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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">個人用ツール</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="利用者メニュー" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ja.wikipedia.org&uselang=ja"><span>寄付</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%90&returnto=%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2" title="アカウントを作成してログインすることをお勧めしますが、必須ではありません"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>アカウント作成</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3&returnto=%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2" title="ログインすることを推奨します。ただし、必須ではありません。 [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ログイン</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ログアウトした編集者のページ <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%9A%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%81%B8%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%93%E3%81%9D" aria-label="編集の詳細"><span>もっと詳しく</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86%E3%81%AE%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E8%A8%98%E9%8C%B2" title="このIPアドレスからなされた編集の一覧 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>投稿記録</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8" title="このIPアドレスからなされた編集についての議論 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>トーク</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="サイト"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目次" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目次</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">非表示</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ページ先頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-天文学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#天文学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>天文学</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-天文学-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>天文学サブセクションを切り替えます</span> </button> <ul id="toc-天文学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-公転軌道" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#公転軌道"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>公転軌道</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-公転軌道-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地球上を回る人工衛星" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地球上を回る人工衛星"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>地球上を回る人工衛星</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地球上を回る人工衛星-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-公転の動画" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#公転の動画"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>公転の動画</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-公転の動画-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電磁気学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電磁気学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>電磁気学</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電磁気学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-脚注" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#脚注"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>脚注</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-脚注-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-関連項目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#関連項目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>関連項目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-関連項目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="目次の表示・非表示を切り替え" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">目次の表示・非表示を切り替え</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">公転</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="特定の記事の別の言語版に移動します。利用可能な言語10件" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10の言語版</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="アラビア語: فترة الدوران" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فترة الدوران" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="アラビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_revolution" title="英語: Orbital revolution" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Orbital revolution" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moto_di_rivoluzione" title="イタリア語: Moto di rivoluzione" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Moto di rivoluzione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="イタリア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallit_n_tuzzya" title="カビル語: Tallit n tuzzya" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tallit n tuzzya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="カビル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%A0%84" title="韓国語: 공전" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="공전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓国語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_revolution" title="シンプル英語: Orbital revolution" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Orbital revolution" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="シンプル英語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3" title="タイ語: การโคจร" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การโคจร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="タイ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%BD%AC" title="中国語: 公转" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="公转" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中国語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BA%94" title="漢文: 躔" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="躔" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="漢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%BD%89" title="広東語: 公轉" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="公轉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="広東語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1078480#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="言語間リンクを編集" class="wbc-editpage">リンクを編集</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="名前空間"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2" title="本文を閲覧 [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ページ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88:%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2" rel="discussion" title="本文ページについての議論 [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ノート</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="別の言語に切り替える" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">日本語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="表示"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2"><span>閲覧</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2&action=edit" title="このページのソースコードを編集する [e]" accesskey="e"><span>編集</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2&action=history" title="このページの過去の版 [h]" accesskey="h"><span>履歴表示</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ページツール"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ツール" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ツール</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ツール</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">非表示</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="その他の操作" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2"><span>閲覧</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2&action=edit" title="このページのソースコードを編集する [e]" accesskey="e"><span>編集</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2&action=history"><span>履歴表示</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 全般 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E5%85%83/%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2" title="ここにリンクしている全ウィキページの一覧 [j]" accesskey="j"><span>リンク元</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a 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href="//www.google.co.jp/search?hl=ja&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2%22&num=50">"公転"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.co.jp/search?hl=ja&q=%22%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2%22&tbm=nws">ニュース</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.co.jp/search?hl=ja&tbs=bks:1&q=%22%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2%22">書籍</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.co.jp/scholar?num=100&hl=ja&q=%22%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2%22">スカラー</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/opensearch/search?lang=ja&q=%22%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2%22&range=2&count=200&sortorder=1&type=0">CiNii</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/result/global/-char/ja?globalSearchKey=%22%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2%22">J-STAGE</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/openurl?any=%22%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2%22">NDL</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dlib.jp/?q=%22%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2%22">dlib.jp</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jpsearch.go.jp/csearch/jps-cross?csid=jps-cross&keyword=%22%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2%22">ジャパンサーチ</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/">TWL</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date"><span title="2013年4月">2013年4月</span></span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Orbit4.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Orbit4.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>質量の差が<b>大きい</b>2つの天体の公転の様子。</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Orbit2.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Orbit2.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>質量の差が<b>小さい</b>2つの天体の公転の様子。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>公転</b>（こうてん）とは、ある物体が別の物体を中心にした<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%86_(%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6)" title="円 (数学)">円</a>又は<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%95%E5%86%86" title="楕円">楕円</a>の軌道に沿って回る運動の物理学用語である。 </p><p>地球は太陽を中心に公転している。太陽と地球の質量比は約330000:1なので図の上の場合に当たる（ただし実際の太陽系では、最も重力が大きい木星の影響を太陽系の惑星が受けている）。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="天文学"><span id=".E5.A4.A9.E6.96.87.E5.AD.A6"></span>天文学</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2&action=edit&section=1" title="節を編集: 天文学"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="天文学">天文学</a>で言う公転は、ある<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93" title="天体">天体</a>が<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB_(%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6)" title="系 (自然科学)">系</a>の<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%BF%83" title="重心">重心</a>の周りを周回することを指す。たとえば、「<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>は<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD" title="太陽">太陽</a>の周りを公転している」などと言う。系の重心に<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="恒星">恒星</a>が存在する場合、この星を<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="主星">主星</a>と呼び、公転する星を<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%B4%E6%98%9F" class="mw-disambig" title="伴星">伴星</a>と呼ぶ。また、<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F" title="惑星">惑星</a>の周囲を<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="衛星">衛星</a>が周回する場合や<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A6%E5%B7%BB%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3" title="渦巻銀河">渦巻銀河</a>の内部で恒星が周回する運動も公転と呼ぶ。 </p><p>公転運動の重心に常に天体が存在するとは限らない。例えば質量の差が大きくない2つの恒星が<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E6%98%9F" title="連星">連星</a>を作っているような場合には、系の重心は2つの星の間に位置する。 </p><p>また、公転する物体は恒星や惑星、衛星に限らず、塵やガスなどが公転している系も数多く存在する。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB" title="太陽系">太陽系</a>の例では、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F" title="木星">木星</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星">土星</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="天王星">天王星</a>などの惑星の環は塵や氷などの小さな粒子からできていて、これらの粒子がそれぞれの惑星の周りを公転しているものと考えられている。<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ブラックホール">ブラックホール</a>などでは、吸い込まれる物質がブラックホールの周囲に集まって公転運動を行い、円盤を形成する。これを<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E7%9D%80%E5%86%86%E7%9B%A4" title="降着円盤">降着円盤</a>という。 </p><p>公転運動の元となる重力源の質量が重力源から公転天体までの距離によらず一定の場合には、公転周期の2乗が軌道長半径の3乗に比例するという<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AE%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ケプラーの第三法則">ケプラーの第三法則</a>が成り立つ。<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3" title="銀河">銀河</a>内部の恒星の公転運動などの場合には、銀河の物質が銀河中心からの距離に従って連続的に分布しているため、恒星の公転運動は銀河中心からその恒星の位置までの間に分布している銀河物質全体からの重力で決まる。 </p><p>天体自らがコマのように回転している事は、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%BB%A2" title="自転">自転</a>という。 </p><p>火星の公転の見え方は実際の火星の動きとは異なっていて、きれいな楕円形を描くようには見えない。これは地球の公転と火星の公転の速さが違うためである。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="公転軌道"><span id=".E5.85.AC.E8.BB.A2.E8.BB.8C.E9.81.93"></span>公転軌道</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2&action=edit&section=2" title="節を編集: 公転軌道"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB" title="太陽系">太陽系</a>においては、<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F" title="惑星">惑星</a>や<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%97%E6%98%9F" title="彗星">彗星</a>・<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F" title="小惑星">小惑星</a>などが主星である太陽の周りを公転している。これらの<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="公転軌道">公転軌道</a>面はほぼ同一平面上にあり揺れ幅は数度である。各天体の軌道面を観測する場合に基準面として、地球の公転面である「黄道面」、主星である太陽以外のすべての天体の惑星の軌道を加重平均したものである「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%A4%89%E9%9D%A2" title="不変面">不変面</a>」、太陽系のほとんどの質量を抱える「太陽の赤道面」などを基準に傾斜が測られる。下表参照。 </p><p>太陽系の主な<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="衛星">衛星</a>、特に<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E5%A4%A7%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B9%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="巨大ガス惑星">巨大ガス惑星</a>である木星や土星の衛星の公転軌道は、それらの主星である惑星の赤道面とほぼ同一である。これらの衛星の公転軌道の傾斜は対「<span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%A9%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="「ラプラス面」 (存在しないページ)">ラプラス面</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace_plane" class="extiw" title="en:Laplace plane">英語版</a>）</span></span>で測られる<sup class="noprint Template-Fact">[<i><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%A6%81%E8%AA%AC%E6%98%8E" title="Template:要説明"><span title="このタグがつけられた文章には説明が求められています。（2019年8月）">要説明</span></a></i>]</sup>。例外は地球の衛星である月で、その公転軌道は地球の赤道面ではなくほぼ黄道面に収まっている。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F" title="微惑星">微惑星</a>・<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F" title="小惑星">小惑星</a>・<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%97%E6%98%9F" title="彗星">彗星</a>などはそれらの誕生の経緯や近接する他の天体などの影響から大きく傾いているものもある。 </p><p>そして太陽系は、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E3%81%AE%E5%B7%9D%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="天の川銀河">天の川銀河</a>の<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E9%9D%A2" title="銀河面">銀河面</a>にあり銀河系の中心である<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E6%A0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="銀河核">銀河核</a>の周りを約2.2億年余り（<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E5%B9%B4" title="銀河年">銀河年</a>）をかけて一周している。太陽系の惑星の公転面は太陽の赤道面とほぼ同じであるが、<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r86009555">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .fix-domain{border-bottom:dashed 1px}}</style><span class="fix-domain" title="この記述の信頼性について検証が求められています。（2019年8月）">太陽の自転軸は銀河面に対して67.23°と大きく傾いている</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template nowrap">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A4%9C%E8%A8%BC%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E6%80%A7" title="Wikipedia:検証可能性"><span title="この記述の信頼性について検証が求められています。（2019年8月）">要検証</span></a><span class="metadata"> – <a href="/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88:%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2" title="ノート:公転">ノート</a></span></i>]</sup>。 </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto; font-size:small"> <caption><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB" title="太陽系">太陽系</a>の<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F" title="惑星">惑星</a>の<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93_(%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6)" title="軌道 (力学)">軌道</a>傾斜角および<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%BB%A2%E8%BB%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="自転軸">自転軸</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%BB%A2%E8%BB%B8%E5%82%BE%E6%96%9C%E8%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="自転軸傾斜角">傾斜角</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">分類 </th> <th rowspan="2">天体名 </th> <th colspan="3">公転軌道面の傾き </th> <th rowspan="2">公転周期<br />（年） </th> <th rowspan="2">自転軸（赤道）<br />傾斜角<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2">自転周期<br />（日） </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E5%82%BE%E6%96%9C%E8%A7%92" title="軌道傾斜角">軌道傾斜角</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>対太陽の<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93" title="赤道">赤道</a> </th> <th>対<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%A4%89%E9%9D%A2" title="不変面">不変面</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%9E%8B%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F" title="地球型惑星">地球型</a><br />岩石惑星 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%98%9F" title="水星">水星</a> </td> <td>7.01° </td> <td>3.38° </td> <td>6.34° </td> <td>0.241 </td> <td>0.01° </td> <td>58.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%98%9F" title="金星">金星</a> </td> <td>3.39° </td> <td>3.86° </td> <td>2.19° </td> <td>0.615 </td> <td>177°<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>243<sup id="cite_ref-rev_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a> </td> <td>0° 基準面 </td> <td>7.16° </td> <td>1.57° </td> <td>1.00 </td> <td>23.4° </td> <td>0.997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F" title="火星">火星</a> </td> <td>1.85° </td> <td>5.65° </td> <td>1.67° </td> <td>1.88 </td> <td>25.2° </td> <td>1.03 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E5%9E%8B%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F" title="木星型惑星">木星型</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E5%9E%8B%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F" title="天王星型惑星">天王星型</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F" title="木星">木星</a> </td> <td>1.31° </td> <td>6.09° </td> <td>0.32° </td> <td>11.9 </td> <td>3.12° </td> <td>0.414 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星">土星</a> </td> <td>2.49° </td> <td>5.51° </td> <td>0.93° </td> <td>29.5 </td> <td>26.7° </td> <td>0.426 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="天王星">天王星</a> </td> <td>0.77° </td> <td>6.48° </td> <td>1.02° </td> <td>84.0 </td> <td>97.8°<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>0.718<sup id="cite_ref-rev_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="海王星">海王星</a> </td> <td>1.77° </td> <td>6.43° </td> <td>0.72° </td> <td>165 </td> <td>28.3° </td> <td>0.671 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%96%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F" title="準惑星">準惑星</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F" title="小惑星">小惑星</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A5%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="冥王星">冥王星</a> </td> <td>17.1° </td> <td>11.9° </td> <td>15.6° </td> <td>248 </td> <td>120°<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>6.39<sup id="cite_ref-rev_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9_(%E6%BA%96%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F)" title="ケレス (準惑星)">ケレス</a> </td> <td>10.6° </td> <td>— </td> <td>9.20° </td> <td>4.60 </td> <td>4° </td> <td>0.378 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9_(%E5%B0%8F%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F)" title="パラス (小惑星)">パラス</a> </td> <td>35.1° </td> <td>— </td> <td>34.4° </td> <td>4.62 </td> <td>84°±5° </td> <td>0.326 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF_(%E5%B0%8F%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F)" title="ベスタ (小惑星)">ベスタ</a> </td> <td>7.14° </td> <td>— </td> <td>5.56° </td> <td>3.63 </td> <td> </td> <td>0.223 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="衛星">衛星</a><sup id="cite_ref-jpl_orbit_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpl_orbit-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88" title="月">月</a> </td> <td>5.15°<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>27.3日 </td> <td>6.69°<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lang2011_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang2011-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%BB%A2%E3%81%A8%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2%E3%81%AE%E5%90%8C%E6%9C%9F" title="自転と公転の同期">=公転</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A1%E3%83%87_(%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F)" title="ガニメデ (衛星)">ガニメデ</a> </td> <td>0.195° </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>7.16日 </td> <td>0-0.33° </td> <td>=公転 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88_(%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F)" title="カリスト (衛星)">カリスト</a> </td> <td>0.281° </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>16.7日 </td> <td>0° </td> <td>=公転 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3_(%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F)" title="タイタン (衛星)">タイタン</a> </td> <td>0.306° </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>15.9日 </td> <td>1.94° </td> <td>=公転 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="恒星">恒星</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD" title="太陽">太陽</a> </td> <td colspan="4">該当せず<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>7.25°<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>27.3<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地球上を回る人工衛星"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.83.E4.B8.8A.E3.82.92.E5.9B.9E.E3.82.8B.E4.BA.BA.E5.B7.A5.E8.A1.9B.E6.98.9F"></span>地球上を回る人工衛星</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2&action=edit&section=3" title="節を編集: 地球上を回る人工衛星"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="rellink" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em; font-size: 90%;" role="note">→詳細は「<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E3%81%AE%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93" title="人工衛星の軌道">人工衛星の軌道</a>」を参照</div> <p>公転といえば人工物ではなく自然から存在する天体の軌道を指すことが多いが、地球上を回る人工衛星の軌道も公転のひとつに含まれる。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="公転の動画"><span id=".E5.85.AC.E8.BB.A2.E3.81.AE.E5.8B.95.E7.94.BB"></span>公転の動画</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2&action=edit&section=4" title="節を編集: 公転の動画"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">公転の動画一覧表</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Prof_Walter_Lewin_Circular_Motion.ogv/120px--Prof_Walter_Lewin_Circular_Motion.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="120" height="90" data-durationhint="515" data-mwtitle="Prof_Walter_Lewin_Circular_Motion.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Prof_Walter_Lewin_Circular_Motion.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="400" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/Prof_Walter_Lewin_Circular_Motion.ogv/Prof_Walter_Lewin_Circular_Motion.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="400" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/Prof_Walter_Lewin_Circular_Motion.ogv/Prof_Walter_Lewin_Circular_Motion.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prof Walter Lewin Circular Motion</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Sunrise_To_Sunset_Aboard_The_ISS.ogv/120px--Sunrise_To_Sunset_Aboard_The_ISS.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="120" height="68" data-durationhint="76" data-mwtitle="Sunrise_To_Sunset_Aboard_The_ISS.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/Sunrise_To_Sunset_Aboard_The_ISS.ogv/Sunrise_To_Sunset_Aboard_The_ISS.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/Sunrise_To_Sunset_Aboard_The_ISS.ogv/Sunrise_To_Sunset_Aboard_The_ISS.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Sunrise_To_Sunset_Aboard_The_ISS.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/Sunrise_To_Sunset_Aboard_The_ISS.ogv/Sunrise_To_Sunset_Aboard_The_ISS.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/Sunrise_To_Sunset_Aboard_The_ISS.ogv/Sunrise_To_Sunset_Aboard_The_ISS.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/Sunrise_To_Sunset_Aboard_The_ISS.ogv/Sunrise_To_Sunset_Aboard_The_ISS.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/Sunrise_To_Sunset_Aboard_The_ISS.ogv/Sunrise_To_Sunset_Aboard_The_ISS.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sunrise To Sunset Aboard The ISS</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Newton_revolving_orbit_e0.6_precession.ogv/120px--Newton_revolving_orbit_e0.6_precession.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="120" height="120" data-durationhint="33" data-mwtitle="Newton_revolving_orbit_e0.6_precession.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Newton_revolving_orbit_e0.6_precession.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="400" data-height="400" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Newton_revolving_orbit_e0.6_precession.ogv/Newton_revolving_orbit_e0.6_precession.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="240" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Newton_revolving_orbit_e0.6_precession.ogv/Newton_revolving_orbit_e0.6_precession.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Newton_revolving_orbit_e0.6_precession.ogv/Newton_revolving_orbit_e0.6_precession.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Newton revolving orbit e0.6 precession</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Аномалии"><img alt="Аномалии" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8.gif/120px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8.gif/180px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8.gif/240px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8.gif 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Аномалии</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Kepler-second-law.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Kepler-second-law"><img alt="Kepler-second-law" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kepler-second-law.gif/120px-Kepler-second-law.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kepler-second-law.gif/180px-Kepler-second-law.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kepler-second-law.gif/240px-Kepler-second-law.gif 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kepler-second-law</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Orbita_da_terra.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Orbita da terra"><img alt="Orbita da terra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Orbita_da_terra.gif/120px-Orbita_da_terra.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Orbita_da_terra.gif/180px-Orbita_da_terra.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Orbita_da_terra.gif/240px-Orbita_da_terra.gif 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Orbita da terra</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Orbits_of_Cruithne_and_Earth.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Orbits of Cruithne and Earth"><img alt="Orbits of Cruithne and Earth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Orbits_of_Cruithne_and_Earth.gif/120px-Orbits_of_Cruithne_and_Earth.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Orbits_of_Cruithne_and_Earth.gif/180px-Orbits_of_Cruithne_and_Earth.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Orbits_of_Cruithne_and_Earth.gif 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Orbits of Cruithne and Earth</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Аномалии"><img alt="Аномалии" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8.gif/120px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8.gif/180px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8.gif/240px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8.gif 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Аномалии</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Скорость небесного тела"><img alt="Скорость небесного тела" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0.gif/120px-%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0.gif/180px-%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0.gif/240px-%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0.gif 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Скорость небесного тела</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_3" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Newton_revolving_orbit_e0.6_precession.ogv/120px--Newton_revolving_orbit_e0.6_precession.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="120" height="120" data-durationhint="33" data-mwtitle="Newton_revolving_orbit_e0.6_precession.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Newton_revolving_orbit_e0.6_precession.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="400" data-height="400" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Newton_revolving_orbit_e0.6_precession.ogv/Newton_revolving_orbit_e0.6_precession.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="240" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Newton_revolving_orbit_e0.6_precession.ogv/Newton_revolving_orbit_e0.6_precession.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Newton_revolving_orbit_e0.6_precession.ogv/Newton_revolving_orbit_e0.6_precession.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Newton revolving orbit e0.6 precession</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_4" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_2013.ogv/120px--Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_2013.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="120" height="68" data-durationhint="316" data-mwtitle="Moon_Phase_and_Libration,_2013.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_2013.ogv/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_2013.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_2013.ogv/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_2013.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_2013.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_2013.ogv/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_2013.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_2013.ogv/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_2013.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moon Phase and Libration, 2013</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_5" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_from_the_Other_Side_-_Farside_Earth_Moon_1080p30%2C_2015.webm/120px--Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_from_the_Other_Side_-_Farside_Earth_Moon_1080p30%2C_2015.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="120" height="68" data-durationhint="60" data-mwtitle="Moon_Phase_and_Libration,_from_the_Other_Side_-_Farside_Earth_Moon_1080p30,_2015.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_from_the_Other_Side_-_Farside_Earth_Moon_1080p30%2C_2015.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_from_the_Other_Side_-_Farside_Earth_Moon_1080p30%2C_2015.webm/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_from_the_Other_Side_-_Farside_Earth_Moon_1080p30%2C_2015.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_from_the_Other_Side_-_Farside_Earth_Moon_1080p30%2C_2015.webm/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_from_the_Other_Side_-_Farside_Earth_Moon_1080p30%2C_2015.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_from_the_Other_Side_-_Farside_Earth_Moon_1080p30%2C_2015.webm/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_from_the_Other_Side_-_Farside_Earth_Moon_1080p30%2C_2015.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_from_the_Other_Side_-_Farside_Earth_Moon_1080p30%2C_2015.webm/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_from_the_Other_Side_-_Farside_Earth_Moon_1080p30%2C_2015.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_from_the_Other_Side_-_Farside_Earth_Moon_1080p30%2C_2015.webm/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_from_the_Other_Side_-_Farside_Earth_Moon_1080p30%2C_2015.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_from_the_Other_Side_-_Farside_Earth_Moon_1080p30%2C_2015.webm/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_from_the_Other_Side_-_Farside_Earth_Moon_1080p30%2C_2015.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_from_the_Other_Side_-_Farside_Earth_Moon_1080p30%2C_2015.webm/Moon_Phase_and_Libration%2C_from_the_Other_Side_-_Farside_Earth_Moon_1080p30%2C_2015.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moon Phase and Libration, from the Other Side - Farside Earth Moon 1080p30, 2015</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_6" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Phase_and_libration_of_the_Moon_at_hourly_intervals_%282012%29.ogv/120px--Phase_and_libration_of_the_Moon_at_hourly_intervals_%282012%29.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="120" height="120" data-durationhint="147" data-mwtitle="Phase_and_libration_of_the_Moon_at_hourly_intervals_(2012).ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/Phase_and_libration_of_the_Moon_at_hourly_intervals_%282012%29.ogv/Phase_and_libration_of_the_Moon_at_hourly_intervals_%282012%29.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/Phase_and_libration_of_the_Moon_at_hourly_intervals_%282012%29.ogv/Phase_and_libration_of_the_Moon_at_hourly_intervals_%282012%29.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="720" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/Phase_and_libration_of_the_Moon_at_hourly_intervals_%282012%29.ogv/Phase_and_libration_of_the_Moon_at_hourly_intervals_%282012%29.ogv.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1080" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Phase_and_libration_of_the_Moon_at_hourly_intervals_%282012%29.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="1080" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/Phase_and_libration_of_the_Moon_at_hourly_intervals_%282012%29.ogv/Phase_and_libration_of_the_Moon_at_hourly_intervals_%282012%29.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="240" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/Phase_and_libration_of_the_Moon_at_hourly_intervals_%282012%29.ogv/Phase_and_libration_of_the_Moon_at_hourly_intervals_%282012%29.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/Phase_and_libration_of_the_Moon_at_hourly_intervals_%282012%29.ogv/Phase_and_libration_of_the_Moon_at_hourly_intervals_%282012%29.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Phase and libration of the Moon at hourly intervals (2012)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_7" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Polar_orbit.ogv/120px--Polar_orbit.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="120" height="120" data-durationhint="18" data-mwtitle="Polar_orbit.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Polar_orbit.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="400" data-height="400" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/Polar_orbit.ogv/Polar_orbit.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="144" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/Polar_orbit.ogv/Polar_orbit.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="240" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/Polar_orbit.ogv/Polar_orbit.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/Polar_orbit.ogv/Polar_orbit.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Polar orbit</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_8" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Iss.ogv/120px--Iss.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="120" height="80" data-durationhint="49" data-mwtitle="Iss.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/Iss.ogv/Iss.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/Iss.ogv/Iss.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="360" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Iss.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="360" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/Iss.ogv/Iss.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="216" data-height="144" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Iss</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Neptune_Orbit.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="海王星の公転。"><img alt="海王星の公転。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Neptune_Orbit.gif/120px-Neptune_Orbit.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Neptune_Orbit.gif/180px-Neptune_Orbit.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Neptune_Orbit.gif/240px-Neptune_Orbit.gif 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="248" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">海王星の公転。</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Uranus_Orbit.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="天王星の公転。"><img alt="天王星の公転。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Uranus_Orbit.gif/120px-Uranus_Orbit.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Uranus_Orbit.gif/180px-Uranus_Orbit.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Uranus_Orbit.gif/240px-Uranus_Orbit.gif 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="247" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">天王星の公転。</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="電磁気学"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E7.A3.81.E6.B0.97.E5.AD.A6"></span>電磁気学</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2&action=edit&section=5" title="節を編集: 電磁気学"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷">電荷</a>同士の間に働く<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E6%B0%97%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="電磁気力">電磁気力</a>も、重力と同様に強さが距離の逆二乗に比例する<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E5%8A%9B" title="中心力">中心力</a>なので、天体が重力によって公転するのと同様に荷電粒子同士も公転運動を行なう。例として、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="電子">電子</a>が<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a>の周りを回る運動を公転と呼ぶ場合がある。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="脚注"><span id=".E8.84.9A.E6.B3.A8"></span>脚注</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2&action=edit&section=6" title="節を編集: 脚注"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="float:right; font-size:90%;">[<a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%84%9A%E6%B3%A8/%E8%AA%AD%E8%80%85%E5%90%91%E3%81%91" title="Help:脚注/読者向け"><span title="この欄の操作法">脚注の使い方</span></a>]</div><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">21世紀初頭における数値</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">なるべく数値を有効数字3桁に揃える。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">IAU, 0 January 2010, 0h TT, <i>Astronomical Almanac 2010</i>, pp. B52, C3, D2, E3, E55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E6%89%8B%E3%81%AE%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87#回転方向" title="右手の法則">回転の方向</a>を考慮した数値。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">地球の<a class="mw-selflink selflink">公転</a>面（<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%81%93" title="黄道">黄道</a>面）が基準</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariable_plane" class="extiw" title="en:Invariable plane">en:Invariable_plane</a>" - すべての惑星の軌道を加重平均した仮想面</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">180°-177.36°=2.64°（正味）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rev-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rev_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">逆向</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">180°-97.8°=82.23°（正味）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">180°-119.59°=60.41°（正味）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">CNN.co.jp <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.co.jp/fringe/35079985.html">「冥王星、自転軸の傾きと揺らぎで地表の環境が激変　観測結果」</a> 冥王星の自転軸の傾きは数百万年の間に約20度の幅で変動している。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jpl_orbit-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jpl_orbit_12-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_elem">Planetary Satellite Mean Orbital Parameters</a>”.  Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. <span title="">2019年1月28日</span>閲覧。</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">衛星の公転軌道の傾斜は対「<span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%A9%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="「ラプラス面」 (存在しないページ)">ラプラス面</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace_plane" class="extiw" title="en:Laplace plane">英語版</a>）</span></span>」の値。例外は月の対黄道面。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">地球の赤道面に対しては18.29°から28.58°</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">対月の公転面。対黄道面=1.54°、対地球の赤道面=24°</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lang2011-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lang2011_16-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Lang, Kenneth R. (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S4xDhVCxAQIC&pg=PA184"><i>The Cambridge Guide to the Solar System</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101071141/https://books.google.com/books?id=S4xDhVCxAQIC&pg=PA184">Archived</a> 1 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3" title="ウェイバックマシン">Wayback Machine</a>., 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">太陽には公転という意味での主星は存在しないが、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E9%9D%A2" title="銀河面">銀河面</a>内で<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E3%81%AE%E5%B7%9D%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="天の川銀河">天の川銀河</a>の中心である<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E6%A0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="銀河核">銀河核</a>の周りを約2.2億年余り（<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E5%B9%B4" title="銀河年">銀河年</a>）をかけて回っている。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">理科年表平成22年版、国立天文台、丸善 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ebw.eng-book.com/pdfs/a9e3a9f015da72dfda25666def557385.pdf">「太陽、惑星および月定数表」</a>、対黄道面。 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E9%9D%A2" title="銀河面">銀河面</a>に対しては67.23°である（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sun" class="extiw" title="en:sun">en:sun</a>より）。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">赤道面で。緯度75度で31.8。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="関連項目"><span id=".E9.96.A2.E9.80.A3.E9.A0.85.E7.9B.AE"></span>関連項目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2&action=edit&section=7" title="節を編集: 関連項目"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r94202605">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox noprint" style="width:22em;"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist" style="font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="ウィクショナリー">ウィクショナリー</a>に関連の辞書項目があります。<div style="margin-left:10px;"><b><a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:公転">公転</a></b> </div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%BB%A2" title="自転">自転</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E9%87%8F" title="角運動量">角運動量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%91%A8%E5%9B%9E%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93" title="太陽周回軌道">太陽周回軌道</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r96783592">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.90em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Saturn_template.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="スタブアイコン" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Saturn_template.svg/48px-Saturn_template.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Saturn_template.svg/72px-Saturn_template.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Saturn_template.svg/96px-Saturn_template.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">この項目は、<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="天文学">天文学</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85" title="天文学者">天文学者</a>を含む）</b>や<b>地球以外の<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93" title="天体">天体</a></b>に関連した<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%96" title="Wikipedia:スタブ">書きかけの項目</a></b>です。<a class="external text" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2&action=edit">この項目を加筆・訂正</a>などしてくださる<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E9%96%A2%E9%80%A3%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%96%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:天文学関連のスタブ項目">協力者を求めています</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88:%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93" title="プロジェクト:天体">プロジェクト:天体</a>／<a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:天文学">Portal:天文学</a>）。</p></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r99966302">.mw-parser-output .hlist ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist li,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt{margin-right:0;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:after{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist li:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:after{content:" ·\a0 ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li:after{content:" |\a0 ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li:after{content:" -\a0 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