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terminivõistlus\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E!\u003C/small\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sait"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sisukord" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Struktuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Struktuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Struktuur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Struktuur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Struktuur"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Struktuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ühised_omadused" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ühised_omadused"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ühised omadused</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ühised_omadused-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kolmik-_ja_kaksiktraditsioon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kolmik-_ja_kaksiktraditsioon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Kolmik- ja kaksiktraditsioon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kolmik-_ja_kaksiktraditsioon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Näide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Näide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Näide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Näide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sünoptiline_probleem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sünoptiline_probleem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sünoptiline probleem</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sünoptiline_probleem-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Sünoptiline probleem"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sünoptiline_probleem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vaidlused" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaidlused"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Vaidlused</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaidlused-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ajalugu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ajalugu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ajalugu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ajalugu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teooriad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teooriad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Teooriad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teooriad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kirjandus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kirjandus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kirjandus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kirjandus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sünoptilised evangeeliumid</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 57 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الأناجيل الإزائية – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأناجيل الإزائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D5%B5%D6%81_%D4%B1%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Համացոյց Աւետարաններ – läänearmeenia" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Համացոյց Աւետարաններ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="läänearmeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injil_Sinoptik" title="Injil Sinoptik – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Injil Sinoptik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Сінаптычныя Евангеллі – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сінаптычныя Евангеллі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Сынаптычныя Эвангельлі – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сынаптычныя Эвангельлі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Синоптични евангелия – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Синоптични евангелия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelis_sin%C3%B2ptics" title="Evangelis sinòptics – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Evangelis sinòptics" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptick%C3%A9_evangelium" title="Synoptické evangelium – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Synoptické evangelium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptiske_evangelier" title="Synoptiske evangelier – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Synoptiske evangelier" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptische_Evangelien" title="Synoptische Evangelien – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Synoptische Evangelien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%95%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Συνοπτικά Ευαγγέλια – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συνοπτικά Ευαγγέλια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Synoptic Gospels" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelios_sin%C3%B3pticos" title="Evangelios sinópticos – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Evangelios sinópticos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinoptikaj_evangelioj" title="Sinoptikaj evangelioj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sinoptikaj evangelioj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebanjelio_sinoptikoak" title="Ebanjelio sinoptikoak – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ebanjelio sinoptikoak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7" title="انجیل‌های هم‌نوا – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انجیل‌های هم‌نوا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89vangiles_synoptiques" title="Évangiles synoptiques – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Évangiles synoptiques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptyske_evangeeljes" title="Synoptyske evangeeljes – läänefriisi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Synoptyske evangeeljes" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="läänefriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanxeos_sin%C3%B3pticos" title="Evanxeos sinópticos – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Evanxeos sinópticos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EA%B4%80%EB%B3%B5%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%9C" title="공관복음서 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="공관복음서" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopti%C4%8Dka_evan%C4%91elja" title="Sinoptička evanđelja – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sinoptička evanđelja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelios_synoptic" title="Evangelios synoptic – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Evangelios synoptic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vangeli_sinottici" title="Vangeli sinottici – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vangeli sinottici" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injili_Ndugu" title="Injili Ndugu – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Injili Ndugu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelia_synoptica" title="Evangelia synoptica – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Evangelia synoptica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptici" title="Synoptici – limburgi" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Synoptici" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanjelios_sinotica" title="Evanjelios sinotica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Evanjelios sinotica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vangeli_sinotegh" title="Vangeli sinotegh – lombardi" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vangeli sinotegh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szinoptikusok" title="Szinoptikusok – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szinoptikusok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filazantsara_sin%C3%B4ptika" title="Filazantsara sinôptika – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Filazantsara sinôptika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="സമാന്തരസുവിശേഷങ്ങൾ – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സമാന്തരസുവിശേഷങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الاناجيل السينوبتيكيه – Egiptuse araabia" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الاناجيل السينوبتيكيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egiptuse araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B2%D3%A9%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%8D" title="Дөрвөн дагалдагчийн бичсэн Сайн Мэдээ – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дөрвөн дагалдагчийн бичсэн Сайн Мэдээ" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptische_evangeli%C3%ABn" title="Synoptische evangeliën – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Synoptische evangeliën" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E8%A6%B3%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%9B%B8" title="共観福音書 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="共観福音書" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_synoptiske_evangelier" title="De synoptiske evangelier – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="De synoptiske evangelier" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dei_synoptiske_evangelia" title="Dei synoptiske evangelia – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dei synoptiske evangelia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evang%C3%A8lis_sinoptics" title="Evangèlis sinoptics – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Evangèlis sinoptics" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptische_Evangelien" title="Synoptische Evangelien – alamsaksa" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Synoptische Evangelien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alamsaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewangelie_synoptyczne" title="Ewangelie synoptyczne – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ewangelie synoptyczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelhos_sin%C3%B3pticos" title="Evangelhos sinópticos – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Evangelhos sinópticos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangheliile_sinoptice" title="Evangheliile sinoptice – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Evangheliile sinoptice" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Синоптические Евангелия – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Синоптические Евангелия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Synoptic Gospels" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptick%C3%A9_evanjelium" title="Synoptické evanjelium – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Synoptické evanjelium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopsa" title="Sinopsa – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sinopsa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%86%D9%BE%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="ئینجیلی سینۆپتی – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئینجیلی سینۆپتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%92%D0%B5%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Синоптичка јеванђеља – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Синоптичка јеванђеља" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptiset_evankeliumit" title="Synoptiset evankeliumit – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Synoptiset evankeliumit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptiska_evangelier" title="Synoptiska evangelier – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Synoptiska evangelier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="ஒத்தமை நற்செய்தி நூல்கள் – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒத்தமை நற்செய்தி நூல்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="พระวรสารสหทรรศน์ – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระวรสารสหทรรศน์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%BAc_%C3%82m_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_L%C3%A3m" title="Phúc Âm Nhất Lãm – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phúc Âm Nhất Lãm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinoptik_%C4%B0nciller" title="Sinoptik İnciller – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sinoptik İnciller" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%84%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Синоптичні Євангелія – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Синоптичні Євангелія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%82%DB%81" title="اناجیل متوافقہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اناجیل متوافقہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E8%A7%82%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="对观福音 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="对观福音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q106046#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid" title="Vaata sisulehekülge [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Four_Evangelists_Jordaens_Louvre_Inv1404.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Four_Evangelists_Jordaens_Louvre_Inv1404.jpg/300px-Four_Evangelists_Jordaens_Louvre_Inv1404.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Four_Evangelists_Jordaens_Louvre_Inv1404.jpg/450px-Four_Evangelists_Jordaens_Louvre_Inv1404.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Four_Evangelists_Jordaens_Louvre_Inv1404.jpg/600px-Four_Evangelists_Jordaens_Louvre_Inv1404.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="1785" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Jordaens" title="Jacob Jordaens">Jacob Jordaens</a> 1625–1630. "Neli evangelisti" (õlimaal, <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>). Maalil on kujutatud nelja evangelisti õppimas ja vestlemas</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sünoptilisteks evangeeliumideks</b> nimetatakse <a href="/wiki/Uus_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Uus Testament">Uue Testamendi</a> kolme esimest <a href="/wiki/Evangeelium" title="Evangeelium">evangeeliumit</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matteuse_evangeelium" title="Matteuse evangeelium">Matteuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Markuse_evangeelium" title="Markuse evangeelium">Markuse</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Luuka_evangeelium" title="Luuka evangeelium">Luuka evangeeliumit</a> –, kuna nende sisud langevad paljuski kokku. Evangeeliumide sarnasus tuleb hästi esile, kui nimetatud tekste kõrvuti lugeda. Sõna ”sünoptiline” põhineb kreeka keele sõnal <span lang="el" class="description el">σύνοψις</span>, <i>synopsis</i>, mis tõlkes tähendab “koos vaatlemist”. </p><p>Matteuse, Markuse ja Luuka evangeeliumides räägitakse sageli samadest sündmustest ühesuguses järjekorras, kasutades selleks kattuvaid sõnu, üsna sageli aga lausa identseid lauseid. Nii võib evangeeliume võrreldes näha, et Markuse evangeeliumi 666 salmist on üle 600 leitavad ka Matteuse evangeeliumis. Luuka evangeeliumis on sarnaseid või sõna-sõnalt Markuse evangeeliumiga kokkulangevaid salme ligi 350. Lisaks võib leida ühesuguseid kirjakohti ka Matteuse ja Luuka evangeeliumide vahel (pea 200 ühist salmi), mis Markuse evangeeliumis puuduvad. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Perikoop" title="Perikoop">Perikoopide</a> kokkulangevust seletatakse kirjanduslike sõltuvussuhete teooriate kaudu. Tänapäeval on kõige rohkem tunnustust leidnud kahe allika teooria, mille järgi on Markuse evangeelium vanim. Nii Luuka kui ka Matteuse evangeeliumi aluseks on selle teooria kohaselt võetud Markuse evangeelium ja veel lisaks kaduma läinud Jeesuse ütluste allikas ehk <a href="/wiki/Q-allikas" title="Q-allikas">Q-allikas</a>. Samuti on mõlemal evangelistil olnud kasutada veel oma eriallikas. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Struktuur">Struktuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Struktuur"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Struktuur" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-et.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-et.svg/360px-Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-et.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="464" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-et.svg/540px-Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-et.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-et.svg/720px-Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-et.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Rohkem kui kolmveerand Markuse evangeeliumi sisust on leitav Matteuse evangeeliumist, sama võib täheldada ka Luuka evangeeliumi kohta. Lisaks on Matteuse ja Luuka evangeeliumides ühist materjali, mida ei leia aga Markuse evangeeliumist</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ühised_omadused"><span id=".C3.9Chised_omadused"></span>Ühised omadused</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Ühised omadused"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Ühised omadused" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sünoptilised evangeeliumid on laias laastus ühepikkused. Need on kirjutatud 1. sajandi jooksul antiikaja kreeka ühiskeeles <a href="/wiki/Koinee" title="Koinee">koinees</a>. Kuna sünoptilised evangeeliumid esindavad antiikbiograafia žanrit, siis erinevad nad oluliselt mitte<a href="/wiki/Kaanon_(religioon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaanon (religioon)">kanoonilistest</a> allikatest, näiteks <a href="/wiki/Tooma_evangeelium" title="Tooma evangeelium">Tooma</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Maarja_evangeelium" title="Maarja evangeelium">Maarja evangeeliumist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kolme evangeeliumi sarnasust nimetatakse kolmiktraditsiooniks. </p><p>Neljas evangeelium, <a href="/wiki/Johannese_evangeelium" title="Johannese evangeelium">Johannese evangeelium</a>, erineb sünoptilistest evangeeliumidest suurel määral, seda nii sisult kui ka perikoopide järjestuselt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kolmik-_ja_kaksiktraditsioon">Kolmik- ja kaksiktraditsioon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Kolmik- ja kaksiktraditsioon"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Kolmik- ja kaksiktraditsioon" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perikoopide võrdlemisel kolme evangeeliumi vahel tuleb esile salmide suur sarnasus, seda nii sisu kui ka järjestuse osas. Paljud kirjakohad on olemas kõigis sünoptilistes evangeeliumides, kuid üsna sage on ka olukord, kus ühest sündmusest räägib mitte kolm, vaid kaks evangeeliumi (nt: Matteuse ja Luuka evangeeliumid). Samuti on mitmeid tegevusliine, mida on kirjeldanud ainult üks evangelist. Kolmiktraditsiooniks nimetatakse kõigi kolme sünoptilise evangeeliumi kirjakohtade kokkulangemist, kaksiktraditsiooniks siis vastavalt kahe evangeeliumi. </p><p>Lisaks sõnasõnalisele kattuvusele on kolmiktraditsiooni teooria teiseks lähtekohaks kolmes evangeeliumis ülestähendatud sündmuste samasugune järjestus, seda isegi siis, kui selleks ei näi olevat selget kronoloogilist või ajaloolist põhjust.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eelkõige on see jälgitav sündmuste juures, mis on ära toodud kõigis kolmes evangeeliumis. Sündmused, millest räägivad vaid kaks evangeeliumi, on omavahel lõdvemalt seotud ja perikoopide järjekord võib evangeeliumide sees erinev olla.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Teksti kuulumine kolmik- või kaksiktraditsiooni alla pole alati üheselt mõistetav, pigem sõltub see uurimisele seatud nõuetest ja sellest, kuivõrd oluliseks peetakse sarnasuse astet tekstide analüüsil. Näiteks Matteuse ja Markuse evangeeliumis on lugu Jeesusest ja viljatust viigipuust (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2021%3A18-22">Mt 21:18–22</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mk%2011%3A12-14">Mk 11:12–24</a>), mis mõlemad räägivad selgelt ühest ja samast situatsioonist, kus Jeesus neab vilju mittekandvat puud. Otsides sama sündmust Luuka evangeeliumist, leiame tähendamissõna viljatust viigipuust (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=lk%2013%3A6-9">Lk 13:6–9</a>). Nii võib osa uurijaid pidada Luuka evangeeliumi perikoopi Matteuse ja Markuse evangeeliumi julgeks edasiarenduseks, teised peavad seda aga eraldiseisvaks kirjakohaks, mis ei mahu kolmiktraditsiooni mõiste alla. </p><p>Allolevas tabelis on ära toodud mõned olulisemad näited kolmik- ja kaksiktraditsiooni ilmestamiseks. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Perikoop</th> <th>Matteus</th> <th>Markus</th> <th>Luukas </th></tr> <tr> <td>Jeesus ja Peltsebul</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2012%3A22-37">12:22–37</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mk%203%3A20-30">3:20–30</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=lk%2011%3A14-28">11:14–28</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Joona tunnustäht</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2012%3A38-45">12:38–45</a></td> <td>–</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=lk%2011%3A29-32">11:29–32</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jeesuse ema ja vennad</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2012%3A46-50">12:46–50</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mk%203%3A31-35">3:31–35</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=lk%208%3A19-21">8:19–21</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tähendamissõna külvajast</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2013%3A1-9">13:1–9</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mk%204%3A1-9">4:1–9</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=lk%208%3A4-8">8:4–8</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tähendamissõnade põhjendamine</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2013%3A10-17">13:10–17</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mk%204%3A10-12">4:10–12</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=lk%208%3A9-10">8:9–10</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tähendamissõna külvajast lahtiseletatult</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2013%3A18-23">13:18–23</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mk%204%3A13-20">4:13–20</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=lk%208%3A11-15">8:11–15</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tähendamissõna raiheinast</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2013%3A24-30">13:24–30</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tähendamissõna lambist</td> <td>–</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mk%204%3A21-25">4:21–25</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=lk%208%3A16-18">8:16–18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tähendamissõna isepäi kasvavast viljast</td> <td>–</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mk%204%3A26-29">4:26–29</a></td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tähendamissõna sinepiivast</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2013%3A31-32">13:31–32</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mk%204%3A30-34">4:30–34</a></td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tähendamissõna haputaignast</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2013%3A33">13:33</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jeesus kõnelemas tähendamissõnadega</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2013%3A34-35">13:34–35</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tähendamissõna raiheinast lahtiseletatult</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2013%3A36-43">13:36–43</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tähendamissõna peitaardest</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2013%3A44">13:44</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tähendamissõna pärlist</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2013%3A45-46">13:45–46</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tähendamissõna noodast</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2013%3A47-50">13:47–50</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kirjatundja</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2013%3A51-52">13:51–52</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tormi vaigistamine</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%208%3A18%2E23-27">8:18.23-27</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mk%204%3A35-41">4:35–41</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=lk%208%3A22-25">8:22–25</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gadara/Gerasa seestunu tervendamine</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%208%3A28-34">8:28–34</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mk%203%5A1-20">5:1–20</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=lk%208%3A26-39">8:26–39</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jairuse tütre ülesäratamine surnuist</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%209%3A518-26">9:18–26</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mk%205%3A21-43">5:21–43</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=lk%208%3A40-56">8:40–56</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kodukoht hülgab Jeesuse</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2013%3A53-58">13:53–58</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mk%206%3A1-6">6:1-6a</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=lk%204%3A16-30">4:16–30</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kaheteistkümne läkitamine</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2010%3A1-15">10:1–15</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mk%206%3A6-13">6:6b-13</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=lk%209%3A1-6">9:1–6</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ristija Johannese surm</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2014%3A1-12">14:1–12</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mk%206%3A14-29">6:14–29</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=lk%209%3A7-9">(9:7–9)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Viie tuhande söötmine</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2014%3A13-21">14:13–21</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mk%206%3A30-44">6:30–44</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=lk%209%3A10-17">9:10–17</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jeesus kõnnib vee peal</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mt%2014%3A22-36">14:22–36</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piibel.net/#q=mk%206%3A45-46">6:45–56</a></td> <td>– </td></tr></tbody></table><p><sup id="cite_ref--_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note---5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:ChristCleansing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/ChristCleansing.jpg/240px-ChristCleansing.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/ChristCleansing.jpg/360px-ChristCleansing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/ChristCleansing.jpg/480px-ChristCleansing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="659" data-file-height="916" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchior_Doze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melchior Doze (pole veel kirjutatud)">Melchior Doze</a> 1864. "Jeesus teeb puhtaks pidalitõbise"</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Näide"><span id="N.C3.A4ide"></span>Näide</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Näide"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Näide" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Järgnevas tabelis on illustreeritud kolmiktraditsiooni mõistet perikoobiga, kus Jeesus tervendab <a href="/wiki/Pidalit%C3%B5bi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pidalitõbi">pidalitõbist</a>. Paksus kirjas on esile tõstetud kohad, mis langevad sõnasõnaliselt kokku kõigi kolme evangeeliumi vahel. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <th>Matteuse 8:2–3</th> <th>Markuse1:40–42</th> <th>Luuka 5:12–13 </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> <p><b>Καὶ</b> ἰδοὺ, <br /> <b>λεπρ</b>ὸς <br /> προσελθ<b>ὼν</b> <br /> προσεκύνει <br /> <b>αὐτ</b>ῷ <b>λέγων</b>· <br /> Κύριε, <b>ἐὰν θέλῃς</b> <br /> <b>δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι.</b> <br /> <b>καὶ</b> <br /> <b>ἐκτείνας τὴν χεῖρα</b> <br /> <b>ἥψατο αὐτοῦ</b> <br /> <b>λέγ</b>ων· <br /> <b>Θέλω, καθαρίσθητι·</b> <br /> <b>καὶ εὐθ</b>έως <br /> <br /> ἐκαθαρίσθη <br /> <b>αὐτοῦ ἡ λέπρα</b>. </p> </td> <td> <p><b>Καὶ</b> ἔρχεται πρὸς αὐτὸν <br /> <b>λεπρ</b>ὸς <br /> παρακαλ<b>ῶν</b> αὐτὸν <br /> καὶ γονυπετῶν <br /> καὶ <b>λέγων αὐτ</b>ῷ ὅτι, <br /> <b>Ἐὰν θέλῃς</b> <br /> <b>δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι.</b> <br /> <b>καὶ</b> σπλαγχνισθεὶς <br /> <b>ἐκτείνας τὴν χεῖρα</b> <br /> <b>αὐτοῦ ἥψατο</b> <br /> καὶ <b>λέγ</b>ει αὐτῷ· <br /> <b>Θέλω, καθαρίσθητι·</b> <br /> <b>καὶ εὐθ</b>ὺς <br /> ἀπῆλθεν ἀπ᾿ <br /> <b>αὐτοῦ ἡ λέπρα</b>, <br /> καὶ ἐκαθαρίσθη. </p> </td> <td> <p><b>Καὶ</b> ἰδοὺ, <br /> ἀνὴρ πλήρης <b>λέπρ</b>ας· <br /> ἰδ<b>ὼν</b> δὲ τὸν Ἰησοῦν <br /> πεσὼν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον <br /> ἐδεήθη <b>αὐτ</b>οῦ <b>λέγων</b>· <br /> Κύριε, <b>ἐὰν θέλῃς</b> <br /> <b>δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι.</b> <br /> <b>καὶ</b> <br /> <b>ἐκτείνας τὴν χεῖρα</b> <br /> <b>ἥψατο αὐτοῦ</b> <br /> <b>λέγ</b>ων· <br /> <b>Θέλω, καθαρίσθητι·</b> <br /> <b>καὶ εὐθ</b>έως <br /> <br /> <b>ἡ λέπρα</b> ἀπῆλθεν ἀπ᾿ <br /> <b>αὐτοῦ</b>. </p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> <p><b>Ja</b> vaata, <br /> tema juurde astus <br /> <br /> <br /> <b>pidalitõbine</b> <br /> kummardas <b>teda</b> ja<br /> ütles<br /> <br /> "Issand, <b>kui sa tahad,</b> <br /> <b>siis sa võid mu</b> <br /> <b>puhtaks teha!</b> <br /> <b>Ja Jeesus</b> <br /> <b>sirutas</b> <br /> <b>käe välja</b> <br /> <b>puudutas teda ja</b> <br /> <b>ütles: "Ma tahan, saa</b> <br /> <b>puhtaks!"</b><br /> <b>Ja</b> ta sai otse<b>kohe</b><br /> oma <b>pidalitõvest</b><br /> puhtaks. </p> </td> <td> <p><b>Ja</b> Jeesuse juurde tuli <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <b>pidalitõbine</b> <br /> palus <b>teda</b> ja<br /> põlvili heites ütles talle:<br /> <br /> <b>"Kui sa tahad,</b> <br /> <b>siis sa võid mu</b> <br /> <b>puhtaks teha!</b> <br /> <b>Ja Jeesusel</b> hakkas<br /> temast hale, ta<b>sirutas</b> <br /> oma <b>käe välja</b> <br /> <b>puudutas teda ja</b> <br /> <b>ütles: "Ma tahan, saa</b> <br /> <b>puhtaks!"</b><br /> <b>Ja</b> otse<b>kohe</b> lahkus<br /> <b>pidalitõbi</b> temast ja ta<br /> sai puhtaks. </p> </td> <td> <p><b>Ja</b> see sündis, kui <br /> Jeesus ühes linnas<br /> viibis, vaata, seal oli<br /> mees üleni täis<br /> <b>pidalitõbe</b>. Ja kui ta <br /> nägi Jeesust, langes ta<br /> silmini maha ja anus<br /> <b>teda</b>:<br /> "Issand, <b>"kui sa tahad,</b> <br /> <b>siis sa võid mu</b> <br /> <b>puhtaks teha!</b> <br /> <b>Ja Jeesus</b><br /> <b>sirutas</b> <br /> <b>käe välja</b> <br /> <b>puudutas teda ja</b> <br /> <b>ütles: "Ma tahan, saa</b> <br /> <b>puhtaks!"</b><br /> <b>Ja kohe</b> lahkus<br /> <b>pidalitõbi</b> temast.<br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Analüüs näitab, et perikoopide sisust langeb erinevate evangeeliumide puhul kokku rohkem kui pool. Samas on iga evangelist lisanud omalt poolt midagi juurde, mistõttu pole tekstid lõpuni identsed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sünoptiline_probleem"><span id="S.C3.BCnoptiline_probleem"></span>Sünoptiline probleem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Sünoptiline probleem"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Sünoptiline probleem" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sünoptiline probleem tegeleb kirjanduslike sõltuvussuhete uurimisega kolme esimese evangeeliumi vahel, s.t missugune allikas või allikad on evangeeliumide alusmaterjaliks ning missugune võis olla evangeeliumide kirjutamise järjekord. </p><p>Sünoptilise probleemi uurimise lähtekohaks on Markuse, Matteuse ja Luuka evangeeliumide sarnasus. Seda viimast mitte ainult tekstide sisu raames, vaid ka perikoopide järjestuse ja täpse kreekakeelse sõnastuse osas. Suur osa Uue Testamendi teadlastest on veendunud, et evangeeliumide vahel võib leida kas otseseid või kaudseid sõltuvussuhteid, mille põhjusena nähakse lähtumist ühest allikast. Seega püütakse leida vastust küsimusele, missugune võiks olla sünoptiliste evangeeliumide ühine allikas või allikad, mille põhjal moodustub evangeeliumide suur ühisosa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vaidlused">Vaidlused</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaidlused"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaidlused" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sünoptilise probleemi arutelu on toonud kaasa palju vaidlusi: </p> <ul><li>Milline evangeelium on esimesena kirjutatud ja seega teistele allikaks?</li> <li>Kas kõik kolm sünoptilist evangeeliumi lähtusid varem kirjapandust? Või on ses erisusi?</li> <li>Kas mõni osa evangeeliumeist või suisa terve evangeelium on pärit mõnest varasemast dokumendist, mis pole aga säilinud?</li> <li>Kas ja kuidas kasutavad evangeeliumid suulistest allikatest pärit materjali, sh pealtnägijate ütlusi, liturgiaid jmt.</li> <li>Kui Jeesus ja tema kaasaegsed rääkisid <a href="/wiki/Aramea_keel" title="Aramea keel">aramea keeles</a>, siis kes ja millal tegi tõlke koinee keelde, mis on vanimate säilinud ürikute keeleks?</li> <li>Kuidas ja miks on evangeeliumide lõplikud variandid just sellised, s.t miks on algtekste laiendatud, vähendatud, muudetud või allikaid vahetatud?</li></ul> <p>Lisaks on olemas hulk teooriaid, mis püüavad näha sünoptiliste evangeeliumide seoseid näiteks Johannese evangeeliumi, mittekanooniliste evangeeliumide, apostlite õpetuste, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hierapolise_Papias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hierapolise Papias (pole veel kirjutatud)">Papiase</a> kirjutiste, rabiinlike materjalidega jmt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ajalugu">Ajalugu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Ajalugu"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid&action=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Ajalugu" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Griesbach_-_Synopsis_Evangeliorum_p24.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Griesbach_-_Synopsis_Evangeliorum_p24.jpg/220px-Griesbach_-_Synopsis_Evangeliorum_p24.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Griesbach_-_Synopsis_Evangeliorum_p24.jpg/330px-Griesbach_-_Synopsis_Evangeliorum_p24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Griesbach_-_Synopsis_Evangeliorum_p24.jpg/440px-Griesbach_-_Synopsis_Evangeliorum_p24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="2132" /></a><figcaption> Griesbachi "Synopsis Evangeliorum" – näide, kuidas Griesbach kõrvutas sünoptiliste evangeeliumide tekste</figcaption></figure> <p>Üks esimesi, kes hakkas sünoptilise probleemiga tegelema, oli <a href="/wiki/Augustinus" title="Augustinus">Augustinus</a>. Nii reastab ta 5. sajandi alguses evangeeliumid kanoonilisse järjekorda, vastavalt siis esimene Matteuse, teine Markuse, kolmas Luuka ja neljas Johannese evangeelium. Augustinus lähtus evangeeliumide reastamisel mõttest, et esimene kirjapandud evangeelium oli Matteuse evangeelium ja teised järgnesid talle. Muuhulgas postuleeris ta, et iga järgnev evangelist ehitab oma töö üles eelkäijate tööle, lisades sinna omapoolseid täiendusi. Nõnda oli sündinud esimene sünoptilise probleemi teooria ehk Augustinuse teooria.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Augustinuse mõttekäik, mis nägi Matteuse evangeeliumit esimesena, püsis puutumatuna kuni 18. sajandi lõpuni, mil <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Jakob_Griesbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Jakob Griesbach (pole veel kirjutatud)">Johann Jakob Griesbach</a> avaldas uurimuse, kus kõrvutas sünoptilisi evangeeliume ning jõudis järelduseni, et hoopis Markuse evangeelium on olnud Matteusele ja Luukale lähtekohaks. Griesbachi kolmiktraditsiooni teooria sai evangeeliumide omavaheliste suhete uurimisel revolutsiooniliseks, s.t evangeeliumid olid Griesbachi uurimuses trükitud paralleelsetes tulpades kriitilise väljaandena nõnda, et uurijad võisid neid kõiki analüüsida koos ja üheaegselt.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>19. sajandil, mil teadlased hakkasid rakendama <a href="/wiki/Kirjanduskriitika" title="Kirjanduskriitika">kirjanduskriitika</a> meetodeid sünoptilise probleemi lahendamiseks, jõuti tõdemuseni, et kolme evangeeliumi aluseks oli arvatavasti hüpoteetiline arameakeelne proto-evangeelium. Samas jäädi üksmeelselt toetama mõtet, et Markuse evangeelium on oluliselt mõjutanud Matteuse ja Luuka evangeeliumide sisu ja ülesehitust. </p><p>1838. aastal avaldas saksa teoloog Weisse oma teooria, kus kaksiktraditsiooni põhjusena oli toodud Matteuse ja Luuka evangeeliumide eraldiseisva toetumise kahele allikale – Markusele ning Jeesuse ütlusi sisaldavale Q-allikale. Siinkohal tuleb aga rõhutada, et esiti peeti lisaallikaks Papiase ütlusi, mida tähistati märgiga "Λ", kuid hiljem võeti kasutuse “Q”, mis tuleb saksakeelses sõnast “Quelle”, mis tähendab allikat.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kahe allika teooriat peeti kuni 20. sajandi lõpuni peamiseks sünoptilise probleemi selgituseks, küsimusi tekitas ainult allika sisu, mitte teooria paikapidavus.<sup id="cite_ref-two-source_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-two-source-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kahe allika teoorial on mitmeid modifikatsioone. Näiteks lisas Streeter 1924. aastal veel kaks allikat, M- ja L-allika, ning lõi nelja allika teooria. Streeteri idee põhines kanooniliste evangeeliumide hilisemas väljakujunemises ning võimalike evangeeliumide kokkukirjutamise tehnikate sissetoomises (n-ö ”lõikan-kleebin” tehnika, muude kirjalike allikate kasutamine, suuliste traditsioonide arvestamine, kohaliku folkloori sissetoomine jmt).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Viimased aastakümned on kaasa toonud palju vaidlusi sünoptiliste evangeeliumide allikate ja nende kasutamise ümber. Nii kirjutab <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wenham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wenham (pole veel kirjutatud)">John Wenham</a>: “Ma leidsin ennast Uue Testamendi Uuringute Ühingu sünoptilise probleemi seminaris, mille liikmed vaidlesid iga viimase kui aspekti üle. Kui see rahvusvaheline rühm 1982. aastal laiali läks, pidid nad aga tunnistama, et nad ei jõudnud isegi pärast kahtteist aastat kestnud tööd mitte ühelegi kokkuleppele.”<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teooriad">Teooriad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Teooriad"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid&action=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Teooriad" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sünoptilise probleemi lahenduseks on välja pakutud mitmeid teooriaid. Stephen C. Carlson nimetab üle 20 peamise teooria, millest olulisemad on järgmised<sup id="cite_ref-Carlson2004"_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carlson2004"-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"> <caption><b>Peamised sünoptilised teooriad</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Oluline allikas </th> <th scope="col">Teooria </th> <th scope="col">Joonis </th> <th scope="col">Märkused </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6">Markus </td> <td>Kahe allika teooria </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Synoptic_Theory_Mk-Q_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Synoptic_Theory_Mk-Q_en.svg/203px-Synoptic_Theory_Mk-Q_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="203" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Synoptic_Theory_Mk-Q_en.svg/305px-Synoptic_Theory_Mk-Q_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Synoptic_Theory_Mk-Q_en.svg/406px-Synoptic_Theory_Mk-Q_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </td> <td>Tunnustatuim teooria, mille keskmes on Markuse evangeelium kui vanim evangeelium, millest Matteus ja Luukas on oma evangeeliumide narratiivi kokkukirjutamisel tõukunud. Teiseks allikaks, kust Matteus ja Luukas materjali ammutasid, on selle teooria kohaselt Q-allikas, mis sisaldas peamiselt Jeesuse õpetust ja ütlusi, kuid mis pole säilinud. Samas sisaldab kumbki evangeelium lisaks eelnevale veel oma spetsiifilist materjali. <p>Q-allika hüpoteesi teeb usutavaks asjaolu, et Matteus kasutab ära pea kogu Markuse materjali, Luukas aga umbes poole, kusjuures nii Matteus kui Luukas kasutavad üsna sageli Markuse sõnastust pisimate detailideni.<sup id="cite_ref-two-source_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-two-source-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Farreri Markuse-Matteuse teooria </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Synoptic_Farrer_Theory_Mk-Mt_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Synoptic_Farrer_Theory_Mk-Mt_en.svg/203px-Synoptic_Farrer_Theory_Mk-Mt_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="203" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Synoptic_Farrer_Theory_Mk-Mt_en.svg/305px-Synoptic_Farrer_Theory_Mk-Mt_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Synoptic_Farrer_Theory_Mk-Mt_en.svg/406px-Synoptic_Farrer_Theory_Mk-Mt_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="203" /></a></span> </td> <td>Farreri hüpoteesist lähtuvalt toetub Luuka evangeelium lisaks Markuse evangeeliumile ka Matteuse tekstidele. Teooria väidab, et Matteus kasutas oma evangeeliumi kirjutamisel Markuse evangeeliumi narratiivi, kuid lisas sinna omalt poolt õpetussõnu ja muutis sündmuste järjekorda oma eesmärgist lähtuvalt. Neist hilisem Luuka evangeelium kasutas aga mõlema eeskuju, lisades materjali ning tehes ümberkorraldusi.<sup id="cite_ref-Carlson2004"_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carlson2004"-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kolme allika teooria </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Three-source_(Mark-Q_Matthew)_theory.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Three-source_%28Mark-Q_Matthew%29_theory.svg/202px-Three-source_%28Mark-Q_Matthew%29_theory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="202" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Three-source_%28Mark-Q_Matthew%29_theory.svg/304px-Three-source_%28Mark-Q_Matthew%29_theory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Three-source_%28Mark-Q_Matthew%29_theory.svg/405px-Three-source_%28Mark-Q_Matthew%29_theory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="262" /></a></span> </td> <td>Kolme allika teooria kombineerib omavahel kahe allika teooriat ja Farreri teooriaid ning ütleb, et Matteuse ja Luuka evangeeliumid kasutasid Markuse evangeeliumit ja Q-allikat kui lähtematerjali, kusjuures Luuka evangeelium põimis omakorda oma lugudesse sisse Matteuse kirjapandut.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Q+/Papiase teooria (Markus-Matteus) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Synoptic_Theory_Mk%2BQ-Mt%2BPapias_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Synoptic_Theory_Mk%2BQ-Mt%2BPapias_en.svg/240px-Synoptic_Theory_Mk%2BQ-Mt%2BPapias_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Synoptic_Theory_Mk%2BQ-Mt%2BPapias_en.svg/360px-Synoptic_Theory_Mk%2BQ-Mt%2BPapias_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Synoptic_Theory_Mk%2BQ-Mt%2BPapias_en.svg/480px-Synoptic_Theory_Mk%2BQ-Mt%2BPapias_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="233" /></a></span> </td> <td>Kahe allika teooriaga sarnaselt vaatleb Q+/ Papiase teooria sünoptilisuse probleemi võimalike lisaallikate sissetoomisega. Nii leiab teooria, et Markuse evangeeliumi üheks allikaks on Q-allikas, kuid nendib, et sama allikat on kasutanud eraldiseisvalt ka Matteus ja Luukas. Farreri teooriast on juurde lisatud mõte, et Matteus kasutas oma tekstide baasina Markuse evangeeliumi ning Luukas nii Markust kui ka Matteust. Lisaks eelnevale on peetakse tõenäoliseks, et Luukas on lähtunud ka Hierapolise Papiase tekstidest.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>Teooriat peetakse peamiste uurijate poolt küsitavaks, kuna Q-allikas on enamasti konstrueeritud kui Matteuse ja Luuka evangeeliumide ühisosa, millest on maha arvatud lõigud, mida Matteus ja Luukas jagavad Markuse evangeeliumiga. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wilke teooria (Markus-Luukas) </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Synoptic_Wilke_Theory_Mk-Lk_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Synoptic_Wilke_Theory_Mk-Lk_en.svg/203px-Synoptic_Wilke_Theory_Mk-Lk_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="203" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Synoptic_Wilke_Theory_Mk-Lk_en.svg/305px-Synoptic_Wilke_Theory_Mk-Lk_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Synoptic_Wilke_Theory_Mk-Lk_en.svg/406px-Synoptic_Wilke_Theory_Mk-Lk_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="203" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Wilke teooria on kahe allika teooria edasiarendus, mis sedastab, et Markuse evangeelium on Luuka evangeeliumi aluseks ja Matteus on kasutanud mõlemat eelnevat oma evangeeliumi allikana. Teooria nurgakiviks on lähtumine evangeeliumide keele ja struktuuri keerukuse võrdlemisest, s.t Matteuse evangeelium on kõige keerulisema struktuuriga, järelikult on selle aluseks lihtsamad Markus ja Luukas.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nelja allika teooria </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Synoptic_Theory_4SH_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Synoptic_Theory_4SH_en.svg/300px-Synoptic_Theory_4SH_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Synoptic_Theory_4SH_en.svg/450px-Synoptic_Theory_4SH_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Synoptic_Theory_4SH_en.svg/600px-Synoptic_Theory_4SH_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </td> <td>Nelja allika teooria peab kõige tõenäolisemaks, et Matteuse ja Luuka evangeeliumide aluseks on neli allikat: Markuse evangeelium ning Q-, M- ja L-allikad, mis pole tänase päevani säilinud.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Matteus </td> <td>Kahe evangeeliumi teooria (Matteus-Luukas) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Synoptic_two-gospel_Theory_Mt-Lk_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Synoptic_two-gospel_Theory_Mt-Lk_en.svg/203px-Synoptic_two-gospel_Theory_Mt-Lk_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="203" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Synoptic_two-gospel_Theory_Mt-Lk_en.svg/305px-Synoptic_two-gospel_Theory_Mt-Lk_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Synoptic_two-gospel_Theory_Mt-Lk_en.svg/406px-Synoptic_two-gospel_Theory_Mt-Lk_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="203" /></a></span> </td> <td>Kahe evangeeliumi teooria ehk Griesbachi teooria peab varaseimaks evangeeliumiks Matteuse evangeeliumi, millest esimesena on tõukunud Luukas. Viimasena kirjutatud Markuse evangeelium on kasutanud mõlemat varasemat evangeeliumi oma allikana (kuid vaid seal, kus tema eelkäijad on omavahel nõus olnud).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kahe evangeeliumi teooria on kahe allika teooria kõrval kõige enam levinud mudel selgitamaks sünoptilist probleemi.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>Teooria peamiseks tugevuseks kahe allika teooria ees on välise Q-allika välistamine – Luuka ja Markuse evangeeliumide algallikaks peetakse ainult Matteuse evangeeliumi. Seda seisukohta on toetamas ka varakristlikud materjalid. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Augustinuse teooria (Matteus-Markus) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Synoptic_Augustinian_Theory_Mt-Mk_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Synoptic_Augustinian_Theory_Mt-Mk_en.svg/203px-Synoptic_Augustinian_Theory_Mt-Mk_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="203" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Synoptic_Augustinian_Theory_Mt-Mk_en.svg/305px-Synoptic_Augustinian_Theory_Mt-Mk_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Synoptic_Augustinian_Theory_Mt-Mk_en.svg/406px-Synoptic_Augustinian_Theory_Mt-Mk_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="203" /></a></span> </td> <td>Augustinuse teooria on vanim sünoptilist probleemi seletav teooria, mille autoriks on 5. sajandil elanud <a href="/wiki/Augustinus" title="Augustinus">Aurelius Augustinus ehk Augustinus Hippost</a>. Teooria kohaselt on vanim evangeelium Matteuse evangeelium, mida hiljem kasutab Markus oma evangeeliumi allikana. Lisaks sellele peab ta tõenäoliseks, et Markus on oma evangeeliumisse sisse põiminud mõtteid ka Peetruse jutlustest. Luukas kirjutab oma evangeeliumi, toetudes mõlemale eelkäijale. <p>Teooria peab sünoptilise probleemi keskseks tõendusmaterjaliks pigem ajaloolisi tunnistusi kui tekstikriitikat, s.t teooria aluseks on kirikuisade kirjutised, ajaloolised allikad, mis pärinevad juba 2. sajandi esimesest poolest. Augustinuse teooria toetajad näevad seda kui lihtsat ja ühtset lahendust sünoptilisele probleemile.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1">Luukas </td> <td>Jeruusalemma koolkonna teooria </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Synoptic_Theory_JSH_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Synoptic_Theory_JSH_en.svg/203px-Synoptic_Theory_JSH_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="203" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Synoptic_Theory_JSH_en.svg/305px-Synoptic_Theory_JSH_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Synoptic_Theory_JSH_en.svg/406px-Synoptic_Theory_JSH_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="270" /></a></span> </td> <td>Jeruusalemma koolkonna teooria peab sünoptiliste evangeeliumide aluseks Kreeka antoloogiat (ld: Anthologia Graeca) (skeemil tähistatud A-ga), lisaks on Luukas selle teooria kohaselt saanud sisendi R-allikast, mis pole tänaseni säilinud. Matteuse evangeelium ei kasuta Luuka evangeeliumit otsese allikana, pigem jõuvad Luuka mõjud Matteuseni läbi Markuse evangeeliumi.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>Selle koolkonna esindajad peavad sünoptilise probleemi lahkamisel võrdväärselt oluliseks heebrea keelt kreeka ja aramea keele kõrval.Samuti toovad nad eraldi välja rabiinliku kirjanduse, juudi kultuuripärandi ja Surnumere rullid, mis kõik on Jeruusalemma koolkonna teooria kohaselt evangeeliumide sünnilukku oma jälje jätnud. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Oluline allikas puudub </td> <td>Mitme allika teooria </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Synoptic_Theory_MS_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Synoptic_Theory_MS_en.svg/315px-Synoptic_Theory_MS_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="315" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Synoptic_Theory_MS_en.svg/473px-Synoptic_Theory_MS_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Synoptic_Theory_MS_en.svg/630px-Synoptic_Theory_MS_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="203" /></a></span> </td> <td>Markuse, Matteuse ja Luuka evangeeliumid ei ole omavahel otseses sõltuvussuhtes, vaid igaüks neist on saanud mõjutatud hoopis varasematest dokumentidest. Teooria kohaselt tuleneb kolme sünoptilise evangeeliumi ühine materjal protoevangeeliumist, mis sarnaneb kõige enam Markuse evangeeliumiga. Teooria paneb ette, et proto-evangeeliumit on allikana kasutanud hilisemad A- ja B-allikad, mis omakorda on sünoptiliste evangeeliumide allikaiks. Markuse evangeelium ongi A- ja B-allika sümbioos, Matteus lähtub A-allikast, Luukas B-allikast. Matteus ja Luukas on lisaks kasutanud Q-allikat ning võimalik, et veel mingeid lisaallikaid.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Heebrea evangeeliumi teooria ehk proto-evangeeliumi teooria </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Synoptic_Theory_Pt_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Synoptic_Theory_Pt_en.svg/255px-Synoptic_Theory_Pt_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="255" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Synoptic_Theory_Pt_en.svg/383px-Synoptic_Theory_Pt_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Synoptic_Theory_Pt_en.svg/510px-Synoptic_Theory_Pt_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </td> <td>Heebrea evangeeliumi teooria on seisukohal, et kanoonilised evangeeliumid toetuvad tänaseks kadunud heebrea- või arameakeelsele evangeeliumile. Teooria põhineb varakristlikul traditsioonil ja 2. sajandi Hierapolise Papiase ideel, et apostel Matteus koostas proto-evangeeliumi,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mis ongi kõigi kolme sünoptilise evangeeliumi aluseks. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sõltumatu teooria </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Synoptic_independence_theory_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Synoptic_independence_theory_en.svg/255px-Synoptic_independence_theory_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="255" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Synoptic_independence_theory_en.svg/383px-Synoptic_independence_theory_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Synoptic_independence_theory_en.svg/510px-Synoptic_independence_theory_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </td> <td>Enamasti peetakse sünoptiliste evangeeliumide sarnasuse allikaks lähtumist samadest kirjalikest materjalidest, kuid hüpoteeside rohkus näitab, et üht ja lõpuni vettpidavat teooriat pole suudetud leida. Sõltumatuse teooria pooldajad väidavad, et iga evangelist on kirjutanud oma evangeeliumi eraldiseisvalt ja toetudes pealtnägijate suulistele tunnistustele. Samuti peetakse võimalikuks evangeeliumide lähtumist liturgiast ja teistest suulistest traditsioonidest. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid&action=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bauckham, Richard 2006. Jesus and the Eyewitnesses: The Gospels as Eyewitness Testimony. Michigan: Eerdman. Lk 220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Perkins, Pheme 2009. Introduction to the Synoptic Gospels. Michigan: Eerdman. Lk 2–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Riistan, Ain 2010. Uue Testamenendi sissejuhatus. Tartu Ülikool: e-õppe materjal. Lk 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Goodacre, Mark 2001. The Synoptic Problem: A Way Through the Maze. Edinburgh: Bloomsbury T&T Clark. Lk. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note---5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref--_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanders, E.P; Davies, Margaret 1992. Studing the Synoptic Gospels. 3. trükk. London: SCM Press; Philadelphia: Trinity Press International. Lk 88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dungan, David L. 1999. A history of the synoptic problem: the canon, the text, the composition and the interpretation of the Gospels. New York: Yale University Press. Lk 112–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Owen, Henry 1764. Observations on the Four Gospels, tending chiefly to ascertain the time of their Publication, and to illustrate the form and manner of their Composition. London: T. Payne</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Lührmann, Dieter 1995. The Gospel Behind the Gospels: Current Studies on Q: Q: Sayings of Jesus or Logia. London: Brill Academic Pub. Lk 97–102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-two-source-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-two-source_9-0">9,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-two-source_9-1">9,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Montserrat, Joan 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hypotyposeis.org/synoptic-problem/2004/09/two-source-hypothesis.html">Two-Source Hypothesis</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Goodacre, Mark 2001. The Synoptic Problem: A Way Through the Maze. Edinburgh: Bloomsbury T&T Clark. Lk 81 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Wenham, John 1992. Redating Matthew, Mark, & Luke. Westmont: Intervarsity Press. Lk xxi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carlson2004"-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Carlson2004"_12-0">12,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Carlson2004"_12-1">12,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Carlson C., Stephen 2004. Overview of Proposed Solutions.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Holtzmann, Heinrich Julius 1878. Zur synoptischen Frage. Jahrbücher für protestantische Theologie. Vol 4, lk 553–554.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">MacDonald, Dennis Ronald 2012. Two Shipwrecked Gospels: The "Logoi of Jesus" and Papias's "Exposition of the Logia about the Lord.". Atlanta: Early Christianity and Its Literature 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Wilke, Christian Gottlob 1838. Der Urevangelist oder exegetisch kritische Untersuchung über das Verwandtschaftsverhältniß der drei ersten Evangelien. Dresden.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas, Robert L. 2003. Three Views on the Origins of the Synoptic Gospels. Grand Rapids: Kregel Academic & Professional. Lk 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Farmer, William 1964. 'The Synoptic Problem: A Critical Analysis. New York: Macmillan</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Beck, David 2001. Rethinking the Synoptic Problem. Baker Academic</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas, Robert L. 2002. Three views on the origins of the Synoptic Gospels 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lindsey, Robert 1963. A Modified Two-Document Theory of the Synoptic Dependence and Interdependence. Novum Testamentum 6, lk 239–263</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rolland, Philippe (1984). Les Premiers Évangiles, un nouveau regard sur le problème synoptique (in French). Les Éditions du Cerf</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Turner, David L. 2008. Matthew. Baker Exegetical Commentary on The New Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker Publishing Group. Lk 15–16</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kirjandus">Kirjandus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Kirjandus"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid&action=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Kirjandus" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bauckham, Richard 2006. Jesus and the Eyewitnesses: The Gospels as Eyewitness Testimony. Michigan: Eerdman. Lk 220.</li> <li>Beck, David 2001. Rethinking the Synoptic Problem. Baker Academic.</li> <li>Carlson C., Stephen 2004. Overview of Proposed Solutions.</li> <li>Dungan, David L. 1999. A history of the synoptic problem: the canon, the text, the composition and the interpretation of the Gospels. New York: Yale University Press. Lk 112–44.</li> <li>Farmer, William 1964. 'The Synoptic Problem: A Critical Analysis. New York: Macmillan.</li> <li>Goodacre, Mark 2001. The Synoptic Problem: A Way Through the Maze. Edinburgh: Bloomsbury T&T Clark. Lk 81.</li> <li>Holtzmann, Heinrich Julius 1878. Zur synoptischen Frage. Jahrbücher für protestantische Theologie. Vol 4, lk 553–554.</li> <li>Lindsey, Robert 1963. A Modified Two-Document Theory of the Synoptic Dependence and Interdependence. Novum Testamentum 6, lk 239–263.</li> <li>Lührmann, Dieter 1995. The Gospel Behind the Gospels: Current Studies on Q: Q: Sayings of Jesus or Logia. London: Brill Academic Pub. Lk 97–102.</li> <li>MacDonald, Dennis Ronald 2012. Two Shipwrecked Gospels: The "Logoi of Jesus" and Papias's "Exposition of the Logia about the Lord.". Atlanta: Early Christianity and Its Literature 8.</li> <li>Montserrat, Joan 2005. Two-Source Hypothesis.</li> <li>Owen, Henry 1764. Observations on the Four Gospels, tending chiefly to ascertain the time of their Publication, and to illustrate the form and manner of their Composition. London: T. Payne.</li> <li>Perkins, Pheme 2009. Introduction to the Synoptic Gospels. Michigan: Eerdman. Lk 2–11.</li> <li>Riistan, Ain 2010. Uue Testamenendi sissejuhatus. Tartu Ülikool: e-õppe materjal. Lk 4.</li> <li>Rolland, Philippe (1984). Les Premiers Évangiles, un nouveau regard sur le problème synoptique (in French). Les Éditions du Cerf.</li> <li>Sanders, E.P; Davies, Margaret 1992. Studing the Synoptic Gospels. 3. trükk. London: SCM Press; Philadelphia: Trinity Press International. Lk 88.</li> <li>Thomas, Robert L. 2003. Three Views on the Origins of the Synoptic Gospels. Grand Rapids: Kregel Academic & Professional. Lk 64.</li> <li>Turner, David L. 2008. Matthew. Baker Exegetical Commentary on The New Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker Publishing Group. Lk 15–16</li> <li>Wenham, John 1992. Redating Matthew, Mark, & Luke. Westmont: Intervarsity Press. Lk xxi.</li> <li>Wilke, Christian Gottlob 1838. Der Urevangelist oder exegetisch kritische Untersuchung über das Verwandtschaftsverhältniß der drei ersten Evangelien. Dresden.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sünoptilised_evangeeliumid&oldid=6713002">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sünoptilised_evangeeliumid&oldid=6713002</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Uus_testament" title="Kategooria:Uus testament">Uus testament</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 13:57, 25. august 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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