CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Kashmir - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )simplewikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"fe517a2f-4441-4489-b27a-46e5295f418d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Kashmir","wgTitle":"Kashmir","wgCurRevisionId":9888084,"wgRevisionId":9888084,"wgArticleId":17620,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the JsonConfig extension","Kashmir"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Kashmir","wgRelevantArticleId":17620,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en", "pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q43100","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022", "ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Pahalgam_Valley.jpg/1200px-Pahalgam_Valley.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="669"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Pahalgam_Valley.jpg/800px-Pahalgam_Valley.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="446"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Pahalgam_Valley.jpg/640px-Pahalgam_Valley.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="357"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Kashmir - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="change this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//simple.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.simple"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Kashmir rootpage-Kashmir skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Getting around </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_start" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things"><span>Simple start</span></a></li><li id="n-Simple-talk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_talk"><span>Simple talk</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="The list of new changes in the wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>New changes</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Show any page [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Show any page</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="The place to get help"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-simple.svg" width="101" height="18" style="width: 6.3125em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Kashmir" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Kashmir" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Kashmir" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Kashmir" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about changes from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology_of_Kashmir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology_of_Kashmir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology of Kashmir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology_of_Kashmir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lines_of_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lines_of_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Lines of control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lines_of_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kashmir</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 106 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-106" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">106 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasjmir" title="Kasjmir – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kasjmir" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="कश्मीर – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कश्मीर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascmir" title="Cascmir – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cascmir" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="كشمير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كشمير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caixmir" title="Caixmir – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Caixmir" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%99%C5%9Fmir" title="Kəşmir – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kəşmir" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="کشمیر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کشمیر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0" title="কাশ্মীর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাশ্মীর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Кәшмир – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кәшмир" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Кашмір – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кашмір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Кашмір – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кашмір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="काश्मीर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="काश्मीर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Кашмир – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1mir" title="Kašmir – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kašmir" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kachmir" title="Kachmir – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kachmir" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caixmir" title="Caixmir – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Caixmir" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1m%C3%ADr" title="Kašmír – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kašmír" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaschmir" title="Kaschmir – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaschmir" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%AF%CF%81" title="Κασμίρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κασμίρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cachemira_(regi%C3%B3n)" title="Cachemira (región) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cachemira (región)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%9Dmiro" title="Kaŝmiro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaŝmiro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaxmir" title="Kaxmir – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kaxmir" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="کشمیر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کشمیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cachemire" title="Cachemire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cachemire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Chaism%C3%ADr" title="An Chaismír – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chaismír" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caxemira" title="Caxemira – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Caxemira" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B0" title="કાશ્મીર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કાશ્મીર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%88%EB%AF%B8%EB%A5%B4" title="카슈미르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카슈미르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Քաշմիր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քաշմիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="कश्मीर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कश्मीर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1mir" title="Kašmir – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kašmir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97" title="কাশ্মির লয়াগ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কাশ্মির লয়াগ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasm%C3%ADr" title="Kasmír – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kasmír" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8" title="קשמיר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קשמיר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasmira" title="Kasmira – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kasmira" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0" title="ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ქაშმირი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქაშმირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%94%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B1" title="کٔشیٖر – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کٔشیٖر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Кашмир – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C5%9Fm%C3%AEr" title="Keşmîr – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Keşmîr" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casmiria" title="Casmiria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Casmiria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1m%C4%ABra" title="Kašmīra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kašmīra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaschmir" title="Kaschmir – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kaschmir" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1myras" title="Kašmyras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kašmyras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasm%C3%ADr_(r%C3%A9gi%C3%B3)" title="Kasmír (régió) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kasmír (régió)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Кашмир – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BC" title="കശ്മീർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കശ്മീർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="काश्‍मीर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="काश्‍मीर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ქაშმირი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქაშმირი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="کشمیر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کشمیر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Кашмир – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_en_Kasjmir_(gebied)" title="Jammu en Kasjmir (gebied) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jammu en Kasjmir (gebied)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="कश्मीर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कश्मीर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE)" title="काष्मीर् (सन् २००३या संकिपा) – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="काष्मीर् (सन् २००३या संकिपा)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="カシミール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カシミール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaschmir" title="Kaschmir – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kaschmir" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cashmir" title="Cashmir – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cashmir" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%B0" title="କାଶ୍ମୀର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କାଶ୍ମୀର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0" title="ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="کشمیر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کشمیر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="کشمير – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کشمير" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaschmir" title="Kaschmir – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kaschmir" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaszmir_(region)" title="Kaszmir (region) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kaszmir (region)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caxemira" title="Caxemira – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caxemira" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C8%99mir" title="Cașmir – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cașmir" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Кашмир – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmiri" title="Kashmiri – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kashmiri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="ڪشمير – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪشمير" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="کەشمیر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەشمیر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Кашмир – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1mir" title="Kašmir – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kašmir" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="காஷ்மீர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காஷ்மீர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Кәшмир – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кәшмир" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="కశ్మీర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కశ్మీర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="กัศมีร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กัศมีร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Кашмир – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C5%9Fmir" title="Keşmir – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Keşmir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Кашмір – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кашмір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="کشمیر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کشمیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%DB%95%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B1" title="كەشمىر – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كەشمىر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94" title="克什米尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="克什米尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE" title="喀什米爾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="喀什米爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C5%9Fmir" title="Keşmir – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Keşmir" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94" title="克什米尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克什米尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1mir" title="Kašmir – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kašmir" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43100#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Kashmir" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kashmir"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&veaction=edit" title="Edit this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Change</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Change source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kashmir"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&veaction=edit" title="Edit this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Change</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Change source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Kashmir" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Kashmir" rel="nofollow" title="New changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&oldid=9888084" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Kashmir&id=9888084&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKashmir"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKashmir"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kashmir"><span>Make a book</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kashmir&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Page for printing</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43100" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kashmir (disambiguation)">Kashmir (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pahalgam_Valley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Pahalgam_Valley.jpg/300px-Pahalgam_Valley.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Pahalgam_Valley.jpg/450px-Pahalgam_Valley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Pahalgam_Valley.jpg/600px-Pahalgam_Valley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6745" data-file-height="3762" /></a><figcaption>The Pahalgam Valley in Kashmir</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kashmir</b>, previously spelled <b>Cashmere</b>, is a region in <a href="/wiki/South-central_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="South-central Asia">South-central Asia</a>. Historically, the name Kashmir referred to the <a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">valley</a> just to the south of the western end of the <a href="/wiki/Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Himalaya">Himalayan</a> mountain range. Today, Kashmir refers to a much larger area that includes the <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-disambig" title="Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a> (which includes the <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jammu_region" title="Jammu region">Jammu region</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>), <a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gilgit%E2%80%93Baltistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilgit–Baltistan">Gilgit–Baltistan</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Aksai_Chin" title="Aksai Chin">Aksai Chin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Karakoram_Tract" title="Trans-Karakoram Tract">Trans-Karakoram Tract</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="People's Republic of China">China</a>). The main "Valley of Kashmir" is a low-<a href="/wiki/Fertile" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertile">fertile</a> area surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">mountains</a> and contains many <a href="/wiki/River" title="River">rivers</a>. People like it for its natural <a href="/wiki/Beauty" title="Beauty">beauty</a> and simple lifestyle. The region is part of a <a href="/wiki/Border_dispute" title="Border dispute">border dispute</a> between India and Pakistan. </p><p>In total it has an area of 230,166.1 <a href="/wiki/Square_kilometre" title="Square kilometre">square kilometres</a> or (89,106 <a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">square miles</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">population</a> of the region is more than the individual populations of 127 <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a> member nations and its area is larger than that of 97 nations. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_of_Kashmir">Etymology of Kashmir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Etymology of Kashmir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etymology of Kashmir"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name of the land is thought to be derived from the process of <a href="/wiki/Desiccation" title="Desiccation">desiccation</a> - Ka means "water" and Shimir means "to desiccate". Hence, Kashmir stands for "a land desiccated from water". There is also a theory which takes Kashmir to be a contraction of Kashyap-mira or Kashyapmir or Kashyapmeru, the <i>"Sea or Mountain of Kashyapa"</i>, the sage who is credited with having drained the waters of the primordial Lake Satisar, that Kashmir was before it was reclaimed. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nilamata_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nilamata Purana (not yet started)">Nilamata Purana</a> gives the name Kashmira to the Mira" which means the sea lake or the mountain of Sage Kashyapa. <b>Mira</b> in Sanskrit means Ocean or boundary, considering it to be an embodiment of Uma. The Kashmiris, however, call it <i>Kashir</i>, which has been derived phonetically from Kashmir. </p><p>The Ancient Greeks called it as <i>Kasperia</i>. Kashyapa-pura, which has been identified with Kaspapyros of Hecataeus (apud Stephanus of Byzantium) and Kaspatyros of Herodotus (3.102, 4.44); In <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classical literature</a> <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> also called it <i>Kaspatyrol</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bamzai4.6_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bamzai4.6-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kashmir is also believed to be the country meant by Ptolemy's <b>Kaspeiria</b>. <a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a>, the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monk</a> who visited Kashmir in 631 <a href="/wiki/AD" class="mw-redirect" title="AD">AD</a> called it <i>Kia-shi-mi-lo</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibetans</a> called it <b>Khachal</b>, meaning "<a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">snowy</a> <a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">mountain</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Bamzai4.6_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bamzai4.6-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is and has been a land of <a href="/wiki/River" title="River">rivers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">lakes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wildflower" title="Wildflower">wildflowers</a>. <i>Cashmere</i> is an archaic spelling of present-Kashmir, and in some countries it is still spelled this way. A tribe of Semitic origin, named <b>Kash</b> (which means a deep slash in the native dialect), is believed to have founded the cities of <a href="/wiki/Kashan" title="Kashan">Kashan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a>, not to be confused with the <i><b>Kashyapi tribe</b></i> from Caspian. The land and the people were known as 'Kashir' from which 'Kashmir' was also derived. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kashmir_region_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Kashmir_region_2004.jpg/300px-Kashmir_region_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Kashmir_region_2004.jpg/450px-Kashmir_region_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Kashmir_region_2004.jpg/600px-Kashmir_region_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1579" data-file-height="1567" /></a><figcaption>A map of Kashmir showing the lines of control in more detail. Indian-controlled territory is yellow/light brown; Pakistan-controlled territory is green; China-controlled territory is darker brown. The triangle in White/Green/Yellow is the Siachen glacier, controlled by India.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a> has existed since India and Pakistan became independent states. At first, the <a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a> of Jammu and Kashmir, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hari_Singh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hari Singh (not yet started)">Hari Singh</a>, wanted his state to remain independent of both India and Pakistan. On 20 October 1947, <a href="/wiki/Tribe" title="Tribe">tribesmen</a> supported by Pakistan invaded Kashmir. Singh fought back at first, but on 27 October, he asked the Governor-General of India, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma">Louis Mountbatten</a>, for help. He agreed, but made Singh turn over Jammu and Kashmir to India. Once the papers of accession to India were signed, Indian soldiers entered Kashmir with orders to stop any further occupation, but they were not allowed to expel anyone from the state. Pakistan claimed that it was illegal for Singh to give Kashmir to India, and the <a href="/wiki/First_Kashmir_War" title="First Kashmir War">First Kashmir War</a> was started. India took the matter to the United Nations. The UN resolution asked Pakistan to vacate the areas it had occupied and asked India to assist the U.N. Plebiscite Commission to organize a <a href="/wiki/Plebiscite" title="Plebiscite">plebiscite</a> to determine the will of the people. Pakistan refused to leave the occupied areas. </p><p>In 1953, as the US-Pakistan Mutual Defence Pact was being formed, <a href="/wiki/Nehru" class="mw-redirect" title="Nehru">Nehru</a> declared an ultimatum. Pakistan would have to choose between a plebiscite with the possibility of winning control over Kashmir, or their pact with the US. As the alliance formed and was concluded in 1954, Nehru withdrew the offer of plebiscite. Kashmir remains an area of conflict until today.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lines_of_control">Lines of control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Lines of control" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Lines of control"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>India and Pakistan have fought several wars over Kashmir. In 1949 and 1972 they agreed on a border for most of the Territories (except for the <a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a>). This demarcation line which marks the border between India and Pakistan is known as the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Line of Control</a>. It is guarded by Indian and Pakistani troops. </p><p>The border between <a href="/wiki/Aksai_Chin" title="Aksai Chin">Aksai Chin</a> (held by China) and Jammu and Kashmir (held by India) is known as <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Actual_Control" title="Line of Actual Control">Line of Actual Control</a>. </p><p>The Kashmir border between the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan)" title="Punjab (Pakistan)">Punjab (Pakistan)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian-administered_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian-administered Kashmir">Indian-administered Kashmir</a> is called the <a href="/wiki/Working_boundary" class="mw-redirect" title="Working boundary">working boundary</a>, but is not recognised by Pakistan. India has built a <a href="/wiki/Fence" class="mw-disambig" title="Fence">fence</a> along part of this border. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a> and the bordering <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saltoro_Range&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saltoro Range (not yet started)">Saltoro Range</a> first saw military action in 1984 when the Indian Army occupied the glacier and the Saltoro range to prevent Pakistan from occupying the area. This operation was codenamed Operation Meghdoot. There have been several minor changes to the held positions. However, the Indian Armed forces have held onto the heights on the plateau, preventing Pakistani soldiers from climbing up the Saltoro range. </p><p>The Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL) refers to the current position that divides Indian and Pakistani troops in the Siachen Glacier region. The line extends from the northernmost point of the LOC (Line of Control) to Indira Col. This line runs across the edge of the Saltoro Range, which is a mountainous plateau with peaks that are over 8,000 meters tall. The current position of the AGPL follows the general line: </p><p>Indira Col - Sia La pass - Saltoro Kangri 1 - Bilafond La pass - K12 - Gyong La pass - NJ9842<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Administrative divisions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Administrative divisions"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jammu-Kashmir-Ladakh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Jammu-Kashmir-Ladakh.svg/300px-Jammu-Kashmir-Ladakh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Jammu-Kashmir-Ladakh.svg/450px-Jammu-Kashmir-Ladakh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Jammu-Kashmir-Ladakh.svg/600px-Jammu-Kashmir-Ladakh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="652" /></a><figcaption>Political divisions of Kashmir region</figcaption></figure> <p>Today Kashmir is split, as follows: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of India">Republic of India</a> controls the state of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-disambig" title="Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a>. It is made of the <a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> region, the <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir Valley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> refers to this as <i>Indian-occupied Kashmir</i>, <i>Indian-controlled Kashmir</i>, <i>Indian-annexed Kashmir</i>, or <i>Indian-held Kashmir</i>.</li> <li>The territories known as <a href="/wiki/Northern_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Areas">Northern Areas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Jammu and Kashmir</a> are administered by <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. The government of Pakistan calls them <a href="/wiki/Pakistan-administered_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan-administered Kashmir">Pakistan-administered Kashmir</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of India">Republic of India</a> refers to this as <i>Pakistan-occupied Kashmir</i>.</li> <li>The region called <a href="/wiki/Aksai_Chin" title="Aksai Chin">Aksai Chin</a> is controlled by <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Trans-Karakoram_Tract" title="Trans-Karakoram Tract">Trans-Karakoram Tract</a> is an area Pakistan gave to China on 3 March 1963. Pakistan says the area was uninhabited, so there is no problem to this. India claims the swap was illegal and that the area is part of its state Jammu and Kashmir.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a> is currently a disputed territory. India controls the glacier, and Pakistan controls the valley below.</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Disputed_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Disputed territory">Disputed territory</a> of Kashmir is divided into five administrative Divisions, namely: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltistan" title="Baltistan">Baltistan Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit_Agency" title="Gilgit Agency">Gilgit Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu Division">Jammu Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li></ul> <p>A group of Districts forms a Division, which is administered by a 'Divisional Commissioner'. Kashmir is now divided in twenty-one districts, grouped under five divisions jointly controlled by Pakistan and India respectively: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Baltistan" title="Baltistan">Baltistan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Gilgit_Agency" title="Gilgit Agency">Gilgit</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jammu_region" title="Jammu region">Jammu</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astore_District" title="Astore District">Astore District</a> <i>(Azad Ladakh)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanche_District" title="Ghanche District">Ghanche District</a> <i>(Azad Ladakh)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skardu_District" title="Skardu District">Skardu District</a> <i>(Azad Ladakh)</i></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diamir_District" title="Diamir District">Diamir District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghizar_District" title="Ghizar District">Ghizar District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit_District" title="Gilgit District">Gilgit District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunza-Nagar_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunza-Nagar District">Hunza-Nagar District</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhimber_District" title="Bhimber District">Bhimber District</a> <i>(Azad Jammu)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagh_District" title="Bagh District">Bagh District</a> <i>(Azad Jammu)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doda_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Doda District">Doda District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu District">Jammu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathua District">Kathua District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotli_District" title="Kotli District">Kotli District</a> <i>(Azad Jammu)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirpur_District" title="Mirpur District">Mirpur District</a> <i>(Azad Jammu)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonch_District" class="mw-disambig" title="Poonch District">Poonch District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajouri_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajouri District">Rajouri District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhanoti_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudhanoti District">Sudhanoti District</a> <i>(Azad Jammu)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udhampur_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Udhampur District">Udhampur District</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anantnag_District" title="Anantnag District">Anantnag District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baramulla_District" title="Baramulla District">Baramulla District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budgam_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Budgam District">Budgam District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupwara_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kupwara District">Kupwara District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad_District" title="Muzaffarabad District">Muzaffarabad District</a> <i>(Azad Kashmir)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelum_District" title="Neelum District">Neelum District</a> <i>(Azad Kashmir)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulwama_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulwama District">Pulwama District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Srinagar District">Srinagar District</a> (Srinagar, traditional state capital)</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kargil District">Kargil District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leh_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Leh District">Leh District</a></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Economy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Economy"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanga_parbat,_Pakistan_by_gul791.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Nanga_parbat%2C_Pakistan_by_gul791.jpg/220px-Nanga_parbat%2C_Pakistan_by_gul791.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Nanga_parbat%2C_Pakistan_by_gul791.jpg/330px-Nanga_parbat%2C_Pakistan_by_gul791.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Nanga_parbat%2C_Pakistan_by_gul791.jpg/440px-Nanga_parbat%2C_Pakistan_by_gul791.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nanga_Parbat" title="Nanga Parbat">Nanga Parbat</a>, the 9th highest peak in the world and one of the most dangerous for climbers, is in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Areas">Northern Areas</a> of the Kashmir Region, in Pakistan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kashmir's economy is centred around <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, like that of Pakistan. Traditionally the staple crop of the valley was <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, which formed the chief food of the people. In addition, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oat" title="Oat">oats</a> were also grown. Given its temperate climate, it is suited for crops like <a href="/wiki/Asparagus" title="Asparagus">Asparagus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artichoke" title="Artichoke">Artichoke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kale" title="Kale">seakale</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Broad_beans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broad beans (not yet started)">broad beans</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scarlet_runner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scarlet runner (not yet started)">scarlet runners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beetroot" class="mw-redirect" title="Beetroot">beetroot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cauliflower" title="Cauliflower">cauliflower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbage</a>. Fruit trees are common in the valley, and the cultivated orchards yield pears, apples, <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peaches</a>, and cherries. The chief trees are <a href="/wiki/Cedrus_deodara" title="Cedrus deodara">deodar</a> (National tree of Pakistan), firs and <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">Pines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Platanus_orientalis" title="Platanus orientalis">chenar</a> (State tree) or <a href="/wiki/Platanus" title="Platanus">plane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maple" title="Maple">Maple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">birch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">Walnut</a>, apple, cherry. </p><p>Historically, Kashmir became known worldwide when <a href="/wiki/Cashmere_wool" title="Cashmere wool">Cashmere wool</a> was exported to other regions and nations (exports have ceased due to decreased numbers of the cashmere goat and increased competition from Western China). Kashmiris are good at <a href="/wiki/Knitting" title="Knitting">knitting</a> and making <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pashmina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pashmina (not yet started)">Pashmina</a> Shawls, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silk_carpet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silk carpet (not yet started)">silk carpet</a>s, rugs, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurtas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurtas (not yet started)">Kurtas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a>. <a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Saffron</a>, too, is grown in Kashmir. Efforts are on to export the naturally grown fruits and vegetables as organic foods mainly to the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Middle_East" title="Greater Middle East">Greater Middle East</a> region which it forms an integral part. <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> is known for its <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silver_work&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silver work (not yet started)">silver-work</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papier_mache&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papier mache (not yet started)">papier mache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wood_carving" title="Wood carving">wood-carving</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">weaving</a> of silk. </p><p>The economy was badly damaged by the <a href="/wiki/2005_Pakistan_earthquake" title="2005 Pakistan earthquake">2005 Pakistan earthquake</a> which, as of 8 October 2005, resulted in over 70,000 deaths in the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan-administered_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan-administered Kashmir">Pakistan-controlled part of Kashmir</a> and around 1,500 deaths in <a href="/wiki/Indian_controlled_kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian controlled kashmir">Indian controlled kashmir</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Occupied_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupied Kashmir">Indian-held portion of Kashmir</a> is believed to have potentially rich rocks containing <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">hydrocarbon</a> reserves.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Tourism" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Tourism"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tourism has been important in Kashmir for many years. Many people call the region <i>Paradise on Earth</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourists from all over the world visit Kashmir. In the 21st century, fewer people have visited Kashmir because of <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a>. Kashmir is regularly referred to as <i>Jannat-e-Kashmir</i> due to its connotation with paradise. The term <i>Jannat-e-Kashmir</i> is originally a <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> phrase referring to Kashmir because of the many <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" title="Persian people">Persian</a> <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> saints who visited the Kashmir Valley and wrote poems about it in Persian language. Many Sufi saints are buried in the Kashmir Valley and there are Sufi shrines everywhere in Kashmir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Religion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Religion"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religions in the Kashmir region</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Faith</td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#009000; width:88%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">88%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FF4500; width:7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FFFF00; width:5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#995BB; width:0.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.1%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>88% of the people in Kashmir are <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> is the majority religion of the territory. The other religions are <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> followed by 7% of the population and <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> followed by 5%. During the reign of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shah_Miri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shah Miri (not yet started)">Shah Miri</a> dynasty of Kashmir starting in the 13th century, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> was firmly established in Kashmir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border" title="India–Pakistan border">India–Pakistan border</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bamzai4.6-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bamzai4.6_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bamzai4.6_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">P. N. K. Bamzai, <i>Culture and Political History of Kashmir</i>, Vol. 1 (New Delhi: M.D. Publications, 1994), pp. 4–6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFShankar2016" class="citation journal cs1">Shankar, Mahesh (2016-01-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14736489.2016.1129926">"Nehru's legacy in Kashmir: Why a plebiscite never happened"</a>. <i>India Review</i>. <b>15</b> (1): 1–21. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14736489.2016.1129926">10.1080/14736489.2016.1129926</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1473-6489">1473-6489</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155701436">155701436</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Review&rft.atitle=Nehru%27s+legacy+in+Kashmir%3A+Why+a+plebiscite+never+happened&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-21&rft.date=2016-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155701436%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1473-6489&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14736489.2016.1129926&rft.aulast=Shankar&rft.aufirst=Mahesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1080%2F14736489.2016.1129926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AKashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614202041/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE6-1/Siachen.html">"Manning the Siachen Glacier"</a>. Bharat Rakshak Monitor. 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE6-1/Siachen.html">the original</a> on 2012-06-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manning+the+Siachen+Glacier&rft.pub=Bharat+Rakshak+Monitor&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bharat-rakshak.com%2FMONITOR%2FISSUE6-1%2FSiachen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AKashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFIftikhar_Gilani" class="citation web cs1">Iftikhar Gilani. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008\10\22\story_22-10-2008_pg7_41">"Italian company to pursue oil exploration in Kashmir"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daily_Times_(Pakistan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daily Times (Pakistan) (not yet started)">Daily Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Italian+company+to+pursue+oil+exploration+in+Kashmir&rft.au=Iftikhar+Gilani&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytimes.com.pk%2Fdefault.asp%3Fpage%3D2008%5C10%5C22%5Cstory_22-10-2008_pg7_41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AKashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFIshfaq-ul-Hassan" class="citation web cs1">Ishfaq-ul-Hassan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121003025100/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_india-pakistan-to-explore-oil-jointly_1152227">"India, Pakistan to explore oil jointly"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daily_News_and_Analysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daily News and Analysis (not yet started)">Daily News and Analysis</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_india-pakistan-to-explore-oil-jointly_1152227">the original</a> on 3 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+News+and+Analysis&rft.atitle=India%2C+Pakistan+to+explore+oil+jointly&rft.au=Ishfaq-ul-Hassan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Findia%2Freport_india-pakistan-to-explore-oil-jointly_1152227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AKashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071009061917/http://www.nysun.com/article/63944">"Paradise on Earth - October 4, 2007 - The New York Sun"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysun.com/article/63944">the original</a> on October 9, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paradise+on+Earth+-+October+4%2C+2007+-+The+New+York+Sun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysun.com%2Farticle%2F63944&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AKashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Countries</a> and territories of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a><sup>2</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup>1</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="People's Republic of China">China (PRC)</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup>2</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a><sup>5</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a><sup>1</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a><sup>3</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup>1</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a><sup>3</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><sup>1</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Taiwan (ROC)</a><sup>4</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a><sup>1</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a><sup>5</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>1. Includes territory in both <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>. 2. Usually thought of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> for <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">cultural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">political</a> and <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">historical</a> reasons. 3. Special territories. 4. Disputed territories. 5. Claimed by the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>.</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Middle_East" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122447">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Middle_East" title="Template:Middle East"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Middle_East" title="Template talk:Middle East"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Middle_East&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Middle_East" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Countries</a> and territories of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></i> <sup><small>1</small></sup> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> '<a href="/wiki/Palestine" class="mw-disambig" title="Palestine">State of Palestine</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Middle_East" title="Greater Middle East">Greater Middle East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kashmir</a> <sup>3</sup> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> (Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic)</i> <sup>4</sup> </span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Only recognized by Turkey; see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyprus_dispute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyprus dispute (not yet started)">Cyprus dispute</a>. <sup><small>2</small></sup> Self-ruled <a href="/wiki/Palestine" class="mw-disambig" title="Palestine">Palestine</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> Disputed territories. <sup><small>4</small></sup> Status disputed with <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&oldid=9888084">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&oldid=9888084</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kashmir" title="Category:Kashmir">Kashmir</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="Category:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 16 November 2024, at 20:39.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. See <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> for details.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/simple.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kashmir&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-pqfbt","wgBackendResponseTime":140,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.276","walltime":"0.367","ppvisitednodes":{"value":927,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":48507,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1756,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":24836,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 269.837 1 -total"," 49.51% 133.606 1 Template:Reflist"," 32.44% 87.527 1 Template:Cite_journal"," 28.90% 77.993 3 Template:Navbox"," 17.03% 45.955 1 Template:Otheruses"," 14.80% 39.925 1 Template:Asia"," 10.81% 29.156 1 Template:Middle_East"," 8.11% 21.873 4 Template:Cite_web"," 3.64% 9.826 1 Template:Main"," 2.05% 5.539 1 Template:Bar_box"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.141","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3634349,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-84d8f4b96-lrdcm","timestamp":"20241116203934","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Kashmir","url":"https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kashmir","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q43100","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q43100","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-12-13T23:38:19Z","dateModified":"2024-11-16T20:39:33Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f6\/Pahalgam_Valley.jpg","headline":"disputed territory between China, India and Pakistan"}</script> </body> </html>