,"adsDesktop":true},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content.9":{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty.0":{"__typename":"HeaderLegacyBlock"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty.1":{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty.2":{"__typename":"Dropzone"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty.3":{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty.4":{"__typename":"Dropzone"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty.5":{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty.6":{"__typename":"Dropzone"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty.7":{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty.8":{"__typename":"Dropzone"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@take({\"first\":10000})@filterEmpty.9":{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.advertisingProperties":{"sensitivity":"SHOW_ADS","__typename":"CreativeWorkAdvertisingProperties"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.0.headline":{"textAlign":"DEFAULT","content":[{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.0.headline.content.0","typename":"TextInline"}],"__typename":"Heading1Block"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.0.headline.content.0":{"__typename":"TextInline","text@stripHtml":"How to Deal With Treason.","formats":[]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.0.timestampBlock":{"timestamp":"1861-04-29T05:00:00.000Z","align":"DEFAULT","__typename":"TimestampBlock"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.1.content.0":{"__typename":"TextInline","text":"The altered tone of Maryland in the presence of a strong military force, shows what may be effected by a similar demonstration in every refractory State. The moment protection is offered, loyalty and reason return.","formats":[]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.3.content.0":{"__typename":"TextInline","text":"With a power adequate to crush out any resistance, there would not in ten days be found an avowed Secessionist in the State. The only resistance to the passage of troops through has been from an irrepressible mob. We are confident that a body of 5,000 men could now pass through Baltimore without molestation. Order once restored, the city could hereafter take care of itself. The taste that people have had of secession in enough. With three months more of anarchy the city would be ruined. Secession is not such a desirable condition to be purchased at the cost of annihilation. The masses yielded to the great conspiracy as people flee before the cry of mad dog. The moment the infuriate beast is muzzled and harmless, sense and courage assert themselves. In the next ten days the State can be either liberated from the domination of the conspirators, or if disloyal, can be reduced to complete subjection.","formats":[]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.5.content.0":{"__typename":"TextInline","text":"As soon as Maryland is restored to order and duty the same wholesome regimen should be applied to Virginia. This State has been swayed from her allegiance by a set of conspirators and thieves of the Wise and Floyd school, aided by emissaries from the Cotton States. We know that there is no reason why one-half of Virginia should be disloyal. It has no slaves to poison the public mind. We will not believe its people will, any more than the people of Western Maryland, consent to be ruined for the maintenance of an institution which they themselves reject. We do not believe that a reign of terror, as relentless as in the worse days of the French Revolution, will be long willingly tolerated even by the people of Eastern Virginia. If this be imposed and maintained against their will, then the tyranny should instantly be broken. If they are capable of nothing better, then it would be a blessing to subject them to a well-ordered military rule. Not an instant should be lost in interposing the strong hand of Government. Secession is simply a growth of our own negative policy, continued almost to the present moment. We know that there was very strong opposition in the Cabinet to the recent garrisoning of Fort Monroe, on the ground that it would \"irritate Virginia.\" On the 24th instant, and probably up to the present moment, the instructions to the commanding officer at that fort were to act only on the defensive. The guns left at the Navy-yard at Norfolk are now being removed for distribution over the State. A portion of them are now being placed in a battery to attack Fort Monroe, without the least effort on our part to put a stop to such proceedings.","formats":[]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.7.content.0":{"__typename":"TextInline","text":"Government should instantly abandon this negative policy, which is the source of all our misfortunes, and assume a vigorous and offensive one. The premise we start with is the enforcement of the laws. If the reason and necessity of this appeals to ourselves with irresistible force, we ought to take it for granted that the justice of our cause will more than half fight the battle by destroying the morale of those found in open resistance to Government. The traitors well know that not the slightest excuse or apology can be urged on their behalf. By no person has the illegality, wickedness, and inexpediency of secession been more strikingly demonstrative than by the very leaders in the rebellion. They have painted in the most glaring colors the ruin that would certainly follow it. That ruin already stares the seceding States in the face. Will not the deliverer for this reason be hailed with joy and sustained when it is certain his interference will he effectual?","formats":[]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.9.content.0":{"__typename":"TextInline","text":"Government can know but one duty. The odds against it should not weigh a feather. But the odds are not against it. Its military arm can crush all opposition. But its civil arm should not be idle. It should immediately issue a proclamation that all parties taken in arms against it would be dealt with as traitors, and subjected to all the pains and penalties of treason. If there be not such a law, the first act of Congress should be to enact that the property of every traitor should be confiscated. We should treat rebels conspiring to overthrow the Government, as our fathers did the Tories of the Revolution. Were it well understood in Baltimore that every traitor was liable to have his neck stretched and his property sold for the benefit of the public purse, we should hear no more of secession in that quarter. These may appear harsh remedies, but they are really humane. If secession is to be the order of the day, it is an end of all property and all individual security. Government secures property and preserves life. Those who conspire to its overthrow should pay the penalty of the loss of both.","formats":[]},"ROOT_QUERY":{"workOrLocation({\"id\":\"\u002F1861\u002F04\u002F29\u002Farchives\u002Fhow-to-deal-with-treason.html\"})":{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2Y0YTdhZDk2LTUyMjYtNWI3OS1hZDViLTNlYWQ5NTdjMjFlOQ==","typename":"Article"}}},"config":{"gqlUrlClient":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20201122222243\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fsamizdat-graphql.nytimes.com\u002Fgraphql\u002Fv2","gqlRequestHeaders":{"nyt-app-type":"project-vi","nyt-app-version":"0.0.5","nyt-token":"MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAs+\u002FoUCTBmD\u002FcLdmcecrnBMHiU\u002FpxQCn2DDyaPKUOXxi4p0uUSZQzsuq1pJ1m5z1i0YGPd1U1OeGHAChWtqoxC7bFMCXcwnE1oyui9G1uobgpm1GdhtwkR7ta7akVTcsF8zxiXx7DNXIPd2nIJFH83rmkZueKrC4JVaNzjvD+Z03piLn5bHWU6+w+rA+kyJtGgZNTXKyPh6EC6o5N+rknNMG5+CdTq35p8f99WjFawSvYgP9V64kgckbTbtdJ6YhVP58TnuYgr12urtwnIqWP9KSJ1e5vmgf3tunMqWNm6+AnsqNj8mCLdCuc5cEB74CwUeQcP2HQQmbCddBy2y0mEwIDAQAB"},"gqlFetchTimeout":4000,"disablePersistedQueries":false,"initialDeviceType":"desktop","fastlyAbraConfig":{},"serviceWorkerFile":"service-worker-test-1605910467121.js"},"ssrQuery":{},"initialLocation":{"pathname":"\u002F1861\u002F04\u002F29\u002Farchives\u002Fhow-to-deal-with-treason.html"}};</script> <script>!function(e){function r(r){for(var t,n,d=r[0],s=r[1],i=r[2],b=0,l=[];b<d.length;b++)n=d[b],Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(o,n)&&o[n]&&l.push(o[n][0]),o[n]=0;for(t in s)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(s,t)&&(e[t]=s[t]);for(f&&f(r);l.length;)l.shift()();return c.push.apply(c,i||[]),a()}function a(){for(var e,r=0;r<c.length;r++){for(var a=c[r],t=!0,d=1;d<a.length;d++){var s=a[d];0!==o[s]&&(t=!1)}t&&(c.splice(r--,1),e=n(n.s=a[0]))}return e}var t={},o={56:0},c=[];function n(r){if(t[r])return t[r].exports;var a=t[r]={i:r,l:!1,exports:{}};return e[r].call(a.exports,a,a.exports,n),a.l=!0,a.exports}n.e=function(e){var r=[],a=o[e];if(0!==a)if(a)r.push(a[2]);else{var t=new Promise((function(r,t){a=o[e]=[r,t]}));r.push(a[2]=t);var c,d=document.createElement("script");d.charset="utf-8",d.timeout=120,n.nc&&d.setAttribute("nonce",n.nc),d.src=function(e){return n.p+""+({1:"answerpage~bestsellers~hubpage~privacyhub~reviews~search~slideshow~timeswire~trending~weddings~your-list",2:"vendors~audio~byline~capsule~collections~home~liveblog~paidpost~regionCapsule~slideshow~story~video",3:"vendors~audio~capsule~collections~home~liveblog~paidpost~regionCapsule~story~trending~video",4:"answerpage~bestsellers~byline~hubpage~reviews~search~timeswire~trending~your-list",5:"vendors~audio~capsule~collections~home~liveblog~paidpost~regionCapsule~story~video",6:"answerpage~bestsellers~byline~hubpage~reviews~your-list",7:"vendors~newsletter~newsletters~recirculation",8:"RecommendedNewsletter~recirculation",9:"getstarted~postLoginInterrupter",10:"getstarted~recirculation",11:"newsletter~newsletters",12:"vendors~commentsForm~weddings",13:"RecommendedNewsletter",14:"additionalPlaylists",16:"answerpage",17:"audio",18:"audioblock",19:"bestsellers",20:"blank",21:"byline",22:"capsule",23:"coderedeem",24:"collections",25:"comments",26:"commentsForm",27:"desktopNav",28:"episodefooter",29:"footerBlock",30:"getstarted",31:"home",32:"hubpage",34:"livePostHeader",35:"liveRecirculation",36:"liveblog",38:"mortgagecalculator",39:"newsletter",40:"newsletters",41:"paidpost",42:"phone-number-input",43:"postLoginInterrupter",44:"privacy",45:"privacyhub",46:"privacyverification",47:"programmables",48:"recirculation",49:"refer",50:"regilite",51:"regionCapsule",52:"related-coverage-chunk",53:"reviews",57:"search",58:"siteIndexContent",59:"slideshow",60:"stickyfilljs",61:"story",62:"surveywithdrawconsent",63:"timeswire",64:"trending",66:"vendors~audioblock",67:"vendors~episodefooter",68:"vendors~footerBlock",69:"vendors~mortgagecalculator",70:"vendors~phone-number-input",71:"vendors~search",72:"vendors~slideshow",73:"vendors~videoblock",74:"video",75:"videoblock",76:"weddings",77:"your-list"}[e]||e)+"-"+{1:"fb9380759c7310586b9b",2:"3c83134df95dd0660e5b",3:"6da672789941ef94147d",4:"e73c37ce605d23107e4c",5:"8b8a9fe47b1c4a0bda92",6:"b64dfcf34065a5ab7e45",7:"3ece5f19b4f1a53c178e",8:"1b53f4b9d45c11e0c045",9:"449c854e1985014efcc7",10:"86b136b0307087d14fb0",11:"b3efd5b510b19816db78",12:"9b9f348fce001d18ec42",13:"5c579aa14d575343693b",14:"dd454c9fd3e1126e3c44",16:"8b44636cd507274cd59a",17:"b64e0415ea020caf9e91",18:"c152df3ffbd89efaaa82",19:"2ca3a2d3d538cb232e06",20:"0e694a5021ed0f3eaefd",21:"3c6b277330affa2a4437",22:"0bb62201dcd6f3d0f71b",23:"83819816738791ee4bed",24:"b6fab0a49f168871bd44",25:"629ceededf167212e8ed",26:"9a11080213a1eae9636d",27:"aa7f0bfcf214e581c677",28:"aec7a3f539c61ede02f9",29:"35b13b9c8d5decaae9e5",30:"c4027daf696ce7865a72",31:"9e67c058a6328e85cb32",32:"9b82d9967512eec1a2f4",34:"0d5457057ead64d40db8",35:"1efc547b9071f0470e52",36:"0011d87f8c4500396e52",38:"76d224d87ac867a2070c",39:"43ff1318280e20de7cb8",40:"492c77977b756b6b400e",41:"91e5ba069bc83b2ea361",42:"4902b6a6b068847cc31b",43:"bee8edd26e1bc377ce4a",44:"891f23c33eef23a234b3",45:"00d3046d5c9b46c4d990",46:"fed86d5315195fc38a61",47:"cceba50e6fcb32868419",48:"461a831a98bb0935349e",49:"2ccc9c2fa6d8d9685ab5",50:"9a41f12f61e0588c25a3",51:"a69aee4c555d01920cfc",52:"31ee4d4433fbb3c03892",53:"e981e74fc5e995545466",57:"8f16eb13c69704708184",58:"7791e883f056dd9e2809",59:"1e1f7ea5f6120e3ade8c",60:"827bba0a80ddc1abcc42",61:"4b8a1879502f73113646",62:"f32d2ac424d5d1d1279a",63:"051768b1ef07f20e824f",64:"04d2ca5a7180893b384c",66:"cf6f0cfb1a57683d42b8",67:"6b6f7a8b11f4f8540e3b",68:"f659e70005a769e1c82c",69:"ad6e11b284d707d4d2b0",70:"4b57fb3e85fabc9464b2",71:"808aa6c5e71697ffaafd",72:"dd908881ddc0b609aff6",73:"606e22670cc445fa9d99",74:"4a6f61ed881deb87bec9",75:"cf6037a5a312005dc6d7",76:"73a7f80a0c749372b5a0",77:"e1dbf696f41a2acf30e5"}[e]+".js"}(e);var s=new Error;c=function(r){d.onerror=d.onload=null,clearTimeout(i);var a=o[e];if(0!==a){if(a){var t=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),c=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+e+" failed.\n("+t+": "+c+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=t,s.request=c,a[1](s)}o[e]=void 0}};var i=setTimeout((function(){c({type:"timeout",target:d})}),12e4);d.onerror=d.onload=c,document.head.appendChild(d)}return Promise.all(r)},n.m=e,n.c=t,n.d=function(e,r,a){n.o(e,r)||Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:a})},n.r=function(e){"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},n.t=function(e,r){if(1&r&&(e=n(e)),8&r)return e;if(4&r&&"object"==typeof e&&e&&e.__esModule)return e;var a=Object.create(null);if(n.r(a),Object.defineProperty(a,"default",{enumerable:!0,value:e}),2&r&&"string"!=typeof e)for(var t in e)n.d(a,t,function(r){return e[r]}.bind(null,t));return a},n.n=function(e){var r=e&&e.__esModule?function(){return e.default}:function(){return e};return n.d(r,"a",r),r},n.o=function(e,r){return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,r)},n.p="/vi-assets/static-assets/",n.oe=function(e){throw console.error(e),e};var d=window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[],s=d.push.bind(d);d.push=r,d=d.slice();for(var i=0;i<d.length;i++)r(d[i]);var f=s;a()}([]); //# sourceMappingURL=runtime~main-5d4b9d6680cae535e4eb.js.map</script> <script defer src="/web/20201122222243js_/https://www.nytimes.com/vi-assets/static-assets/vendor-bdca107216e9fdda74c4.js"></script> <script defer src="/web/20201122222243js_/https://www.nytimes.com/vi-assets/static-assets/story-4b8a1879502f73113646.js"></script> <script defer src="/web/20201122222243js_/https://www.nytimes.com/vi-assets/static-assets/main-f6eda3f92c98cdb39f51.js"></script> <script> (function(){ if (document.cookie.indexOf('NYT-S') === -1) { var iframe = document.createElement('iframe'); iframe.height = 0; iframe.width = 0; iframe.style.display = 'none'; iframe.style.visibility = 'hidden'; iframe.src = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243/https://myaccount.nytimes.com/auth/prefetch-assets'; document.body.appendChild(iframe); } })(); </script> <script> (function(w, l) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); })(window, 'dataLayer'); </script> <script defer src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243js_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-P528B3>m_auth=tfAzqo1rYDLgYhmTnSjPqw>m_preview=env-130>m_cookies_win=x"></script> <noscript> <iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122222243if_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-P528B3>m_auth=tfAzqo1rYDLgYhmTnSjPqw>m_preview=env-130>m_cookies_win=x" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>  </body> </html>