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Data from “Assessing Open Science Practices in Phytolith Research” | Journal of Open Archaeology Data
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src="https://journal-assets.ubiquity.press/1.7.10/_next/static/chunks/app/%5Blocale%5D/(with-layout)/page-34976d889b43ba68.js" async=""></script><link rel="preload" href="/js/data.js?v=1.7.10" as="script"/><title>Data from “Assessing Open Science Practices in Phytolith Research” | Journal of Open Archaeology Data</title><meta name="description" content="The Journal of Open Archaeology Data (JOAD) features peer reviewed data papers describing archaeology datasets with high reuse potential. We work with a number of specialist and institutional data repositories to ensure that the associated data are professionally archived, preserved, and openly available. Equally importantly, the data and the papers are citable, and reuse is tracked. JOAD data papers are relatively quick to create, and provide you with a peer-reviewed publication to gain credit for your data. Submit a paper today! JOAD is indexed by the following services: Web of Science (Emerging Sources Citation Index), Scopus, European Reference Index for the Humanities and the Social Sciences, Norwegian Register for Scientific Journals, Series and Publishers, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Chronos, Center for Open Science, OpenAIRE, ExLibris, academia.edu, Journal TOCs, CNKI, sparrho, CrossRef, JISC KB+, SHERPA RoMEO, EBSCOHost, Cengage Learning, ANVUR and Google Scholar."/><meta name="DC.Creator" content="Emma Karoune"/><meta name="DC.Description.abstract" content="This is a dataset gathered to assess the state of open science practices in phytolith research. All articles presenting primary phytolith data were extracted from 16 prominent archaeological and palaeoecological journals between 2009 and 2018. In total, the dataset contains information on 341 articles. This included archaeological (n = 214), palaeoenvironmental (n = 53) and methodological (n = 74) studies. Information was recorded regarding the data location and what type of data was included in the text and as supplementary files. There was also data recorded in relation to open access, picture inclusion, use of the International code for Phytolith Nomenclature (ICPN) and the inclusion of a full method."/><meta name="DC.date" content="2020-09-18T12:41:48+00:00"/><meta name="DC.Date.available" content="2020-09-18T12:41:48+00:00"/><meta name="DC.Date.created" content="2020-09-18T12:41:48+00:00"/><meta name="DC.Date.dateAccepted" content="2020-08-27T14:53:09+00:00"/><meta name="DC.Date.dateCopyrighted" content="2020"/><meta name="DC.Date.dateSubmitted" content="2020-07-23T22:01:42+00:00"/><meta name="DC.Description" content="This is a dataset gathered to assess the state of open science practices in phytolith research. All articles presenting primary phytolith data were extracted from 16 prominent archaeological and palaeoecological journals between 2009 and 2018. In total, the dataset contains information on 341 articles. This included archaeological (n = 214), palaeoenvironmental (n = 53) and methodological (n = 74) studies. Information was recorded regarding the data location and what type of data was included in the text and as supplementary files. There was also data recorded in relation to open access, picture inclusion, use of the International code for Phytolith Nomenclature (ICPN) and the inclusion of a full method."/><meta name="DC.Format" content="text/html"/><meta name="DC.Relation.hasFormat" content="PDF"/><meta name="DC.Relation.hasFormat" content="XML"/><meta name="DC.Relation.hasVersion" content="57"/><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.5334/joad.67"/><meta name="DC.Identifier.identifier" content="10.5334/joad.67"/><meta name="DC.Date.issued" content="2020-02-27T11:39:22+00:00"/><meta name="DC.Language" content="en-US"/><meta name="DC.Language.language" content="en-US"/><meta name="DC.Format.medium" content="text/html"/><meta name="DC.Publisher.publisher" content="Ubiquity Press"/><meta name="DC.Source.source" content="https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com//articles/10.5334/joad.67"/><meta name="DC.Title.title" content="Data from “Assessing Open Science Practices in Phytolith Research”"/><meta name="DC.Type.type" content="Text"/><meta name="DC.Rights.rights" content="© 2020 The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license (unless stated otherwise) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited."/><meta name="DC.Rights.license" content="CC BY 3.0"/><meta name="DC.rightsHolder" content="The Author(s)"/><meta name="DC.Rights.rightsHolder" content="The Author(s)"/><meta name="citation_title" content="Data from “Assessing Open Science Practices in Phytolith Research”"/><meta name="citation_author" content="Emma Karoune"/><meta name="citation_issn" content="2049-1565"/><meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2020-09-18T12:41:48+00:00"/><meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Open Archaeology Data"/><meta name="citation_volume" content="8"/><meta name="citation_issue" content="1"/><meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/67/files/submission/proof/67-1-540-1-10-20200918.pdf"/><meta name="citation_xml_url" content="https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/67/files/submission/proof/67-1-541-1-10-20200918.xml"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.67"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="en" href="https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.67"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="x-default" href="https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.67"/><meta property="og:title" content="Data from “Assessing Open Science Practices in Phytolith Research” | Journal of Open Archaeology Data"/><meta property="og:description" content="The Journal of Open Archaeology Data (JOAD) features peer reviewed data papers describing archaeology datasets with high reuse potential. We work with a number of specialist and institutional data repositories to ensure that the associated data are professionally archived, preserved, and openly available. Equally importantly, the data and the papers are citable, and reuse is tracked. JOAD data papers are relatively quick to create, and provide you with a peer-reviewed publication to gain credit for your data. Submit a paper today! JOAD is indexed by the following services: Web of Science (Emerging Sources Citation Index), Scopus, European Reference Index for the Humanities and the Social Sciences, Norwegian Register for Scientific Journals, Series and Publishers, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Chronos, Center for Open Science, OpenAIRE, ExLibris, academia.edu, Journal TOCs, CNKI, sparrho, CrossRef, JISC KB+, SHERPA RoMEO, EBSCOHost, Cengage Learning, ANVUR and Google Scholar."/><meta property="og:url" content="https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.67"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Journal of Open Archaeology Data"/><meta property="og:locale" content="en"/><meta property="og:locale:alternate" content="en-US"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Data from “Assessing Open Science Practices in Phytolith Research” | Journal of Open Archaeology Data"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="The Journal of Open Archaeology Data (JOAD) features peer reviewed data papers describing archaeology datasets with high reuse potential. We work with a number of specialist and institutional data repositories to ensure that the associated data are professionally archived, preserved, and openly available. Equally importantly, the data and the papers are citable, and reuse is tracked. JOAD data papers are relatively quick to create, and provide you with a peer-reviewed publication to gain credit for your data. Submit a paper today! JOAD is indexed by the following services: Web of Science (Emerging Sources Citation Index), Scopus, European Reference Index for the Humanities and the Social Sciences, Norwegian Register for Scientific Journals, Series and Publishers, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Chronos, Center for Open Science, OpenAIRE, ExLibris, academia.edu, Journal TOCs, CNKI, sparrho, CrossRef, JISC KB+, SHERPA RoMEO, EBSCOHost, Cengage Learning, ANVUR and Google Scholar."/><link rel="icon" href="https://storage.googleapis.com/jnl-up-j-joad-public/journals/1/favicon_en_US.png"/><meta name="next-size-adjust"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/api/theme"/><meta name="sentry-trace" content="907a3cc2d6eaa9ac8ca51b94e11be576-aab6d5c8f17248d9"/><meta name="baggage" content="sentry-environment=production,sentry-release=1.7.10,sentry-public_key=5343a019563147eba4ce3595c72083d8,sentry-trace_id=907a3cc2d6eaa9ac8ca51b94e11be576,sentry-sampled=false"/><script 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href="mailto:?subject=Data%20from%20%E2%80%9CAssessing%20Open%20Science%20Practices%20in%20Phytolith%20Research%E2%80%9D%20%7C%20Journal%20of%20Open%20Archaeology%20Data&body=/articles/10.5334/joad.67" title="Email" aria-label="Email" class="fPSBzf kSmiQp legDhJ dSXBVO dSXBWl gNnTtK kghvgt jXsIot bJYecs kWIqtg eRzUoB AJFBm" style="--share-background:hsl(157, 100%, 31%);--share-text:#ffffff"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX" viewBox="0 0 960 960" style="--svg-height:1.4rem"><use href="/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#mail-filled"></use></svg></a></li></ul><div class="ddgODW fjfoJV XVbnb jWHstb"><button type="button" id="radix-:R1v7jttsmtnqfja:" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-expanded="false" data-state="closed" class="bZRhvx kWIqtg"><svg class="kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX hlJaWE dSXBfT dnRTrn frzzzL" viewBox="0 0 960 960" style="--svg-width:1.4rem"><title>Share</title><use href="/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#share"></use></svg></button></div></div></li></ul></div></div></header><div class="fckcjI hkIdtl eAZrqn dTPHyG hbybOd fPSBzf izYtHj jWrpcl dmebCG"><main tabindex="-1" class="kdHsXs dXscgu fZULLI iUHufA kiYYuA" id="main-content"><article id="article-container" class="cSIRdq fGfecV juqOJT fZHQsB cpIvtD dposoq"><section class="ljXGdG fdfVFM jrnjrZ cWkHOC cnsCBk fEzDZB"><div class="fPSBzf iLbQFp fXjkDo"><h2 class="gsjAMe jcofsB">Data papers</h2><h1 class="jRYqXe cOicxU fGeoMI">Data from “Assessing Open Science Practices in Phytolith Research”</h1><div class="fPSBzf iLbQFp hYZFkb frarrB"><span id="article-authors" class="mBgaT gsjAMe">Authors</span><div class="fPSBzf gSKPcF gBxyZZ kSmiQp jvZfOb"><div class="fPSBzf iLbQFp dRCFAU kdHsXs"><ul aria-labelledby="article-authors" class="fPSBzf gasSYy bLTRfp"><li class="jdiOWc eCmivB">Emma Karoune<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="mailto:ekaroune@googlemail.com" aria-label="Email Emma Karoune" title="Email Emma Karoune" class="bUyOMB jcnSTv"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN" viewBox="0 0 960 960" style="--svg-width:0.8em"><use href="/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#mail-filled"></use></svg></a></li></ul></div><button class="bZRhvx jzuiJt fPSBzf kSmiQp legDhJ gzHjnz ddgCQn hDGJaH dYGObl AHTHu AHTHd gNnTtK kghvgt jHhPMr fagWSd eXJFak" title="Toggle author information panel" aria-label="Toggle author information panel" aria-controls="article-authors-bios" aria-expanded="false"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX" viewBox="0 0 960 960" style="--svg-width:1.5em;--svg-height:1.5em"><use href="/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#angle-down"></use></svg></button></div></div><div id="article-authors-bios"></div><div><h2 id="abstract" class="frarrB gsjAMe">Abstract</h2><div class="eSEnRK erRRVO dNXUQo cjzFSm JUYHF bqmeqr bInrdi dCSLQl jhQjpY ibCwtb cEaIEN hpftSi jYADwv fSrteL gCaouQ bpiJH fMDMgT euvmnb dWEByn lhewWf kzWhjJ kGrTuD dINDpi cMEHgi joaZnP ckxHlM enUkly grOQmn gNPIvT jERTDL cwBrTF jCafsy eKfPsn kDvOvm eNYtiW jBYKcI wQfnp juzEmB epmuvM jxASez dxaDoa hAMuHi jBBExG nTSai fRdekv fnFPHJ gJNujC kEWxAo bHjWUJ eMxTUw dlxxQW dvknbV fFtpRP dxzIlt iEgVSh fckrva grndIc kmqrqt krLtwY cCAxWr kVhtyM iztRDP liMYqy ovoga fZVqxR bIDaVq ihfBBT jcxVWj kmBHnL dESszd eubqet kIepeo iacOaP cTSgTJ jLLntq fUakio fwHzea dkXDMO bnuHOn knxlOo gAofhl igxpLC kKUitp klpVDy iLBNjq dwlUMG ixJHCD kyIBgn thMLB iVlhWp jEryfO dPhvLs eGCfDJ kjJSbn bBqmsj xxWbw hxHqQC qmLyI udWtD dLDUgN fNBxGI eFsFfP gKssyu iBLeSY">This is a dataset gathered to assess the state of open science practices in phytolith research. All articles presenting primary phytolith data were extracted from 16 prominent archaeological and palaeoecological journals between 2009 and 2018. In total, the dataset contains information on 341 articles. This included archaeological (n = 214), palaeoenvironmental (n = 53) and methodological (n = 74) studies. Information was recorded regarding the data location and what type of data was included in the text and as supplementary files. There was also data recorded in relation to open access, picture inclusion, use of the International code for Phytolith Nomenclature (ICPN) and the inclusion of a full method.</div></div><div class="fPSBzf deTnQX"><span id="article-keywords" class="gsjAMe">Keywords:</span><ul aria-labelledby="article-keywords"><li class="nVRGN kBHUWh"><span class="eSEnRK erRRVO dNXUQo cjzFSm JUYHF bqmeqr bInrdi dCSLQl jhQjpY ibCwtb cEaIEN hpftSi jYADwv fSrteL gCaouQ bpiJH fMDMgT euvmnb dWEByn lhewWf kzWhjJ kGrTuD dINDpi cMEHgi joaZnP ckxHlM enUkly grOQmn gNPIvT jERTDL cwBrTF jCafsy eKfPsn kDvOvm eNYtiW jBYKcI wQfnp juzEmB epmuvM jxASez dxaDoa hAMuHi jBBExG nTSai fRdekv fnFPHJ gJNujC kEWxAo bHjWUJ eMxTUw dlxxQW dvknbV fFtpRP dxzIlt iEgVSh fckrva grndIc kmqrqt krLtwY cCAxWr kVhtyM iztRDP liMYqy ovoga fZVqxR bIDaVq ihfBBT jcxVWj kmBHnL dESszd eubqet kIepeo iacOaP cTSgTJ jLLntq fUakio fwHzea dkXDMO bnuHOn knxlOo gAofhl igxpLC kKUitp klpVDy iLBNjq dwlUMG ixJHCD kyIBgn thMLB iVlhWp jEryfO dPhvLs eGCfDJ kjJSbn bBqmsj xxWbw hxHqQC qmLyI udWtD dLDUgN fNBxGI eFsFfP gKssyu"><a href="/en/search?q=Phytolith">Phytolith</a></span></li><li class="nVRGN kBHUWh"><span class="eSEnRK erRRVO dNXUQo cjzFSm JUYHF bqmeqr bInrdi dCSLQl jhQjpY ibCwtb cEaIEN hpftSi jYADwv fSrteL gCaouQ bpiJH fMDMgT euvmnb dWEByn lhewWf kzWhjJ kGrTuD dINDpi cMEHgi joaZnP ckxHlM enUkly grOQmn gNPIvT jERTDL cwBrTF jCafsy eKfPsn kDvOvm eNYtiW jBYKcI wQfnp juzEmB epmuvM jxASez dxaDoa hAMuHi jBBExG nTSai fRdekv fnFPHJ gJNujC kEWxAo bHjWUJ eMxTUw dlxxQW dvknbV fFtpRP dxzIlt iEgVSh fckrva grndIc kmqrqt krLtwY cCAxWr kVhtyM iztRDP liMYqy ovoga fZVqxR bIDaVq ihfBBT jcxVWj kmBHnL dESszd eubqet kIepeo iacOaP cTSgTJ jLLntq fUakio fwHzea dkXDMO bnuHOn knxlOo gAofhl igxpLC kKUitp klpVDy iLBNjq dwlUMG ixJHCD kyIBgn thMLB iVlhWp jEryfO dPhvLs eGCfDJ kjJSbn bBqmsj xxWbw hxHqQC qmLyI udWtD dLDUgN fNBxGI eFsFfP gKssyu"><a href="/en/search?q=Archaeobotany">Archaeobotany</a></span></li><li class="nVRGN kBHUWh"><span class="eSEnRK erRRVO dNXUQo cjzFSm JUYHF bqmeqr bInrdi dCSLQl jhQjpY ibCwtb cEaIEN hpftSi jYADwv fSrteL gCaouQ bpiJH fMDMgT euvmnb dWEByn lhewWf kzWhjJ kGrTuD dINDpi cMEHgi joaZnP ckxHlM enUkly grOQmn gNPIvT jERTDL cwBrTF jCafsy eKfPsn kDvOvm eNYtiW jBYKcI wQfnp juzEmB epmuvM jxASez dxaDoa hAMuHi jBBExG nTSai fRdekv fnFPHJ gJNujC kEWxAo bHjWUJ eMxTUw dlxxQW dvknbV fFtpRP dxzIlt iEgVSh fckrva grndIc kmqrqt krLtwY cCAxWr kVhtyM iztRDP liMYqy ovoga fZVqxR bIDaVq ihfBBT jcxVWj kmBHnL dESszd eubqet kIepeo iacOaP cTSgTJ jLLntq fUakio fwHzea dkXDMO bnuHOn knxlOo gAofhl igxpLC kKUitp klpVDy iLBNjq dwlUMG ixJHCD kyIBgn thMLB iVlhWp jEryfO dPhvLs eGCfDJ kjJSbn bBqmsj xxWbw hxHqQC qmLyI udWtD dLDUgN fNBxGI eFsFfP gKssyu"><a href="/en/search?q=Open data">Open data</a></span></li><li class="nVRGN kBHUWh"><span class="eSEnRK erRRVO dNXUQo cjzFSm JUYHF bqmeqr bInrdi dCSLQl jhQjpY ibCwtb cEaIEN hpftSi jYADwv fSrteL gCaouQ bpiJH fMDMgT euvmnb dWEByn lhewWf kzWhjJ kGrTuD dINDpi cMEHgi joaZnP ckxHlM enUkly grOQmn gNPIvT jERTDL cwBrTF jCafsy eKfPsn kDvOvm eNYtiW jBYKcI wQfnp juzEmB epmuvM jxASez dxaDoa hAMuHi jBBExG nTSai fRdekv fnFPHJ gJNujC kEWxAo bHjWUJ eMxTUw dlxxQW dvknbV fFtpRP dxzIlt iEgVSh fckrva grndIc kmqrqt krLtwY cCAxWr kVhtyM iztRDP liMYqy ovoga fZVqxR bIDaVq ihfBBT jcxVWj kmBHnL dESszd eubqet kIepeo iacOaP cTSgTJ jLLntq fUakio fwHzea dkXDMO bnuHOn knxlOo gAofhl igxpLC kKUitp klpVDy iLBNjq dwlUMG ixJHCD kyIBgn thMLB iVlhWp jEryfO dPhvLs eGCfDJ kjJSbn bBqmsj xxWbw hxHqQC qmLyI udWtD dLDUgN fNBxGI eFsFfP gKssyu"><a href="/en/search?q=Open Science">Open Science</a></span></li><li class="nVRGN kBHUWh"><span class="eSEnRK erRRVO dNXUQo cjzFSm JUYHF bqmeqr bInrdi dCSLQl jhQjpY ibCwtb cEaIEN hpftSi jYADwv fSrteL gCaouQ bpiJH fMDMgT euvmnb dWEByn lhewWf kzWhjJ kGrTuD dINDpi cMEHgi joaZnP ckxHlM enUkly grOQmn gNPIvT jERTDL cwBrTF jCafsy eKfPsn kDvOvm eNYtiW jBYKcI wQfnp juzEmB epmuvM jxASez dxaDoa hAMuHi jBBExG nTSai fRdekv fnFPHJ gJNujC kEWxAo bHjWUJ eMxTUw dlxxQW dvknbV fFtpRP dxzIlt iEgVSh fckrva grndIc kmqrqt krLtwY cCAxWr kVhtyM iztRDP liMYqy ovoga fZVqxR bIDaVq ihfBBT jcxVWj kmBHnL dESszd eubqet kIepeo iacOaP cTSgTJ jLLntq fUakio fwHzea dkXDMO bnuHOn knxlOo gAofhl igxpLC kKUitp klpVDy iLBNjq dwlUMG ixJHCD kyIBgn thMLB iVlhWp jEryfO dPhvLs eGCfDJ kjJSbn bBqmsj xxWbw hxHqQC qmLyI udWtD dLDUgN fNBxGI eFsFfP gKssyu"><a href="/en/search?q=Open access">Open access</a></span></li></ul></div><div><div class="fPSBzf iLbQFp gBxyZZ kSmiQp hZMpBL dpIsHn ldVkre jjIdTr caeGBz iZlhVq fFsbiy ZlJQT"><div class="hYZFkb legDhJ fPSBzf gasSYy dxKKNQ dAeywj"><div>Year: 2020</div><span class="eSEnRK erRRVO dNXUQo cjzFSm JUYHF bqmeqr bInrdi dCSLQl jhQjpY ibCwtb cEaIEN hpftSi jYADwv fSrteL gCaouQ bpiJH fMDMgT euvmnb dWEByn lhewWf kzWhjJ kGrTuD dINDpi cMEHgi joaZnP ckxHlM enUkly grOQmn gNPIvT jERTDL cwBrTF jCafsy eKfPsn kDvOvm eNYtiW jBYKcI wQfnp juzEmB epmuvM jxASez dxaDoa hAMuHi jBBExG nTSai fRdekv fnFPHJ gJNujC kEWxAo bHjWUJ eMxTUw dlxxQW dvknbV fFtpRP dxzIlt iEgVSh fckrva grndIc kmqrqt krLtwY cCAxWr kVhtyM iztRDP liMYqy ovoga fZVqxR bIDaVq ihfBBT jcxVWj kmBHnL dESszd eubqet kIepeo iacOaP cTSgTJ jLLntq fUakio fwHzea dkXDMO bnuHOn knxlOo gAofhl igxpLC kKUitp klpVDy iLBNjq dwlUMG ixJHCD kyIBgn thMLB iVlhWp jEryfO dPhvLs eGCfDJ kjJSbn bBqmsj xxWbw hxHqQC qmLyI udWtD dLDUgN fNBxGI eFsFfP gKssyu"><a href="/en/8/volume/8/issue/1">Volume 8</a></span><div>Page/Article: 6</div><span class="eSEnRK erRRVO dNXUQo cjzFSm JUYHF bqmeqr bInrdi dCSLQl jhQjpY ibCwtb cEaIEN hpftSi jYADwv fSrteL gCaouQ bpiJH fMDMgT euvmnb dWEByn lhewWf kzWhjJ kGrTuD dINDpi cMEHgi joaZnP ckxHlM enUkly grOQmn gNPIvT jERTDL cwBrTF jCafsy eKfPsn kDvOvm eNYtiW jBYKcI wQfnp juzEmB epmuvM jxASez dxaDoa hAMuHi jBBExG nTSai fRdekv fnFPHJ gJNujC kEWxAo bHjWUJ eMxTUw dlxxQW dvknbV fFtpRP dxzIlt iEgVSh fckrva grndIc kmqrqt krLtwY cCAxWr kVhtyM iztRDP liMYqy ovoga fZVqxR bIDaVq ihfBBT jcxVWj kmBHnL dESszd eubqet kIepeo iacOaP cTSgTJ jLLntq fUakio fwHzea dkXDMO bnuHOn knxlOo gAofhl igxpLC kKUitp klpVDy iLBNjq dwlUMG ixJHCD kyIBgn thMLB iVlhWp jEryfO dPhvLs eGCfDJ kjJSbn bBqmsj xxWbw hxHqQC qmLyI udWtD dLDUgN fNBxGI eFsFfP gKssyu"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.5334/joad.67">DOI: 10.5334/joad.67</a></span></div></div><div class="fPSBzf iLbQFp gBxyZZ kSmiQp hZMpBL dpIsHn ldVkre jjIdTr caeGBz iZlhVq fFsbiy ZlJQT"><div class="hYZFkb legDhJ fPSBzf gasSYy dxKKNQ dAeywj"><div class="fPSBzf kSmiQp flSamE"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX" viewBox="0 0 960 960" style="--svg-width:1em"><use href="/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#note"></use></svg><span>Published on Sep 18, 2020</span></div></div><div class="hYZFkb legDhJ fPSBzf gasSYy dxKKNQ dAeywj"><div class="fPSBzf kSmiQp flSamE"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX" viewBox="0 0 960 960" style="--svg-width:1em"><use href="/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#quick-reference-all"></use></svg><span>Peer Reviewed</span></div><div class="fPSBzf kSmiQp flSamE"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="kXATDT fibjxV 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3.0</a></span></div></div></div><div class="fPSBzf iLbQFp gBxyZZ kSmiQp hZMpBL dpIsHn ldVkre jjIdTr caeGBz iZlhVq fFsbiy ZlJQT"><div class="hYZFkb legDhJ fPSBzf gasSYy dxKKNQ dAeywj"><div id="metrics-widget" class="hjuNYN cqNQxY fXbTFI bdGsBn byVAeH tuwIP ctLSKb fnpDaH iiIMzD hYZFkb lblIpm iKtpBp hPkmye cnqKQp BFFJM caMmJY ijCakx bKGsFL hZTwFm hBRKmo dKYHSy HxTwI kddXPj! fjcOwn fWwgUP hwFGSe fKVlRM iJiXGQ ifUNXL cSvVXO cHxRzq goizbz"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="dTmsfw"><div class="eSEnRK erRRVO dNXUQo cjzFSm JUYHF bqmeqr bInrdi dCSLQl jhQjpY ibCwtb cEaIEN hpftSi jYADwv fSrteL gCaouQ bpiJH fMDMgT euvmnb dWEByn lhewWf kzWhjJ kGrTuD dINDpi cMEHgi joaZnP ckxHlM enUkly grOQmn gNPIvT jERTDL cwBrTF jCafsy eKfPsn kDvOvm eNYtiW jBYKcI wQfnp juzEmB epmuvM jxASez dxaDoa hAMuHi jBBExG nTSai fRdekv fnFPHJ gJNujC kEWxAo bHjWUJ eMxTUw dlxxQW dvknbV fFtpRP dxzIlt iEgVSh fckrva grndIc kmqrqt krLtwY cCAxWr kVhtyM iztRDP liMYqy ovoga fZVqxR bIDaVq ihfBBT jcxVWj kmBHnL dESszd eubqet kIepeo iacOaP cTSgTJ jLLntq fUakio fwHzea dkXDMO bnuHOn knxlOo gAofhl igxpLC kKUitp klpVDy iLBNjq dwlUMG ixJHCD kyIBgn thMLB iVlhWp jEryfO dPhvLs eGCfDJ kjJSbn bBqmsj xxWbw hxHqQC qmLyI udWtD dLDUgN fNBxGI eFsFfP gKssyu iBLeSY"><div class="kCkdZx dOTQVs iOtMSR WdXym brPewL gWhLoO qLgTi ciJhqS ibCwtb jGKNKW dMDgBc jCPwxW jYADwv enxAPC aEZgq kPJDhF bpiJH jKFBiG dAINnd eTBihp dWEByn ersonm hKWGrC kGSwJ kGrTuD hbVqJu dfWHWr UnCJu lkmdsW gPuyWR ioFMdR gXYQWv eWDFUl jXGYvB jJcaKz kqFIvj dBuRhU jpPGqC eMKZco srYym jyhLpj iEhJMT eoWnUn kUksiv ewxzDg ilhdUd wgPZv jdquTd fNRizL fqrWkL kBzhbE ihrJwh fquMDB fgRgOF COqHq jIHmpV gjIiWD kvpqeI kGzIpw iRJLOP hGMvRu lbdeBI fMaRD juIcfJ cucZgT eRwyIu lmWXWU bDJvJj iuOgCK iLoSRl fUGxRt kgsySf dgpYOt gSgsEu"><div xmlns:tei="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:oasis="http://docs.oasis-open.org/ns/oasis-exchange/table" id="xml-article"> <div id="middle" class="article-body"> <div> <h2 id="1-overview" class="article-division" tabindex="-1">(1) Overview</h2> <div> <h3 id="context" tabindex="-1">Context</h3> <p>Open science practices are an increasingly important element of scientific research that are likely to become a requirement of every journal, funding body and employer. It is based on four pillars: open data, open methods (protocols and code), open papers and open reviews [<span class="xref"><strong><button data-state="closed" class="AxjtU foDtdn bbYXSC dxVcBS"><a href="#B9" data-scroll="#B9" rel="footnote" id="main-text-B9" class="scroll-link">9</a></button></strong></span>]. This movement seeks to open up science to the wider community, both academic and the public, by making all scientific outputs available to enable greater transparency. The adoption of these approaches will facilitate more efficient transfer of skills and knowledge throughout the research community, and so improve the diversity of the discipline and equity of access. A discussion of open science in Archaeology by Marwick <em>et al.</em> [<span class="xref"><strong><button data-state="closed" class="AxjtU foDtdn bbYXSC dxVcBS"><a href="#B7" data-scroll="#B7" rel="footnote" id="main-text-B7" class="scroll-link">7</a></button></strong></span>] identifies specific practices that will benefit researchers and the wider scientific community: i) the use of pre-prints; ii) depositing data in repositories; and iii) transparent and reproducible workflows. However, in many scientific fields the current extent of these practices is unknown and therefore reviews need to be conducted to assess the current situation.</p> <p>As much of the output of scientific research is publications in journal articles, there have been several journal article reviews of data sharing, and other aspects of open science, conducted in archaeology but none concerning phytolith research [<span class="xref"><strong><button data-state="closed" class="AxjtU foDtdn bbYXSC dxVcBS"><a href="#B4" data-scroll="#B4" rel="footnote" id="main-text-B4" class="scroll-link">4</a></button></strong></span><span class="xref"><strong><span class="gen">, </span><button data-state="closed" class="AxjtU foDtdn bbYXSC dxVcBS"><a href="#B5" data-scroll="#B5" rel="footnote" id="main-text-B5" class="scroll-link">5</a></button></strong></span><span class="xref"><strong><span class="gen">, </span><button data-state="closed" class="AxjtU foDtdn bbYXSC dxVcBS"><a href="#B8" data-scroll="#B8" rel="footnote" id="main-text-B8" class="scroll-link">8</a></button></strong></span>]. Recent reviews of archaeological science [<span class="xref"><strong><button data-state="closed" class="AxjtU foDtdn bbYXSC dxVcBS"><a href="#B8" data-scroll="#B8" rel="footnote" id="main-text-B8" class="scroll-link">8</a></button></strong></span>] and macro-botanical remains [<span class="xref"><strong><button data-state="closed" class="AxjtU foDtdn bbYXSC dxVcBS"><a href="#B5" data-scroll="#B5" rel="footnote" id="main-text-B5" class="scroll-link">5</a></button></strong></span>] found low levels of data sharing, 53% and 56% respectively. It was therefore important to assess where phytolith research was in relation to other sub-disciplines of environmental archaeology and archaeological science in general.</p> <p>The use of phytolith analysis for archaeological and palaeoecological studies has been increasing in recent year in terms of its methods and their applications [<span class="xref"><strong><button data-state="closed" class="AxjtU foDtdn bbYXSC dxVcBS"><a href="#B1" data-scroll="#B1" rel="footnote" id="main-text-B1" class="scroll-link">1</a></button></strong></span><span class="xref"><strong><span class="gen">, </span><button data-state="closed" class="AxjtU foDtdn bbYXSC dxVcBS"><a href="#B3" data-scroll="#B3" rel="footnote" id="main-text-B3" class="scroll-link">3</a></button></strong></span>] Phytoliths are silica bodies that are formed within plant cells during the lifetime of the plant and can be used to identify plant taxa to different taxonomic levels [<span class="xref"><strong><button data-state="closed" class="AxjtU foDtdn bbYXSC dxVcBS"><a href="#B11" data-scroll="#B11" rel="footnote" id="main-text-B11" class="scroll-link">11</a></button></strong></span>]. Phytolith analysis is not only used to examine the floral component of past sediments from archaeological sites and their wider environment but is now increasingly being used for radiocarbon dating and isotope analysis [<span class="xref"><strong><button data-state="closed" class="AxjtU foDtdn bbYXSC dxVcBS"><a href="#B2" data-scroll="#B2" rel="footnote" id="main-text-B2" class="scroll-link">2</a></button></strong></span><span class="xref"><strong><span class="gen">, </span><button data-state="closed" class="AxjtU foDtdn bbYXSC dxVcBS"><a href="#B12" data-scroll="#B12" rel="footnote" id="main-text-B12" class="scroll-link">12</a></button></strong></span><span class="xref"><strong><span class="gen">, </span><button data-state="closed" class="AxjtU foDtdn bbYXSC dxVcBS"><a href="#B13" data-scroll="#B13" rel="footnote" id="main-text-B13" class="scroll-link">13</a></button></strong></span>]. Extraction of phytoliths from artefacts and ecofacts, such as grinding stones, tooth calculus and pottery, are innovations that are addressing new archaeological questions [<span class="xref"><strong><button data-state="closed" class="AxjtU foDtdn bbYXSC dxVcBS"><a href="#B1" data-scroll="#B1" rel="footnote" id="main-text-B1" class="scroll-link">1</a></button></strong></span><span class="xref"><strong><span class="gen">, </span><button data-state="closed" class="AxjtU foDtdn bbYXSC dxVcBS"><a href="#B10" data-scroll="#B10" rel="footnote" id="main-text-B10" class="scroll-link">10</a></button></strong></span>].</p> <p>It is therefore important that this increase in research and particularly the upsurge in publications with associated data is made as useful to other colleagues as possible. Embedding open science practices in a research project will allow for the greatest transparency and therefore the ability for other researchers to validate findings and build on research. Knowing the current extent of open science practices in phytolith research highlights areas in need of improvement and enables guidelines to be established to bring researchers in closer alignment to good open science practices.</p> </div> <div> <h3 id="spatial-coverage" tabindex="-1">Spatial coverage</h3> <p>Articles in this study cover a global range.</p> </div> <div> <h3 id="temporal-coverage" tabindex="-1">Temporal coverage</h3> <p>Articles in this study are not restricted to one particular time period. They range from studies of the palaeoenvironments of early hominids to historical archaeological sites. It also includes articles focused on methodological studies of modern environments.</p> </div> </div> <div> <h2 id="2-methods" class="article-division" tabindex="-1">(2) Methods</h2> <p>This dataset was designed to complement the dataset produced by Lodwick [<span class="xref"><strong><button data-state="closed" class="AxjtU foDtdn bbYXSC dxVcBS"><a href="#B5" data-scroll="#B5" rel="footnote" id="main-text-B5" class="scroll-link">5</a></button></strong></span>]. Therefore, the same journals (see Table <span class="xref"><a href="#T1">1</a></span> for the list of journals sampled) and same period (2009–2018) were sampled. This enabled the two datasets to be compared as they both concern sub-disciplines of archaeobotany.</p> <div id="T1"><div class="table-wrapper"> <div class="caption"> <p class="label">Table 1</p> <p>List of journals and categories used by [<span class="xref"><strong><button data-state="closed" class="AxjtU foDtdn bbYXSC dxVcBS"><a href="#B5" data-scroll="#B5" rel="footnote" id="main-text-B5" class="scroll-link">5</a></button></strong></span>] and also in this dataset.</p> </div> <div class="table-scroll"><table width="100%" class="bm"><tr><th align="left" valign="top">Archaeobotanical journals</th><th align="left" valign="top">Archaeological science journals</th><th align="left" valign="top">General Archaeology</th><th align="left" valign="top">Cross-disciplinary Journals</th></tr><tr><td valign="top" colSpan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left">Vegetation History and Archaeobotany</td><td valign="top" align="left">Archaeological and anthropological science</td><td valign="top" align="left">Antiquity</td><td valign="top" align="left">PLOS One</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left"></td><td valign="top" align="left">Environmental Archaeology</td><td valign="top" align="left">Journal of Field Archaeology</td><td valign="top" align="left">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left"></td><td valign="top" align="left">The Holocene</td><td valign="top" align="left">Oxford Journal of Archaeology</td><td valign="top" align="left"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left"></td><td valign="top" align="left">Journal of Archaeological Science</td><td valign="top" align="left">Journal of Anthropological Archaeology</td><td valign="top" align="left"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left"></td><td valign="top" align="left">Journal of Archaeological Science reports</td><td valign="top" align="left">Journal of World Prehistory</td><td valign="top" align="left"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left"></td><td valign="top" align="left">Journal of Ethnobiology</td><td valign="top" align="left"></td><td valign="top" align="left"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left"></td><td valign="top" align="left">Quaternary International</td><td valign="top" align="left"></td><td valign="top" align="left"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left"></td><td valign="top" align="left">Journal of Wetland Archaeology</td><td valign="top" align="left"></td><td valign="top" align="left"></td></tr></table></div> <div class="caption"></div> </div></div> <div> <h3 id="steps" tabindex="-1">Steps</h3> <p>To find the articles needed for this research on open science practices in phytolith research, the following steps were taken:</p> <ol class="numbered-list"> <li>The author accessed the journal website and searched the term ‘Phytolith’.</li> <li>This was then refined to the 10-year period required (2009–2018).</li> <li>Once the list of articles was found, each article in the list was examined for primary phytolith data. Only articles that provided primary data were selected for the dataset. The articles could be archaeological, palaeoenvironmental or methodological. This was determined from the main focus of the article and the research questions being addressed. There is often overlap between palaeoenvironmental and archaeological studies and therefore some articles could have fallen into either category. In these cases, the author put the articles into the archaeological category as they were focused on samples from an archaeological site.</li> </ol> <p>A full list of the categories (column headings) recorded in the dataset can be found in Table <span class="xref"><a href="#T2">2</a></span>. This also sets out the key to the codes used. The categories recorded from each article were selected to gain the most information concerning open science practices therefore they included open access, data sharing and other information provided with the articles such as methods, pictures and use of the International Code for Phytolith Nomenclature (ICPN) [<span class="xref"><strong><button data-state="closed" class="AxjtU foDtdn bbYXSC dxVcBS"><a href="#B6" data-scroll="#B6" rel="footnote" id="main-text-B6" class="scroll-link">6</a></button></strong></span>]. These later categories could also be termed as the metadata. Both the raw data and metadata should be made available with all articles to allow thorough peer review and to give other researchers the opportunity to build on previous research.</p> <div id="T2"><div class="table-wrapper"> <div class="caption"> <p class="label">Table 2</p> <p>A key to categories (column headings) and codes used in the dataset.</p> </div> <div class="table-scroll"><table width="100%" class="bm"><tr><th align="left" valign="top">Category name</th><th align="left" valign="top">Codes and details recorded in category</th></tr><tr><td valign="top" colSpan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left">Journal name</td><td valign="top" align="left">Full name of the journal</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left">Journal type</td><td valign="top" align="left">Archaeobotany<br/>Archaeological science<br/>General Archaeology<br/>Cross-disciplinary</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left">Year</td><td valign="top" align="left">Range between 2009 and 2018</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left">Title</td><td valign="top" align="left">Full title of the article</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left">DOI</td><td valign="top" align="left">DOI code</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left">Region</td><td valign="top" align="left">Geographic country of study –geonames used to standardise (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.geonames.org/">https://www.geonames.org/</a>).</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left">Period</td><td valign="top" align="left">Archaeological period – dates or name of period used in the study – given in the introduction of each article.</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left">Type of study</td><td valign="top" align="left">Archaeological<br/>Palaeoenvironmental<br/>Methodological</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left">Sub-type</td><td valign="top" align="left">For methodological papers only:<br/>MRS = Modern reference soil/habitat<br/>MRP = Modern reference plant<br/>M = Morphometrics<br/>T = Taphonomy<br/>R = Radiocarbon dating<br/>MD = Method development</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left">Data location</td><td valign="top" align="left">N = no data given<br/>Table<br/>Graph<br/>.docx = word document<br/>pdf<br/>.xlsx = excel spreadsheet<br/>.csv<br/>Repository</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left">Raw count data in re-useable format (supp material as excel or csv, or in repository)</td><td valign="top" align="left">Y = Yes<br/>N = No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left">Pictures/photos provided of phytolith morphotypes</td><td valign="top" align="left">Y = Yes<br/>N = No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left">Open access article</td><td valign="top" align="left">Y = Yes<br/>N = No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left">Open journal</td><td valign="top" align="left">Y = Yes<br/>N = No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left">Other access found</td><td valign="top" align="left">N/A – open access articles already.<br/>Research gate<br/>Academia<br/>Repository – other than social media ones above<br/>6 months – article made available after 6 months by journal<br/>N – had to request<br/>N – could not request</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left">Used ICPN 1.0</td><td valign="top" align="left">Y = Yes<br/>N = No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left">Full methods given</td><td valign="top" align="left">Y/N<br/>Y = Written in full in the text/supplementary file or referenced the use of one method article.</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left">Other details – details of data given.</td><td valign="top" align="left">More detail of the types of data were recorded – what form the data was provided in – raw counts/absolute counts/percentage/types of graphs, etc.</td></tr></table></div> <div class="caption"></div> </div></div> <p>The author decided to simplify the collection of data from the selected articles by taking a presence/absence approach to most of the categories in the dataset. Therefore, several categories need further clarification as to how they were recorded as Yes or No answers:</p> <ul class="list"> <li> <em>Raw count data in re-useable format</em> – there was a wide variety of data presentation methods and types of data found in the articles and recording all of these would not add anything to the argument of data reusability (it was recorded in the other details section of the dataset). Therefore, the author determined that to enable other researchers to reuse phytolith data, the raw counts and the weights taken during processing need to be provided. This is the actual raw data created in phytolith analysis and making this available will allow other researchers to conduct any form of analyses on the data. This data also needs to be in a format easily accessible, therefore, to get a Yes for this category the raw count data needed to also be in an excel spreadsheet, csv file or in an open repository as an excel or csv file.</li> <li> <em>Picture of phytolith morphotypes</em> – this could be photographs or diagrams of the morphotypes identified in the study. These are important for validation of identification.</li> <li> <em>Other access found</em> – many of the journal articles were not Gold open access. However, the author felt that it was important to record how available these articles were online in other locations. Many researchers post their articles on academic social media sites such as Research gate and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://academia.edu/">Academia.edu</a> or make them available through open repositories such as their own university repositories. This meant that a true sense of the openness of the publications in this study was determined.</li> <li> <em>Use of ICPN 1.0</em> – an effort has been made by the phytolith community to standardise the nomenclature used in research. The author wanted to determine to what extent this was being used, as the standardisation and use of specific codes for morphotypes is important for the reuse of data.</li> <li> <em>Full method</em> – it was determined that a full method was supplied if a full description of the phytolith extraction process (from sediment or plant material) was given in the text of the article or as a supplementary file, or there was a clear reference to one methodological paper.</li> </ul> </div> <div> <h3 id="quality-control" tabindex="-1">Quality Control</h3> <p>Once the data collection stage was completed, the dataset was checked for spelling mistakes and consistency of terms. All entries were checked for inconsistencies using Table <span class="xref"><a href="#T2">2</a></span> to confirm that the codes used and the criteria for presence/absence categories were applied correctly. Location (Region) data was standardised to countries using geonames (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.geonames.org/">https://www.geonames.org/</a>).</p> </div> <div> <h3 id="constraints" tabindex="-1">Constraints</h3> <p>The period category was entered for archaeological articles only, however, standardising these entries proved difficult due to the global nature of the dataset. Named periods often have different meanings in different geographic regions. Therefore, this data was not standardised and was collected as either a period name, date or date range given in the introduction of the article.</p> <p>The decision to use a presence/absence category to record the sharing of raw data was determined partly by problems with labelling tables and graphs in the published articles. Some of the data was not labelled adequately to allow the type of data to be determined.</p> <p>Another factor that did not constrain but hindered the collection of data was the poor labelling of supplementary data files. Often the files were labelled as supplementary file 1, with no other explanation of the contents of the file in the title. It was also found that these files were not adequately referred to in the text. Therefore, to determine what the file contained, it had to be downloaded. If a researcher was collating a large amount of data for meta-analysis, this lack of labelling would add considerably to their workload. All supplementary files in this dataset were downloaded and examined for the completion of the dataset.</p> </div> </div> <div> <h2 id="3-dataset-description" class="article-division" tabindex="-1">(3) Dataset description</h2> <div> <h3 id="object-name" tabindex="-1">Object name</h3> <p>Raw data table for Karoune 2020 Assessing Open Science Practices in Phytolith Research – information extracted from 341 articles of primary phytolith data from 16 archaeology and palaeoecology journals between 2009–2018.</p> <p>Key to codes for Karoune 2020 – description of the data and codes used in each column heading of the dataset.</p> </div> <div> <h3 id="data-type" tabindex="-1">Data type</h3> <p>Primary and secondary data.</p> </div> <div> <h3 id="format-names-and-versions" tabindex="-1">Format Names and Versions</h3> <p>Raw data table for Karoune 2020 Assessing Open Science Practices in Phytolith Research – CSV file.</p> <p>Key to codes for Karoune 2020 – CSV file.</p> </div> <div> <h3 id="creation-dates" tabindex="-1">Creation Dates</h3> <p>Dataset created between October 2019 to June 2020.</p> </div> <div> <h3 id="dataset-creators" tabindex="-1">Dataset Creators</h3> <p>The primary researcher responsible for the data collection was Emma Karoune.</p> </div> <div> <h3 id="language" tabindex="-1">Language</h3> <p>English</p> </div> <div> <h3 id="license" tabindex="-1">License</h3> <p>CC0 1.0 Universal</p> </div> <div> <h3 id="repository-location" tabindex="-1">Repository Location</h3> <p>Open Science Framework: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://osf.io/8p3bn/">https://osf.io/8p3bn/</a></p> </div> <div> <h3 id="publication-date" tabindex="-1">Publication Date</h3> <p>23/07/2020</p> </div> </div> <div> <h2 id="4-reuse-potential" class="article-division" tabindex="-1">(4) Reuse Potential</h2> <p>There are several potential ways that this data could be reused. Firstly, this dataset adds to the growing review of open science practice in Archaeology and more specifically Environmental Archaeology. It could therefore be collated with other evidence or built upon further to draw together an overview throughout the discipline.</p> <p>It could serve as an aid to teaching open science practices. The dataset could be used for a simple data analysis task for students in teaching modules, along with other such evidence from Archaeology or Science in general.</p> <p>The dataset could also be used in teaching environmental archaeology, particularly phytoliths or archaeobotany modules. It could aid the teaching of data analysis and discussions concerning academic publishing and the application of open science practices.</p> <p>Within phytolith research, this dataset can be used by the phytolith community to examine the way forward in terms of drawing up guidelines for data sharing and open science practices in this field.</p> <p>In terms of academic publishing, this data could be used by journal editors to draw up guidelines for journal data availability policies.</p> </div> </div> <div id="back" class="article-references"> <div class="capture-id"> <h2 id="acknowledgements" class="article-division" tabindex="-1">Acknowledgements</h2> <p>This project was supported by the phytolith community through those that have made their articles open access or deposited them in an online repository. I offer my thanks to those colleagues that answered my emails for articles and supplementary file requests. I am also grateful to colleagues that sent me articles that I was unable to access through other means – Dr Ruth Pelling and Professor Dorian Fuller. Special thanks go to Rand Evett, who works to maintain of the International Phytolith Society bibliography and offered much help to enable me to access supplementary files to finish the dataset. I also offer thanks to the three reviewers that wrote very fair and constructive reviews that helped to improve this article and the dataset.</p> </div> <div> <h2 id="competing-interests" tabindex="-1">Competing Interests</h2> <p>The author has no competing interests to declare.</p> </div> <div id="references"> <h2 id="references" tabindex="-1">References</h2> <ol class="reference-list"> <li id="B1"> <a href="#B1" rel="footnote" style="display:none"></a><p>Hart, TC 2016 Issues and direction in phytolith analysis. <em>Journal of Archaeological Science</em>, 68: 24–31. DOI: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2016.03.001">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2016.03.001</a><a href="#main-text-B1" data-scroll="#main-text-B1" class="scroll-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT" viewBox="0 0 960 960" style="--svg-width:1.5em"><use href="/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward"></use></svg></a></p> </li> <li id="B2"> <a href="#B2" rel="footnote" style="display:none"></a><p>Hodson, MJ, Parker, AG, Leng, MJ and Sloane, HJ 2008 Silicon, oxygen and carbon isotope composition of wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) phytoliths: implications for palaeoecology and archaeology. <em>Journal of Quaternary Science</em>, 23: 331–339. DOI: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1176">https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1176</a><a href="#main-text-B2" data-scroll="#main-text-B2" class="scroll-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT" viewBox="0 0 960 960" style="--svg-width:1.5em"><use href="/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward"></use></svg></a></p> </li> <li id="B3"> <a href="#B3" rel="footnote" style="display:none"></a><p>Hodson, MJ, Song, Z, Ball, TB, Elbaum, R and Stuyt, E 2020 Editorial: Frontiers in Phytolith Research. <em>Frontiers in Plant Science</em>, 11(454): 5–7. DOI: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00454">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00454</a><a href="#main-text-B3" data-scroll="#main-text-B3" class="scroll-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT" viewBox="0 0 960 960" style="--svg-width:1.5em"><use href="/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward"></use></svg></a></p> </li> <li id="B4"> <a href="#B4" rel="footnote" style="display:none"></a><p>Kansa, SW, Atici, L, Kansa, EC and Meadows, RH 2020 Archaeological analysis in the information age: guidelines for maximising the reach, comprehensiveness and longevity of data. <em>Advances in Archaeological Practice</em>, 8(1): 40–52. 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DOI: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.5334/oq.62">https://doi.org/10.5334/oq.62</a><a href="#main-text-B5" data-scroll="#main-text-B5" class="scroll-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT" viewBox="0 0 960 960" style="--svg-width:1.5em"><use href="/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward"></use></svg></a></p> </li> <li id="B6"> <a href="#B6" rel="footnote" style="display:none"></a><p>Madella, M, Alexandre, A and Ball, T 2005 International code for phytolith nomenclature 1.0. <em>Annals of Botany</em>, 96: 253–260. DOI: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci172">https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci172</a><a href="#main-text-B6" data-scroll="#main-text-B6" class="scroll-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT" viewBox="0 0 960 960" style="--svg-width:1.5em"><use href="/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward"></use></svg></a></p> </li> <li id="B7"> <a href="#B7" rel="footnote" style="display:none"></a><p>Marwick, B, et al. 2017 Open Science in Archaeology. <em>The SAA Archaeological Record</em>, 17(4): 8–14. DOI: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/72n8g">https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/72n8g</a><a href="#main-text-B7" data-scroll="#main-text-B7" class="scroll-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT" viewBox="0 0 960 960" style="--svg-width:1.5em"><use href="/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward"></use></svg></a></p> </li> <li id="B8"> <a href="#B8" rel="footnote" style="display:none"></a><p>Marwick, B and Pilaar Birch, SE 2018 A standard for the scholarly citation of archaeological data as an incentive to data sharing. <em>Advances in Archaeological Practice</em>, 6(2): 125–143. DOI: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/aap.2018.3">https://doi.org/10.1017/aap.2018.3</a><a href="#main-text-B8" data-scroll="#main-text-B8" class="scroll-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT" viewBox="0 0 960 960" style="--svg-width:1.5em"><use href="/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward"></use></svg></a></p> </li> <li id="B9"> <a href="#B9" rel="footnote" style="display:none"></a><p>Masuzzo, P and Martens, L 2017 Do you speak open science? Resources and tips to learn the language. <em>Peerj Preprints</em>, 5: e2689v1. DOI: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2689v1">https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2689v1</a><a href="#main-text-B9" data-scroll="#main-text-B9" class="scroll-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT" viewBox="0 0 960 960" style="--svg-width:1.5em"><use href="/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward"></use></svg></a></p> </li> <li id="B10"> <a href="#B10" rel="footnote" style="display:none"></a><p>Pearsall, DM 2019 <em>Case studies in Paleoethnobotany</em>. New York: Routledge. DOI: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351009683">https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351009683</a><a href="#main-text-B10" data-scroll="#main-text-B10" class="scroll-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT" viewBox="0 0 960 960" style="--svg-width:1.5em"><use href="/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward"></use></svg></a></p> </li> <li id="B11"> <a href="#B11" rel="footnote" style="display:none"></a><p>Piperno, DR 2006 <em>Phytoliths: a comprehensive guide for archaeologists and palaeoecologists</em>. Oxford: Altamira Press.<a href="#main-text-B11" data-scroll="#main-text-B11" class="scroll-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT" viewBox="0 0 960 960" style="--svg-width:1.5em"><use href="/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward"></use></svg></a></p> </li> <li id="B12"> <a href="#B12" rel="footnote" style="display:none"></a><p>Yang, S, Hao, Q, Wang, H, Van Zwieten, L, Yu, C, Liu, T, Yang, X, Zhang, X and Song, Z 2020 A review of carbon isotopes of phytoliths: implications for phytolith-occluded carbon sources. <em>Journal of Soils and Sediments</em>, 20: 1811–1823. DOI: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-019-02548-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-019-02548-4</a><a href="#main-text-B12" data-scroll="#main-text-B12" class="scroll-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT" viewBox="0 0 960 960" style="--svg-width:1.5em"><use href="/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward"></use></svg></a></p> </li> <li id="B13"> <a href="#B13" rel="footnote" style="display:none"></a><p>Zuo, X and Lu, H 2019 Phytolith Radiocarbon Dating: A Review of Previous Studies in China and the Current State of the Debate. <em>Frontiers in Plant Science</em>, 10, 1302. DOI: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01302">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01302</a><a href="#main-text-B13" data-scroll="#main-text-B13" class="scroll-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT" viewBox="0 0 960 960" style="--svg-width:1.5em"><use href="/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward"></use></svg></a></p> </li> </ol> </div> </div> <div id="article-level-0-end-metadata" class="fm"> </div> </div> </div></div></div></section></article></main><aside class="lfpFOb fiuYUG kvsxzu fZULLI eAZrqn bsEVTl jzuiJt dDHwAh bympqB klDsRy"><section style="--extra-height:5rem" class="ljXGdG fdfVFM jrnjrZ cWkHOC cnsCBk fEzDZB lnopcr eIiEcR eAZrqn faYEqN gWzzAr JCara bympqB iUHufA hJIWyj" data-no-padding="true"><div dir="ltr" data-orientation="horizontal"><div role="tablist" aria-orientation="horizontal" class="fPSBzf cgzmzJ dXscgu" tabindex="-1" data-orientation="horizontal" style="outline:none"><button 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However, in many scientific fields the current extent of these practices is unknown and therefore reviews need to be conducted to assess the current situation.\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"5\",{\"children\":[\"As much of the output of scientific research is publications in journal articles, there have been several journal article reviews of data sharing, and other aspects of open science, conducted in archaeology but none concerning phytolith research [\",[\"$\",\"span\",\"1\",{\"className\":\"xref\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L47\",null,{\"scrollId\":\"B4\",\"linkProps\":{\"href\":\"#B4\",\"data-scroll\":\"#B4\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"id\":\"main-text-B4\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\"},\"children\":\"4\"}]}]}],[\"$\",\"span\",\"2\",{\"className\":\"xref\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"span\",\"0\",{\"className\":\"gen\",\"children\":\", \"}],[\"$\",\"$L47\",\"1\",{\"scrollId\":\"B5\",\"linkProps\":{\"href\":\"#B5\",\"data-scroll\":\"#B5\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"id\":\"main-text-B5\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\"},\"children\":\"5\"}]]}]}],[\"$\",\"span\",\"3\",{\"className\":\"xref\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"span\",\"0\",{\"className\":\"gen\",\"children\":\", \"}],[\"$\",\"$L47\",\"1\",{\"scrollId\":\"B8\",\"linkProps\":{\"href\":\"#B8\",\"data-scroll\":\"#B8\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"id\":\"main-text-B8\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\"},\"children\":\"8\"}]]}]}],\"]. Recent reviews of archaeological science [\",[\"$\",\"span\",\"5\",{\"className\":\"xref\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L47\",null,{\"scrollId\":\"B8\",\"linkProps\":{\"href\":\"#B8\",\"data-scroll\":\"#B8\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"id\":\"main-text-B8\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\"},\"children\":\"8\"}]}]}],\"] and macro-botanical remains [\",[\"$\",\"span\",\"7\",{\"className\":\"xref\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L47\",null,{\"scrollId\":\"B5\",\"linkProps\":{\"href\":\"#B5\",\"data-scroll\":\"#B5\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"id\":\"main-text-B5\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\"},\"children\":\"5\"}]}]}],\"] found low levels of data sharing, 53% and 56% respectively. It was therefore important to assess where phytolith research was in relation to other sub-disciplines of environmental archaeology and archaeological science in general.\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"7\",{\"children\":[\"The use of phytolith analysis for archaeological and palaeoecological studies has been increasing in recent year in terms of its methods and their applications [\",[\"$\",\"span\",\"1\",{\"className\":\"xref\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L47\",null,{\"scrollId\":\"B1\",\"linkProps\":{\"href\":\"#B1\",\"data-scroll\":\"#B1\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"id\":\"main-text-B1\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\"},\"children\":\"1\"}]}]}],[\"$\",\"span\",\"2\",{\"className\":\"xref\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"span\",\"0\",{\"className\":\"gen\",\"children\":\", \"}],[\"$\",\"$L47\",\"1\",{\"scrollId\":\"B3\",\"linkProps\":{\"href\":\"#B3\",\"data-scroll\":\"#B3\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"id\":\"main-text-B3\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\"},\"children\":\"3\"}]]}]}],\"] Phytoliths are silica bodies that are formed within plant cells during the lifetime of the plant and can be used to identify plant taxa to different taxonomic levels [\",[\"$\",\"span\",\"4\",{\"className\":\"xref\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L47\",null,{\"scrollId\":\"B11\",\"linkProps\":{\"href\":\"#B11\",\"data-scroll\":\"#B11\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"id\":\"main-text-B11\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\"},\"children\":\"11\"}]}]}],\"]. Phytolith analysis is not only used to examine the floral component of past sediments from archaeological sites and their wider environment but is now increasingly being used for radiocarbon dating and isotope analysis [\",[\"$\",\"span\",\"6\",{\"className\":\"xref\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L47\",null,{\"scrollId\":\"B2\",\"linkProps\":{\"href\":\"#B2\",\"data-scroll\":\"#B2\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"id\":\"main-text-B2\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\"},\"children\":\"2\"}]}]}],[\"$\",\"span\",\"7\",{\"className\":\"xref\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"span\",\"0\",{\"className\":\"gen\",\"children\":\", \"}],[\"$\",\"$L47\",\"1\",{\"scrollId\":\"B12\",\"linkProps\":{\"href\":\"#B12\",\"data-scroll\":\"#B12\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"id\":\"main-text-B12\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\"},\"children\":\"12\"}]]}]}],[\"$\",\"span\",\"8\",{\"className\":\"xref\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"span\",\"0\",{\"className\":\"gen\",\"children\":\", \"}],[\"$\",\"$L47\",\"1\",{\"scrollId\":\"B13\",\"linkProps\":{\"href\":\"#B13\",\"data-scroll\":\"#B13\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"id\":\"main-text-B13\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\"},\"children\":\"13\"}]]}]}],\"]. Extraction of phytoliths from artefacts and ecofacts, such as grinding stones, tooth calculus and pottery, are innovations that are addressing new archaeological questions [\",[\"$\",\"span\",\"10\",{\"className\":\"xref\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L47\",null,{\"scrollId\":\"B1\",\"linkProps\":{\"href\":\"#B1\",\"data-scroll\":\"#B1\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"id\":\"main-text-B1\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\"},\"children\":\"1\"}]}]}],[\"$\",\"span\",\"11\",{\"className\":\"xref\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"span\",\"0\",{\"className\":\"gen\",\"children\":\", \"}],[\"$\",\"$L47\",\"1\",{\"scrollId\":\"B10\",\"linkProps\":{\"href\":\"#B10\",\"data-scroll\":\"#B10\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"id\":\"main-text-B10\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\"},\"children\":\"10\"}]]}]}],\"].\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"9\",{\"children\":\"It is therefore important that this increase in research and particularly the upsurge in publications with associated data is made as useful to other colleagues as possible. 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They range from studies of the palaeoenvironments of early hominids to historical archaeological sites. It also includes articles focused on methodological studies of modern environments.\"}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"3\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"h2\",\"1\",{\"id\":\"2-methods\",\"className\":\"article-division\",\"tabIndex\":\"-1\",\"children\":\"(2) Methods\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"3\",{\"children\":[\"This dataset was designed to complement the dataset produced by Lodwick [\",[\"$\",\"span\",\"1\",{\"className\":\"xref\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L47\",null,{\"scrollId\":\"B5\",\"linkProps\":{\"href\":\"#B5\",\"data-scroll\":\"#B5\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"id\":\"main-text-B5\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\"},\"children\":\"5\"}]}]}],\"]. Therefore, the same journals (see Table \",[\"$\",\"span\",\"3\",{\"className\":\"xref\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L1e\",null,{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#T1\",\"children\":\"1\",\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}]}],\" for the list of journals sampled) and same period (2009–2018) were sampled. 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Holocene\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"5\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Oxford Journal of Archaeology\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"7\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"11\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Journal of Archaeological Science\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"5\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Journal of Anthropological Archaeology\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"7\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"13\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Journal of Archaeological Science reports\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"5\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Journal of World Prehistory\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"7\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"15\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Journal of Ethnobiology\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"5\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"7\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"17\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Quaternary International\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"5\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"7\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"19\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Journal of Wetland Archaeology\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"5\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"7\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"$undefined\"}]]}]]}]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"5\",{\"className\":\"caption\",\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"\\n\"]}]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"7\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"h3\",\"1\",{\"id\":\"steps\",\"tabIndex\":\"-1\",\"children\":\"Steps\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"To find the articles needed for this research on open science practices in phytolith research, the following steps were taken:\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"ol\",\"5\",{\"className\":\"numbered-list\",\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"li\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"The author accessed the journal website and searched the term ‘Phytolith’.\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"li\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"This was then refined to the 10-year period required (2009–2018).\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"li\",\"5\",{\"children\":\"Once the list of articles was found, each article in the list was examined for primary phytolith data. Only articles that provided primary data were selected for the dataset. The articles could be archaeological, palaeoenvironmental or methodological. This was determined from the main focus of the article and the research questions being addressed. There is often overlap between palaeoenvironmental and archaeological studies and therefore some articles could have fallen into either category. In these cases, the author put the articles into the archaeological category as they were focused on samples from an archaeological site.\"}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"7\",{\"children\":[\"A full list of the categories (column headings) recorded in the dataset can be found in Table \",[\"$\",\"span\",\"1\",{\"className\":\"xref\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L1e\",null,{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#T2\",\"children\":\"2\",\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}]}],\". This also sets out the key to the codes used. The categories recorded from each article were selected to gain the most information concerning open science practices therefore they included open access, data sharing and other information provided with the articles such as methods, pictures and use of the International Code for Phytolith Nomenclature (ICPN) [\",[\"$\",\"span\",\"3\",{\"className\":\"xref\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L47\",null,{\"scrollId\":\"B6\",\"linkProps\":{\"href\":\"#B6\",\"data-scroll\":\"#B6\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"id\":\"main-text-B6\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\"},\"children\":\"6\"}]}]}],\"]. These later categories could also be termed as the metadata. Both the raw data and metadata should be made available with all articles to allow thorough peer review and to give other researchers the opportunity to build on previous research.\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"9\",{\"id\":\"T2\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"table-wrapper\",\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"1\",{\"className\":\"caption\",\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"1\",{\"className\":\"label\",\"children\":\"Table 2\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"A key to categories (column headings) and codes used in the dataset.\"}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"3\",{\"className\":\"table-scroll\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"table\",null,{\"width\":\"100%\",\"className\":\"bm\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"tr\",\"1\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"th\",\"1\",{\"align\":\"left\",\"valign\":\"top\",\"children\":\"Category name\"}],[\"$\",\"th\",\"3\",{\"align\":\"left\",\"valign\":\"top\",\"children\":\"Codes and details recorded in category\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"3\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"td\",null,{\"valign\":\"top\",\"colSpan\":\"2\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"hr\",null,{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}]}]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"5\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Journal name\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Full name of the journal\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"7\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Journal type\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":[\"Archaeobotany\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"Archaeological science\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"General Archaeology\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"5\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"Cross-disciplinary\"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"9\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Year\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Range between 2009 and 2018\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"11\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Title\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Full title of the article\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"13\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"DOI\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"DOI code\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"15\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Region\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":[\"Geographic country of study –geonames used to standardise (\",[\"$\",\"a\",\"1\",{\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"noopener noreferrer\",\"href\":\"https://www.geonames.org/\",\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"children\":\"https://www.geonames.org/\"}],\").\"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"17\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Period\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Archaeological period – dates or name of period used in the study – given in the introduction of each article.\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"19\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Type of study\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":[\"Archaeological\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"Palaeoenvironmental\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"Methodological\"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"21\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Sub-type\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":[\"For methodological papers only:\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"MRS = Modern reference soil/habitat\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"MRP = Modern reference plant\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"5\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"M = Morphometrics\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"7\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"T = Taphonomy\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"9\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"R = Radiocarbon dating\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"11\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"MD = Method development\"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"23\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Data location\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":[\"N = no data given\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"Table\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"Graph\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"5\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\".docx = word document\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"7\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"pdf\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"9\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\".xlsx = excel spreadsheet\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"11\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\".csv\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"13\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"Repository\"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"25\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Raw count data in re-useable format (supp material as excel or csv, or in repository)\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":[\"Y = Yes\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"N = No\"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"27\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Pictures/photos provided of phytolith morphotypes\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":[\"Y = Yes\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"N = No\"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"29\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Open access article\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":[\"Y = Yes\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"N = No\"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"31\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Open journal\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":[\"Y = Yes\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"N = No\"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"33\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Other access found\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":[\"N/A – open access articles already.\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"Research gate\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"Academia\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"5\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"Repository – other than social media ones above\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"7\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"6 months – article made available after 6 months by journal\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"9\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"N – had to request\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"11\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"N – could not request\"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"35\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Used ICPN 1.0\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":[\"Y = Yes\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"N = No\"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"37\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Full methods given\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":[\"Y/N\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"Y = Written in full in the text/supplementary file or referenced the use of one method article.\"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"tr\",\"39\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"td\",\"1\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"Other details – details of data given.\"}],[\"$\",\"td\",\"3\",{\"valign\":\"top\",\"align\":\"left\",\"children\":\"More detail of the types of data were recorded – what form the data was provided in – raw counts/absolute counts/percentage/types of graphs, etc.\"}]]}]]}]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"5\",{\"className\":\"caption\",\"children\":\"$undefined\"}],\"\\n\"]}]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"11\",{\"children\":\"The author decided to simplify the collection of data from the selected articles by taking a presence/absence approach to most of the categories in the dataset. Therefore, several categories need further clarification as to how they were recorded as Yes or No answers:\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"ul\",\"13\",{\"className\":\"list\",\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"li\",\"1\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"em\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"Raw count data in re-useable format\"}],\" – there was a wide variety of data presentation methods and types of data found in the articles and recording all of these would not add anything to the argument of data reusability (it was recorded in the other details section of the dataset). Therefore, the author determined that to enable other researchers to reuse phytolith data, the raw counts and the weights taken during processing need to be provided. This is the actual raw data created in phytolith analysis and making this available will allow other researchers to conduct any form of analyses on the data. This data also needs to be in a format easily accessible, therefore, to get a Yes for this category the raw count data needed to also be in an excel spreadsheet, csv file or in an open repository as an excel or csv file.\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"li\",\"3\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"em\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"Picture of phytolith morphotypes\"}],\" – this could be photographs or diagrams of the morphotypes identified in the study. These are important for validation of identification.\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"li\",\"5\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"em\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"Other access found\"}],\" – many of the journal articles were not Gold open access. However, the author felt that it was important to record how available these articles were online in other locations. Many researchers post their articles on academic social media sites such as Research gate and \",[\"$\",\"a\",\"3\",{\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"noopener noreferrer\",\"href\":\"http://academia.edu/\",\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"children\":\"Academia.edu\"}],\" or make them available through open repositories such as their own university repositories. This meant that a true sense of the openness of the publications in this study was determined.\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"li\",\"7\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"em\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"Use of ICPN 1.0\"}],\" – an effort has been made by the phytolith community to standardise the nomenclature used in research. The author wanted to determine to what extent this was being used, as the standardisation and use of specific codes for morphotypes is important for the reuse of data.\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"li\",\"9\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"em\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"Full method\"}],\" – it was determined that a full method was supplied if a full description of the phytolith extraction process (from sediment or plant material) was given in the text of the article or as a supplementary file, or there was a clear reference to one methodological paper.\"]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"9\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"h3\",\"1\",{\"id\":\"quality-control\",\"tabIndex\":\"-1\",\"children\":\"Quality Control\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"3\",{\"children\":[\"Once the data collection stage was completed, the dataset was checked for spelling mistakes and consistency of terms. All entries were checked for inconsistencies using Table \",[\"$\",\"span\",\"1\",{\"className\":\"xref\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L1e\",null,{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#T2\",\"children\":\"2\",\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}]}],\" to confirm that the codes used and the criteria for presence/absence categories were applied correctly. Location (Region) data was standardised to countries using geonames (\",[\"$\",\"a\",\"3\",{\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"noopener noreferrer\",\"href\":\"https://www.geonames.org/\",\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"children\":\"https://www.geonames.org/\"}],\").\"]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"11\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"h3\",\"1\",{\"id\":\"constraints\",\"tabIndex\":\"-1\",\"children\":\"Constraints\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"The period category was entered for archaeological articles only, however, standardising these entries proved difficult due to the global nature of the dataset. Named periods often have different meanings in different geographic regions. Therefore, this data was not standardised and was collected as either a period name, date or date range given in the introduction of the article.\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"5\",{\"children\":\"The decision to use a presence/absence category to record the sharing of raw data was determined partly by problems with labelling tables and graphs in the published articles. Some of the data was not labelled adequately to allow the type of data to be determined.\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"7\",{\"children\":\"Another factor that did not constrain but hindered the collection of data was the poor labelling of supplementary data files. Often the files were labelled as supplementary file 1, with no other explanation of the contents of the file in the title. It was also found that these files were not adequately referred to in the text. Therefore, to determine what the file contained, it had to be downloaded. If a researcher was collating a large amount of data for meta-analysis, this lack of labelling would add considerably to their workload. All supplementary files in this dataset were downloaded and examined for the completion of the dataset.\"}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"5\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"h2\",\"1\",{\"id\":\"3-dataset-description\",\"className\":\"article-division\",\"tabIndex\":\"-1\",\"children\":\"(3) Dataset description\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"3\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"h3\",\"1\",{\"id\":\"object-name\",\"tabIndex\":\"-1\",\"children\":\"Object name\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"Raw data table for Karoune 2020 Assessing Open Science Practices in Phytolith Research – information extracted from 341 articles of primary phytolith data from 16 archaeology and palaeoecology journals between 2009–2018.\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"5\",{\"children\":\"Key to codes for Karoune 2020 – description of the data and codes used in each column heading of the dataset.\"}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"5\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"h3\",\"1\",{\"id\":\"data-type\",\"tabIndex\":\"-1\",\"children\":\"Data type\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"Primary and secondary data.\"}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"7\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"h3\",\"1\",{\"id\":\"format-names-and-versions\",\"tabIndex\":\"-1\",\"children\":\"Format Names and Versions\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"Raw data table for Karoune 2020 Assessing Open Science Practices in Phytolith Research – CSV file.\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"5\",{\"children\":\"Key to codes for Karoune 2020 – CSV file.\"}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"9\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"h3\",\"1\",{\"id\":\"creation-dates\",\"tabIndex\":\"-1\",\"children\":\"Creation Dates\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"Dataset created between October 2019 to June 2020.\"}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"11\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"h3\",\"1\",{\"id\":\"dataset-creators\",\"tabIndex\":\"-1\",\"children\":\"Dataset Creators\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"The primary researcher responsible for the data collection was Emma Karoune.\"}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"13\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"h3\",\"1\",{\"id\":\"language\",\"tabIndex\":\"-1\",\"children\":\"Language\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"English\"}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"15\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"h3\",\"1\",{\"id\":\"license\",\"tabIndex\":\"-1\",\"children\":\"License\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"CC0 1.0 Universal\"}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"17\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"h3\",\"1\",{\"id\":\"repository-location\",\"tabIndex\":\"-1\",\"children\":\"Repository Location\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"3\",{\"children\":[\"Open Science Framework: \",[\"$\",\"a\",\"1\",{\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"noopener noreferrer\",\"href\":\"https://osf.io/8p3bn/\",\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"children\":\"https://osf.io/8p3bn/\"}]]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"19\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"h3\",\"1\",{\"id\":\"publication-date\",\"tabIndex\":\"-1\",\"children\":\"Publication Date\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"23/07/2020\"}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"7\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"h2\",\"1\",{\"id\":\"4-reuse-potential\",\"className\":\"article-division\",\"tabIndex\":\"-1\",\"children\":\"(4) Reuse Potential\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"There are several potential ways that this data could be reused. Firstly, this dataset adds to the growing review of open science practice in Archaeology and more specifically Environmental Archaeology. It could therefore be collated with other evidence or built upon further to draw together an overview throughout the discipline.\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"5\",{\"children\":\"It could serve as an aid to teaching open science practices. The dataset could be used for a simple data analysis task for students in teaching modules, along with other such evidence from Archaeology or Science in general.\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"7\",{\"children\":\"The dataset could also be used in teaching environmental archaeology, particularly phytoliths or archaeobotany modules. It could aid the teaching of data analysis and discussions concerning academic publishing and the application of open science practices.\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"9\",{\"children\":\"Within phytolith research, this dataset can be used by the phytolith community to examine the way forward in terms of drawing up guidelines for data sharing and open science practices in this field.\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"11\",{\"children\":\"In terms of academic publishing, this data could be used by journal editors to draw up guidelines for journal data availability policies.\"}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"3\",{\"id\":\"back\",\"className\":\"article-references\",\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"1\",{\"className\":\"capture-id\",\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"h2\",\"1\",{\"id\":\"acknowledgements\",\"className\":\"article-division\",\"tabIndex\":\"-1\",\"children\":\"Acknowledgements\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"This project was supported by the phytolith community through those that have made their articles open access or deposited them in an online repository. I offer my thanks to those colleagues that answered my emails for articles and supplementary file requests. I am also grateful to colleagues that sent me articles that I was unable to access through other means – Dr Ruth Pelling and Professor Dorian Fuller. Special thanks go to Rand Evett, who works to maintain of the International Phytolith Society bibliography and offered much help to enable me to access supplementary files to finish the dataset. I also offer thanks to the three reviewers that wrote very fair and constructive reviews that helped to improve this article and the dataset.\"}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"3\",{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"h2\",\"1\",{\"id\":\"competing-interests\",\"tabIndex\":\"-1\",\"children\":\"Competing Interests\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"p\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"The author has no competing interests to declare.\"}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"div\",\"5\",{\"id\":\"references\",\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"h2\",\"1\",{\"id\":\"references\",\"tabIndex\":\"-1\",\"children\":\"References\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"ol\",\"3\",{\"className\":\"reference-list\",\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"li\",\"1\",{\"id\":\"B1\",\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"1\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#B1\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"style\":{\"display\":\"none\"},\"children\":[],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",\"2\",{\"children\":[\"Hart, TC 2016 Issues and direction in phytolith analysis. \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"Journal of Archaeological Science\"}],\", 68: 24–31. DOI: \",[\"$\",\"a\",\"3\",{\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"noopener noreferrer\",\"href\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2016.03.001\",\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"children\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2016.03.001\"}],[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"4\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#main-text-B1\",\"data-scroll\":\"#main-text-B1\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\",\"children\":[\" \",[\"$\",\"svg\",\"1\",{\"aria-hidden\":true,\"className\":\"kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 960 960\",\"style\":{\"--svg-width\":\"1.5em\",\"--svg-height\":\"$undefined\"},\"children\":[\"$undefined\",[\"$\",\"use\",null,{\"href\":\"/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward\"}]]}]],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"li\",\"3\",{\"id\":\"B2\",\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"1\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#B2\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"style\":{\"display\":\"none\"},\"children\":[],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",\"2\",{\"children\":[\"Hodson, MJ, Parker, AG, Leng, MJ and Sloane, HJ 2008 Silicon, oxygen and carbon isotope composition of wheat (\",[\"$\",\"em\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"Triticum aestivum\"}],\" L.) phytoliths: implications for palaeoecology and archaeology. \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"3\",{\"children\":\"Journal of Quaternary Science\"}],\", 23: 331–339. DOI: \",[\"$\",\"a\",\"5\",{\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"noopener noreferrer\",\"href\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1176\",\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"children\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1176\"}],[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"6\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#main-text-B2\",\"data-scroll\":\"#main-text-B2\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\",\"children\":[\" \",[\"$\",\"svg\",\"1\",{\"aria-hidden\":true,\"className\":\"kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 960 960\",\"style\":{\"--svg-width\":\"1.5em\",\"--svg-height\":\"$undefined\"},\"children\":[\"$undefined\",[\"$\",\"use\",null,{\"href\":\"/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward\"}]]}]],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"li\",\"5\",{\"id\":\"B3\",\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"1\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#B3\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"style\":{\"display\":\"none\"},\"children\":[],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",\"2\",{\"children\":[\"Hodson, MJ, Song, Z, Ball, TB, Elbaum, R and Stuyt, E 2020 Editorial: Frontiers in Phytolith Research. \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"Frontiers in Plant Science\"}],\", 11(454): 5–7. DOI: \",[\"$\",\"a\",\"3\",{\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"noopener noreferrer\",\"href\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00454\",\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"children\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00454\"}],[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"4\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#main-text-B3\",\"data-scroll\":\"#main-text-B3\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\",\"children\":[\" \",[\"$\",\"svg\",\"1\",{\"aria-hidden\":true,\"className\":\"kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 960 960\",\"style\":{\"--svg-width\":\"1.5em\",\"--svg-height\":\"$undefined\"},\"children\":[\"$undefined\",[\"$\",\"use\",null,{\"href\":\"/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward\"}]]}]],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"li\",\"7\",{\"id\":\"B4\",\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"1\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#B4\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"style\":{\"display\":\"none\"},\"children\":[],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",\"2\",{\"children\":[\"Kansa, SW, Atici, L, Kansa, EC and Meadows, RH 2020 Archaeological analysis in the information age: guidelines for maximising the reach, comprehensiveness and longevity of data. \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"Advances in Archaeological Practice\"}],\", 8(1): 40–52. DOI: \",[\"$\",\"a\",\"3\",{\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"noopener noreferrer\",\"href\":\"https://doi.org/10.1017/aap.2019.36\",\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"children\":\"https://doi.org/10.1017/aap.2019.36\"}],[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"4\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#main-text-B4\",\"data-scroll\":\"#main-text-B4\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\",\"children\":[\" \",[\"$\",\"svg\",\"1\",{\"aria-hidden\":true,\"className\":\"kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 960 960\",\"style\":{\"--svg-width\":\"1.5em\",\"--svg-height\":\"$undefined\"},\"children\":[\"$undefined\",[\"$\",\"use\",null,{\"href\":\"/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward\"}]]}]],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"li\",\"9\",{\"id\":\"B5\",\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"1\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#B5\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"style\":{\"display\":\"none\"},\"children\":[],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",\"2\",{\"children\":[\"Lodwick, L 2019 Sowing the seeds of future research: data sharing, citation and reuse in Archaeobotany. \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"Open Quaternary\"}],\", 5(7): 1–15. DOI: \",[\"$\",\"a\",\"3\",{\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"noopener noreferrer\",\"href\":\"https://doi.org/10.5334/oq.62\",\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"children\":\"https://doi.org/10.5334/oq.62\"}],[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"4\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#main-text-B5\",\"data-scroll\":\"#main-text-B5\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\",\"children\":[\" \",[\"$\",\"svg\",\"1\",{\"aria-hidden\":true,\"className\":\"kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 960 960\",\"style\":{\"--svg-width\":\"1.5em\",\"--svg-height\":\"$undefined\"},\"children\":[\"$undefined\",[\"$\",\"use\",null,{\"href\":\"/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward\"}]]}]],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"li\",\"11\",{\"id\":\"B6\",\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"1\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#B6\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"style\":{\"display\":\"none\"},\"children\":[],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",\"2\",{\"children\":[\"Madella, M, Alexandre, A and Ball, T 2005 International code for phytolith nomenclature 1.0. \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"Annals of Botany\"}],\", 96: 253–260. DOI: \",[\"$\",\"a\",\"3\",{\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"noopener noreferrer\",\"href\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci172\",\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"children\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci172\"}],[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"4\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#main-text-B6\",\"data-scroll\":\"#main-text-B6\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\",\"children\":[\" \",[\"$\",\"svg\",\"1\",{\"aria-hidden\":true,\"className\":\"kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 960 960\",\"style\":{\"--svg-width\":\"1.5em\",\"--svg-height\":\"$undefined\"},\"children\":[\"$undefined\",[\"$\",\"use\",null,{\"href\":\"/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward\"}]]}]],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"li\",\"13\",{\"id\":\"B7\",\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"1\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#B7\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"style\":{\"display\":\"none\"},\"children\":[],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",\"2\",{\"children\":[\"Marwick, B, et al. 2017 Open Science in Archaeology. \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"The SAA Archaeological Record\"}],\", 17(4): 8–14. DOI: \",[\"$\",\"a\",\"3\",{\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"noopener noreferrer\",\"href\":\"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/72n8g\",\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"children\":\"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/72n8g\"}],[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"4\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#main-text-B7\",\"data-scroll\":\"#main-text-B7\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\",\"children\":[\" \",[\"$\",\"svg\",\"1\",{\"aria-hidden\":true,\"className\":\"kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 960 960\",\"style\":{\"--svg-width\":\"1.5em\",\"--svg-height\":\"$undefined\"},\"children\":[\"$undefined\",[\"$\",\"use\",null,{\"href\":\"/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward\"}]]}]],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"li\",\"15\",{\"id\":\"B8\",\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"1\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#B8\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"style\":{\"display\":\"none\"},\"children\":[],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",\"2\",{\"children\":[\"Marwick, B and Pilaar Birch, SE 2018 A standard for the scholarly citation of archaeological data as an incentive to data sharing. \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"Advances in Archaeological Practice\"}],\", 6(2): 125–143. DOI: \",[\"$\",\"a\",\"3\",{\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"noopener noreferrer\",\"href\":\"https://doi.org/10.1017/aap.2018.3\",\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"children\":\"https://doi.org/10.1017/aap.2018.3\"}],[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"4\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#main-text-B8\",\"data-scroll\":\"#main-text-B8\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\",\"children\":[\" \",[\"$\",\"svg\",\"1\",{\"aria-hidden\":true,\"className\":\"kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 960 960\",\"style\":{\"--svg-width\":\"1.5em\",\"--svg-height\":\"$undefined\"},\"children\":[\"$undefined\",[\"$\",\"use\",null,{\"href\":\"/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward\"}]]}]],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"li\",\"17\",{\"id\":\"B9\",\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"1\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#B9\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"style\":{\"display\":\"none\"},\"children\":[],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",\"2\",{\"children\":[\"Masuzzo, P and Martens, L 2017 Do you speak open science? Resources and tips to learn the language. \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"Peerj Preprints\"}],\", 5: e2689v1. DOI: \",[\"$\",\"a\",\"3\",{\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"noopener noreferrer\",\"href\":\"https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2689v1\",\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"children\":\"https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2689v1\"}],[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"4\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#main-text-B9\",\"data-scroll\":\"#main-text-B9\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\",\"children\":[\" \",[\"$\",\"svg\",\"1\",{\"aria-hidden\":true,\"className\":\"kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 960 960\",\"style\":{\"--svg-width\":\"1.5em\",\"--svg-height\":\"$undefined\"},\"children\":[\"$undefined\",[\"$\",\"use\",null,{\"href\":\"/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward\"}]]}]],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"li\",\"19\",{\"id\":\"B10\",\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"1\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#B10\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"style\":{\"display\":\"none\"},\"children\":[],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",\"2\",{\"children\":[\"Pearsall, DM 2019 \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"Case studies in Paleoethnobotany\"}],\". New York: Routledge. DOI: \",[\"$\",\"a\",\"3\",{\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"noopener noreferrer\",\"href\":\"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351009683\",\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"children\":\"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351009683\"}],[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"4\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#main-text-B10\",\"data-scroll\":\"#main-text-B10\",\"className\":\"scroll-link\",\"children\":[\" \",[\"$\",\"svg\",\"1\",{\"aria-hidden\":true,\"className\":\"kXATDT fibjxV eAGTFX nVRGN cHjsHT\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 960 960\",\"style\":{\"--svg-width\":\"1.5em\",\"--svg-height\":\"$undefined\"},\"children\":[\"$undefined\",[\"$\",\"use\",null,{\"href\":\"/api/1.7.10/spritesheet#arrow-upward\"}]]}]],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"li\",\"21\",{\"id\":\"B11\",\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$\",\"$L1e\",\"1\",{\"noMatchAs\":\"span\",\"href\":\"#B11\",\"rel\":\"footnote\",\"style\":{\"display\":\"none\"},\"children\":[],\"ref\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",\"2\",{\"children\":[\"Piperno, DR 2006 \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"Phytoliths: a comprehensive guide for archaeologists and palaeoecologists\"}],\". 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