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<li id="toc-Crown_land_in_England_and_Wales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crown_land_in_England_and_Wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Crown land in England and Wales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crown_land_in_England_and_Wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Wales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crown_land_in_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crown_land_in_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Crown land in Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crown_land_in_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crown_land_in_Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crown_land_in_Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Crown land in Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crown_land_in_Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crown_Estate_Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crown_Estate_Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Crown Estate Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crown_Estate_Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Present_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Present_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Present day</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Present_day-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Present day subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Present_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crown_Estate_Act_1961" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crown_Estate_Act_1961"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Crown Estate Act 1961</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crown_Estate_Act_1961-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Summary_of_the_act" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_of_the_act"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Summary of the act</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary_of_the_act-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holdings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holdings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Holdings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Holdings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Holdings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Holdings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_portfolio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_portfolio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Urban portfolio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_portfolio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rural_portfolio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rural_portfolio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Rural portfolio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rural_portfolio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windsor_Estate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windsor_Estate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Windsor Estate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windsor_Estate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marine_holdings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marine_holdings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Marine holdings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marine_holdings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_rights_and_interests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_rights_and_interests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Other rights and interests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_rights_and_interests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Finances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Historical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chairmen_and_chief_executives_of_the_Crown_Estate_Commissioners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chairmen_and_chief_executives_of_the_Crown_Estate_Commissioners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Chairmen and chief executives of the Crown Estate Commissioners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chairmen_and_chief_executives_of_the_Crown_Estate_Commissioners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ystad_y_Goron" title="Ystad y Goron – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ystad y Goron" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Estate" title="Crown Estate – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Crown Estate" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Estate" title="Crown Estate – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Crown Estate" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Estate" title="Crown Estate – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Crown Estate" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="املاک سلطنتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="املاک سلطنتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Estate" title="Crown Estate – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Crown Estate" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="मुकुटिय संपदाएँ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुकुटिय संपदाएँ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahan_Mahkota" title="Lahan Mahkota – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lahan Mahkota" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Estate" title="Crown Estate – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Crown Estate" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="クラウン・エステート – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クラウン・エステート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Crown_Estate" title="The Crown Estate – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="The Crown Estate" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Estate" title="Crown Estate – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Crown Estate" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Собственность Короны – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Собственность Короны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Estate" title="Crown Estate – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Crown Estate" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E8%B2%A1%E7%94%A2%E5%B1%80" title="英國皇家財產局 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="英國皇家財產局" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land_in_Ireland&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown land in Ireland">Crown land in Ireland</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Property owned by the monarch of the United Kingdom</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">The Crown Estate</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Crown_Estate_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c9/The_Crown_Estate_logo.svg/220px-The_Crown_Estate_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c9/The_Crown_Estate_logo.svg/330px-The_Crown_Estate_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c9/The_Crown_Estate_logo.svg/440px-The_Crown_Estate_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="105" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Statutory_corporation" title="Statutory corporation">Statutory corporation</a> under the <i>Crown Estate Act 1961</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Property_management" title="Property management">Property management</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1760</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">Parliament</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a>, by the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_list" title="Civil list">Civil List</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label">St James's Market<br />London, <a href="/wiki/SW_postcode_area" title="SW postcode area">SW1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Budenberg" title="Robin Budenberg">Sir Robin Budenberg</a> (Chairman)</li> <li>Dan Labbad (Chief Executive)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li>Property</li><li>residential</li><li>seabed management</li><li>real estate services</li><li>offices</li><li>shopping centres</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> £742.6 million (2023)</li><li>£490.8 million (2022)</li></ul></div> <sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> £442.6 million (2023)</li><li>£312.7 million (2022)</li></ul></div> <sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />88% to HM Treasury<br /><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Grant_Act_2011" title="Sovereign Grant Act 2011">12% to The Monarch</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> £15.8 billion (2023)</li><li>£15.7 billion (2022)</li></ul></div><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a><br />(in right of <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">The Crown</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk">www<wbr />.thecrownestate<wbr />.co<wbr />.uk</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>The Crown Estate</b> is a collection of lands and holdings in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> belonging to the <a href="/wiki/British_monarch" class="mw-redirect" title="British monarch">British monarch</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Corporation_sole#The_Crown" title="Corporation sole">corporation sole</a>, making it "the sovereign's public estate", which is neither government property nor part of the monarch's private estate.<sup id="cite_ref-report_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-backgrounder_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-backgrounder-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FAQ_Who_Owns_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAQ_Who_Owns-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guidance_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guidance-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Crown Estate in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> is managed by the <b>Crown Estate Commissioners</b>, which <a href="/wiki/Trade_name" title="Trade name">trades as</a> The Crown Estate. In <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, the Crown Estate is managed by <a href="/wiki/Crown_Estate_Scotland" title="Crown Estate Scotland">Crown Estate Scotland</a>, since the Scottish estate was devolved in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">The sovereign</a> has official ownership of the estate but is not involved with its management or administration; nor does the sovereign have personal control of its affairs. For all practical purposes, the Estate Commissioners shall exercise "all such acts as belong to the Crown's rights of ownership" for the Estate "on behalf of the Crown".<sup id="cite_ref-Act_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Act-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proceeds of the Estate, in part, funds the monarchy. The estate's extensive <a href="/wiki/Financial_portfolio" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial portfolio">portfolio</a> is overseen by a semi-independent, incorporated public body headed by the Crown Estate Commissioners, who exercise "the powers of ownership" of the estate, although they are not "owners in their own right".<sup id="cite_ref-report_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The revenues from these hereditary possessions have been placed by the monarch at the disposition of <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="His Majesty's Government">His Majesty's Government</a> in exchange for relief from the responsibility to fund the Civil Government.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These revenues proceed directly to <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="His Majesty's Treasury">His Majesty's Treasury</a>, for the benefit of the British nation; a percentage of them is then distributed back to the monarch.<sup id="cite_ref-report_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Crown Estate is formally accountable to the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FAQ_Treasury_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAQ_Treasury-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where it is legally mandated to provide an annual report for the sovereign, a copy of which is forwarded to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Act_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Act-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Crown Estate is one of the largest property managers in the United Kingdom, administering property worth £15.6 billion,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with urban properties, valued at £9.1 billion,<sup id="cite_ref-cereport_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cereport-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> representing the majority of the estate by value. These include many properties in central London, but the estate also controls 7,920 km<sup>2</sup> (3,060 sq mi) of agricultural land and forest and more than half of the UK's <a href="/wiki/Foreshore" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreshore">foreshore</a>, and retains various other traditional holdings and rights, including <a href="/wiki/Ascot_Racecourse" title="Ascot Racecourse">Ascot Racecourse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Great_Park" title="Windsor Great Park">Windsor Great Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <a href="/wiki/Home_Park,_Windsor" title="Home Park, Windsor">Windsor Home Park</a> is also part of the Crown Estate, occupied royal palaces, such as <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a> itself, are not part of the Crown Estate, but are managed through the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Households_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Royal Households of the United Kingdom">Royal Household</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naturally occurring gold and silver in the UK, collectively known as "Mines Royal", are managed by the Crown Estate and leased to mining operators.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, Crown Estate properties were administered by the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country. However, in <a href="/wiki/Civil_List_Act_1760" title="Civil List Act 1760">1760</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a> surrendered control over the estate's revenues to the Treasury,<sup id="cite_ref-guidance_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guidance-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thus relieving him of the responsibility of paying for the costs of the civil service, defence costs, the national debt, and his own personal debts. In return, he received an annual grant known as the <a href="/wiki/Civil_list#United_Kingdom" title="Civil list">Civil List</a>. </p><p>By tradition, each subsequent monarch agreed to this arrangement upon his or her accession. On 1 April 2012, under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Grant_Act_2011" title="Sovereign Grant Act 2011">Sovereign Grant Act 2011</a> (SSG), the Civil List was abolished and the monarch has since been provided with a stable source of revenue indexed to a percentage of the Crown Estate's annual net income.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was intended to provide a long-term solution and remove the politically sensitive issue of Parliament having to debate the Civil List allowance every ten years. Subsequently, the Sovereign Grant Act allows for all future monarchs to simply extend these provisions for their reigns by <a href="/wiki/Order_in_Council" title="Order in Council">Order in Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-backgrounder_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-backgrounder-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The act does not imply any legal change in the nature of the estate's ownership, but is simply a benchmark by which the sovereign grant is set as a grant by Parliament. </p><p>King Charles III Accession Council on 10 September 2022 "was the first to include provision for the royal finances", and in one of his first signed Orders in Council, he confirmed his willingness to surrender control of the Crown’s hereditary revenues from the Crown Estate in exchange for the Sovereign Grant.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crown_land_in_England_and_Wales">Crown land in England and Wales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Crown land in England and Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The history of the Crown lands in <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a> begins with the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" title="Norman Conquest">Norman Conquest</a> in 1066.<sup id="cite_ref-Our_History_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Our_History-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By <a href="/wiki/Right_of_conquest" title="Right of conquest">right of conquest</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William I</a> (<abbr>r.</abbr> 1066–1087) owned all the land in England and was able to redistribute it based on <a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_England" title="Feudalism in England">feudal</a> principles. <a href="/wiki/Tenant-in-chief" title="Tenant-in-chief">Tenants-in-chief</a> received land directly from the king in return for military service. <span class="anchor" id="Royal_manor"></span> The land that the king kept for himself was called the royal <a href="/wiki/Demesne" title="Demesne">demesne</a> and divided into <b>royal manors</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPugh19602_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPugh19602-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday</a> survey was completed in 1086, the king was still the largest single landholder, possessing over 18 percent of the landed estates in England. Between 10 and 30 percent of each <a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">county</a> belonged to the royal demesne. The king delegated management of royal lands to his <a href="/wiki/Sheriff" title="Sheriff">sheriffs</a>. Each year, the sheriff paid the king a fixed sum called the "<a href="/wiki/Farm_(revenue_leasing)" title="Farm (revenue leasing)">county farm</a>" and was allowed to keep any surplus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuscroft201689_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuscroft201689-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The county farms were the largest source of royal revenue, totaling over £10,000 annually.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartlett2000161_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartlett2000161-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The size of the royal demesne fluctuated over time. The 70 years after William I died saw substantial <a href="/wiki/Alienation_(property_law)" title="Alienation (property law)">alienation</a> of lands, especially during <a href="/wiki/The_Anarchy" title="The Anarchy">the Anarchy</a> when <a href="/wiki/Stephen,_King_of_England" title="Stephen, King of England">King Stephen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Empress_Matilda" title="Empress Matilda">Empress Matilda</a> attempted to buy support with land grants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPugh19603–4_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPugh19603–4-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crown lands were often used as <a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">patronage</a> to reward the king's family, friends, and servants. At the same time, the Crown lands also grew through confiscations and <a href="/wiki/Escheat" title="Escheat">escheat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartlett2000161_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartlett2000161-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Crown lands were augmented as well as depleted over the centuries: <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I</a> extended his possessions into <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, and <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="James I of England">James (VI & I)</a> had his own Crown lands in Scotland which were ultimately combined with the Crown lands of England and Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The disposals outweighed the acquisitions: at the time of the <a href="/wiki/English_Restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="English Restoration">Restoration</a> in 1660, the total revenue arising from Crown lands was estimated to be £263,598 (equal to £49,987,935 today).<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommissioners_of_Woods,_Forests_and_Land_Revenues17927s._26_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommissioners_of_Woods,_Forests_and_Land_Revenues17927s._26-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the reign of <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III</a> (1689–1702) it was reduced to some £6,000 (equal to £1,240,996 today).<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blue_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blue-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the reign of William III all the revenues of the kingdom were bestowed on the monarch for the general expenses of government. These revenues were of two kinds:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBest19011_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBest19011-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>the hereditary revenues, derived principally from the Crown lands, feudal rights (commuted for the hereditary excise duties in 1660), profits of the post office, with licences, etc.</li> <li>the temporary revenues derived from taxes granted to the king for a term of years or for life.</li></ul> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="English Parliament">Parliament</a> retained under its own control the greater part of the temporary revenues, and relieved the sovereign of the cost of the naval and military services and the burden of the <a href="/wiki/Government_debt" title="Government debt">national debt</a>. During the reigns of William III, Anne, <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Great_Britain" title="George I of Great Britain">George I</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">George II</a> the sovereign remained responsible for the maintenance of the civil government and for the support of the royal household and dignity, being allowed for these purposes the hereditary revenues and certain taxes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBest19011_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBest19011-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the state machinery expanded, the cost of the civil government exceeded the income from the Crown lands and feudal rights; this created a personal debt for the monarch. </p><p>On George III's accession he surrendered the income from the Crown lands to Parliament, and abrogated responsibility for the cost of the civil government and the clearance of associated debts. As a result, and to avoid pecuniary embarrassment, he was granted a fixed <a href="/wiki/Civil_list" title="Civil list">civil list</a> payment and the income retained from the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Duchy of Lancaster">Duchy of Lancaster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBest19012_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBest19012-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The King surrendered to parliamentary control the hereditary excise duties, post office revenues, and "the small branches" of hereditary revenue including rents of the Crown lands in England (which amounted to about £11,000, or £2,100,767 today),<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was granted a civil list annuity of £800,000 (equal to £152,783,019 today)<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the support of his household, subject to the payment of certain annuities to members of the royal family.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBest19012_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBest19012-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the King had retained large hereditary revenues, his income proved insufficient for his charged expenses because he used the privilege to reward supporters with bribes and gifts.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Debts amounting to over £3 million (equal to £302,899,002 today)<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over the course of George's reign were paid by Parliament, and the civil list annuity was then increased from time to time.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Every succeeding sovereign down to and including <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> renewed the arrangement made between George III and Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 19th century the practice was recognised as "an integral part of the Constitution [which] would be difficult to abandon".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBest19011_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBest19011-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, a review of funding arrangements for the monarchy led to the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Grant_Act_2011" title="Sovereign Grant Act 2011">Sovereign Grant Act 2011</a>, which according to HM Treasury, is:<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>A new consolidated grant rounding together the Civil List, Royal Palaces and Royal Travel grants-in-aid. It is intended that future funding will be set as a fraction of The Crown Estate revenue and paid through the annual Treasury Estimates process, and subject to full National Audit Office audit....</p></blockquote> <blockquote><p>The Grant is to enable The Queen to discharge her duties as Head of State. i.e. it meets the central staff costs and running expenses of Her Majesty's official Household – such things as official receptions, investitures, garden parties and so on. It will also cover the maintenance of the Royal Palaces in England and the cost of travel to carry out royal engagements such as opening buildings and other royal visits....</p></blockquote> <blockquote><p>While the amount of the Grant will be linked to the profits of the Crown Estate, those profits will continue to be paid in to the Exchequer; they are not to be hypothecated. Setting the Grant at a percentage of profits of the Crown Estate will help to put in place a durable and transparent framework.</p></blockquote> <p>In April 2014 it was reported that the Crown Estate was proposing to sell about 200 of its 750 rural homes in the UK, and was evicting tenants in preparation.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wales">Wales</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Crown Estate in Wales includes the coastal seabed up to 12 nautical miles, approximately 65% of the foreshore as well as the Welsh river bed and ports and marinas.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The estate also owns over 50,000 acres of Welsh upland and common land, mainly rough grazing land,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 250,000 acres of mineral deposits and the rights to gold and silver.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various offshore wind projects are part of the Crown Estate in Wales, including the proposed Awel y Môr,<sup id="cite_ref-:5_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Erebus 100MW Test and Demonstration project, and three 100M projects (in their assessment stage).<sup id="cite_ref-:5_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Crown Estate announced £1.2million would be invested into the Morlais tidal stream demonstration zone, developed by <a href="/wiki/Menter_M%C3%B4n" title="Menter Môn">Menter Môn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The value of the Welsh Crown Estate has risen from £49.2m in 2020 to £549.1m in 2021, and then to £603m in 2022. The revenue of the Welsh Crown Estate in 2021 was £8.7m.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the Crown Estate revenue; 75% goes to the UK Treasury whilst 25% is given to the monarch.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Wales, there have been multiple calls for the Crown Estate in Wales to be <a href="/wiki/Proposed_further_Welsh_devolution" title="Proposed further Welsh devolution">devolved</a>, including by Plaid Cymru, Welsh Labour and the Welsh Liberal Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An opinion poll in May 2023 also showed strong support for devolving the estate in Wales with a majority of 58% of the people of Wales supporting the devolution of the Crown Estate compared to 19% who are opposed and 23% who don't know. Poll breakdown showed that all major political party voters supported devolution of the estate in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crown_land_in_Ireland"><span class="anchor" id="Irl"></span>Crown land in Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Crown land in Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1793, George III surrendered the hereditary revenues of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a>, and was granted a civil list annuity for certain expenses of Irish civil government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBest19012_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBest19012-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nai_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nai-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the Crown land by then was from forfeitures after the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1641" title="Irish Rebellion of 1641">1641 rebellion</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Williamite_War_in_Ireland" title="Williamite War in Ireland">1688–91 revolution</a>, with some smaller older parcels remaining from earlier rebellions, the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of the Monasteries">Dissolution of the Monasteries</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Ireland">Norman period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Commissioners1806_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commissioners1806-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quitrent1827_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quitrent1827-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most confiscated land had been granted away again, as under the <a href="/wiki/Adventurers%27_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventurers' Act">Adventurers' Act</a> 1642, <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Settlement_1662" title="Act of Settlement 1662">Act of Settlement 1662</a>, and the Act of Resumption 1700.<sup id="cite_ref-Commissioners1806_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commissioners1806-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quitrent1827_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quitrent1827-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The balance which remained in Crown hands included the "undisposed lands" of the 1662 settlement (worth less than the small <a href="/wiki/Quit_rent" class="mw-redirect" title="Quit rent">quit rent</a> that a grantee would have had to pay) and the balance unsold by the trustees under the 1700 act at its 1703 time limit.<sup id="cite_ref-Commissioners1806_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commissioners1806-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scattered Crown lands were <a href="/wiki/Farm_(revenue_leasing)" title="Farm (revenue leasing)">farmed</a> out on long leases with little regard to the collection of rent.<sup id="cite_ref-Commissioners1806_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commissioners1806-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Responsibility lay with the Quit Rent Office, which was absorbed in 1827 by the <a href="/wiki/Commissioners_of_Woods,_Forests_and_Land_Revenues" title="Commissioners of Woods, Forests and Land Revenues">Commissioners of Woods, Forests and Land Revenues</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nai_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nai-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest Crown estate in the 1820s was Pobble O'Keefe in <a href="/wiki/Sliabh_Luachra" title="Sliabh Luachra">Sliabh Luachra</a> at 5,000 acres (2,000 ha).<sup id="cite_ref-Commissioners1806_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commissioners1806-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quitrent1827_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quitrent1827-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1828 the lease expired, and <a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Griffith,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Richard Griffith, 1st Baronet">Richard Griffith</a> was appointed to supervise its improvement, including the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Model_village" title="Model village">model village</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingwilliamstown" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingwilliamstown">Kingwilliamstown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1830s the Crown Estate resumed possession of land in Ballykilcline following the insanity of the head lessee. The occupational sub-lessees were seven years in arrears with their rent and the result was the Ballykilcline "removals" – <a href="/wiki/Assisted_colonization" class="mw-redirect" title="Assisted colonization">free emigration</a> to the new world in 1846. There was further state-assisted emigration from overpopulated Crown estates during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Great Famine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is evidence of Crown Estate public work schemes to employ the more distressed in improving drainage etc.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1854 a select committee of the House of Lords concluded that the small estates in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> should be sold.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 7,000 acres (2,800 ha) were subsequently sold for circa £25,000 (equal to £2.96<span class="nowrap"> </span>million today) at auction and £10,000 (equal to £1.19<span class="nowrap"> </span>million today) by private treaty: a major <a href="/wiki/Disinvestment" title="Disinvestment">disinvestment</a>, with reinvestment in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-blue_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blue-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Article 11 of the 1922 <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="Constitution of the Irish Free State">Constitution of the Irish Free State</a> provided that Crown Estate land within the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> would belong to the state,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which took over administrative responsibilities on 1 April 1923. At the time of handover, <a href="/wiki/Quit-rent" title="Quit-rent">quit rents</a> totalled £23,418 (equal to £2<span class="nowrap"> </span>million today) and rent from property £1,191 (equal to £86,000 today).<sup id="cite_ref-blue_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blue-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The estates handed over mostly comprised foreshore.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPugh196017_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPugh196017-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Crown Estate in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> in 1960 comprised "a few quit rents ... yielding yearly only £38."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPugh196017_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPugh196017-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2016 it had an income of £1.4<span class="nowrap"> </span>million, from cables, pipelines and windfarms on the foreshore, and goldmining in <a href="/wiki/County_Tyrone" title="County Tyrone">County Tyrone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Development of the seabed below low tide is hampered by <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_border#Waters_around_Northern_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border">a sovereignty dispute</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crown_land_in_Scotland">Crown land in Scotland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Crown land in Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crown_Estate_Scotland" title="Crown Estate Scotland">Crown Estate Scotland</a></div> <p>It was not until 1830 that <a href="/wiki/William_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="William IV of the United Kingdom">King William IV</a> revoked the income from the Crown estates in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hereditary land revenues of the Crown in Scotland, formerly under the management of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Exchequer_(Scotland)" title="Court of Exchequer (Scotland)">Barons of the Exchequer</a>, were transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Commissioners_of_Woods,_Forests_and_Land_Revenues" title="Commissioners of Woods, Forests and Land Revenues">Commissioners of Woods, Forests, Land Revenues, Works and Buildings</a> and their successors under the Crown Lands (Scotland) Acts of 1832, 1833 and 1835.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPugh196018_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPugh196018-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These holdings mainly comprised former ecclesiastical land (following the abolition of the episcopacy in 1689) in <a href="/wiki/Caithness" title="Caithness">Caithness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a>, and ancient royal possession in <a href="/wiki/Stirling" title="Stirling">Stirling</a> and Edinburgh, and feudal dues.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPugh196017_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPugh196017-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was virtually no urban property. Most of the present Scottish estate excepting foreshore and salmon fishing is due to inward investment, including <a href="/wiki/Glenlivet_Estate" title="Glenlivet Estate">Glenlivet Estate</a>, the largest area of land managed by the Crown Estate in Scotland, purchased in 1937,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Applegirth, Fochabers and Whitehill estates, purchased in 1963, 1937 and 1969 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After winning the <a href="/wiki/2011_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2011 Scottish Parliament election">2011 Scottish election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a> (SNP) called for the <a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">devolution</a> of the Crown Estate income to Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-snp_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snp-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to this demand, the <a href="/wiki/Scotland_Office" title="Scotland Office">Scotland Office</a> decided against dividing up the Crown Estates. However, plans were developed to allocate some of the Crown Estate income to the <a href="/wiki/Big_Lottery_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Lottery Fund">Big Lottery Fund</a>, which would then distribute funds to coastal communities.<sup id="cite_ref-snp_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snp-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These plans were criticised by the SNP.<sup id="cite_ref-snp_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snp-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Crown_Estate_Scotland">Crown Estate Scotland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Crown Estate Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Scotland_Act_2016" title="Scotland Act 2016">Scotland Act 2016</a> allowed the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Scottish Government</a> to take control of a portfolio of assets totalling £272 million ($339.6 million) after a devolved Scottish Crown Estate was established, including the rights to develop marine energy projects in the country. A new public body, <a href="/wiki/Crown_Estate_Scotland" title="Crown Estate Scotland">Crown Estate Scotland</a> (CES), was established to manage these assets.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Scotland Act 2016 allowed a transfer scheme to for devolution of powers over the management of revenue management of Scottish assets on 1 April 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the handover, the Crown Estate owned a multi-million stake in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Kinnaird" title="Fort Kinnaird">Fort Kinnaird</a> retail park in Edinburgh representing about 60% of the value of all Crown assets in Scotland. This was not passed to Crown Estates Scotland with other Scottish properties in 2016. Two years later, the Crown Estate sold its stake and used the funds to assume full ownership of the Gallagher Retail Park in <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham" title="Cheltenham">Cheltenham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Present_day">Present day</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Present day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crown_Estate_Act_1961">Crown Estate Act 1961</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Crown Estate Act 1961"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United Kingdom legislation</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vevent mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:100%"><span style="font-size:125%">Crown Estate Act 1961</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;">Act of Parliament</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg/140px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg/210px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg/280px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1550" /></span></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Short_and_long_titles" title="Short and long titles">Long title</a></th><td class="infobox-data description">An Act to make new provision in place of the Crown Lands Acts, 1829 to 1936, as to the powers exercisable by the Crown Estate Commissioners for the management of the Crown Estate, to transfer to the management of the Minister of Works certain land of the Crown Estate in Regent's Park and extend or clarify the powers of that Minister in Regent's Park, to amend the Forestry (Transfer of Woods) Act, 1923, as it affects the Crown Estate, to amend the law as to escheated land, and for purposes connected therewith.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation" title="Citation of United Kingdom legislation">Citation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/9_%26_10_Eliz._2" class="mw-redirect" title="9 & 10 Eliz. 2">9 & 10 Eliz. 2</a>. c. 55</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Territorial extent </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Northern_Ireland_%281953%E2%80%931972%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Northern_Ireland_%281953%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Northern_Ireland_%281953%E2%80%931972%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Northern_Ireland_%281953%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Northern_Ireland_%281953%E2%80%931972%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Northern_Ireland_%281953%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">27 July 1961</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Other legislation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Amends</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Lands_Act_1702" title="Crown Lands Act 1702">Crown Lands Act 1702</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Repeals/revokes</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><a href="/wiki/6_Hen._8" class="mw-redirect" title="6 Hen. 8">6 Hen. 8</a>. c. 15</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sales_to_the_Crown_Act_1746&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sales to the Crown Act 1746 (page does not exist)">Sales to the Crown Act 1746</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Lands_Act_1825&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown Lands Act 1825 (page does not exist)">Crown Lands Act 1825</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Lands_Act_1832&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown Lands Act 1832 (page does not exist)">Crown Lands Act 1832</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Lands_(Scotland)_Act_1832&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown Lands (Scotland) Act 1832 (page does not exist)">Crown Lands (Scotland) Act 1832</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demise_of_Parts_of_Rolls_Estate_Act_1836&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demise of Parts of Rolls Estate Act 1836 (page does not exist)">Demise of Parts of Rolls Estate Act 1836</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Improvements_Act_1841&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metropolitan Improvements Act 1841 (page does not exist)">Metropolitan Improvements Act 1841</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Lands_Act_1841&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown Lands Act 1841 (page does not exist)">Crown Lands Act 1841</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commissioners_of_Woods_(Audit)_Act_1844&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commissioners of Woods (Audit) Act 1844 (page does not exist)">Commissioners of Woods (Audit) Act 1844</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Improvements,_Metropolis_Act_1844&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Improvements, Metropolis Act 1844 (page does not exist)">Improvements, Metropolis Act 1844</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Lands_Act_1845&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown Lands Act 1845 (page does not exist)">Crown Lands Act 1845</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Lands_Act_1848&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown Lands Act 1848 (page does not exist)">Crown Lands Act 1848</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Lands_(Copyholds)_Act_1851&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown Lands (Copyholds) Act 1851 (page does not exist)">Crown Lands (Copyholds) Act 1851</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Lands_Act_1852&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown Lands Act 1852 (page does not exist)">Crown Lands Act 1852</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Lands_Act_1855&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown Lands Act 1855 (page does not exist)">Crown Lands Act 1855</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delamere_Forest_Act_1856&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delamere Forest Act 1856 (page does not exist)">Delamere Forest Act 1856</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Lands_Act_1866&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown Lands Act 1866 (page does not exist)">Crown Lands Act 1866</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Lands_Act_1873&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown Lands Act 1873 (page does not exist)">Crown Lands Act 1873</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commissioners_of_Woods_(Thames_Piers)_Act_1879&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commissioners of Woods (Thames Piers) Act 1879 (page does not exist)">Commissioners of Woods (Thames Piers) Act 1879</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Lands_Act_1885&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown Lands Act 1885 (page does not exist)">Crown Lands Act 1885</a></li><li>Crown Estate Act 1956</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Eliz2/9-10/55/contents/enacted">Text of statute as originally enacted</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/id?title=Crown+Estate+Act+1961">Text of the Crown Estate Act 1961</a> as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from <a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a>.</th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Crown Estate is now a <a href="/wiki/Statutory_corporation" title="Statutory corporation">statutory corporation</a> run on commercial lines by the Crown Estate Commissioners under the provisions of the <b>Crown Estate Act 1961</b> (<a href="/wiki/9_%26_10_Eliz._2" class="mw-redirect" title="9 & 10 Eliz. 2">9 & 10 Eliz. 2</a>. c. 55). Under that act, the Crown Estate Commissioners have a duty "while maintaining the Crown Estate as an estate in land [...] to maintain and enhance its value and the return obtained from it, but with due regard to the requirements of good management".<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The act provides among other things that (Section 1(5)) "The validity of transactions entered into by the Commissioners shall not be called in question on any suggestion of their not having acted in accordance with the provisions of this Act regulating the exercise of their powers, or of their having otherwise acted in excess of their authority, nor shall any person dealing with the Commissioners be concerned to inquire as to the extent of their authority or the observance of any restrictions on the exercise of their powers". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Summary_of_the_act">Summary of the act</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Summary of the act"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The act includes the following:<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The Crown Estate is an estate in land only, apart from cash and <a href="/wiki/Gilts" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilts">gilts</a> holdings necessary for the conduct of business.</li> <li>The Crown Estate Commissioners, who comprise the main board, are approved by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister. They are limited to eight persons.</li> <li>The board of commissioners have a duty to: <ul><li>maintain and enhance the capital value of the estate and its revenue income; but at the same time</li> <li>take into account the need to observe a high standard of estate management practice.</li></ul></li> <li>When selling or letting its property the Crown Estate should always seek to achieve the best consideration (i.e. price) which can reasonably be obtained in all the circumstances, but discounting any monopoly value (mainly from ownership of the foreshore and seabed).</li> <li>The Crown Estate cannot grant leases for a term of longer than 150 years.</li> <li>The Crown Estate cannot grant land options for more than ten years unless the property is re-valued when the option is exercised.</li> <li>The Crown Estate cannot borrow money.</li> <li>Donations can be made for religious or educational purposes connected with the estate or for tenants' welfare. Otherwise, charitable donations are forbidden.</li> <li>The character of the Windsor Estate (park and forest) must be preserved; no part of the estate may be sold.</li> <li>A report should be submitted to the monarch and to Parliament annually, showing the performance of the estate over the previous year.</li> <li>The Crown Estate should observe professional accounting practices and distinguish in its accounts between capital and revenue.</li> <li>Money received as a premium from a tenant on the granting of a new lease should be allocated between capital and revenue as follows: <ul><li>where the lease is for a term of thirty years or less it must be treated as revenue;</li> <li>for leases of more than thirty years it must be treated as capital.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>In 2010 a UK Parliament Treasury Committee report on the Crown Estate, the first for twenty years, reported that </p> <ul><li>it is "alarmed" that the Crown Estate in 2007 started investing in joint ventures such as the Gibraltar Limited Partnership, which it says is in "grave" financial difficulties. The Crown Estate owns 50% of the partnership, which owns the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Kinnaird" title="Fort Kinnaird">Fort Kinnaird</a> retail park near Edinburgh;</li> <li>the Crown Estate has a monopoly over the marine environment, and has focused too strongly on collecting revenues rather than acting in the long-term public interest around ports and harbours;</li> <li>the quality of residential property management in the urban estate falls short. Consultation processes have lacked transparency, and the committee was "particularly concerned" that the Crown Estate had failed to consult local bodies which had rights to nominate key workers;</li> <li>some non-commercial historic properties should be reviewed with a view to transferring management to conservation bodies such as English Heritage;</li> <li>ministers should take a greater interest in the Crown Estate, because its overall management struggles to balance revenue generation with acting in the wider public interest.</li></ul> <p>Crown Estate chief executive Roger Bright said: "We welcome the Committee’s recognition that we run a successful business operation."<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Holdings">Holdings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Holdings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_portfolio">Urban portfolio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Urban portfolio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This includes the entirety of <a href="/wiki/Regent_Street" title="Regent Street">Regent Street</a> and around half of <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s" title="St James's">St James's</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_End_of_London" title="West End of London">London's West End</a> as well as retail property across the UK in locations including <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harlow" title="Harlow">Harlow</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002 the Crown Estate began implementing a £1 billion investment programme to improve Regent Street's commercial, retail, and visitor facilities and public realm. In addition, it is investing £500 million in St James's, including a number of major redevelopments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rural_portfolio">Rural portfolio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Rural portfolio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Holdings consist of around 116,000 hectares (287,000 acres) of agricultural land and forests, together with minerals and residential and commercial property.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Agricultural interests </th> <td>Agricultural interests include both livestock and arable farming. Consisting of around 106,000 hectares (263,000 acres) across the UK, they also include 26,900 hectares (66,500 acres) of common land, principally in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Forestry </th> <td>Around 10,000 hectares (24,700 acres) of forestry<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Minerals </th> <td>Rights to extract minerals covers some 115,500 hectares (285,500 acres). Actual operations include 34 lettings, extracting sand, gravel, limestone, granite, brick clay, coal, slate and dimension stone.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windsor_Estate">Windsor Estate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Windsor Estate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Windsor Estate covers approximately 6,300 hectares and includes <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Great_Park" title="Windsor Great Park">Windsor Great Park</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Home_Park,_Windsor" title="Home Park, Windsor">Home Park</a> of <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a>, extensive forests, residential and commercial properties, golf courses, a racecourse and let farms. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Commercial and residential </th> <td>Offices, retail and hotel </td> <td>250 hectares </td></tr> <tr> <th>Leisure </th> <td>Golf clubs and <a href="/wiki/Ascot_Racecourse" title="Ascot Racecourse">Ascot Racecourse</a> </td> <td>250 hectares </td></tr> <tr> <th>Agriculture </th> <td>Farms </td> <td>1,200 hectares </td></tr> <tr> <th>Parkland </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Home_Park,_Windsor" title="Home Park, Windsor">Home Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Great_Park" title="Windsor Great Park">Great Park</a> </td> <td>1,600 hectares </td></tr> <tr> <th>Forestry </th> <td>Woodland areas </td> <td>3,100 hectares </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marine_holdings">Marine holdings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Marine holdings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Crown Estate's marine holdings consist of: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Foreshore" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreshore">Foreshore</a> </th> <td>Approximately 55% of the UK's foreshore is owned by the Crown Estate; other owners of UK foreshore include the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cornwall" title="Duchy of Cornwall">Duchy of Cornwall</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Duchy of Lancaster">Duchy of Lancaster</a>. In Orkney and Shetland, the Crown does not claim ownership of foreshore.<sup id="cite_ref-schedule_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schedule-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Territorial seabed </th> <td>The Crown Estate owns virtually all of the UK's seabed from mean low water to the 12-nautical-mile (22 km) limit.<sup id="cite_ref-schedule_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schedule-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Continental shelf and extraterritorial rights </th> <td>Sovereign rights of the UK in the seabed and its resources vested by the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Shelf_Act_1964_(United_Kingdom)" title="Continental Shelf Act 1964 (United Kingdom)">Continental Shelf Act 1964</a> (sub-soil and substrata below the surface of the seabed, but excluding oil, gas and coal), the Energy Acts 2004 (renewable energy) and 2008 (gas and carbon storage).<sup id="cite_ref-schedule_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schedule-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Crown Estate plays a major role in the development of the offshore wind energy industry in the UK. Other commercial activity managed by the Crown Estate on the seabed includes wave and tidal energy, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage" title="Carbon capture and storage">carbon capture and storage</a>, aggregates, submarine cables and pipelines and the mining of <a href="/wiki/Potash" title="Potash">potash</a>. In terms of the foreshore, the Crown Estate issue licences or leases for around 850 aquaculture sites and owns marina space for approximately 18,000 moorings. As of 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, marine holdings had a value of £4.1 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_rights_and_interests">Other rights and interests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other rights and interests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other rights and interests include: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Shopping centres </th> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crowngate_Shopping_Centre" title="Crowngate Shopping Centre">Crowngate Shopping Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westgate_Oxford" title="Westgate Oxford">Westgate Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princesshay" title="Princesshay">Princesshay</a> in <a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a> in a 50:50 <a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">joint venture</a> with <a href="/wiki/Landsec" title="Landsec">Landsec</a>.</li> <li>A 5% share in the <a href="/wiki/Lendlease" title="Lendlease">Lend Lease Retail Partnership</a> which has an equity interest in the <a href="/wiki/Bluewater_Shopping_Centre" title="Bluewater Shopping Centre">Bluewater Shopping Centre</a> in Kent and <a href="/wiki/Touchwood,_Solihull" title="Touchwood, Solihull">Touchwood, Solihull</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Retail parks </th> <td> <ul><li>Crown Point Shopping Park in <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li>MK1 Shopping Park in <a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes" title="Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverlink_Shopping_Park" title="Silverlink Shopping Park">Silverlink Shopping Park</a> in North Tyneside</li> <li>Aintree Shopping Park in Merseyside</li> <li>Altrincham Retail Park in <a href="/wiki/Trafford" title="Trafford">Trafford</a></li> <li>Bath Road Shopping Park in <a href="/wiki/Slough" title="Slough">Slough</a></li> <li>Ocean Retail Park in <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li>Queensgate Centre in <a href="/wiki/Harlow" title="Harlow">Harlow</a></li> <li>South Aylesford Retail Park in <a href="/wiki/Maidstone" title="Maidstone">Maidstone</a></li> <li>Apsley Mills Retail Park in <a href="/wiki/Hemel_Hempstead" title="Hemel Hempstead">Hemel Hempstead</a></li> <li>Victoria Retail Park in <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morfa,_Swansea" title="Morfa, Swansea">Morfa Shopping Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Coliseum Retail Park in Cheshire Oaks, <a href="/wiki/Ellesmere_Port" title="Ellesmere Port">Ellesmere Port</a> has been bought for £81m</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Cheltenham" title="Cheltenham">Cheltenham</a>'s Gallagher Retail Park and <a href="/wiki/Warwick" title="Warwick">Warwick</a>'s Leamington Shopping Park are owned 50/50 through "The Gibraltar Limited Partnership" with The Hercules Unit Trust, a <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a>-based property unit trust. The estate recently purchased the new Rushden Lakes site in Northamptonshire from its developers. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Retail and office buildings </th> <td>Princes Street, London W1B (near <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Circus" title="Oxford Circus">Oxford Circus</a>) with a 66.67% interest.<sup id="cite_ref-schedule_79-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schedule-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Savoy Estate apportionment </th> <td>Right to receive 23% of the income from the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Duchy of Lancaster">Duchy of Lancaster</a>'s Savoy Estate in London.<sup id="cite_ref-schedule_79-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schedule-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Native mussels and oysters in Scotland </th> <td>Wild crustaceans (does not include cultivated crustaceans)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Mussels and oysters are not crustaceans; is this a separate item? (September 2014)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Reversionary and contingent interests </th> <td>Some properties are sold by the Crown Estate for public benefit (such as educational or religious use) with a reverter clause, which means ownership may revert to the Crown Estate in the event of a change of use. <p>Hereditary properties of the monarch currently in government use will revert to the Crown Estate in the event of the government use ceasing.<sup id="cite_ref-schedule_79-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schedule-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Escheated land </th> <td>Land that has no owner other than the Crown as <a href="/wiki/Lord_paramount" title="Lord paramount">lord paramount</a> of the whole soil of the country. Escheat can result from bankruptcy or the dissolution of companies. Freehold land owned by dissolved companies which were registered in England or Wales are dealt with by the Treasury Solicitor as <i><a href="/wiki/Bona_vacantia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bona vacantia">bona vacantia</a></i>. </td></tr> <tr> <th>Licences and right granted at nil rent </th> <td>Includes: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>water mains</li><li>cables</li><li>substations</li><li>war memorials</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finances">Finances</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Finances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 2021/2022 fiscal year, the Crown Estate's property evaluation was £15.6 billion with a £312.7 million net revenue profit, which is paid into the <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Fund" title="Consolidated Fund">Consolidated Fund</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">UK government</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical">Historical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Historical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Previous officials responsible for managing what is now the Crown Estate were:<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_General_of_Woods,_Forests,_Parks,_and_Chases" title="Surveyor General of Woods, Forests, Parks, and Chases">Surveyor General of Woods, Forests, Parks, and Chases</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surveyor_General_of_the_Land_Revenues_of_the_Crown" title="Surveyor General of the Land Revenues of the Crown">Surveyor General of the Land Revenues of the Crown</a>, 17th century to 1810</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioners_of_Woods_and_Forests" title="Commissioners of Woods and Forests">Commissioners of Woods, Forests and Land Revenues</a>, 1810–1831</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioners_of_Woods,_Forests_and_Land_Revenues" title="Commissioners of Woods, Forests and Land Revenues">Commissioners of Woods, Forests, Land Revenues, Works and Buildings</a>, 1832–1850</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioners_of_Woods,_Forests_and_Land_Revenues" title="Commissioners of Woods, Forests and Land Revenues">Commissioners of Woods, Forests and Land Revenues</a>, 1851–1924</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioners_of_Crown_Lands_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioners of Crown Lands (UK)">Commissioners of Crown Lands</a>, 1924–1954</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chairmen_and_chief_executives_of_the_Crown_Estate_Commissioners">Chairmen and chief executives of the Crown Estate Commissioners</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Chairmen and chief executives of the Crown Estate Commissioners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Chairmen (First Commissioner)</b> </p> <ul><li>1955–62 – <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Trustram_Eve,_1st_Baron_Silsoe" title="Malcolm Trustram Eve, 1st Baron Silsoe">Sir Malcolm Trustram Eve</a> (later Lord Silsoe) (1894–1976)</li> <li>1962–77 – <a href="/wiki/John_Drummond,_8th_Earl_of_Perth" class="mw-redirect" title="John Drummond, 8th Earl of Perth">The Earl of Perth</a> (1907–2002)</li> <li>1977–80 – <a href="/wiki/George_Thomson,_Baron_Thomson_of_Monifieth" title="George Thomson, Baron Thomson of Monifieth">Lord Thomson of Monifieth</a> (1921–2008)</li> <li>1980–85 – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lindsay,_29th_Earl_of_Crawford" title="Robert Lindsay, 29th Earl of Crawford">The Earl of Crawford and Balcarres</a> (1927–2023)</li> <li>1985–95 – <a href="/wiki/William_Murray,_8th_Earl_of_Mansfield_and_Mansfield" class="mw-redirect" title="William Murray, 8th Earl of Mansfield and Mansfield">The Earl of Mansfield and Mansfield</a> (1930–2015)</li> <li>1995–2002 – <a href="/wiki/Denys_Henderson" title="Denys Henderson">Sir Denys Hartley Henderson</a> (1932–2016)</li> <li>2002–2009 – <a href="/wiki/Ian_David_Grant" class="mw-redirect" title="Ian David Grant">Sir Ian David Grant</a> (1943–2022)</li> <li>2010–2016 – <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Hampson" title="Stuart Hampson">Sir Stuart Hampson</a> (born 1947)</li> <li>2016 – <a href="/wiki/Robin_Budenberg" title="Robin Budenberg">Sir Robin Budenberg</a> (born 1959)</li></ul> <p><b>Chief executives (Second Commissioner)</b> </p> <ul><li>1955–60 – Sir Ronald Montague Joseph Harris (1913–1995)</li> <li>1960–68 – Sir Jack Alexander Sutherland-Harris (1908–1986)</li> <li>1968–78 – Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Alan_Wood" title="William Alan Wood">William Alan Wood</a> (1916–2010)</li> <li>1978–83 – Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Moore_(civil_servant)" title="John Moore (civil servant)">John Michael Moore</a> (1921–2016)</li> <li>1983–89 – Dr Keith Dexter (1928–1989)</li> <li>1989-2001 – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Howes" title="Christopher Howes">Sir Christopher Howes</a> (born 1942)</li> <li>2001–2011 – Roger Martin Francis Bright (born 1951)</li> <li>2012–2019 – Dame <a href="/wiki/Alison_Nimmo" title="Alison Nimmo">Alison Nimmo</a> (born 1964)</li> <li>2019 – Dan Labbad</li></ul> <p>The chairman (formally titled "first commissioner") is part-time. The chief executive (the "second commissioner") is the only full-time executive member of the Crown Estate's board.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balmoral_Castle" title="Balmoral Castle">Balmoral Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Estate_Paving_Commission" title="Crown Estate Paving Commission">Crown Estate Paving Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Estate_Scotland" title="Crown Estate Scotland">Crown Estate Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cornwall" title="Duchy of Cornwall">Duchy of Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Duchy of Lancaster">Duchy of Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince%27s_Coverts" title="Prince's Coverts">Prince's Coverts</a> – Area of managed woodland in Oxshott, Surrey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_Street" title="Regent Street">Regent Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandringham_House" title="Sandringham House">Sandringham House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Great_Park" title="Windsor Great Park">Windsor Great Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrimonio_Nacional" title="Patrimonio Nacional">Patrimonio Nacional</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/about-us/annual-report">"Our Annual Report 2022/23 | Our Annual Report 2022/23"</a>. <i>www.thecrownestate.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Reduced from 25% to 12% for 2024/2025 onwards.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-report-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-report_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-report_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-report_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_House_of_Commons_Treasury_Committee2010" class="citation book cs1">The House of Commons Treasury Committee (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmtreasy/325/325i.pdf"><i>The management of the Crown Estate</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Petition+seeks+control+of+Wales%27+Crown+Estate+land&rft.date=2022-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-wales-60096958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/media/4127/wales-highlights.pdf">"Wales Highlights 2021/22"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wales+Highlights+2021%2F22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrownestate.co.uk%2Fmedia%2F4127%2Fwales-highlights.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/en-gb/media-and-insights/news/the-crown-estate-to-invest-12million-in-welsh-tidal-stream-energy-innovation/">"The Crown Estate to invest £1.2million in Welsh tidal stream energy innovation | The Crown Estate to invest £1.2million in Welsh tidal stream energy innovation"</a>. <i>www.thecrownestate.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thecrownestate.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Crown+Estate+to+invest+%C2%A31.2million+in+Welsh+tidal+stream+energy+innovation+%7C+The+Crown+Estate+to+invest+%C2%A31.2million+in+Welsh+tidal+stream+energy+innovation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrownestate.co.uk%2Fen-gb%2Fmedia-and-insights%2Fnews%2Fthe-crown-estate-to-invest-12million-in-welsh-tidal-stream-energy-innovation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/media/3872/wales-highlights-2021-final.pdf">"Wales Highlights 2020/21"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WalesOnline&rft.atitle=Welsh+people+say+the+Crown+Estate+should+be+devolved+to+Wales&rft.date=2023-05-05&rft.aulast=Hayward&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.walesonline.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fwales-news%2Fmost-welsh-people-believe-crown-26854998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nai-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nai_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nai_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archivesportaleurope.net/advanced-search/search-in-archives/results-(archives)/?&repositoryCode=IE-NAI&levelName=archdesc&t=fa&recordId=QRO">"Records of the Quit Rent Office (IE-NAI – QRO)"</a>. <i>National Archives of Ireland</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+World+Immigrants%3A+A+Consolidation+of+Ship+Passenger+Lists+and+Associated+Data+from+Periodical+Literature&rft.pages=487-488&rft.pub=Genealogical+Publishing+Com&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-8063-0854-8&rft.aulast=Tepper&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHUqRznvpxsMC%26pg%3DRA1-PA487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"HC 1851 (637) 50 437.0". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dippam.ac.uk/eppi/documents/12948"><i>Reports on Experimental Improvements on Crown Estate of King William's Town, in County Cork: further report of Mr. Griffiths to the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Woods</i></a>. 4 August 1851.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=HC+1851+%28637%29+50+437.0&rft.btitle=Reports+on+Experimental+Improvements+on+Crown+Estate+of+King+William%27s+Town%2C+in+County+Cork%3A+further+report+of+Mr.+Griffiths+to+the+Commissioners+of+Her+Majesty%27s+Woods&rft.date=1851-08-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dippam.ac.uk%2Feppi%2Fdocuments%2F12948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllis1960" class="citation journal cs1">Ellis, Eilish (1960). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Treasury+Committee+slates+Crown+Estate+%26%23124%3B+Public+Property+UK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicpropertyuk.com%2F2010%2F03%2F30%2Ftreasury-committee-slates-crown-estate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150519102456/http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/news-and-media/news/2011/purchases-of-swansea-shopping-park-sees-crown-estate-regional-portfolio-reach-%C2%A31-billion-of-retail-space/">"Crown Estate news"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/news-and-media/news/2011/purchases-of-swansea-shopping-park-sees-crown-estate-regional-portfolio-reach-%C2%A31-billion-of-retail-space/">the original</a> on 19 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crown+Estate+news&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrownestate.co.uk%2Fnews-and-media%2Fnews%2F2011%2Fpurchases-of-swansea-shopping-park-sees-crown-estate-regional-portfolio-reach-%25C2%25A31-billion-of-retail-space%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116063152/http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/rural/what-we-do/">"The Crown Estate || What we do"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/rural/what-we-do/">the original</a> on 16 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Crown+Estate+%26%23124%3B%26%23124%3B+What+we+do&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrownestate.co.uk%2Frural%2Fwhat-we-do%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116064209/http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/rural/agriculture/">"Agriculture"</a>. <i>The Crown Estate</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/rural/agriculture/">the original</a> on 16 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Crown+Estate&rft.atitle=Agriculture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrownestate.co.uk%2Frural%2Fagriculture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180220033036/http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/rural-and-coastal/forestry/">"Forestry"</a>. <i>The Crown Estate</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/rural-and-coastal/forestry/">the original</a> on 20 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Crown+Estate&rft.atitle=Forestry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrownestate.co.uk%2Frural-and-coastal%2Fforestry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180220033050/http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/rural-and-coastal/minerals/">"Minerals"</a>. <i>The Crown Estate</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/rural-and-coastal/minerals/">the original</a> on 20 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Crown+Estate&rft.atitle=Minerals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrownestate.co.uk%2Frural-and-coastal%2Fminerals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schedule-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schedule_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schedule_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schedule_79-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schedule_79-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schedule_79-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schedule_79-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/82006/response/209727/attach/5/schedule+of+properties+rights+and+interests.pdf">"List of Assets – a Freedom of Information request to The Crown Estate"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Whatdotheyknow.com</i>. 6 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Whatdotheyknow.com&rft.atitle=List+of+Assets+%E2%80%93+a+Freedom+of+Information+request+to+The+Crown+Estate&rft.date=2011-08-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatdotheyknow.com%2Frequest%2F82006%2Fresponse%2F209727%2Fattach%2F5%2Fschedule%2Bof%2Bproperties%2Brights%2Band%2Binterests.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell2021" class="citation web cs1">Russell, Tom (24 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.4coffshore.com/news/round-4-record-investments-bolster-crown-estate27s-revenue-nid23754.html">"Round 4 record investments bolster Crown Estate's revenue"</a>. <i>4c Offshore</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624161611/https://www.4coffshore.com/news/round-4-record-investments-bolster-crown-estate27s-revenue-nid23754.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=4c+Offshore&rft.atitle=Round+4+record+investments+bolster+Crown+Estate%27s+revenue&rft.date=2021-06-24&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.4coffshore.com%2Fnews%2Fround-4-record-investments-bolster-crown-estate27s-revenue-nid23754.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://completelyretail.co.uk/portfolio/CrownEstates/scheme/Morfa-Shopping-Park-Swansea/index">"The Crown Estate Portfolio – Scheme Index – Completely Retail"</a>. <i>Completelyretail.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Completelyretail.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Crown+Estate+Portfolio+%E2%80%93+Scheme+Index+%E2%80%93+Completely+Retail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcompletelyretail.co.uk%2Fportfolio%2FCrownEstates%2Fscheme%2FMorfa-Shopping-Park-Swansea%2Findex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060910133432/http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/121_foi/122_foi_publication_scheme.htm">"FoI Publication Scheme"</a>. 10 September 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/121_foi/122_foi_publication_scheme.htm">the original</a> on 10 September 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FoI+Publication+Scheme&rft.date=2006-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrownestate.co.uk%2F121_foi%2F122_foi_publication_scheme.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071221170050/http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/financial_information.htm">"Financial Information"</a>. <i>www.thecrownestate.co.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/financial_information.htm">the original</a> on 21 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thecrownestate.co.uk&rft.atitle=Financial+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrownestate.co.uk%2Ffinancial_information.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Annual Reports of Commissioners of Woods and Forests 1811, 1853 and 1855</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartlett2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bartlett_(historian)" title="Robert Bartlett (historian)">Bartlett, Robert</a> (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/englandundernorm00bart_0"><i>England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings, 1075-1225</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/New_Oxford_History_of_England" title="New Oxford History of England">New Oxford History of England</a>. Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199251018" title="Special:BookSources/9780199251018"><bdi>9780199251018</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=England+Under+the+Norman+and+Angevin+Kings%2C+1075-1225&rft.series=New+Oxford+History+of+England&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780199251018&rft.aulast=Bartlett&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglandundernorm00bart_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBest1901" class="citation journal cs1">Best, G. Percival (March 1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andywightman.com/docs/civil_list_crown_1901.pdf">"The Civil List and the Hereditary Revenues of the Crown"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Fortnightly Review</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230612054246/http://www.andywightman.com/docs/civil_list_crown_1901.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Fortnightly+Review&rft.atitle=The+Civil+List+and+the+Hereditary+Revenues+of+the+Crown&rft.date=1901-03&rft.aulast=Best&rft.aufirst=G.+Percival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.andywightman.com%2Fdocs%2Fcivil_list_crown_1901.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommissioners_of_Woods,_Forests_and_Land_Revenues1792" class="citation book cs1">Commissioners of Woods, Forests and Land Revenues (1792). "Part 1". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615054341/http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/1792_history_of_the_crown_estate.pdf"><i>Twelfth Report of the Commissioners appointed to Enquire into the State and Conditions of Woods, Forests, and Land Revenues of the Crown</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/1792_history_of_the_crown_estate.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+1&rft.btitle=Twelfth+Report+of+the+Commissioners+appointed+to+Enquire+into+the+State+and+Conditions+of+Woods%2C+Forests%2C+and+Land+Revenues+of+the+Crown&rft.date=1792&rft.au=Commissioners+of+Woods%2C+Forests+and+Land+Revenues&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrownestate.co.uk%2F1792_history_of_the_crown_estate.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Crown Estate, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080130123338/http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/annual_report/">Annual report and accounts 2009</a>. Retrieved July 2009</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuscroft2016" class="citation book cs1">Huscroft, Richard (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tKNYCwAAQBAJ"><i>Ruling England, 1042–1217</i></a> (2nd ed.). Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1138786554" title="Special:BookSources/978-1138786554"><bdi>978-1138786554</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ruling+England%2C+1042%E2%80%931217&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1138786554&rft.aulast=Huscroft&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtKNYCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugh1960" class="citation cs2">Pugh, R. B. (1960), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110409115416/http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/crown_estate_history.pdf"><i>The Crown Estate: An Historical Essay</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, The Crown Estate, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/crown_estate_history.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 April 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crown+Estate%3A+An+Historical+Essay&rft.pub=The+Crown+Estate&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Pugh&rft.aufirst=R.+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrownestate.co.uk%2Fcrown_estate_history.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolffe1971" class="citation book cs1">Wolffe, B. P. (1971). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/royaldemesneinen0000wolf"><i>The Royal Demesne in English History: The Crown Estate in the Governance of the Realm from the Conquest to 1509</i></a></span>. London: George Allen & Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0049420879" title="Special:BookSources/0049420879"><bdi>0049420879</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Demesne+in+English+History%3A+The+Crown+Estate+in+the+Governance+of+the+Realm+from+the+Conquest+to+1509&rft.place=London&rft.pub=George+Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0049420879&rft.aulast=Wolffe&rft.aufirst=B.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froyaldemesneinen0000wolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Estate" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk">Official website</a></span></span> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140512034400/http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/about-us/financial-information/">Crown Estate annual report of assets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Eliz2/9-10/55">Text of the Crown Estate Act 1961</a> as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from <a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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<a href="/wiki/City_Minister" title="City Minister">City Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchequer_Secretary_to_the_Treasury" title="Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury">Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Secretary_to_the_Treasury" title="Commercial Secretary to the Treasury">Commercial Secretary to the Treasury</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lords_Commissioners_of_the_Treasury" title="Lords Commissioners of the Treasury">Lords Commissioners of the Treasury</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_(United_Kingdom)" title="Civil Service (United Kingdom)">Civil Service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Secretary_to_the_Treasury" title="Permanent Secretary to the Treasury">Permanent Secretary to the Treasury</a></li></ul> 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Responsibility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crown Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_and_Projects_Authority" title="Infrastructure and Projects Authority">Infrastructure and Projects Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reclaim_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reclaim Fund (page does not exist)">Reclaim Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Mint" title="Royal Mint">Royal Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Government_Investments" title="UK Government Investments">UK Government Investments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Wealth_Fund_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Wealth Fund (United Kingdom)">National Wealth Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADAS_(company)" title="ADAS (company)">ADAS (company)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arla_Foods_UK" title="Arla Foods UK">Arla Foods UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Matthews_Foods" title="Bernard Matthews Foods">Bernard Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faccenda_Foods" title="Faccenda Foods">Faccenda Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmcare" title="Farmcare">Farmcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontier_Agriculture" title="Frontier Agriculture">Frontier Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genus_plc" title="Genus plc">Genus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCller_Milk_%26_Ingredients" title="Müller Milk & Ingredients">Müller Milk & Ingredients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFU_Mutual" title="NFU Mutual">NFU Mutual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbrook_Group" title="Norbrook Group">Norbrook Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openfield" title="Openfield">Openfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saputo_Dairy_UK" title="Saputo Dairy UK">Saputo Dairy UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestey_Holdings" title="Vestey Holdings">Vestey Holdings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Conservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grazing_marsh" title="Grazing marsh">Grazing marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedgerow_removal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hedgerow removal">Hedgerow removal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_Breeds_Survival_Trust" title="Rare Breeds Survival Trust">Rare Breeds Survival Trust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Government<br />and regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Land_Classification" title="Agricultural Land Classification">Agricultural Land Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_and_Horticulture_Development_Board" title="Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board">Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potato_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Potato Council">Potato Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_and_Livestock_Commission" title="Meat and Livestock Commission">Meat and Livestock Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_and_Plant_Health_Agency" title="Animal and Plant Health Agency">Animal and Plant Health Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cattle_Movement_Service" title="British Cattle Movement Service">British Cattle Movement Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Country_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="The Country Code">The Country Code</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crown Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agriculture,_Environment_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs">Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Environment,_Food_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs">Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Animal_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute for Animal Health">Institute for Animal Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Agriculture_legislation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Agriculture legislation in the United Kingdom">Legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_Meat_Scotland" title="Quality Meat Scotland">Quality Meat Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_England" title="Natural England">Natural England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights_of_way_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Rights of way in Scotland">Rights of way in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Payments_Agency" title="Rural Payments Agency">Rural Payments Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_Zero_Directorates" title="Net Zero Directorates">Scottish Government Net Zero Directorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_Payment_Scheme" title="Single Payment Scheme">Single Payment Scheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Agricultural_Revolution" title="British Agricultural Revolution">Agricultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_timber_trade" title="British timber trade">British timber trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_field" title="Celtic field">Celtic field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_land" title="Common land">Common land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Laws" title="Corn Laws">Corn Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diggers" title="Diggers">Diggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_barn" title="Dutch barn">Dutch barn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclosure" title="Enclosure">Enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haughley_Experiment" title="Haughley Experiment">Haughley Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">Highland Clearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Potato_Famine" title="Highland Potato Famine">Highland Potato Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowland_Clearances" title="Lowland Clearances">Lowland Clearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napier_Commission" title="Napier Commission">Napier Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rationing in the United Kingdom">Rationing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run_rig" title="Run rig">Run rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Reconstruction_Association" title="Rural Reconstruction Association">Rural Reconstruction Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Agricultural_Revolution" title="Scottish Agricultural Revolution">Scottish Agricultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_Riots" title="Swing Riots">Swing Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_garden" title="Victory garden">Victory garden</a></li> <li>Women's Land Army - <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Land_Army_(World_War_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Land Army (World War I)">WWI</a> / <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Land_Army_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Land Army (World War II)">WWII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foot-and-mouth_disease" title="Foot-and-mouth disease">Foot-and-mouth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1967_United_Kingdom_foot-and-mouth_outbreak" title="1967 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_foot-and-mouth_outbreak" title="2001 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_United_Kingdom_foot-and-mouth_outbreak" title="2007 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak">2007</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Nations and regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="England" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_England" title="Agriculture in England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Cheshire" title="History of agriculture in Cheshire">Agriculture in Cheshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_London" title="Agriculture in London">Agriculture in London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_cuisine" title="English cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_cuisine" title="Cornish cuisine">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Devon" title="Cuisine of Devon">Devon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_England" title="Fishing industry in England">Fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Scotland" title="Agriculture in Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_breeds" title="List of Scottish breeds">Animal breeds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_animal_breeds" title="Shetland animal breeds">Shetland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crofting" title="Crofting">Crofting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Crofting_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Crofting Foundation">Scottish Crofting Foundation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_(Scotland)" title="Factor (Scotland)">Factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Scotland" title="Fishing industry in Scotland">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highland_Show" title="Royal Highland Show">Royal Highland Show</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Wales" title="Agriculture in Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_breeds" title="List of Welsh breeds">Animal breeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cuisine" title="Welsh cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Welsh_Show" title="Royal Welsh Show">Royal Welsh Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%B7_unnos" title="Tŷ unnos">Tŷ unnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Wales" title="Fishing industry in Wales">Fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Ireland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Irish_cuisine" title="Northern Irish cuisine">Cuisine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Non-governmental<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Employers' associations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_Union_of_Wales" title="Farmers' Union of Wales">Farmers' Union of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Farmers%27_Union_of_England_and_Wales" title="National Farmers' Union of England and Wales">National Farmers' Union of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Farmers%27_Union_of_Scotland" title="National Farmers' Union of Scotland">National Farmers' Union of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Farmers%27_Union" title="Ulster Farmers' Union">Ulster Farmers' Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Farmers%27_Clubs_of_Ulster" title="Young Farmers' Clubs of Ulster">Young Farmers' Clubs of Ulster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade unions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Union" title="Unite the Union">Unite the Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Agricultural_and_Allied_Workers" title="National Union of Agricultural and Allied Workers">National Union of Agricultural and Allied Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_%26_General_Workers%27_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport & General Workers' Union">Transport & General Workers' Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landowners' organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Country_Land_and_Business_Association" title="Country Land and Business Association">Country Land and Business Association</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Educational and<br />research institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Biological,_Environmental_and_Rural_Sciences" title="Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences">Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hutton_Institute" title="James Hutton Institute">James Hutton Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Arabidopsis_Stock_Centre" title="Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre">Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothamsted_Research" title="Rothamsted Research">Rothamsted Research</a></li> <li>Museums <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_English_Rural_Life" title="Museum of English Rural Life">Museum of English Rural Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Rural_Life" title="National Museum of Rural Life">National Museum of Rural Life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Non-Food_Crops_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="National Non-Food Crops Centre">National Non-Food Crops Centre</a></li> <li>Universities and colleges <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Agriculture,_Food_and_Rural_Enterprise" title="College of Agriculture, Food and Rural Enterprise">CAFRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Agricultural_University" title="Royal Agricultural University">Royal Agricultural University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland%27s_Rural_College" title="Scotland's Rural College">Scotland's Rural College</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Egg_Industry_Council" title="British Egg Industry Council">British Egg Industry Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Poultry_Council" title="British Poultry Council">British Poultry Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresh_Start_Initiative" title="Fresh Start Initiative">Fresh Start Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highland_and_Agricultural_Society_of_Scotland" title="Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland">Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_Food_%26_Drink" title="Scotland Food & Drink">Scotland Food & Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_Association" title="Soil Association">Soil Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenant_Farmers_Association" title="Tenant Farmers Association">Tenant Farmers Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beekeeping_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Beekeeping in the United Kingdom">Beekeeping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_Gap" class="mw-redirect" title="June Gap">June Gap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fell_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Fell farming">Fell farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Forestry in the United Kingdom">Forestry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Archers" title="The Archers">The Archers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clarkson%27s_Farm" title="Clarkson's Farm">Clarkson's Farm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Countryfile" title="Countryfile">Countryfile</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eglu" title="Eglu">Eglu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Farmers_Weekly" title="Farmers Weekly">Farmers Weekly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Farming_Today" title="Farming Today">Farming Today</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurdles_(agricultural)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurdles (agricultural)">Hurdles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Agriculture_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Agriculture in the United Kingdom">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Real_estate_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Real_estate_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Real estate in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Real_estate_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Real estate in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Real_estate_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Real estate in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Real_estate_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Real estate in the United Kingdom">Real estate in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affordability_of_housing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Affordability of housing in the United Kingdom">Affordability of housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">Real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">Economy of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estate_agent" title="Estate agent">Estate agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_agent" title="Land agent">Land agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_retailer" title="Property retailer">Property retailer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Developers, Owners<br />and Investors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_London" title="Allied London">Allied London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballymore_Group" title="Ballymore Group">Ballymore Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banks_Group" title="Banks Group">Banks Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Walker" title="Brent Walker">Brent Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruntwood" title="Bruntwood">Bruntwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_International" title="Cain International">Cain International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf_Group" title="Canary Wharf Group">Canary Wharf Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_%26_Counties_Properties" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital & Counties Properties">Capital & Counties Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_%26_Centric" title="Capital & Centric">Capital & Centric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLS_Holdings" title="CLS Holdings">CLS Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_Street_Community_Builders" title="Coin Street Community Builders">Coin Street Community Builders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daejan_Holdings" title="Daejan Holdings">Daejan Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delancey_(company)" title="Delancey (company)">Delancey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derwent_London" title="Derwent London">Derwent London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galliard_Homes" title="Galliard Homes">Galliard Homes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grainger_plc" title="Grainger plc">Grainger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harworth_Group" title="Harworth Group">Harworth Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heron_International" title="Heron International">Heron International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWG_plc" title="IWG plc">IWG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IQ_Student_Accommodation" title="IQ Student Accommodation">IQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JTRE_London" title="JTRE London">JTRE London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexi_Holdings" title="Lexi Holdings">Lexi Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_%26_Continental_Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="London & Continental Railways">London & Continental Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Central_Portfolio" title="London Central Portfolio">London Central Portfolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_%26_Associated_Properties" title="London & Associated Properties">London & Associated Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_%26_Regional_Properties" title="London & Regional Properties">London & Regional Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEPC_plc" title="MEPC plc">MEPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minerva_(property_firm)" title="Minerva (property firm)">Minerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moda_Living" title="Moda Living">Moda Living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Anvil" title="Mount Anvil">Mount Anvil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opal_Property_Group" title="Opal Property Group">Opal Property Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peel_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Peel Group">Peel Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintain_(company)" title="Quintain (company)">Quintain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sellar_Property_Group" title="Sellar Property Group">Sellar Property Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury_Capital" title="Shaftesbury Capital">Shaftesbury Capital</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury_plc" title="Shaftesbury plc">Shaftesbury plc</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soho_Estates" title="Soho Estates">Soho Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Span_Developments" title="Span Developments">Span Developments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Martins_Property_Group" title="St Martins Property Group">St Martins Property Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Modwen_Properties" class="mw-redirect" title="St Modwen Properties">St Modwen Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanhope_plc" title="Stanhope plc">Stanhope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targetfollow" title="Targetfollow">Targetfollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_House_(company)" title="Trafalgar House (company)">Trafalgar House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Properties" title="West Properties">West Properties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">House<br />Builders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barratt_Redrow" title="Barratt Redrow">Barratt Redrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellway" title="Bellway">Bellway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Group_Holdings" title="Berkeley Group Holdings">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloor_Homes" title="Bloor Homes">Bloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Boot_plc" title="Henry Boot plc">Boot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cala_Homes" title="Cala Homes">Cala Homes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crest_Nicholson" title="Crest Nicholson">Crest Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M_J_Gleeson" title="M J Gleeson">Gleeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keepmoat" title="Keepmoat">Keepmoat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lendlease" title="Lendlease">Lendlease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthy_%26_Stone" class="mw-redirect" title="McCarthy & Stone">McCarthy & Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miller_Homes" title="Miller Homes">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muir_Homes" class="mw-redirect" title="Muir Homes">Muir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persimmon_plc" title="Persimmon plc">Persimmon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charles_Church_Developments" title="Charles Church Developments">Charles Church</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retirement_Villages" title="Retirement Villages">Retirement Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Wimpey" title="Taylor Wimpey">Taylor Wimpey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Wimpey" title="George Wimpey">George Wimpey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Woodrow" title="Taylor Woodrow">Taylor Woodrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telford_Homes" title="Telford Homes">Telford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_House" class="mw-redirect" title="United House">United House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untypical" title="Untypical">Untypical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistry_Group" title="Vistry Group">Vistry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Countryside_Partnerships" title="Countryside Partnerships">Countryside</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Property<br />Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidwells" title="Bidwells">Bidwells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNP_Paribas_Real_Estate" title="BNP Paribas Real Estate">BNP Paribas Real Estate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strutt_%26_Parker" title="Strutt & Parker">Strutt & Parker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Jonas" title="Carter Jonas">Carter Jonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBRE_Group" title="CBRE Group">CBRE Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestertons" title="Chestertons">Chestertons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluttons" title="Cluttons">Cluttons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colliers_International" title="Colliers International">Colliers International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connells_Group" title="Connells Group">Connells Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Countrywide" title="Countrywide">Countrywide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushman_%26_Wakefield" title="Cushman & Wakefield">Cushman & Wakefield</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DTZ" title="DTZ">DTZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Leonard" title="Cyril Leonard">Cyril Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deloitte_Real_Estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Deloitte Real Estate">Deloitte Real Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EC_Harris" title="EC Harris">EC Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxtons" title="Foxtons">Foxtons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamptons_(Estate_Agents)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamptons (Estate Agents)">Hamptons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrods_Estates" title="Harrods Estates">Harrods Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humberts" title="Humberts">Humberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JLL_(company)" title="JLL (company)">JLL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Sturge" title="King Sturge">King Sturge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D_Wood_%26_Co." title="John D Wood & Co.">John D Wood & Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_Frank" title="Knight Frank">Knight Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LSL_Property_Services" title="LSL Property Services">LSL Property Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Lichfield" title="Nathaniel Lichfield">Nathaniel Lichfield & Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newmark_Group" title="Newmark Group">Newmark Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gerald_Eve" title="Gerald Eve">Gerald Eve</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purplebricks" title="Purplebricks">Purplebricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RH_%26_RW_Clutton" title="RH & RW Clutton">RH & RW Clutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savills" title="Savills">Savills</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smiths_Gore" title="Smiths Gore">Smiths Gore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spicerhaart" title="Spicerhaart">Spicerhaart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Modern_House" title="The Modern House">The Modern House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winkworth_plc" title="Winkworth plc">Winkworth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Property<br />Portals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Globrix" title="Globrix">Globrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestoria" title="Nestoria">Nestoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuroa" title="Nuroa">Nuroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OnTheMarket" title="OnTheMarket">OnTheMarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenRent" title="OpenRent">OpenRent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rightmove" title="Rightmove">Rightmove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StuRents.com" title="StuRents.com">StuRents.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WhatHouse%3F" title="WhatHouse?">WhatHouse?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoopla" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoopla">Zoopla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primelocation" class="mw-redirect" title="Primelocation">Primelocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FindaProperty" title="FindaProperty">FindaProperty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Property_Shop" title="UK Property Shop">UK Property Shop</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Real Estate<br />Investment<br />Trusts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assura_plc" title="Assura plc">Assura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Yellow_Group" title="Big Yellow Group">Big Yellow Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Land" title="British Land">British Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derwent_London" title="Derwent London">Derwent London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Portland_Estates" title="Great Portland Estates">Great Portland Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerson" title="Hammerson">Hammerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansteen_Holdings" title="Hansteen Holdings">Hansteen Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intu" title="Intu">Intu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsec" title="Landsec">Landsec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_%26_Stamford_Property" class="mw-redirect" title="London & Stamford Property">London & Stamford Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LXi_REIT" title="LXi REIT">LXi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewRiver" title="NewRiver">NewRiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_Health_Properties" title="Primary Health Properties">Primary Health Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redefine_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Redefine International">Redefine International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safestore" title="Safestore">Safestore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segro" title="Segro">Segro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritax_Big_Box_REIT" title="Tritax Big Box REIT">Tritax Big Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritax_EuroBox" title="Tritax EuroBox">Tritax EuroBox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unite_Students" title="Unite Students">Unite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workspace_Group" title="Workspace Group">Workspace Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Privately Owned<br />Estates in London</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Estate" title="Bedford Estate">Bedford Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadogan_Estates" title="Cadogan Estates">Cadogan Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_Group" title="Grosvenor Group">Grosvenor Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_de_Walden_Estate" title="Howard de Walden Estate">Howard de Walden Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langham_Estate" title="Langham Estate">Langham Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pettiward_Estate" title="Pettiward Estate">Pettiward Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portman_Estate" title="Portman Estate">Portman Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Industry<br />Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G15_(housing_associations)" title="G15 (housing associations)">G15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Property_Federation" title="British Property Federation">British Property Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_Research_Establishment" title="Building Research Establishment">Building Research Establishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Workplace_and_Facilities_Management" title="Institute of Workplace and Facilities Management">Institute of Workplace and Facilities Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Estate_Agents" class="mw-redirect" title="National Association of Estate Agents">National Association of Estate Agents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_House_Building_Council" title="National House Building Council">National House Building Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects" title="Royal Institute of British Architects">Royal Institute of British Architects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution_of_Chartered_Surveyors" title="Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors">Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Law and<br />Regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assured_shorthold_tenancy" title="Assured shorthold tenancy">Assured shorthold tenancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authorised_Conveyancing_Practitioners_Board" title="Authorised Conveyancing Practitioners Board">Authorised Conveyancing Practitioners Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_regulations_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Building regulations in the United Kingdom">Building regulations in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_Licensed_Conveyancers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council for Licensed Conveyancers">Council for Licensed Conveyancers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_tenure_in_England" title="Land tenure in England">Land tenure in England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Registry" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Registry">Land Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Property_Ombudsman" title="The Property Ombudsman">The Property Ombudsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_buy" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to buy">Right to buy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Manage" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to Manage">Right to Manage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Assured_Tenancy_(Scotland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Short Assured Tenancy (Scotland)">Short Assured Tenancy (Scotland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenancy_Deposit_Scheme_(England_and_Wales)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenancy Deposit Scheme (England and Wales)">Tenancy Deposit Scheme (England and Wales)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenancy_deposit_schemes_(Scotland)" title="Tenancy deposit schemes (Scotland)">Tenancy deposit schemes (Scotland)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Railways_Property_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="British Railways Property Board">British Railways Property Board</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crown Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estates_Gazette" title="Estates Gazette">Estates Gazette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LandlordZONE" title="LandlordZONE">LandlordZONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_Week" title="Property Week">Property Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_estate_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Public estate in the United Kingdom">Public estate in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_mortgage_terminology" title="UK mortgage terminology">UK mortgage terminology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Real_estate_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Real estate in the United Kingdom">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_real_estate_management" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_real_estate_management" title="Template:Public real estate management"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Public_real_estate_management&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Public real estate management (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_real_estate_management" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public real estate management"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_real_estate_management" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Public real estate management</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft" title="Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft">Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Properties" title="Senate Properties">Senate Properties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Federal_Real_Estate_(Germany)" title="Institute for Federal Real Estate (Germany)">Institute for Federal Real Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrimonio_Nacional" title="Patrimonio Nacional">Patrimonio Nacional</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Fortifications_Agency" title="Swedish Fortifications Agency">Swedish Fortifications Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Property_Board_of_Sweden" title="National Property Board of Sweden">National Property Board of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasakronan" title="Vasakronan">Vasakronan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akademiska_Hus" title="Akademiska Hus">Akademiska Hus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialfastigheter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specialfastigheter (page does not exist)">Specialfastigheter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_estate_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Public estate in the United Kingdom">Public estate in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crown Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000477443248">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/140394424">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/5187220-1">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&oldid=1255707975#Irl">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown_Estate&oldid=1255707975#Irl</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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