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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0;"/><title>1 Chronicles 11 Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/expositors/1_chronicles/11.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/5001com.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="../spec.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 4800px), only screen and (max-device-width: 4800px)" href="/4801.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 1550px), only screen and (max-device-width: 1550px)" href="/1551.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 1250px), only screen and (max-device-width: 1250px)" href="/1251.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 1050px), only screen and (max-device-width: 1050px)" href="/1051.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 900px), only screen and (max-device-width: 900px)" href="/901.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 800px), only screen and (max-device-width: 800px)" href="/801.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 575px), only screen and (max-device-width: 575px)" href="/501.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-height: 450px), only screen and (max-device-height: 450px)" href="/h451.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; 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(2) a list of David’s chief warriors, with short notices of their famous deeds (<a href="/context/1_chronicles/11-10.htm" title="These also are the chief of the mighty men whom David had, who strengthened themselves with him in his kingdom, and with all Israel, to make him king, according to the word of the LORD concerning Israel.">1Chronicles 11:10-17</a>).<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-1.htm">1 Chronicles 11:1</a></div><div class="verse">Then all Israel gathered themselves to David unto Hebron, saying, Behold, we <i>are</i> thy bone and thy flesh.</div>(1–9) Parallel to <a href="/context/2_samuel/5-1.htm" title="Then came all the tribes of Israel to David to Hebron, and spoke, saying, Behold, we are your bone and your flesh.">2Samuel 5:1-10</a>.<p>(1) <span class= "bld">Then all Israel gathered themselves.</span>—Literally, <span class= "ital">and.</span> “Then” is too definite a mark of time. The chronicler passes over the subsequent history of the house of Saul, and its decline under the feeble Ishbosheth, who reigned at Mahanaim as a puppet-king in the hands of Abner his powerful kinsman and general (2 Samuel 2-4).<p><span class= "bld">All Israel.</span>—This proves that the allusion is not to David’s election by Judah (<a href="/2_samuel/2-4.htm" title="And the men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. And they told David, saying, That the men of Jabeshgilead were they that buried Saul.">2Samuel 2:4</a>).<p><span class= "bld">Hebron,</span> the burial-place of the patriarchs, was the capital of Judah, the tribe of David.<p><span class= "bld">Thy bone and thy flesh.</span>—A proverb first of physical, then of moral unity (<a href="/genesis/2-23.htm" title="And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man.">Genesis 2:23</a>; <a href="/judges/9-2.htm" title="Speak, I pray you, in the ears of all the men of Shechem, Whether is better for you, either that all the sons of Jerubbaal, which are three score and ten persons, reign over you, or that one reign over you? remember also that I am your bone and your flesh.">Judges 9:2</a>). It was not as if David were some valiant foreigner, like certain of his own heroes. Moreover, the affection and sympathy of the tribes were with him, whose life of struggle and success had marked him out as their divinely chosen leader.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-2.htm">1 Chronicles 11:2</a></div><div class="verse">And moreover in time past, even when Saul was king, thou <i>wast</i> he that leddest out and broughtest in Israel: and the LORD thy God said unto thee, Thou shalt feed my people Israel, and thou shalt be ruler over my people Israel.</div>(2) <span class= "bld">In time past.</span>—<span class= "ital">Yesterday,</span> or <span class= "ital">three days since.</span> A very indefinite phrase, used in <a href="/genesis/31-2.htm" title="And Jacob beheld the countenance of Laban, and, behold, it was not toward him as before.">Genesis 31:2</a> of a time fourteen years since, and <a href="/2_kings/13-5.htm" title="(And the LORD gave Israel a savior, so that they went out from under the hand of the Syrians: and the children of Israel dwelled in their tents, as beforetime.">2Kings 13:5</a> of more than forty years ago.<p><span class= "bld">Leddest out.</span>—To battle.<p><span class= "bld">Broughtest in.</span>—Of the homeward march. David had thus already discharged kingly functions. (Comp. <a href="/1_samuel/8-20.htm" title="That we also may be like all the nations; and that our king may judge us, and go out before us, and fight our battles.">1Samuel 8:20</a>; <a href="/1_samuel/18-6.htm" title="And it came to pass as they came, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, that the women came out of all cities of Israel, singing and dancing, to meet king Saul, with tabrets, with joy, and with instruments of music.">1Samuel 18:6</a>; <a href="/1_samuel/18-13.htm" title="Therefore Saul removed him from him, and made him his captain over a thousand; and he went out and came in before the people.">1Samuel 18:13</a>; <a href="/1_samuel/18-27.htm" title="Why David arose and went, he and his men, and slew of the Philistines two hundred men; and David brought their foreskins, and they gave them in full tale to the king, that he might be the king's son in law. And Saul gave him Michal his daughter to wife.">1Samuel 18:27</a>; <a href="/2_samuel/3-18.htm" title="Now then do it: for the LORD has spoken of David, saying, By the hand of my servant David I will save my people Israel out of the hand of the Philistines, and out of the hand of all their enemies.">2Samuel 3:18</a>.)<p><span class= "bld">The Lord thy God said unto</span> <span class= "bld">thee.</span>—<a href="/1_samuel/16-13.htm" title="Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the middle of his brothers: and the Spirit of the LORD came on David from that day forward. So Samuel rose up, and went to Ramah.">1Samuel 16:13</a>.<p><span class= "bld">Thou shalt feed my people.</span>—Literally, <span class= "ital">shepherd</span> or <span class= "ital">tend them.</span> The same term is used of the Lord Himself (<a href="/isaiah/40-11.htm" title="He shall feed his flock like a shepherd: he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and shall gently lead those that are with young.">Isaiah 40:11</a>; <a href="/psalms/80-1.htm" title="Give ear, O Shepherd of Israel, you that lead Joseph like a flock; you that dwell between the cherubim, shine forth.">Psalm 80:1</a>). The king then is God’s representative, and as such his right is really Divine (<a href="/romans/13-1.htm" title="Let every soul be subject to the higher powers. For there is no power but of God: the powers that be are ordained of God.">Romans 13:1</a>). The cuneiform documents reveal the interesting fact that the term “shepherd,” as applied to sovereigns, is as old as the pre-Semitic stage of Babylonian civilisation (the second millennium B.C. ).<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-3.htm">1 Chronicles 11:3</a></div><div class="verse">Therefore came all the elders of Israel to the king to Hebron; and David made a covenant with them in Hebron before the LORD; and they anointed David king over Israel, according to the word of the LORD by Samuel.</div>(3) <span class= "bld">Therefore came all the elders of Israel.</span>—The assembly of elders, the Senate of Israel, make a contract with David concerning his prerogative and the rights of his people, thus formally determining “the manner of the kingdom.” (Comp. <a href="/1_samuel/8-9.htm" title="Now therefore listen to their voice: however, yet protest solemnly to them, and show them the manner of the king that shall reign over them.">1Samuel 8:9</a> <span class= "ital">seq.,</span> <a href="/1_samuel/10-25.htm" title="Then Samuel told the people the manner of the kingdom, and wrote it in a book, and laid it up before the LORD. And Samuel sent all the people away, every man to his house.">1Samuel 10:25</a>.) Representative institutions appear to have been the rule in the best period of Israel’s national existence. The elders or hereditary heads of the tribal subdivisions met in council to discuss and settle matters of national concern. (Comp. <a href="/1_chronicles/12-23.htm" title="And these are the numbers of the bands that were ready armed to the war, and came to David to Hebron, to turn the kingdom of Saul to him, according to the word of the LORD.">1Chronicles 12:23</a>.)<p><span class= "bld">Before the Lord.</span>—In the presence of the high priest, and perhaps before the ark; comp. <a href="/exodus/21-6.htm" title="Then his master shall bring him to the judges; he shall also bring him to the door, or to the door post; and his master shall bore his ear through with an awl; and he shall serve him for ever.">Exodus 21:6</a>; <a href="/1_samuel/2-25.htm" title="If one man sin against another, the judge shall judge him: but if a man sin against the LORD, who shall entreat for him? Notwithstanding they listened not to the voice of their father, because the LORD would slay them.">1Samuel 2:25</a>, where the priestly nudge is called God, as representing the authority of the Divine judge (<a href="/exodus/22-28.htm" title="You shall not revile the gods, nor curse the ruler of your people.">Exodus 22:28</a>).<p><span class= "bld">According to the word of the Lord by Samuel.</span>—A reflection added by the chronicler, and based upon the facts related in <a href="/1_samuel/15-28.htm" title="And Samuel said to him, The LORD has rent the kingdom of Israel from you this day, and has given it to a neighbor of yours, that is better than you.">1Samuel 15:28</a>; <a href="/context/1_samuel/16-1.htm" title="And the LORD said to Samuel, How long will you mourn for Saul, seeing I have rejected him from reigning over Israel? fill your horn with oil, and go, I will send you to Jesse the Bethlehemite: for I have provided me a king among his sons.">1Samuel 16:1-13</a>.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-4.htm">1 Chronicles 11:4</a></div><div class="verse">And David and all Israel went to Jerusalem, which <i>is</i> Jebus; where the Jebusites <i>were</i>, the inhabitants of the land.</div>(4-9) <span class= "bld">THE CAPTURE OF ZION BY JOAB’S VALOUR, AND DAVID’S SETTLEMENT THERE.</span><p>The accession of the new king is followed by a warlike enterprise, according to the precedent of Saul (1 Samuel 11). This agrees with the reason assigned for the election of a king (<a href="/1_samuel/8-20.htm" title="That we also may be like all the nations; and that our king may judge us, and go out before us, and fight our battles.">1Samuel 8:20</a>), as well as with what we know of Assyrian custom, and is a mark of historic truth.<p>(4) <span class= "bld">And David . . . land.</span>—Samuel is briefer: “And the king and his men went to Jerusalem, to the Jebusite, the inhabitant of the land.” The chronicler adds the explanatory “that is Jebus,” because of the after-mention of the Jebusite. He then further modifies the form of the original statement, continuing “and there (lived) the Jebusite (<span class= "ital">collect.</span>)<span class= "ital">,</span> the inhabitants,” &c.<p><span class= "bld">Jerusalem</span> means city of Salem; Assyrian, <span class= "ital">Ursalimmê.</span> But in Hebrew the name has been so modified as to suggest “vision of peace.” In Greek the name became Hierosolyma, “Sacred Solyma.”<p><span class= "bld">Inhabitants of the land.</span>—A standing name of the native Canaanites, and equivalent to indigenæ, or <span class= "greekheb">Ἀυτόχθονες</span>.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-5.htm">1 Chronicles 11:5</a></div><div class="verse">And the inhabitants of Jebus said to David, Thou shalt not come hither. Nevertheless David took the castle of Zion, which <i>is</i> the city of David.</div>(5) <span class= "bld">Thou shalt not come hither.</span>—A jeer. (Comp. <a href="/2_samuel/5-6.htm" title="And the king and his men went to Jerusalem to the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land: which spoke to David, saying, Except you take away the blind and the lame, you shall not come in here: thinking, David cannot come in here.">2Samuel 5:6</a>.) “And one spake unto David, saying, Thou shalt not come in hither. The blind and the lame will have kept thee out!” The Jebusites trusted in the strength of their fortress. Even the weakest defence would be sufficient to repel David’s assault.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-6.htm">1 Chronicles 11:6</a></div><div class="verse">And David said, Whosoever smiteth the Jebusites first shall be chief and captain. So Joab the son of Zeruiah went first up, and was chief.</div>(6) <span class= "bld">Whosoever smiteth the Jebusites first.</span>—The account diverges more and more from the parallel passage. <a href="/2_samuel/5-8.htm" title="And David said on that day, Whoever gets up to the gutter, and smites the Jebusites, and the lame and the blind that are hated of David's soul, he shall be chief and captain. Why they said, The blind and the lame shall not come into the house.">2Samuel 5:8</a>, reads, “And David said in that day, Whosoever smiteth the Jebusite, let him hurl down the waterfall (<a href="/psalms/42-7.htm" title="Deep calls to deep at the noise of your waterspouts: all your waves and your billows are gone over me.">Psalm 42:7</a>), both the lame and the blind, the hated of David’s soul! Therefore they say, Blind and lame must not enter the house” (<span class= "ital">i.e.,</span> the Temple). Such is the simplest rendering of an obscure, but evidently original record. The chronicler appears to have followed another and clearer account, which made Joab play at the storm of Jebus the part of Othniel at that of Kirjath-sepher (<a href="/context/judges/1-12.htm" title="And Caleb said, He that smites Kirjathsepher, and takes it, to him will I give Achsah my daughter to wife.">Judges 1:12-13</a>).<p><span class= "bld">Chief and captain.</span>—Literally, <span class= "ital">shall become a head and a captain.</span><p><span class= "bld">Joab the son of Zeruiah</span> is not mentioned at all in the parallel passage. Joab already appears as David’s general, while Ishbosheth is yet reigning at Mahanaim (<a href="/2_samuel/2-13.htm" title="And Joab the son of Zeruiah, and the servants of David, went out, and met together by the pool of Gibeon: and they sat down, the one on the one side of the pool, and the other on the other side of the pool.">2Samuel 2:13</a>; <a href="/2_samuel/3-23.htm" title="When Joab and all the host that was with him were come, they told Joab, saying, Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and he has sent him away, and he is gone in peace.">2Samuel 3:23</a>). Perhaps the phrase here used means head and governor of Jerusalem. (Comp. <a href="/1_chronicles/11-8.htm" title="And he built the city round about, even from Millo round about: and Joab repaired the rest of the city.">1Chronicles 11:8</a>.)<p><span class= "bld">Went up.</span>—Scaled the rampart, “and became a head.”<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-7.htm">1 Chronicles 11:7</a></div><div class="verse">And David dwelt in the castle; therefore they called it the city of David.</div>(7) <span class= "bld">Castle.</span>—<span class= "ital">Stronghold, fastness.</span> (Comp. <a href="/2_samuel/5-7.htm" title="Nevertheless David took the strong hold of Zion: the same is the city of David.">2Samuel 5:7</a>.) In <a href="/1_chronicles/11-5.htm" title="And the inhabitants of Jebus said to David, You shall not come here. Nevertheless David took the castle of Zion, which is the city of David.">1Chronicles 11:5</a> the form is <span class= "ital">meçûdāh,</span> here it is the rare masculine form, <span class= "ital">meçād:</span> comp. Ar. <span class= "ital">maçâd, cacumen montis.</span><p><span class= "bld">They called it.</span>—Samuel (Hebrew), “one called it;” both in a general sense.<p><span class= "bld">City.</span>—Comp. Greek, <span class= "ital">polis</span> = acropolis.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-8.htm">1 Chronicles 11:8</a></div><div class="verse">And he built the city round about, even from Millo round about: and Joab repaired the rest of the city.</div>(8) <span class= "bld">And he built the city round about.</span>—Literally, <span class= "ital">and he built</span> (or rebuilt or fortified) <span class= "ital">the city all round, from the Millo even unto the</span> (complete) <span class= "ital">round.</span> The Millo was probably a tower or citadel, like the Arx Antonia of later times. According to the chronicler David started from that point, and brought his line of defences round to it again. Samuel has simply, “And David built around, from the Millo, and inward.” This seems to mean that he carried his buildings from the fortress towards the interior of the city. Both statements may, of course, be true.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-9.htm">1 Chronicles 11:9</a></div><div class="verse">So David waxed greater and greater: for the LORD of hosts <i>was</i> with him.</div>(9) This verse corresponds word for word with Samuel, only omitting “God” after “Lord.” Literally, <span class= "ital">and David walked on, a walking and growing great</span>—a common Hebrew metaphor of gradual and progressive increase or decrease. (Comp. <a href="/genesis/8-5.htm" title="And the waters decreased continually until the tenth month: in the tenth month, on the first day of the month, were the tops of the mountains seen.">Genesis 8:5</a>, and the use of the term <span class= "ital">andante,</span> “walking,” in music.)<p><span class= "bld">Lord of hosts was with him.</span>—The Lord of Hosts is doubtless a contracted form of the fuller expression, Lord God of Hosts, as it appears in Samuel. The Lord (or God) of Hosts is <span class= "bld">a</span> title derived from God’s supremacy over the host of heaven, <span class= "ital">i.e.,</span> the stars, worshipped as deities by the races environing Israel, insomuch that the very word for <span class= "ital">God</span> in the old Babylonian is represented by a star (*); and in the later Assyrian character <span class= "ital">star</span> was represented by the symbol for <span class= "ital">God</span> thrice repeated. Assur, the supreme deity of the Assyrian Pantheon, is called in the inscriptions “king of the legions of heaven and earth,” or “of the great gods.” Similar titles were given to the Babylonian Nebo and Merodach. The Hebrew phrase is therefore, in one sense, equivalent to a concise assertion of the statement, “Jehovah your God is God of gods, and Lord of lords” (<a href="/deuteronomy/10-17.htm" title="For the LORD your God is God of gods, and Lord of lords, a great God, a mighty, and a terrible, which regards not persons, nor takes reward:">Deuteronomy 10:17</a> : comp. also <a href="/psalms/95-3.htm" title="For the LORD is a great God, and a great King above all gods.">Psalm 95:3</a>; <a href="/psalms/97-7.htm" title="Confounded be all they that serve graven images, that boast themselves of idols: worship him, all you gods.">Psalm 97:7</a>). That the hosts in question are the stars appears from <a href="/psalms/33-6.htm" title="By the word of the LORD were the heavens made; and all the host of them by the breath of his mouth.">Psalm 33:6</a>; <a href="/isaiah/40-26.htm" title="Lift up your eyes on high, and behold who has created these things, that brings out their host by number: he calls them all by names by the greatness of his might, for that he is strong in power; not one fails.">Isaiah 40:26</a>; <a href="/judges/5-20.htm" title="They fought from heaven; the stars in their courses fought against Sisera.">Judges 5:20</a>.<p>Very anciently the stars were conceived of as the army of heaven, marshalled in orderly array. (Comp. <a href="/isaiah/40-26.htm" title="Lift up your eyes on high, and behold who has created these things, that brings out their host by number: he calls them all by names by the greatness of his might, for that he is strong in power; not one fails.">Isaiah 40:26</a>; <a href="/isaiah/24-21.htm" title="And it shall come to pass in that day, that the LORD shall punish the host of the high ones that are on high, and the kings of the earth on the earth.">Isaiah 24:21</a>; <a href="/context/isaiah/14-12.htm" title="How are you fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! how are you cut down to the ground, which did weaken the nations!">Isaiah 14:12-13</a>.) The Lord of the hosts of heaven is <span class= "ital">à fortiori</span> Lord of all earthly hosts; hence the fitness of the phrase in passages like the present. Lastly, we may observe that it is a grand idea of revealed religion that He who guides the stars in their courses guides also the destinies of individual men, elevating one and abasing another, according to the eternal principles of goodness and truth (<a href="/isaiah/57-15.htm" title="For thus said the high and lofty One that inhabits eternity, whose name is Holy; I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also that is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones.">Isaiah 57:15</a>).<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-10.htm">1 Chronicles 11:10</a></div><div class="verse">These also <i>are</i> the chief of the mighty men whom David had, who strengthened themselves with him in his kingdom, <i>and</i> with all Israel, to make him king, according to the word of the LORD concerning Israel.</div>(10-44) <span class= "ital">X</span> list of the warriors who helped David to win and maintain his kingdom. This catalogue answers to that of <a href="/context/2_samuel/23-8.htm" title="These be the names of the mighty men whom David had: The Tachmonite that sat in the seat, chief among the captains; the same was Adino the Eznite: he lift up his spear against eight hundred, whom he slew at one time.">2Samuel 23:8-39</a>, which, however, breaks off with Uriah the Hittite; whereas our text communicates sixteen additional names. This fact proves that the chronicler had either a fuller source, or a different recension of Samuel. The numerous variant spellings are in general mistakes of transcription.<p>(10) <span class= "bld">These also are the chief of the mighty men.</span>—Rather, <span class= "ital">And these were the heads of the warriors</span> (<span class= "ital">i.e.,</span> the chief warriors, other warriors of lower rank being enumerated in 1 Chronicles 12) <span class= "ital">who showed themselves strong in his support</span> (with him, <a href="/daniel/10-21.htm" title="But I will show you that which is noted in the scripture of truth: and there is none that holds with me in these things, but Michael your prince.">Daniel 10:21</a>; <a href="/psalms/12-4.htm" title="Who have said, With our tongue will we prevail; our lips are our own: who is lord over us?">Psalm 12:4</a>), <span class= "ital">in the matter of his kingdom, in common with all Israel, in order to make him king</span> (and maintain him as such: comp. their exploits, noticed below). This description of the heroes is not given in Samuel, the connection there being different.<p><span class= "bld">According to the word of the Lord concerning Israel.</span>—Comp. Note on <a href="/1_chronicles/11-3.htm" title="Therefore came all the elders of Israel to the king to Hebron; and David made a covenant with them in Hebron before the LORD; and they anointed David king over Israel, according to the word of the LORD by Samuel.">1Chronicles 11:3</a>. David was made king (1) for his own sake. It was work for which he was best fitted, and a reward of his faithfulness. (2) For Israel’s sake: “So he led them with a faithful and true heart” (<a href="/context/psalms/78-70.htm" title="He chose David also his servant, and took him from the sheepfolds:">Psalm 78:70-72</a>).<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-11.htm">1 Chronicles 11:11</a></div><div class="verse">And this <i>is</i> the number of the mighty men whom David had; Jashobeam, an Hachmonite, the chief of the captains: he lifted up his spear against three hundred slain <i>by him</i> at one time.</div>(11) <span class= "bld">And this is the number of the mighty men.</span>—The heading of the catalogue in Samuel is merely, “These are the names of the warriors whom David had.” The chronicler resumes, after the parenthetic explanation of the last verse, with “These, the number of the warriors.” The word “number” (<span class= "ital">mispar</span>) seems to refer to the fact that the corps was originally known as the Thirty (comp. <a href="/1_chronicles/11-12.htm" title="And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo, the Ahohite, who was one of the three mighty men.">1Chronicles 11:12</a>). In <a href="/1_chronicles/12-23.htm" title="And these are the numbers of the bands that were ready armed to the war, and came to David to Hebron, to turn the kingdom of Saul to him, according to the word of the LORD.">1Chronicles 12:23</a>, the plural (<span class= "ital">misperê</span>) is used.<p><span class= "bld">Jashobeam, an Hachmonite.</span>—Literally, <span class= "ital">Jasho-beam, son of a Hakmonite;</span> but <span class= "ital">ben</span> may be spurious, as in <a href="/1_chronicles/9-7.htm" title="And of the sons of Benjamin; Sallu the son of Meshullam, the son of Hodaviah, the son of Hasenuah,">1Chronicles 9:7</a>, and <a href="/nehemiah/11-10.htm" title="Of the priests: Jedaiah the son of Joiarib, Jachin.">Nehemiah 11:10</a>. The Hebrew of <a href="/2_samuel/23-8.htm" title="These be the names of the mighty men whom David had: The Tachmonite that sat in the seat, chief among the captains; the same was Adino the Eznite: he lift up his spear against eight hundred, whom he slew at one time.">2Samuel 23:8</a> has <span class= "ital">yoshebbashshebeth Tahkemoni,</span> which has been supposed to be a corruption of <span class= "ital">Ishbosheth ha-hahmoni</span> (“Ishbosheth the Hachmonite”). If this guess be right, the Jashobeam of our text may be a disguise of Eshbaal. This seems to be borne out by the readings of the Vatican LXX<span class= "bld">.</span> here and at <a href="/1_chronicles/27-2.htm" title="Over the first course for the first month was Jashobeam the son of Zabdiel: and in his course were twenty and four thousand.">1Chronicles 27:2</a> : <span class= "greekheb">Ἰεσεβαὅά</span> and <span class= "greekheb">Ἰσβοάς</span><span class= "ital">.</span> The Alex. MS., however, reads <span class= "greekheb">Ἰσβαάμ</span> and <span class= "greekheb">Ἰσβοάμ</span><span class= "ital">,</span> that is, Jashobeam.<p><span class= "bld">The chief of the captains.</span>—The Hebrew text has “head of the Thirty,” and so the LXX. and Syriac. “Captains” (“knights,” or “members of the royal staff.”) is the reading of Samuel and the Hebrew margin here. The corps of the Thirty may also have been called the Knights; but the two Hebrew words might easily be confused (<span class= "ital">shelâshîm, shalîshîm</span>)<span class= "ital">.</span> It is possible that the original reading was “head of the Three” (<span class= "ital">shelôshah</span>)<span class= "ital">,</span> as <a href="/context/1_chronicles/11-11.htm" title="And this is the number of the mighty men whom David had; Jashobeam, an Hachmonite, the chief of the captains: he lifted up his spear against three hundred slain by him at one time.">1Chronicles 11:11-14</a> describe an exploit of three champions.<p><span class= "bld">He lifted up his spear.</span>—Literally, <span class= "ital">he it was who brandished his lance over three hundred slain in a single encounter.</span> Samuel says eight hundred, but. the text there is otherwise very faulty. Yet as <a href="/1_chronicles/11-20.htm" title="And Abishai the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three: for lifting up his spear against three hundred, he slew them, and had a name among the three.">1Chronicles 11:20</a> records that the lesser hero, Abishai, slew three hundred, the greater number may be correct here. (Comp. the like exploit of Shamgar (<a href="/judges/3-31.htm" title="And after him was Shamgar the son of Anath, which slew of the Philistines six hundred men with an ox goad: and he also delivered Israel.">Judges 3:31</a>), and the feats ascribed to Rameses II. and to the heroes of the Iliad.) A well-armed champion might cut down whole companies of ordinary fighting-men.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-12.htm">1 Chronicles 11:12</a></div><div class="verse">And after him <i>was</i> Eleazar the son of Dodo, the Ahohite, who <i>was one</i> of the three mighties.</div>(12) <span class= "bld">Eleazar the son of Dodo.</span>—For Dodo the LXX. has Dodai; so <a href="/1_chronicles/27-4.htm" title="And over the course of the second month was Dodai an Ahohite, and of his course was Mikloth also the ruler: in his course likewise were twenty and four thousand.">1Chronicles 27:4</a>, and the Hebrew text of Samuel; but Syriac and Vulgate “his uncle,” a translation of <span class= "ital">dodo.</span><p><span class= "bld">The Ahohite</span>—<span class= "ital">i.e.,</span> of the clan Ahoah; perhaps the Benjamite house of this name (<a href="/1_chronicles/8-4.htm" title="And Abishua, and Naaman, and Ahoah,">1Chronicles 8:4</a>).<p><span class= "bld">Who was one of the three mighties.</span>—“He was among the three heroes,” <span class= "ital">i.e.,</span> one of the first or leading trio of warriors, whose names were Jashobeam (Eshbaal), Eleazar, and Shammah (<a href="/2_samuel/23-11.htm" title="And after him was Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a piece of ground full of lentils: and the people fled from the Philistines.">2Samuel 23:11</a>).<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-13.htm">1 Chronicles 11:13</a></div><div class="verse">He was with David at Pasdammim, and there the Philistines were gathered together to battle, where was a parcel of ground full of barley; and the people fled from before the Philistines.</div>(13) <span class= "bld">He was with David at Pas-dammim.</span>—Or Ephes-dammim, between Shochoh and Azekah in the Mountains of Judah, where David encountered Goliath. The name does not now appear in <a href="/2_samuel/23-5.htm" title="Although my house be not so with God; yet he has made with me an everlasting covenant, ordered in all things, and sure: for this is all my salvation, and all my desire, although he make it not to grow.">2Samuel 23:5</a>, being probably concealed under the word rendered “when they defied.”<p><span class= "bld">And there the Philistines were gathered together to battle.</span>—After these words several lines have been lost, as may be seen by comparison of <a href="/context/2_samuel/23-9.htm" title="And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men with David, when they defied the Philistines that were there gathered together to battle, and the men of Israel were gone away:">2Samuel 23:9-10</a>. The text may be restored thus: “He was with David at Pas-dammim, and there the Philistines had gathered to the battle; and the men of Israel went up (perhaps, up the mountain side, in retreat). And he stood his ground, and smote the Philistines until his hand was benumbed, and clave to the sword. And Iahweh wrought a great victory on that day. And the people began returning (from flight) behind him only to spoil (the slain). And after him (was) Shammah ben Agê, an Hararite. And the Philistines gathered together unto Lehi (<a href="/judges/15-9.htm" title="Then the Philistines went up, and pitched in Judah, and spread themselves in Lehi.">Judges 15:9</a>). And there there was a parcel, etc.,” <a href="/1_chronicles/11-13.htm" title="He was with David at Pasdammim, and there the Philistines were gathered together to battle, where was a parcel of ground full of barley; and the people fled from before the Philistines.">1Chronicles 11:13</a>. The cause of this serious omission was perhaps the double occurrence of the phrase “the Philistines gathered together.” The eye of some copyist wandered from one to the other. What was originally told of Eleazar the second hero, was that his prowess turned the flight at Pas-dammim into a victory.<p><span class= "bld">Where was a parcel of ground full of barley.</span>—The scene of the exploit of the third hero, Shammah, son of Agê. Perhaps the Philistines were intent on carrying off the crop (<a href="/1_samuel/23-1.htm" title="Then they told David, saying, Behold, the Philistines fight against Keilah, and they rob the threshing floors.">1Samuel 23:1</a>). Samuel reads lentils. The Hebrew words for barley and lentils are very similar. We cannot tell which text is right.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-14.htm">1 Chronicles 11:14</a></div><div class="verse">And they set themselves in the midst of <i>that</i> parcel, and delivered it, and slew the Philistines; and the LORD saved <i>them</i> by a great deliverance.</div>(14) <span class= "bld">And they set themselves . . . and delivered . . . and slew.</span>—These verbs should be singular, as describing the exploit of Shammah (<a href="/2_samuel/23-12.htm" title="But he stood in the middle of the ground, and defended it, and slew the Philistines: and the LORD worked a great victory.">2Samuel 23:12</a>). After the omission just noticed had become perpetuated in the text, some editor must have altered the words into the plural, supposing that they referred to David and Eleazar (<a href="/1_chronicles/11-13.htm" title="He was with David at Pasdammim, and there the Philistines were gathered together to battle, where was a parcel of ground full of barley; and the people fled from before the Philistines.">1Chronicles 11:13</a>).<p><span class= "bld">Saved them.</span>—Samuel, “made a great deliverance”: transpose one letter, and the Hebrew words are identical. LXX. and Syriac agree with Samuel.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-15.htm">1 Chronicles 11:15</a></div><div class="verse">Now three of the thirty captains went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim.</div>(15-19) Three unnamed heroes who fetched water for David from the well at Bethlehem.<p>(15) <span class= "bld">Now three of the thirty captains.</span>—Literally, <span class= "ital">and a three out of the thirty chiefs went down;</span> a mode of description which appears to distinguish this trio from the former (<a href="/context/1_chronicles/11-11.htm" title="And this is the number of the mighty men whom David had; Jashobeam, an Hachmonite, the chief of the captains: he lifted up his spear against three hundred slain by him at one time.">1Chronicles 11:11-14</a>). The form of the verb, however, connects this exploit with the same war. (Comp. <a href="/context/2_samuel/23-13.htm" title="And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time to the cave of Adullam: and the troop of the Philistines pitched in the valley of Rephaim.">2Samuel 23:13-17</a>.)<p><span class= "bld">To the rock.</span>—’<span class= "ital">Al haç-çûr</span> (later use of ‘<span class= "ital">al</span>, “on”). Samuel has “at (or towards) harvest,” <span class= "ital">‘el qaçir.</span> In Hebrew writing the phrases are very similar. Our phrase looks like a correction of that in Samuel. At any rate, the Syriac, Targum, Arabic, and probably the LXX., read <span class= "ital">qaçir</span> in the MSS. of Samuel. Here the LXX. has “to the rock;” Syriac omits the phrase.<p><span class= "bld">Cave of Adullam.</span>—See <a href="/1_samuel/22-1.htm" title="David therefore departed there, and escaped to the cave Adullam: and when his brothers and all his father's house heard it, they went down thither to him.">1Samuel 22:1</a>.<p><span class= "bld">Encamped.</span>—<span class= "ital">Were camping.</span><p><span class= "bld">Valley of Rephaim.</span>—See <a href="/joshua/15-8.htm" title="And the border went up by the valley of the son of Hinnom to the south side of the Jebusite; the same is Jerusalem: and the border went up to the top of the mountain that lies before the valley of Hinnom westward, which is at the end of the valley of the giants northward:">Joshua 15:8</a>, Note. It lay south-west of Jerusalem, in the direction of Bethlehem. It may have got its name from the aboriginal Rephaim, <a href="/deuteronomy/3-11.htm" title="For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of giants; behold his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; is it not in Rabbath of the children of Ammon? nine cubits was the length thereof, and four cubits the breadth of it, after the cubit of a man.">Deuteronomy 3:11</a> (Authorised Version, giants), <a href="/joshua/17-15.htm" title="And Joshua answered them, If you be a great people, then get you up to the wood country, and cut down for yourself there in the land of the Perizzites and of the giants, if mount Ephraim be too narrow for you.">Joshua 17:15</a>. It was a rich corn land (<a href="/isaiah/13-5.htm" title="They come from a far country, from the end of heaven, even the LORD, and the weapons of his indignation, to destroy the whole land.">Isaiah 13:5</a>). (Comp. <a href="/1_chronicles/11-13.htm" title="He was with David at Pasdammim, and there the Philistines were gathered together to battle, where was a parcel of ground full of barley; and the people fled from before the Philistines.">1Chronicles 11:13</a>.)<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-16.htm">1 Chronicles 11:16</a></div><div class="verse">And David <i>was</i> then in the hold, and the Philistines' garrison <i>was</i> then at Bethlehem.</div>(16) <span class= "bld">The hold.</span>—The stronghold or rock-fortress of Adullam (<a href="/2_samuel/5-17.htm" title="But when the Philistines heard that they had anointed David king over Israel, all the Philistines came up to seek David; and David heard of it, and went down to the hold.">2Samuel 5:17</a>; <a href="/2_samuel/23-14.htm" title="And David was then in an hold, and the garrison of the Philistines was then in Bethlehem.">2Samuel 23:14</a>).<p><span class= "bld">The Philistines’ garrison.</span>—An outpost; for their army was camping near Jerusalem.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-17.htm">1 Chronicles 11:17</a></div><div class="verse">And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Bethlehem, that <i>is</i> at the gate!</div>(17) <span class= "bld">That is at</span> (in) <span class= "bld">the gate !</span>—No such well is now known. The so-called “David’s well” is half a mile north-east of the town.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-18.htm">1 Chronicles 11:18</a></div><div class="verse">And the three brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Bethlehem, that <i>was</i> by the gate, and took <i>it</i>, and brought <i>it</i> to David: but David would not drink <i>of</i> it, but poured it out to the LORD,</div>(18) <span class= "bld">Brake through the host.</span>—Not the main army, but the outpost in front of Bethlehem. There were heroes before Agamemnon, and there was chivalry before the Crusades.<p><span class= "bld">By the gate.</span>—Heb., <span class= "ital">in.</span><p><span class= "bld">Poured it out.</span>—As a libation or drink-offering. The technical term is used, as in <a href="/genesis/35-14.htm" title="And Jacob set up a pillar in the place where he talked with him, even a pillar of stone: and he poured a drink offering thereon, and he poured oil thereon.">Genesis 35:14</a>. An act of free sacrifice, done under a sudden impulse of thankfulness, and not according to any formal prescription of the Law.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-19.htm">1 Chronicles 11:19</a></div><div class="verse">And said, My God forbid it me, that I should do this thing: shall I drink the blood of these men that have put their lives in jeopardy? for with <i>the jeopardy of</i> their lives they brought it. Therefore he would not drink it. These things did these three mightiest.</div>(19) <span class= "bld">Shall I drink the blood of</span> these <span class= "bld">men?</span>—Literally, <span class= "ital">the blood of these men should I drink in their lives</span> (souls)?<p><span class= "bld">Their lives</span> appears to be spurious here, as it occurs again immediately, and is read only once in Samuel. David regards the water as blood: it had been obtained at the hazard of life, and “the life is the blood” (<a href="/genesis/9-4.htm" title="But flesh with the life thereof, which is the blood thereof, shall you not eat.">Genesis 9:4</a>). The question in Samuel runs: “The blood of the men who went in (= at the risk of) their lives?” The verb seems to have fallen out by accident.<p><span class= "bld">For with the jeopardy of their</span> <span class= "bld">lives they</span> <span class= "bld">brought it.</span>—Literally, <span class= "ital">in their lives.</span> This remark is not found in Samuel, and looks like an explanation of the words, “shall I drink the blood of these men?”<p><span class= "bld">These things did these three mightiest.</span>—Rather, <span class= "ital">these things did the three mighty men</span> (or, <span class= "ital">warriors</span>)<span class= "ital">.</span> The Hebrew text of this narrative presents only a few verbal differences from <a href="/context/2_samuel/23-13.htm" title="And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time to the cave of Adullam: and the troop of the Philistines pitched in the valley of Rephaim.">2Samuel 23:13-17</a>.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-20.htm">1 Chronicles 11:20</a></div><div class="verse">And Abishai the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three: for lifting up his spear against three hundred, he slew <i>them</i>, and had a name among the three.</div>(20-25) Feats of Abishai and Benaiah. (Comp. <a href="/context/2_samuel/23-18.htm" title="And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief among three. And he lifted up his spear against three hundred, and slew them, and had the name among three.">2Samuel 23:18-23</a>, of which the present passage is little more than a duplicate.)<p>(20) <span class= "bld">Abishai the brother of Joab.</span>—Heb., Abshai, but in Samuel, Abishai. (Comp. Abram and Abiram.) Samuel adds “son of Zeruiah” after Joab. (Comp. <a href="/1_chronicles/2-16.htm" title="Whose sisters were Zeruiah, and Abigail. And the sons of Zeruiah; Abishai, and Joab, and Asahel, three.">1Chronicles 2:16</a> and <a href="/1_chronicles/18-12.htm" title="Moreover Abishai the son of Zeruiah slew of the Edomites in the valley of salt eighteen thousand.">1Chronicles 18:12</a>; <a href="/1_chronicles/19-11.htm" title="And the rest of the people he delivered to the hand of Abishai his brother, and they set themselves in array against the children of Ammon.">1Chronicles 19:11</a> ff. for other deeds of Abishai.)<p><span class= "bld">He was chief of the three.</span>—Apparently the second triad, one of whose famous exploits has just been related (<a href="/context/1_chronicles/11-15.htm" title="Now three of the thirty captains went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim.">1Chronicles 11:15-19</a>). The Hebrew text of Samuel seems to read “knights,” but some MSS., the Hebrew margin, and all the versions, agree with Chronicles.<p><span class= "bld">For lifting up . . .</span>—Literally, <span class= "ital">and he had bran. dished his spear over three hundred slain.</span> The exploit of Jashobeam (<a href="/1_chronicles/11-11.htm" title="And this is the number of the mighty men whom David had; Jashobeam, an Hachmonite, the chief of the captains: he lifted up his spear against three hundred slain by him at one time.">1Chronicles 11:11</a>).<p><span class= "bld">And had a name among the three.</span>—That is, among the second triad, of which he was captain.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-21.htm">1 Chronicles 11:21</a></div><div class="verse">Of the three, he was more honourable than the two; for he was their captain: howbeit he attained not to the <i>first</i> three.</div>(21) <span class= "bld">Of the three, he was more honourable than the two.</span>—The Hebrew text here varies from Samuel, which has “Above (or out of) the three, was he not honoured? <span class= "ital">n</span> The reading of Chronicles seems to be an exegetical alteration of this, and should probably be rendered, “Above the three of the second rank he was honoured,” i.e., he was the most honoured member of the second triad. So the Vulg., <span class= "ital">et inter tres secun-dos inclitus.</span> The LXX. has <span class= "greekheb">ἀπὸ τῶν τριῶν ὑπὲρ δύο ένδοξος</span> (“Of the three, renowned above the two”). But the Hebrew expression, which means literally, “in the two,” seems plainly to indicate a second group of three. Otherwise, we might translate: “Of the three he was honoured among the two,” that is, above the other two members of his triad. Both here and in <a href="/1_chronicles/11-20.htm" title="And Abishai the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three: for lifting up his spear against three hundred, he slew them, and had a name among the three.">1Chronicles 11:20</a> the Syriac reads thirty instead of three: “Above the thirty he was honoured, and he became chief over them and warlike; the thirty he used to make” (<a href="/1_chronicles/11-21.htm" title="Of the three, he was more honorable than the two; for he was their captain: however, he attained not to the first three.">1Chronicles 11:21</a>). The Arabic is more correct: “And he was mightier than the two, and chief over them twain, and he came not to the three.”<p><span class= "bld">Howbeit he attained not . . .</span>—Literally, <span class= "ital">but to the three he came not, i.e.,</span> the first triad of warriors (<a href="/context/1_chronicles/11-11.htm" title="And this is the number of the mighty men whom David had; Jashobeam, an Hachmonite, the chief of the captains: he lifted up his spear against three hundred slain by him at one time.">1Chronicles 11:11-14</a>).<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-22.htm">1 Chronicles 11:22</a></div><div class="verse">Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, who had done many acts; he slew two lionlike men of Moab: also he went down and slew a lion in a pit in a snowy day.</div>(22-25) <span class= "bld">Benaiah the son of Jehoiada.</span>—Captain of the royal guard (<a href="/1_chronicles/18-17.htm" title="And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and the sons of David were chief about the king.">1Chronicles 18:17</a>) and third “captain of the host” (<a href="/context/1_chronicles/27-5.htm" title="The third captain of the host for the third month was Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, a chief priest: and in his course were twenty and four thousand.">1Chronicles 27:5-6</a>).<p><span class= "bld">Son of a valiant man.</span>—“Son” is probably a spurious addition here, as elsewhere. The Syriac has “Benaiah son of Joiada, a strong warrior.” The LXX., however, reads, “son of a mighty man.”<p><span class= "bld">Kabzeel.</span>—A town of southern Judah, site unknown (<a href="/joshua/15-21.htm" title="And the uttermost cities of the tribe of the children of Judah toward the coast of Edom southward were Kabzeel, and Eder, and Jagur,">Joshua 15:21</a>); <a href="/nehemiah/11-25.htm" title="And for the villages, with their fields, some of the children of Judah dwelled at Kirjatharba, and in the villages thereof, and at Dibon, and in the villages thereof, and at Jekabzeel, and in the villages thereof,">Nehemiah 11:25</a> (Jekabzeel).<p><span class= "bld">Who had done many acts.</span>—The margin is correct. This poetic phrase only occurs in this and the parallel passage.<p><span class= "bld">He slew two lionlike men of Moab.</span>—See <a href="/1_chronicles/18-2.htm" title="And he smote Moab; and the Moabites became David's servants, and brought gifts.">1Chronicles 18:2</a>. So the Syriac: “He slew two giants of Moab.” The Hebrew has, “He smote the two Ariel of Moab.” Ariel, “lion of God”—a title of heroes with the Arabs and Persians—appears to be used as an appellative (<a href="/isaiah/33-7.htm" title="Behold, their valiant ones shall cry without: the ambassadors of peace shall weep bitterly.">Isaiah 33:7</a>): “Lo, the heroes (<span class= "ital">‘arîêlîm</span>) cry without!” (Heb.) The LXX. of <a href="/2_samuel/23-20.htm" title="And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man, of Kabzeel, who had done many acts, he slew two lion like men of Moab: he went down also and slew a lion in the middle of a pit in time of snow:">2Samuel 23:20</a> reads, “The two sons of Ariel of Moab;” whence some think that Ariel denotes here the king of Moab; but the former sense is better.<p><span class= "bld">Also he went down and slew a lion.</span>—Literally, <span class= "ital">And he </span>(<span class= "ital">it was who</span>)<span class= "ital"> went down and smote the lion in the middle of the cistern in the day of snow.</span> The article pointedly refers to some well-known feat of Benaiah’s.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-23.htm">1 Chronicles 11:23</a></div><div class="verse">And he slew an Egyptian, a man of <i>great</i> stature, five cubits high; and in the Egyptian's hand <i>was</i> a spear like a weaver's beam; and he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out of the Egyptian's hand, and slew him with his own spear.</div>(23) <span class= "bld">And he slew an Egyptian</span> <span class= "bld">. . .</span>—Literally, <span class= "ital">and he it was who smote the Egyptian, a man of measure, five in the cubit.</span> Samuel has only “who (was) a sight;” or “a man to look at” (Heb. margin). The chronicler says why.<p><span class= "bld">Like a weaver’s beam.</span>—Not in Samuel. Perhaps due to a recollection of the combat of David and Goliath. (Comp. also <a href="/2_samuel/21-19.htm" title="And there was again a battle in Gob with the Philistines, where Elhanan the son of Jaareoregim, a Bethlehemite, slew the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver's beam.">2Samuel 21:19</a>.) Yet the LXX. of <a href="/2_samuel/23-21.htm" title="And he slew an Egyptian, a goodly man: and the Egyptian had a spear in his hand; but he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out of the Egyptian's hand, and slew him with his own spear.">2Samuel 23:21</a> has “like the beam of a ship’s ladder” (<span class= "greekheb">ξύλον διαβάθρας</span>)<span class= "ital">;</span> and this may be original.<p><span class= "bld">Went down.</span>—To the combat. (Comp. Latin: <span class= "ital">descendere in aciem,</span> &c.) The <span class= "ital">staff </span>(<span class= "ital">shēbet</span>) of Benaiah differs from David’s (<span class= "ital">maqqēl,</span> <a href="/1_samuel/17-40.htm" title="And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth stones out of the brook, and put them in a shepherd's bag which he had, even in a money; and his sling was in his hand: and he drew near to the Philistine.">1Samuel 17:40</a>; <a href="/1_samuel/17-43.htm" title="And the Philistine said to David, Am I a dog, that you come to me with staves? And the Philistine cursed David by his gods.">1Samuel 17:43</a>); and the similarity of the two accounts, so far as it extends, is a similarity not of fiction, but of fact.<p><span class= "bld">With a staff.</span>—Rather, <span class= "ital">the staff,</span> which he happened to carry.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-24.htm">1 Chronicles 11:24</a></div><div class="verse">These <i>things</i> did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had the name among the three mighties.</div>(24) <span class= "bld">And had the name.</span>—Literally, <span class= "ital">and to him </span>(<span class= "ital">was</span>)<span class= "ital"> a name among the three heroes,</span> viz., the second triad.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-25.htm">1 Chronicles 11:25</a></div><div class="verse">Behold, he was honourable among the thirty, but attained not to the <i>first</i> three: and David set him over his guard.</div>(25) <span class= "bld">Behold, he was honourable among the</span> <span class= "bld">thirty.</span>—Rather, <span class= "ital">above the thirty behold he was honoured.</span><p><span class= "bld">But attained not to the first three.</span>—For he was a member of the second triad of heroes. The third member is omitted here, as in the case of the first triad.<p><span class= "bld">Over his guard.</span>—Literally, <span class= "ital">over his obedience;</span> an abstract for concrete, as in <a href="/isaiah/11-14.htm" title="But they shall fly on the shoulders of the Philistines toward the west; they shall spoil them of the east together: they shall lay their hand on Edom and Moab; and the children of Ammon shall obey them.">Isaiah 11:14</a> (= vassals). The Cherethites and Pelethites, a small corps probably of foreigners, who constituted David’s body-guard, and were under his direct orders, appear to be meant here. (See <a href="/2_samuel/8-18.htm" title="And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over both the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and David's sons were chief rulers.">2Samuel 8:18</a>; <a href="/2_samuel/20-23.htm" title="Now Joab was over all the host of Israel: and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and over the Pelethites:">2Samuel 20:23</a>.) The word has this precise sense only in this place and its parallel.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-26.htm">1 Chronicles 11:26</a></div><div class="verse">Also the valiant men of the armies <i>were</i>, Asahel the brother of Joab, Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem,</div>(26-47) A catalogue of forty-eight “doughty warriors.” Sixteen names are here added to the list as given in Samuel. The chronicler, therefore, possessed a source more complete than our Book of Samuel. Variations of spelling abound in the names common to the two texts, the transcription of proper names being especially liable to error.<p>(26) <span class= "bld">Also the valiant men of the armies.</span>—The Heb. phrase has this meaning (<a href="/1_chronicles/12-8.htm" title="And of the Gadites there separated themselves to David into the hold to the wilderness men of might, and men of war fit for the battle, that could handle shield and buckler, whose faces were like the faces of lions, and were as swift as the roes on the mountains;">1Chronicles 12:8</a>); but elsewhere it denotes “valiant heroes” (<a href="/1_chronicles/7-5.htm" title="And their brothers among all the families of Issachar were valiant men of might, reckoned in all by their genealogies fourscore and seven thousand.">1Chronicles 7:5</a>; <a href="/1_chronicles/7-7.htm" title="And the sons of Bela; Ezbon, and Uzzi, and Uzziel, and Jerimoth, and Iri, five; heads of the house of their fathers, mighty men of valor; and were reckoned by their genealogies twenty and two thousand and thirty and four.">1Chronicles 7:7</a>, &c). and so here. <a href="/2_samuel/23-24.htm" title="Asahel the brother of Joab was one of the thirty; Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem,">2Samuel 23:24</a> has “Asahel brother of Joab was among the thirty.” It thus appears that the warriors of this list are none other than the famous baud of thirty warriors already spoken of (<a href="/1_chronicles/11-15.htm" title="Now three of the thirty captains went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim.">1Chronicles 11:15</a>; <a href="/1_chronicles/11-25.htm" title="Behold, he was honorable among the thirty, but attained not to the first three: and David set him over his guard.">1Chronicles 11:25</a>). From having been the original number, <span class= "ital">thirty</span> may have become the conventional name of the corps even when its limits had been enlarged. It is notice. able that so far as to <a href="/1_chronicles/11-41.htm" title="Uriah the Hittite, Zabad the son of Ahlai,">1Chronicles 11:41</a> the heroes are arranged in pairs, and that the gentilic or cantonal name is usually added to that of the hero. They mostly belong to Judah and Benjamin; whereas the sixteen additional names, so far as known, belong to the transjordanic tribes, and the northern tribes are not represented at all.<p><span class= "bld">Elhanan.</span>—<span class= "ital">Dodo</span> is very much like <span class= "ital">David.</span> Is this a third <span class= "ital">alias</span> of the slayer of Goliath? See Note on <a href="/1_chronicles/20-5.htm" title="And there was war again with the Philistines; and Elhanan the son of Jair slew Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, whose spear staff was like a weaver's beam.">1Chronicles 20:5</a>.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-27.htm">1 Chronicles 11:27</a></div><div class="verse">Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite,</div>(27) <span class= "bld">Shammoth the Harorite.</span>—Samuel has “Shammah (of which Shammoth is plural) the Harodite.” A place called Harod occurs in <a href="/judges/7-1.htm" title="Then Jerubbaal, who is Gideon, and all the people that were with him, rose up early, and pitched beside the well of Harod: so that the host of the Midianites were on the north side of them, by the hill of Moreh, in the valley.">Judges 7:1</a>. (Comp. also <a href="/1_chronicles/27-8.htm" title="The fifth captain for the fifth month was Shamhuth the Izrahite: and in his course were twenty and four thousand.">1Chronicles 27:8</a>, Note.) <a href="/2_samuel/23-26.htm" title="Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,">2Samuel 23:26</a> adds another Harodite, Elika (? Elikam), omitted here by accident.<p><span class= "bld">Helez the Pelonite.</span>—Samuel, “the Paltite,” perhaps more correctly. The Syriac and Arabic read “of Palton” and “Faltûna.” Bethpelet was a town of Judah (<a href="/nehemiah/11-26.htm" title="And at Jeshua, and at Moladah, and at Bethphelet,">Nehemiah 11:26</a>), but <a href="/1_chronicles/27-10.htm" title="The seventh captain for the seventh month was Helez the Pelonite, of the children of Ephraim: and in his course were twenty and four thousand.">1Chronicles 27:10</a> calls Helez “the Pelonite of the sons of Ephraim.” The Heb. <span class= "ital">peloni</span> (Authorised Version, Pelonite), means <span class= "ital">so-and-so,</span> and may be a scribe’s substitute for an illegible name.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-28.htm">1 Chronicles 11:28</a></div><div class="verse">Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, Abiezer the Antothite,</div>(28) <span class= "bld">Ira . . . Tekoite,</span> of Tekoa, in Judah. Abi-ezer, of Anathoth, in Benjamin. (Comp. <a href="/1_chronicles/27-9.htm" title="The sixth captain for the sixth month was Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite: and in his course were twenty and four thousand.">1Chronicles 27:9</a>; <a href="/1_chronicles/27-19.htm" title="Of Zebulun, Ishmaiah the son of Obadiah: of Naphtali, Jerimoth the son of Azriel:">1Chronicles 27:19</a>.)<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-29.htm">1 Chronicles 11:29</a></div><div class="verse">Sibbecai the Hushathite, Ilai the Ahohite,</div>(29) <span class= "bld">Sibbecai.</span>—The correct name. (See <a href="/1_chronicles/27-11.htm" title="The eighth captain for the eighth month was Sibbecai the Hushathite, of the Zarhites: and in his course were twenty and four thousand.">1Chronicles 27:11</a>.) He slew the giant Saph (<a href="/2_samuel/21-18.htm" title="And it came to pass after this, that there was again a battle with the Philistines at Gob: then Sibbechai the Hushathite slew Saph, which was of the sons of the giant.">2Samuel 21:18</a>). Samuel calls him Mebunnai, by confusion of similar letters. Sibbecai was a Zarhite, <span class= "ital">i.e.,</span> of clan Zerah. Hushah, his township, was in Judah (<a href="/1_chronicles/4-4.htm" title="And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah, the father of Bethlehem.">1Chronicles 4:4</a>).<p><span class= "bld">Ilai.</span>—Samuel has Zalmon, which may be correct, letters having faded.<p><span class= "bld">Ahohite.</span>—See <a href="/1_chronicles/11-12.htm" title="And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo, the Ahohite, who was one of the three mighty men.">1Chronicles 11:12</a>.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-30.htm">1 Chronicles 11:30</a></div><div class="verse">Maharai the Netophathite, Heled the son of Baanah the Netophathite,</div>(30) Maharai the Netophathite, of Netophah, a Levitical canton (<a href="/1_chronicles/9-16.htm" title="And Obadiah the son of Shemaiah, the son of Galal, the son of Jeduthun, and Berechiah the son of Asa, the son of Elkanah, that dwelled in the villages of the Netophathites.">1Chronicles 9:16</a>). By family Maharai was a Zarhite (<a href="/1_chronicles/27-13.htm" title="The tenth captain for the tenth month was Maharai the Netophathite, of the Zarhites: and in his course were twenty and four thousand.">1Chronicles 27:13</a>).<p><span class= "bld">Heled.</span>—More correct than (Heleb) Samuel. Called Heldai (<a href="/1_chronicles/27-15.htm" title="The twelfth captain for the twelfth month was Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel: and in his course were twenty and four thousand.">1Chronicles 27:15</a>). He was of the clan Othniel.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-31.htm">1 Chronicles 11:31</a></div><div class="verse">Ithai the son of Ribai of Gibeah, <i>that pertained</i> to the children of Benjamin, Benaiah the Pirathonite,</div>(31) <span class= "bld">Ithai.</span>—Samuel, “Ittai,” an older pronunciation. Not to be confused with “Ittai the Gittite” (<a href="/2_samuel/15-19.htm" title="Then said the king to Ittai the Gittite, Why go you also with us? return to your place, and abide with the king: for you are a stranger, and also an exile.">2Samuel 15:19</a>).<p><span class= "bld">Gibeah . . . of Benjamin </span>was near Ramah.<p><span class= "bld">Benaiah the Pirathonite.</span>—<a href="/1_chronicles/27-14.htm" title="The eleventh captain for the eleventh month was Benaiah the Pirathonite, of the children of Ephraim: and in his course were twenty and four thousand.">1Chronicles 27:14</a>. Of course different from Benaiah son of Jehoiada. “Pirathon in the land of Ephraim” (<a href="/judges/12-15.htm" title="And Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite died, and was buried in Pirathon in the land of Ephraim, in the mount of the Amalekites.">Judges 12:15</a>) may be the modern <span class= "ital">Ferâta,</span> south-west of Shechem.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-32.htm">1 Chronicles 11:32</a></div><div class="verse">Hurai of the brooks of Gaash, Abiel the Arbathite,</div>(32) <span class= "bld">Hurai of the brooks of Gaash</span> seems better than “Hiddai” (Samuel), cf. “Hur” (<a href="/exodus/17-10.htm" title="So Joshua did as Moses had said to him, and fought with Amalek: and Moses, Aaron, and Hur went up to the top of the hill.">Exodus 17:10</a>). “d” and “r” are often confused in Hebrew writing.<p><span class= "bld">Brooks.</span>—Heb., <span class= "ital">Nahalê</span> (gullies or wadys). Nahalê-Gaash was no doubt a place on or near Mount Gaash (<a href="/joshua/24-30.htm" title="And they buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnathserah, which is in mount Ephraim, on the north side of the hill of Gaash.">Joshua 24:30</a>) in the highland of Ephraim, but the site is not identified.<p><span class= "bld">Abiel the Arbathite.</span>—Samuel, “Abi-’albon.” Perhaps Abi-baal was the original reading, which was corrupted in the text of Samuel, and altered by the chronicler’s authority after the manner of Beeliada—Eliada.<p><span class= "bld">Arbathite</span>—of “Beth-arabah” (<a href="/joshua/15-62.htm" title="And Nibshan, and the city of Salt, and Engedi; six cities with their villages.">Joshua 15:62</a>), in the desert of Judah.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-33.htm">1 Chronicles 11:33</a></div><div class="verse">Azmaveth the Baharumite, Eliahba the Shaalbonite,</div>(33) <span class= "bld">Baharumite</span>—of Bahurim, the town of Shimei (<a href="/2_samuel/16-5.htm" title="And when king David came to Bahurim, behold, there came out a man of the family of the house of Saul, whose name was Shimei, the son of Gera: he came forth, and cursed still as he came.">2Samuel 16:5</a>; <a href="/2_samuel/3-16.htm" title="And her husband went with her along weeping behind her to Bahurim. Then said Abner to him, Go, return. And he returned.">2Samuel 3:16</a>), in Benjamin. Samuel has the transposed form, “Barhumite.”<p><span class= "bld">Eliahba</span>—<span class= "ital">God hideth.</span><p><span class= "bld">Shaalbonite</span>—of Shaalbim (Judges i 35; <a href="/joshua/19-42.htm" title="And Shaalabbin, and Ajalon, and Jethlah,">Joshua 19:42</a>), a Danite town near Ajalon.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-34.htm">1 Chronicles 11:34</a></div><div class="verse">The sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shage the Hararite,</div>(34) <span class= "bld">The sons of Hashem the Gizonite.</span>—Samuel has “the sons of Jashen, Jonathan” (Heb.). Here the Syriac and Arabic have “the sons of Shëm of ‘Azun, Jonathan son of Shaga of Mount Carmel.” The word “sons” (<span class= "ital">bnê</span>) is an accidental repetition of the last three letters of the Hebrew word for Shaalbonite. “Jashen the Gizonite” is probably the right reading.<p><span class= "bld">Jonathan the son of Shage the Hararite.</span>—This appears more correct than the text of Samuel, “Shammah the Hararite.” “Shammah son of Age the Hararite” was the third hero of the first triad (<a href="/2_samuel/23-11.htm" title="And after him was Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a piece of ground full of lentils: and the people fled from the Philistines.">2Samuel 23:11</a>). Perhaps, therefore, the original reading here was “Jonathan son of Age (or Shammah) the Hararite.” The Syriac and Arabic, however, support Shage.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-35.htm">1 Chronicles 11:35</a></div><div class="verse">Ahiam the son of Sacar the Hararite, Eliphal the son of Ur,</div>(35) <span class= "bld">Sacar</span> (<span class= "ital">wages</span>) is probably right, not “Sharar” (Samuel). LXX. Vat. has “Achar,” but Alex. “Sachar.” Syriac, “Sacham.”<p>Instead of Hararite, Samuel has “Ararite,” or “Adrite” (Syr.).<p><span class= "bld">Eliphal, the son of Ur.</span>—Instead of this, Samuel reads, “Eliphelet son of Ahasbai son of the Maachathite.” Eliphelet (the name of a son of David) seems right.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-36.htm">1 Chronicles 11:36</a></div><div class="verse">Hepher the Mecherathite, Ahijah the Pelonite,</div>(36) <span class= "bld">Hepher the Mecherathite.</span>—Wanting in the present text of Samuel. Mecherah is unknown as a place, and a comparison with Samuel (<a href="/1_chronicles/11-34.htm" title="The sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shage the Hararite,">1Chronicles 11:34</a>) suggests “Hepher the Maachathite,”<span class= "ital"> i.e.,</span> of Abelbeth-Maachah, or perhaps the Syrian state of Maachah (<a href="/2_samuel/10-8.htm" title="And the children of Ammon came out, and put the battle in array at the entering in of the gate: and the Syrians of Zoba, and of Rehob, and Ishtob, and Maacah, were by themselves in the field.">2Samuel 10:8</a>).<p><span class= "bld">Ahijah the Pelonite.</span>—Instead of this Samuel has “Eliam son of Ahithophel the Gilonite.” For Ahithophel, see <a href="/2_samuel/15-31.htm" title="And one told David, saying, Ahithophel is among the conspirators with Absalom. And David said, O LORD, I pray you, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness.">2Samuel 15:31</a>.<p><span class= "bld">The Pelonite</span>—<span class= "ital">i.e., so-and-so,</span> may indicate either that Ahithophel’s name had become obscure in the chronicler’s MS., or that he was unwilling to mention the traitor. Ahijah (<span class= "ital">Jah is a brother</span>) and Eliam (<span class= "ital">God is a kinsman</span>) might be names of one person.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-37.htm">1 Chronicles 11:37</a></div><div class="verse">Hezro the Carmelite, Naarai the son of Ezbai,</div>(37) <span class= "bld">Hezro.</span>—Syriac, “Hezri” and so perhaps Samuel, margin; but Samuel, text, “Hezro.”<p><span class= "bld">Carmelite.</span>—Of Carmel (<span class= "ital">Karmul</span>)<span class= "ital">,</span> a town south of Hebron (<a href="/joshua/15-55.htm" title="Maon, Carmel, and Ziph, and Juttah,">Joshua 15:55</a>).<p><span class= "bld">Naarai the son of Ezbai.</span>—Samuel, “Paarah the Arbite.” Arab also was a town south of Hebron, in the hill country of Judah (<a href="/joshua/15-52.htm" title="Arab, and Dumah, and Eshean,">Joshua 15:52</a>).<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-38.htm">1 Chronicles 11:38</a></div><div class="verse">Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar the son of Haggeri,</div>(38) <span class= "bld">Joel the brother of Nathan.</span>—Samuel, “Jigal (a name found in <a href="/numbers/13-7.htm" title="Of the tribe of Issachar, Igal the son of Joseph.">Numbers 13:7</a>) son of Nathan of Zobah.” This is probably correct. Zobah was a Syrian state.<p><span class= "bld">Mibhar the son of Haggeri.</span>—“Mibhar” (<span class= "ital">choice</span>) is unlikely as a proper name, and is probably a corruption of <span class= "ital">Miçcobah, </span>“of Zobah,” as in Samuel. After this word Samuel adds “Bani the Gadite.” The name “Bani” has fallen out of our text. “Haggeri” is an easy corruption of <span class= "ital">Haggadi</span> “the Gadite.”<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-39.htm">1 Chronicles 11:39</a></div><div class="verse">Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Berothite, the armourbearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah,</div>(39) <span class= "bld">Zelek the Ammonite.</span>—Many of David’s warriors were aliens. (Comp. “Uriah the Hittite;” “Ittai the Gittite;” and “Ithmah the Moabite,” <a href="/1_chronicles/11-46.htm" title="Eliel the Mahavite, and Jeribai, and Joshaviah, the sons of Elnaam, and Ithmah the Moabite,">1Chronicles 11:46</a>.<p><span class= "bld">Berothite.</span>—Of Beeroth in Benjamin (<a href="/joshua/18-25.htm" title="Gibeon, and Ramah, and Beeroth,">Joshua 18:25</a>).<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-40.htm">1 Chronicles 11:40</a></div><div class="verse">Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,</div>(40) <span class= "bld">The Ithrite.</span>—Of Jether, one of the clans of Kirjath-jearim (<a href="/1_chronicles/2-53.htm" title="And the families of Kirjathjearim; the Ithrites, and the Puhites, and the Shumathites, and the Mishraites; of them came the Zareathites, and the Eshtaulites,">1Chronicles 2:53</a>).<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-41.htm">1 Chronicles 11:41</a></div><div class="verse">Uriah the Hittite, Zabad the son of Ahlai,</div>(41) <span class= "bld">Uriah the Hittite.</span>—His history, omitted by Chronicles, is told in 2 Samuel 11. The list of heroes in Samuel closes with this name, adding by way of summation, “all, thirty and seven.”<p>The sixteen names which follow may indicate a later revision of the catalogue. They are not given elsewhere.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-42.htm">1 Chronicles 11:42</a></div><div class="verse">Adina the son of Shiza the Reubenite, a captain of the Reubenites, and thirty with him,</div>(42) <span class= "bld">A captain of the Reubenites</span> (or, <span class= "ital">chief;</span> Heb., <span class= "ital">head</span>) <span class= "bld">and thirty with him</span> (besides him).—Literally, <span class= "ital">upon him.</span> So LXX. Syriac reads “and he was commanding thirty men,” which gives the apparent meaning of the verse. If, as seems likely, the “thirty” were the officers of David’s guard of six hundred warriors (<a href="/1_samuel/23-13.htm" title="Then David and his men, which were about six hundred, arose and departed out of Keilah, and went wherever they could go. And it was told Saul that David was escaped from Keilah; and he declined to go forth.">1Samuel 23:13</a>; <a href="/1_samuel/30-10.htm" title="But David pursued, he and four hundred men: for two hundred stayed behind, which were so faint that they could not go over the brook Besor.">1Samuel 30:10</a>; <a href="/2_samuel/15-18.htm" title="And all his servants passed on beside him; and all the Cherethites, and all the Pelethites, and all the Gittites, six hundred men which came after him from Gath, passed on before the king.">2Samuel 15:18</a>), called “the mighty men,” or heroes (<a href="/2_samuel/10-7.htm" title="And when David heard of it, he sent Joab, and all the host of the mighty men.">2Samuel 10:7</a>; <a href="/2_samuel/20-7.htm" title="And there went out after him Joab's men, and the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, and all the mighty men: and they went out of Jerusalem, to pursue after Sheba the son of Bichri.">2Samuel 20:7</a>; <a href="/1_kings/1-8.htm" title="But Zadok the priest, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and Nathan the prophet, and Shimei, and Rei, and the mighty men which belonged to David, were not with Adonijah.">1Kings 1:8</a>). each captain would lead about twenty men. Adina’s corps is mentioned perhaps as being larger than usual.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-43.htm">1 Chronicles 11:43</a></div><div class="verse">Hanan the son of Maachah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite,</div>(43) <span class= "bld">Joshaphat the Mithnite.</span>—The LXX. has “the Mathanite,” or “the Bethanite.” Syriac, “Azi of Anathoth” !<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-44.htm">1 Chronicles 11:44</a></div><div class="verse">Uzzia the Ashterathite, Shama and Jehiel the sons of Hothan the Aroerite,</div>(44) <span class= "bld">Ashterathite.</span>—Of Ashtaroth, a town in Bashan (<a href="/1_chronicles/6-71.htm" title="To the sons of Gershom were given out of the family of the half tribe of Manasseh, Golan in Bashan with her suburbs, and Ashtaroth with her suburbs:">1Chronicles 6:71</a>).<p><span class= "bld">Jehiel.</span>—Heb., <span class= "ital">Jeuel.</span> Margin, “<span class= "ital">Jeiel</span>.”<p><span class= "bld">Hothan.</span>—A misprint of the Authorised Version for <span class= "ital">Aotham.</span> There was an <span class= "ital">Aroer</span> in Reuben, and another in Gad (<a href="/joshua/13-16.htm" title="And their coast was from Aroer, that is on the bank of the river Arnon, and the city that is in the middle of the river, and all the plain by Medeba;">Joshua 13:16</a>; <a href="/joshua/13-25.htm" title="And their coast was Jazer, and all the cities of Gilead, and half the land of the children of Ammon, to Aroer that is before Rabbah;">Joshua 13:25</a>).<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-45.htm">1 Chronicles 11:45</a></div><div class="verse">Jediael the son of Shimri, and Joha his brother, the Tizite,</div>(45) <span class= "bld">Jediael.</span>—Perhaps the Manassite who joined David at Ziklag (<a href="/1_chronicles/12-20.htm" title="As he went to Ziklag, there fell to him of Manasseh, Adnah, and Jozabad, and Jediael, and Michael, and Jozabad, and Elihu, and Zilthai, captains of the thousands that were of Manasseh.">1Chronicles 12:20</a>).<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-46.htm">1 Chronicles 11:46</a></div><div class="verse">Eliel the Mahavite, and Jeribai, and Joshaviah, the sons of Elnaam, and Ithmah the Moabite,</div>(46) <span class= "bld">Eliel.</span>—Perhaps the Gadite of <a href="/1_chronicles/12-11.htm" title="Attai the sixth, Eliel the seventh,">1Chronicles 12:11</a>.<p><span class= "bld">The Mahavite.</span>—Probably a corruption of “the Mahanaimite.” Mahanaim was in Gad.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/1_chronicles/11-47.htm">1 Chronicles 11:47</a></div><div class="verse">Eliel, and Obed, and Jasiel the Mesobaite.</div>(47) <span class= "bld">Eliel.</span>-LXX., “Daliel.”<p><span class= "bld">The Mesobaite.</span>—The word is corrupt. 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