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B-spline basis</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: cubic B-spline basis"> <meta name="keywords" content="cubic B-spline basis"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="cubic B-spline basis"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3713</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: cubic B-spline basis</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3713</span> Convergence Analysis of Cubic B-Spline Collocation Method for Time Dependent Parabolic Advection-Diffusion Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharti%20Gupta">Bharti Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20K.%20Kukreja"> V. K. Kukreja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A comprehensive numerical study is presented for the solution of time-dependent advection diffusion problems by using cubic B-spline collocation method. The linear combination of cubic B-spline basis, taken as approximating function, is evaluated using the zeros of shifted Chebyshev polynomials as collocation points in each element to obtain the best approximation. A comparison, on the basis of efficiency and accuracy, with the previous techniques is made which confirms the superiority of the proposed method. An asymptotic convergence analysis of technique is also discussed, and the method is found to be of order two. The theoretical analysis is supported with suitable examples to show second order convergence of technique. Different numerical examples are simulated using MATLAB in which the 3-D graphical presentation has taken at different time steps as well as different domain of interest. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cubic%20B-spline%20basis" title="cubic B-spline basis">cubic B-spline basis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20norms" title=" spectral norms"> spectral norms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shifted%20Chebyshev%20polynomials" title=" shifted Chebyshev polynomials"> shifted Chebyshev polynomials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collocation%20points" title=" collocation points"> collocation points</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20estimates" title=" error estimates"> error estimates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73363/convergence-analysis-of-cubic-b-spline-collocation-method-for-time-dependent-parabolic-advection-diffusion-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73363.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3712</span> Collocation Method for Coupled System of Boundary Value Problems with Cubic B-Splines </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20N.%20S.%20Kasi%20Viswanadham">K. N. S. Kasi Viswanadham </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coupled system of second order linear and nonlinear boundary value problems occur in various fields of Science and Engineering. In the formulation of the problem, any one of 81 possible types of boundary conditions may occur. These 81 possible boundary conditions are written as a combination of four boundary conditions. To solve a coupled system of boundary value problem with these converted boundary conditions, a collocation method with cubic B-splines as basis functions has been developed. In the collocation method, the mesh points of the space variable domain have been selected as the collocation points. The basis functions have been redefined into a new set of basis functions which in number match with the number of mesh points in the space variable domain. The solution of a non-linear boundary value problem has been obtained as the limit of a sequence of solutions of linear boundary value problems generated by quasilinearization technique. Several linear and nonlinear boundary value problems are presented to test the efficiency of the proposed method and found that numerical results obtained by the present method are in good agreement with the exact solutions available in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collocation%20method" title="collocation method">collocation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupled%20system" title=" coupled system"> coupled system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cubic%20b-splines" title=" cubic b-splines"> cubic b-splines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesh%20points" title=" mesh points"> mesh points</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54713/collocation-method-for-coupled-system-of-boundary-value-problems-with-cubic-b-splines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3711</span> Remarks on the Lattice Green's Function for the Anisotropic Face Cantered Cubic Lattice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihad%20H.%20Asad">Jihad H. Asad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An expression for the Green’s function (GF) of anisotropic face cantered cubic (IFCC) lattice is evaluated analytically and numerically for a single impurity problem. The density of states (DOS), phase shift and scattering cross section are expressed in terms of complete elliptic integrals of the first kind. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lattice%20Green%27s%20function" title="lattice Green's function">lattice Green's function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elliptic%20integral" title=" elliptic integral"> elliptic integral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physics" title=" physics"> physics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cubic%20lattice" title=" cubic lattice"> cubic lattice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5976/remarks-on-the-lattice-greens-function-for-the-anisotropic-face-cantered-cubic-lattice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5976.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3710</span> Theoretical Investigation on Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Cubic PrMnO3 Perovskite </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Bouadjemi">B. Bouadjemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bentata"> S. Bentata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Benstaali"> W. Benstaali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abbad"> A. Abbad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Lantri"> T. Lantri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Zitouni"> A. Zitouni </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural,electronic and magnetic properties of the cubic praseodymium oxides perovskites PrMnO3. It includes our calculations based on the use of the density functional theory (DFT) with both generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and GGA+U approaches, The spin polarized electronic band structures and densities of states as well as the integer value of the magnetic moment of the unit cell (6 μB) illustrate that PrMnO3 is half-metallic ferromagnetic. The study prove that the compound is half-metallic ferromagnetic however the results obtained, make the cubic PrMnO3 a promising candidate for application in spintronics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cubic" title="cubic">cubic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT" title=" DFT"> DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20properties" title=" electronic properties"> electronic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20moment" title=" magnetic moment"> magnetic moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spintronics" title=" spintronics"> spintronics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15264/theoretical-investigation-on-electronic-and-magnetic-properties-of-cubic-prmno3-perovskite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3709</span> Upper Bounds on the Paired Domination Number of Cubic Graphs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bin%20Sheng">Bin Sheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changhong%20Lu"> Changhong Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Let G be a simple undirected graph with no isolated vertex. A paired dominating set of G is a dominating set which induces a subgraph that has a perfect matching. The paired domination number of G, denoted by γₚᵣ(G), is the size of its smallest paired dominating set. Goddard and Henning conjectured that γₚᵣ(G) ≤ 4n/7 holds for every graph G with δ(G) ≥ 3, except the Petersen Graph. In this paper, we prove this conjecture for cubic graphs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paired%20dominating%20set" title="paired dominating set">paired dominating set</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upper%20bound" title=" upper bound"> upper bound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cubic%20graphs" title=" cubic graphs"> cubic graphs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight%20function" title=" weight function"> weight function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136021/upper-bounds-on-the-paired-domination-number-of-cubic-graphs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3708</span> Evidence of Half-Metallicity in Cubic PrMnO3 Perovskite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Bouadjemi">B. Bouadjemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bentata"> S. Bentata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Benstaali"> W. Benstaali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abbad"> A. Abbad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The electronic and magnetic properties of the cubic praseodymium oxides perovskites PrMnO3 were calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) with both generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and GGA+U approaches, where U is on-site Coulomb interaction correction. The results show a half-metallic ferromagnetic ground state for PrMnO3 in GGA+U approached, while semi-metallic ferromagnetic character is observed in GGA. The results obtained, make the cubic PrMnO3 a promising candidate for application in spintronics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first-principles" title="first-principles">first-principles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20properties" title=" electronic properties"> electronic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition%20metal" title=" transition metal"> transition metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=materials%20science" title=" materials science"> materials science</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1436/evidence-of-half-metallicity-in-cubic-prmno3-perovskite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3707</span> Phase Transitions of Cerium and Neodymium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Khundadze">M. Khundadze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Varazashvili"> V. Varazashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Lejava"> N. Lejava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Jorbenadze"> R. Jorbenadze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phase transitions of cerium and neodymium are investigated by using high-temperature scanning calorimeter (HT-1500 Seteram). For cerium two types of transformation are detected: at 350-372 K - hexagonal close packing (hcp) - face-centered cubic lattice (fcc) transition, and at 880-960K the face-centered cubic lattice (fcc) transformation into body-centered cubic lattice (bcc). For neodymium changing of hexagonal close packing (hcp) into the body-centered cubic lattice (bcc) is detected at 1093-1113K. The thermal characteristics of transitions – enthalpy, entropy, temperature domains – are reported. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerium" title="cerium">cerium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calorimetry" title=" calorimetry"> calorimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enthalpy%20of%20phase%20transitions" title=" enthalpy of phase transitions"> enthalpy of phase transitions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neodymium" title=" neodymium "> neodymium </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28941/phase-transitions-of-cerium-and-neodymium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3706</span> Thermal Effects of Phase Transitions of Cerium and Neodymium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Khundadze">M. Khundadze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Varazashvili"> V. Varazashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Lejava"> N. Lejava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Jorbenadze"> R. Jorbenadze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phase transitions of cerium and neodymium are investigated by using high temperature scanning calorimeter (HT-1500 Seteram). For cerium two types of transformation are detected: at 350-372 K - hexagonal close packing (hcp) - face-centered cubic lattice (fcc) transition, and in 880-960K the face-centered cubic lattice (fcc) transformation into body-centered cubic lattice (bcc). For neodymium changing of hexagonal close packing (hcp) into body-centered cubic lattice (bcc) is detected at 1093-1113K. The thermal characteristics of transitions – enthalpy, entropy, temperature domains – are reported. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerium" title="cerium">cerium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calorimetry" title=" calorimetry"> calorimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neodymium" title=" neodymium"> neodymium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enthalpy%20of%20phase%20transitions" title=" enthalpy of phase transitions"> enthalpy of phase transitions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neodymium" title=" neodymium "> neodymium </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27896/thermal-effects-of-phase-transitions-of-cerium-and-neodymium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3705</span> Solution of S3 Problem of Deformation Mechanics for a Definite Condition and Resulting Modifications of Important Failure Theories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranajay%20Bhowmick">Ranajay Bhowmick</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analysis of stresses for an infinitesimal tetrahedron leads to a situation where we obtain a cubic equation consisting of three stress invariants. This cubic equation, when solved for a definite condition, gives the principal stresses directly without requiring any cumbersome and time-consuming trial and error methods or iterative numerical procedures. Since the failure criterion of different materials are generally expressed as functions of principal stresses, an attempt has been made in this study to incorporate the solutions of the cubic equation in the form of principal stresses, obtained for a definite condition, into some of the established failure theories to determine their modified descriptions. It has been observed that the failure theories can be represented using the quadratic stress invariant and the orientation of the principal plane. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cubic%20equation" title="cubic equation">cubic equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20invariant" title=" stress invariant"> stress invariant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trigonometric" title=" trigonometric"> trigonometric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explicit%20solution" title=" explicit solution"> explicit solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20stress" title=" principal stress"> principal stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20criterion" title=" failure criterion"> failure criterion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128515/solution-of-s3-problem-of-deformation-mechanics-for-a-definite-condition-and-resulting-modifications-of-important-failure-theories" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3704</span> Cryptography Over Sextic Extension with Cubic Subfield</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Chillali">A. Chillali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sahmoudi"> M. Sahmoudi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we will give a method for encoding the elements of the ring of integers of sextic extension, namely L = Q(a,b) which is a rational quadratic over cubic field K =Q(a) where a^{2} is a rational square free integer and b is a root of irreducible polynomiale of degree 3. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coding" title="coding">coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integral%20bases" title=" integral bases"> integral bases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sextic" title=" sextic"> sextic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadratic" title=" quadratic"> quadratic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24264/cryptography-over-sextic-extension-with-cubic-subfield" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3703</span> A Comparative Study on Optimized Bias Current Density Performance of Cubic ZnB-GaN with Hexagonal 4H-SiC Based Impatts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnab%20Majumdar">Arnab Majumdar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srimani%20Sen"> Srimani Sen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a vivid simulated study has been made on 35 GHz Ka-band window frequency in order to judge and compare the DC and high frequency properties of cubic ZnB-GaN with the existing hexagonal 4H-SiC. A flat profile p<sup>+</sup>pnn<sup>+</sup> DDR structure of impatt is chosen and is optimized at a particular bias current density with respect to efficiency and output power taking into consideration the effect of mobile space charge also. The simulated results obtained reveals the strong potentiality of impatts based on both cubic ZnB-GaN and hexagonal 4H-SiC. The DC-to-millimeter wave conversion efficiency for cubic ZnB-GaN impatt obtained is 50% with an estimated output power of 2.83 W at an optimized bias current density of 2.5×10<sup>8</sup> A/m<sup>2</sup>. The conversion efficiency and estimated output power in case of hexagonal 4H-SiC impatt obtained is 22.34% and 40 W respectively at an optimum bias current density of 0.06×10<sup>8</sup> A/m<sup>2</sup>. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cubic%20ZnB-GaN" title="cubic ZnB-GaN">cubic ZnB-GaN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hexagonal%204H-SiC" title=" hexagonal 4H-SiC"> hexagonal 4H-SiC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20drift%20impatt%20diode" title=" double drift impatt diode"> double drift impatt diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=millimetre%20wave" title=" millimetre wave"> millimetre wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimised%20bias%20current%20density" title=" optimised bias current density"> optimised bias current density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wide%20band%20gap%20semiconductor" title=" wide band gap semiconductor"> wide band gap semiconductor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44725/a-comparative-study-on-optimized-bias-current-density-performance-of-cubic-znb-gan-with-hexagonal-4h-sic-based-impatts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3702</span> Cubic Trigonometric B-Spline Approach to Numerical Solution of Wave Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shazalina%20Mat%20Zin">Shazalina Mat Zin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Abd.%20Majid"> Ahmad Abd. Majid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Izani%20Md.%20Ismail"> Ahmad Izani Md. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Abbas"> Muhammad Abbas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The generalized wave equation models various problems in sciences and engineering. In this paper, a new three-time level implicit approach based on cubic trigonometric B-spline for the approximate solution of wave equation is developed. The usual finite difference approach is used to discretize the time derivative while cubic trigonometric B-spline is applied as an interpolating function in the space dimension. Von Neumann stability analysis is used to analyze the proposed method. Two problems are discussed to exhibit the feasibility and capability of the method. The absolute errors and maximum error are computed to assess the performance of the proposed method. The results were found to be in good agreement with known solutions and with existing schemes in literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collocation%20method" title="collocation method">collocation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cubic%20trigonometric%20B-spline" title=" cubic trigonometric B-spline"> cubic trigonometric B-spline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20difference" title=" finite difference"> finite difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20equation" title=" wave equation"> wave equation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10136/cubic-trigonometric-b-spline-approach-to-numerical-solution-of-wave-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">541</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3701</span> The Soliton Solution of the Quadratic-Cubic Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarun%20Phibanchon">Sarun Phibanchon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuttakarn%20Rattanachai"> Yuttakarn Rattanachai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The quadratic-cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation can be explained the weakly ion-acoustic waves in magnetized plasma with a slightly non-Maxwellian electron distribution by using the Madelung's fluid picture. However, the soliton solution to the quadratic-cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation is determined by using the direct integration. By the characteristics of a soliton, the solution can be claimed that it's a soliton by considering its time evolution and their collisions between two solutions. These results are shown by applying the spectral method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soliton" title="soliton">soliton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion-acoustic%20waves" title=" ion-acoustic waves"> ion-acoustic waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma" title=" plasma"> plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20method" title=" spectral method"> spectral method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32663/the-soliton-solution-of-the-quadratic-cubic-nonlinear-schrodinger-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3700</span> Robust Half-Metallicity and Magnetic Properties of Cubic PrMnO3 Perovskite </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Bouadjemi">B. Bouadjemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bentata"> S. Bentata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Benstaali"> W. Benstaali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abbad"> A. Abbad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Lantri"> T. Lantri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Zitouni"> A. Zitouni </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural,electronic and magnetic properties of the cubic praseodymium oxides perovskites PrMnO3. It includes our calculations based on the use of the density functional theory (DFT) with both generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and GGA+U approaches, The spin polarized electronic band structures and densities of states aswellas the integer value of the magnetic moment of the unit cell (6 μB) illustrate that PrMnO3 is half-metallic ferromagnetic. The study shows that the robust half-metallicity makes the cubic PrMnO3 a promising candidate for application in spintronics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Perovskite" title="Perovskite">Perovskite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT" title=" DFT"> DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20properties" title=" electronic properties"> electronic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magnetic%20moment" title=" Magnetic moment"> Magnetic moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=half-metallic" title=" half-metallic"> half-metallic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15262/robust-half-metallicity-and-magnetic-properties-of-cubic-prmno3-perovskite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15262.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3699</span> Curve Fitting by Cubic Bezier Curves Using Migrating Birds Optimization Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mitat%20Uysal">Mitat Uysal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new met heuristic optimization algorithm called as Migrating Birds Optimization is used for curve fitting by rational cubic Bezier Curves. This requires solving a complicated multivariate optimization problem. In this study, the solution of this optimization problem is achieved by Migrating Birds Optimization algorithm that is a powerful met heuristic nature-inspired algorithm well appropriate for optimization. The results of this study show that the proposed method performs very well and being able to fit the data points to cubic Bezier Curves with a high degree of accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithms" title="algorithms">algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bezier%20curves" title=" Bezier curves"> Bezier curves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heuristic%20optimization" title=" heuristic optimization"> heuristic optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migrating%20birds%20optimization" title=" migrating birds optimization"> migrating birds optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78026/curve-fitting-by-cubic-bezier-curves-using-migrating-birds-optimization-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78026.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3698</span> On the Basis Number and the Minimum Cycle Bases of the Wreath Product of Paths with Wheels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20M.%20Jaradat">M. M. M. Jaradat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For a given graph G, the set Ԑ of all subsets of E(G) forms an |E(G)| dimensional vector space over Z2 with vector addition X⊕Y = (X\Y ) [ (Y \X) and scalar multiplication 1.X = X and 0.X = Ø for all X, Yϵ Ԑ. The cycle space, C(G), of a graph G is the vector subspace of (E; ⊕; .) spanned by the cycles of G. Traditionally there have been two notions of minimality among bases of C(G). First, a basis B of G is called a d-fold if each edge of G occurs in at most d cycles of the basis B. The basis number, b(G), of G is the least non-negative integer d such that C(G) has a d-fold basis; a required basis of C(G) is a basis for which each edge of G belongs to at most b(G) elements of B. Second, a basis B is called a minimum cycle basis (MCB) if its total length Σ BϵB |B| is minimum among all bases of C(G). The lexicographic product GρH has the vertex set V (GρH) = V (G) x V (H) and the edge set E(GρH) = {(u1, v1)(u2, v2)|u1 = u2 and v1 v2 ϵ E(H); or u1u2 ϵ E(G) and there is α ϵ Aut(H) such that α (v1) = v2}. In this work, a construction of a minimum cycle basis for the wreath product of wheels with paths is presented. Also, the length of the longest cycle of a minimum cycle basis is determined. Moreover, the basis number for the wreath product of the same is investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cycle%20space" title="cycle space">cycle space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20cycle%20basis" title=" minimum cycle basis"> minimum cycle basis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basis%20number" title=" basis number"> basis number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wreath%20product" title=" wreath product"> wreath product</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2144/on-the-basis-number-and-the-minimum-cycle-bases-of-the-wreath-product-of-paths-with-wheels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3697</span> Tuning Cubic Equations of State for Supercritical Water Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shyh%20Ming%20Chern">Shyh Ming Chern</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cubic equations of state (EoS), popular due to their simple mathematical form, ease of use, semi-theoretical nature and, reasonable accuracy are normally fitted to vapor-liquid equilibrium P-v-T data. As a result, They often show poor accuracy in the region near and above the critical point. In this study, the performance of the renowned Peng-Robinson (PR) and Patel-Teja (PT) EoS’s around the critical area has been examined against the P-v-T data of water. Both of them display large deviations at critical point. For instance, PR-EoS exhibits discrepancies as high as 47% for the specific volume, 28% for the enthalpy departure and 43% for the entropy departure at critical point. It is shown that incorporating P-v-T data of the supercritical region into the retuning of a cubic EoS can improve its performance above the critical point dramatically. Adopting a retuned acentric factor of 0.5491 instead of its genuine value of 0.344 for water in PR-EoS and a new F of 0.8854 instead of its original value of 0.6898 for water in PT-EoS reduces the discrepancies to about one third or less. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equation%20of%20state" title="equation of state">equation of state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EoS" title=" EoS"> EoS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercritical%20water" title=" supercritical water"> supercritical water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCW" title=" SCW"> SCW</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2129/tuning-cubic-equations-of-state-for-supercritical-water-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">535</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3696</span> A Review on Higher-Order Spline Techniques for Solving Burgers Equation Using B-Spline Methods and Variation of B-Spline Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Khazaei%20Pool">Maryam Khazaei Pool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lori%20Lewis"> Lori Lewis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This is a summary of articles based on higher order B-splines methods and the variation of B-spline methods such as Quadratic B-spline Finite Elements Method, Exponential Cubic B-Spline Method, Septic B-spline Technique, Quintic B-spline Galerkin Method, and B-spline Galerkin Method based on the Quadratic B-spline Galerkin method (QBGM) and Cubic B-spline Galerkin method (CBGM). In this paper, we study the B-spline methods and variations of B-spline techniques to find a numerical solution to the Burgers’ equation. A set of fundamental definitions, including Burgers equation, spline functions, and B-spline functions, are provided. For each method, the main technique is discussed as well as the discretization and stability analysis. A summary of the numerical results is provided, and the efficiency of each method presented is discussed. A general conclusion is provided where we look at a comparison between the computational results of all the presented schemes. We describe the effectiveness and advantages of these methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burgers%E2%80%99%20equation" title="Burgers’ equation">Burgers’ equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Septic%20B-spline" title=" Septic B-spline"> Septic B-spline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20cubic%20B-spline%20differential%20quadrature%20method" title=" modified cubic B-spline differential quadrature method"> modified cubic B-spline differential quadrature method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exponential%20cubic%20B-spline%20technique" title=" exponential cubic B-spline technique"> exponential cubic B-spline technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B-spline%20Galerkin%20method" title=" B-spline Galerkin method"> B-spline Galerkin method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quintic%20B-spline%20Galerkin%20method" title=" quintic B-spline Galerkin method"> quintic B-spline Galerkin method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152585/a-review-on-higher-order-spline-techniques-for-solving-burgers-equation-using-b-spline-methods-and-variation-of-b-spline-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3695</span> Large Strain Compression-Tension Behavior of AZ31B Rolled Sheet in the Rolling Direction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Yazdanmehr">A. Yazdanmehr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Jahed"> H. Jahed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Being made with the lightest commercially available industrial metal, Magnesium (Mg) alloys are of interest for light-weighting. Expanding their application to different material processing methods requires Mg properties at large strains. Several room-temperature processes such as shot and laser peening and hole cold expansion need compressive large strain data. Two methods have been proposed in the literature to obtain the stress-strain curve at high strains: 1) anti-buckling guides and 2) small cubic samples. In this paper, an anti-buckling fixture is used with the help of digital image correlation (DIC) to obtain the compression-tension (C-T) of AZ31B-H24 rolled sheet at large strain values of up to 10.5%. The effect of the anti-bucking fixture on stress-strain curves is evaluated experimentally by comparing the results with those of the compression tests of cubic samples. For testing cubic samples, a new fixture has been designed to increase the accuracy of testing cubic samples with DIC strain measurements. Results show a negligible effect of anti-buckling on stress-strain curves, specifically at high strain values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20strain" title="large strain">large strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression-tension" title=" compression-tension"> compression-tension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loading-unloading" title=" loading-unloading"> loading-unloading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mg%20alloys" title=" Mg alloys"> Mg alloys</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89743/large-strain-compression-tension-behavior-of-az31b-rolled-sheet-in-the-rolling-direction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3694</span> Nonlinear Flow Behavior and Validity of the Cubic Law in a Rough Fracture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kunwar%20Mrityunjai%20Sharma">Kunwar Mrityunjai Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trilok%20Nath%20Singh"> Trilok Nath Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Navier-Stokes equation is used to study nonlinear fluid flow in rough 2D fractures. The major goal is to investigate the influence of inertial flow owing to fracture wall roughness on nonlinear flow behavior. Roughness profiles are developed using Barton's Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC) and used as fracture walls to assess wall roughness. Four JRC profiles (5, 11, 15, and 19) are employed in the study, where a higher number indicates higher roughness. A parametric study has been performed using varying pressure gradients, and the corresponding Forchheimer number is calculated to observe the nonlinear behavior. The results indicate that the fracture roughness has a significant effect on the onset of nonlinearity. Additionally, the validity of the cubic law is evaluated and observed that it overestimates the flow in rough fractures and should be used with utmost care. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture%20flow" title="fracture flow">fracture flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20flow" title=" nonlinear flow"> nonlinear flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cubic%20law" title=" cubic law"> cubic law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navier-stokes%20equation" title=" Navier-stokes equation"> Navier-stokes equation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149916/nonlinear-flow-behavior-and-validity-of-the-cubic-law-in-a-rough-fracture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3693</span> Anodization-Assisted Synthesis of Shape-Controlled Cubic Zirconia Nanotubes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Dauda%20Muhammad">Ibrahim Dauda Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mokhtar%20Awang"> Mokhtar Awang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To synthesize a specific phase of zirconia (ZrO₂) nanotubes, zirconium (Zr) foil was subjected to the anodization process in a fluorine-containing electrochemical bath for a fixed duration. The resulting zirconia nanotubes (ZNTs) were then characterized using various techniques, including UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD diffraction pattern confirmed that the ZNTs were crystalline, with a predominant texture along the [111] direction, indicating that the majority of the phase was cubic. TEM images revealed that most of the nanotubes were vertically aligned and self-organized, with diameters ranging from 32.9 to 38.8 nm and wall thicknesses between 3.0 and 7.3 nm. Additionally, the synthesized ZNTs had a length-to-width ratio of 235, which closely matches the ratio of 240 observed in another study where anodization was not used. This study demonstrates that a specific phase of zirconia nanotube can be successfully synthesized, with promising potential applications in catalysis and other areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zirconia%20nanotubes" title="zirconia nanotubes">zirconia nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anodization" title=" anodization"> anodization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cubic%20phase" title=" cubic phase"> cubic phase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192982/anodization-assisted-synthesis-of-shape-controlled-cubic-zirconia-nanotubes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3692</span> Generating Arabic Fonts Using Rational Cubic Ball Functions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fakharuddin%20Ibrahim">Fakharuddin Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamaludin%20Md.%20Ali"> Jamaludin Md. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Ramli"> Ahmad Ramli </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we will discuss about the data interpolation by using the rational cubic Ball curve. To generate a curve with a better and satisfactory smoothness, the curve segments must be connected with a certain amount of continuity. The continuity that we will consider is of type G<sup>1</sup> continuity. The conditions considered are known as the G<sup>1</sup> Hermite condition. A simple application of the proposed method is to generate an Arabic font satisfying the required continuity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20interpolation" title="data interpolation">data interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20ball%20curve" title=" rational ball curve"> rational ball curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hermite%20condition" title=" hermite condition"> hermite condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuity" title=" continuity"> continuity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44202/generating-arabic-fonts-using-rational-cubic-ball-functions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3691</span> Comparison for Some Elastic and Mechanical Properties of Plutonium Dioxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Guler">M. Guler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Guler"> E. Guler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We report some elastic parameters of cubic fluorite type neptunium dioxide (NpO2) with a recent EAM type interatomic potential through geometry optimization calculations. Typical cubic elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus, young modulus and other relevant elastic parameters were also calculated during research. After calculations, we have compared our results with the available theoretical data. Our results agree well with the previous theoretical findings of the considered quantities of NpO2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NpO2" title="NpO2">NpO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20properties" title=" elastic properties"> elastic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20modulus" title=" bulk modulus"> bulk modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35281/comparison-for-some-elastic-and-mechanical-properties-of-plutonium-dioxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3690</span> Every g-Riesz Basis is a Riesz Basis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Rashidi-Kouchi">Mehdi Rashidi-Kouchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asghar%20Rahimi"> Asghar Rahimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sun introduced a generalization of frames and showed that this includes more other cases of generalizations of frame concept and proved that many basic properties can be derived within this more general context. Another generalization of frames is frames in Hilbert C*-module. It has been proved that every g-frame in Hilbert space H respect to Hilbert space K is a frame for B(H;K) as Hilbert C*-module. We show that every g-Riesz basis for Hilbert space H respect to K by add a condition is a Riesz basis for Hilbert B(K)-module B(H;K). Also, we investigate similar result for g-orthonormal and orthogonal bases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frame" title="frame">frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=g-frame" title=" g-frame"> g-frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riesz%20basis" title=" Riesz basis"> Riesz basis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=g-Riesz%20basis" title=" g-Riesz basis"> g-Riesz basis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilbert%20C%2A-module" title=" Hilbert C*-module"> Hilbert C*-module</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17888/every-g-riesz-basis-is-a-riesz-basis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">471</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3689</span> A Benchmark for Some Elastic and Mechanical Properties of Uranium Dioxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20G%C3%BCler">E. Güler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20G%C3%BCler"> M. Güler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present some elastic parameters of cubic fluorite type uranium dioxide (UO2) with a recent EAM type interatomic potential through geometry optimization calculations. Typical cubic elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus, young modulus and other related elastic parameters were calculated during research. After calculations, we compared our results not only with the available theoretical data but also with previous experimental results. Our results are consistent with experiments and compare well the former theoretical results of the considered parameters of UO2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UO2" title="UO2">UO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20constants" title=" elastic constants"> elastic constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20modulus" title=" bulk modulus"> bulk modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35108/a-benchmark-for-some-elastic-and-mechanical-properties-of-uranium-dioxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3688</span> A Comparison for Some Elastic and Mechanical Properties of Neptunium Dioxide </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20G%C3%BCler">E. Güler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20G%C3%BCler"> M. Güler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We report some elastic quantities of cubic fluorite type plutonium dioxide (PuO2) with a recent EAM type interatomic potential through geometry optimization calculations. Typical cubic elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus, young modulus and other related elastic quantities were calculated during present research. After present calculations, we have compared our results with the existing theoretical data of literature. Our results are consistent with previous theoretical findings of the considered parameters of PuO2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PuO2" title="PuO2">PuO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20properties" title=" elastic properties"> elastic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20modulus" title=" bulk modulus"> bulk modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35323/a-comparison-for-some-elastic-and-mechanical-properties-of-neptunium-dioxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35323.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3687</span> Circular Approximation by Trigonometric Bézier Curves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Hussin">Maria Hussin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malik%20Zawwar%20Hussain"> Malik Zawwar Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubashrah%20Saddiqa"> Mubashrah Saddiqa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present a trigonometric scheme to approximate a circular arc with its two end points and two end tangents/unit tangents. A rational cubic trigonometric Bézier curve is constructed whose end control points are defined by the end points of the circular arc. Weight functions and the remaining control points of the cubic trigonometric Bézier curve are estimated by variational approach to reproduce a circular arc. The radius error is calculated and found less than the existing techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20points" title="control points">control points</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20trigonometric%20B%C3%A9zier%20curves" title=" rational trigonometric Bézier curves"> rational trigonometric Bézier curves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radius%20error" title=" radius error"> radius error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20measure" title=" shape measure"> shape measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight%20functions" title=" weight functions"> weight functions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15444/circular-approximation-by-trigonometric-bezier-curves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3686</span> Comparison between the Quadratic and the Cubic Linked Interpolation on the Mindlin Plate Four-Node Quadrilateral Finite Elements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dragan%20Ribari%C4%87">Dragan Ribarić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We employ the so-called problem-dependent linked interpolation concept to develop two cubic 4-node quadrilateral Mindlin plate finite elements with 12 external degrees of freedom. In the problem-independent linked interpolation, the interpolation functions are independent of any problem material parameters and the rotation fields are not expressed in terms of the nodal displacement parameters. On the contrary, in the problem-dependent linked interpolation, the interpolation functions depend on the material parameters and the rotation fields are expressed in terms of the nodal displacement parameters. Two cubic 4-node quadrilateral plate elements are presented, named Q4-U3 and Q4-U3R5. The first one is modelled with one displacement and two rotation degrees of freedom in every of the four element nodes and the second element has five additional internal degrees of freedom to get polynomial completeness of the cubic form and which can be statically condensed within the element. Both elements are able to pass the constant-bending patch test exactly as well as the non-zero constant-shear patch test on the oriented regular mesh geometry in the case of cylindrical bending. In any mesh shape, the elements have the correct rank and only the three eigenvalues, corresponding to the solid body motions are zero. There are no additional spurious zero modes responsible for instability of the finite element models. In comparison with the problem-independent cubic linked interpolation implemented in Q9-U3, the nine-node plate element, significantly less degrees of freedom are employed in the model while retaining the interpolation conformity between adjacent elements. The presented elements are also compared to the existing problem-independent quadratic linked-interpolation element Q4-U2 and to the other known elements that also use the quadratic or the cubic linked interpolation, by testing them on several benchmark examples. Simple functional upgrading from the quadratic to the cubic linked interpolation, implemented in Q4-U3 element, showed no significant improvement compared to the quadratic linked form of the Q4-U2 element. Only when the additional bubble terms are incorporated in the displacement and rotation function fields, which complete the full cubic linked interpolation form, qualitative improvement is fulfilled in the Q4-U3R5 element. Nevertheless, the locking problem exists even for the both presented elements, like in all pure displacement elements when applied to very thin plates modelled by coarse meshes. But good and even slightly better performance can be noticed for the Q4-U3R5 element when compared with elements from the literature, if the model meshes are moderately dense and the plate thickness not extremely thin. In some cases, it is comparable to or even better than Q9-U3 element which has as many as 12 more external degrees of freedom. A significant improvement can be noticed in particular when modeling very skew plates and models with singularities in the stress fields as well as circular plates with distorted meshes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mindlin%20plate%20theory" title="Mindlin plate theory">Mindlin plate theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=problem-independent%20linked%20interpolation" title=" problem-independent linked interpolation"> problem-independent linked interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=problem-dependent%20interpolation" title=" problem-dependent interpolation"> problem-dependent interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrilateral%20displacement-based%20plate%20finite%20elements" title=" quadrilateral displacement-based plate finite elements"> quadrilateral displacement-based plate finite elements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47597/comparison-between-the-quadratic-and-the-cubic-linked-interpolation-on-the-mindlin-plate-four-node-quadrilateral-finite-elements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3685</span> Tensile Properties of Aluminum Silicon Nickel Iron Vanadium High Entropy Alloys </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sefiu%20A.%20Bello">Sefiu A. Bello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasirudeen%20K.%20Raji"> Nasirudeen K. Raji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeleel%20A.%20Adebisi"> Jeleel A. Adebisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadiq%20A.%20Raji"> Sadiq A. Raji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pure metals are not used in most cases for structural applications because of their limited properties. Presently, high entropy alloys (HEAs) are emerging by mixing comparative proportions of metals with the aim of maximizing the entropy leading to enhancement in structural and mechanical properties. Aluminum Silicon Nickel Iron Vanadium (AlSiNiFeV) alloy was developed using stir cast technique and analysed. Results obtained show that the alloy grade G0 contains 44 percentage by weight (wt%) Al, 32 wt% Si, 9 wt% Ni, 4 wt% Fe, 3 wt% V and 8 wt% for minor elements with tensile strength and elongation of 106 Nmm<sup>-2</sup> and 2.68%, respectively. X-ray diffraction confirmed intermetallic compounds having hexagonal closed packed (HCP), orthorhombic and cubic structures in cubic dendritic matrix. This affirmed transformation from the cubic structures of elemental constituents of the HEAs to the precipitated structures of the intermetallic compounds. A maximum tensile strength of 188 Nmm<sup>-2</sup> with 4% elongation was noticed at 10wt% of silica addition to the G0. An increase in tensile strength with an increment in silica content could be attributed to different phases and crystal geometries characterizing each HEA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HEAs" title="HEAs">HEAs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phases%20model" title=" phases model"> phases model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium" title=" aluminium"> aluminium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon" title=" silicon"> silicon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20strength" title=" tensile strength"> tensile strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112732/tensile-properties-of-aluminum-silicon-nickel-iron-vanadium-high-entropy-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112732.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3684</span> Compressive Strength Development of Normal Concrete and Self-Consolidating Concrete Incorporated with GGBS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Nili">M. Nili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Tavasoli"> S. Tavasoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20R.%20Yazdandoost"> A. R. Yazdandoost</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an experimental investigation on the effect of Isfahan Ground Granulate Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) on the compressive strength development of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) and normal concrete (NC) was performed. For this purpose, Portland cement type I was replaced with GGBS in various Portions. For NC and SCC Mixes, 10*10*10 cubic cm specimens were tested in 7, 28 and 91 days. It must be stated that in this research water to cement ratio was 0.44, cement used in cubic meter was 418 Kg/m³ and Superplasticizer (SP) Type III used in SCC based on Poly-Carboxylic acid. The results of experiments have shown that increasing GGBS Percentages in both types of concrete reduce Compressive strength in early ages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title="compressive strength">compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GGBS" title=" GGBS"> GGBS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20concrete" title=" normal concrete"> normal concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-consolidating%20concrete" title=" self-consolidating concrete"> self-consolidating concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28853/compressive-strength-development-of-normal-concrete-and-self-consolidating-concrete-incorporated-with-ggbs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28853.pdf" target="_blank" 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