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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-M_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#M_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>M 4</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-M_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SOMUA_SM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SOMUA_SM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>SOMUA SM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SOMUA_SM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-AMX_50_"120_mm"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AMX_50_"120_mm""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>AMX 50 "120 mm"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AMX_50_"120_mm"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hproduct" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="fn org"> Char M 4 / AMX 50 </span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AMX-50.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/AMX-50.jpg/300px-AMX-50.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/AMX-50.jpg/450px-AMX-50.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/AMX-50.jpg/600px-AMX-50.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1717" data-file-height="1104" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The AMX 50 (lowered) cast hull with the <i>Tourelle D</i>, at Saumur</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Medium_Tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Medium Tank">Medium Tank</a>/<a href="/wiki/Heavy_tank" title="Heavy tank">heavy tank</a> (lowered variant)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">France</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">57.8 metric tonnes (lowered version with D turret)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">7.35 m (24 ft 1 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">3.4 m (11 ft 2 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">3.35 m (11 ft 0 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Crew</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_armour" title="Vehicle armour">Armour</a></th><td class="infobox-data">80–120 mm (3.1–4.7 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Main<br />armament</div></th><td class="infobox-data">120mm SA46</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Secondary<br />armament</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2 x 7.5 mm machine guns</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Engine</th><td class="infobox-data">Maybach HL 295 12VC<br />850 HP (1200 HP planned)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Power/weight</th><td class="infobox-data">15 hp/ton</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Suspension</th><td class="infobox-data">Torsion bar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Operational<br />range</div></th><td class="infobox-data">250 km (160 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Maximum speed of vehicle or missile">Maximum speed </span></th><td class="infobox-data">51 km/h (32 mph), 65km/h planned</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>AMX 50</b> (official designation) or <b>AMX-50</b> is a French <a href="/wiki/Heavy_tank" title="Heavy tank">heavy tank</a> designed in the immediate post <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> period. It was proposed as, in succession, the French <a href="/wiki/Medium_tank" title="Medium tank">medium</a>, heavy, and <a href="/wiki/Main_battle_tank" title="Main battle tank">main battle tank</a>, incorporating many advanced features. However, it was cancelled in the late 1950s due to unfavourable economic and political circumstances after serious delays in development. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMX-50&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="M_4">M 4</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMX-50&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: M 4"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> the French Army possessed no modern tanks with a heavy armament. The <a href="/wiki/ARL_44" title="ARL 44">ARL 44</a> was being developed, but this vehicle, although to be armed with a powerful 90 mm gun, could hardly be called modern, as its suspension system was obsolete. Therefore, already in March 1945 the French industry had been invited to design a more satisfactory vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-Crow1978_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crow1978-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year the <i><a href="/wiki/Ateliers_de_construction_d%27Issy-les-Moulineaux" title="Ateliers de construction d'Issy-les-Moulineaux">Ateliers de construction d'Issy-les-Moulineaux</a></i> (AMX) company presented its <i>projet 141</i>, a project to build the so-called <b>M 4</b> prototype, armed with a 90 mm <a href="/wiki/Schneider-Creusot" title="Schneider-Creusot">Schneider</a> gun with a 1000 m/s <a href="/wiki/Muzzle_velocity" title="Muzzle velocity">muzzle velocity</a> and comparable in performance to the German <a href="/wiki/8.8_cm_KwK_43" title="8.8 cm KwK 43">8.8 cm KwK 43</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mercillon_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercillon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The M 4 closely resembled the German <a href="/wiki/Tiger_II" title="Tiger II">Tiger II</a> in general form, though the turret was to be made of welded sections; but to limit the weight to a desired thirty tonnes the proportions were rather smaller and the armour had a maximum thickness of just thirty millimetres. Like the later German tanks of the war it had, in this case eight, overlapping road wheels.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker2004_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of the project was to study whether a modern torsion bar suspension should be used or the height lowered by ten centimetres through a fitting of leaf or coil springs. Two prototypes of the M 4 were ordered. The Army soon indicated that a protection level offered by 30 mm of armour was unacceptably low. In response the armour was increased to 80 mm. To save weight it was decided to install a novel <a href="/wiki/Oscillating_turret" title="Oscillating turret">oscillating turret</a>, designed by the <i><a href="/wiki/Compagnie_des_forges_et_aci%C3%A9ries_de_la_marine_et_d%27Hom%C3%A9court" title="Compagnie des forges et aciéries de la marine et d'Homécourt">Compagnie des forges et aciéries de la marine et d'Homécourt</a></i> (FAMH). Nevertheless, when the first prototype, now named the AMX 50 after its intended weight class, was delivered in 1949,<sup id="cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogorkiewicz2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it weighed 53.7 tonnes. In the winter of 1950 instead of the 90 mm, a 100 mm gun designed by the <i>Arsenal de Tarbes</i> was fitted.<sup id="cite_ref-Crow1978_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crow1978-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second prototype with a slightly different turret also with a 100 mm gun, was ready soon after.<sup id="cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogorkiewicz2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prototypes had a length, with gun, of 10.43 m, a width of 3.40 m and a height of 3.41 m. It was intended to fit a 1,200 hp engine to attain a speed much superior to all existing medium tank types. The Maybach HL 295 (a redesigned German gas engine in 1945 captured at <a href="/wiki/Friedrichshafen" title="Friedrichshafen">Friedrichshafen</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mercillon_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercillon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Engineer-General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Molini%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Molinié (page does not exist)">Joseph Molinié</a>) and a Saurer diesel engine were tested. Both failed to deliver the required output and maximum speed was no higher than 51 km/h, while the cross-country speed was 20 km/h.<sup id="cite_ref-Mercillon_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercillon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prototypes were tested between 1950 and 1952. </p><p>The transmission for the AMX M 4 was developed for the French Army by the German <i><a href="/wiki/Zahnradfabrik_Friedrichshafen" class="mw-redirect" title="Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen">Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen</a></i> (ZF) in 1945. It was a modern five-speed <a href="/wiki/Manual_gearbox" class="mw-redirect" title="Manual gearbox">manual gearbox</a> with a two radii double differential steering (<i>Überlagerungslenkgetriebe</i>) integrated. The service brakes were fitted to both output sides of the transmission. They consisted of <a href="/wiki/Argus_Motoren" title="Argus Motoren">Argus</a> disk brakes of the type developed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Klaue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Klaue (page does not exist)">Hermann Klaue</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Klaue" class="extiw" title="de:Hermann Klaue">de</a>]</span>, similar to those previously used in the German Tiger and Panther tanks.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parallel to the M 4, from 1946 AMX designed the <i><a href="/wiki/AMX_Chasseur_de_Char" title="AMX Chasseur de Char">AMX Chasseur de Char</a></i>, a lightly armoured 34 tonne <a href="/wiki/Tank_destroyer" title="Tank destroyer">tank destroyer</a> based on the M 4 chassis, but fitted with a modern rounded sleek turret for the 90 mm gun. No prototype was built.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SOMUA_SM">SOMUA SM</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMX-50&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: SOMUA SM"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In competition with AMX, the <a href="/wiki/SOMUA" class="mw-redirect" title="SOMUA">SOMUA</a> company also developed a tank to meet the demand for a heavily armed vehicle: the <b>Char SOMUA SM</b>, that however had been conceived as a <i>Char Lourd</i> ("heavy tank") in the sixty tonne weight class from the very beginning, like the M4 paralleling the German Tiger II. The order to build a prototype was given in 1946. The vehicle was delivered in October 1951, weighing 56 tonnes but still lacking an engine.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both companies had ultimately been forced by the French army to work to identical detailed specifications. As a result, the SOMUA SM closely resembled the AMX 50. It too had an oscillating turret, first with a 90 mm, then with a 100 mm gun. The main external difference was that the nine road wheels were not overlapping. It was not tested until 1953, between January and July, as many parts had not been sufficiently developed; the delay ensured that the type was rejected. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AMX_50_"120_mm""><span id="AMX_50_.22120_mm.22"></span>AMX 50 "120 mm"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMX-50&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: AMX 50 "120 mm""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AMX-50,_Tanks_in_the_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Blind%C3%A9s,_France,_pic-4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/AMX-50%2C_Tanks_in_the_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Blind%C3%A9s%2C_France%2C_pic-4.JPG/220px-AMX-50%2C_Tanks_in_the_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Blind%C3%A9s%2C_France%2C_pic-4.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/AMX-50%2C_Tanks_in_the_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Blind%C3%A9s%2C_France%2C_pic-4.JPG/330px-AMX-50%2C_Tanks_in_the_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Blind%C3%A9s%2C_France%2C_pic-4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/AMX-50%2C_Tanks_in_the_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Blind%C3%A9s%2C_France%2C_pic-4.JPG/440px-AMX-50%2C_Tanks_in_the_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Blind%C3%A9s%2C_France%2C_pic-4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>An AMX 50 120 mm in the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Blind%C3%A9s" title="Musée des Blindés">Musée des Blindés</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A third AMX 50 project was begun in August 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogorkiewicz2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ten preseries vehicles were to be built by DEFA (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Direction_des_%C3%89tudes_et_Fabrications_d%27Armement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Direction des Études et Fabrications d'Armement (page does not exist)">Direction des Études et Fabrications d'Armement</a></i>, the state weapon design bureau),<sup id="cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first being delivered in 1953. The type was armed with a 120 mm gun, also with a 1,000 m/s muzzle velocity,<sup id="cite_ref-Mercillon_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercillon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in response to the perceived threat posed by the Soviet heavy tanks, such as the <a href="/wiki/IS-3_(tank)" class="mw-redirect" title="IS-3 (tank)">IS-3</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mercillon_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercillon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/T-10_Heavy_Tank" class="mw-redirect" title="T-10 Heavy Tank">T-10</a>. To accommodate the larger gun, an enormous turret was fitted; originally planned in a conventional form, eventually it was decided to also make it of the oscillating type. Armour was increased to a maximum of 90 mm. These changes caused a weight increase to 59.2 metric tonnes. From 1954 to 1955 this type was made even heavier, creating the <i>surblindé</i> ("Uparmoured") version with a lower turret and a higher hull with a pointed glacis like the IS-3, bringing weight to about 64 tonnes and the line-of-sight thickness of the armour to 200 mm. As this caused serious mechanical reliability concerns despite a reinforced suspension, from 1956 to 1958 weight was reduced to 57.8 metric tonnes by building a cast lower hull, creating the <i>surbaissé</i> ("lowered") <sup id="cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a lighter but again taller turret, the <i>Tourelle D</i> (fourth type turret). As problems with the preferred Maybach engine persisted, despite limiting the desired output to 1,000 hp, from 1955 onwards a special design team, brought over from Germany, cooperated with the AMX factory to solve them. It was called <i>Gruppe M</i>, after professor <a href="/wiki/Karl_Maybach" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Maybach">Karl Maybach</a> who personally headed a mission of seventy German engineers.<sup id="cite_ref-Albrecht1997_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Albrecht1997-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Optimistically it was at that time projected that maximum speed could eventually be increased to 65 km/h (40 mph). In the end only five complete AMX 50 prototypes were constructed, including the final hull. </p><p>Based on the M 4 chassis in 1950 a prototype was finished of a heavy tank destroyer in the form of a 120 mm <a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-propelled gun">self-propelled gun</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Crow1978_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crow1978-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_Automoteur_AMX_50_Foch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canon Automoteur AMX 50 Foch (page does not exist)">Canon Automoteur AMX 50 Foch</a></i>, named after Marshal <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Foch" title="Ferdinand Foch">Ferdinand Foch</a>. It was intended to give long range fire support to the medium AMX 50 "100 mm". After the tank version was planned to be armed with a 120 mm gun, the Foch project was abandoned. </p><p>As it was already obvious in the early 1950s that the AMX 50 might well turn out to be too heavy — the eventual weight of 53.7 tonnes came as a shock — a parallel medium tank project was initiated in 1952: the <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_40t" title="Lorraine 40t">Lorraine 40t</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMX-50&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In total, there were five prototypes produced, that considerably differed in the details of their construction. Weighing about fifty-five tonnes, the general AMX 50 project was the heaviest of a trio of French armoured fighting vehicle designs of the <a href="/wiki/Postwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Postwar">postwar</a> period to feature an <a href="/wiki/Oscillating_turret" title="Oscillating turret">oscillating turret</a>, the others being the <a href="/wiki/AMX-13" title="AMX-13">AMX 13</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Panhard_EBR" title="Panhard EBR">Panhard EBR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogorkiewicz2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oscillating turret design, lacking a conventional <a href="/wiki/Gun_mantlet" title="Gun mantlet">gun-mantlet</a>, is in two separate parts, with an upper and lower part connected by two hinge bolts or pivots, the <a href="/wiki/Gun" title="Gun">gun</a> being fixed within the upper section. The horizontal movement of the gun, traversing, is conventional, but the vertical movement, <a href="/wiki/Elevation_(ballistics)" title="Elevation (ballistics)">elevation</a>, is achieved through the pivoting of the entire upper section with respect to the lower section, which holds the lower sides of the upper section within its trunnions.<sup id="cite_ref-Crow1978_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crow1978-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This method of elevation has two main advantages. Firstly it allows for a smaller turret volume, as no internal space is needed for the vertical movement of the gun breech. Secondly, it allows the use of a relatively simple semi-automatic auto-loader fed by multiround <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(firearms)" title="Magazine (firearms)">magazines</a>, achieving a very high rate of fire for as long as the magazines were loaded, as the gun is also fixed with respect to the auto-loader located in the back of the upper turret, i.c. a protruding bustle.<sup id="cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogorkiewicz2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The automatic loading system worked satisfactorily when the calibre was 100 mm. After the larger 120 mm gun was introduced, reliability suffered, due to the increased weight of the rounds used. The oscillating turret was a very fashionable concept in the 1950s, and also applied in some American projects, such as the <a href="/wiki/T57_(tank)" class="mw-redirect" title="T57 (tank)">T57</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=T58_tank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T58 tank (page does not exist)">T58</a> and <a href="/wiki/T69_(tank)" class="mw-redirect" title="T69 (tank)">T69</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only the French however, would produce operational systems, having pioneered the concept.<sup id="cite_ref-Crow1978_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crow1978-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:T69.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/T69.jpg/220px-T69.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/T69.jpg/330px-T69.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/T69.jpg/440px-T69.jpg 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="362" /></a><figcaption>The American T69 resembled the AMX 50</figcaption></figure> <p>The hull was equipped with a torsion bar suspension designed to ensure a vehicle with good cross-country mobility. The hull and suspension recalled both the German <a href="/wiki/Tiger_I" title="Tiger I">Tiger</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Panther_tank" title="Panther tank">Panther tanks</a> which, having entered French service after the war,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were well known and deliberately imitated.<sup id="cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogorkiewicz2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Especially the engine deck, the sprockets and the tracks are strongly reminiscent of the German design style. The nine overlapping tyred road wheels each side, were however much smaller. The French engineers had not been aware at first that the much admired German overlapping design had been motivated by a shortage of high quality rubber, necessitating large road wheels to lower tyre tension, which then were made overlapping to better distribute the load pressure. As France would have no trouble obtaining rubber of the desired quality, this feature was superfluous. Therefore, the road wheels were made smaller, compared to the first design proposal, both to save weight and lower the profile of the tank, which was quite high due to a deep hull, a problem only changed in the fifth prototype. The track now had to be supported by five top rollers. The overlapping system as such was maintained in all prototypes; with smaller wheels it allowed for nine instead of the originally planned eight wheels, five forming the outer, four the inner row. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maybach_V12_Engine_for_the_AMX_50_post_war_tank_(Prototype)_(43259569871).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Maybach_V12_Engine_for_the_AMX_50_post_war_tank_%28Prototype%29_%2843259569871%29.jpg/220px-Maybach_V12_Engine_for_the_AMX_50_post_war_tank_%28Prototype%29_%2843259569871%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Maybach_V12_Engine_for_the_AMX_50_post_war_tank_%28Prototype%29_%2843259569871%29.jpg/330px-Maybach_V12_Engine_for_the_AMX_50_post_war_tank_%28Prototype%29_%2843259569871%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Maybach_V12_Engine_for_the_AMX_50_post_war_tank_%28Prototype%29_%2843259569871%29.jpg/440px-Maybach_V12_Engine_for_the_AMX_50_post_war_tank_%28Prototype%29_%2843259569871%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4936" data-file-height="3296" /></a><figcaption>Maybach HL 295 V12 Engine for the AMX 50</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Engine" title="Engine">engine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission (mechanics)">transmission</a> system was in the rear of the vehicle with rear <a href="/wiki/Sprocket" title="Sprocket">drive sprockets</a>. The transmission was derived from the ZF of the Panther.<sup id="cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogorkiewicz2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The functions of final drive and steering were combined in a single assembly; for each gear two turning radii could be selected. The engine was the Maybach HL295 12-cylinder of 29.5 litres,<sup id="cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> using fuel injection combined with spark ignition. The project goal was to bring the engine output to 1200 hp, implying a very favourable hp/litre ratio of over forty. This proved to be unrealistically ambitious, given the level of technological development at the time; in reality not even a ratio of thirty was reliably attained.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German mission considered this an embarrassing failure, best forgotten.<sup id="cite_ref-Albrecht1997_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Albrecht1997-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The hull sides were vertical, as in the case of the Tiger, while the front of the hull was in the first three prototypes evenly inclined at approximately 40 degrees from the horizontal, using <a href="/wiki/Sloped_armour" title="Sloped armour">sloped armour</a> similar to that of the Panther and Tiger II. The corners between the glacis and the sides were truncated. The first two prototypes had a frontal protection level equivalent to about 120 mm "line-of-sight" thickness in the horizontal plane.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker2004_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The type was thus not particularly heavily armoured for its time. The armour was intended to provide protection against high-velocity guns in general use at the end of the Second World War.<sup id="cite_ref-Mercillon_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercillon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The weight increase with the third prototype was mainly caused by the larger turret and even in its fourth "uparmoured" form, doubling the frontal armour thickness, the AMX 50 was less well protected than its American and British competitors, themselves inferior in armour to the Soviet heavy tanks they had been created to fight. The fifth prototype used a lower cast hull,<sup id="cite_ref-Mercillon_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercillon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a rounded frontal section for a better weight efficiency. </p><p>Above the massive hull, there was the oscillating <a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">turret</a>, smaller, lighter and more compact than that of the Tiger; the sloped face of the upper part had a thickness of 85 mm. In the turret rear back there was the commander's cupola, well equipped with optical equipment. The turret had an optical rangefinder. The first two prototypes had twin 7.5 mm <a href="/wiki/Reibel_machine_gun" title="Reibel machine gun">Reibel machine guns</a> placed on top of the roof as an AA-weapon, a third was coaxial. In the first design proposal for a 120 mm version, the conventional turret had a high cupola armed with both a machine gun and a 20 mm MG 151 rapid fire cannon. However the third and fourth "120 mm" oscillating turret prototypes had a single 7.5 mm AA machine gun and a second 7.5 mm coaxial machine gun. For the production vehicles it was considered to install a coaxial 20 mm gun;<sup id="cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lighter armoured targets could then be engaged without depleting the limited ammunition stock in the turret magazines. Despite the auto-loader, the crew was four: a second man was seated in the hull, functioning as radio-operator, but mainly needed to replenish the turret magazines, holding nine rounds each, from the hull ammunition stocks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_policy">Design policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMX-50&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Design policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The AMX 50, as originally planned, would have been a medium rather than a heavy tank, France being the first of the tank-producing nations to abandon the heavy tank class.<sup id="cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogorkiewicz2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was supposed to be light, well armed and above all mobile. When the first two prototypes were made, low weight had already been sacrificed in favour of a high protection level, but it was still supposed to be a quite agile vehicle, in the 45 - 50 tonne weight class,<sup id="cite_ref-Mercillon_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercillon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a hp/tonne ratio of over twenty. Expectations were high: as General Molinié recounted to express his irony, it was hoped to create a tank with the protection of the <a href="/wiki/Panther_tank" title="Panther tank">Panther</a>, the firepower of the <a href="/wiki/Tiger_I" title="Tiger I">Tiger</a>, the mobility and abundance of the <a href="/wiki/T-34" title="T-34">T-34</a>, the reliability of the <a href="/wiki/M4_Sherman" title="M4 Sherman">M4 Sherman</a> and all that weighing less than the <a href="/wiki/M26_Pershing" title="M26 Pershing">M26 Pershing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogorkiewicz2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time France hoped to regain its position as a Great Power; rebuilding its armaments industry served this goal. To build a powerful indigenous tank was however not merely a question of national prestige. Europe as a whole was trying to recover from the devastations caused by the war and to assert a modicum of independence towards the two superpowers, the US and the USSR. To this end in 1948 the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brussels" title="Treaty of Brussels">Treaty of Brussels</a> was signed, which among other things was also a common defence agreement. The AMX 50, superior in armament and mobility to the existing American and British designs, was seen as the logical candidate for a common European tank, to equip the future armies of the <a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union" title="Western European Union">Western European Union</a> defence organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prototypes were proudly displayed during the 1950 <a href="/wiki/Bastille_Day" title="Bastille Day">Bastille Day</a> parade.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project was only an independent development in the technological sense: it was hoped that the Americans would fund such a tank, as the financial position of the European states would not allow them to rearm.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>That same year, the situation changed suddenly and fundamentally due to the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. Quickly the USA recommenced medium tank mass production, of the new <a href="/wiki/M47_Patton" title="M47 Patton">M47 Patton</a>. When this tank proved to be unsatisfactory, an even more advanced type was taken into production for the American forces, the <a href="/wiki/M48_Patton" title="M48 Patton">M48 Patton</a>. Thousands of superfluous M47s were leased for free to the European allies, France included.<sup id="cite_ref-Crow1978_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crow1978-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The AMX 50 was suddenly made redundant as a medium tank,<sup id="cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogorkiewicz2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite a "100 mm" prototype being sent in 1952 to the <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_Proving_Grounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Aberdeen Proving Grounds">Aberdeen Proving Grounds</a> for testing, proving successful.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To save the project, a new role was found in the Soviet heavy tank threat.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1950s, NATO tacticians were worried by the strong armour of the Soviet vehicles, that seemed to be immune to the guns of the existing Western types.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response Britain would develop the <a href="/wiki/Conqueror_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Conqueror tank">Conqueror</a> and the USA the <a href="/wiki/M103_heavy_tank" title="M103 heavy tank">M103 heavy tank</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> abandoning the SOMUA SM,<sup id="cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was decided to let the AMX 50 evolve into a comparable type, even though other French heavy tank projects were in progress, such as the <i>Char de 70 tonnes</i>, a sort of "AMX 70". Already having a large chassis, the AMX 50 could in principle easily be adapted to carry the desired 120 mm gun — a derivation by the <i>Atelier du Havre</i> of the American gun, using the same ammunition<sup id="cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogorkiewicz2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — and had the advantage of a very powerful engine. In practice there were many obstacles. Room could in fact only be found by increasing the height of the lower turret half, negating the advantages of the oscillating concept and creating a dangerous <a href="/wiki/Shot_trap" title="Shot trap">shot trap</a>. The "uparmoured" version, with its deeper hull and flatter turret, was specially designed to counter this and make the vehicle immune in long range fire engagements, but further increased weight. In 1955 the AMX 50 was nevertheless very close to being ordered by the French government, that expected to produce the type for the reconstituted German Army also.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A production was planned of a hundred for 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogorkiewicz2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This decision had to be delayed however, due to the fact the engine problems had not been solved: reliability could only be assured if the output was limited to 850 hp, causing a mediocre hp/tonne ratio of about 13:1. </p><p>The delay proved fatal to the project. In the late 1950s, swift advances in <a href="/wiki/Hollow_charge" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollow charge">hollow charge</a> technology made heavy tanks increasingly vulnerable.<sup id="cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogorkiewicz2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mobility thus gained a priority over protection and the very concept of a heavy tank became obsolete.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the project was changed again in intention, now trying to present itself as an agile main battle tank,<sup id="cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the same gun as the Conqueror but much lighter and more powerful. This failed as it was much too large and expensive;<sup id="cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogorkiewicz2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oscillating turrets also became unpopular as they were inherently difficult to protect against nuclear and chemical contamination. The engine problems with the Maybach were never overcome and lowering the hull to save weight, as was done for the final prototype, made it impossible to install a larger engine. Recognizing that the problem of combining excellent mobility with heavy armour was for the time being irresolvable, the AMX 50 project was terminated in 1959; the priority given to mobility demanded a new design concept, leading to the <a href="/wiki/AMX-30" title="AMX-30">AMX 30</a>, the lightest MBT of its time. Only in the early 1980s would France again attempt to combine heavy armour and armament in its tank designs, beginning with the later <a href="/wiki/AMX-32" title="AMX-32">AMX 32</a> prototypes. The AMX 50 would for France not be a complete waste of time and effort however, as much technological knowledge had been gained from which the AMX 30 would profit.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> E.g. the range finder of the AMX 50 was also used by the AMX 30.<sup id="cite_ref-Mercillon_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercillon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Blind%C3%A9s" title="Musée des Blindés">Musée des Blindés</a> at <a href="/wiki/Saumur" title="Saumur">Saumur</a> an AMX 50 is shown,<sup id="cite_ref-Mercillon_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercillon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a combination of the last cast hull and the <i>Tourelle D</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMX-50&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Crow1978-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crow1978_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crow1978_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crow1978_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crow1978_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crow1978_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crow1978_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan Crow (ed.), 1978, <i>Modern Battle Tanks</i>, Profile Publications Limited, pp 102-104</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mercillon-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mercillon_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mercillon_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mercillon_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mercillon_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mercillon_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mercillon_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mercillon_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mercillon_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mercillon_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mercillon_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrick H. Mercillon, "AMX 50", pp 26-27 in: <i>Les Chars Français du Musée des Blindés</i>, Centre de Documentation sur les Engins Blindés, Saumur, 45 pp</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tucker2004-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker2004_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker2004_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Spencer Tucker, 2004, <i>Tanks: An Illustrated History of Their Impact</i>, ABC-CLIO p. 143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ogorkiewicz2015-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ogorkiewicz2015_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Ogorkiewicz, <i>Tanks: 100 years of evolution</i> Bloomsbury Publishing 357 pp.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="1" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wirtgen, Rolf; Köhler, Frank (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/995669287"><i>Schalt- und Lenkgetriebe der Kampfpanzer in Deutschland : ein Überblick von gestern bis heute</i></a> (in German). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schalt-+und+Lenkgetriebe+der+Kampfpanzer+in+Deutschland+%3A+ein+%C3%9Cberblick+von+gestern+bis+heute&rft.place=Koblenz&rft.pages=9%2C+33%2C+34&rft.pub=Bundesamt+f%C3%BCr+Wehrtechnik+und+Beschaffung&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Wirtgen&rft.aufirst=Rolf&rft.au=K%C3%B6hler%2C+Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fd-nb.info%2F995669287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAMX-50" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="1" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zf.com/mobile/de/company/heritage_zf/heritage.html#event-kriegsende-und-besatzung">"Die ZF-Geschichte"</a>. <i>Kriegsende und Besatzung</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kriegsende+und+Besatzung&rft.atitle=Die+ZF-Geschichte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zf.com%2Fmobile%2Fde%2Fcompany%2Fheritage_zf%2Fheritage.html%23event-kriegsende-und-besatzung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAMX-50" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMISNER" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">MISNER, Antoine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chars-francais.net/2015/index.php/engins-blindes/chars?task=view&id=729">"1946 AMX CHASSEUR DE CHAR"</a>. <i>Chars Français</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chars+Fran%C3%A7ais&rft.atitle=1946+AMX+CHASSEUR+DE+CHAR&rft.aulast=MISNER&rft.aufirst=Antoine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chars-francais.net%2F2015%2Findex.php%2Fengins-blindes%2Fchars%3Ftask%3Dview%26id%3D729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAMX-50" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jeudy1997-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeudy1997_8-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeudy (1997) p. 215</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Albrecht1997-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Albrecht1997_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Albrecht1997_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ulricht Albrecht, 1997, "Rüstungsfragen in Deutsch-Französischen Verhältnis (1945–1960)", p. 97-133 in: Winfried Engler (ed.) <i>Frankreich an der Freien Universität: Geschichte und Aktualität</i>, Franz Steiner Verlag</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeudy (1997), p. 207</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMX-50&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jeudy, Jean-Gabriel. (1997). <i>Chars de France</i>, ETAI. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7268-8369-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7268-8369-3">978-2-7268-8369-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMX-50&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Cold_War_tanks" title="Template:Cold War tanks"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cold_War_tanks" title="Template talk:Cold War tanks"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cold_War_tanks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cold War tanks"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tanks_of_the_Cold_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">Tanks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Main_battle_tank" title="Main battle tank">Main battle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMX-30" title="AMX-30">AMX-30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMX-30E" title="AMX-30E">AMX-30E</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centurion_(tank)" title="Centurion (tank)">Centurion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sho%27t" title="Sho't">Sho't</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenger_1" title="Challenger 1">Challenger 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chieftain_(tank)" title="Chieftain (tank)">Chieftain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonma-ho" title="Chonma-ho">Chonma-ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CM-11_Brave_Tiger" title="CM-11 Brave Tiger">CM-11 Brave Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K1_88-Tank" class="mw-redirect" title="K1 88-Tank">K1 88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_1" title="Leopard 1">Leopard 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_2" title="Leopard 2">Leopard 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1_Abrams" title="M1 Abrams">M1 Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M48_Patton" title="M48 Patton">M48 Patton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CM-12_tank" title="CM-12 tank">CM-12</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M60_tank" title="M60 tank">M60 tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magach" title="Magach">Magach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkava" title="Merkava">Merkava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OF-40" title="OF-40">OF-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_68" title="Panzer 68">Panzer 68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stridsvagn_103" title="Stridsvagn 103">Stridsvagn 103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-54/T-55" title="T-54/T-55">T-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-62" title="T-62">T-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-64" title="T-64">T-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-72" title="T-72">T-72</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M-84" title="M-84">M-84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_of_Babylon_(tank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lion of Babylon (tank)">Lion of Babylon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-80" title="T-80">T-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-85" title="TR-85">TR-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_59_tank" title="Type 59 tank">Type 59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_61_(tank)" title="Type 61 (tank)">Type 61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_69_tank" title="Type 69 tank">Type 69/79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_74" title="Type 74">Type 74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_80/88_main_battle_tank" title="Type 80/88 main battle tank">Type 80/85/88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_90_tank" title="Type 90 tank">Type 90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_MBT" title="Vickers MBT">Vickers MBT Mk 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanta" title="Vijayanta">Vijayanta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_MBT_Mark_3" title="Vickers MBT Mark 3">Vickers MBT Mk 3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Light_tank" title="Light tank">Light</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMX-13" title="AMX-13">AMX-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Survivability_Test_Vehicle_(Lightweight)" title="High Survivability Test Vehicle (Lightweight)">HSTV(L)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M41_Walker_Bulldog" title="M41 Walker Bulldog">M41 Walker Bulldog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M551_Sheridan" title="M551 Sheridan">M551 Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PT-76" title="PT-76">PT-76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_1981_%22Shin%27heung%22" title="Model 1981 "Shin'heung"">PT-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SK-105_K%C3%BCrassier" title="SK-105 Kürassier">SK-105 Kürassier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stingray_light_tank" title="Stingray light tank">Stingray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_62" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 62">Type 62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_63_(tank)" title="Type 63 (tank)">Type 63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_64_(tank)" title="Type 64 (tank)">Type 64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M3_Stuart#Brazilian_variants" title="M3 Stuart">X1A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Medium_tank" title="Medium tank">Medium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charioteer_(tank)" title="Charioteer (tank)">Charioteer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M46_Patton" title="M46 Patton">M46 Patton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M47_Patton" title="M47 Patton">M47 Patton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_58" title="Panzer 58">Panzer 58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_61" title="Panzer 61">Panzer 61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stridsvagn_74" title="Stridsvagn 74">Stridsvagn 74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Sherman" title="Super Sherman">Super Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanque_Argentino_Mediano" title="Tanque Argentino Mediano">TAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-54/T-55" title="T-54/T-55">T-54</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_tank" title="Heavy tank">Heavy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARL_44" title="ARL 44">ARL 44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conqueror_(tank)" title="Conqueror (tank)">Conqueror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-4" title="IS-4">IS-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M103_(heavy_tank)" class="mw-redirect" title="M103 (heavy tank)">M103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-10_tank" title="T-10 tank">T-10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">Prototypes</a>,<br />experimentals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMX-32" title="AMX-32">AMX-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMX-40" title="AMX-40">AMX-40</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AMX-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batignolles-Chatillon_Char_25T" title="Batignolles-Chatillon Char 25T">Char 25T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EE-T1_Os%C3%B3rio" title="EE-T1 Osório">EE-T1 Osório</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_(tank)" title="Emil (tank)">Emil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_Tank" title="Expeditionary Tank">Expeditionary Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSTV(L)" class="mw-redirect" title="HSTV(L)">HSTV(L)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-7" title="IS-7">IS-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_40t" title="Lorraine 40t">Lorraine 40t</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M8_armored_gun_system" title="M8 armored gun system">M8 armored gun system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardini_MB-3_Tamoyo" title="Bernardini MB-3 Tamoyo">MB-3 Tamoyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBT-70" title="MBT-70">MBT-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBT-80" title="MBT-80">MBT-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obiekt_187" title="Obiekt 187">Object 187</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obiekt_279" title="Obiekt 279">Object 279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obiekt_292" title="Obiekt 292">Object 292</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obiekt_490A" title="Obiekt 490A">Object 490A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obiekt_770" title="Obiekt 770">Object 770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obiekt_785" title="Obiekt 785">Object 785</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A4hpanzer_Ru_251" title="Spähpanzer Ru 251">Spähpanzer Ru 251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A4hpanzer_SP_I.C." title="Spähpanzer SP I.C.">Spähpanzer SP I.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T92_light_tank" title="T92 light tank">T92 light tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T95_medium_tank" title="T95 medium tank">T95 medium tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-125" title="TR-125">TR-125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_MBT_Mark_4" title="Vickers MBT Mark 4">Vickers MBT Mk 4 Valiant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_MBT#Vickers_Main_Battle_Tank_Mark_7" title="Vickers MBT">Vickers MBT Mk 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZ-111_heavy_tank" title="WZ-111 heavy tank">WZ-111 heavy tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZ-132_light_tank" title="WZ-132 light tank">WZ-132 light tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZ-122_main_battle_tank" title="WZ-122 main battle tank">WZ-122</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tanks_of_the_Cold_War" title="Category:Tanks of the Cold War">Cold War tanks</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_armoured_fighting_vehicles" title="List of modern armoured fighting vehicles">List of modern armoured fighting vehicles</a></li></ul> <p>Background: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_tank" title="History of the tank">History of the tank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tank_classification" title="Tank classification">Tank classification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanks_in_the_Cold_War" title="Tanks in the Cold War">Tanks in the Cold War</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="French_armoured_fighting_vehicles_of_the_Cold_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ColdWarFrenchAFVs" title="Template:ColdWarFrenchAFVs"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ColdWarFrenchAFVs" title="Template talk:ColdWarFrenchAFVs"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ColdWarFrenchAFVs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ColdWarFrenchAFVs"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="French_armoured_fighting_vehicles_of_the_Cold_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">French armoured fighting vehicles of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Light tanks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M24_Chaffee" title="M24 Chaffee">M24 Chaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMX-13" title="AMX-13">AMX-13</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Medium tanks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M4_Sherman#Foreign_variants_and_use" title="M4 Sherman">M4 Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panther_tank#Postwar_and_foreign_use" title="Panther tank">Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M26_Pershing#Operators" title="M26 Pershing">M26 Pershing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M46_Patton#Operators" title="M46 Patton">M46 Patton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Heavy tanks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARL_44" title="ARL 44">ARL 44</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">MBTs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M47_Patton#Operators" title="M47 Patton">M47 Patton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMX-30" title="AMX-30">AMX-30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Armored_car_(military)" title="Armored car (military)">Armoured cars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panhard_EBR" title="Panhard EBR">Panhard EBR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhard_AML" title="Panhard AML">Panhard AML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Armoured_personnel_carrier" title="Armoured personnel carrier">Armoured personnel carriers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9hicule_de_l%27Avant_Blind%C3%A9" title="Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé">Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhard_M3" title="Panhard M3">Panhard M3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhard_VCR" title="Panhard VCR">Panhard VCR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Infantry_fighting_vehicle" title="Infantry fighting vehicle">Infantry fighting vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMX-VCI" title="AMX-VCI">AMX-VCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMX-10P" title="AMX-10P">AMX-10P</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mk_61_105_mm_self-propelled_howitzer" title="Mk 61 105 mm self-propelled howitzer">Mk 61 105 mm self-propelled howitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mk_F3_155mm" class="mw-redirect" title="Mk F3 155mm">Mk F3 155mm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMX-13#Self_propelled_howitzer" title="AMX-13">Creusot Loire Mk 61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMX-30_AuF1" title="AMX-30 AuF1">AMX-30 AuF1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Experimental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMX-40" title="AMX-40">AMX-40</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AMX-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMX_Chasseur_de_Char" title="AMX Chasseur de Char">AMX Chasseur de Char</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batignolles-Chatillon_Char_25T" title="Batignolles-Chatillon Char 25T">Batignolles-Chatillon Char 25T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batignolles_Chatillon_155mm" class="mw-redirect" title="Batignolles Chatillon 155mm">Batignolles Chatillon 155mm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_Automoteur_AMX_50_Foch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canon Automoteur AMX 50 Foch (page does not exist)">Canon Automoteur AMX 50 Foch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_D%E2%80%99Assaut_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon D’Assaut Lorraine">Canon D’Assaut Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELC_project" title="ELC project">ELC project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCM_50t" title="FCM 50t">FCM 50t</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_40t" title="Lorraine 40t">Lorraine 40t</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_155_mm" title="Lorraine 155 mm">Lorraine 155 mm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somua_S35_CA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Somua S35 CA (page does not exist)">Somua S35 CA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanks in France">Tanks in France</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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