CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913414107f8bfe01',cH: '6R3B9YmgTzYMVgwE2J85ITriMc.8WeM.0F.c.fMvr6U-1739777492-1.2.1.1-6JtVc3s3vmN4ZFrYsEL1aHNahn7ZmG0p3rj5vOs2acb4TWgOT1eVK._u6gsM02_d',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Hussein%20Shaman&__cf_chl_tk=1IppFALIObP.4kJ8dldrMMAQhoKIvcd2kfuFXuBartk-1739777492-1.0.1.1-ma1S6drzHs5nyrNR7DgnZJyUHrqK33IXLQl2mF7ZXNs",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777492',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Hussein%20Shaman&__cf_chl_f_tk=1IppFALIObP.4kJ8dldrMMAQhoKIvcd2kfuFXuBartk-1739777492-1.0.1.1-ma1S6drzHs5nyrNR7DgnZJyUHrqK33IXLQl2mF7ZXNs",md: "DZs2paflP3kstlIcjpEwK1slphpxt0NEawhQ62bvJz0-1739777492-1.2.1.1-b16xB3WlFUAT.YopbjEor4D5Z8YiuX4aeJ3UnHn4ke7s6_vRRiNuCARAD4RjZYruPW5RuJW.RFcWjGbS_oNDHFuzXMqKF6Y_6mxub5KGWdSTcZc.mtGxGke_HrSsRjzlSGtAVVA_twqF..g7lw2Wg4u4b2ULu66OHtvWK2bCvbPu0uJUZtT3hBjzRrIyhYZBsDY6iQJZdXCvTwWxEDl0fMXIo78SDdmuyH1K5HbSyqf05cKGg7tv9wgb0VKJuo182PILM_Cb1IWsiOtQ7QqWLR64Yura3gwJyPCFcaUCVxB.ecDunlJeSF5oBCa38k_maDKTUO1bsreCRLg2nA1qb_J8BX4yfrmoA1shIeUu9l.1wuD_a1b2V4N9ZE9YVIAz87RBo5x5lRhGyJP1Vfe8VPm8E.nfR87xAE6jQ6eswn.OqZFRc.n6rwX5JQXqx3PZWbWvnp4QhJb1stHzh3HkQUXVcHUDQfzMHpuMPvUkAxnEdFzNrXbGbqcxCTIfCGI2xOQHM2rAMN.GWza0Hi8IHB_rxXPN1CNA4MsGsRaFD47c2oWRMrKssm4r4sJUXUM80ZpHDj46499EcnT4zgsmT98fDmzs3ozyUREFY1hdxMnlErz7sIjyHNyulgyuyRFxNSc5hxfAwpmiL0IH2JvrQHipOfJO0eaitJThn9_PJHPOqmW4EfCWVJCgfh3H6Gt7sLpDAS4S2X.UW0vI8NYlpRoHoMdmSUOEwcB_F4gi1kln1Shh5LJGbFivbiPEVQiWGg1MOlnxeLK9IodHhOkrUF14O1mNvRsvyPN9fEBf5PyCJ3_ob3pH_uAyGbLdjlRmXtKLskWAQks6SsmFhoegVDSQRlBP3tZ.DcGwomjCJdSE2sOA0Y1A2SIosVklgW7ZdMvkALxySRq4SOcMYmN_oiqCBS41x6fjluYTxhnHkN_ZrN_g04Zoy2Yw33sonFNZd4C7gwrvRVtOPcj77IFWTdE_e1k0eA8HgIvQz.SBFyyGjkHk6vt204F9mYS3umiww23qIqj969IjO3oBzhz_ox3_I0FYmQdBGVv0IJ5TVFEkuKvSRW7PSlldP5D_Y3wSnHF2LdzEFDhwaFLQgM_IQT35ActJOiYAL9TX9z8ViFfSuO5EM4MYQfvjcGp9xzcqg.Uoy7zO25GZxy_kegy6Ed93D1EUWCIL97ccaL1THrvtv.DCyIRrUIppn3lIrFZfMq2Z3esAq6o41MF.vmg9g0F9GWt_7CopWvwdNigI1U5Ye86bnDAu9emZAJkyhSJkM5AG6iZ4uI.jh.4x5T_tP3DzXH6kFbrMRg9WqdO0Zl5d6YShXzjBLX20jHaagx6x.pOMGOdfFCGoU8z4u7OnBbxf4WT9MR8xhjnduTG2ud_LLb2GqxNg0CzRplGDS0_HLe8lsJ7JEpINg8y942pzw9KyGIWlR1njBRzaMzX1L6ppvR5FPKkwE40i8T4kGzLHxs8uoDPo1_UKWqAu7FWRHdOBHjF7JLs2oa5VV5Ok0ztvOGUmCy8nyiiZcruKazMyUtSj8Fy7bwOGSEpzAiktCtoRq3Nnud3sWRxIp3Z0JORh8eYgihqjifrTnCyswrtRfZGDzQvKlD3Ec33TlwmgG3Xe_aT29cJyoCMPvYlGWAuTuQYrMGI4fP1jCh_TZFDWUMqA_X4i3XsYOg0htYaVEI8MnOKOQvqQ1on.CYRyV5.UxNnsZz.J1S9I_p40xvQ3tX8_HE7cjuKqdRIs_xi8sm8P8G5r2VexCbzCAAMTKQ..Qd637OOvhYIXVVk5B3KmojhzhaZucnojneNuMqz3fxP.VPxYa18LiXdZvRJlf16gVa_s3z0oo6Zg.uYB0zdAZiZLb_GwTj3JPfXa5UGIMDg7z3qgEV7jPzr8rU.kGivrIqqSggxv_mp4PVWnHOTnDBoxNA9rteVCJWSJBB9W5Ot7tbJu3.5KT9U9b3ZQurQ",mdrd: "Y4WjsFNAvh0P0nfGx37__oyB8dWVR7PgQClARjkpRMo-1739777492-1.2.1.1-f166iB1WzOW3Iqzu6Rd3R_nwaucwxtIVkXs3SxQAkXlVOP7wDf8aBCHamAqDmpeYS_tvdKgbiKrkdC5q94o8Al6jCzX76XnV7URiD5V63yY6ETyKAVaHdoB_GlA_Tij6FvvmBaFlzP8hRXCCN57LpVfEG4BVnVMpySJuAc99bIl9vABE7padRXqWtyodotK1qJXGE42jHWQtQ0_uHT_g9BMqzJVghkBtwYp5Lu1KHCz9LUbxOoS3CPR6JIKm9ig0Ih_NYnebDPA_hoAOw4pgC_HFBRhW3N3EbShFGopxMQn_3fA7GSMp_KiOIKIjwy_.NjXAYphfXHY1dmTPat2fcir4aSry7F_oYA5oP3tOEBuZuiSTxkPdRZ8DVzeVKZi3R4e8uEOu6FT2wxovRuS62RCAExskp9Ndf1aFvaX7Fx8l4KsYvdrl3SZC95ry4_LB5F7aq75tgTY2fAJ9qkgH6e_rkUo.rmb7s86FXT07BzGaWxqGHcJRT6mJbtS.1Hua5NKMbIPdIo4F7STKiIfhb04ngGOXVLJNiXexw5g4UCTN1zw0KM5mha6Y1YDl5dwN4XqxjcREh.tD9CEs5st4uhnvgzPb3aww4sRO4zVwOD5F01C1p.J45702yhILihUU_69NKgeQ3jIocSULGs45cHDhKDukV5jMGj_9lo9PFDt9jOsB.MEehFkK5Tw.v7jBm8NQjuSqL_zS3hMK0gd59U24imKNECukzH3Whntsp3CmQuovS5Az3uvMiv3ZAN0fDf7DHU6SUwwO7W7gYv9gEKXO8zm8iMifG58lcesPgAfAEFqLSgA0IwqrLAsf5e_6Js3nIBTc45zhmprTTR0zqDvbQAthbPLCoFV8dGhrWdMAoDVc7nA2w7.gfCon5p3LvfqgzkdalqwRqkJbgM_O2looqnNDR1lwrBbdRNzk_iIQVyAA7PdP.5ByV97eqULd03yyG7nyYGvRFII3APgDxixgkrSAlFX..Zs.s9bTwmzq8ZLlPIHQ.y7WkBAgPYowPqvM.y9ZmWPmo0WmQUoFM0.AcIFwLfCY2vUX5kgpoRpbfcQXGiofqohuAiD.qu6pJ5u_tu_ULF7BeK.8xYsJ6YjzaU33QVQvK.VejqUu_3UeD5mpyPrRosJ2wCs5lkU8LpfWm1XXdInUCNpKH3Cp3lAHtOLNcZmgUaCAYRg5gv3lTDPFZldUP6A_I6m6Gvr8OEm0O5.wJ_90H21KaCZb8JZjoq5QSAebxVKkBjNc93DwumupdEBG4EyFBVBusx8tQgmgYzYPLsdfFjmCxFrztLWoO54NSKsNUpgpYmEDWpE9DJYUb18g9Peweor9piklyBTcN9v5aBSAikyuMZnfDqAS_NciiB.46yTnah4W_SeIJnZTi60v1BdhhlH2S8S.J4S.u0rCo4IlVlC82FKMJxHZbj5CFM3vNj7x3KZbHhdwnawkU0kcYCbnnVZ_bZM7JRJWPDVT7vwBkUC33TLDpqvHHXOWa6jTXTAeYbh9djVP9oPd_dLgTqSpKhXntq53StExKqPbQNKfjRqB5qMGEdebCLZLcAy99UmBz2m1A1cYC9fsW53cmtGhCVO3KaOTICS6tef6eDt5Eke2RrIuizDW5bRU50ZyWtR_cZ2iqz9NuBLpAinNK31LuOySOtpxR0j8PqbvlUZkzwVqYc2l.5BUTlaendY3xO2iIjTHc9EOhJ2azMOOI0zgdrkU0bmkiQ64YXMW2z12eXrhHrbkcFFYGkDL6mtrm6suEq3546cu2j0BSh.cHPXL1.r.M.sgu7Wv2lgyQX5HcHJpf5YnuQ.K6jrk98Yz_gtHf4YRIZJnQXgBkZFYHvO30WFrkNmH3x.6yhleMys.muaatSXRdaSnF68C8HTaDydkdgKPjjBTcTEAeLpQo.79fPEtK73GfQWzPfJjLUw6miS8xQJ8py.vEMZgq72zoCNuWl6HMOBavr_485Ov2B_Qmc1YwoG5"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913414107f8bfe01';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Hussein%20Shaman&__cf_chl_rt_tk=1IppFALIObP.4kJ8dldrMMAQhoKIvcd2kfuFXuBartk-1739777492-1.0.1.1-ma1S6drzHs5nyrNR7DgnZJyUHrqK33IXLQl2mF7ZXNs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>