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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">International efforts to resolve the Western Sahara conflict</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Western_Sahara_peace_process" title="Special:EditPage/Western Sahara peace process">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Western+Sahara+peace+process%22">"Western Sahara peace process"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Western+Sahara+peace+process%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Western+Sahara+peace+process%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Western+Sahara+peace+process%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Western+Sahara+peace+process%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Western+Sahara+peace+process%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Western Sahara peace process</b> refers to the international efforts to resolve the <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a>. The conflict has failed so far to result in permanent peace between <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Polisario_Front" title="Polisario Front">Polisario Front</a> (including its self declared <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a>). The standing issues of the peace process include <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_refugees" title="Sahrawi refugees">Sahrawi refugees</a> (specifically <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_refugee_camps" title="Sahrawi refugee camps">Sahrawi refugee camps</a> in Algeria), and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Western_Sahara" title="Human rights in Western Sahara">human rights in Western Sahara</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Sahara_peace_process&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:18em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding:0.5em 0.5em 0;">Part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:150%;padding-top:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:1.0em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Sahara_conflict_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Western_Sahara_conflict_map.svg/200px-Western_Sahara_conflict_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Western_Sahara_conflict_map.svg/300px-Western_Sahara_conflict_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Western_Sahara_conflict_map.svg/400px-Western_Sahara_conflict_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1472" data-file-height="1304" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lightsteelblue;padding:0.2em;"> Background</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Sahara" title="Spanish Sahara">Spanish Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Morocco" title="Greater Morocco">Greater Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mauritania" title="Greater Mauritania">Greater Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Army_of_Liberation" title="Moroccan Army of Liberation">Moroccan Army of Liberation</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_Saguia_el_Hamra_and_Wadi_el_Dhahab" title="Movement for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab">Movement for the Liberation of<br />Saguia el Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polisario_Front" title="Polisario Front">Polisario Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_National_Union_Party" title="Sahrawi National Union Party">Sahrawi National Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Accords" title="Madrid Accords">Madrid Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_partition_agreement" title="Western Sahara partition agreement">Partition agreement</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lightsteelblue;padding:0.2em;"> Regions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saguia_el-Hamra" title="Saguia el-Hamra">Saguia el-Hamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_Oro" title="Río de Oro">Río de Oro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Provinces" title="Southern Provinces">Southern Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiris_al-Gharbiyya" title="Tiris al-Gharbiyya">Tiris al-Gharbiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Zone_(region)" title="Free Zone (region)">Free Zone</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lightsteelblue;padding:0.2em;"> Politics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Western_Sahara" title="Annexation of Western Sahara">Annexation of Western Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Western_Sahara" title="Political status of Western Sahara">Political status of Western Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Morocco" title="Foreign relations of Morocco">Foreign relations of Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhzen" title="Makhzen">Makhzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Politics of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Politics of the SADR</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Advisory_Council_for_Saharan_Affairs" title="Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs">Royal Advisory Council<br />for Saharan Affairs</a></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lightsteelblue;padding:0.2em;"> Clashes</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ifni_War" title="Ifni War">Ifni War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemla_Intifada" title="Zemla Intifada">Zemla Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sahrawi_Intifada" title="First Sahrawi Intifada">First Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sahrawi_Intifada" title="Second Sahrawi Intifada">Independence Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gdeim_Izik_protest_camp" title="Gdeim Izik protest camp">Gdeim Izik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Western_Saharan_protests" title="2011 Western Saharan protests">Arab Spring protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_clashes_(2020%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)">2020–present clashes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Western_Saharan_clashes_(2020%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of the Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)">Timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lightsteelblue;padding:0.2em;"> Issues</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_refugees" title="Sahrawi refugees">Refugees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_refugee_camps" title="Sahrawi refugee camps">camps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_nationality_law" title="Sahrawi nationality law">Sahrawi nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_March" title="Green March">Green March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_settlers" title="Moroccan settlers">Moroccan settlers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Western_Sahara_Wall" title="Moroccan Western Sahara Wall">Moroccan Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Western_Sahara" title="Human rights in Western Sahara">Human rights</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lightsteelblue;padding:0.2em;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peace process</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Western_Sahara" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Western Sahara">UN resolutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_United_Nations_visiting_mission_to_Spanish_Sahara" title="1975 United Nations visiting mission to Spanish Sahara">UN visiting mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_for_the_Referendum_in_Western_Sahara" title="United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara">UN referendum mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_opinion_on_Western_Sahara" title="Advisory opinion on Western Sahara">ICJ Advisory Opinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settlement_Plan" title="Settlement Plan">Settlement Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Agreement" title="Houston Agreement">Houston Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Plan" title="Baker Plan">Baker Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhasset_negotiations" title="Manhasset negotiations">Manhasset negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_Autonomy_Proposal" title="Western Sahara Autonomy Proposal">Autonomy Proposal</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Template:Western Sahara conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Template talk:Western Sahara conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Western Sahara conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a> is an ongoing conflict between the <a href="/wiki/Polisario_Front" title="Polisario Front">Polisario Front</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahrawi people">Sahrawi people</a> and the state of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. The conflict is the continuation of the past insurgency by Polisario against the Spanish colonial forces in 1973–1975 and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a> between the Polisario and Morocco (1975–1991). Today the conflict is dominated by unarmed civil campaigns of the Polisario Front and their self-proclaimed SADR state to gain fully recognized independence for Western Sahara. </p><p>The conflict escalated after the withdrawal of Spain from the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Sahara" title="Spanish Sahara">Spanish Sahara</a> in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Accords" title="Madrid Accords">Madrid Accords</a>. Beginning in 1975, the Polisario Front, backed by <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, waged a 16-year-long war for independence against <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> and Morocco. In February 1976, the Polisario Front declared the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a>, which was not admitted into the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, but won <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="International recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">limited recognition by a number of other states</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Western_Sahara" title="Annexation of Western Sahara">annexation of Western Sahara</a> by Morocco and Mauritania in 1976, and the Polisario Front's declaration of independence, the UN addressed the conflict via a resolution reaffirming the right to self-determination of the Sahrawi people.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1977, France intervened,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> as the conflict reached its peak intensity. In 1979, Mauritania withdrew from the conflict and territories, leading to a stalemate through most of the 1980s. After several more engagements between 1989 and 1991, a cease-fire agreement was reached between the Polisario Front and the Moroccan government. At the time, most of the Western Sahara territory remained under Moroccan control, while the Polisario claims to control some 20% of the territory even though this is <a href="/wiki/MINURSO" class="mw-redirect" title="MINURSO">MINURSO</a> zone, with additional pockets of control in the <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_refugee_camps" title="Sahrawi refugee camps">Sahrawi refugee camps</a> along the Algerian border. At present, these borders are largely unchanged. </p><p>Despite multiple peace initiatives through the 1990s and early 2000s, the conflict reemerged as the "<a href="/wiki/Independence_Intifada_(Western_Sahara)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Intifada (Western Sahara)">Independence Intifada</a>" in 2005; a series of disturbances, demonstrations and riots, which broke out in May 2005 in the Moroccan-held portions of Western Sahara, and lasted until November of that same year. In late 2010, the protests re-erupted in the <a href="/wiki/Gdeim_Izik_protest_camp" title="Gdeim Izik protest camp">Gdeim Izik refugee camp</a> in Western Sahara. While the protests were initially peaceful, they were later marked by clashes between civilians and security forces, resulting in dozens of casualties on both sides. Another series of <a href="/wiki/2011_Western_Saharan_protests" title="2011 Western Saharan protests">protests</a> began on 26 February 2011, as a reaction to the failure of police to prevent anti-Sahrawi looting in the city of <a href="/wiki/Dakhla,_Western_Sahara" title="Dakhla, Western Sahara">Dakhla, Western Sahara</a>; protests soon spread throughout the territory. Though sporadic demonstrations continue, the movement had largely subsided by May 2011. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographic_issues">Demographic issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Sahara_peace_process&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Demographic issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the 1975 <a href="/wiki/Green_March" title="Green March">Green March</a>, the Moroccan state has sponsored <a href="/wiki/Category:Settlement_schemes" title="Category:Settlement schemes">settlement schemes</a> enticing thousands of Moroccans of <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahrawi people">Sahraoui</a> origin to move into the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Provinces" title="Southern Provinces">Moroccan-occupied part</a> of Western Sahara (80% of the territory). By 2015, it was estimated that Moroccan settlers made up at least two thirds of the <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Western_Sahara" title="Demographics of Western Sahara">500,000 inhabitants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to guaranteeing a <a href="/wiki/Right_of_return" title="Right of return">right of return</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_refugees" title="Sahrawi refugees">Sahrawi refugees</a>, the Sahrawi <a href="/wiki/Government_in_exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Government in exile">government in exile</a> has indicated a willingness to offer <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_nationality_law#Status_of_Moroccan_settlers" title="Sahrawi nationality law">Sahrawi citizenship to Moroccan settlers and their descendants</a> in a future independent state.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peace_process_chronology">Peace process chronology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Sahara_peace_process&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Peace process chronology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice_Advisory_Opinion_on_Western_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion on Western Sahara">International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion on Western Sahara</a> 1975</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_United_Nations_visiting_mission_to_Spanish_Sahara" title="1975 United Nations visiting mission to Spanish Sahara">1975 United Nations visiting mission to Spanish Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_for_the_Referendum_in_Western_Sahara" title="United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara">United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settlement_Plan" title="Settlement Plan">Settlement Plan</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Agreement" title="Houston Agreement">Houston Agreement</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Plan" title="Baker Plan">Baker Plan</a> (2000 and 2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhasset_negotiations" title="Manhasset negotiations">Manhasset negotiations</a> (2007–2008)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_Nations_resolutions">United Nations resolutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Sahara_peace_process&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: United Nations resolutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Western_Sahara" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Western Sahara">List of United Nations resolutions concerning Western Sahara</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Sahara_peace_process&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process" title="Israeli–Palestinian peace process">Israeli–Palestinian peace process</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Sahara_peace_process&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/001/71/IMG/NR000171.pdf?OpenElement">UN Resolution 3458. Question of Spanish Sahara 1–3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/06/morocco-western-sahara-referendum-delay">"Western Sahara's stranded refugees consider renewal of Morocco conflict"</a>. 6 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Western+Sahara%27s+stranded+refugees+consider+renewal+of+Morocco+conflict&rft.date=2015-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fjan%2F06%2Fmorocco-western-sahara-referendum-delay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Sahara+peace+process" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iss.co.za/dynamic/administration/file_manager/file_links/OP155.PDF?link_id=21&slink_id=5215&link_type=12&slink_type=23&tmpl_id=3">South African Institute for Security Studies</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geo.international.gc.ca/world/site/includes/print.asp?lang=fr&print=1&url=%2Fcanada_un%2Fottawa%2Fcanada_un%2Funupdate-fr.asp&id=9376">Canadian Government Website report on SADR offer of citizenship to Moroccan settlers</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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