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<header class="HeaderMktg header-logged-out js-details-container js-header Details f4 py-3" role="banner" data-is-top="true" data-color-mode=light data-light-theme=light data-dark-theme=dark> <h2 class="sr-only">Navigation Menu</h2> <button type="button" class="HeaderMktg-backdrop d-lg-none border-0 position-fixed top-0 left-0 width-full height-full js-details-target" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="d-none">Toggle navigation</span> </button> <div class="d-flex flex-column flex-lg-row flex-items-center px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5 height-full position-relative z-1"> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center width-full width-lg-auto"> <div class="flex-1"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target js-nav-padding-recalculate js-header-menu-toggle Button--link Button--medium Button d-lg-none color-fg-inherit p-1"> <span class="Button-content"> <span class="Button-label"><div class="HeaderMenu-toggle-bar rounded my-1"></div> <div class="HeaderMenu-toggle-bar rounded my-1"></div> <div class="HeaderMenu-toggle-bar rounded my-1"></div></span> </span> </button> </div> <a class="mr-lg-3 color-fg-inherit flex-order-2 js-prevent-focus-on-mobile-nav" href="/" aria-label="Homepage" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Marketing nav","action":"click to go to homepage","label":"ref_page:Marketing;ref_cta:Logomark;ref_loc:Header"}"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path d="M12 1C5.9225 1 1 5.9225 1 12C1 16.8675 4.14875 20.9787 8.52125 22.4362C9.07125 22.5325 9.2775 22.2025 9.2775 21.9137C9.2775 21.6525 9.26375 20.7862 9.26375 19.865C6.5 20.3737 5.785 19.1912 5.565 18.5725C5.44125 18.2562 4.905 17.28 4.4375 17.0187C4.0525 16.8125 3.5025 16.3037 4.42375 16.29C5.29 16.2762 5.90875 17.0875 6.115 17.4175C7.105 19.0812 8.68625 18.6137 9.31875 18.325C9.415 17.61 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color-fg-inherit js-prevent-focus-on-mobile-nav" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"site header menu","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"SIGN_UP","originating_url":"https://github.com/kata-containers/community/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="ed59ee28037a12ef7010cd3f116108f5af749fb7e673bfea8907201512f81ced" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Marketing nav","action":"click to Sign in","label":"ref_page:Marketing;ref_cta:Sign in;ref_loc:Header"}" > Sign in </a> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu js-header-menu height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-column flex-auto top-0"> <div class="HeaderMenu-wrapper d-flex flex-column flex-self-start flex-lg-row flex-auto rounded rounded-lg-0"> <nav class="HeaderMenu-nav" aria-label="Global"> <ul class="d-lg-flex list-style-none"> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Product <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 d-lg-flex flex-wrap dropdown-menu-wide"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 border-lg-right mb-4 mb-lg-0 pr-lg-7"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"github_copilot","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"github_copilot_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/copilot"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copilot color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M23.922 16.992c-.861 1.495-5.859 5.023-11.922 5.023-6.063 0-11.061-3.528-11.922-5.023A.641.641 0 0 1 0 16.736v-2.869a.841.841 0 0 1 .053-.22c.372-.935 1.347-2.292 2.605-2.656.167-.429.414-1.055.644-1.517a10.195 10.195 0 0 1-.052-1.086c0-1.331.282-2.499 1.132-3.368.397-.406.89-.717 1.474-.952 1.399-1.136 3.392-2.093 6.122-2.093 2.731 0 4.767.957 6.166 2.093.584.235 1.077.546 1.474.952.85.869 1.132 2.037 1.132 3.368 0 .368-.014.733-.052 1.086.23.462.477 1.088.644 1.517 1.258.364 2.233 1.721 2.605 2.656a.832.832 0 0 1 .053.22v2.869a.641.641 0 0 1-.078.256ZM12.172 11h-.344a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355.508C10.703 12.455 9.555 13 7.965 13c-1.725 0-2.989-.359-3.782-1.259a2.005 2.005 0 0 1-.085-.104L4 11.741v6.585c1.435.779 4.514 2.179 8 2.179 3.486 0 6.565-1.4 8-2.179v-6.585l-.098-.104s-.033.045-.085.104c-.793.9-2.057 1.259-3.782 1.259-1.59 0-2.738-.545-3.508-1.492a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355-.508h-.016.016Zm.641-2.935c.136 1.057.403 1.913.878 2.497.442.544 1.134.938 2.344.938 1.573 0 2.292-.337 2.657-.751.384-.435.558-1.15.558-2.361 0-1.14-.243-1.847-.705-2.319-.477-.488-1.319-.862-2.824-1.025-1.487-.161-2.192.138-2.533.529-.269.307-.437.808-.438 1.578v.021c0 .265.021.562.063.893Zm-1.626 0c.042-.331.063-.628.063-.894v-.02c-.001-.77-.169-1.271-.438-1.578-.341-.391-1.046-.69-2.533-.529-1.505.163-2.347.537-2.824 1.025-.462.472-.705 1.179-.705 2.319 0 1.211.175 1.926.558 2.361.365.414 1.084.751 2.657.751 1.21 0 1.902-.394 2.344-.938.475-.584.742-1.44.878-2.497Z"></path><path d="M14.5 14.25a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Copilot</div> Write better code with AI </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"security","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"security_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/security"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield-check color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M16.53 9.78a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06-1.06L11 13.19l-1.97-1.97a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06l2.5 2.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0l5-5Z"></path><path d="m12.54.637 8.25 2.675A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22 4.976V10c0 6.19-3.771 10.704-9.401 12.83a1.704 1.704 0 0 1-1.198 0C5.77 20.705 2 16.19 2 10V4.976c0-.758.489-1.43 1.21-1.664L11.46.637a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.08 0Zm-.617 1.426-8.25 2.676a.249.249 0 0 0-.173.237V10c0 5.46 3.28 9.483 8.43 11.426a.199.199 0 0 0 .14 0C17.22 19.483 20.5 15.461 20.5 10V4.976a.25.25 0 0 0-.173-.237l-8.25-2.676a.253.253 0 0 0-.154 0Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Security</div> Find and fix vulnerabilities </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"actions","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"actions_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/actions"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-workflow color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M1 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h6.5a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7v4.063C7 16.355 7.644 17 8.438 17H12.5v-2.5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2H21a2 2 0 0 1 2 2V21a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5H8.437A2.939 2.939 0 0 1 5.5 15.562V11.5H3a2 2 0 0 1-2-2Zm2-.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v6.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h6.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V3a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM14.5 14a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5V21a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5H21a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-6.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Actions</div> Automate any workflow </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"codespaces","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"codespaces_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/codespaces"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-codespaces color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M3.5 3.75C3.5 2.784 4.284 2 5.25 2h13.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 18.75 13H5.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75Zm-2 12c0-.966.784-1.75 1.75-1.75h17.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v4a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 1.75H3.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75ZM5.25 3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h13.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm-2 12a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v4c0 .138.112.25.25.25h17.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path><path d="M10 17.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm-4 0a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Codespaces</div> Instant dev environments </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"issues","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"issues_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/issues"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1ZM2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12Zm9.5 2a2 2 0 1 1-.001-3.999A2 2 0 0 1 12 14Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Issues</div> Plan and track work </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"code_review","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"code_review_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/code-review"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code-review color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M10.3 6.74a.75.75 0 0 1-.04 1.06l-2.908 2.7 2.908 2.7a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02 1.1l-3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.1l3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06.04Zm3.44 1.06a.75.75 0 1 1 1.02-1.1l3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.1l-3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02-1.1l2.908-2.7-2.908-2.7Z"></path><path d="M1.5 4.25c0-.966.784-1.75 1.75-1.75h17.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v12.5a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 1.75h-9.69l-3.573 3.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 5 21.043V18.5H3.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75ZM3.25 4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v3.19l3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h10a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V4.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Code Review</div> Manage code changes </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"discussions","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"discussions_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/discussions"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-comment-discussion color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 15.543V14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25v-9.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"></path><path d="M22.5 8.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22.25 20H21v1.543a1.457 1.457 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L15.939 20H10.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 18.25v-1.465a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.465c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .53.22l2.72 2.72v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Discussions</div> Collaborate outside of code </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"code_search","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"code_search_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/code-search"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code-square color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M10.3 8.24a.75.75 0 0 1-.04 1.06L7.352 12l2.908 2.7a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02 1.1l-3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.1l3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06.04Zm3.44 1.06a.75.75 0 1 1 1.02-1.1l3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.1l-3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02-1.1l2.908-2.7-2.908-2.7Z"></path><path d="M2 3.75C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2h16.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v16.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 20.25 22H3.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 20.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v16.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h16.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V3.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Code Search</div> Find more, search less </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0 border-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="product-explore-heading">Explore</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="product-explore-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"all_features","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"all_features_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features"> All features </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative 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</div> </modal-dialog></div> </div> <div data-action="click:qbsearch-input#retract" class="dark-backdrop position-fixed" hidden data-target="qbsearch-input.darkBackdrop"></div> <div class="color-fg-default"> <dialog-helper> <dialog data-target="qbsearch-input.feedbackDialog" data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose" id="feedback-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="feedback-dialog-title" aria-describedby="feedback-dialog-description" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay-whenNarrow Overlay--size-medium Overlay--motion-scaleFade Overlay--disableScroll"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-header"> <div class="Overlay-headerContentWrap"> <div class="Overlay-titleWrap"> <h1 class="Overlay-title " id="feedback-dialog-title"> Provide feedback </h1> </div> <div class="Overlay-actionWrap"> <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" aria-label="Close" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="close-button 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seriously.</p> <textarea name="feedback" class="form-control width-full mb-2" style="height: 120px" id="feedback"></textarea> <input name="include_email" id="include_email" aria-label="Include my email address so I can be contacted" class="form-control mr-2" type="checkbox"> <label for="include_email" style="font-weight: normal">Include my email address so I can be contacted</label> </form></div> </scrollable-region> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-footer Overlay-footer--alignEnd"> <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="btn"> Cancel </button> <button form="code-search-feedback-form" data-action="click:qbsearch-input#submitFeedback" type="submit" data-view-component="true" class="btn-primary btn"> Submit feedback </button> </div> </dialog></dialog-helper> <custom-scopes data-target="qbsearch-input.customScopesManager"> <dialog-helper> <dialog data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialog" 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value="oszjTxYpxBjilsYl098dm6kS6lEkP0ECs+ZC9UGbd1YZ58TVDWmOb1YJKmRDVVPVutMyA0H/C4xTKcZweVf6/g==" /> <div data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialogFlash"></div> <input type="hidden" id="custom_scope_id" name="custom_scope_id" data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesIdField"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="custom_scope_name">Name</label> <auto-check src="/search/custom_scopes/check_name" required only-validate-on-blur="false"> <input type="text" name="custom_scope_name" id="custom_scope_name" data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesNameField" class="form-control" autocomplete="off" placeholder="github-ruby" required maxlength="50"> <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="2WhODTjSqxc6GnchztQ4mX1zEaIhEM1o79qkhhNi6Zxn82tgC0svcoDFP6goLFgucbhEyVXmXGr5/JLsjQpIGQ==" /> </auto-check> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="custom_scope_query">Query</label> <input type="text" name="custom_scope_query" id="custom_scope_query" data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesQueryField" 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9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.251.251 0 0 0-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68ZM8.75 4.75v3a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-3a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 10.5a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem-label"> Security </span> </a> </li> <li hidden="hidden" data-menu-item="i8insights-tab" data-targets="action-list.items" role="none" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem"> <a tabindex="-1" id="item-3b535a31-3168-471a-bb09-690bc8c6e02e" href="/kata-containers/community/pulse" role="menuitem" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListContent ActionListContent--visual16"> <span class="ActionListItem-visual ActionListItem-visual--leading"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph"> <path d="M1.5 1.75V13.5h13.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5H.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V1.75a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Zm14.28 2.53-5.25 5.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L7 7.06 4.28 9.78a.751.751 0 0 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PRs"},{"level":2,"text":"Use static checks for validation","anchor":"use-static-checks-for-validation","htmlText":"Use static checks for validation"},{"level":3,"text":"Fix failed static checks after submitting PRs","anchor":"fix-failed-static-checks-after-submitting-prs","htmlText":"Fix failed static checks after submitting PRs"},{"level":3,"text":"Kata runtime static checks","anchor":"kata-runtime-static-checks","htmlText":"Kata runtime static checks"},{"level":2,"text":"Porting","anchor":"porting","htmlText":"Porting"},{"level":3,"text":"Porting labels","anchor":"porting-labels","htmlText":"Porting labels"},{"level":3,"text":"Stable branch backports","anchor":"stable-branch-backports","htmlText":"Stable branch backports"},{"level":3,"text":"Porting issue numbers","anchor":"porting-issue-numbers","htmlText":"Porting issue numbers"},{"level":3,"text":"Porting comments","anchor":"porting-comments","htmlText":"Porting comments"},{"level":3,"text":"Forward ports","anchor":"forward-ports","htmlText":"Forward ports"},{"level":3,"text":"Porting examples","anchor":"porting-examples","htmlText":"Porting examples"},{"level":4,"text":"Backport and forward port example","anchor":"backport-and-forward-port-example","htmlText":"Backport and forward port example"},{"level":4,"text":"Double backport example","anchor":"double-backport-example","htmlText":"Double backport example"},{"level":2,"text":"Patch format","anchor":"patch-format","htmlText":"Patch format"},{"level":3,"text":"General format","anchor":"general-format","htmlText":"General format"},{"level":4,"text":"Pull request format","anchor":"pull-request-format","htmlText":"Pull request format"},{"level":3,"text":"Subsystem","anchor":"subsystem","htmlText":"Subsystem"},{"level":3,"text":"Best practices for patches","anchor":"best-practices-for-patches","htmlText":"Best practices for 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dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eContribute to the Kata Containers project\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-contribute-to-the-kata-containers-project\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Contribute to the Kata Containers project\" href=\"#contribute-to-the-kata-containers-project\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#code-of-conduct\"\u003eCode of Conduct\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#pull-requests\"\u003ePull requests\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#github-basic-setup\"\u003eGitHub basic setup\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#prerequisites\"\u003ePrerequisites\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#contributor-roles\"\u003eContributor roles\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#golang-coding-style\"\u003eGolang coding style\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#rustlang-coding-style\"\u003eRustlang coding style\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#certificate-of-origin\"\u003eCertificate of Origin\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#github-best-practices\"\u003eGitHub best practices\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#submit-issues-before-prs\"\u003eSubmit issues before PRs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#issue-tracking\"\u003eIssue tracking\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#closing-issues\"\u003eClosing issues\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#github-workflow\"\u003eGitHub workflow\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#configure-your-environment\"\u003eConfigure your environment\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#github-labels-and-keywords-that-block-prs\"\u003eGitHub labels and keywords that block PRs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#re-vendor-prs\"\u003eRe-vendor PRs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#use-static-checks-for-validation\"\u003eUse static checks for validation\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#fix-failed-static-checks-after-submitting-prs\"\u003eFix failed static checks after submitting PRs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#kata-runtime-static-checks\"\u003eKata runtime static checks\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#porting\"\u003ePorting\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#porting-labels\"\u003ePorting labels\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#stable-branch-backports\"\u003eStable branch backports\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#porting-issue-numbers\"\u003ePorting issue numbers\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#porting-comments\"\u003ePorting comments\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#forward-ports\"\u003eForward ports\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#porting-examples\"\u003ePorting examples\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#patch-format\"\u003ePatch format\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#general-format\"\u003eGeneral format\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#subsystem\"\u003eSubsystem\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#best-practices-for-patches\"\u003eBest practices for patches\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#verification\"\u003eVerification\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#examples\"\u003eExamples\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#reviews\"\u003eReviews\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#review-examples\"\u003eReview Examples\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#continuous-integration\"\u003eContinuous Integration\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#contact\"\u003eContact\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#project-maintainers\"\u003eProject maintainers\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe Kata Containers project is an open source project licensed under the\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eApache License, Version 2.0\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt comprises a number of repositories under the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/kata-containers\"\u003eGitHub Kata\nContainers organisation\u003c/a\u003e. Unless\nexplicitly stated otherwise, all the Kata Containers repositories follow the\nprocess documented here.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eCode of Conduct\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-code-of-conduct\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Code of Conduct\" href=\"#code-of-conduct\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAll contributors must agree to the project \u003ca href=\"/kata-containers/community/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md\"\u003ecode of conduct\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePull requests\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-pull-requests\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Pull requests\" href=\"#pull-requests\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAll the repositories accept contributions via \u003ca href=\"https://help.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-issues-and-pull-requests/about-pull-requests\"\u003eGitHub Pull requests (PR)\u003c/a\u003e. Submit PRs by following the \u003ca href=\"#github-workflow\"\u003eGitHub workflow\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGitHub basic setup\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-github-basic-setup\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: GitHub basic setup\" href=\"#github-basic-setup\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo get started, complete the prerequisites below.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePrerequisites\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-prerequisites\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Prerequisites\" href=\"#prerequisites\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eReview \u003ca href=\"#contributor-roles\"\u003eContributor roles\u003c/a\u003e that require special Git\nconfiguration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://help.github.com/en/github/getting-started-with-github/set-up-git\"\u003eSet up Git\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c/strong\u003e The email address you specify must match the email address you\nuse to sign-off commits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://help.github.com/en/github/getting-started-with-github/fork-a-repo\"\u003eFork and Clone\u003c/a\u003e the relevant repository at the\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/kata-containers\"\u003eKata Containers Project\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eExample: Your local clone should show \u003ccode\u003eyour-github-username\u003c/code\u003e, as follows.\n\u003ccode\u003ehttps://github.com/${your-github-username}/community\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eContributor roles\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-contributor-roles\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Contributor roles\" href=\"#contributor-roles\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSpecial Git configuration is required for these contributors:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#golang-coding-style\"\u003eGolang coding style\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#rustlang-coding-style\"\u003eRustlang coding style\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#kata-runtime-static-checks\"\u003eKata runtime static checks\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor all other contributor roles, follow the standard configuration, shown in\nPrerequisites.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGolang coding style\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-golang-coding-style\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Golang coding style\" href=\"#golang-coding-style\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReview \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/CodeReviewComments\"\u003eGo Code Review Comments\u003c/a\u003e to avoid common \u003ccode\u003eGolang\u003c/code\u003e errors.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse \u003ccode\u003egofmt\u003c/code\u003e to fix any mechanical style issues.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eRustlang coding style\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-rustlang-coding-style\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Rustlang coding style\" href=\"#rustlang-coding-style\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse \u003ccode\u003erustfmt\u003c/code\u003e to fix any mechanical style issues. \u003ccode\u003eRustfmt\u003c/code\u003e uses a style which conforms to the\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/rust-dev-tools/fmt-rfcs/blob/master/guide/guide.md\"\u003eRust Style Guide\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse \u003ccode\u003eclippy\u003c/code\u003e to catch common mistakes and improve your Rust code.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eYou can install the above tools as follows.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ rustup component add rustfmt clippy\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e$ rustup component add rustfmt clippy\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eCertificate of Origin\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-certificate-of-origin\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Certificate of Origin\" href=\"#certificate-of-origin\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn order to get a clear contribution chain of trust we use the \u003ca href=\"https://ltsi.linuxfoundation.org/software/signed-off-process/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003esigned-off-by\nlanguage\u003c/a\u003e\nused by the Linux kernel project.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGitHub best practices\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-github-best-practices\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: GitHub best practices\" href=\"#github-best-practices\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSubmit issues before PRs\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-submit-issues-before-prs\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Submit issues before PRs\" href=\"#submit-issues-before-prs\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRaise a GitHub issue \u003cstrong\u003ebefore\u003c/strong\u003e starting work on a PR.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOur process requires an issue to be associated with every PR (see \u003ca href=\"#patch-format\"\u003epatch format\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf you are a new contributor, create an issue and add a comment stating\nthat you intend to work on the issue. This notifies our team of the work you\nplan to do.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eIssue tracking\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-issue-tracking\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Issue tracking\" href=\"#issue-tracking\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo report a bug that is not already documented, please open a GitHub issue for the repository in question.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf it is unclear which repository to raise your query against, first try to\nget in \u003ca href=\"#contact\"\u003econtact\u003c/a\u003e with us. If in doubt, raise the issue\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/kata-containers/community/issues/new\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e and we will\nhelp you to handle the query by routing it to the correct area for resolution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eClosing issues\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-closing-issues\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Closing issues\" href=\"#closing-issues\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOur tooling requires adding a \u003ccode\u003eFixes\u003c/code\u003e comment to at least one commit in the PR, which triggers GitHub to automatically close the issue once the PR is merged:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"pod: Remove token from Cmd structure\n\nThe token and pid data will be hold by the new Process structure and\nthey are related to a container.\n\nFixes #123\n\nSigned-off-by: Sebastien Boeuf \u0026lt;sebastien.boeuf@intel.com\u0026gt;\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epod: Remove token from Cmd structure\n\nThe token and pid data will be hold by the new Process structure and\nthey are related to a container.\n\nFixes #123\n\nSigned-off-by: Sebastien Boeuf \u0026lt;sebastien.boeuf@intel.com\u0026gt;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe issue is automatically closed by GitHub when the\n\u003ca href=\"https://help.github.com/articles/closing-issues-via-commit-messages/\"\u003ecommit message\u003c/a\u003e is parsed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGitHub workflow\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-github-workflow\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: GitHub workflow\" href=\"#github-workflow\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eKata Containers employs certain augmentations to a\n\u003ca href=\"https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/\"\u003estandard GitHub workflow\u003c/a\u003e.\nIn this section, we explain these augmentations in more detail. Follow these guidelines when contributing to Kata Containers repositories, except where noted below.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eComplete the \u003ca href=\"#github-basic-setup\"\u003eGitHub basic setup\u003c/a\u003e above before continuing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eEnsure each PR only covers one topic. If you mix up different items in\nyour patches or PR, they will likely need to be reworked.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFollow a \u003ca href=\"https://help.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-issues-and-pull-requests/about-branches\"\u003etopic branch method\u003c/a\u003e for development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFollow carefully the \u003ca href=\"#patch-format\"\u003epatch format\u003c/a\u003e for PRs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eApply the appropriate GitHub labels to your PR. This\nis particularly relevant to maintain \u003ca href=\"#stable-branch-backports\"\u003eStable branch backports\u003c/a\u003e. See also \u003ca href=\"#github-labels-and-keywords-that-block-prs\"\u003eGitHub labels and keywords that block PRs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c/strong\u003e External contributors should use keywords, explained in the\nlink above. Labels may not be visible to external contributors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://help.github.com/en/github/using-git/about-git-rebase\"\u003eRebase\u003c/a\u003e\ncommits on your branch and \u003ccode\u003eforce push\u003c/code\u003e after each cycle of feedback.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eConfigure your environment\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-configure-your-environment\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Configure your environment\" href=\"#configure-your-environment\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMost \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/kata-containers\"\u003eKata Containers repositories\u003c/a\u003e\ncontain code written in the \u003ca href=\"https://golang.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eGo language (golang)\u003c/a\u003e. Go\nrequires all code to be put inside the directory specified by the \u003ccode\u003e$GOPATH\u003c/code\u003e\nvariable. Follow this example to put the code in the standard location.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ export GOPATH=${GOPATH:-$HOME/go}\n$ mkdir -p \u0026quot;$GOPATH\u0026quot;\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e$ \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eexport\u003c/span\u003e GOPATH=\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003e${GOPATH\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e:-\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003e$HOME\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e/\u003c/span\u003ego}\u003c/span\u003e\n$ mkdir -p \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003e$GOPATH\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor further details on \u003ccode\u003egolang\u003c/code\u003e, refer to the\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers/blob/main/docs/Developer-Guide.md#requirements-to-build-individual-components\"\u003erequirements section of the Kata Developer Guide\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote\u003c/em\u003e: If you intend to make minor edits, it's acceptable\nto simply fork and clone without adding the GOPATH variable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFork and clone\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-fork-and-clone\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Fork and clone\" href=\"#fork-and-clone\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn this example, we configure a Git environment to contribute to this very\n\u003ccode\u003eCommunity\u003c/code\u003e repo. We create a sample branch, incorporate reviewer feedback, and rebase our commits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFork the \u003ca href=\"https://help.github.com/articles/cloning-a-repository\"\u003eupstream repository\u003c/a\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://help.github.com/articles/cloning-a-repository\"\u003eClone your forked copy of the upstream repository\u003c/a\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhile on your \u003cem\u003eforked copy\u003c/em\u003e, select the green button \u003ccode\u003eClone or download\u003c/code\u003e\nand copy the URL.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRun the commands below and \u003cstrong\u003epaste the copied URL\u003c/strong\u003e (previous step),\nso your real GitHub user name replaces \u003ccode\u003eyour-github-username\u003c/code\u003e below.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ dir=\u0026quot;$GOPATH/src/github.com/kata-containers\u0026quot; \n$ mkdir -p \u0026quot;$dir\u0026quot;\n$ cd \u0026quot;$dir\u0026quot;\n$ git clone https://github.com/{your-github-username}/community\n$ cd community\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e$ dir=\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003e$GOPATH\u003c/span\u003e/src/github.com/kata-containers\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \n$ mkdir -p \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003e$dir\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n$ \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecd\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003e$dir\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n$ git clone https://github.com/{your-github-username}/community\n$ \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecd\u003c/span\u003e community\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c/strong\u003e Cloning a forked repository automatically gives a remote \u003ccode\u003eorigin\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eConfigure the upstream remote\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-configure-the-upstream-remote\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Configure the upstream remote\" href=\"#configure-the-upstream-remote\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNext, add the remote \u003ccode\u003eupstream\u003c/code\u003e. Configuring this remote allows you to\nsynchronize your forked copy, \u003ccode\u003eorigin\u003c/code\u003e, with the \u003ccode\u003eupstream\u003c/code\u003e. The\n\u003ccode\u003eupstream\u003c/code\u003e URL varies by repository. We use the \u003ccode\u003eupstream\u003c/code\u003e from the Community for this example.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eChange directory into \u003ccode\u003ecommunity\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSet the remote \u003ccode\u003eupstream\u003c/code\u003e as follows.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ git remote add upstream https://github.com/kata-containers/community\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e$ git remote add upstream https://github.com/kata-containers/community\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRun \u003ccode\u003egit remote -v\u003c/code\u003e. Your remotes should appear similar to these:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"origin https://github.com/your-github-username/community.git (fetch) \norigin https://github.com/your-github-username/community.git (push) \nupstream https://github.com/kata-containers/community (fetch) \nupstream https://github.com/kata-containers/community (push) \"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eorigin https://github.com/your-github-username/community.git (fetch) \norigin https://github.com/your-github-username/community.git (push) \nupstream https://github.com/kata-containers/community (fetch) \nupstream https://github.com/kata-containers/community (push) \n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor more details, see how to \u003ca href=\"https://help.github.com/articles/configuring-a-remote-for-a-fork\"\u003eset up a git remote\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eCreate a topic branch\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-create-a-topic-branch\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Create a topic branch\" href=\"#create-a-topic-branch\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eCreate a new \"topic branch\" to do your work on:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ git checkout -b fix-contrib-bugs\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e$ git checkout -b fix-contrib-bugs\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWarning:\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cem\u003eNever\u003c/em\u003e make changes directly to the \u003ccode\u003emain\u003c/code\u003e branch\n--\u003cem\u003ealways\u003c/em\u003e create a new \"topic branch\" for PR work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMake some editorial changes. In this example, we modify the file that\nyou are reading.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ $EDITOR CONTRIBUTING.md\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e$ $EDITOR CONTRIBUTING.md\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c/strong\u003e If editing in Windows make sure that all documents end with LF\nand not CRLF. The CI system will fail if carriage returns are in the\ndocument. Many editors support the ability to change this. There is a\ntool called dos2unix available on Git Bash for Windows and also available\non Linux systems that can convert files to LF endings. See the\n\u003ca href=\"https://docs.github.com/en/github/getting-started-with-github/getting-started-with-git/configuring-git-to-handle-line-endings\"\u003eConfiguring Git to handle line endings\u003c/a\u003e\nguide for more details on how to configure \u003ccode\u003egit\u003c/code\u003e to automatically insert\nthe correct line endings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eCommit your changes to the current (\u003ccode\u003efix-contrib-bugs\u003c/code\u003e) branch. Assure\nyou use the correct \u003ca href=\"#patch-format\"\u003epatch format\u003c/a\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ git commit -as\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e$ git commit -as\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePush your local \u003ccode\u003efix-contrib-bugs\u003c/code\u003e branch to your remote fork:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ git push -u origin fix-contrib-bugs\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e$ git push -u origin fix-contrib-bugs\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c/strong\u003e The \u003ccode\u003e-u\u003c/code\u003e option tells \u003ccode\u003egit\u003c/code\u003e to \"link\" your local clone with\nyour remote fork so that it knows from now on that the local repository\nand the remote fork refer to \"the same\" upstream repository. Strictly\nspeaking, this option is only required the first time you call \u003ccode\u003egit push\u003c/code\u003e\nfor a new clone.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eCreate the PR:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBrowse to \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/kata-containers/community\"\u003ehttps://github.com/kata-containers/community\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClick the \"Compare \u0026amp; pull request\" button that appears.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClick the \"Create pull request\" button.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c/strong\u003e You do not need to change any of the defaults on this page.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eUpdate your PR based on review comments\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-update-your-pr-based-on-review-comments\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Update your PR based on review comments\" href=\"#update-your-pr-based-on-review-comments\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSuppose you received some reviewer feedback that asked you to make some\nchanges to your PR. You updated your local branch and committed those\nreview changes by creating three commits. There are now four commits in your\nlocal branch: the original commit you created for the PR and three other\ncommits you created to apply the review changes to your branch. Your branch\nnow looks something like this:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ git log main.. --oneline --decorate=no\n4928d57 docs: Fix typos and fold long lines\n829c6c8 apply review feedback changes\n7c9b1b2 remove blank lines\n60e2b2b doh - missed one\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e$ git log main.. --oneline --decorate=no\n4928d57 docs: Fix typos and fold long lines\n829c6c8 apply review feedback changes\n7c9b1b2 remove blank lines\n60e2b2b doh - missed one\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c/strong\u003e The \u003ccode\u003egit log\u003c/code\u003e command compares your current branch\n(\u003ccode\u003efix-contrib-bugs\u003c/code\u003e) with the \u003ccode\u003emain\u003c/code\u003e branch and lists all the commits,\none per line.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGit rebase if multiple commits\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-git-rebase-if-multiple-commits\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Git rebase if multiple commits\" href=\"#git-rebase-if-multiple-commits\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSince all four commits are related to \u003cem\u003ethe same change\u003c/em\u003e, it makes sense to\ncombine all four commits into a \u003cem\u003esingle commit\u003c/em\u003e on your PR. You need to\n\u003ca href=\"https://help.github.com/github/using-git/about-git-rebase\"\u003egit rebase\u003c/a\u003e\nmultiple commits on your branch. Follow these steps.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUpdate the \u003ccode\u003emain\u003c/code\u003e branch in your local copy of the upstream\nrepository:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/kata-containers/community\n$ git checkout main\n$ git pull --rebase upstream main\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/kata-containers/community\n$ git checkout main\n$ git pull --rebase upstream main\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe previous command downloads all the latest changes from the upstream\nrepository and adds them to your \u003cem\u003elocal copy\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNow, switch back to your PR branch:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ git checkout fix-contrib-bugs\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e$ git checkout fix-contrib-bugs\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRebase your changes against the \u003ccode\u003emain\u003c/code\u003e branch.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ git rebase -i main\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e$ git rebase -i main\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eExample output:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"pick 2e335ac docs: Fix typos and fold long lines\npick 6d6deb0 apply review feedback changes\npick 23bc01d remove blank lines\npick 3a4ba3f doh - missed one\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003epick 2e335ac docs: Fix typos and fold long lines\npick 6d6deb0 apply review feedback changes\npick 23bc01d remove blank lines\npick 3a4ba3f doh - missed one\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn your editor, read the comments at the bottom of the screen.\nDo not modify the first line, \u003ccode\u003epick 2e335ac docs: Fix typos ...\u003c/code\u003e. Instead, revise \u003ccode\u003epick\u003c/code\u003e to \u003ccode\u003esquash\u003c/code\u003e at the start of all following lines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eExample output:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"pick 2e335ac docs: Fix typos and fold long lines\nsquash 6d6deb0 apply review feedback changes\nsquash 23bc01d remove blank lines\nsquash 3a4ba3f doh - missed one\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003epick 2e335ac docs: Fix typos and fold long lines\nsquash 6d6deb0 apply review feedback changes\nsquash 23bc01d remove blank lines\nsquash 3a4ba3f doh - missed one\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSave your changes and quit the editor. Git puts you \u003cem\u003eback\u003c/em\u003e into your\neditor. You will see all the commit \u003cem\u003emessages\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAt top is your first commit, which should be in the\n\u003ca href=\"#patch-format\"\u003ecorrect format\u003c/a\u003e. Keep your first commit and delete\nall the following commits, as appropriate, based on\nthe review feedback.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSave the file and quit the editor. Once this operation completes, the four\ncommits will have been converted into a single new commit. Check this by\nrunning the \u003ccode\u003egit log\u003c/code\u003e command again:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ git log main.. --oneline --decorate=no\n3ea3aef docs: Fix typo\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e$ git log main.. --oneline --decorate=no\n3ea3aef docs: Fix typo\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eForce push your updated local \u003ccode\u003efix-contrib-bugs\u003c/code\u003e branch to \u003ccode\u003eorigin\u003c/code\u003e\nremote:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ git push -f origin fix-contrib-bugs\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e$ git push -f origin fix-contrib-bugs\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c/strong\u003e Not only does this command upload your changes to your fork, it\nalso includes the \u003cem\u003elatest upstream changes\u003c/em\u003e to your fork since you ran\n\u003ccode\u003egit pull --rebase upstream main\u003c/code\u003e on the main branch and then merged\nthose changes into your PR branch. This ensures your fork is now \"up to\ndate\" with the upstream repository. The \u003ccode\u003e-f\u003c/code\u003e option is a \"force push\". Since\nyou created a new commit using \u003ccode\u003egit rebase\u003c/code\u003e, you must \"overwrite\" the old\ncopy of your branch in your fork on GitHub.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eYour PR is now updated on GitHub. To ensure team members are aware of this,\nleave a message on the PR stating something like, \"Review feedback applied\".\nThis notification allows the team to once again review your PR more quickly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGitHub labels and keywords that block PRs\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-github-labels-and-keywords-that-block-prs\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: GitHub labels and keywords that block PRs\" href=\"#github-labels-and-keywords-that-block-prs\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eKata Containers CI systems have two methods that allow marking\nPRs to prevent them being merged. This practice is often used during\ndevelopment. The two methods are: 1) Use\n\u003ca href=\"https://help.github.com/articles/about-labels/\"\u003eGitHub labels\u003c/a\u003e\nor; 2) Use keywords in the PR subject line. The keywords can appear anywhere\nin the subject line.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe following table summarises some common scenarios and appropriate use\nof labels or keywords:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eScenario\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eGitHub label\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePR description contains\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePR created \"as an idea\" and feedback sought\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003erfc\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRFC\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePR incomplete - needs more work or rework\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003edo-not-merge\u003c/code\u003e \u003ccode\u003ewip\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWIP\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePR should not be merged (has all required \"acks\", but needs more reviewer input)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003edo-not-merge\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePR is a \"work In progress\", raised to get early feedback\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ewip\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWIP\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePR is complete but depends on another so should not be merged (yet)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003edo-not-merge\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf any of the values in the table above are set on a PR, it will be\nautomatically blocked from merging.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c/strong\u003e Often during discussions, the abbreviated and full terms are\nused interchangeably. For instance, often \u003ccode\u003eDNM\u003c/code\u003e is used in discussions as\nshorthand for \u003ccode\u003edo-not-merge\u003c/code\u003e. The CI systems only recognise the above\nphrases as shown.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eRe-vendor PRs\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-re-vendor-prs\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Re-vendor PRs\" href=\"#re-vendor-prs\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf you raise a PR to update the vendored copy of one or more golang packages,\nafter running the\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/kata-containers/community/blob/main/VENDORING.md\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003edep\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e command, ensure you add any modified files under the \u003ccode\u003evendor/\u003c/code\u003e directory to Git before committing the changes:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ git add vendor/\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e$ git add vendor/\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThere are two critical pieces of information you need to add to the commit\nbody:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA brief explanation why the re-vendor is required.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor example, you should state if an important bug fix or new feature is\nrequired, or if a particular commit is needed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe range of commits being added for these third-party packages.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt is possible that re-vendoring a particular package will also result in\nupdates to other dependent packages. However, it is important to include\nthe commit range (even if it is big) for the primary package(s) the\nre-vendor PR is raised for.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThese details allow for easier troubleshooting if the re-vendor PR\nintroduces bug or behavioral changes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eGenerate the list of new commits added to the primary re-vendored\npackage by comparing the previous and latest commits for the package being re-vendored.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe following example lists the steps you should take if a new version of\n\u003ccode\u003elibcontainer\u003c/code\u003e (part of the \u003ccode\u003erunc\u003c/code\u003e repository) is required:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eDetermine the previous and latest commits for the package by looking at\nthe \u003ccode\u003ediff\u003c/code\u003e of the \u003ccode\u003eGopkg.toml\u003c/code\u003e file in your branch.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRun the commands below:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ go get -d -u github.com/opencontainers/runc\n$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/opencontainers/runc\n$ old_commit=\u0026quot;...\u0026quot;\n$ new_commit=\u0026quot;...\u0026quot;\n$ git log --no-merges --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline \u0026quot;${old_commit}..${new_commit}\u0026quot; | sed 's/^/ /g'\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e$ go get -d -u github.com/opencontainers/runc\n$ \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecd\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003e$GOPATH\u003c/span\u003e/src/github.com/opencontainers/runc\n$ old_commit=\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e...\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n$ new_commit=\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e...\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n$ git log --no-merges --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003e${old_commit}\u003c/span\u003e..\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003e${new_commit}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e|\u003c/span\u003e sed \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e'\u003c/span\u003es/^/ /g\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e'\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePaste the output of the previous command directly into the commit \"as-is\".\nNote that the four space indent added by the \u003ccode\u003esed\u003c/code\u003e command is used to force\nGitHub to render the list in a fixed-width font, which makes it easier to\nread.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor additional information on using the \u003ccode\u003edep\u003c/code\u003e tool, see\n\"\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/kata-containers/community/blob/main/VENDORING.md\"\u003ePerforming vendoring for the Kata Containers project\u003c/a\u003e\".\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eUse static checks for validation\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-use-static-checks-for-validation\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Use static checks for validation\" href=\"#use-static-checks-for-validation\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eKata Containers utilizes \u003ca href=\"#continuous-integration\"\u003eContinuous Integration (CI)\u003c/a\u003e to automatically check every PR.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe strongly encourage you to run the same CI tests on individual PRs, using \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/kata-containers/tests/blob/main/.ci/static-checks.sh\"\u003estatic checks\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn repositories where a \u003ccode\u003eMakefile\u003c/code\u003e is present, you can execute\nstatic checks for testing and development. To do so, invoke the \u003ccode\u003emake check\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003emake test\u003c/code\u003e rules, after developer mode is enabled.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ export KATA_DEV_MODE=true\n$ make check\n$ make test\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e$ \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eexport\u003c/span\u003e KATA_DEV_MODE=true\n$ make check\n$ make \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003etest\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRunning these checks should result in \u003cstrong\u003eno errors\u003c/strong\u003e. If errors are reported, fix them before submitting your PR.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo replicate the static checks performed by the CI system:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"contains-task-list\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"task-list-item\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cinput type=\"checkbox\" id=\"\" disabled=\"\" class=\"task-list-item-checkbox\" checked=\"\"\u003e Ensure you have a \"clean\" source tree, as the checks cover all files\npresent. Checks might fail if you have extra files or your files are out of date in your tree.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"task-list-item\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cinput type=\"checkbox\" id=\"\" disabled=\"\" class=\"task-list-item-checkbox\" checked=\"\"\u003e Ensure \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003egolangci-lint\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e is\ncurrent or has not been previously installed (the static check scripts will\ninstall it if necessary). Changing the linters used or the Kata\nContainers code base can produce spurious errors that do not fail inside the\nCI systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFix failed static checks after submitting PRs\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-fix-failed-static-checks-after-submitting-prs\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Fix failed static checks after submitting PRs\" href=\"#fix-failed-static-checks-after-submitting-prs\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSome submitted PRs fail to pass static checks. After such a PR fails,\nview its build logs to determine the cause of failure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAt the bottom of the PR, if a message appears, \"Some checks were not\nsuccessful,\" select \"Details\", as shown below.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"/kata-containers/community/blob/main/fig1-ci-cd-failure.png\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/kata-containers/community/raw/main/fig1-ci-cd-failure.png\" alt=\"Failed CI-CD\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUpon entering the Travis CI* web page, select the first number that\nappears below \"Build jobs.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eScroll to the bottom of the build log and view the \u003ccode\u003eERROR\u003c/code\u003e message(s).\nIn the example below, the \u003ccode\u003eERROR\u003c/code\u003e reads: \u003ccode\u003e... no signed-off-by specified\u003c/code\u003e. This is a requirement. To fix, use the signed-off-by method while pushing a commit. See \u003ca href=\"#patch-format\"\u003ePatch format\u003c/a\u003e for more details.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"/kata-containers/community/blob/main/fig2-ci-cd-log.png\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/kata-containers/community/raw/main/fig2-ci-cd-log.png\" alt=\"Build log error messages\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eKata runtime static checks\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-kata-runtime-static-checks\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Kata runtime static checks\" href=\"#kata-runtime-static-checks\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf working on \u003ccode\u003ekata-runtime\u003c/code\u003e, first ensure you run \u003ccode\u003emake\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003emake install\u003c/code\u003e\nin the \u003ccode\u003evirtcontainers\u003c/code\u003e subdirectory, as shown below. For more information,\nsee \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers/blob/main/src/runtime/virtcontainers/documentation/Developers.md#testing\"\u003evirtcontainers\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ pushd runtime/virtcontainers\n$ make\n$ sudo -E PATH=$PATH make install\n$ popd\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e$ \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003epushd\u003c/span\u003e runtime/virtcontainers\n$ make\n$ sudo -E PATH=\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003e$PATH\u003c/span\u003e make install\n$ \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003epopd\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c/strong\u003e The final \u003ccode\u003epopd\u003c/code\u003e is required to return to the top-level directory\nfrom where other build rules can be executed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePorting\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-porting\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Porting\" href=\"#porting\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePorting applies a patch set to an older (\"backport\") or a newer\n(\"forward-port\") branch or repository.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBackporting is necessary to ensure that older -- but still maintained --\nreleases benefit from bug fixes already applied to newer releases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eForward porting is necessary where there are multiple development streams and\nbug fixes or new features have been applied to the older stream, but not the\nnewer one.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eStable branches are considered maintenance branches, not development\nbranches. Bug fixes must land in a newer development branch before landing\nin a stable branch to ensure the changes have been tested thoroughly before\nbeing applied to a stable release (maintenance) branch.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePorting is performed with a new PR meaning porting PRs \u003cem\u003emust\u003c/em\u003e have an\nassociated \"parent\" PR (the original bug fix or feature PR).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eEvery PR must indicate whether it should be ported in either direction;\n\u003cem\u003ebackwards\u003c/em\u003e (backport) or \u003cem\u003eforwards\u003c/em\u003e (forward port). This is achieved by\nadding up to two labels per PR which signal the porting requirements for the\nPR.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"#stable-branch-backports\"\u003estable branch backports\u003c/a\u003e section provides\ninformation on the sorts of changes which should be backported.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePorting labels\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-porting-labels\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Porting labels\" href=\"#porting-labels\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe table below lists all valid combinations of GitHub labels. Every PR must\nbe labelled as shown in the table row that most closely corresponds to the\ntype of PR the user is raising.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe porting labels are enforced by a\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/kata-containers/.github/blob/main/scripts/pr-porting-checks.sh\"\u003eGitHub action\u003c/a\u003e.\nThis means that \u003cem\u003ePRs that do not have a valid set of porting labels cannot be merged\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe \"Common PR type\" column in the table shows the most likely type of PR, but\nthis is just a guide.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA \u003ccode\u003ebackport\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode\u003eforward-port\u003c/code\u003e labelled PR \u003cstrong\u003emust\u003c/strong\u003e have an associated\nparent PR which caused the backport or forward port PR to be raised.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePR summary\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCommon PR type\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eBackport label\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eForward port label\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eNotes\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA \"standalone\" PR\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFeature\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eno-backport-needed\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eno-forward-port-needed\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePR does not need to be ported. For example, a PR used to add a new feature to the latest release.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePR that needs to be backported only\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBug fix\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eneeds-backport\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eno-forward-port-needed\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePR that needs to be forward ported only\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBug fix or feature\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eno-backport-needed\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eneeds-forward-port\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePR that needs to be ported backwards \u003cem\u003eand\u003c/em\u003e forwards\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBug fix\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eneeds-backport\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eneeds-forward-port\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFor example a Kata 1.x PR that needs to be ported to Kata 2.0 \u003cem\u003eand\u003c/em\u003e to one or more Kata 1.x stable branches.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA backport PR\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBug fix\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebackport\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePR to actually make the backport changes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMust have an associated \"parent\" PR.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTitle \u003cstrong\u003emust\u003c/strong\u003e contain original PRs title.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA forward port PR\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBug fix or feature\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eforward-port\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePR to actually make the forward port changes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMust have an associated \"parent\" PR.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTitle \u003cstrong\u003emust\u003c/strong\u003e contain original PRs title.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf you are not a member of the GitHub repository the PR is raised in, you may\nnot be able to see the GitHub labels. In this scenario, please add a comment\nasking for the porting labels to be applied.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eForward port and backport PRs by definition should not be raised in isolation:\nthere must be an existing PR that caused the porting PR to be raised.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf you know whether a PR should be backported or forward ported, please add\na comment on the PR if you are unable to add the appropriate labels. If you do\nnot know whether a PR should be backported or forward ported, the community\nwill work with you to identify any porting requirements and to help with\nporting activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eStable branch backports\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-stable-branch-backports\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Stable branch backports\" href=\"#stable-branch-backports\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eKata Containers maintains a number of stable branch releases. Bug fixes to\nthe main branch are selectively applied to (or \"backported\") these stable branches.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn order to aid identification of commits that potentially should be\nbackported to the stable branches, all PRs submitted must be labeled with\none or more of the following labels. At least one label that is \u003cem\u003enot\u003c/em\u003e\n\u003ccode\u003estable-candidate\u003c/code\u003e must be included.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eLabel\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMeaning\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebug\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA bug fix, which will potentially be a backport candidate\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecleanup\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA cleanup, which will likely not be backported\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003efeature\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA new feature/enhancement, that will likely not be backported\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003estable-candidate\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA PR selected for backporting - very likely a bug fix\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003evendor\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA golang vendor update. Might be considered for backport if the vendor update includes critical bug fixes\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn the event that a bug fix PR is selected for backporting to the stable\nbranches, the \u003ccode\u003estable-candidate\u003c/code\u003e label is added if not already present, and\nthe original author of the PR is asked if they will submit the relevant\nbackport PRs. For a quick guide on how to perform and submit a backport, see\nthe \u003ca href=\"/kata-containers/community/blob/main/Backport-Guide.md\"\u003eBackport Guide\u003c/a\u003e in this repository.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePorting issue numbers\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-porting-issue-numbers\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Porting issue numbers\" href=\"#porting-issue-numbers\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor ports that are within the same repository (for example a stable backport\nto a 1.x PR), specify the same issue number as the original PR in the \"fixes\ncomment\". See the \u003ca href=\"#patch-format\"\u003epatch format\u003c/a\u003e section for further details.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor ports in different repositories, create a new issue, referencing the\noriginal issue URL in the issue text.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePorting comments\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-porting-comments\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Porting comments\" href=\"#porting-comments\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIssues and PRs can only be linked if they are within the same repository.\nSince Kata 2.x uses a new central repository, it is essential to add a special\ncomment to the \u003cstrong\u003eoriginal PR\u003c/strong\u003e when new port PRs are created.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePort type\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePort comment format\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ebackport\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebackport PR: \u0026lt;backport-pr-url\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eforward port\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eforward port PR: \u0026lt;forward-port-pr-url\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe special comments \u003cstrong\u003emust\u003c/strong\u003e appear at the start of a line.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe special comments are used by tooling to check that porting has been\ncompleted correctly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAlthough these comments strictly make the \u003ccode\u003ebackport\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eforward-port\u003c/code\u003e\nlabels redundant, these labels are useful for general reporting since\nusers can search for \"all port PRs in a particular repository\" for\nexample.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eForward ports\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-forward-ports\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Forward ports\" href=\"#forward-ports\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eForward ports tend to be much less common than backports. However,\nconsolidating a number of standalone repositories into a single repository for\nthe Kata 2.0 development effort introduced a potential forward port\nrequirement. At the time, both Kata 1.x and 2.0 versions were being developed\nin parallel. This meant that lots of PRs raised in the Kata 1.x repositories\nneeded to be forward ported to the Kata 2.0 repository (since this was to be\nthe next major release and needed to contain all bug fixes and features where\npossible).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eInitial PR raised\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePR type\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eBackport?\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eForward port?\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eParticular 1.x repository\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ebug fix\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003estable branches\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.0 repository\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eParticular 1.x repository\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efeature\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.0 repository\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe 2.0 repository\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ebug fix\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.x (and maybe stable branches)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe 2.0 repository\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efeature\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePorting examples\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-porting-examples\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Porting examples\" href=\"#porting-examples\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eBackport and forward port example\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-backport-and-forward-port-example\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Backport and forward port example\" href=\"#backport-and-forward-port-example\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eImagine that you have just raised a new PR on a Kata 1.x repository. The PR\ncontains three commits:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA commit to fix a \"typo\" in a comment.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA commit that changes the way a container is destroyed (and updates the tests).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA commit that updates the documentation explaining the new contain\ndestruction behaviour.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSince the PR is not adding any new functionality and since it is correcting\nproblems with existing code, it can be considered a bug fix PR. Bug fixes\nshould generally be backported. However, this PR was raised in a Kata 1.x\nrepository meaning it should also potentially be forward-ported to the Kata\n2.0 repository.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eLooking at the tables in the \u003ca href=\"#porting-labels\"\u003eporting labels\u003c/a\u003e and the \u003ca href=\"#stable-branch-backports\"\u003estable\nbranch backports\u003c/a\u003e sections shows that this PR needs\nto be labelled with the following labels:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eneeds-backport\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eneeds-forward-port\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003estable-candidate\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOnce this PR is approved and is merged in the Kata 1.x repository, it should\nnow be backported and forward ported:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBackport: Raise new PRs on the currently maintained stable releases\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThese PRs should be labelled with the \u003ccode\u003ebackport\u003c/code\u003e label.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe commit message should mention the original PR.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe commit message should reference the \u003cem\u003eoriginal\u003c/em\u003e issue number in the\n\u003ca href=\"#patch-format\"\u003e\"fixes\" comment\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eForward port: Raise a new PR on the Kata 2.0 repository\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis PR should be labelled with the \u003ccode\u003eforward-port\u003c/code\u003e label.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe commit message should mention the original PR.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA new issue should be used for the PR and the original issue URL\nreferenced in the issue text.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAdd \u003ca href=\"#porting-comments\"\u003eporting comments\u003c/a\u003e to the \u003cem\u003eoriginal PR\u003c/em\u003e with two comments,\none for each port:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"backport PR: https://github.com/kata-containers/runtime/pull/XXX\nforward port PR: https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers/pull/YYY\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebackport PR: https://github.com/kata-containers/runtime/pull/XXX\nforward port PR: https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers/pull/YYY\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eDouble backport example\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-double-backport-example\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Double backport example\" href=\"#double-backport-example\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eImagine that you have just raised a new PR on the Kata 2.x repository. The PR\nfixes a nasty runtime bug, and adds some new unit tests to guarantee no future\nregression.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis is a pure bug fix PR. There is no \"newer\" branch or version, so it is not\npossible to forward port. However, since the PR is an important bug fix, it\nshould be backported, both to Kata 1.x \u003cem\u003eand\u003c/em\u003e the Kata 1.x stable branches.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eLooking at the tables in the \u003ca href=\"#porting-labels\"\u003eporting labels\u003c/a\u003e and the \u003ca href=\"#stable-branch-backports\"\u003estable\nbranch backports\u003c/a\u003e sections shows that this PR needs\nto be labelled with the following labels:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eneeds-backport\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eno-forward-port-needed\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003estable-candidate\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOnce this PR is approved and is merged in the Kata 2.0 repository, it should\nnow be backported \u003cem\u003etwice\u003c/em\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eKata 1.x: Raise a new PR on the Kata 1.x runtime repository\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis PR should be labelled with the \u003ccode\u003ebackport\u003c/code\u003e label.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe commit message should mention the original PR.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eStable backports: Raise new PRs on each of the currently maintained stable\nbranches in the Kata 1.x runtime repository\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThese PRs should be labelled with the \u003ccode\u003ebackport\u003c/code\u003e label.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe commit message should mention the original PR.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe commit message should reference the issue number used in the\n\u003ca href=\"#patch-format\"\u003e\"fixes\" comment\u003c/a\u003e for the 1.x PR\n(since that is in the same repository).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAdd \u003ca href=\"#porting-comments\"\u003eporting comments\u003c/a\u003e to the \u003cem\u003eoriginal PR\u003c/em\u003e with two comments,\none for each port:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"backport PR: https://github.com/kata-containers/runtime/pull/XXX\nbackport PR: https://github.com/kata-containers/runtime/pull/YYY\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebackport PR: https://github.com/kata-containers/runtime/pull/XXX\nbackport PR: https://github.com/kata-containers/runtime/pull/YYY\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePatch format\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-patch-format\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Patch format\" href=\"#patch-format\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGeneral format\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-general-format\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: General format\" href=\"#general-format\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBeside the \u003ccode\u003eSigned-off-by\u003c/code\u003e footer, we expect each patch to comply with the\nfollowing format:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"subsystem: One line change summary\n\nMore detailed explanation of your changes (why and how)\nthat spans as many lines as required.\n\nA \u0026quot;Fixes #XXX\u0026quot; comment listing the GitHub issue this change resolves.\nThis comment is required for the main patch in a sequence. See the following examples.\n\nSigned-off-by: Contributors Name \u0026lt;contributor@foo.com\u0026gt;\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003esubsystem: One line change summary\n\nMore detailed explanation of your changes (why and how)\nthat spans as many lines as required.\n\nA \"Fixes #XXX\" comment listing the GitHub issue this change resolves.\nThis comment is required for the main patch in a sequence. See the following examples.\n\nSigned-off-by: Contributors Name \u0026lt;contributor@foo.com\u0026gt;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePull request format\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-pull-request-format\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Pull request format\" href=\"#pull-request-format\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAs shown above, pull requests must adhere to these guidelines:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePreface the PR title with the appropriate keyword found in \u003ca href=\"#subsystem\"\u003eSubsystem\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eEnsure PR title length is 75 characters or fewer, including whichever\n\u003ccode\u003esubsystem\u003c/code\u003e term is used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eEnsure the PR body line length is 150 characters or fewer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe body of the message is \u003cstrong\u003enot\u003c/strong\u003e a continuation of the subject line and is\nnot used to extend the subject line beyond its character limit. The subject\nline is a complete sentence and the body is a complete, standalone paragraph.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAdditionally, PR body line length is not checked for special lines:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eLines that do not start with an alphabetic character\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSign-off lines (as to not penalize long names)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eLines without spaces\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThese should allow contributors to pass checks while including relevant\ninformation \u003cstrong\u003eif needed\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSubsystem\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-subsystem\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Subsystem\" href=\"#subsystem\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \"subsystem\" describes the area of the code that the change applies to.\nIt does not have to match a particular directory name in the source tree\nbecause it is a \"hint\" to the reader. The subsystem is generally a single\nword. Although the subsystem must be specified, it is not validated. The\nauthor decides what is a relevant subsystem for each patch.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eExamples:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSubsystem\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebuild\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eMakefile\u003c/code\u003e or configuration script change\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecli\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChange affecting command line options or commands\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003edocs\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDocumentation change\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003elogging\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLogging change\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003evendor\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"#re-vendor-prs\"\u003eRe-vendoring\u003c/a\u003e change\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo see the subsystem values chosen for existing commits:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ git log --no-merges --pretty=\u0026quot;%s\u0026quot; | cut -d: -f1 | sort -u\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e$ git log --no-merges --pretty=\"%s\" | cut -d: -f1 | sort -u\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eBest practices for patches\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-best-practices-for-patches\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Best practices for patches\" href=\"#best-practices-for-patches\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe recommend that each patch fixes one thing. Smaller patches are easier to\nreview, more likely to be accepted and merged, and more conducive for\nidentifying problems during review.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA PR can contain multiple patches. These patches should generally be related\nto the \u003ca href=\"#main-patch\"\u003emain patch\u003c/a\u003e and the overall goal of the PR. However, it\nis also acceptable to include additional or\n\u003ca href=\"#supplementary-patch\"\u003esupplementary patches\u003c/a\u003e for things such as:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFormatting (or whitespace) fixes\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComment improvements\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTidy up work\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRefactoring to simplify the codebase\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eVerification\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-verification\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Verification\" href=\"#verification\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eCorrect formatting of the PR patches is verified using the commit-message-check GitHub Action.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eExamples\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-examples\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Examples\" href=\"#examples\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eMain patch\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-main-patch\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Main patch\" href=\"#main-patch\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe following is an example of a full patch description for the main change that shows the required \"\u003ccode\u003eFixes #XXX\u003c/code\u003e\" comment, which references the GitHub issue this patch resolves:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"pod: Remove token from Cmd structure\n\nThe token and pid data will be hold by the new Process structure and\nthey are related to a container.\n\nFixes: #123\n\nSigned-off-by: Sebastien Boeuf \u0026lt;sebastien.boeuf@intel.com\u0026gt;\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epod: Remove token from Cmd structure\n\nThe token and pid data will be hold by the new Process structure and\nthey are related to a container.\n\nFixes: #123\n\nSigned-off-by: Sebastien Boeuf \u0026lt;sebastien.boeuf@intel.com\u0026gt;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSupplementary patch\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-supplementary-patch\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Supplementary patch\" href=\"#supplementary-patch\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf a PR contains multiple patches, \u003ca href=\"#main-patch\"\u003eonly one of those patches\u003c/a\u003e needs to specify the \"\u003ccode\u003eFixes #XXX\u003c/code\u003e\" comment. Supplementary patches have an identical format to the main patch, but do not need to specify a \"\u003ccode\u003eFixes #XXX\u003c/code\u003e\"\ncomment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eExample:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"image-builder: Fix incorrect error message\n\nFixed an error message which was referring to an incorrect rootfs\nvariable name.\n\nSigned-off-by: James O. D. Hunt \u0026lt;james.o.hunt@intel.com\u0026gt;\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eimage-builder: Fix incorrect error message\n\nFixed an error message which was referring to an incorrect rootfs\nvariable name.\n\nSigned-off-by: James O. D. Hunt \u0026lt;james.o.hunt@intel.com\u0026gt;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eReviews\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-reviews\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Reviews\" href=\"#reviews\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBefore your PRs are merged into the main code base, they are reviewed. We\nencourage anybody to review any PR and leave feedback.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSee the \u003ca href=\"/kata-containers/community/blob/main/PR-Review-Guide.md\"\u003ePR review guide\u003c/a\u003e for tips on performing a\ncareful review.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe use the GitHub \u003ca href=\"https://help.github.com/articles/approving-a-pull-request-with-required-reviews/\"\u003eRequired Reviews\u003c/a\u003e\nsystem for reviewers to note if they agree or disagree with a PR. To have\nan acknowledgment or \"nack\" registered with GitHub, you \u003cstrong\u003emust\u003c/strong\u003e use the\nGitHub \"Review changes\" dialog to leave feedback. Notes left only in the\ncomments fields, whilst sometimes useful, will not get registered\nin the acknowledgment counting system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eDocumentation PRs can sometimes use a modified process explained in the\n\u003ca href=\"/kata-containers/community/blob/main/Documentation-Review-Process.md\"\u003eDocumentation Review Process\u003c/a\u003e guide.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eReview Examples\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-review-examples\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Review Examples\" href=\"#review-examples\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe following is an example of a valid \"ack\", as long as\nthe \"Approve\" box is ticked in the Review changes dialog:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"Excellent work - thanks for your contribution.\n\nlgtm\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eExcellent work - thanks for your contribution.\n\nlgtm\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eContinuous Integration\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-continuous-integration\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Continuous Integration\" href=\"#continuous-integration\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe Kata Containers project has a gating process to prevent introducing\nregressions. When your PR is submitted, a Continuous Integration (CI) system\nwill run different checks on different platforms, based upon your changes. Currently Kata uses \u003ca href=\"http://jenkins.katacontainers.io\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eJenkins\u003c/a\u003e\nfor testing your changes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSome of the checks are:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStatic analysis checks.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnit tests.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFunctional tests.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegration tests.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe Jenkins jobs will wait to be triggered. A maintainer must add a \u003ccode\u003e/test\u003c/code\u003e\ncomment on the PR to let the CI jobs run.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAll CI jobs must pass in order to merge your PR.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eContact\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-contact\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Contact\" href=\"#contact\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe Kata Containers community can be reached\n\u003ca href=\"/kata-containers/community/blob/main/README.md#join-us\"\u003ethrough various channels\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eProject maintainers\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-project-maintainers\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Project maintainers\" href=\"#project-maintainers\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe Kata Containers project maintainers are the people accepting or\nrejecting any PR. Although \u003ca href=\"#reviews\"\u003eanyone can review PRs\u003c/a\u003e, only the\nacknowledgement (or \"ack\") from an Approver counts towards the approval of a PR.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eApprovers are listed in GitHub teams, one for each repository. The project\nuses the\n\u003ca href=\"https://help.github.com/en/articles/enabling-required-status-checks\"\u003eGitHub required status checks\u003c/a\u003e\nalong with the \u003ca href=\"https://help.github.com/en/articles/about-code-owners\"\u003eGitHub \u003ccode\u003eCODEOWNERS\u003c/code\u003efile\u003c/a\u003e to specify who can approve PRs. All repositories are configured to require:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTwo approvals from the repository-specific approval team.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOne \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/orgs/kata-containers/teams/documentation/members\"\u003edocumentation team\u003c/a\u003e approval if the PR modifies documentation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/article\u003e","renderedFileInfo":null,"shortPath":null,"symbolsEnabled":true,"tabSize":8,"topBannersInfo":{"overridingGlobalFundingFile":false,"globalPreferredFundingPath":null,"showInvalidCitationWarning":false,"citationHelpUrl":"https://docs.github.com/github/creating-cloning-and-archiving-repositories/creating-a-repository-on-github/about-citation-files","actionsOnboardingTip":null},"truncated":false,"viewable":true,"workflowRedirectUrl":null,"symbols":{"timed_out":false,"not_analyzed":false,"symbols":[{"name":"Contribute to the Kata Containers project","kind":"section_1","ident_start":2,"ident_end":43,"extent_start":0,"extent_end":38359,"fully_qualified_name":"Contribute to the Kata Containers project","ident_utf16":{"start":{"line_number":0,"utf16_col":2},"end":{"line_number":0,"utf16_col":43}},"extent_utf16":{"start":{"line_number":0,"utf16_col":0},"end":{"line_number":974,"utf16_col":0}}},{"name":"Code of 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data-component="text" class="prc-Button-Label-pTQ3x">Blame</span></span></button><button hidden="" data-testid="" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button><button data-component="IconButton" type="button" aria-label="More file actions" title="More file actions" data-testid="more-file-actions-button-nav-menu-wide" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 fGwBZA prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI js-blob-dropdown-click prc-Button-IconButton-szpyj" data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" data-size="medium" data-variant="default" aria-describedby=":R2a6d9lab:-loading-announcement" id=":R2a6d9lab:"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3ZM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z"></path></svg></button> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-view-header-element--narrow"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 faNtbn"><div class="d-flex gap-2"> <button type="button" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dwNhzn prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI" data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" data-size="medium" data-variant="default" aria-describedby=":R5a7d9lab:-loading-announcement"><span data-component="buttonContent" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gUkoLg prc-Button-ButtonContent-HKbr-"><span data-component="text" class="prc-Button-Label-pTQ3x">Blame</span></span></button><button hidden="" data-testid="" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button><button data-component="IconButton" type="button" aria-label="More file actions" title="More file actions" data-testid="more-file-actions-button-nav-menu-narrow" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 fGwBZA prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI js-blob-dropdown-click prc-Button-IconButton-szpyj" data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" data-size="medium" data-variant="default" aria-describedby=":R2a7d9lab:-loading-announcement" id=":R2a7d9lab:"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3ZM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z"></path></svg></button> </div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dJxjrT react-code-view-bottom-padding"> <div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 eFxKDQ"></div> <!-- --> <!-- --> </div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dJxjrT"> <!-- --> <!-- --> <button hidden="" data-testid="" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button><button hidden=""></button><div class="d-flex flex-column border rounded-2 mb-3 pl-1"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dzCJzi"><h2 class="sr-only ScreenReaderHeading-module__userSelectNone--vW4Cq prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO" data-testid="screen-reader-heading">Latest commit</h2><div style="width:120px" class="Skeleton Skeleton--text" data-testid="loading"> </div><div class="d-flex flex-shrink-0 gap-2"><div data-testid="latest-commit-details" class="d-none d-sm-flex flex-items-center"></div><div class="d-flex gap-2"><h2 class="sr-only ScreenReaderHeading-module__userSelectNone--vW4Cq prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO" data-testid="screen-reader-heading">History</h2><a href="/kata-containers/community/commits/main/CONTRIBUTING.md" class="prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI d-none d-lg-flex LinkButton-module__code-view-link-button--xvCGA flex-items-center fgColor-default" data-loading="false" data-size="small" data-variant="invisible" aria-describedby=":R5dlal9lab:-loading-announcement"><span data-component="buttonContent" data-align="center" class="prc-Button-ButtonContent-HKbr-"><span data-component="leadingVisual" class="prc-Button-Visual-2epfX prc-Button-VisualWrap-Db-eB"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-history" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m.427 1.927 1.215 1.215a8.002 8.002 0 1 1-1.6 5.685.75.75 0 1 1 1.493-.154 6.5 6.5 0 1 0 1.18-4.458l1.358 1.358A.25.25 0 0 1 3.896 6H.25A.25.25 0 0 1 0 5.75V2.104a.25.25 0 0 1 .427-.177ZM7.75 4a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 0 1-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.751.751 0 0 1 7 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 0 1 7.75 4Z"></path></svg></span><span data-component="text" class="prc-Button-Label-pTQ3x"><span class="fgColor-default">History</span></span></span></a><div class="d-sm-none"></div><div class="d-flex d-lg-none"><span role="tooltip" aria-label="History" id="history-icon-button-tooltip" class="Tooltip__TooltipBase-sc-17tf59c-0 hWlpPn tooltipped-n"><a href="/kata-containers/community/commits/main/CONTRIBUTING.md" class="prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI LinkButton-module__code-view-link-button--xvCGA flex-items-center fgColor-default" data-loading="false" data-size="small" data-variant="invisible" aria-describedby=":Rpdlal9lab:-loading-announcement history-icon-button-tooltip"><span data-component="buttonContent" data-align="center" class="prc-Button-ButtonContent-HKbr-"><span data-component="leadingVisual" class="prc-Button-Visual-2epfX prc-Button-VisualWrap-Db-eB"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-history" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m.427 1.927 1.215 1.215a8.002 8.002 0 1 1-1.6 5.685.75.75 0 1 1 1.493-.154 6.5 6.5 0 1 0 1.18-4.458l1.358 1.358A.25.25 0 0 1 3.896 6H.25A.25.25 0 0 1 0 5.75V2.104a.25.25 0 0 1 .427-.177ZM7.75 4a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 0 1-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.751.751 0 0 1 7 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 0 1 7.75 4Z"></path></svg></span></span></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 ldRxiI"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 fVkfyA container"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gNAmSV react-code-size-details-banner"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 jNEwzY react-code-size-details-banner"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bsDwxw text-mono"><div title="37.5 KB" data-testid="blob-size" class="Truncate__StyledTruncate-sc-23o1d2-0 eAtkQz"><span>974 lines (700 loc) · 37.5 KB</span></div></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 jdLMhu react-blob-view-header-sticky" id="repos-sticky-header"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 tOISc"><div class="react-blob-sticky-header"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hqwSEx"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bDVoEr"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 kYLlPM"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gYjEmn"><button type="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" aria-label="main branch" data-testid="anchor-button" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dmxRgG prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI 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0-1.5Z"></path></svg></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dbrgmi ref-selector-button-text-container"><span class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmcJak prc-Text-Text-0ima0"> <!-- -->main</span></div></div></span><span data-component="trailingVisual" class="prc-Button-Visual-2epfX prc-Button-VisualWrap-Db-eB"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path></svg></span></span></button><button hidden="" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 kGqOLL"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 fHind"><nav data-testid="breadcrumbs" aria-labelledby="sticky-breadcrumb-heading" id="sticky-breadcrumb" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 fzFXnm"><h2 class="sr-only ScreenReaderHeading-module__userSelectNone--vW4Cq prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO" data-testid="screen-reader-heading" id="sticky-breadcrumb-heading">Breadcrumbs</h2><ol class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 iMnkmv"><li class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 ghzDag"><a class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 kHuKdh prc-Link-Link-85e08" sx="[object Object]" data-testid="breadcrumbs-repo-link" href="/kata-containers/community/tree/main">community</a></li></ol></nav><div data-testid="breadcrumbs-filename" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 ghzDag"><span class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 oDtgN prc-Text-Text-0ima0" aria-hidden="true">/</span><h1 class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dnZoUW prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO" tabindex="-1" id="sticky-file-name-id">CONTRIBUTING.md</h1></div></div></div></div><button style="--button-color:fg.default" type="button" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 jRZWlf prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI" data-loading="false" data-size="small" data-variant="invisible" aria-describedby=":Riptal9lab:-loading-announcement"><span data-component="buttonContent" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gUkoLg prc-Button-ButtonContent-HKbr-"><span data-component="leadingVisual" class="prc-Button-Visual-2epfX prc-Button-VisualWrap-Db-eB"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-arrow-up" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M3.47 7.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l4.25-4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018L9 4.81v7.44a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0V4.81L4.53 7.78a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0Z"></path></svg></span><span data-component="text" class="prc-Button-Label-pTQ3x">Top</span></span></button></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 kTvpNk"><h2 class="sr-only ScreenReaderHeading-module__userSelectNone--vW4Cq prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO" data-testid="screen-reader-heading">File metadata and controls</h2><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 iNMjfP"><ul aria-label="File view" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gtTaSn prc-SegmentedControl-SegmentedControl-e7570" data-size="small"><li class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dXYHoy prc-SegmentedControl-Item-7Aq6h" data-selected="true"><button aria-current="true" class="prc-SegmentedControl-Button-ojWXD" type="button"><span class="prc-SegmentedControl-Content-gnQ4n"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 prc-SegmentedControl-Text-c5gSh" data-text="Preview">Preview</div></span></button></li><li class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 jBWIdY prc-SegmentedControl-Item-7Aq6h"><button aria-current="false" class="prc-SegmentedControl-Button-ojWXD" type="button"><span class="prc-SegmentedControl-Content-gnQ4n"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 prc-SegmentedControl-Text-c5gSh" data-text="Code">Code</div></span></button></li><li class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 jBWIdY prc-SegmentedControl-Item-7Aq6h"><button aria-current="false" class="prc-SegmentedControl-Button-ojWXD" type="button"><span class="prc-SegmentedControl-Content-gnQ4n"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 prc-SegmentedControl-Text-c5gSh" data-text="Blame">Blame</div></span></button></li></ul><button hidden="" data-testid="" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button><button hidden="" data-testid="" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button><button hidden="" data-testid="" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 jNEwzY react-code-size-details-in-header"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bsDwxw text-mono"><div title="37.5 KB" data-testid="blob-size" class="Truncate__StyledTruncate-sc-23o1d2-0 eAtkQz"><span>974 lines (700 loc) · 37.5 KB</span></div></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 kcLCKF"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 kVWtTz react-blob-header-edit-and-raw-actions"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 prc-ButtonGroup-ButtonGroup-vcMeG"><div><a href="https://github.com/kata-containers/community/raw/refs/heads/main/CONTRIBUTING.md" data-testid="raw-button" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gWqxTd prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI" data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" 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style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M2.75 14A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1 12.25v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v2.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h10.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v2.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 13.25 14Z"></path><path d="M7.25 7.689V2a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v5.689l1.97-1.969a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 6.78a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06l1.97 1.969Z"></path></svg></button></span></div></div><button hidden="" data-testid="raw-button-shortcut" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button><button hidden="" data-testid="copy-raw-button-shortcut" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button><button hidden="" data-testid="download-raw-button-shortcut" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button></div><button data-component="IconButton" type="button" aria-label="Outline" aria-pressed="false" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 iNRSob prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI prc-Button-IconButton-szpyj" data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" 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data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" data-size="small" data-variant="invisible" aria-describedby=":Rnsptal9lab:-loading-announcement" id=":Rnsptal9lab:"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3ZM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div><div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hGyMdv"><section aria-labelledby="file-name-id-wide file-name-id-mobile" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 fGqKFv"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 eoaCFS js-snippet-clipboard-copy-unpositioned undefined" data-hpc="true"><article class="markdown-body entry-content container-lg" itemprop="text"><div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Contribute to the Kata Containers project</h1><a id="user-content-contribute-to-the-kata-containers-project" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Contribute to the Kata Containers project" href="#contribute-to-the-kata-containers-project"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#code-of-conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li><a href="#pull-requests">Pull requests</a></li> <li><a href="#github-basic-setup">GitHub basic setup</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li> <li><a href="#contributor-roles">Contributor roles</a></li> <li><a href="#golang-coding-style">Golang coding style</a></li> <li><a href="#rustlang-coding-style">Rustlang coding style</a></li> <li><a href="#certificate-of-origin">Certificate of Origin</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#github-best-practices">GitHub best practices</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#submit-issues-before-prs">Submit issues before PRs</a></li> <li><a href="#issue-tracking">Issue tracking</a></li> <li><a href="#closing-issues">Closing issues</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#github-workflow">GitHub workflow</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#configure-your-environment">Configure your environment</a></li> <li><a href="#github-labels-and-keywords-that-block-prs">GitHub labels and keywords that block PRs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#re-vendor-prs">Re-vendor PRs</a></li> <li><a href="#use-static-checks-for-validation">Use static checks for validation</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#fix-failed-static-checks-after-submitting-prs">Fix failed static checks after submitting PRs</a></li> <li><a href="#kata-runtime-static-checks">Kata runtime static checks</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#porting">Porting</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#porting-labels">Porting labels</a></li> <li><a href="#stable-branch-backports">Stable branch backports</a></li> <li><a href="#porting-issue-numbers">Porting issue numbers</a></li> <li><a href="#porting-comments">Porting comments</a></li> <li><a href="#forward-ports">Forward ports</a></li> <li><a href="#porting-examples">Porting examples</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#patch-format">Patch format</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#general-format">General format</a></li> <li><a href="#subsystem">Subsystem</a></li> <li><a href="#best-practices-for-patches">Best practices for patches</a></li> <li><a href="#verification">Verification</a></li> <li><a href="#examples">Examples</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#reviews">Reviews</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#review-examples">Review Examples</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#continuous-integration">Continuous Integration</a></li> <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="#project-maintainers">Project maintainers</a></li> </ul> <p dir="auto">The Kata Containers project is an open source project licensed under the <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0" rel="nofollow">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">It comprises a number of repositories under the <a href="https://github.com/kata-containers">GitHub Kata Containers organisation</a>. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, all the Kata Containers repositories follow the process documented here.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Code of Conduct</h2><a id="user-content-code-of-conduct" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Code of Conduct" href="#code-of-conduct"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">All contributors must agree to the project <a href="/kata-containers/community/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md">code of conduct</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Pull requests</h2><a id="user-content-pull-requests" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Pull requests" href="#pull-requests"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">All the repositories accept contributions via <a href="https://help.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-issues-and-pull-requests/about-pull-requests">GitHub Pull requests (PR)</a>. Submit PRs by following the <a href="#github-workflow">GitHub workflow</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">GitHub basic setup</h2><a id="user-content-github-basic-setup" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: GitHub basic setup" href="#github-basic-setup"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">To get started, complete the prerequisites below.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Prerequisites</h3><a id="user-content-prerequisites" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Prerequisites" href="#prerequisites"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">Review <a href="#contributor-roles">Contributor roles</a> that require special Git configuration.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://help.github.com/en/github/getting-started-with-github/set-up-git">Set up Git</a>.</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>Note:</strong> The email address you specify must match the email address you use to sign-off commits.</p> </blockquote> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://help.github.com/en/github/getting-started-with-github/fork-a-repo">Fork and Clone</a> the relevant repository at the <a href="https://github.com/kata-containers">Kata Containers Project</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">Example: Your local clone should show <code>your-github-username</code>, as follows. <code>https://github.com/${your-github-username}/community</code>.</p> </li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Contributor roles</h3><a id="user-content-contributor-roles" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Contributor roles" href="#contributor-roles"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Special Git configuration is required for these contributors:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#golang-coding-style">Golang coding style</a></li> <li><a href="#rustlang-coding-style">Rustlang coding style</a></li> <li><a href="#kata-runtime-static-checks">Kata runtime static checks</a></li> </ul> <p dir="auto">For all other contributor roles, follow the standard configuration, shown in Prerequisites.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Golang coding style</h3><a id="user-content-golang-coding-style" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Golang coding style" href="#golang-coding-style"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Review <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/CodeReviewComments">Go Code Review Comments</a> to avoid common <code>Golang</code> errors.</li> <li>Use <code>gofmt</code> to fix any mechanical style issues.</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Rustlang coding style</h3><a id="user-content-rustlang-coding-style" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Rustlang coding style" href="#rustlang-coding-style"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Use <code>rustfmt</code> to fix any mechanical style issues. <code>Rustfmt</code> uses a style which conforms to the <a href="https://github.com/rust-dev-tools/fmt-rfcs/blob/master/guide/guide.md">Rust Style Guide</a>.</li> <li>Use <code>clippy</code> to catch common mistakes and improve your Rust code.</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">You can install the above tools as follows.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ rustup component add rustfmt clippy"><pre>$ rustup component add rustfmt clippy</pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Certificate of Origin</h3><a id="user-content-certificate-of-origin" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Certificate of Origin" href="#certificate-of-origin"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">In order to get a clear contribution chain of trust we use the <a href="https://ltsi.linuxfoundation.org/software/signed-off-process/" rel="nofollow">signed-off-by language</a> used by the Linux kernel project.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">GitHub best practices</h2><a id="user-content-github-best-practices" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: GitHub best practices" href="#github-best-practices"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Submit issues before PRs</h3><a id="user-content-submit-issues-before-prs" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Submit issues before PRs" href="#submit-issues-before-prs"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Raise a GitHub issue <strong>before</strong> starting work on a PR.</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">Our process requires an issue to be associated with every PR (see <a href="#patch-format">patch format</a>)</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">If you are a new contributor, create an issue and add a comment stating that you intend to work on the issue. This notifies our team of the work you plan to do.</p> </li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Issue tracking</h3><a id="user-content-issue-tracking" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Issue tracking" href="#issue-tracking"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">To report a bug that is not already documented, please open a GitHub issue for the repository in question.</p> <p dir="auto">If it is unclear which repository to raise your query against, first try to get in <a href="#contact">contact</a> with us. If in doubt, raise the issue <a href="https://github.com/kata-containers/community/issues/new">here</a> and we will help you to handle the query by routing it to the correct area for resolution.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Closing issues</h3><a id="user-content-closing-issues" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Closing issues" href="#closing-issues"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Our tooling requires adding a <code>Fixes</code> comment to at least one commit in the PR, which triggers GitHub to automatically close the issue once the PR is merged:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="pod: Remove token from Cmd structure The token and pid data will be hold by the new Process structure and they are related to a container. Fixes #123 Signed-off-by: Sebastien Boeuf <sebastien.boeuf@intel.com>"><pre class="notranslate"><code>pod: Remove token from Cmd structure The token and pid data will be hold by the new Process structure and they are related to a container. Fixes #123 Signed-off-by: Sebastien Boeuf <sebastien.boeuf@intel.com> </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">The issue is automatically closed by GitHub when the <a href="https://help.github.com/articles/closing-issues-via-commit-messages/">commit message</a> is parsed.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">GitHub workflow</h2><a id="user-content-github-workflow" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: GitHub workflow" href="#github-workflow"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Kata Containers employs certain augmentations to a <a href="https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/">standard GitHub workflow</a>. In this section, we explain these augmentations in more detail. Follow these guidelines when contributing to Kata Containers repositories, except where noted below.</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">Complete the <a href="#github-basic-setup">GitHub basic setup</a> above before continuing.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Ensure each PR only covers one topic. If you mix up different items in your patches or PR, they will likely need to be reworked.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Follow a <a href="https://help.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-issues-and-pull-requests/about-branches">topic branch method</a> for development.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Follow carefully the <a href="#patch-format">patch format</a> for PRs.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Apply the appropriate GitHub labels to your PR. This is particularly relevant to maintain <a href="#stable-branch-backports">Stable branch backports</a>. See also <a href="#github-labels-and-keywords-that-block-prs">GitHub labels and keywords that block PRs</a></p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>Note:</strong> External contributors should use keywords, explained in the link above. Labels may not be visible to external contributors.</p> </blockquote> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://help.github.com/en/github/using-git/about-git-rebase">Rebase</a> commits on your branch and <code>force push</code> after each cycle of feedback.</p> </li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Configure your environment</h3><a id="user-content-configure-your-environment" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Configure your environment" href="#configure-your-environment"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Most <a href="https://github.com/kata-containers">Kata Containers repositories</a> contain code written in the <a href="https://golang.org/" rel="nofollow">Go language (golang)</a>. Go requires all code to be put inside the directory specified by the <code>$GOPATH</code> variable. Follow this example to put the code in the standard location.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ export GOPATH=${GOPATH:-$HOME/go} $ mkdir -p "$GOPATH""><pre>$ <span class="pl-k">export</span> GOPATH=<span class="pl-smi">${GOPATH<span class="pl-k">:-</span><span class="pl-smi">$HOME</span><span class="pl-k">/</span>go}</span> $ mkdir -p <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span><span class="pl-smi">$GOPATH</span><span class="pl-pds">"</span></span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">For further details on <code>golang</code>, refer to the <a href="https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers/blob/main/docs/Developer-Guide.md#requirements-to-build-individual-components">requirements section of the Kata Developer Guide</a>.</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><em>Note</em>: If you intend to make minor edits, it's acceptable to simply fork and clone without adding the GOPATH variable.</p> </blockquote> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Fork and clone</h4><a id="user-content-fork-and-clone" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Fork and clone" href="#fork-and-clone"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">In this example, we configure a Git environment to contribute to this very <code>Community</code> repo. We create a sample branch, incorporate reviewer feedback, and rebase our commits.</p> <ol dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">Fork the <a href="https://help.github.com/articles/cloning-a-repository">upstream repository</a>:</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://help.github.com/articles/cloning-a-repository">Clone your forked copy of the upstream repository</a>:</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">While on your <em>forked copy</em>, select the green button <code>Clone or download</code> and copy the URL.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Run the commands below and <strong>paste the copied URL</strong> (previous step), so your real GitHub user name replaces <code>your-github-username</code> below.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ dir="$GOPATH/src/github.com/kata-containers" $ mkdir -p "$dir" $ cd "$dir" $ git clone https://github.com/{your-github-username}/community $ cd community"><pre>$ dir=<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span><span class="pl-smi">$GOPATH</span>/src/github.com/kata-containers<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> $ mkdir -p <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span><span class="pl-smi">$dir</span><span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> $ <span class="pl-c1">cd</span> <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span><span class="pl-smi">$dir</span><span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> $ git clone https://github.com/{your-github-username}/community $ <span class="pl-c1">cd</span> community</pre></div> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>Note:</strong> Cloning a forked repository automatically gives a remote <code>origin</code>.</p> </blockquote> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Configure the upstream remote</h4><a id="user-content-configure-the-upstream-remote" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Configure the upstream remote" href="#configure-the-upstream-remote"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Next, add the remote <code>upstream</code>. Configuring this remote allows you to synchronize your forked copy, <code>origin</code>, with the <code>upstream</code>. The <code>upstream</code> URL varies by repository. We use the <code>upstream</code> from the Community for this example.</p> <ol dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">Change directory into <code>community</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Set the remote <code>upstream</code> as follows.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ git remote add upstream https://github.com/kata-containers/community"><pre>$ git remote add upstream https://github.com/kata-containers/community</pre></div> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Run <code>git remote -v</code>. Your remotes should appear similar to these:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="origin https://github.com/your-github-username/community.git (fetch) origin https://github.com/your-github-username/community.git (push) upstream https://github.com/kata-containers/community (fetch) upstream https://github.com/kata-containers/community (push) "><pre class="notranslate"><code>origin https://github.com/your-github-username/community.git (fetch) origin https://github.com/your-github-username/community.git (push) upstream https://github.com/kata-containers/community (fetch) upstream https://github.com/kata-containers/community (push) </code></pre></div> </li> </ol> <p dir="auto">For more details, see how to <a href="https://help.github.com/articles/configuring-a-remote-for-a-fork">set up a git remote</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Create a topic branch</h4><a id="user-content-create-a-topic-branch" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Create a topic branch" href="#create-a-topic-branch"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ol dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">Create a new "topic branch" to do your work on:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ git checkout -b fix-contrib-bugs"><pre class="notranslate"><code>$ git checkout -b fix-contrib-bugs </code></pre></div> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>Warning:</strong> <em>Never</em> make changes directly to the <code>main</code> branch --<em>always</em> create a new "topic branch" for PR work.</p> </blockquote> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Make some editorial changes. In this example, we modify the file that you are reading.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ $EDITOR CONTRIBUTING.md"><pre class="notranslate"><code>$ $EDITOR CONTRIBUTING.md </code></pre></div> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>Note:</strong> If editing in Windows make sure that all documents end with LF and not CRLF. The CI system will fail if carriage returns are in the document. Many editors support the ability to change this. There is a tool called dos2unix available on Git Bash for Windows and also available on Linux systems that can convert files to LF endings. See the <a href="https://docs.github.com/en/github/getting-started-with-github/getting-started-with-git/configuring-git-to-handle-line-endings">Configuring Git to handle line endings</a> guide for more details on how to configure <code>git</code> to automatically insert the correct line endings.</p> </blockquote> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Commit your changes to the current (<code>fix-contrib-bugs</code>) branch. Assure you use the correct <a href="#patch-format">patch format</a>:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ git commit -as"><pre class="notranslate"><code>$ git commit -as </code></pre></div> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Push your local <code>fix-contrib-bugs</code> branch to your remote fork:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ git push -u origin fix-contrib-bugs"><pre class="notranslate"><code>$ git push -u origin fix-contrib-bugs </code></pre></div> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>Note:</strong> The <code>-u</code> option tells <code>git</code> to "link" your local clone with your remote fork so that it knows from now on that the local repository and the remote fork refer to "the same" upstream repository. Strictly speaking, this option is only required the first time you call <code>git push</code> for a new clone.</p> </blockquote> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Create the PR:</p> </li> </ol> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Browse to <a href="https://github.com/kata-containers/community">https://github.com/kata-containers/community</a>.</li> <li>Click the "Compare & pull request" button that appears.</li> <li>Click the "Create pull request" button.</li> </ul> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>Note:</strong> You do not need to change any of the defaults on this page.</p> </blockquote> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Update your PR based on review comments</h4><a id="user-content-update-your-pr-based-on-review-comments" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Update your PR based on review comments" href="#update-your-pr-based-on-review-comments"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Suppose you received some reviewer feedback that asked you to make some changes to your PR. You updated your local branch and committed those review changes by creating three commits. There are now four commits in your local branch: the original commit you created for the PR and three other commits you created to apply the review changes to your branch. Your branch now looks something like this:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ git log main.. --oneline --decorate=no 4928d57 docs: Fix typos and fold long lines 829c6c8 apply review feedback changes 7c9b1b2 remove blank lines 60e2b2b doh - missed one"><pre>$ git log main.. --oneline --decorate=no 4928d57 docs: Fix typos and fold long lines 829c6c8 apply review feedback changes 7c9b1b2 remove blank lines 60e2b2b doh - missed one</pre></div> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>Note:</strong> The <code>git log</code> command compares your current branch (<code>fix-contrib-bugs</code>) with the <code>main</code> branch and lists all the commits, one per line.</p> </blockquote> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Git rebase if multiple commits</h4><a id="user-content-git-rebase-if-multiple-commits" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Git rebase if multiple commits" href="#git-rebase-if-multiple-commits"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Since all four commits are related to <em>the same change</em>, it makes sense to combine all four commits into a <em>single commit</em> on your PR. You need to <a href="https://help.github.com/github/using-git/about-git-rebase">git rebase</a> multiple commits on your branch. Follow these steps.</p> <ol dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">Update the <code>main</code> branch in your local copy of the upstream repository:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/kata-containers/community $ git checkout main $ git pull --rebase upstream main"><pre class="notranslate"><code>$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/kata-containers/community $ git checkout main $ git pull --rebase upstream main </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">The previous command downloads all the latest changes from the upstream repository and adds them to your <em>local copy</em>.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Now, switch back to your PR branch:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ git checkout fix-contrib-bugs"><pre class="notranslate"><code>$ git checkout fix-contrib-bugs </code></pre></div> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Rebase your changes against the <code>main</code> branch.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ git rebase -i main"><pre>$ git rebase -i main</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Example output:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="pick 2e335ac docs: Fix typos and fold long lines pick 6d6deb0 apply review feedback changes pick 23bc01d remove blank lines pick 3a4ba3f doh - missed one"><pre>pick 2e335ac docs: Fix typos and fold long lines pick 6d6deb0 apply review feedback changes pick 23bc01d remove blank lines pick 3a4ba3f doh - missed one</pre></div> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">In your editor, read the comments at the bottom of the screen. Do not modify the first line, <code>pick 2e335ac docs: Fix typos ...</code>. Instead, revise <code>pick</code> to <code>squash</code> at the start of all following lines.</p> <p dir="auto">Example output:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="pick 2e335ac docs: Fix typos and fold long lines squash 6d6deb0 apply review feedback changes squash 23bc01d remove blank lines squash 3a4ba3f doh - missed one"><pre>pick 2e335ac docs: Fix typos and fold long lines squash 6d6deb0 apply review feedback changes squash 23bc01d remove blank lines squash 3a4ba3f doh - missed one</pre></div> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Save your changes and quit the editor. Git puts you <em>back</em> into your editor. You will see all the commit <em>messages</em>.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">At top is your first commit, which should be in the <a href="#patch-format">correct format</a>. Keep your first commit and delete all the following commits, as appropriate, based on the review feedback.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Save the file and quit the editor. Once this operation completes, the four commits will have been converted into a single new commit. Check this by running the <code>git log</code> command again:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ git log main.. --oneline --decorate=no 3ea3aef docs: Fix typo"><pre>$ git log main.. --oneline --decorate=no 3ea3aef docs: Fix typo</pre></div> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Force push your updated local <code>fix-contrib-bugs</code> branch to <code>origin</code> remote:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ git push -f origin fix-contrib-bugs"><pre>$ git push -f origin fix-contrib-bugs</pre></div> </li> </ol> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>Note:</strong> Not only does this command upload your changes to your fork, it also includes the <em>latest upstream changes</em> to your fork since you ran <code>git pull --rebase upstream main</code> on the main branch and then merged those changes into your PR branch. This ensures your fork is now "up to date" with the upstream repository. The <code>-f</code> option is a "force push". Since you created a new commit using <code>git rebase</code>, you must "overwrite" the old copy of your branch in your fork on GitHub.</p> </blockquote> <p dir="auto">Your PR is now updated on GitHub. To ensure team members are aware of this, leave a message on the PR stating something like, "Review feedback applied". This notification allows the team to once again review your PR more quickly.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">GitHub labels and keywords that block PRs</h3><a id="user-content-github-labels-and-keywords-that-block-prs" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: GitHub labels and keywords that block PRs" href="#github-labels-and-keywords-that-block-prs"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Kata Containers CI systems have two methods that allow marking PRs to prevent them being merged. This practice is often used during development. The two methods are: 1) Use <a href="https://help.github.com/articles/about-labels/">GitHub labels</a> or; 2) Use keywords in the PR subject line. The keywords can appear anywhere in the subject line.</p> <p dir="auto">The following table summarises some common scenarios and appropriate use of labels or keywords:</p> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Scenario</th> <th>GitHub label</th> <th>PR description contains</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>PR created "as an idea" and feedback sought</td> <td><code>rfc</code></td> <td>RFC</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PR incomplete - needs more work or rework</td> <td><code>do-not-merge</code> <code>wip</code></td> <td>WIP</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PR should not be merged (has all required "acks", but needs more reviewer input)</td> <td><code>do-not-merge</code></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>PR is a "work In progress", raised to get early feedback</td> <td><code>wip</code></td> <td>WIP</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PR is complete but depends on another so should not be merged (yet)</td> <td><code>do-not-merge</code></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <p dir="auto">If any of the values in the table above are set on a PR, it will be automatically blocked from merging.</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>Note:</strong> Often during discussions, the abbreviated and full terms are used interchangeably. For instance, often <code>DNM</code> is used in discussions as shorthand for <code>do-not-merge</code>. The CI systems only recognise the above phrases as shown.</p> </blockquote> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Re-vendor PRs</h2><a id="user-content-re-vendor-prs" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Re-vendor PRs" href="#re-vendor-prs"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">If you raise a PR to update the vendored copy of one or more golang packages, after running the <a href="https://github.com/kata-containers/community/blob/main/VENDORING.md"><code>dep</code></a> command, ensure you add any modified files under the <code>vendor/</code> directory to Git before committing the changes:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ git add vendor/"><pre>$ git add vendor/</pre></div> <p dir="auto">There are two critical pieces of information you need to add to the commit body:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">A brief explanation why the re-vendor is required.</p> <p dir="auto">For example, you should state if an important bug fix or new feature is required, or if a particular commit is needed.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">The range of commits being added for these third-party packages.</p> <p dir="auto">It is possible that re-vendoring a particular package will also result in updates to other dependent packages. However, it is important to include the commit range (even if it is big) for the primary package(s) the re-vendor PR is raised for.</p> <p dir="auto">These details allow for easier troubleshooting if the re-vendor PR introduces bug or behavioral changes.</p> <p dir="auto">Generate the list of new commits added to the primary re-vendored package by comparing the previous and latest commits for the package being re-vendored.</p> <p dir="auto">The following example lists the steps you should take if a new version of <code>libcontainer</code> (part of the <code>runc</code> repository) is required:</p> <ol dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">Determine the previous and latest commits for the package by looking at the <code>diff</code> of the <code>Gopkg.toml</code> file in your branch.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Run the commands below:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ go get -d -u github.com/opencontainers/runc $ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/opencontainers/runc $ old_commit="..." $ new_commit="..." $ git log --no-merges --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline "${old_commit}..${new_commit}" | sed 's/^/ /g'"><pre>$ go get -d -u github.com/opencontainers/runc $ <span class="pl-c1">cd</span> <span class="pl-smi">$GOPATH</span>/src/github.com/opencontainers/runc $ old_commit=<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>...<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> $ new_commit=<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>...<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> $ git log --no-merges --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span><span class="pl-smi">${old_commit}</span>..<span class="pl-smi">${new_commit}</span><span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> <span class="pl-k">|</span> sed <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>s/^/ /g<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span></pre></div> </li> </ol> <p dir="auto">Paste the output of the previous command directly into the commit "as-is". Note that the four space indent added by the <code>sed</code> command is used to force GitHub to render the list in a fixed-width font, which makes it easier to read.</p> </li> </ul> <p dir="auto">For additional information on using the <code>dep</code> tool, see "<a href="https://github.com/kata-containers/community/blob/main/VENDORING.md">Performing vendoring for the Kata Containers project</a>".</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Use static checks for validation</h2><a id="user-content-use-static-checks-for-validation" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Use static checks for validation" href="#use-static-checks-for-validation"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">Kata Containers utilizes <a href="#continuous-integration">Continuous Integration (CI)</a> to automatically check every PR.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">We strongly encourage you to run the same CI tests on individual PRs, using <a href="https://github.com/kata-containers/tests/blob/main/.ci/static-checks.sh">static checks</a></p> </li> </ul> <p dir="auto">In repositories where a <code>Makefile</code> is present, you can execute static checks for testing and development. To do so, invoke the <code>make check</code> and <code>make test</code> rules, after developer mode is enabled.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ export KATA_DEV_MODE=true $ make check $ make test"><pre>$ <span class="pl-k">export</span> KATA_DEV_MODE=true $ make check $ make <span class="pl-c1">test</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Running these checks should result in <strong>no errors</strong>. If errors are reported, fix them before submitting your PR.</p> <p dir="auto">To replicate the static checks performed by the CI system:</p> <ul class="contains-task-list"> <li class="task-list-item"> <p dir="auto"><input type="checkbox" id="" disabled="" class="task-list-item-checkbox" checked=""> Ensure you have a "clean" source tree, as the checks cover all files present. Checks might fail if you have extra files or your files are out of date in your tree.</p> </li> <li class="task-list-item"> <p dir="auto"><input type="checkbox" id="" disabled="" class="task-list-item-checkbox" checked=""> Ensure <a href="https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint"><code>golangci-lint</code></a> is current or has not been previously installed (the static check scripts will install it if necessary). Changing the linters used or the Kata Containers code base can produce spurious errors that do not fail inside the CI systems.</p> </li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Fix failed static checks after submitting PRs</h3><a id="user-content-fix-failed-static-checks-after-submitting-prs" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Fix failed static checks after submitting PRs" href="#fix-failed-static-checks-after-submitting-prs"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Some submitted PRs fail to pass static checks. After such a PR fails, view its build logs to determine the cause of failure.</p> <ol dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">At the bottom of the PR, if a message appears, "Some checks were not successful," select "Details", as shown below.</p> <p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/kata-containers/community/blob/main/fig1-ci-cd-failure.png"><img src="/kata-containers/community/raw/main/fig1-ci-cd-failure.png" alt="Failed CI-CD" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Upon entering the Travis CI* web page, select the first number that appears below "Build jobs."</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Scroll to the bottom of the build log and view the <code>ERROR</code> message(s). In the example below, the <code>ERROR</code> reads: <code>... no signed-off-by specified</code>. This is a requirement. To fix, use the signed-off-by method while pushing a commit. See <a href="#patch-format">Patch format</a> for more details.</p> <p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/kata-containers/community/blob/main/fig2-ci-cd-log.png"><img src="/kata-containers/community/raw/main/fig2-ci-cd-log.png" alt="Build log error messages" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> </li> </ol> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Kata runtime static checks</h3><a id="user-content-kata-runtime-static-checks" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Kata runtime static checks" href="#kata-runtime-static-checks"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">If working on <code>kata-runtime</code>, first ensure you run <code>make</code> and <code>make install</code> in the <code>virtcontainers</code> subdirectory, as shown below. For more information, see <a href="https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers/blob/main/src/runtime/virtcontainers/documentation/Developers.md#testing">virtcontainers</a>.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ pushd runtime/virtcontainers $ make $ sudo -E PATH=$PATH make install $ popd"><pre>$ <span class="pl-c1">pushd</span> runtime/virtcontainers $ make $ sudo -E PATH=<span class="pl-smi">$PATH</span> make install $ <span class="pl-c1">popd</span></pre></div> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>Note:</strong> The final <code>popd</code> is required to return to the top-level directory from where other build rules can be executed.</p> </blockquote> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Porting</h2><a id="user-content-porting" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Porting" href="#porting"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Porting applies a patch set to an older ("backport") or a newer ("forward-port") branch or repository.</p> <p dir="auto">Backporting is necessary to ensure that older -- but still maintained -- releases benefit from bug fixes already applied to newer releases.</p> <p dir="auto">Forward porting is necessary where there are multiple development streams and bug fixes or new features have been applied to the older stream, but not the newer one.</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>Note:</strong></p> <p dir="auto">Stable branches are considered maintenance branches, not development branches. Bug fixes must land in a newer development branch before landing in a stable branch to ensure the changes have been tested thoroughly before being applied to a stable release (maintenance) branch.</p> </blockquote> <p dir="auto">Porting is performed with a new PR meaning porting PRs <em>must</em> have an associated "parent" PR (the original bug fix or feature PR).</p> <p dir="auto">Every PR must indicate whether it should be ported in either direction; <em>backwards</em> (backport) or <em>forwards</em> (forward port). This is achieved by adding up to two labels per PR which signal the porting requirements for the PR.</p> <p dir="auto">The <a href="#stable-branch-backports">stable branch backports</a> section provides information on the sorts of changes which should be backported.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Porting labels</h3><a id="user-content-porting-labels" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Porting labels" href="#porting-labels"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The table below lists all valid combinations of GitHub labels. Every PR must be labelled as shown in the table row that most closely corresponds to the type of PR the user is raising.</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>Notes:</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>The porting labels are enforced by a <a href="https://github.com/kata-containers/.github/blob/main/scripts/pr-porting-checks.sh">GitHub action</a>. This means that <em>PRs that do not have a valid set of porting labels cannot be merged</em>.</li> <li>The "Common PR type" column in the table shows the most likely type of PR, but this is just a guide.</li> <li>A <code>backport</code> or <code>forward-port</code> labelled PR <strong>must</strong> have an associated parent PR which caused the backport or forward port PR to be raised.</li> </ul> </blockquote> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th>PR summary</th> <th>Common PR type</th> <th>Backport label</th> <th>Forward port label</th> <th>Notes</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>A "standalone" PR</td> <td>Feature</td> <td><code>no-backport-needed</code></td> <td><code>no-forward-port-needed</code></td> <td>PR does not need to be ported. For example, a PR used to add a new feature to the latest release.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PR that needs to be backported only</td> <td>Bug fix</td> <td><code>needs-backport</code></td> <td><code>no-forward-port-needed</code></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>PR that needs to be forward ported only</td> <td>Bug fix or feature</td> <td><code>no-backport-needed</code></td> <td><code>needs-forward-port</code></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>PR that needs to be ported backwards <em>and</em> forwards</td> <td>Bug fix</td> <td><code>needs-backport</code></td> <td><code>needs-forward-port</code></td> <td>For example a Kata 1.x PR that needs to be ported to Kata 2.0 <em>and</em> to one or more Kata 1.x stable branches.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>A backport PR</td> <td>Bug fix</td> <td><code>backport</code></td> <td></td> <td>PR to actually make the backport changes.<br><br>Must have an associated "parent" PR.<br><br>Title <strong>must</strong> contain original PRs title.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>A forward port PR</td> <td>Bug fix or feature</td> <td></td> <td><code>forward-port</code></td> <td>PR to actually make the forward port changes.<br><br>Must have an associated "parent" PR.<br><br>Title <strong>must</strong> contain original PRs title.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <p dir="auto">If you are not a member of the GitHub repository the PR is raised in, you may not be able to see the GitHub labels. In this scenario, please add a comment asking for the porting labels to be applied.</p> <p dir="auto">Forward port and backport PRs by definition should not be raised in isolation: there must be an existing PR that caused the porting PR to be raised.</p> <p dir="auto">If you know whether a PR should be backported or forward ported, please add a comment on the PR if you are unable to add the appropriate labels. If you do not know whether a PR should be backported or forward ported, the community will work with you to identify any porting requirements and to help with porting activities.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Stable branch backports</h3><a id="user-content-stable-branch-backports" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Stable branch backports" href="#stable-branch-backports"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Kata Containers maintains a number of stable branch releases. Bug fixes to the main branch are selectively applied to (or "backported") these stable branches.</p> <p dir="auto">In order to aid identification of commits that potentially should be backported to the stable branches, all PRs submitted must be labeled with one or more of the following labels. At least one label that is <em>not</em> <code>stable-candidate</code> must be included.</p> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Label</th> <th>Meaning</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>bug</code></td> <td>A bug fix, which will potentially be a backport candidate</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>cleanup</code></td> <td>A cleanup, which will likely not be backported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>feature</code></td> <td>A new feature/enhancement, that will likely not be backported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>stable-candidate</code></td> <td>A PR selected for backporting - very likely a bug fix</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>vendor</code></td> <td>A golang vendor update. Might be considered for backport if the vendor update includes critical bug fixes</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <p dir="auto">In the event that a bug fix PR is selected for backporting to the stable branches, the <code>stable-candidate</code> label is added if not already present, and the original author of the PR is asked if they will submit the relevant backport PRs. For a quick guide on how to perform and submit a backport, see the <a href="/kata-containers/community/blob/main/Backport-Guide.md">Backport Guide</a> in this repository.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Porting issue numbers</h3><a id="user-content-porting-issue-numbers" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Porting issue numbers" href="#porting-issue-numbers"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">For ports that are within the same repository (for example a stable backport to a 1.x PR), specify the same issue number as the original PR in the "fixes comment". See the <a href="#patch-format">patch format</a> section for further details.</p> <p dir="auto">For ports in different repositories, create a new issue, referencing the original issue URL in the issue text.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Porting comments</h3><a id="user-content-porting-comments" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Porting comments" href="#porting-comments"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Issues and PRs can only be linked if they are within the same repository. Since Kata 2.x uses a new central repository, it is essential to add a special comment to the <strong>original PR</strong> when new port PRs are created.</p> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Port type</th> <th>Port comment format</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>backport</td> <td><code>backport PR: <backport-pr-url></code></td> </tr> <tr> <td>forward port</td> <td><code>forward port PR: <forward-port-pr-url></code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>Notes:</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">The special comments <strong>must</strong> appear at the start of a line.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">The special comments are used by tooling to check that porting has been completed correctly.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Although these comments strictly make the <code>backport</code> and <code>forward-port</code> labels redundant, these labels are useful for general reporting since users can search for "all port PRs in a particular repository" for example.</p> </li> </ul> </blockquote> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Forward ports</h3><a id="user-content-forward-ports" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Forward ports" href="#forward-ports"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Forward ports tend to be much less common than backports. However, consolidating a number of standalone repositories into a single repository for the Kata 2.0 development effort introduced a potential forward port requirement. At the time, both Kata 1.x and 2.0 versions were being developed in parallel. This meant that lots of PRs raised in the Kata 1.x repositories needed to be forward ported to the Kata 2.0 repository (since this was to be the next major release and needed to contain all bug fixes and features where possible).</p> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Initial PR raised</th> <th>PR type</th> <th>Backport?</th> <th>Forward port?</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Particular 1.x repository</td> <td>bug fix</td> <td>stable branches</td> <td>2.0 repository</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Particular 1.x repository</td> <td>feature</td> <td></td> <td>2.0 repository</td> </tr> <tr> <td>The 2.0 repository</td> <td>bug fix</td> <td>1.x (and maybe stable branches)</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <td>The 2.0 repository</td> <td>feature</td> <td></td> <td>-</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Porting examples</h3><a id="user-content-porting-examples" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Porting examples" href="#porting-examples"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Backport and forward port example</h4><a id="user-content-backport-and-forward-port-example" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Backport and forward port example" href="#backport-and-forward-port-example"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Imagine that you have just raised a new PR on a Kata 1.x repository. The PR contains three commits:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>A commit to fix a "typo" in a comment.</li> <li>A commit that changes the way a container is destroyed (and updates the tests).</li> <li>A commit that updates the documentation explaining the new contain destruction behaviour.</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">Since the PR is not adding any new functionality and since it is correcting problems with existing code, it can be considered a bug fix PR. Bug fixes should generally be backported. However, this PR was raised in a Kata 1.x repository meaning it should also potentially be forward-ported to the Kata 2.0 repository.</p> <p dir="auto">Looking at the tables in the <a href="#porting-labels">porting labels</a> and the <a href="#stable-branch-backports">stable branch backports</a> sections shows that this PR needs to be labelled with the following labels:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>needs-backport</code></li> <li><code>needs-forward-port</code></li> <li><code>stable-candidate</code></li> </ul> <p dir="auto">Once this PR is approved and is merged in the Kata 1.x repository, it should now be backported and forward ported:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">Backport: Raise new PRs on the currently maintained stable releases</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>These PRs should be labelled with the <code>backport</code> label.</li> <li>The commit message should mention the original PR.</li> <li>The commit message should reference the <em>original</em> issue number in the <a href="#patch-format">"fixes" comment</a>.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Forward port: Raise a new PR on the Kata 2.0 repository</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>This PR should be labelled with the <code>forward-port</code> label.</li> <li>The commit message should mention the original PR.</li> <li>A new issue should be used for the PR and the original issue URL referenced in the issue text.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Add <a href="#porting-comments">porting comments</a> to the <em>original PR</em> with two comments, one for each port:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="backport PR: https://github.com/kata-containers/runtime/pull/XXX forward port PR: https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers/pull/YYY"><pre class="notranslate"><code>backport PR: https://github.com/kata-containers/runtime/pull/XXX forward port PR: https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers/pull/YYY </code></pre></div> </li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Double backport example</h4><a id="user-content-double-backport-example" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Double backport example" href="#double-backport-example"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Imagine that you have just raised a new PR on the Kata 2.x repository. The PR fixes a nasty runtime bug, and adds some new unit tests to guarantee no future regression.</p> <p dir="auto">This is a pure bug fix PR. There is no "newer" branch or version, so it is not possible to forward port. However, since the PR is an important bug fix, it should be backported, both to Kata 1.x <em>and</em> the Kata 1.x stable branches.</p> <p dir="auto">Looking at the tables in the <a href="#porting-labels">porting labels</a> and the <a href="#stable-branch-backports">stable branch backports</a> sections shows that this PR needs to be labelled with the following labels:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>needs-backport</code></li> <li><code>no-forward-port-needed</code></li> <li><code>stable-candidate</code></li> </ul> <p dir="auto">Once this PR is approved and is merged in the Kata 2.0 repository, it should now be backported <em>twice</em>:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">Kata 1.x: Raise a new PR on the Kata 1.x runtime repository</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>This PR should be labelled with the <code>backport</code> label.</li> <li>The commit message should mention the original PR.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Stable backports: Raise new PRs on each of the currently maintained stable branches in the Kata 1.x runtime repository</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>These PRs should be labelled with the <code>backport</code> label.</li> <li>The commit message should mention the original PR.</li> <li>The commit message should reference the issue number used in the <a href="#patch-format">"fixes" comment</a> for the 1.x PR (since that is in the same repository).</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Add <a href="#porting-comments">porting comments</a> to the <em>original PR</em> with two comments, one for each port:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="backport PR: https://github.com/kata-containers/runtime/pull/XXX backport PR: https://github.com/kata-containers/runtime/pull/YYY"><pre class="notranslate"><code>backport PR: https://github.com/kata-containers/runtime/pull/XXX backport PR: https://github.com/kata-containers/runtime/pull/YYY </code></pre></div> </li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Patch format</h2><a id="user-content-patch-format" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Patch format" href="#patch-format"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">General format</h3><a id="user-content-general-format" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: General format" href="#general-format"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Beside the <code>Signed-off-by</code> footer, we expect each patch to comply with the following format:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="subsystem: One line change summary More detailed explanation of your changes (why and how) that spans as many lines as required. A "Fixes #XXX" comment listing the GitHub issue this change resolves. This comment is required for the main patch in a sequence. See the following examples. Signed-off-by: Contributors Name <contributor@foo.com>"><pre class="notranslate"><code>subsystem: One line change summary More detailed explanation of your changes (why and how) that spans as many lines as required. A "Fixes #XXX" comment listing the GitHub issue this change resolves. This comment is required for the main patch in a sequence. See the following examples. Signed-off-by: Contributors Name <contributor@foo.com> </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Pull request format</h4><a id="user-content-pull-request-format" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Pull request format" href="#pull-request-format"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">As shown above, pull requests must adhere to these guidelines:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">Preface the PR title with the appropriate keyword found in <a href="#subsystem">Subsystem</a></p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Ensure PR title length is 75 characters or fewer, including whichever <code>subsystem</code> term is used.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Ensure the PR body line length is 150 characters or fewer.</p> </li> </ul> <p dir="auto">The body of the message is <strong>not</strong> a continuation of the subject line and is not used to extend the subject line beyond its character limit. The subject line is a complete sentence and the body is a complete, standalone paragraph.</p> <p dir="auto">Additionally, PR body line length is not checked for special lines:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">Lines that do not start with an alphabetic character</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Sign-off lines (as to not penalize long names)</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Lines without spaces</p> </li> </ul> <p dir="auto">These should allow contributors to pass checks while including relevant information <strong>if needed</strong>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Subsystem</h3><a id="user-content-subsystem" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Subsystem" href="#subsystem"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The "subsystem" describes the area of the code that the change applies to. It does not have to match a particular directory name in the source tree because it is a "hint" to the reader. The subsystem is generally a single word. Although the subsystem must be specified, it is not validated. The author decides what is a relevant subsystem for each patch.</p> <p dir="auto">Examples:</p> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Subsystem</th> <th>Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>build</code></td> <td><code>Makefile</code> or configuration script change</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>cli</code></td> <td>Change affecting command line options or commands</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>docs</code></td> <td>Documentation change</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>logging</code></td> <td>Logging change</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>vendor</code></td> <td><a href="#re-vendor-prs">Re-vendoring</a> change</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <p dir="auto">To see the subsystem values chosen for existing commits:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ git log --no-merges --pretty="%s" | cut -d: -f1 | sort -u"><pre class="notranslate"><code>$ git log --no-merges --pretty="%s" | cut -d: -f1 | sort -u </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Best practices for patches</h3><a id="user-content-best-practices-for-patches" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Best practices for patches" href="#best-practices-for-patches"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">We recommend that each patch fixes one thing. Smaller patches are easier to review, more likely to be accepted and merged, and more conducive for identifying problems during review.</p> <p dir="auto">A PR can contain multiple patches. These patches should generally be related to the <a href="#main-patch">main patch</a> and the overall goal of the PR. However, it is also acceptable to include additional or <a href="#supplementary-patch">supplementary patches</a> for things such as:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Formatting (or whitespace) fixes</li> <li>Comment improvements</li> <li>Tidy up work</li> <li>Refactoring to simplify the codebase</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Verification</h3><a id="user-content-verification" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Verification" href="#verification"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Correct formatting of the PR patches is verified using the commit-message-check GitHub Action.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Examples</h3><a id="user-content-examples" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Examples" href="#examples"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Main patch</h4><a id="user-content-main-patch" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Main patch" href="#main-patch"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The following is an example of a full patch description for the main change that shows the required "<code>Fixes #XXX</code>" comment, which references the GitHub issue this patch resolves:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="pod: Remove token from Cmd structure The token and pid data will be hold by the new Process structure and they are related to a container. Fixes: #123 Signed-off-by: Sebastien Boeuf <sebastien.boeuf@intel.com>"><pre class="notranslate"><code>pod: Remove token from Cmd structure The token and pid data will be hold by the new Process structure and they are related to a container. Fixes: #123 Signed-off-by: Sebastien Boeuf <sebastien.boeuf@intel.com> </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Supplementary patch</h4><a id="user-content-supplementary-patch" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Supplementary patch" href="#supplementary-patch"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">If a PR contains multiple patches, <a href="#main-patch">only one of those patches</a> needs to specify the "<code>Fixes #XXX</code>" comment. Supplementary patches have an identical format to the main patch, but do not need to specify a "<code>Fixes #XXX</code>" comment.</p> <p dir="auto">Example:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="image-builder: Fix incorrect error message Fixed an error message which was referring to an incorrect rootfs variable name. Signed-off-by: James O. D. Hunt <james.o.hunt@intel.com>"><pre class="notranslate"><code>image-builder: Fix incorrect error message Fixed an error message which was referring to an incorrect rootfs variable name. Signed-off-by: James O. D. Hunt <james.o.hunt@intel.com> </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Reviews</h2><a id="user-content-reviews" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Reviews" href="#reviews"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Before your PRs are merged into the main code base, they are reviewed. We encourage anybody to review any PR and leave feedback.</p> <p dir="auto">See the <a href="/kata-containers/community/blob/main/PR-Review-Guide.md">PR review guide</a> for tips on performing a careful review.</p> <p dir="auto">We use the GitHub <a href="https://help.github.com/articles/approving-a-pull-request-with-required-reviews/">Required Reviews</a> system for reviewers to note if they agree or disagree with a PR. To have an acknowledgment or "nack" registered with GitHub, you <strong>must</strong> use the GitHub "Review changes" dialog to leave feedback. Notes left only in the comments fields, whilst sometimes useful, will not get registered in the acknowledgment counting system.</p> <p dir="auto">Documentation PRs can sometimes use a modified process explained in the <a href="/kata-containers/community/blob/main/Documentation-Review-Process.md">Documentation Review Process</a> guide.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Review Examples</h3><a id="user-content-review-examples" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Review Examples" href="#review-examples"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The following is an example of a valid "ack", as long as the "Approve" box is ticked in the Review changes dialog:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="Excellent work - thanks for your contribution. lgtm"><pre class="notranslate"><code>Excellent work - thanks for your contribution. lgtm </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Continuous Integration</h2><a id="user-content-continuous-integration" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Continuous Integration" href="#continuous-integration"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The Kata Containers project has a gating process to prevent introducing regressions. When your PR is submitted, a Continuous Integration (CI) system will run different checks on different platforms, based upon your changes. Currently Kata uses <a href="http://jenkins.katacontainers.io" rel="nofollow">Jenkins</a> for testing your changes.</p> <p dir="auto">Some of the checks are:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Static analysis checks.</li> <li>Unit tests.</li> <li>Functional tests.</li> <li>Integration tests.</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">The Jenkins jobs will wait to be triggered. A maintainer must add a <code>/test</code> comment on the PR to let the CI jobs run.</p> <p dir="auto">All CI jobs must pass in order to merge your PR.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Contact</h2><a id="user-content-contact" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Contact" href="#contact"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The Kata Containers community can be reached <a href="/kata-containers/community/blob/main/README.md#join-us">through various channels</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Project maintainers</h2><a id="user-content-project-maintainers" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Project maintainers" href="#project-maintainers"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The Kata Containers project maintainers are the people accepting or rejecting any PR. Although <a href="#reviews">anyone can review PRs</a>, only the acknowledgement (or "ack") from an Approver counts towards the approval of a PR.</p> <p dir="auto">Approvers are listed in GitHub teams, one for each repository. The project uses the <a href="https://help.github.com/en/articles/enabling-required-status-checks">GitHub required status checks</a> along with the <a href="https://help.github.com/en/articles/about-code-owners">GitHub <code>CODEOWNERS</code>file</a> to specify who can approve PRs. 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