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Cost of Capital study: Insights for strategic decision-making
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data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-5bd8bb0e0f":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Barbados","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/bb/en/home.html"}}">Barbados (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/be/en/home.html" title="Belgium (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-0f11e25dcb":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Belgium","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/be/en/home.html"}}">Belgium (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/be/nl/home.html" title="Belgium (NL)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-4b4962e0dd":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Belgium","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/be/nl/home.html"}}">Belgium (NL)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/bm/en/home.html" title="Bermuda (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-e44ccdc98a":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Bermuda","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/bm/en/home.html"}}">Bermuda (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/ba/en/home.html" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-801cca1b59":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/ba/en/home.html"}}">Bosnia and Herzegovina (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/br/pt/home.html" title="Brasil (PT)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-54bf41cee9":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Brasil","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/br/pt/home.html"}}">Brasil (PT)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/br/en/home.html" title="Brazil (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-fa7bb6cfc3":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Brazil","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/br/en/home.html"}}">Brazil (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/vg/en/home.html" title="British Virgin Islands (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-429183666f":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"British Virgin Islands","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/vg/en/home.html"}}">British Virgin Islands (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/bg/en/home.html" title="Bulgaria (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-93e8636d99":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Bulgaria","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/bg/en/home.html"}}">Bulgaria (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/kh/en/home.html" title="Cambodia (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-2c5b832d22":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Cambodia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/kh/en/home.html"}}">Cambodia (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/cm/fr/home.html" title="Cameroon (FR)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-ae52315cac":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Cameroon","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/cm/fr/home.html"}}">Cameroon (FR)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/ca/en/home.html" title="Canada (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-0a3318c071":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Canada","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/ca/en/home.html"}}">Canada (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/ca/fr/home.html" title="Canada (FR)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-60d49f3cb9":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Canada","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/ca/fr/home.html"}}">Canada (FR)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/ky/en/home.html" title="Cayman Islands (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-86644afe0f":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Cayman Islands","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/ky/en/home.html"}}">Cayman Islands (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/qm/en/home.html" title="Channel Islands (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-49de7d6eb1":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Channel Islands","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/qm/en/home.html"}}">Channel Islands (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/cl/es/home.html" title="Chile (ES)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-fdc77c6056":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Chile","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/cl/es/home.html"}}">Chile (ES)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/cn/en/home.html" title="China (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-b6c2bf568e":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"China","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/cn/en/home.html"}}">China (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/cn/zh/home.html" title="China (ZH)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-1c6b63a010":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"China","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/cn/zh/home.html"}}">China (ZH)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/co/es/home.html" title="Colombia (ES)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-16141fbc6b":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Colombia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/co/es/home.html"}}">Colombia (ES)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/cr/es/home.html" title="Costa Rica (ES)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-d6d3184607":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Costa Rica","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/cr/es/home.html"}}">Costa Rica (ES)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/hr/en/home.html" title="Croatia (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-be0a8ce600":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Croatia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/hr/en/home.html"}}">Croatia (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/cy/en/home.html" title="Cyprus (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-7c2c4d4695":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Cyprus","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/cy/en/home.html"}}">Cyprus (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/cz/cs/home.html" title="Czech Republic (CS)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-375b578a05":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Czech Republic","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/cz/cs/home.html"}}">Czech Republic (CS)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/cz/en/home.html" title="Czech Republic (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-2be927d905":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Czech Republic","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/cz/en/home.html"}}">Czech Republic (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/cd/fr/home.html" title="DR Congo (FR)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-1ee70f80b9":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"DR Congo","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/cd/fr/home.html"}}">DR Congo (FR)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/dk/da/home.html" title="Denmark (DA)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-e314b00b74":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Denmark","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/dk/da/home.html"}}">Denmark (DA)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/dk/en/home.html" title="Denmark (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-528c837a1e":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Denmark","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/dk/en/home.html"}}">Denmark (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/eg/en/home.html" title="Egypt (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-3fd9d9f82c":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Egypt","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/eg/en/home.html"}}">Egypt (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/ee/en/home.html" title="Estonia (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-db6be44432":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Estonia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/ee/en/home.html"}}">Estonia (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/ee/et/home.html" title="Estonia (ET)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-7e43a955ed":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Estonia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/ee/et/home.html"}}">Estonia (ET)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/fi/fi/home.html" title="Finland (FI)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-827bc6df76":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Finland","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/fi/fi/home.html"}}">Finland (FI)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/fr/fr/home.html" title="France (FR)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-96beca81e2":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"France","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/fr/fr/home.html"}}">France (FR)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/ge/en/home.html" title="Georgia (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-da6175ffc5":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Georgia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/ge/en/home.html"}}">Georgia (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/de/de/home.html" title="Germany (DE)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-5e448848ac":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Germany","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/de/de/home.html"}}">Germany (DE)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/de/en/home.html" title="Germany (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-c8497fd692":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Germany","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/de/en/home.html"}}">Germany (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/gh/en/home.html" title="Ghana (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-cbb2d97c8c":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Ghana","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/gh/en/home.html"}}">Ghana (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/gi/en/home.html" title="Gibraltar (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-a99d684ce6":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Gibraltar","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/gi/en/home.html"}}">Gibraltar (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/gr/el/home.html" title="Greece (EL)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-dea3a4e415":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Greece","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/gr/el/home.html"}}">Greece (EL)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/gr/en/home.html" title="Greece (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-b82a534239":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Greece","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/gr/en/home.html"}}">Greece (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/cn/en/home.html" title="Hong Kong SAR (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-b6c2bf568e":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Hong Kong SAR","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/cn/en/home.html"}}">Hong Kong SAR (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/hu/en/home.html" title="Hungary (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-046056ea7d":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Hungary","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/hu/en/home.html"}}">Hungary (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/hu/hu/home.html" title="Hungary (HU)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-e6bd2023c7":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Hungary","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/hu/hu/home.html"}}">Hungary (HU)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/is/is/home.html" title="Iceland (IS)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-5b56fbf7c7":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Iceland","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/is/is/home.html"}}">Iceland (IS)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/in/en/home.html" title="India (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-d0e5902732":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"India","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/in/en/home.html"}}">India (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/id/en/home.html" title="Indonesia (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-7e65bd4bcd":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Indonesia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/id/en/home.html"}}">Indonesia (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/ie/en/home.html" title="Ireland (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-5393937c10":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Ireland","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/ie/en/home.html"}}">Ireland (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/im/en/home.html" title="Isle of Man (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-ead38c8ae9":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Isle of Man","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/im/en/home.html"}}">Isle of Man (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/il/en/home.html" title="Israel (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-36c4da0567":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Israel","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/il/en/home.html"}}">Israel (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/it/it/home.html" title="Italy (IT)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-2a07808fe8":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Italy","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/it/it/home.html"}}">Italy (IT)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/ci/fr/home.html" title="Ivory Coast (FR)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-cdbec22568":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Ivory Coast","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/ci/fr/home.html"}}">Ivory Coast (FR)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/jm/en/home.html" title="Jamaica (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-398f557233":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Jamaica","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/jm/en/home.html"}}">Jamaica (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/jp/en/home.html" title="Japan (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-3c3fd038e8":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Japan","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/jp/en/home.html"}}">Japan (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/jp/ja/home.html" title="Japan (JA)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-791bb03470":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Japan","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/jp/ja/home.html"}}">Japan (JA)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/jo/en/home.html" title="Jordan (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-cb525ecea9":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Jordan","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/jo/en/home.html"}}">Jordan (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/kz/en/home.html" title="Kazakhstan (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-07e7496513":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Kazakhstan","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/kz/en/home.html"}}">Kazakhstan (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/kz/kk/home.html" title="Kazakhstan (KK)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-02cb5d088a":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Kazakhstan","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/kz/kk/home.html"}}">Kazakhstan (KK)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/kz/ru/home.html" title="Kazakhstan (RU)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-bd9eccb09b":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Kazakhstan","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/kz/ru/home.html"}}">Kazakhstan (RU)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/ke/en/home.html" title="Kenya (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-b33b460aba":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Kenya","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/ke/en/home.html"}}">Kenya (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/kr/en/home.html" title="Korea (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-bb1f46221a":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Korea","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/kr/en/home.html"}}">Korea (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/kr/ko/home.html" title="Korea (KO)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-7db4e9a0c0":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Korea","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/kr/ko/home.html"}}">Korea (KO)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/la/en/home.html" title="Laos (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-a5bc236a06":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Laos","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/la/en/home.html"}}">Laos (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/lv/en/home.html" title="Latvia (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-2b20fa3997":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Latvia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/lv/en/home.html"}}">Latvia (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/lv/lv/home.html" title="Latvia (LV)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-6402c6160e":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Latvia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/lv/lv/home.html"}}">Latvia (LV)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/lb/en/home.html" title="Lebanon (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-d4873251e8":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Lebanon","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/lb/en/home.html"}}">Lebanon (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/lt/en/home.html" title="Lithuania (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-eebe03f82d":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Lithuania","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/lt/en/home.html"}}">Lithuania (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/lt/lt/home.html" title="Lithuania (LT)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-5efe272ad9":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Lithuania","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/lt/lt/home.html"}}">Lithuania (LT)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/lu/en/home.html" title="Luxembourg (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-bf34c1ed72":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Luxembourg","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/lu/en/home.html"}}">Luxembourg (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/cn/en/home.html" title="Macau SAR (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-b6c2bf568e":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Macau SAR","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/cn/en/home.html"}}">Macau SAR (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/my/en/home.html" title="Malaysia (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-7cb9f5262f":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Malaysia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/my/en/home.html"}}">Malaysia (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/mt/en/home.html" title="Malta (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-a64c07b237":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Malta","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/mt/en/home.html"}}">Malta (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/mu/en/home.html" title="Mauritius (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-076d0e8521":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Mauritius","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/mu/en/home.html"}}">Mauritius (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/mx/es/home.html" title="Mexico (ES)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-ffedb524fb":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Mexico","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/mx/es/home.html"}}">Mexico (ES)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/md/en/home.html" title="Moldova (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-b1a12fa6cc":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Moldova","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/md/en/home.html"}}">Moldova (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/mc/en/home.html" title="Monaco (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-a86590207d":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Monaco","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/mc/en/home.html"}}">Monaco (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/mc/fr/home.html" title="Monaco (FR)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-d82c131616":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Monaco","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/mc/fr/home.html"}}">Monaco (FR)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/mn/en/home.html" title="Mongolia (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-08d56c84fe":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Mongolia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/mn/en/home.html"}}">Mongolia (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/me/en/home.html" title="Montenegro (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-78ac563fd7":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Montenegro","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/me/en/home.html"}}">Montenegro (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/mz/en/home.html" title="Mozambique (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-7ee04d3444":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Mozambique","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/mz/en/home.html"}}">Mozambique (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/mm/en/home.html" title="Myanmar (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-770fcdc134":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Myanmar","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/mm/en/home.html"}}">Myanmar (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/na/en/home.html" title="Namibia (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-d0c50aa1e0":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Namibia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/na/en/home.html"}}">Namibia (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/nl/en/home.html" title="Netherlands (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-3f2f5799e1":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Netherlands","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/nl/en/home.html"}}">Netherlands (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/nl/nl/home.html" title="Netherlands (NL)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-6a7a8e83fb":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Netherlands","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/nl/nl/home.html"}}">Netherlands (NL)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/nz/en/home.html" title="New Zealand (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-026b501122":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"New Zealand","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/nz/en/home.html"}}">New Zealand (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/ng/en/home.html" title="Nigeria (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-b61b59a822":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Nigeria","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/ng/en/home.html"}}">Nigeria (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/mk/en/home.html" title="North Macedonia (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-89c8f7efb8":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"North Macedonia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/mk/en/home.html"}}">North Macedonia (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/no/nb/home.html" title="Norway (NB)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-d6bad2fe73":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Norway","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/no/nb/home.html"}}">Norway (NB)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/om/en/home.html" title="Oman (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-fb81341d54":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Oman","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/om/en/home.html"}}">Oman (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/pk/en/home.html" title="Pakistan (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-1e2166a8f2":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Pakistan","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/pk/en/home.html"}}">Pakistan (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/pa/es/home.html" title="Panama (ES)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-b63a92e155":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Panama","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/pa/es/home.html"}}">Panama (ES)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/pe/es/home.html" title="Peru (ES)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-4d0a9c3bcf":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Peru","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/pe/es/home.html"}}">Peru (ES)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/ph/en/home.html" title="Philippines (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-016329603e":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Philippines","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/ph/en/home.html"}}">Philippines (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/pl/en/home.html" title="Poland (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-27f7141f3a":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Poland","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/pl/en/home.html"}}">Poland (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/pl/pl/home.html" title="Poland (PL)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-d0351c2919":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Poland","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/pl/pl/home.html"}}">Poland (PL)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/pt/en/home.html" title="Portugal (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-67255d34c3":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Portugal","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/pt/en/home.html"}}">Portugal (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/pt/pt/home.html" title="Portugal (PT)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-c7a5e74f31":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Portugal","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/pt/pt/home.html"}}">Portugal (PT)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/qa/en/home.html" title="Qatar (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-451cc2640f":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Qatar","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/qa/en/home.html"}}">Qatar (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/ro/en/home.html" title="Romania (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-5810203512":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Romania","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/ro/en/home.html"}}">Romania (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/ro/ro/home.html" title="Romania (RO)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-3f74184ad4":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Romania","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/ro/ro/home.html"}}">Romania (RO)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/sa/en/home.html" title="Saudi Arabia (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-61cad2d7c7":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Saudi Arabia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/sa/en/home.html"}}">Saudi Arabia (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/rs/en/home.html" title="Serbia (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-b7fb3b980b":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Serbia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/rs/en/home.html"}}">Serbia (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/sg/en/home.html" title="Singapore (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-1a6f195c49":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Singapore","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/sg/en/home.html"}}">Singapore (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/sk/en/home.html" title="Slovakia (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-76a2f0ccce":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Slovakia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/sk/en/home.html"}}">Slovakia (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/sk/sk/home.html" title="Slovakia (SK)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-33afacfd28":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Slovakia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/sk/sk/home.html"}}">Slovakia (SK)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/si/en/home.html" title="Slovenia (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-3593217e0e":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Slovenia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/si/en/home.html"}}">Slovenia (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/za/en/home.html" title="South Africa (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-68e452fc99":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"South Africa","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/za/en/home.html"}}">South Africa (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/es/es/home.html" title="Spain (ES)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-2a5dd0fef0":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Spain","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/es/es/home.html"}}">Spain (ES)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/lk/en/home.html" title="Sri Lanka (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-f77167980f":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Sri Lanka","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/lk/en/home.html"}}">Sri Lanka (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/se/sv/home.html" title="Sweden (SV)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-af5aafdebb":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Sweden","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/se/sv/home.html"}}">Sweden (SV)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ch/fr.html" title="Switzerland (FR)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-c15a686567":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Switzerland","xdm:linkURL":"/ch/fr.html"}}">Switzerland (FR)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/tw/en/home.html" title="Taiwan (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-d9cb18e6d3":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Taiwan","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/tw/en/home.html"}}">Taiwan (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/tw/zh/home.html" title="Taiwan (ZH)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-42666b5a96":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Taiwan","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/tw/zh/home.html"}}">Taiwan (ZH)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/th/en/home.html" title="Thailand (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-a26ebb9187":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Thailand","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/th/en/home.html"}}">Thailand (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/tg/fr/home.html" title="Togo (FR)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-63af536ba7":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Togo","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/tg/fr/home.html"}}">Togo (FR)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/tt/en/home.html" title="Trinidad and Tobago (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-e6db8d0bd5":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Trinidad and Tobago","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/tt/en/home.html"}}">Trinidad and Tobago (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/tn/en/home.html" title="Tunisia (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-021fe16dd0":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Tunisia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/tn/en/home.html"}}">Tunisia (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/tn/fr/home.html" title="Tunisia (FR)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-6ae2921ebe":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Tunisia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/tn/fr/home.html"}}">Tunisia (FR)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/tr/en/home.html" title="Turkey (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-e3d1878869":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Turkey","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/tr/en/home.html"}}">Turkey (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/tr/tr/home.html" title="Turkey (TR)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-75b06dc73f":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Turkey","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/tr/tr/home.html"}}">Turkey (TR)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/ua/en/home.html" title="Ukraine (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-996f36ec33":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Ukraine","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/ua/en/home.html"}}">Ukraine (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/ua/ru/home.html" title="Ukraine (RU)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-444c6bba9a":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Ukraine","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/ua/ru/home.html"}}">Ukraine (RU)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/ua/uk/home.html" title="Ukraine (UK)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-ea17613425":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Ukraine","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/ua/uk/home.html"}}">Ukraine (UK)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/ae/en/home.html" title="United Arab Emirates (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-cf88935127":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"United Arab Emirates","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/ae/en/home.html"}}">United Arab Emirates (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/uk/en/home.html" title="United Kingdom (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-2931ad03d1":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"United Kingdom","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/uk/en/home.html"}}">United Kingdom (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/us/en/home.html" title="United States (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-f825a7b403":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"United States","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/us/en/home.html"}}">United States (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/uy/es/home.html" title="Uruguay (ES)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-c15d10f23a":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Uruguay","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/uy/es/home.html"}}">Uruguay (ES)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/uz/en/home.html" title="Uzbekistan (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-1249be6a7c":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Uzbekistan","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/uz/en/home.html"}}">Uzbekistan (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/uz/ru/home.html" title="Uzbekistan (RU)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-11e42b1995":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Uzbekistan","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/uz/ru/home.html"}}">Uzbekistan (RU)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/ve/es/home.html" title="Venezuela (ES)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-b84b335671":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Venezuela","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/ve/es/home.html"}}">Venezuela (ES)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/vn/en/home.html" title="Vietnam (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-1b1f23002c":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Vietnam","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/vn/en/home.html"}}">Vietnam (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/vn/vi/home.html" title="Vietnam (VI)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-df17346af8":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Vietnam","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/vn/vi/home.html"}}">Vietnam (VI)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/zm/en/home.html" title="Zambia (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-2e7d9ce5ed":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Zambia","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/zm/en/home.html"}}">Zambia (EN)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kpmg.com/zw/en/home.html" title="Zimbabwe (EN)" data-cmp-clickable="true" data-cmp-data-layer="{"lang-selector-d45faf1af2":{"parentId":"lang-selector","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/lang-selector","dc:title":"Zimbabwe","xdm:linkURL":"https://kpmg.com/zw/en/home.html"}}">Zimbabwe (EN)</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cmp-header__main-nav-bar" data-cmp-header-main-nav-bar> <div class="cmp-header__main-nav-bar--container"> <div class="cmp-header__main-nav-bar--inner"> <div class="cmp-header__main-nav-bar--column"> <div class="cmp-mobile-toggle"> <button data-cmp-mobile-toggle type="button" id="mobile-toggle-b55d2c8568" class="cmp-mobile-toggle__inner" aria-label="main menu" data-cmp-clickable data-cmp-data-layer="{"mobile-toggle-b55d2c8568":{"@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/mobile-toggle"}}" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="mobile-menu"> <span class="cmp-mobile-toggle__icon" aria-hidden="true">menu</span> </button> </div> <div class="cmp-logo" id="logo-78821b6015" data-cmp-is="image" data-cmp-src="/content/experience-fragments/kpmgpublic/ch/en/site/header/master/_jcr_content/root/header/logo.coreimg{.width}.svg/1718086221212/kpmg-switzerland-logo.svg" data-asset-id="5d0c59a0-31fb-4636-a1ca-240a3654b586" data-cmp-filereference="/content/dam/kpmgsites/ch/kpmg-switzerland-logo.svg" data-cmp-data-layer="{"logo-78821b6015":{"@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/logo","repo:modifyDate":"2024-06-11T06:10:21Z","xdm:linkURL":"/ch/en.html","image":{"repo:id":"5d0c59a0-31fb-4636-a1ca-240a3654b586","repo:modifyDate":"2024-06-04T07:35:53Z","@type":"image/svg+xml","repo:path":"/content/dam/kpmgsites/ch/kpmg-switzerland-logo.svg"}}}" data-cmp-hook-image="imageV3" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="cmp-logo__inner"> <a class="cmp-logo__link" data-cmp-clickable href="/ch/en.html"> <img src="/content/experience-fragments/kpmgpublic/ch/en/site/header/master/_jcr_content/root/header/logo.coreimg.svg/1718086221212/kpmg-switzerland-logo.svg" loading="lazy" class="cmp-logo__image" itemprop="contentUrl" alt="KPMG Switzerland homepage"/> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cmp-header__main-nav-bar--column" data-cmp-header-main-nav> <nav class="cmp-main-nav" data-cmp-main-nav> <div class="cmp-main-nav__mobile-header" data-cmp-main-nav-mobile-header> <div class="cmp-main-nav__mobile-header-container"> <button class="cmp-main-nav__mobile-header-close" data-cmp-main-nav-mobile-header-close aria-lable="close menu"> <span class="material-icons-outlined">close</span> </button> </div> </div> <ul class="cmp-main-nav__main-menu" data-cmp-main-nav-main-menu> <li class="cmp-main-nav__main-menu--list-item" data-cmp-main-nav-list-item> <div class="cmp-menu-link cmp-menu-link--level-one "> <button class="cmp-menu-link__inner" data-cmp-data-layer="{"main-nav-link-4273511d48":{"parentId":"main-nav-d4336cdafb","dc:title":"Insights","xdm:linkURL":"/ch/en/insights.html","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/main-nav"}}" data-cmp-clickable data-cmp-menu-link="levelOne" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true"> <div class="cmp-menu-link__inner--label"> Insights </div> <span aria-hidden="true" class="cmp-menu-link__inner--icon"></span> </button> </div> <nav class="cmp-sub-menu" data-cmp-sub-menu> <div class="cmp-sub-menu__container"> <button class="cmp-sub-menu__back-button" data-cmp-sub-menu-back> <span aria-hidden="true" class="cmp-sub-menu__back-button-icon"></span> <div class="cmp-sub-menu__back-button-label">Back</div> </button> <section class="cmp-sub-menu__section cmp-sub-menu__section--level-two"> <nav class="cmp-sub-menu__section-nav"> <ul> <li> <div class="cmp-menu-link cmp-menu-link--section-nav cmp-menu-link--level-two"> <a class="cmp-menu-link__inner" data-cmp-data-layer="{"main-nav-link-8d46ede8ff":{"parentId":"main-nav-d4336cdafb","dc:title":"All Insights","xdm:linkURL":"/ch/en/insights.html","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/main-nav"}}" data-cmp-clickable data-cmp-menu-link="sectionNav" href="/ch/en/insights.html"> <div class="cmp-menu-link__inner--label">All Insights</div> </a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="cmp-menu-link cmp-menu-link--section-nav cmp-menu-link--level-two"> <a class="cmp-menu-link__inner" data-cmp-data-layer="{"main-nav-link-a6ef762870":{"parentId":"main-nav-d4336cdafb","dc:title":"Artificial Intelligence","xdm:linkURL":"/ch/en/insights/artificial-intelligence.html","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/main-nav"}}" data-cmp-clickable data-cmp-menu-link="sectionNav" href="/ch/en/insights/artificial-intelligence.html"> <div class="cmp-menu-link__inner--label">Artificial Intelligence</div> </a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="cmp-menu-link cmp-menu-link--section-nav cmp-menu-link--level-two"> <a class="cmp-menu-link__inner" data-cmp-data-layer="{"main-nav-link-3aa29239ae":{"parentId":"main-nav-d4336cdafb","dc:title":"Business Reporting","xdm:linkURL":"/ch/en/insights/reporting.html","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/main-nav"}}" data-cmp-clickable data-cmp-menu-link="sectionNav" href="/ch/en/insights/reporting.html"> <div class="cmp-menu-link__inner--label">Business Reporting</div> </a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="cmp-menu-link cmp-menu-link--section-nav cmp-menu-link--level-two"> <a class="cmp-menu-link__inner" data-cmp-data-layer="{"main-nav-link-3b2640035e":{"parentId":"main-nav-d4336cdafb","dc:title":"Business Transformation","xdm:linkURL":"/ch/en/insights/transformation.html","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/main-nav"}}" data-cmp-clickable data-cmp-menu-link="sectionNav" href="/ch/en/insights/transformation.html"> <div class="cmp-menu-link__inner--label">Business Transformation</div> </a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="cmp-menu-link cmp-menu-link--section-nav cmp-menu-link--level-two"> <a class="cmp-menu-link__inner" data-cmp-data-layer="{"main-nav-link-8474370d42":{"parentId":"main-nav-d4336cdafb","dc:title":"Cybersecurity & Risk","xdm:linkURL":"/ch/en/insights/cybersecurity-risk.html","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/main-nav"}}" data-cmp-clickable data-cmp-menu-link="sectionNav" href="/ch/en/insights/cybersecurity-risk.html"> <div class="cmp-menu-link__inner--label">Cybersecurity & Risk</div> </a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="cmp-menu-link cmp-menu-link--section-nav cmp-menu-link--level-two"> <a class="cmp-menu-link__inner" data-cmp-data-layer="{"main-nav-link-19bbbe8aa6":{"parentId":"main-nav-d4336cdafb","dc:title":"Data & Analytics","xdm:linkURL":"/ch/en/insights/data-analytics.html","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/main-nav"}}" data-cmp-clickable data-cmp-menu-link="sectionNav" href="/ch/en/insights/data-analytics.html"> <div class="cmp-menu-link__inner--label">Data & Analytics</div> </a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="cmp-menu-link cmp-menu-link--section-nav cmp-menu-link--level-two"> <a class="cmp-menu-link__inner" data-cmp-data-layer="{"main-nav-link-a1a279365f":{"parentId":"main-nav-d4336cdafb","dc:title":"Deals","xdm:linkURL":"/ch/en/insights/deals.html","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/main-nav"}}" data-cmp-clickable data-cmp-menu-link="sectionNav" href="/ch/en/insights/deals.html"> <div class="cmp-menu-link__inner--label">Deals</div> </a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="cmp-menu-link cmp-menu-link--section-nav cmp-menu-link--level-two"> <a class="cmp-menu-link__inner" data-cmp-data-layer="{"main-nav-link-ef4ec752c0":{"parentId":"main-nav-d4336cdafb","dc:title":"ESG & Sustainability","xdm:linkURL":"/ch/en/insights/esg-sustainability.html","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/main-nav"}}" data-cmp-clickable data-cmp-menu-link="sectionNav" href="/ch/en/insights/esg-sustainability.html"> <div class="cmp-menu-link__inner--label">ESG & Sustainability</div> </a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="cmp-menu-link cmp-menu-link--section-nav cmp-menu-link--level-two"> <a class="cmp-menu-link__inner" data-cmp-data-layer="{"main-nav-link-ecaaf6ceac":{"parentId":"main-nav-d4336cdafb","dc:title":"Executives & Board members","xdm:linkURL":"/ch/en/insights/executives-board-members.html","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/main-nav"}}" data-cmp-clickable data-cmp-menu-link="sectionNav" href="/ch/en/insights/executives-board-members.html"> <div class="cmp-menu-link__inner--label">Executives & Board members</div> </a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="cmp-menu-link cmp-menu-link--section-nav cmp-menu-link--level-two"> <a class="cmp-menu-link__inner" data-cmp-data-layer="{"main-nav-link-f1c5004521":{"parentId":"main-nav-d4336cdafb","dc:title":"Law","xdm:linkURL":"/ch/en/insights/law.html","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/main-nav"}}" data-cmp-clickable data-cmp-menu-link="sectionNav" href="/ch/en/insights/law.html"> <div class="cmp-menu-link__inner--label">Law</div> </a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="cmp-menu-link cmp-menu-link--section-nav cmp-menu-link--level-two"> <a class="cmp-menu-link__inner" data-cmp-data-layer="{"main-nav-link-edf53cb8ea":{"parentId":"main-nav-d4336cdafb","dc:title":"Taxes","xdm:linkURL":"/ch/en/insights/taxes.html","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/main-nav"}}" data-cmp-clickable data-cmp-menu-link="sectionNav" href="/ch/en/insights/taxes.html"> <div class="cmp-menu-link__inner--label">Taxes</div> </a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="cmp-menu-link cmp-menu-link--section-nav cmp-menu-link--level-two"> <a class="cmp-menu-link__inner" data-cmp-data-layer="{"main-nav-link-e1a0024d69":{"parentId":"main-nav-d4336cdafb","dc:title":"Technology","xdm:linkURL":"/ch/en/insights/technology.html","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/main-nav"}}" data-cmp-clickable data-cmp-menu-link="sectionNav" href="/ch/en/insights/technology.html"> <div class="cmp-menu-link__inner--label">Technology</div> </a> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </section> </div> </nav> </li> <li class="cmp-main-nav__main-menu--list-item" data-cmp-main-nav-list-item> <div class="cmp-menu-link cmp-menu-link--level-one "> <button class="cmp-menu-link__inner" data-cmp-data-layer="{"main-nav-link-4060b34f6b":{"parentId":"main-nav-d4336cdafb","dc:title":"Industries","xdm:linkURL":"/ch.html","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/main-nav"}}" data-cmp-clickable data-cmp-menu-link="levelOne" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true"> <div class="cmp-menu-link__inner--label"> Industries </div> <span aria-hidden="true" class="cmp-menu-link__inner--icon"></span> </button> </div> <nav class="cmp-sub-menu" data-cmp-sub-menu> <div class="cmp-sub-menu__container"> <button class="cmp-sub-menu__back-button" data-cmp-sub-menu-back> <span aria-hidden="true" class="cmp-sub-menu__back-button-icon"></span> <div class="cmp-sub-menu__back-button-label">Back</div> </button> <section class="cmp-sub-menu__section cmp-sub-menu__section--level-two"> <nav class="cmp-sub-menu__section-nav"> <ul> <li> <div class="cmp-menu-link cmp-menu-link--section-nav cmp-menu-link--level-two"> <a class="cmp-menu-link__inner" data-cmp-data-layer="{"main-nav-link-49d70b2374":{"parentId":"main-nav-d4336cdafb","dc:title":"All Industries","xdm:linkURL":"/ch/en/industries.html","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/main-nav"}}" data-cmp-clickable data-cmp-menu-link="sectionNav" href="/ch/en/industries.html"> <div class="cmp-menu-link__inner--label">All Industries</div> </a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="cmp-menu-link cmp-menu-link--section-nav cmp-menu-link--level-two"> <a class="cmp-menu-link__inner" data-cmp-data-layer="{"main-nav-link-48c6c9f77d":{"parentId":"main-nav-d4336cdafb","dc:title":"Asset Management","xdm:linkURL":"/ch/en/industries/asset-management.html","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/main-nav"}}" data-cmp-clickable data-cmp-menu-link="sectionNav" href="/ch/en/industries/asset-management.html"> <div class="cmp-menu-link__inner--label">Asset Management</div> </a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="cmp-menu-link cmp-menu-link--section-nav cmp-menu-link--level-two"> <a class="cmp-menu-link__inner" data-cmp-data-layer="{"main-nav-link-a52d77b396":{"parentId":"main-nav-d4336cdafb","dc:title":"Automotive","xdm:linkURL":"/ch/en/industries/automotive.html","@type":"kpmg/components/navigation/header/main-nav"}}" data-cmp-clickable 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</div> <div class="cmp-hero-fbv__content"> <div class="cmp-hero-fbv__content-container"> <div class="cmp-hero-fbv__content-overlay"> <div class="cmp-hero-fbv__content-overlay-inner"> <h1 class="cmp-hero-fbv__title"> Cost of Capital Study 2024 </h1> <div class="cmp-hero-fbv__description"> Discover the impact that expectations of interest rate cuts can have on the development of growth and the cost of capital. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="schemamarkuparticle"> <!-- Placeholder for JSON-LD script --> <script id="jsonld-script" type="application/ld+json"></script> <script> // Directly output the values without quotes around the HTL expressions const fullURL = "https://kpmg.com/ch/en/insights/deals/cost-capital-study.html"; const title = "Cost of Capital study: Insights for strategic decision-making"; const imageURL = "https://assets.kpmg.com/is/image/kpmgcloud/kpmg-ch-cost-of-capital-study-2024"; const datePublished = "2025-02-11"; const 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utils-lg-padding-horizontal--6x-large utils-xlg-padding-horizontal--10x-large utils-padding-bottom--medium columncontrol--gap-xx-large"> <div class="cmp-column-control"> <div class="cmp-column-control__row cmp-column-control__row--threeUnEven"> <div class="cmp-column-control__col"> <div id="column-9b58527509" class="cmp-container"> <div class="text"> <div data-cmp-data-layer="{"text-223dea2525":{"repo:modifyDate":"2024-10-10T15:03:08Z","@type":"kpmg/components/content/text"}}" id="text-223dea2525" class="cmp-text"> <p><b>Market participants' outlook on the future size, timing, and risk profile of returns from their investments significantly influences market prices and valuation model inputs. Ongoing political uncertainties, widening market divergence, and the impact of emerging megatrends on business models adds layers of complexity to the financial landscape.</b></p><p>Consequently, this year's Cost of Capital Study is dedicated to uncertainties in financial markets and growth perspectives and appears under the title "The New Dilemma: Balancing Interest Rates and Growth".</p><p>We are pleased to present you with the results of the nineteenth edition of our Cost of Capital Study. This year, we have once again attracted a significant number of participants, with approximately 300 companies contributing to the study, reinforcing the credibility and reliability of our findings.</p><p>In the current issue, we examine the impact of a persistently uncertain market environment on the interplay between interest rate developments and growth expectations, as well as the effects on business models, corporate development, and long-term return expectations (cost of capital). In this context, the current issue of the study focuses on the following subjects:</p><ul><li>Market dynamics unveiled? The impact of divergence, resilience, and inflation on return expectations. </li><li>Inflation defeated? Inflation again proves particularly persistent toward the end of inflationary periods.</li><li>Growth or stagnation? The coming years will reveal whether Europe's anaemic growth is cyclical or structural.</li></ul><p>We trust that this year's Cost of Capital Study will not only meet your expectations but also provide practical and actionable insights that can be applied to your work in the finance sector.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cmp-column-control__col"> <div id="column-bcd7e3e272" class="cmp-container"> <div class="contactcard contentfragment contact-card__large utils-background-grey-100 light-theme utils-padding-vertical--x-small utils-md-padding-vertical--base utils-xlg-padding-vertical--large utils-padding-horizontal--x-small utils-xlg-padding-horizontal--base"><div class="cmp-contact-card" data-cmp-data-layer="{"contactcard-fa63cd10d1":{"repo:modifyDate":"2024-10-10T15:01:12Z","@type":"kpmg/components/content/contactcard","fragmentPath":"/content/dam/kpmgsites/ch/en/content-fragments/contacts/p/johannes-post","title":" Johannes Post","jobTitle":"Partner, Deal Advisory, Global 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