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navigation</h3> <span class="nav-previous"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2011/09/14/sowing-the-seeds-for-an-ideal-research-environment/" rel="prev"><span class="meta-nav">←</span> Previous</a></span> <span class="nav-next"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2011/09/20/podcast-september-2011/" rel="next">Next <span class="meta-nav">→</span></a></span> </nav> <article id="post-5389" class="post-5389 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-cancer-research-uk-funded-research category-metastasis category-skin-cancer"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title">Childish cells with legs provide clues to skin cancer</h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="sep">Posted on </span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2011/09/15/childish-cells-with-legs-provide-clues-to-skin-cancer/" title="2:33 pm" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date" datetime="2011-09-15T14:33:16+00:00" pubdate>September 15, 2011</time></a><span class="by-author"> <span class="sep"> by </span> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/author/henrys/" title="View all posts by Henry Scowcroft" rel="author">Henry Scowcroft</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div id="attachment_5392" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 210px;"> <p><img class="size-full wp-image-5392" title="Melanocytes" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709im_/http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/melanocytes.jpg" alt="A picture of malignant melanocytes" width="200" height="174"/></p> <p class="wp-caption-text">Melanoma cells can invade surrounding tissue</p> </div> <p>As we said <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/news/archive/pressrelease/2011-09-14-skin-cancer-spread">in a press release</a> last night, our scientists at the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://www.beatson.gla.ac.uk/" target="_blank">Beatson Institute</a> in Scotland have made an interesting discovery about how skin develops – a discovery that also helps us understand <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://cancerhelp.cancerresearchuk.org/type/melanoma/">melanoma</a> a bit better too.</p> <p>The researchers were looking at how immature skin pigment cells, called <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanoblast" target="_blank">melanoblasts</a>, move around and find their correct location in the developing skin in mice, before maturing into <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocyte" target="_blank">melanocytes</a> – pigment cells that can develop into melanoma when damaged (for example <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://www.sunsmart.org.uk/advice-and-prevention/sunburn/">by UV light</a>).</p> <p>Melanoblasts, scientists had previosuly discovered, move around by extending long ‘legs’ into the surrounding tissue and literally hauling themselves into the correct position.</p> <p>The Glasgow team, led by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://science.cancerresearchuk.org/research/who-and-what-we-fund/browse-by-location/glasgow/beatson-institute-for-cancer-research/laura-machesky-550">Professor Laura Machesky</a>, found that a gene known as <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAC1" target="_blank">Rac1</a> was a key player in this process. They also discovered that interfering with Rac1 stopped the melanoblasts from moving around, and prevented mice’s skin from becoming properly pigmented. They’ve published their findings in the journal <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/home" target="_blank">Developmental Cell</a>.</p> <p>But how is this relevant to cancer? We’ve tried to sum things up in a handy graphic, which you can see below:</p> <div id="attachment_5434" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 560px"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/melanocytes-800ish.jpg" target="_blank"><img class="size-full wp-image-5434 " title="Diagram showing how Rac1 is involved in the spread of melanoblasts" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709im_/http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/melanocytes-550px-bigtext.jpg" alt="Diagram showing how Rac1 is involved in the spread of melanoblasts" width="550" height="378"/></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Click to enlarge</p></div> <p>Although every cell in our body contains the full complement of 30,000 genes, only a subset are switched on in a given cell at a given point in its life-cycle. Consequently, Rac1 is only switched on at certain times – in this case during melanoblasts’ development.</p> <p>But cancer cells, with their highly disordered and damaged DNA, seem to switch many of these developmental genes back on. In fact, cancer cells seem to regress back to their ‘childhood’ and start misbehaving.</p> <p>And there’s <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://www.nature.com/onc/journal/v24/n8/abs/1208177a.html" target="_blank">a fair amount</a> of <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1223636/" target="_blank">evidence</a> that Rac1 is indeed switched on in melanoma cells.</p> <p>Given that researchers now know that Rac1 is a key player in how early pigment cells move around in the developing skin in mice, this suggests that the gene could be doing a similar job in melanoma cells in humans. More work is needed to find out if this holds true, but if it does then interfering with Rac1 – or other proteins it works with – in cancer cells could be a way to stop melanoma spreading (provided, of course, that this doesn’t interfere with the body’s day-to-day functioning).</p> <p>It’s a small step, but science is a series of small steps that often take us in surprising new directions. We’ll be following the Beatson team’s future work with interest.</p> <p>Henry</p> <p>Image <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MITF_immunostained_malignant_melanocytes_01.jpg" target="_blank">via Wikimedia Commons</a></p> <hr/> <h4>Reference:</h4> <ul> <li>Li et al: Rac1 drives melanoblast organization during mouse development by orchestrating pseudopod-driven motility and cell cycle progression.<em> Developmental Cell</em> (2011)</li> </ul> <div class="pd-rating" id="pd_rating_holder_4922776_post_5389"></div> <p><script type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8"><![CDATA[//><!]]></script></p> <div class="snap_nopreview sharing robots-nocontent"><ul><li class="sharing_label">Share this:</li><li class="share-twitter share-regular"><div class="twitter_button"><iframe allowtransparency="true" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709if_/http://platform.twitter.com/widgets/tweet_button.html?url=http%3A%2F%2Fscienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org%2F2011%2F09%2F15%2Fchildish-cells-with-legs-provide-clues-to-skin-cancer%2F&counturl=http%3A%2F%2Fscienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org%2F2011%2F09%2F15%2Fchildish-cells-with-legs-provide-clues-to-skin-cancer%2F&count=horizontal&text=Childish%20cells%20with%20legs%20provide%20clues%20to%20skin%20cancer: " style="width:97px; 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Bookmark the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2011/09/15/childish-cells-with-legs-provide-clues-to-skin-cancer/" title="Permalink to Childish cells with legs provide clues to skin cancer" rel="bookmark">permalink</a>. </footer> </article> <div id="comments"> <h2 id="comments-title"> 2 thoughts on “<span>Childish cells with legs provide clues to skin cancer</span>” </h2> <ol class="commentlist"> <li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="li-comment-3243"> <article id="comment-3243" class="comment"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <span class="fn">Carol Selemba</span> on <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2011/09/15/childish-cells-with-legs-provide-clues-to-skin-cancer/#comment-3243"><time pubdate datetime="2011-09-15T16:43:21+00:00">September 15, 2011 at 4:43 pm</time></a> <span class="says">said:</span> </div> </footer> <div class="comment-content"><p>So interested to hear of this wonderful research. I lost my dear husband to Melanoma 2 years ago at the tender age of 55years so awful to watch the suffering hope this is a wonderful find.</p> <div class="pd-rating" id="pd_rating_holder_4922781_comm_3243"></div> <script type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8"><![CDATA[//><!]]></script></div> <div class="reply"> </div> </article> </li> <li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="li-comment-3247"> <article id="comment-3247" class="comment"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <span class="fn">Sid</span> on <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2011/09/15/childish-cells-with-legs-provide-clues-to-skin-cancer/#comment-3247"><time pubdate datetime="2011-09-16T07:09:17+00:00">September 16, 2011 at 7:09 am</time></a> <span class="says">said:</span> </div> </footer> <div class="comment-content"><p>This research becomes all the more useful in the light of global climatic changes.<br/> With malignant melanoma cases increasing at an alarming rate across the globe, it is a cause of concern.</p> <div class="pd-rating" id="pd_rating_holder_4922781_comm_3247"></div> <script type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8"><![CDATA[//><!]]></script></div> <div class="reply"> </div> </article> </li> </ol> <div id="respond"> <h3 id="reply-title">Leave a reply <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/web/20110925024709/http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2011/09/15/childish-cells-with-legs-provide-clues-to-skin-cancer/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a></small></h3> <form action="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform"> Please feel free to leave a comment in the box below. 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[…]">Skin cancer expert to lead Manchester's Paterson Institute</a> <span class="rss-date">September 22, 2011</span></li><li><a class="rsswidget" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/news/archive/cancernews/2011-09-21-Scientists-find-first-ever-gene-fusion-in-ovarian-cancer?rss=true" title="In a world's first, US researchers have found a particular gene fault - called a gene fusion - is present in a significant proportion of difficult-to-treat ovarian cancers. […]">Scientists find first ever 'gene fusion' in ovarian cancer</a> <span class="rss-date">September 21, 2011</span></li><li><a class="rsswidget" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/news/archive/cancernews/2011-09-20-Prostate-cancer-drug-abiraterone-launched-in-UK?rss=true" title="A new prostate cancer drug, developed with support from Cancer Research UK, has been launched in the UK following its licensing by the European Medicines Authority. […]">Prostate cancer drug abiraterone launched in UK</a> <span class="rss-date">September 20, 2011</span></li><li><a class="rsswidget" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/news/archive/cancernews/2011-09-19-Glowing-cells-guide-ovarian-cancer-surgery?rss=true" title="Dutch surgeons have performed the first ever surgical procedures on ovarian cancer patients using new technology that illuminates ovarian cancer cells, making it easier to detect and remove tumours. […]">Glowing cells guide ovarian cancer surgery</a> <span class="rss-date">September 19, 2011</span></li><li><a class="rsswidget" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/news/archive/cancernews/2011-09-16-New-insight-into-how-alcohol-is-linked-to-breast-and-liver-cancers?rss=true" title="A US laboratory study has revealed how the breakdown of alcohol in human cells results in DNA damage that causes cell changes linked to cancer. 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://www.nhs.uk/News/Pages/NewsIndex.aspx" title="Health news, explained by the NHS" target="_blank">NHS Choices – Behind the Headlines</a> Health news, explained by the NHS</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://wellcometrust.wordpress.com/" title="The Wellcome Trust’s blog" target="_blank">Wellcome Trust blog</a> The Wellcome Trust’s blog</li> </ul> </aside> <aside id="archives-2" class="widget widget_archive"><h3 class="widget-title">Monthly archives</h3> <select name="archive-dropdown" onchange="document.location.href=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;"> <option value="">Select Month</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2011/09/"> September 2011  (7)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2011/08/"> August 2011  (17)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2011/07/"> July 2011  (20)</option> <option 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value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2009/09/"> September 2009  (13)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2009/08/"> August 2009  (11)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2009/07/"> July 2009  (11)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2009/06/"> June 2009  (13)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2009/05/"> May 2009  (10)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2009/04/"> April 2009  (10)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2009/03/"> March 2009  (14)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2009/02/"> February 2009  (16)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2009/01/"> January 2009  (16)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2008/12/"> December 2008  (10)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2008/11/"> November 2008  (13)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2008/10/"> October 2008  (22)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2008/09/"> September 2008  (11)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2008/08/"> August 2008  (9)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2008/07/"> July 2008  (10)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2008/06/"> June 2008  (10)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2008/05/"> May 2008  (10)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2008/02/"> February 2008  (3)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2008/01/"> January 2008  (4)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2007/12/"> December 2007  (2)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2007/11/"> November 2007  (6)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2007/10/"> October 2007  (5)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2007/09/"> September 2007  (6)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2007/08/"> August 2007  (11)</option> <option value="http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2007/07/"> July 2007  (9)</option> </select> </aside><aside id="text-5" class="widget widget_text"><h3 class="widget-title">License</h3> <div class="textwidget"><div align="center"><a rel="license" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/uk/"> <img align="center" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709im_/http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nd/2.0/uk/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License"> </a> <br>This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925024709/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/uk/">Creative Commons Licence</a>.</div> </div> </aside> </div> 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