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Peristyle - Wikipedia
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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Peristyle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Перыстыль – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перыстыль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Перистил – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Перистил" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristil" title="Peristil – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Peristil" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristyl" title="Peristyl – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Peristyl" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristyl" title="Peristyl – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Peristyl" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristyl" title="Peristyl – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Peristyl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perist%C3%BC%C3%BCl" title="Peristüül – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Peristüül" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Περιστύλιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περιστύλιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristilo" title="Peristilo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Peristilo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristilo" title="Peristilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Peristilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristilo" title="Peristilo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Peristilo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9ristyle" title="Péristyle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Péristyle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADstilo" title="Perístilo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Perístilo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9D%BC" title="페리스타일 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페리스타일" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AC" title="Պերիստիլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պերիստիլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristil" title="Peristil – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Peristil" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristilo" title="Peristilo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Peristilo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristilium" title="Peristilium – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Peristilium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristilio" title="Peristilio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Peristilio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9C" title="פריסטיל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פריסטיל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Перистиль – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Перистиль" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristylium" title="Peristylium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Peristylium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristils" title="Peristils – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Peristils" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periszt%C3%BClion" title="Perisztülion – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Perisztülion" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristylium" title="Peristylium – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Peristylium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB" title="ペリスタイル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペリスタイル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristyl" title="Peristyl – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Peristyl" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perystyl" title="Perystyl – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Perystyl" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristilo" title="Peristilo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Peristilo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristil" title="Peristil – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Peristil" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Перистиль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Перистиль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristil" title="Peristil – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Peristil" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Перистил – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Перистил" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristil_(arhitektura)" title="Peristil (arhitektura) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Peristil (arhitektura)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristyyli" title="Peristyyli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Peristyyli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristyl" title="Peristyl – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Peristyl" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristil" title="Peristil – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Peristil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Перистиль – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перистиль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%9F%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%BA%AD" title="列柱中庭 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="列柱中庭" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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href="/wiki/File:Ricostruzione_del_giardino_della_casa_dei_vetii_di_pompei_(mostra_al_giardino_di_boboli,_2007)_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ricostruzione_del_giardino_della_casa_dei_vetii_di_pompei_%28mostra_al_giardino_di_boboli%2C_2007%29_01.JPG/250px-Ricostruzione_del_giardino_della_casa_dei_vetii_di_pompei_%28mostra_al_giardino_di_boboli%2C_2007%29_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ricostruzione_del_giardino_della_casa_dei_vetii_di_pompei_%28mostra_al_giardino_di_boboli%2C_2007%29_01.JPG/330px-Ricostruzione_del_giardino_della_casa_dei_vetii_di_pompei_%28mostra_al_giardino_di_boboli%2C_2007%29_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ricostruzione_del_giardino_della_casa_dei_vetii_di_pompei_%28mostra_al_giardino_di_boboli%2C_2007%29_01.JPG/500px-Ricostruzione_del_giardino_della_casa_dei_vetii_di_pompei_%28mostra_al_giardino_di_boboli%2C_2007%29_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Reconstruction of a Roman peristyle surrounding a courtyard in <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, Italy</figcaption></figure> <p>In ancient <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_architecture" title="Ancient Greek architecture">Greek</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_architecture" title="Ancient Roman architecture">Roman architecture</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <b>peristyle</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɛr/: 'err' in 'merry'">ɛr</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:περίστυλον">περίστυλον</a></span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><span title="Ancient Greek transliteration" lang="grc-Latn"><i>perístulon</i></span></i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a continuous porch formed by a row of columns surrounding the perimeter of a building or a courtyard. <i><b>Tetrastoön</b></i> (<span title="Ancient Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">τετράστῳον/<span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BF%CE%BD#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:τετράστοον">τετράστοον</a></span></span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><span title="Ancient Greek transliteration" lang="grc-Latn"><i>tetrástōion/tetrástoon</i></span></i></span>, 'four arcades')<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a rarely used archaic term for this feature.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The peristyle in a Greek temple is a <i><b><a href="/wiki/Peristasis_(architecture)" title="Peristasis (architecture)">peristasis</a></b></i> (<span title="Ancient Greek-language text"><span lang="grc"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:περίστασις">περίστασις</a></span></span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><span title="Ancient Greek transliteration" lang="grc-Latn"><i>perístasis</i></span></i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Christian <a href="/wiki/Church_architecture" title="Church architecture">ecclesiastical architecture</a> that developed from the Roman <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilica</a>, a courtyard peristyle and its garden came to be known as a <a href="/wiki/Cloister" title="Cloister">cloister</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peristyle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Greek word περίστυλον <i>perístylon</i> is composed of περί <i>peri</i>, "around" or "surrounded", and στῦλος <i>stylos</i>, "column" or "pillar", together meaning "surrounded by columns/pillars". It was Latinised into synonyms <i>peristylum</i> and <i>peristylium</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Greek_architecture">In Greek architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peristyle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In Greek architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A peristyle was mostly used as a courtyard in Ancient Greece, but in the homes of people who were in the upper class or if they owned slaves usually, it was also used as gardens surrounding. The peristyle use was a common area, a place in the house were both men and Woman could meet. Sometimes, it also included an altar for sacrifices. Large parties, ones that were too large for the Estates <a href="/wiki/Symposium" title="Symposium">Symposium</a> room, were mainly in the peristyle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Roman_architecture">In Roman architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peristyle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In Roman architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dioklecijanova_palaca,_Split_N-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Dioklecijanova_palaca%2C_Split_N-3.jpg/220px-Dioklecijanova_palaca%2C_Split_N-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Dioklecijanova_palaca%2C_Split_N-3.jpg/330px-Dioklecijanova_palaca%2C_Split_N-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Dioklecijanova_palaca%2C_Split_N-3.jpg/440px-Dioklecijanova_palaca%2C_Split_N-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5984" data-file-height="3366" /></a><figcaption>Peristyle in <a href="/wiki/Diocletian%27s_Palace" title="Diocletian's Palace">Diocletian's Palace</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In rural settings, a wealthy Roman could surround a <a href="/wiki/Villa" title="Villa">villa</a> with <a href="/wiki/Terraced_gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Terraced gardens">terraced gardens</a> but often included a peristyle with the design; in a <i><a href="/wiki/Domus" title="Domus">domus</a></i> in the city, Romans often used peristyle to create a garden or open space within the house. The columns or square pillars surrounding the garden supported a shady roofed <a href="/wiki/Portico" title="Portico">portico</a> whose inner walls were often embellished with elaborate wall paintings of landscapes and <i><a href="/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il" title="Trompe-l'œil">trompe-l'œil</a></i> architecture. Sometimes the <i><a href="/wiki/Lararium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lararium">lararium</a></i>, a shrine for the <a href="/wiki/Lares" title="Lares">Lares</a>, the gods of the household, was located in this portico, or it might be found in the <a href="/wiki/Atrium_(architecture)" title="Atrium (architecture)">atrium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The courtyard might contain flowers and shrubs, fountains, benches, sculptures and even fish ponds.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romans devoted as large a space to the peristyle as site constraints permitted. In the grandest development of the urban peristyle house, as it evolved in <a href="/wiki/Roman_North_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman North Africa">Roman North Africa</a>, often one part of the portico was eliminated for a larger open space.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The end of the Roman <i>domus</i> is one mark of the extinction of <a href="/wiki/Late_antiquity" title="Late antiquity">late antiquity</a>. Simon P. Ellis wrote in the <i>American Journal of Archaeology</i> that it represented "the disappearance of the Roman peristyle house marks the end of the ancient world and its way of life."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "No new peristyle houses were built after A.D. 550." Noting that as houses and villas were increasingly abandoned in the fifth century, a few palatial structures were expanded and enriched, as power and classical culture became concentrated in a narrowing class, and public life withdrew to the <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilica</a>, or audience chamber, of the magnate.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman empire">Eastern Roman empire</a>, late antiquity lingered longer: Ellis identified the latest-known peristyle house built from scratch as the Villa of the Falconer at <a href="/wiki/Argos,_Peloponnese" title="Argos, Peloponnese">Argos, Peloponnese</a>, dating from the style of its floor <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaics</a> to about 530–550.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Existing houses in many cases were subdivided to accommodate a larger and less elite population in a warren of small spaces, and columned porticoes were enclosed in small cubicles, as at the House of Hesychius at <a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya">Cyrene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peristyle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_architecture" title="Ancient Egyptian architecture">ancient Egyptian architecture</a> predates Greek and Roman architecture, historians frequently use the Greek term <i>peristyle</i> to describe similar, earlier structures in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptian</a> palace architecture and in <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levantine</a> houses known as <a href="/wiki/Liwan" title="Liwan">liwan houses</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peristyle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcade_(architecture)" title="Arcade (architecture)">Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldresca" title="Baldresca">Baldresca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclostyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclostyle">Cyclostyle</a> (monopteros): a ring of columns</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypostyle" title="Hypostyle">Hypostyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loggia" title="Loggia">Loggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrangle_(architecture)" title="Quadrangle (architecture)">Quadrangle (architecture)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peristyle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. A. Dickmann. "The peristyle and the transformation of domestic space in Hellenistic Pompeii", <i>Journal of Roman Archeology</i> 1997.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Frazer, "Modes of European Courtyard Design before the Medieval Cloister" <i>Gesta</i>, 1973; K. E. Meyer, "Axial peristyle houses in the western empire", <i>Journal of Roman Archaeology</i>, 1999; S. Hales, <i>The Roman House and Social Identity</i> 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=peristyle">"peristyle"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=peristyle&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dperistyle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeristyle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=peri/stulos"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">περίστυλον</span></span></a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell, Henry George</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott, Robert</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon" title="A Greek–English Lexicon">A Greek–English Lexicon</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=tetra/stoon"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τετράστοον</span></span></a> in <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tetrastoön"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Tetrasto%C3%B6n">"Tetrastoön" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 671.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tetrasto%C3%B6n&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=671&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeristyle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=peri/stasis"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">περίστασις</span></span></a> in <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. B. MacDougall, W. M. F. Jashemski, eds., <i>Ancient Roman Gardens: Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium on the History of Landscape Architecture</i>, 1979.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. B. MacDougall, W. M. F. Jashemski, eds., <i>Ancient Roman Gardens: Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium on the History of Landscape Architecture</i>, 1979.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Yvon_Th%C3%A9bert" title="Yvon Thébert">Yvon Thébert</a>, "Private life and domestic architecture in Roman Africa", in <a href="/wiki/Paul_Veyne" title="Paul Veyne">Paul Veyne</a>, ed. <i>A History of Private Life</i>, I: <i>From Pagan Rome to Byzantium</i> (1985, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Goldhammer" title="Arthur Goldhammer">Arthur Goldhammer</a>, tr., 1987) esp. "The peristyle", pp 357–64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simon P. Ellis, "The End of the Roman House" <i>American Journal of Archaeology</i> <b>92</b>.4 (October 1988:565–576) opened the article's abstract with these words.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ellis notes G. Akerström-Hougen, <i>The Calendar and Hunting Mosaics of the Falconer in Argos</i>, Stockholm, 1974; a somewhat later peristyle house, at Hermione in the Peloponnesus, of the end of the 6th century, was not initiated at this late date but a partial reconstruction of an earlier elite dwelling (Ellis 1988:565).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ellis notes G. Akerström-Hougen, <i>The Calendar and Hunting Mosaics of the Falconer in Argos</i>, Stockholm, 1974; a somewhat later peristyle house, at Hermione in the Peloponnesus, of the end of the 6th century, was not initiated at this late date but a partial reconstruction of an earlier elite dwelling (Ellis 1988:565).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noted by Ellis p. 567.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peristyle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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