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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Origini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Origini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finalità_e_forme_specifiche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finalità_e_forme_specifiche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Finalità e forme specifiche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finalità_e_forme_specifiche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_grammatica_come_competenza_linguistica_dei_parlanti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_grammatica_come_competenza_linguistica_dei_parlanti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>La grammatica come competenza linguistica dei parlanti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_grammatica_come_competenza_linguistica_dei_parlanti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grammatica</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 171 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-171" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">171 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Grammatika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B0%E1%8B%8B%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%8D" title="ሰዋስው - amarico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሰዋስው" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatica" title="Gramatica - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gramatica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9" title="قواعد لغة - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قواعد لغة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%A0%DC%A5%DC%99%DC%90" title="ܩܢܘܢܐ ܕܠܥܙܐ - aramaico" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܢܘܢܐ ܕܠܥܙܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9" title="قواعد لغة - arabo marocchino" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="قواعد لغة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabo marocchino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="ব্যাকৰণ - assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ব্যাকৰণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - avaro" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qrammatika" title="Qrammatika - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qrammatika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1" title="قرامر - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قرامر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik - bavarese" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramat%C4%97ka" title="Gramatėka - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gramatėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanghayan" title="Balanghayan - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Balanghayan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматыка - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Граматыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматыка - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Граматыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматика - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Граматика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="व्याकरण" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="ব্যাকরণ - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্যাকরণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="བརྡ་སྤྲོད་ཀྱི་གཞུང་། - tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བརྡ་སྤྲོད་ཀྱི་གཞུང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezhadur" title="Yezhadur - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhadur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A0tica" title="Gramàtica - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gramàtica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84-hu%C3%A1k" title="Ngṳ̄-huák - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngṳ̄-huák" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - ceceno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ceceno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8E%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ڕێزمان - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕێزمان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarf" title="Sarf - turco crimeo" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Sarf" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turco crimeo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramadeg" title="Gramadeg - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gramadeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramer" title="Gramer - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Gramer" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Γραμματική - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γραμματική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Grammar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatiko" title="Gramatiko - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gramatiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Grammatika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática - estremegno" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremegno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دستور زبان - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دستور زبان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kielioppi" title="Kielioppi - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kielioppi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1ll%C3%A6ra" title="Mállæra - faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Mállæra" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammaire" title="Grammaire - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grammaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatik" title="Gramatik - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gramatik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Grammatika" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="文法 - gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="文法" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A8r" title="Gramèr - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Gramèr" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A0mar" title="Gràmar - gaelico scozzese" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gràmar" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelico scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91e%27%E1%BA%BDtekuaa" title="Ñe'ẽtekuaa - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñe'ẽtekuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण - konkani goano" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="व्याकरण" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="konkani goano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9" title="𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹 - gotico" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammeydys" title="Grammeydys - mannese" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Grammeydys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahawu" title="Nahawu - hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Nahawu" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A7" title="דקדוק - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דקדוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="व्याकरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyakaran" title="Vyakaran - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Vyakaran" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A8" title="Gramè - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gramè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyelvtan" title="Nyelvtan - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyelvtan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Քերականություն - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քերականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_bahasa" title="Tata bahasa - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tata bahasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatiko" title="Gramatiko - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gramatiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1lfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Málfræði - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Málfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="文法 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="文法" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grama" title="Grama - creolo giamaicano" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Grama" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="creolo giamaicano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/gerna" title="gerna - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="gerna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="გრამატიკა - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრამატიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika - kara-kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Grammatika" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D" title="វេយ្យាករណ៍ - khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វេយ្យាករណ៍" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3" title="ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%EB%B2%95" title="문법 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="문법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - permiaco" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="permiaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AAziman" title="Rêziman - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rêziman" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yethador" title="Yethador - cornico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Yethador" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - giudeo-spagnolo" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="giudeo-spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatica" title="Gramatica - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Gramatica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammair" title="Grammair - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Grammair" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatica" title="Gramatica - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Gramatica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99" title="ໄວຍະກອນ - lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໄວຍະກອນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitsipi-pitenenana" title="Fitsipi-pitenenana - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fitsipi-pitenenana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Йылмылончыш - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Йылмылончыш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматика - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Граматика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="വ്യാകരണം - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വ്യാകരണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A0_%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9E" title="ꯂꯣꯟꯆꯠ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ - manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯣꯟꯆꯠ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="သဒ္ဒါမန် - Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="သဒ္ဒါမန်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्याकरण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatabahasa" title="Tatabahasa - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tatabahasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática - mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB" title="သဒ္ဒါ - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သဒ္ဒါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण - nepalese" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="व्याकरण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%82" title="भाय्‌लचं - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भाय्‌लचं" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatikk" title="Grammatikk - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Grammatikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatikk" title="Grammatikk - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grammatikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatike" title="Gramatike - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Gramatike" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9E%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%9C%DF%8D" title="ߞߊ߲ߜߍ - n’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߞߊ߲ߜߍ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatica" title="Gramatica - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gramatica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seerluga" title="Seerluga - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Seerluga" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Грамматикæ - ossetico" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Грамматикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8" title="ਵਿਆਕਰਨ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਆਕਰਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar - pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Grammar" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garalita" title="Garalita - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Garalita" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granmo%C3%A8re" title="Granmoère - piccardo" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Granmoère" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="piccardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatyka" title="Gramatyka - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gramatyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A0tica" title="Gramàtica - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gramàtica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B1" title="گریمر - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گریمر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Γραμματική - pontico" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Γραμματική" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pontico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simi_kamachiy" title="Simi kamachiy - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Simi kamachiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatic%C4%83" title="Gramatică - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gramatică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ґраматіка - ruteno" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґраматіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruteno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikibonezamvugo" title="Ikibonezamvugo - kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikibonezamvugo" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="व्याकरणम् - sanscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="व्याकरणम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B2" title="ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramm%C3%A0tica" title="Grammàtica - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Grammàtica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Grammar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1" title="گرامر - sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گرامر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB" title="ව්‍යාකරණ - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ව්‍යාකරණ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Grammar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika_(jazykoveda)" title="Gramatika (jazykoveda) - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gramatika (jazykoveda)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovnica" title="Slovnica - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Slovnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiel%C3%A2opp%C3%A2" title="Kielâoppâ - sami di Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kielâoppâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami di Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматика - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Граматика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarufi" title="Sarufi - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sarufi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="இலக்கணம் (மொழியியல்) - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலக்கணம் (மொழியியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82_(%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF)" title="వ్యాకరణం (అయోమయనివృత్తి) - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వ్యాకరణం (అయోమయనివృత్తి)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дастури забон - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Дастури забон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C" title="ไวยากรณ์ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไวยากรณ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balarila" title="Balarila - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Balarila" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grama" title="Grama - tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Grama" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilbilgisi" title="Dilbilgisi - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dilbilgisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%89%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%83%D8%A7" title="گىرامماتىكا - uiguro" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گىرامماتىكا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматика - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Граматика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%90_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قواعدِ زبان - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قواعدِ زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Grammatika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramadega" title="Gramadega - veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Gramadega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%AF_ph%C3%A1p" title="Ngữ pháp - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngữ pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramat" title="Gramat - volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Gramat" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croejhete_(linwince)" title="Croejhete (linwince) - vallone" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Croejhete (linwince)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" title="語法 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="語法" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igramma" title="Igramma - xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Igramma" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="გრამატიკა - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გრამატიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7" title="גראמאטיק - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גראמאטיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammaotica" title="Grammaotica - zelandese" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Grammaotica" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95" title="语法 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="语法" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" title="語法 - cinese classico" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="語法" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="cinese classico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BBn-hoat" title="Bûn-hoat - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bûn-hoat" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="文法 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="文法" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8091#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130658281">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote.nota-disambigua{clear:both;margin-top:0;padding:.05em .5em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon 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title="Grammatica (disambigua)">Grammatica (disambigua)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130658281"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – "Grammatico" rimanda qui. Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Grammatico_(disambigua)" class="mw-disambig" title="Grammatico (disambigua)">Grammatico (disambigua)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>La <b>grammatica</b> è quel complesso di regole necessarie per formare <a href="/wiki/Frase" title="Frase">frasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sintagma" title="Sintagma">sintagmi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Parola" title="Parola">parole</a> di una determinata <a href="/wiki/Lingua_(linguistica)" title="Lingua (linguistica)">lingua</a>. Il termine si riferisce anche allo studio di dette regole. </p><p>Chiunque parli un <a href="/wiki/Idioma" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma">idioma</a> sin dalla primissima <a href="/wiki/Infanzia" title="Infanzia">infanzia</a> ne ha interiorizzato spontaneamente le regole, e non in seguito ad uno studio consapevole. In questa prospettiva, la grammatica è intesa come l'informazione cognitiva acquisita naturalmente e che è alla base della produzione linguistica<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Tradizionalmente, la grammatica viene suddivisa in <a href="/wiki/Fonologia" title="Fonologia">fonologia</a> (quali sono i suoni che compongono le parole), <a href="/wiki/Ortografia" title="Ortografia">ortografia</a> (come si scrivono le parole), <a href="/wiki/Morfologia_(linguistica)" title="Morfologia (linguistica)">morfologia</a> (come si forma il plurale dei nomi, come si coniugano i verbi, come si formano parole nuove...) e <a href="/wiki/Sintassi" title="Sintassi">sintassi</a> (come le parole si combinano in frasi e come le frasi si combinano tra loro)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PalazzoTrinci014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/PalazzoTrinci014.jpg/240px-PalazzoTrinci014.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/PalazzoTrinci014.jpg/360px-PalazzoTrinci014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/PalazzoTrinci014.jpg/480px-PalazzoTrinci014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1952" /></a><figcaption>Allegoria della grammatica nella <i><a href="/wiki/Sala_delle_Arti_liberali_e_dei_Pianeti" title="Sala delle Arti liberali e dei Pianeti">Sala delle Arti liberali e dei Pianeti</a></i>, ad opera di <a href="/wiki/Gentile_da_Fabriano" title="Gentile da Fabriano">Gentile da Fabriano</a> (1412, <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Trinci" title="Palazzo Trinci">Palazzo Trinci</a> a <a href="/wiki/Foligno" title="Foligno">Foligno</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>L'<a href="/wiki/Ortografia" title="Ortografia">ortografia</a>, in particolare, è la parte della grammatica che studia l’insieme delle convenzioni normative che regolano il modo di scrivere una lingua<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, anche se alcuni linguisti non concordano con tale definizione<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>I manuali che si definiscono "grammatiche" trattano la <a href="/wiki/Fonetica" title="Fonetica">fonetica</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Ortografia" title="Ortografia">ortografia</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Analisi_grammaticale" title="Analisi grammaticale">analisi grammaticale</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Analisi_logica" class="mw-redirect" title="Analisi logica">analisi logica</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Analisi_del_periodo" class="mw-redirect" title="Analisi del periodo">analisi del periodo</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Sintassi" title="Sintassi">sintassi</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> di una lingua. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origini">Origini</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Origini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Origini"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'<a href="/wiki/Etimologia" title="Etimologia">etimologia</a> del termine rivela che esso deriva, attraverso il <a href="/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina">latino</a> <i>grammatĭca</i>, a sua volta dal <a href="/wiki/Lingua_greca_antica" title="Lingua greca antica">greco</a> γραμματική (<i>grammatiké</i>), sottinteso τέχνη (<i>téchne</i>), ossia "arte (o tecnica) della <a href="/wiki/Scrittura" title="Scrittura">scrittura</a>". <i>Grammatiké</i> deriva a sua volta da γράφειν (<i>gráphein</i>, "scrivere"), attraverso γράμμα (<i>gramma</i>, "lettera della scrittura")<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La grammatica <a href="/wiki/Lingua_sanscrita" title="Lingua sanscrita">sanscrita</a> risale a <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini">Pāṇini</a>, mentre <a href="/wiki/Grammatica_del_greco_antico" title="Grammatica del greco antico">nel mondo greco la disciplina</a> nacque nel periodo <a href="/wiki/Ellenismo" title="Ellenismo">ellenistico</a> ai fini dell'interpretazione dei testi letterari antichi<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, in particolare nell'ambito delle ricerche linguistiche della scuola <a href="/wiki/Stoicismo" title="Stoicismo">stoica</a>. L'opera grammaticale greca più antica pervenutaci è l'<i>Ars grammatica</i> (<span dir="ltr" lang="grc" class="polytonic"><i>Τέχνη Γραμματική</i></span>), attribuita a <a href="/wiki/Dionisio_Trace" title="Dionisio Trace">Dionisio Trace</a>, alla quale risale la tradizione grammaticale che, attraverso le opere latine e medievali, si è perpetuata fino a tempi recenti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finalità_e_forme_specifiche"><span id="Finalit.C3.A0_e_forme_specifiche"></span>Finalità e forme specifiche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Finalità e forme specifiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Finalità e forme specifiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata plainlinks avviso avviso-contenuto"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Niente fonti!"><img alt="Niente fonti!" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/45px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/68px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/90px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce o sezione  sull'argomento grammatica <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">non cita le fonti necessarie</a> o quelle presenti sono insufficienti</b>. <div class="hide-when-compact"> <div class="noprint"><hr />Puoi <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit">migliorare questa voce</a> aggiungendo citazioni da <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fonti_attendibili" title="Wikipedia:Fonti attendibili">fonti attendibili</a> secondo le <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">linee guida sull'uso delle fonti</a>. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Priscianus_della_Robbia_OPA_Florence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Priscianus_della_Robbia_OPA_Florence.jpg/220px-Priscianus_della_Robbia_OPA_Florence.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Priscianus_della_Robbia_OPA_Florence.jpg/330px-Priscianus_della_Robbia_OPA_Florence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Priscianus_della_Robbia_OPA_Florence.jpg/440px-Priscianus_della_Robbia_OPA_Florence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Prisciano" title="Prisciano">Prisciano</a> e la grammatica</i>, formella del <a href="/wiki/Campanile_di_Giotto" title="Campanile di Giotto">Campanile di Giotto</a>, opera di <a href="/wiki/Luca_della_Robbia" title="Luca della Robbia">Luca della Robbia</a>, 1437-1439, <a href="/wiki/Firenze" title="Firenze">Firenze</a></figcaption></figure> <p>La grammatica, a seconda delle finalità che si assume, può seguire vie diverse e il termine stesso di "grammatica" può avere diverse accezioni. Si distinguono, dunque: </p> <ul><li>Una <a href="/wiki/Grammatica_normativa" title="Grammatica normativa">grammatica normativa</a>, ovvero la grammatica tradizionale, finalizzata all'insegnamento, che espone le forme che si fondano sul modello di lingua che viene proposto dalle persone colte e dalla scuola. Viene intesa come l'insieme di tutte quelle norme che regolano l'uso di una lingua, il cui scopo è quello di fornire elenchi di forme, di dettare regole e correggere errori. In senso popolare, quindi, la grammatica è l'arte di parlare e di scrivere senza errori.</li> <li>Diverse <a href="/wiki/Grammatica_descrittiva" title="Grammatica descrittiva">grammatiche descrittive</a>, che intendono descrivere fenomeni linguistici, non imporre una norma. Tali grammatiche possono: <ul><li>descrivere uno stato della lingua o di un <a href="/wiki/Dialetto" title="Dialetto">dialetto</a> sul piano della <a href="/wiki/Sincronia" title="Sincronia">sincronia</a>, ovvero in un momento storico determinato (ad esempio, la grammatica dell'italiano di oggi, la grammatica del fiorentino del <a href="/wiki/XIV_secolo" title="XIV secolo">Trecento</a>, la grammatica del dialetto genovese), pertanto non dà <a href="/wiki/Giudizi_di_valore" class="mw-redirect" title="Giudizi di valore">giudizi di valore</a>, perché si attiene solamente alla descrizione dei fatti linguistici, inglobando anche le costruzioni della lingua parlata (che la grammatica normativa difficilmente prende in considerazione);</li> <li>studiare l'origine e la storia di una lingua <a href="/wiki/Diacronia" title="Diacronia">diacronicamente</a> (come la <a href="/wiki/Grammatica_storica" title="Grammatica storica">grammatica storica</a>, che è parte della <a href="/wiki/Glottologia" class="mw-redirect" title="Glottologia">linguistica storica</a>);</li> <li>stabilire corrispondenze fra più lingue, creando così rapporti genealogici (ad esempio, la grammatica comparata delle lingue indoeuropee) e altre grammatiche comparate (ramo della <a href="/wiki/Linguistica_comparativa" title="Linguistica comparativa">linguistica comparativa</a>);</li> <li>studiare leggi generali, comuni a tutte le lingue (<a href="/wiki/Grammatica_universale" title="Grammatica universale">grammatica universale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grammatica_generativa" title="Grammatica generativa">grammatica generativa</a>).</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_grammatica_come_competenza_linguistica_dei_parlanti">La grammatica come competenza linguistica dei parlanti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione La grammatica come competenza linguistica dei parlanti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: La grammatica come competenza linguistica dei parlanti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel contesto della teoria generativa del linguaggio, il termine assume il significato di "modello della competenza linguistica di un parlante nativo".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nespor13_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nespor13-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tale modello risulta per lo più inconsapevole per il parlante nativo: egli infatti riconoscerà come "grammaticali" (o "corrette") certe espressioni, in quanto facenti parte della propria lingua madre, e come "non grammaticali" (o "scorrette") quelle che ad esso non appartengono. Pure, non esiste una perfetta corrispondenza tra ciò che è corretto o scorretto per la grammatica normativa e ciò che è tale per i parlanti.<sup id="cite_ref-nespor13_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nespor13-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Così, ad esempio, la maggior parte degli italofoni autorizza in una conversazione una frase di questo tipo: </p> <ul><li><i>Ho incontrato Flavia e Giuseppe. <u>Gli ho detto</u> di lasciare perdere.</i></li></ul> <p>mentre sarebbe corretto dire: </p> <ul><li><i>Ho incontrato Flavia e Giuseppe. <u>Ho detto loro</u> di lasciare perdere.</i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Tanto è accettata la prima forma, che la seconda rischia persino di risultare deprecata. </p><p>In questo contesto, la lingua scritta, essendo di norma più aderente a quanto prescrive la grammatica normativa, risulta di minore interesse.<sup id="cite_ref-nespor13_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nespor13-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dal fatto che un bambino, senza che gli si impartiscano istruzioni specifiche, possa nei primi tre anni di vita acquisire una discreta competenza linguistica e, per converso, una scimmia, pur specificamente allenata tutta la vita allo stesso scopo, non riesca che a conquistare una competenza linguistica assolutamente limitata, sembra sia possibile desumere che esista nel cervello umano una potenzialità specifica. Né, a questi fini, sembra rilevante il possesso di organi vocali sviluppati, se si pensa che i sordomuti sviluppano un linguaggio non meno sofisticato di quello delle persone dotate di udito funzionante.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La grammatica è l'unica delle arti del <a href="/wiki/Trivio" title="Trivio">Trivio</a> ad essere insegnata nelle scuole secondarie del XXI secolo, mentre in generale si è perso lo studio della retorica e della logica.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">* Maria Montessori, <i>Psicogrammatica</i>, a cura di Clara Tornar e Grazia Honegger Fresco, FrancoAngeli editore, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788891741080" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9788891741080</a>; <ul><li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> William O'Grady, Michael Dobrovolsky e Francis Katamba, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=djhsAAAAIAAJ&q=Contemporary+Linguistics"><span style="font-style:italic;">Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction</span></a>, Harlow, Essex, Longman, 1996, pp. 4–7; 464–539, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-582-24691-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-582-24691-1">978-0-582-24691-1</a>.</cite></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Enciclopedia Treccani, voce <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/grammatica_%28Enciclopedia-dei-ragazzi%29/">Grammatica</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Enciclopedia Treccani, voce <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/ortografia_(Enciclopedia-dell'Italiano)/">Ortografia</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFBeccaria_2004">Beccaria 2004</a>, s.v. <i>grammatica</i></cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFGenetti_2014">Genetti 2014</a>,  p. 20</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Vocabolario Treccani, voci <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/grammatica/">Grammatica</a></i> e <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/grammatico/">Grammatico</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFSensini_2009">Sensini 2009</a>, p. 5</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFGrafii_e_Scalise_2002">Grafii e Scalise 2002</a>, p. 39</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nespor13-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-nespor13_9-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-nespor13_9-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-nespor13_9-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFNespor_1993">Nespor 1993</a>, p. 13</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Un esempio simile in <cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFNespor_1993">Nespor 1993</a>, p. 13</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFNespor_1993">Nespor 1993</a>, pp. 13-14</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lanuovabq.it/it/lestinzione-di-retorica-e-logica-perche-reintrodurle"><span style="font-style:italic;">L'estinzione di retorica e logica. Perché reintrodurle</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">lanuovabq.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 1º marzo 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBeccaria_2004" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Beccaria, Gian Luigi (a cura di), <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario di linguistica e di filologia, metrica, retorica</span>, Torino, Piccola Biblioteca Einaudi, 2004.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGenetti_2014" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Genetti, Carol, <span style="font-style:italic;">How Languages Work: An Introduction to Language and Linguistics</span>, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2014.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGraffi_e_Scalise_2002" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Graffi, Giorgio e Sergio Scalise, <span style="font-style:italic;">Le lingue e il linguaggio. Introduzione alla linguistica</span>, Milano, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2002.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNespor_1993" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Nespor, Marina, <span style="font-style:italic;">Le strutture del linguaggio. Fonologia</span>, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1993, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-15-03808-6" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-15-03808-6">88-15-03808-6</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSensini_2009" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Marcello_Sensini" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcello Sensini">Sensini, Marcello</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;">La grammatica della lingua italiana</span>, Milano, Mondadori, 2009, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-04-46647-2" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-04-46647-2">88-04-46647-2</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grammatica_formale" title="Grammatica formale">Grammatica formale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammatica_normativa" title="Grammatica normativa">Grammatica normativa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammatica_funzionale" title="Grammatica funzionale">Grammatica funzionale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammatica_valenziale" title="Grammatica valenziale">Grammatica valenziale</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span 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title="commons:Category:Grammar"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Grammar?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikisource"><img alt="Collabora a Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/27px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="s:">Wikisource</a> contiene una pagina dedicata a <b><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/de:Grammatiken" class="extiw" title="s:de:Grammatiken">grammatica</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni di o su <b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Grammatica" class="extiw" title="q:Grammatica">grammatica</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/grammatica" class="extiw" title="wikt:grammatica">grammatica</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Grammar?uselang=it">grammatica</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/grammatica"><span style="font-style:italic;">grammatica</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/grammar"><span style="font-style:italic;">grammar</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.analisi-grammaticale.biz"><span style="font-style:italic;">Lezioni di Grammatica e Strumenti per l'Analisi Grammaticale</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">analisi-grammaticale.biz</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.analisi-logica.it"><span style="font-style:italic;">Lezioni di Grammatica e Strumenti per l'Analisi Logica</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">analisi-logica.it</span>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output 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