CINXE.COM
La Quadrature du Net
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-GB" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel='stylesheet' id='apprenti-style2-css' href='https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/themes/apprenti/style2.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/xmlrpc.php" /> <title>La Quadrature du Net</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/" hreflang="en" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/es/" hreflang="es" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/de/" hreflang="de" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/" hreflang="fr" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="La Quadrature du Net » Feed" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/feed/" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mci-footnotes-jquery-tooltips-pagelayout-none-css' href='https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/plugins/footnotes/css/footnotes-jqttbrpl0.min.css?ver=2.7.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.css?ver=2ddc18842afca53538499b2cc38a804b' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /** * These rules are needed for backwards compatibility. * They should match the button element rules in the base theme.json file. */ .wp-block-button__link { color: #ffffff; background-color: #32373c; border-radius: 9999px; /* 100% causes an oval, but any explicit but really high value retains the pill shape. */ /* This needs a low specificity so it won't override the rules from the button element if defined in theme.json. */ box-shadow: none; text-decoration: none; /* The extra 2px are added to size solids the same as the outline versions.*/ padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px); font-size: 1.125em; } .wp-block-file__button { background: #32373c; color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; } </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='menu-image-css' href='https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/plugins/menu-image/includes/css/menu-image.css?ver=3.12' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dashicons-css' href='https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-includes/css/dashicons.css?ver=2ddc18842afca53538499b2cc38a804b' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='apprenti-style-css' href='https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/themes/apprenti/style.css?ver=2ddc18842afca53538499b2cc38a804b' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/plugins/footnotes/js/jquery.tools.min.js?ver=1.2.7.redacted.2" id="mci-footnotes-jquery-tools-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(url){ if(/(?:Chrome\/26\.0\.1410\.63 Safari\/537\.31|WordfenceTestMonBot)/.test(navigator.userAgent)){ return; } var addEvent = function(evt, handler) { if (window.addEventListener) { document.addEventListener(evt, handler, false); } else if (window.attachEvent) { document.attachEvent('on' + evt, handler); } }; var removeEvent = function(evt, handler) { if (window.removeEventListener) { document.removeEventListener(evt, handler, false); } else if (window.detachEvent) { document.detachEvent('on' + evt, handler); } }; var evts = 'contextmenu dblclick drag dragend dragenter dragleave dragover dragstart drop keydown keypress keyup mousedown mousemove mouseout mouseover mouseup mousewheel scroll'.split(' '); var logHuman = function() { if (window.wfLogHumanRan) { return; } window.wfLogHumanRan = true; var wfscr = document.createElement('script'); wfscr.type = 'text/javascript'; wfscr.async = true; wfscr.src = url + '&r=' + Math.random(); (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(wfscr); for (var i = 0; i < evts.length; i++) { removeEvent(evts[i], logHuman); } }; for (var i = 0; i < evts.length; i++) { addEvent(evts[i], logHuman); } })('//www.laquadrature.net/?wordfence_lh=1&hid=7CD1AA784EF1FB6BD88C60ABAFF05185'); </script> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2018/09/LOGO-LQDN3-36x36.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2018/09/LOGO-LQDN3.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2018/09/LOGO-LQDN3.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2018/09/LOGO-LQDN3.png" /> <style id="sccss">#menu-item-219 a { color: black; } #menu-item-225 a { color: black; } #menu-item-219 a:hover { color: black; font-weight: bolder; } #menu-item-225 a:hover { color: black; font-weight: bolder; } #menu-item-206 span:last-child { display:list-item; } #menu-item-11764 span:last-child { display: list-item; } #menu-item-163 span:last-child { display: list-item; }</style> <!-- START - Open Graph and Twitter Card Tags 3.3.3 --> <!-- Facebook Open Graph --> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="La Quadrature du Net"/> <meta property="og:title" content="La Quadrature du Net"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.laquadrature.net"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:description" content="La Quadrature du Net promeut et défend les libertés fondamentales remises en question par certains usages des outils informatiques. L’association lutte par exemple contre la censure et la surveillance, que celles-ci viennent des États ou des entreprises privées. Elle questionne la façon dont le numé"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2019/10/og.png"/> <meta property="og:image:url" content="https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2019/10/og.png"/> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2019/10/og.png"/> <!-- Google+ / Schema.org --> <meta itemprop="name" content="La Quadrature du Net"/> <meta itemprop="headline" content="La Quadrature du Net"/> <meta itemprop="description" content="La Quadrature du Net promeut et défend les libertés fondamentales remises en question par certains usages des outils informatiques. L’association lutte par exemple contre la censure et la surveillance, que celles-ci viennent des États ou des entreprises privées. Elle questionne la façon dont le numé"/> <meta itemprop="image" content="https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2019/10/og.png"/> <!--<meta itemprop="publisher" content="La Quadrature du Net"/>--> <!-- To solve: The attribute publisher.itemtype has an invalid value --> <!-- Twitter Cards --> <meta name="twitter:title" content="La Quadrature du Net"/> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.laquadrature.net"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="La Quadrature du Net promeut et défend les libertés fondamentales remises en question par certains usages des outils informatiques. L’association lutte par exemple contre la censure et la surveillance, que celles-ci viennent des États ou des entreprises privées. Elle questionne la façon dont le numé"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2019/10/og.png"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@laquadrature"/> <!-- SEO --> <!-- Misc. tags --> <!-- is_front_page --> <!-- END - Open Graph and Twitter Card Tags 3.3.3 --> <style type="text/css" media="all"> .footnotes_reference_container {margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important;} .footnote_container_prepare > p {border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa !important;} .footnote_tooltip { font-size: 13px !important; background-color: #fff7a7 !important; border-width: 1px !important; border-style: solid !important; border-color: #cccc99 !important; border-radius: 3px !important; -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 11px #666666; -moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 11px #666666; box-shadow: 2px 2px 11px #666666;} .footnote_plugin_text { padding-left: 35px; } .footnote_plugin_link { padding-left: 25px; } .footnote_tooltip { background-color: white; } </style> </head> <body class="home blog group-blog hfeed has-site-branding has-no-sidebar has-excerpt"> <div id="page" class="site-wrapper site"> <nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation" role="navigation"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <div class="main-navigation-inside"> <label> <input id="menumobile" type="checkbox"> <span class="menu"> <span class="hamburger"></span> </span> <div class="site-header-menu"><ul id="menu-1" class="header-menu sf-menu"><li id="menu-item-163" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-163"><a href="https://laquadrature.net/en"><span> </span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-11977" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11977"><a href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/personnal-data/">Personal Data</a></li> <li id="menu-item-401" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-401"><a href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/censorship/">Censorship</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12014" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12014"><a href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/surveillance-3/">Surveillance</a></li> <li id="menu-item-416" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-416"><a href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/network/">Networks</a></li> <li id="menu-item-219" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-219"><a href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/support20/">Donate</a></li> <li id="menu-item-220" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-220"><a href="https://www.laquadrature.net/about/">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-227" class="pll-parent-menu-item menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-227"><a href="#pll_switcher">EN</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-227-es" class="lang-item lang-item-30 lang-item-es lang-item-first menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-227-es"><a href="https://www.laquadrature.net/es/" hreflang="es-ES" lang="es-ES">ES</a></li> <li id="menu-item-227-de" class="lang-item lang-item-11755 lang-item-de menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-227-de"><a href="https://www.laquadrature.net/de/" hreflang="de-DE" lang="de-DE">DE</a></li> <li id="menu-item-227-fr" class="lang-item lang-item-14 lang-item-fr menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-227-fr"><a href="https://www.laquadrature.net/" hreflang="fr-FR" lang="fr-FR">FR</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-257" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-257"><a href="#search-3"></a><div id="search-3" class="widget widget_search"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://laquadrature.net/en/"> <label> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" title="Search for:" /> </label> <button type="submit" class="search-submit"><span class="screen-reader-text">Search</span></button> </form> </div></a></li> </ul></div></li> </ul> </div> </label> </div><!-- .main-navigation-inside --> </div><!-- .col --> </div><!-- .row --> </div><!-- .container --> </nav><!-- .main-navigation --> <header id="masthead" class="site-header" role="banner"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <div class="site-header-inside-wrapper"> <div class="site-branding-wrapper"> <div class="site-branding"> <a href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/" title="La Quadrature du Net" rel="home"> <img src="https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/themes/apprenti/img/logo.svg" alt="logo" id="logolqdn" > <img src="https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/themes/apprenti/img/logo2.svg" alt="logo" id="logolqdn2" > </a> <!--<a href="https://laquadrature.net/donner"><img src="<?php// echo esc_url( home_url( '/' ) ); ?>wp-content/themes/apprenti/img/soutien.svg" alt="" id="soutenir" ></a>--> </div> </div><!-- .site-branding-wrapper --> </div><!-- .site-header-inside-wrapper --> </div><!-- .col --> </div><!-- .row --> </div><!-- .container --> </header><!-- #masthead --> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <section id="primary" class="content-area col-xxl-12"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <div id="post-wrapper" class="post-wrapper post-wrapper-archive"> <?php// while ( have_posts() ) : the_post(); ?> <a class="link-article" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/2024/11/06/festival-the-cloud-was-beneath-our-feet/"> <article class="desktop" id="post-24634" class="post-24634 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-networks"> <div class="post-content-wrapper post-content-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-image-wrapper entry-image-wrapper-archive"><div class="post-thumbnail" style="background-image:url('https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2024/10/nuagepieds-640x360.png');background-color: #cccccc;"></div></div> <div class="entry-data-wrapper entry-data-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-header-wrapper entry-header-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-meta entry-meta-header-before"> <!--apprenti_post_first_category();> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title">Festival – The Cloud Was Beneath Our Feet</h1> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-meta entry-meta-header-after"> <span class="posted-on"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted on</span><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-06T19:38:14+01:00">6 November 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-11-08T00:52:03+01:00">8 November 2024</time></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </div><!-- .entry-header-wrapper --> <div class="entry-summary"> <p>Data centers, these concrete mega-computers that process and store our digital data are proliferating all over the world. They are monopolising water and electricity, generating environmental pollution and soil artificialisation, multiplying land grabbing and the…</p> <p style="color:blue;"> <p> </p> </div><!-- .entry-summary --> </div><!-- .entry-data-wrapper --> </div><!-- .post-content-wrapper --> </div> </article> </a> <!-- #post-## --> <a class="link-article" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/2024/10/16/french-family-welfare-scoring-algorithm-challenged-in-court-by-15-organisations/"> <article class="desktop" id="post-24451" class="post-24451 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-en-surveillance"> <div class="post-content-wrapper post-content-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-image-wrapper entry-image-wrapper-archive"><div class="post-thumbnail" style="background-image:url('https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2024/10/francecontrolecp2-640x360.png');background-color: #cccccc;"></div></div> <div class="entry-data-wrapper entry-data-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-header-wrapper entry-header-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-meta entry-meta-header-before"> <!--apprenti_post_first_category();> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title">French family welfare scoring algorithm challenged in court by 15 organisations</h1> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-meta entry-meta-header-after"> <span class="posted-on"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted on</span><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-16T12:14:46+02:00">16 October 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-10-17T09:57:42+02:00">17 October 2024</time></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </div><!-- .entry-header-wrapper --> <div class="entry-summary"> <p>On the eve of International Day for the Eradication of Poverty, 15 civil society organisations are taking the algorithm used to score beneficiaries of the Caisses d’Allocations Familiales (CAF), the family branch of the French…</p> <p style="color:blue;"> <p> </p> </div><!-- .entry-summary --> </div><!-- .entry-data-wrapper --> </div><!-- .post-content-wrapper --> </div> </article> </a> <!-- #post-## --> <a class="link-article" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/2024/09/16/press-conference-in-marseille-against-data-centers/"> <article class="desktop" id="post-24274" class="post-24274 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-data-centers-en category-ecology category-networks"> <div class="post-content-wrapper post-content-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-image-wrapper entry-image-wrapper-archive"><div class="post-thumbnail" style="background-image:url('https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2024/09/nuagebeton-640x360.png');background-color: #cccccc;"></div></div> <div class="entry-data-wrapper entry-data-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-header-wrapper entry-header-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-meta entry-meta-header-before"> <!--apprenti_post_first_category();> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title">Press conference in Marseille against Data Centers</h1> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-meta entry-meta-header-after"> <span class="posted-on"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted on</span><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-16T10:19:08+02:00">16 September 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-10-15T16:00:09+02:00">15 October 2024</time></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </div><!-- .entry-header-wrapper --> <div class="entry-summary"> <p>In the wake of the Artificial Intelligence paradigm, data centres are set to proliferate all over the country. These server warehouses dedicated to processing and storing computer data generate numerous conflicts over the use of water and…</p> <p style="color:blue;"> <p> </p> </div><!-- .entry-summary --> </div><!-- .entry-data-wrapper --> </div><!-- .post-content-wrapper --> </div> </article> </a> <!-- #post-## --> <a class="link-article" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/2024/07/18/first-victory-in-court-against-ai-powered-audio-surveillance/"> <article class="desktop" id="post-24136" class="post-24136 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-en-surveillance"> <div class="post-content-wrapper post-content-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-image-wrapper entry-image-wrapper-archive"><div class="post-thumbnail" style="background-image:url('https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2024/07/wolfgang-hasselmann-UOw7N9o5iUQ-unsplash-640x360.jpg');background-color: #cccccc;"></div></div> <div class="entry-data-wrapper entry-data-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-header-wrapper entry-header-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-meta entry-meta-header-before"> <!--apprenti_post_first_category();> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title">First victory in court against AI-powered audio surveillance</h1> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-meta entry-meta-header-after"> <span class="posted-on"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted on</span><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-07-18T19:33:25+02:00">18 July 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-07-18T19:33:26+02:00">18 July 2024</time></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </div><!-- .entry-header-wrapper --> <div class="entry-summary"> <p>Over three years after we launched this legal action, the Orléans Administrative Court has just confirmed that an AI-powered audio surveillance device – i.e., microphones installed in public spaces and linked to local CCTV, with…</p> <p style="color:blue;"> <p> </p> </div><!-- .entry-summary --> </div><!-- .entry-data-wrapper --> </div><!-- .post-content-wrapper --> </div> </article> </a> <!-- #post-## --> <a class="link-article" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/2024/06/28/legislative-elections-in-france-surveillance-on-a-brown-plate/"> <article class="desktop" id="post-24073" class="post-24073 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-censorship category-en-surveillance"> <div class="post-content-wrapper post-content-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-image-wrapper entry-image-wrapper-archive"><div class="post-thumbnail" style="background-image:url('https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2024/06/IMG_20240628_114342b-640x360.jpg');background-color: #cccccc;"></div></div> <div class="entry-data-wrapper entry-data-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-header-wrapper entry-header-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-meta entry-meta-header-before"> <!--apprenti_post_first_category();> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title">Legislative elections in France: Surveillance on a brown plate</h1> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-meta entry-meta-header-after"> <span class="posted-on"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted on</span><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-06-28T16:01:00+02:00">28 June 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-07-03T14:41:36+02:00">3 July 2024</time></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </div><!-- .entry-header-wrapper --> <div class="entry-summary"> <p>President Emmanuel Macron’s choice to dissolve the National Assembly in the wake of the European elections risks strengthening the clout of the far right on French politics. The ideology of the Rassemblement National, entirely focused…</p> <p style="color:blue;"> <p> </p> </div><!-- .entry-summary --> </div><!-- .entry-data-wrapper --> </div><!-- .post-content-wrapper --> </div> </article> </a> <!-- #post-## --> <a class="link-article" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/2024/06/06/tiktok-censorship-in-new-caledonia-a-review-of-a-democratic-failure/"> <article class="desktop" id="post-23835" class="post-23835 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-censorship"> <div class="post-content-wrapper post-content-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-image-wrapper entry-image-wrapper-archive"><div class="post-thumbnail" style="background-image:url('https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2024/06/tt-640x360.png');background-color: #cccccc;"></div></div> <div class="entry-data-wrapper entry-data-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-header-wrapper entry-header-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-meta entry-meta-header-before"> <!--apprenti_post_first_category();> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title">TikTok censorship in New Caledonia: a review of a democratic failure</h1> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-meta entry-meta-header-after"> <span class="posted-on"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted on</span><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-06-06T16:49:00+02:00">6 June 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-06-06T16:56:27+02:00">6 June 2024</time></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </div><!-- .entry-header-wrapper --> <div class="entry-summary"> <p>On 23 May 2024, the Conseil d’État rejected a request from La Quadrature du Net for an interim ruling against the blocking of TikTok in New Caledonia. To justify this unfair decision, the court stated…</p> <p style="color:blue;"> <p> </p> </div><!-- .entry-summary --> </div><!-- .entry-data-wrapper --> </div><!-- .post-content-wrapper --> </div> </article> </a> <!-- #post-## --> <a class="link-article" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/2024/05/22/with-the-ai-act-adopted-the-techno-solutionist-gold-rush-can-continue/"> <article class="desktop" id="post-23647" class="post-23647 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-en-surveillance"> <div class="post-content-wrapper post-content-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-image-wrapper entry-image-wrapper-archive"><div class="post-thumbnail" style="background-image:url('https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2024/05/fil-640x360.png');background-color: #cccccc;"></div></div> <div class="entry-data-wrapper entry-data-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-header-wrapper entry-header-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-meta entry-meta-header-before"> <!--apprenti_post_first_category();> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title">With the AI Act adopted, the techno-solutionist gold-rush can continue</h1> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-meta entry-meta-header-after"> <span class="posted-on"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted on</span><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-05-22T16:36:31+02:00">22 May 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-10-23T12:08:39+02:00">23 October 2024</time></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </div><!-- .entry-header-wrapper --> <div class="entry-summary"> <p>Yesterday, at the Council of the European Union, Member States adopted the AI Act to regulate Artificial Intelligence systems. This step marks the final adoption of this legislation under discussion since 2021, and initially presented…</p> <p style="color:blue;"> <p> </p> </div><!-- .entry-summary --> </div><!-- .entry-data-wrapper --> </div><!-- .post-content-wrapper --> </div> </article> </a> <!-- #post-## --> <a class="link-article" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/2024/05/17/la-quadrature-du-net-takes-legal-action-against-the-french-governments-censorship-of-tiktok-in-new-caledonia/"> <article class="desktop" id="post-23586" class="post-23586 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-censorship"> <div class="post-content-wrapper post-content-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-image-wrapper entry-image-wrapper-archive"><div class="post-thumbnail" style="background-image:url('https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2024/05/baes-640x360.png');background-color: #cccccc;"></div></div> <div class="entry-data-wrapper entry-data-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-header-wrapper entry-header-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-meta entry-meta-header-before"> <!--apprenti_post_first_category();> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title">La Quadrature du Net takes legal action against the French government’s censorship of TikTok in New Caledonia</h1> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-meta entry-meta-header-after"> <span class="posted-on"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted on</span><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-05-17T12:37:16+02:00">17 May 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-05-17T12:54:07+02:00">17 May 2024</time></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </div><!-- .entry-header-wrapper --> <div class="entry-summary"> <p>Through an emergency proceeding (reféré-liberté) filed today, La Quadrature du Net is asking the Conseil d’État to suspend Prime Minister Gabriel Attal’s decision to block the TikTok platform in New Caledonia. With this censorship order,…</p> <p style="color:blue;"> <p> </p> </div><!-- .entry-summary --> </div><!-- .entry-data-wrapper --> </div><!-- .post-content-wrapper --> </div> </article> </a> <!-- #post-## --> <a class="link-article" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/2024/05/02/against-the-empire-of-algorithmic-video-surveillance-la-quadrature-du-net-strikes-back/"> <article class="desktop" id="post-23510" class="post-23510 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-en-surveillance"> <div class="post-content-wrapper post-content-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-image-wrapper entry-image-wrapper-archive"><div class="post-thumbnail" style="background-image:url('https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2024/05/triptyque-640x360.png');background-color: #cccccc;"></div></div> <div class="entry-data-wrapper entry-data-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-header-wrapper entry-header-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-meta entry-meta-header-before"> <!--apprenti_post_first_category();> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title">Against the empire of algorithmic video-surveillance, La Quadrature du Net strikes back</h1> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-meta entry-meta-header-after"> <span class="posted-on"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted on</span><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-05-02T16:03:04+02:00">2 May 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-05-02T16:03:05+02:00">2 May 2024</time></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </div><!-- .entry-header-wrapper --> <div class="entry-summary"> <p>The “experimentation” of Algorithmic Video-Surveillance (AVS) within the framework set by the “Olympic Games” law passed last year by the French Parliament is not an experiment at all: it is nothing more than a hypocritical…</p> <p style="color:blue;"> <p> </p> </div><!-- .entry-summary --> </div><!-- .entry-data-wrapper --> </div><!-- .post-content-wrapper --> </div> </article> </a> <!-- #post-## --> <a class="link-article" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/2024/04/30/surveillance-and-hadopi-eu-court-buries-online-anonymity-a-little-further/"> <article class="desktop" id="post-23390" class="post-23390 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-en-surveillance"> <div class="post-content-wrapper post-content-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-image-wrapper entry-image-wrapper-archive"><div class="post-thumbnail" style="background-image:url('https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2024/04/jim-wilson-5QvsD0AaXPk-unsplash-640x360.jpg');background-color: #cccccc;"></div></div> <div class="entry-data-wrapper entry-data-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-header-wrapper entry-header-wrapper-archive"> <div class="entry-meta entry-meta-header-before"> <!--apprenti_post_first_category();> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title">Surveillance and Hadopi: EU Court buries online anonymity a little further</h1> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-meta entry-meta-header-after"> <span class="posted-on"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted on</span><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-04-30T12:36:23+02:00">30 April 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-04-30T12:36:25+02:00">30 April 2024</time></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </div><!-- .entry-header-wrapper --> <div class="entry-summary"> <p>In its 30 April 2024 ruling, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) shared its assessment of the legality of Hadopi’s massive surveillance system. The ruling is disappointing. The CJEU has considerably watered…</p> <p style="color:blue;"> <p> </p> </div><!-- .entry-summary --> </div><!-- .entry-data-wrapper --> </div><!-- .post-content-wrapper --> </div> </article> </a> <!-- #post-## --> </div><!-- .post-wrapper --> <nav class="navigation pagination" aria-label="Posts pagination"> <h2 class="screen-reader-text">Posts pagination</h2> <div class="nav-links"><span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="meta-nav screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/page/2/"><span class="meta-nav screen-reader-text">Page </span>2</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">…</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/page/195/"><span class="meta-nav screen-reader-text">Page </span>195</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/page/2/"><span class="screen-reader-text">Next Page</span></a></div> </nav> </main><!-- #main --> </section><!-- #primary --> </div><!-- .row --> </div><!-- .container --> </div><!-- #content --> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> </footer><!-- #colophon --> </div><!-- #page .site-wrapper --> <div class="overlay-effect"></div><!-- .overlay-effect --> <style id='core-block-supports-inline-css' type='text/css'> /** * Core styles: block-supports */ </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.laquadrature.net/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/tooltip.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-tooltip-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var expirationDate = new Date(); expirationDate.setTime( expirationDate.getTime() + 31536000 * 1000 ); document.cookie = "pll_language=en; expires=" + expirationDate.toUTCString() + "; path=/; secure; SameSite=Lax"; }()); </script> <style> </style> <script> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(event) { }); </script> <script> var accordions_active = null; var accordions_tabs_active = null; </script> </body> </html> <!-- Performance optimized by Redis Object Cache. Learn more: https://wprediscache.com -->