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Appendix:German pronunciation - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Appendix</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">German pronunciation</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang"><input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages"> <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wiktionary.org/wiki/Stagadenn:Distagadur/alamaneg" title="Stagadenn:Distagadur/alamaneg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Stagadenn:Distagadur/alamaneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Deutsch/Lautschrift" title="Wiktionary:Deutsch/Lautschrift – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wiktionary:Deutsch/Lautschrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikcionario:Referencia/DE/Pronunciaci%25C3%25B3n" title="Wikcionario:Referencia/DE/Pronunciación – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wikcionario:Referencia/DE/Pronunciación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/allemand" title="Annexe:Prononciation/allemand – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Annexe:Prononciation/allemand" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mnw.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259D%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25BE%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25B3:%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%258A%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2582%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BA" title="ဝိက်ရှေန်နရဳ:ပညာရမျာင်ဂျာမာန် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဝိက်ရှေန်နရဳ:ပညာရမျာင်ဂျာမာန်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25BB%2598%25E9%258C%25B2:%25E3%2583%2589%25E3%2582%25A4%25E3%2583%2584%25E8%25AA%259E%25E3%2581%25AE%25E7%2599%25BA%25E9%259F%25B3%25E8%25A1%25A8%25E8%25A8%2598" title="付録:ドイツ語の発音表記 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="付録:ドイツ語の発音表記" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Aneks:Tabela_IPA_dla_j%25C4%2599zyka_niemieckiego" title="Aneks:Tabela IPA dla języka niemieckiego – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aneks:Tabela IPA dla języka niemieckiego" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ajuda:Guia_de_pron%25C3%25BAncia/Alem%25C3%25A3o" title="Ajuda:Guia de pronúncia/Alemão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ajuda:Guia de pronúncia/Alemão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA:%25D0%259D%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2587%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Додатак:Немачки изговор – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Додатак:Немачки изговор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yue.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E9%2599%2584%25E9%258C%2584:%25E5%25BE%25B7%25E6%2596%2587%25E8%25AE%2580%25E9%259F%25B3" title="附錄:德文讀音 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="附錄:德文讀音" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:%25E5%25BE%25B7%25E8%25AA%259E%25E7%2599%25BC%25E9%259F%25B3" title="Appendix:德語發音 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Appendix:德語發音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Appendix:pron:de&redirect=no&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">AP:pron:de</a></code> </div> <p>The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents German pronunciations in Wiktionary entries.</p> <p>See <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_phonology" class="extiw" title="w:German phonology">German phonology</a> at Wikipedia for a more thorough look at the sounds of German.</p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> German consonant pronunciation </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Examples</th> <th>English approximation</th> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiced_bilabial_plosive" class="extiw" title="w:voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ball?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Ball"><b>B</b>all</a></span></td> <td><b>b</b>all</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_palatal_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless palatal fricative">ç</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/ich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="ich">i<b>ch</b></a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/durch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="durch">dur<b>ch</b></a></span></td> <td><b>h</b>ue</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="extiw" title="w:voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/dann?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="dann"><b>d</b>ann</a></span></td> <td><b>d</b>one</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiced_postalveolar_affricate" class="extiw" title="w:voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dschungel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Dschungel"><b>Dsch</b>ungel</a></span></td> <td><b>j</b>ungle</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_labiodental_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fass?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Fass"><b>F</b>ass</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vogel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Vogel"><b>V</b>ogel</a></span></td> <td><b>f</b>uss</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiced_velar_plosive" class="extiw" title="w:voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gast?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Gast"><b>G</b>ast</a></span></td> <td><b>g</b>uest</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_glottal_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/hat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="hat"><b>h</b>at</a></span></td> <td><b>h</b>ut</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/palatal_approximant" class="extiw" title="w:palatal approximant">j</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/ja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="ja"><b>j</b>a</a></span></td> <td><b>y</b>ard</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_velar_plosive" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/kalt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="kalt"><b>k</b>alt</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Tag">Ta<b>g</b></a></span></td> <td><b>c</b>old</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="extiw" title="w:alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Last?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Last"><b>L</b>ast</a></span></td> <td><b>l</b>ast</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bilabial_nasal" class="extiw" title="w:bilabial nasal">m</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mast?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Mast"><b>M</b>ast</a></span></td> <td><b>m</b>ust</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/alveolar_nasal" class="extiw" title="w:alveolar nasal">n</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Naht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Naht"><b>N</b>aht</a></span></td> <td><b>n</b>ot</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/velar_nasal" class="extiw" title="w:velar nasal">ŋ</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/lang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="lang">la<b>ng</b></a></span></td> <td>lo<b>ng</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_bilabial_plosive" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pakt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Pakt"><b>P</b>akt</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/hab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="hab">ha<b>b</b></a></span></td> <td><b>p</b>uck</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_labiodental_affricate" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless labiodental affricate">p͡f</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pfahl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Pfahl"><b>Pf</b>ahl</a></span></td> <td>cu<b>pf</b>ull</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiced_uvular_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rast?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Rast"><b>R</b>ast</a></span></td> <td>like a French <i>R</i><br> (a <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiced_uvular_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiced uvular fricative">voiced uvular fricative</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Appendix:German_pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_alveolar_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wasser?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Wasser">Wa<b>ss</b>er</a></span></td> <td>fa<b>s</b>t</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Schal"><b>Sch</b>al</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Stein"><b>S</b>tein</a></span></td> <td><b>sh</b>all</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Tal"><b>T</b>al</a></span></td> <td><b>t</b>all</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_alveolar_affricate" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless alveolar affricate">t͡s</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zahl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Zahl"><b>Z</b>ahl</a></span></td> <td>ca<b>ts</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matsch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Matsch">Ma<b>tsch</b></a></span></td> <td>ma<b>tch</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiced_labiodental_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/was?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="was"><b>w</b>as</a></span></td> <td><b>v</b>anish</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_velar_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span>/: [<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_velar_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span>], [<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_uvular_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless uvular fricative">χ</a></span>]</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bach?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Bach">Ba<b>ch</b></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Appendix:German_pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>lo<b>ch</b> <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">Scottish</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiced_alveolar_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hase?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Hase">Ha<b>s</b>e</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Appendix:German_pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>ho<b>s</b>e</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiced_postalveolar_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Genie"><b>G</b>enie</a></span></td> <td>bei<b>g</b>e, mea<b>s</b>ure</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">[<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/glottal_stop" class="extiw" title="w:glottal stop">ʔ</a></span>]</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beamter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Beamter">Beamter</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Appendix:German_pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br> (<span class="IPA">[bəˈʔamtɐ]</span>)</td> <td>the <a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/glottal_stop?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="glottal stop">glottal stop</a> in <i>uh-oh!</i></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/stress?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="stress">Stress</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/stress_(linguistics)" class="extiw" title="w:stress (linguistics)">ˈ</a></span></span></td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahnhof?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Bahnhof">Bahnhof</a></span><br> (<span class="IPA">[ˈbaːnˌhoːf]</span>)</td> <td rowspan="2">as in <i>battleship</i> <span class="IPA">[ˈbætəlˌʃɪp]</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/secondary_stress" class="extiw" title="w:secondary stress">ˌ</a></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> German vowel pronunciation </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Examples</th> <th>English approximation</th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/monophthong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="monophthong">Monophthongs</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/open_front_unrounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dach?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Dach">D<b>a</b>ch</a></span></td> <td>br<b>a</b> (but shorter)</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/open_front_unrounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:open front unrounded vowel">aː</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Bahn">B<b>ah</b>n</a></span></td> <td>br<b>a</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:close-mid front unrounded vowel">eː</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Beet">B<b>ee</b>t</a></span></td> <td>f<b>a</b>ce</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bett?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Bett">B<b>e</b>tt</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/h%C3%A4tte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="hätte">h<b>ä</b>tte</a></span></td> <td>b<b>e</b>d</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛː</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/w%C3%A4hle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="wähle">w<b>äh</b>le</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Appendix:German_pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>as above but longer; like <a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Received_Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Received Pronunciation">RP</a> English b<b>are</b>ly</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/close_front_unrounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:close front unrounded vowel">iː</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/viel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="viel">v<b>ie</b>l</a></span></td> <td>m<b>ee</b>t</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/bist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="bist">b<b>i</b>st</a></span></td> <td>s<b>i</b>t</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:close-mid back rounded vowel">oː</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/schon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="schon">sch<b>o</b>n</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Boot">B<b>oo</b>t</a></span></td> <td>somewhat like b<b>o</b>ne</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Post?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Post">P<b>o</b>st</a></span></td> <td>b<b>o</b>ss</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:close-mid front rounded vowel">øː</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%96l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Öl"><b>Ö</b>l</a></span></td> <td>somewhat like h<b>u</b>rl; French <i>d<b>eu</b>x</i></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/open-mid_front_rounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:open-mid front rounded vowel">œ</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/g%C3%B6ttlich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="göttlich">g<b>ö</b>ttlich</a></span></td> <td>close to h<b>u</b>rt or French <i>s<b>œ</b>ur</i></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/close_back_rounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:close back rounded vowel">uː</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Hut">H<b>u</b>t</a></span></td> <td>tr<b>ue</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Putz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Putz">P<b>u</b>tz</a></span></td> <td>t<b>oo</b>k</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/close_front_rounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:close front rounded vowel">yː</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%BCbe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Rübe">R<b>ü</b>be</a></span></td> <td>French <i>r<b>ue</b></i></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:near-close near-front rounded vowel">ʏ</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/f%C3%BCllt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="füllt">f<b>ü</b>llt</a></span></td> <td>much like the above but shorter</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/diphthong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="diphthong">Diphthongs</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="IPA">/aɪ̯/</span></span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/weit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="weit">w<b>ei</b>t</a></span></td> <td>t<b>ie</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="IPA">/aʊ̯/</span></span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Haut">H<b>au</b>t</a></span></td> <td>h<b>ow</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="IPA">/ɔɪ̯/</span></span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Heu">H<b>eu</b></a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A4uber?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Räuber">R<b>äu</b>ber</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Appendix:German_pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>b<b>oy</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/reduction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="reduction">Reduced</a> vowels</th> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/near-open_central_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:near-open central vowel">ɐ</a></span>/</span><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Appendix:German_pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ober?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Ober">Ob<b>er</b></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Appendix:German_pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>f<b>u</b>n</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mid_central_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:mid central vowel">ə</a></span>/</span><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Appendix:German_pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/halte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="halte">halt<b>e</b></a></span></td> <td>comm<b>a</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/semivowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="semivowel">Semivowels</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="IPA">/ɐ̯/</span></span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uhr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Uhr">Uh<b>r</b></a></span></td> <td><b>uh</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="IPA">/i̯/</span></span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Studie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Studie">Stud<b>i</b>e</a></span></td> <td>magnol<b>i</b>a</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="IPA">/u̯/</span></span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/aktuell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="aktuell">akt<b>u</b>ell</a></span></td> <td>vis<b>u</b>al</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="IPA">/y̯/</span></span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Libyen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Libyen">Lib<b>y</b>en</a></span></td> <td>French <i><b>hu</b>it</i></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Unstressed full vowels</th> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Methan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Methan">M<b>e</b>than</a></span></td> <td>(short <span class="IPA">[eː]</span>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/close_front_unrounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/vital?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="vital">v<b>i</b>tal</a></span></td> <td>cit<b>y</b> (short <span class="IPA">[iː]</span>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Moral">M<b>o</b>ral</a></span></td> <td>(short <span class="IPA">[oː]</span>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:close-mid front rounded vowel">ø</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%96konom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Ökonom"><b>Ö</b>konom</a></span></td> <td>(short <span class="IPA">[øː]</span>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/close_back_rounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:close back rounded vowel">u</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/kulant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="kulant">k<b>u</b>lant</a></span></td> <td>virt<b>ue</b> (short <span class="IPA">[uː]</span>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:115%;">/<span class="IPA"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/close_front_rounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:close front rounded vowel">y</a></span>/</span></td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Psychologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#German" title="Psychologie">Ps<b>y</b>chologie</a></span></td> <td>(short <span class="IPA">[yː]</span>)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"> <h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Appendix:German_pronunciation&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Appendix:German_pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text">In free variation with <span class="IPA">[ʀ]</span> and also — in Switzerland, Bavaria, and Austria — the <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiced_alveolar_trill" class="extiw" title="w:voiced alveolar trill">voiced alveolar trill</a> <span class="IPA">[r]</span>. Compare /ɐ/.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Appendix:German_pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA">/x/</span> is realized as a uvular fricative <span class="IPA">[χ]</span> after <span class="IPA">[a]</span>, <span class="IPA">[aː]</span>, and often <span class="IPA">[ʊ]</span>, <span class="IPA">[ɔ]</span>, and <span class="IPA">[aʊ]</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Appendix:German_pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text">Predominantly realized as <span class="IPA">[z̥]</span> (devoiced) or <span class="IPA">[s]</span> (voiceless) in southern regions (Switzerland, Bavaria, Austria).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Appendix:German_pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text">The presence or absence of <span class="IPA">[ʔ]</span> is not phonemic. In most standard varieties of German, all initial vowels are preceded by <span class="IPA">[ʔ]</span>. However, this does not generally hold true for Austrian, southern, and Swiss standard German and most colloquial varieties.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Appendix:German_pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA">[ɛː]</span> is often replaced by <span class="IPA">[eː]</span>, chiefly in northern and eastern Germany, and eastern Austria.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Appendix:German_pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text">Some references transcribe this diphthong as <span class="IPA">/ɔʏ/</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Appendix:German_pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA">/ɐ/</span> is often merged into, and hence not distinguished from, <span class="IPA">[ə]</span>, specifically in southern Germany and Austria. The <span class="IPA">/ɐ/</span>–<span class="IPA">/a/</span> merger is true in northern Germany.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Appendix:German_pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text">Compare <span class="IPA">/ʁ/</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Appendix:German_pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text">In Austria and Germany, <span class="IPA">/ə/</span>, before sonorants <span class="IPA">/l/</span>, <span class="IPA">/m/</span>, and <span class="IPA">/n/</span> in the syllable coda, often disappears so that they become syllabic <span class="IPA">[l̩]</span>, <span class="IPA">[m̩]</span>, and <span class="IPA">[n̩]</span>. Especially in Austrian, southern, and Swiss standard German, <span class="IPA">/ə/</span>, representing unstressed <i>e</i>, is alternatively realized as <span class="IPA">[ɛ]</span> or even within Switzerland, <span class="IPA">[e]</span>.</span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"> <h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Appendix:German_pronunciation&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </div> <ul> <li><i>Duden 6: Das Aussprachewörterbuch</i> (3rd edition, 1990, <a href="https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-411-20916-X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/3-411-20916-X">→ISBN</a>).</li> </ul><!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐b766959bd‐lz6pw Cached time: 20250215081639 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.479 seconds Real time usage: 0.552 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 14497/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 37847/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5791/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4276/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.290/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 12262821/104857600 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 496.603 1 -total 33.87% 168.210 65 Template:l 26.84% 133.283 1 Template:shortcut 17.72% 88.010 58 Template:big 17.14% 85.108 47 Template:IPAchar 14.57% 72.335 53 Template:IPAlink 13.72% 68.121 53 Template:IPAfont 12.60% 62.560 53 Template:IPAsym 1.28% 6.333 1 Template:qualifier 0.91% 4.519 1 Template:ISBN --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiktionary:pcache:3536862:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250215081639 and revision id 81723524. 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