CINXE.COM
Investopedia - Sharper Insight. Smarter Investing. | Investopedia
<!doctype html> <html> <head profile="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab"><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.investopedia.com/","20160726213120","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1469568680"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" /> <!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta property="fb:pages" content="105109162854142, 925483520864421"/> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="371867692868423"/> <!-- Meta tags 1.1 --> <meta name="description" content="Investopedia is the world's leading source of financial content on the web, ranging from market news to retirement strategies, investing education to insights from advisors."/> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Investopedia - Sharper Insight. Smarter Investing. | Investopedia"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Investopedia is the world's leading source of financial content on the web, ranging from market news to retirement strategies, investing education to insights from advisors."/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Investopedia"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/facebook/investopedia-facebook-image.gif"/> <meta property="fb:admins" content="100003532063336"/> <!-- End Meta tags 1.1 --> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://i.investopedia.com/public"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://i.investopedia.com/public"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://v1.investopedia.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://v1.investopedia.com/"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://ajax.googleapis.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://ajax.googleapis.com/"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/public/img/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/public/img/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"/> <title>Investopedia - Sharper Insight. Smarter Investing. | Investopedia</title> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120cs_/http://i.investopedia.com/public/fa/css/styles.min.css?v=5.398" media="all"/> <!-- Page Taxonomy --> <script type="text/javascript" data-id="script_taxonomy"> //<![CDATA[ var _pageTaxonomy = {"Hashkey":null,"Path":"/","Channel":"Investing","SubChannel":"Investing Strategy","Advertising":"Investing","SubAdvertising":"Investing","DfpTarget":"Investing/Investing","Tags":[],"Taggroup":[],"Type":"Landing","Lucrativeness":null,"Timelessness":"Timeless","Feature":null,"Design":null,"InterestLevel":null,"Index":"True","NoIndexParams":"False","Follow":"True","Master":"False","ServerName":"tax000"}; //]]> </script> <!-- End Page Taxonomy --> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> var idc_slots = {}; idc_slots.slots = ["AdSlot_AF-Top-Button","AdSlot_AF-Right-Rectangle"]; var hash = window.location.hash; if (typeof hash.startsWith === "function") { if (hash.startsWith("#ec") || hash.startsWith("#ra")) { idc_slots.includes = []; } } idc_slots.build = function(slot) { return "/8397/INV-NA/Investing/Investing/position/Homepage".replace("position", slot.position); }; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var idc_device = {"desktop":true,"tablet":false,"phone":false}; </script> <script data-id="script_dfp" type="text/javascript"> simpUrl = "&t="; targetingList = { 'infiniteScroll': 'false', //output audience segments Bugzilla# 351853 } simpUrl = "&t=" + encodeURIComponent(simpUrl); idc_targeting = targetingList || {}; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.adblock = false; function hasAdBlocker() { window.adblock = true; } function isAdBlocked () { return window.adblock; } </script> <script async src="//web.archive.org/web/20160726213120js_/http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js" onerror="hasAdBlocker();"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function getEnv() { var host = window.location.hostname; if (host.indexOf("www.investopedia.com") > -1) { return "Live"; } if (host.indexOf("admin.investopedia.com") > -1) { return "Admin"; } if (host.indexOf("external.investopedia.com") > -1) { return "Admin"; } if (host.indexOf("www.staging.investopedia.com") > -1) { return "Staging"; } return ""; } function getUrlParam(name) { name = name.replace(/[\[]/,"\\\[").replace(/[\]]/,"\\\]"); var regexS = "[\\?&]"+name+"=([^&#]*)"; var regex = new RegExp( regexS ); var results = regex.exec( window.location.href ); if( results == null ) return null; else return results[1]; } function setCookie(name,value,days) { if (days) { var date = new Date(); date.setTime(date.getTime()+(days*24*60*60*1000)); var expires = "; expires="+date.toGMTString(); } else var expires = ""; document.cookie = name+"="+value+expires+"; path=/"; } function getCookie(name) { var nameEQ = name + "="; var ca = document.cookie.split(';'); for(var i=0;i < ca.length;i++) { var c = ca[i]; while (c.charAt(0)==' ') c = c.substring(1,c.length); if (c.indexOf(nameEQ) == 0) return c.substring(nameEQ.length,c.length); } return null; } function GCookie() { this.reqTimeout = 166*2; if (typeof GCookie.instance === "object") { return GCookie.instance; } GCookie.instance = this; GCookie.countryMap = {}; } GCookie.prototype.getCookieData = function(geoType) { var self = this; var cName = "InvI"; var map = {"country" : {"geo_lib_ref" : "country_code", "default_val" : "US"}, "state_province" : {"geo_lib_ref" : "FIN_state", "default_val" : "NY"}}; if (geoType === undefined || !map.hasOwnProperty(geoType)) { geoType = "country"; } var isCookieSetDecorator = function (f) { return function () { if (!getCookie(cName)) { _setCookie(); } return f.apply(this, arguments); }; }; var getJsonDateFromGCookie = function(type) { return function() { var cD = decodeURIComponent(getCookie(cName)); try { cD = JSON.parse(cD); } catch (e) { cD = {}; } return gHelper(cD, type); }; }; var gHelper = function (cD, _type) { var type = _type.geo_lib_ref; if (cD && cD.hasOwnProperty(type) && cD[type] != null && cD[type] != "" && cD[type].toLowerCase() != "unknown") { return cD[type]; } else { return _type.default_val; } }; var _setCookie = function () { var oReq = new XMLHttpRequest(); var cDuration = 1; oReq.ontimeout = function() { setCookie(cName, encodeURIComponent('{' + map.country.geo_lib_ref + ': ' + map.country.default_val + ',' + map.state_province.geo_lib_ref + ': ' + map.state_province.default_val + '}'), cDuration/24); }; oReq.onreadystatechange = function () { if (oReq.readyState == 4 && oReq.status == 200) { var contentType = oReq.getResponseHeader("Content-Type"); if (typeof(contentType) === "string" && contentType.toLowerCase() === "application/json") { setCookie(cName, encodeURIComponent(oReq.responseText), cDuration); } } }; oReq.open("GET", "/vcb_lib/geoip.php", true); oReq.timeout = self.reqTimeout; oReq.send(); }; var _getCookie = isCookieSetDecorator(getJsonDateFromGCookie); return _getCookie(map[geoType])(); }; GCookie.prototype.geoCountry = function() { return this.getCookieData("country"); }; GCookie.prototype.geoStateProvince = function() { return this.getCookieData("state_province"); }; GCookie.prototype.geoIsUS = function() { var gC = this.geoCountry(); if (gC != null && gC.toLowerCase() === "us") { return 1; } else { return null; } }; GCookie.prototype.geoIsInCountryMap = function () { return this.countryMap[this.geoCountry()] || null; }; invGCookie = new GCookie(); invGCookie.getCookieData(); </script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> var noDfp = false; var ecLayout = false; /* remove ads for email capture layout, here the bc-textnote won't be removed */ if (window.location.hash.substring(0, 3) === "#ec") { noDfp = true; ecLayout = true; /* set welcome_ad is viewed */ var invWelcomeAd_CookieExpiry = 3600000 * 24; var invCookieExpires = new Date(); var host = window.location.host.toLowerCase().replace('www.',''); invCookieExpires.setTime(invCookieExpires.getTime() + invWelcomeAd_CookieExpiry); setCookie('AdViewed', '1', { expires: invCookieExpires, path: '/', domain: host }); } if (window.location.hash === "#ra") { noDfp = true; ecLayout = false; } </script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120js_/http://i.investopedia.com/dest/js/inv.min.js?v=5.398"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> var timeToSlotRenderEnded = Date.now(), slotRenderCount = 0; googletag.cmd.push( function() { googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { try { if (event.slot.getSlotElementId().indexOf("BC-Textnote") > -1) return; // WARNING: This will be updated in the future but is used track render times for the idc library. slotRenderCount++; if (typeof idc_slots !== "undefined") { if (slotRenderCount == Object.keys(idc_slots.slots).length) { dataLayer.push({ 'event': 'event-all-slots-render-ended', 'eventLabel' : "true|"+slotRenderCount, 'eventValue': Date.now() - timeToSlotRenderEnded }); } } } catch (e) {} }); }); </script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> var sem_pageview = false; var sem_ocode = '9999'; var sem_ldid = ''; var sem_sh = ''; function updateSemVariable(query) { if (query[1] === undefined) { return; } switch(query[0]) { case 'o': sem_ocode = query[1]; break; case 'ldid': sem_ldid = query[1]; break; case 'sh': sem_sh = query[1]; break; } } function getCookie(cname) { var name = cname + "="; var ca = document.cookie.split(';'); for (var i = 0; i < ca.length; i++) { var c = ca[i]; while (c.charAt(0) == ' ') c = c.substring(1); if (c.indexOf(name) == 0) return c.substring(name.length,c.length); } return ""; } function getSemCookie() { var queryStr = getCookie('semuser'); if (queryStr == "") { return; } sem_pageview = true; var queries = queryStr.split("&"); for (var i = 0, l = queries.length; i < l; i++) { var query = queries[i].split('='); updateSemVariable(query); } } getSemCookie(); var updateAup = function(aUp) { aUp = aUp.replace("INV-NA", "invsem-serp-ds"); var utms = null; if (typeof getUrlParam === "function") { try { utms = getUrlParam("utm_source"); } catch (e) {} } var aUp_arr = aUp.split("/"); var last = aUp_arr.pop(); aUp_arr.push((utms !== null ? utms : "dir") + "_" + (typeof sem_ocode !== "undefined" ? sem_ocode : 0)); if (aUp_arr.length > 3) { aUp_arr[3] = last; } return aUp_arr.join("/"); }; if (typeof googletag !== "undefined") { googletag.cmd.push( function() { if ((typeof sem_pageview !== 'undefined') && (sem_pageview == true)) { var processArgs = function(arguments) { if (typeof arguments === "object") { for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) { if (arguments[i].indexOf("8397") > -1) { arguments[i] = updateAup(arguments[i]); break; } } } return arguments; }; googletag.defineSlot = (function() { var orig_func = googletag.defineSlot; return function() { return orig_func.apply(this, processArgs(arguments)); }; })(); googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot = (function() { var orig_func = googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot; return function() { return orig_func.apply(this, processArgs(arguments)); }; })(); } }); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var dataLayer = []; if (typeof _pageTaxonomy !== "undefined") { dataLayer.push(_pageTaxonomy); } </script><script type="text/javascript"> var pageviewIDEntity = ""; function S4() { return (((1+Math.random())*0x10000)|0).toString(16).substring(1); } var pageviewID = new Date().getTime() + "-" + S4() + S4() + pageviewIDEntity; dataLayer.push({'pageviewID' : pageviewID}); </script><script type="text/javascript"> var attachScriptAsync = function(scriptInfo) { var tag = document.createElement("script"), p, node = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; tag.async = true; for (p in scriptInfo) { if (scriptInfo.hasOwnProperty(p) && p != "src") { tag[p] = scriptInfo[p]; } } tag.src = scriptInfo.src; node.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, node); } </script><script type="text/javascript"> var invadv = {}; invadv.tags_parent = 0; invadv.question_tags = 0; invadv.expertise_tags = 0; invadv.total_answers = 0; invadv.is_advisor_logged_in = 0; invadv.percent_helpful = 0; invadv.job_title = 0; invadv.fee_structures = 0; invadv.aum = 0; invadv.is_internal_staff = 0; dataLayer.push({'invadv' : invadv}); </script> <!-- Nativo --> <script type="text/javascript"> if(invGCookie.geoCountry() != "IN") { var nativoScript = document.createElement('script'); nativoScript.type = 'text/javascript'; nativoScript.src = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://a.postrelease.com/serve/load.js?async=true'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(nativoScript, s); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* observer */!function(){window.adonis=window.adonis||{},window.adonis.scriptStatuses={};var t=function(){var t,n="NEW_SCRIPT_EVENT";window.CustomEvent?t=new CustomEvent(n,{detail:{}}):(t=document.createEvent("CustomEvent"),t.initCustomEvent(n,!0,!0,{})),window.dispatchEvent(t)};document.addEventListener("load",function(n){n.target&&"SCRIPT"===n.target.nodeName&&(window.adonis.scriptStatuses[n.target.src]="load",t())},!0),document.addEventListener("error",function(n){n.target&&"SCRIPT"===n.target.nodeName&&(window.adonis.scriptStatuses[n.target.src]="error",t())},!0)}(); </script> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <noscript><iframe src="//web.archive.org/web/20160726213120if_/http://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5V3WHJ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script data-id="script_gtm_load">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5V3WHJ');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <script type="text/javascript"> var _sf_async_config = _sf_async_config || {}; _sf_async_config.uid = 56959; _sf_async_config.domain = "www.investopedia.com"; _sf_async_config.useCanonical = true; _sf_async_config.flickerControl=false; var _sf_startpt = (new Date()).getTime(); </script> <script async src="//web.archive.org/web/20160726213120js_/http://static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat_mab.js"></script> <!-- comScore video tagging 1.1 --> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120js_/http://i.investopedia.com/public/js/streamsense.min.js?v=5.398"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var myStreamingTag = new ns_.StreamingTag( { customerC2: '18280457' } ); var metadata = { ns_st_ci: "0", // Content Asset ID c3: "www.investopedia.com", // Dictionary Classification Value c4: "*null", // Unused Dictionary Classification Value c6: "*null" // Unused Dictionary Classification Value }; </script> <!-- comScore end video tagging 1.1 --> <!-- comScore 1.1 --> <script type="text/javascript" data-id="script_comscore"> var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "6034722", c4: "" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })(); </script> <noscript> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://b.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=6034722&c4=&cv=2.0&cj=1"/> </noscript> <!-- End comScore 1.1 --> <!-- Crazyegg 1.1 --> <script type="text/javascript"> setTimeout(function(){ var a = document.createElement("script"); var b = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; a.src = document.location.protocol + "//web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://dnn506yrbagrg.cloudfront.net/pages/scripts/0013/3886.js?" + Math.floor(new Date().getTime()/3600000); a.async = true; a.type = "text/javascript"; b.parentNode.insertBefore(a,b) }, 1); </script> <!-- End Crazyegg 1.1 --> <script data-id="script_optimizely" src="//web.archive.org/web/20160726213120js_/http://cdn.optimizely.com/js/3135740712.js"></script> <!-- welcome begin --> <script language="javascript"> function tryWelcomeAd() { var domain = invCookieDomain(); function invCookieDomain(){ var host = window.location.host.toLowerCase(); return host.replace('www.',''); } function hasWelcomeAdCookie() { var name = 'AdViewed'; c = document.cookie.split('; '); cookies = {}; for(i=c.length-1; i>=0; i--){ C = c[i].split('='); cookies[C[0]] = C[1]; } if (cookies[name] == '1') { return true; } else { return false; } } function getUrlParam(name) { name = name.replace(/[\[]/,"\\\[").replace(/[\]]/,"\\\]"); var regexS = "[\\?&]"+name+"=([^&#]*)"; var regex = new RegExp( regexS ); var results = regex.exec( window.location.href ); if( results == null ) return null; else return results[1]; } function isDebugMode() { if ((getUrlParam("wa") != null) && (getUrlParam("wa") == "1")) { return true; } return false; } function isUsTraffic() { return invGCookie.geoIsUS(); } function isWelcomeAdEnabled() { if ( $('#toolbar').length ) { return false; } if( typeof isAdBlocked === "function" && isAdBlocked() ) { return false; } if (isVideoOnPage && isVideoAutoPlay) { return false; } if (isDebugMode()) { return true; } if (hasWelcomeAdCookie('AdViewed') || !isPathAllowed() || !isTaxonomyAllowed() || isRobot() || isOptActive()) { return false; } if( isUsTraffic() && false) { return true; } if( document.referrer == null || document.referrer == "" || getUrlParam('utm_medium') == 'email' ) { var invWelcomeAd_CookieExpiry = 3600000 * 24; var invCookieExpires = new Date(); invCookieExpires.setTime(invCookieExpires.getTime() + invWelcomeAd_CookieExpiry); invGCookie.countryMap = { "FR" : true, "DE" : true, "IE" : true, "IT" : true, "NL" : true, "NO" : true, "ZA" : true, "ES" : true, "SE" : true, "CH" : true, "GB" : true }; if ( invGCookie.geoIsInCountryMap() == null ) { setCookie('AdViewed', '1', { expires: invCookieExpires, path: '/', domain: invCookieDomain() }); return false; } } if (!isUsTraffic()) { if (isInvFirstPageVisit() && _pageTaxonomy["Channel"].toLowerCase() == "dictionary") { return false; } return true; } if (isInvFirstPageVisit()) { if (isDesktop() || getDfpReferrerSearch().toLowerCase() === "false") { return false; } } return true; } function isDesktop() { return true; } function isRobot() { var clients = {}; var user_agent = navigator.userAgent; clients.user_agent = user_agent.toLowerCase(); clients.googlebot = user_agent.indexOf("googlebot") > -1; clients.googlebot_news = user_agent.indexOf("googlebot-news") > -1; clients.googlebot_image = user_agent.indexOf("googlebot-image") > -1; clients.googlebot_video = user_agent.indexOf("googlebot-video") > -1; clients.googlebot_mobile = user_agent.indexOf("googlebot-mobile") > -1; clients.mediapartners_google = user_agent.indexOf("mediapartners-google") > -1; clients.adsbot_google = user_agent.indexOf("adsbot-google") > -1; clients.msnbot = user_agent.indexOf("msnbot") > -1; clients.slurp = user_agent.indexOf("slurp") > -1; clients.ask_jeeves = user_agent.indexOf("ask jeeves") > -1; clients.bingbot = user_agent.indexOf("bingbot") > -1; for (var i in clients) { if (clients[i] == true) { return true; } } return false; } function isPathAllowed() { var paths = []; paths.push('/user/'); paths.push('/not-found/'); if (_pageTaxonomy) { for (var i=0; i<paths.length; i++) { if (_pageTaxonomy.Path.indexOf(paths[i]) > -1 ) { return false; } } } return true; } function isTaxonomyAllowed() { if (_pageTaxonomy["Channel"].toLowerCase() == "accounts") return false; if (_pageTaxonomy["Advertising"].toLowerCase() == "unknown") return false; if (_pageTaxonomy["Type"].toLowerCase() == "corp") return false; return true; } function isOptActive() { if (typeof optimizely.activeExperiments !== "undefined") { if("activeExperiments" in optimizely) { return optimizely.activeExperiments.length; } } return false; } function isInvFirstPageVisit() { if ((document.referrer == null) || (document.referrer.length == 0)) return true; if (document.referrer.toLowerCase().indexOf(domain.toLowerCase()) >= 0) { return false; } return true; } function makeWelcomeAd() { var welcomeAdId = "AdSlot_" + "PG-Interstitial"; var welcomeAdDiv = document.createElement("div"); welcomeAdDiv.id = welcomeAdId; googletag.cmd.push(function() { var dartCC = []; var lpid = (typeof(ccauds.Profile.pid) != 'undefined') ? ccauds.Profile.pid : "", ltpid = (typeof(ccauds.Profile.tpid) != 'undefined') ? ccauds.Profile.tpid : ""; if (typeof(ccauds) != 'undefined') { for (var cci = 0; cci < ccauds.Profile.Audiences.Audience.length; cci++) { dartCC.push(ccauds.Profile.Audiences.Audience[cci].id); } } googletag.pubads().setTargeting("lpid",lpid); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("ltpid",ltpid); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("lseg",dartCC); var slot = googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('', 'AdSlot_PG-Interstitial') .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('Location', 'PG-Interstitial'); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('Type', ""); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('Environment', "Live"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('URL', ""); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('Tags', ""); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('Tickers', ""); welcomeAdDiv.style.display = "none"; $("document").ready( function() { document.body.insertBefore(welcomeAdDiv, document.body.firstChild); gptApp.displaySlots(); welcomeAdDiv.style.opacity = 1.0; }); }); var invWelcomeAd_CookieExpiry = 3600000 * 24; var invCookieExpires = new Date(); function invCookieDomain() { var host = window.location.host.toLowerCase(); return host.replace('www.',''); } function setCookie(key, value, options) { if (arguments.length > 1 && String(value) !== "[object Object]") { if (value === null || value === undefined) { options.expires = -1; } if (typeof options.expires === 'number') { var days = options.expires, t = options.expires = new Date(); t.setDate(t.getDate() + days); } value = String(value); return (document.cookie = [ encodeURIComponent(key), '=', options.raw ? value : encodeURIComponent(value), options.expires ? '; expires=' + options.expires.toUTCString() : '', options.path ? '; path=' + options.path : '', options.domain ? '; domain=' + options.domain : '', options.secure ? '; secure' : '' ].join('')); } options = value || {}; var result, decode = options.raw ? function (s) { return s; } : decodeURIComponent; return (result = new RegExp('(?:^|; )' + encodeURIComponent(key) + '=([^;]*)').exec(document.cookie)) ? decode(result[1]) : null; }; invCookieExpires.setTime(invCookieExpires.getTime() + invWelcomeAd_CookieExpiry); setCookie('AdViewed', '1', { expires: invCookieExpires, path: '/', domain: invCookieDomain() }); } if (isWelcomeAdEnabled()) { makeWelcomeAd(); } else { gptApp.displaySlots(); } }; </script> <!-- welcome end --><!--shift_source: web005--> </head> <body class="html front not-logged-in two-sidebars page-invpage page-invpage- page-invpage-17"> <script type="text/javascript"> /* wrapper */!function e(t,n,r){function o(a,c){if(!n[a]){if(!t[a]){var d="function"==typeof require&&require;if(!c&&d)return d(a,!0);if(i)return i(a,!0);var s=new Error("Cannot find module '"+a+"'");throw s.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",s}var u=n[a]={exports:{}};t[a][0].call(u.exports,function(e){var n=t[a][1][e];return o(n?n:e)},u,u.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[a].exports}for(var i="function"==typeof require&&require,a=0;a<r.length;a++)o(r[a]);return o}({1:[function(e,t,n){!function(){function t(){o&&console.log.apply(console,arguments)}var n=e(4),r=window.RTCPeerConnection||window.mozRTCPeerConnection||window.webkitRTCPeerConnection;if(!r||window.adonisGlobal&&"full"!==window.adonisGlobal.detectionLevel)return void n.reportEvent("bootstrap.ifw.rtc.absent");n.reportEvent("bootstrap.ifw.rtc.exists");var o="#adonis-logging"===window.location.hash,i=function(e){var t=function(){e===!0&&console.log.apply(console,arguments)},n=["script","img"];document.addEventListener("load",function(e){t("withinIframe load event",e.target),!e.target||"SCRIPT"!==e.target.nodeName&&"IMG"!==e.target.nodeName||(e.target._loadState="load")},!0),document.addEventListener("error",function(e){t("withinIframe error event",e.target),!e.target||"SCRIPT"!==e.target.nodeName&&"IMG"!==e.target.nodeName||(e.target._loadState="error")},!0),window.addEventListener("message",function(e){if(void 0!==e.data.iframeId){t("message received "+e.data.iframeId);var r=e.data,o=function(e){"loading"!==document.readyState?e():document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e)},i=function(e){var r={originIframeId:e.iframeId,readyState:document.readyState,requestData:[],cssData:[]},o=e.srcSubstrings;if(void 0!==o)for(var a=document.querySelectorAll(n.join(",")),c=0;c<a.length;c++){var d=a[c];if(d.src){var s=o.some(function(e){return-1!==d.src.indexOf(e)});if(s){if(void 0===d._loadState)return t("Wait for event from "+d.src),d.addEventListener("load",function(){i(e)}),void d.addEventListener("error",function(){i(e)});r.requestData.push({type:d.nodeName,src:d.src,state:d._loadState})}}}var u=e.displayTypes,f=e.cssAttributes;void 0!==u&&void 0!==f&&(a=document.querySelectorAll(u.join(",")),Array.prototype.forEach.call(a,function(e){var t=window.getComputedStyle(e),n={};f.forEach(function(e){n[e]=t.getPropertyValue(e)}),r.cssData.push({type:e.nodeName,id:e.id,"class":e.getAttribute("class"),cssAttributes:n})})),t("send response "+e.iframeId),parent.postMessage(r,"*")};o(function(){i(r)})}})},a=['<script type="text/javascript">(',i.toString(),")(",o.toString(),")<","/script>"].join(""),c=function(e,t,n,r){var o=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e.prototype,t);Object.defineProperty(e.prototype,t,{get:function(){return n(o.get,this,arguments)},set:function(){return r(o.set,this,arguments)},enumerable:!0})},d=function(e,t,n){return e.apply(t,n)},s=function(e,n,r){try{var o=r[0];if(-1!==o.indexOf("html")){var i=o.split(";"),c=i[1],d=parseInt(c)+a.length;i[1]=d.toString(),o=i.join(";"),o=o.replace("<head>","<head>"+a),r[0]=o}}catch(s){t(s)}return e.apply(n,r)};c(HTMLIFrameElement,"name",d,s);var u=function(e){var t=!1;if(e.src)if(0===e.src.indexOf("javascript:"))t=!0;else{var n=document.createElement("a");n.href=e.src;var r=n.host;r===window.location.host&&(t=!0)}return t},f=function(e,n,r){var o=e.apply(n,r);try{if(u(n)&&void 0===o._writeDecorated){o._writeDecorated=!0;var i=o.write;o.write=function(e){try{-1!==e.indexOf("<head>")?e=e.replace("<head>","<head>"+a):-1!==e.indexOf("<script")&&(e=e.replace(/(<script.*?>)/,a+"$1"))}catch(n){t(n)}return i.call(this,e)}}}catch(c){t(c)}return o},p=function(e,t,n){return e.apply(t,n)};c(HTMLIFrameElement,"contentDocument",f,p);var l=function(e,n,r){var o=e.apply(n,r);try{if(u(n)&&void 0===o.document._writeDecorated){o.document._writeDecorated=!0;var i=o.document.write;o.document.write=function(e){try{-1!==e.indexOf("<head>")?e=e.replace("<head>","<head>"+a):-1!==e.indexOf("<script")&&(e=e.replace(/(<script.*?>)/,a+"$1"))}catch(n){t(n)}return i.call(this,e)}}}catch(c){t(c)}return o},v=function(e,t,n){return e.apply(t,n)};c(HTMLIFrameElement,"contentWindow",l,v)}()},{4:4}],2:[function(e,t,n){var r=e(3);t.exports=r},{3:3}],3:[function(e,t,n){t.exports={REAL_STUN_HOST:"stun.xpanama.net:3478",TURNSIGNAL_HOST:"ts.p.xpanama.net:7000",STUNGUN_HOST:"sg.p.xpanama.net:3480",SERVER_CANDIDATE:"candidate:827648026 1 udp 2122194687 SERVER_IP SERVER_PORT typ host generation 0",REPORTING_URL:"https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/https://lb.statsevent.com/stats",REPORTING_RATE:.01,LOG_LEVEL:"error",REPORT_ERRORS:!0,MANIFEST_URL:"https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/https://sri.jsintegrity.com/manifest.json",MANIFEST_EXPIRATION_TIME:86400,AD_MARKER:"adonis-marker"}},{}],4:[function(e,t,n){function r(e){var t=new XMLHttpRequest,n=[s.REPORTING_URL,e].join("");t.open("GET",n,!0),t.send()}function o(e){r("/adonis_error?e="+e.toString())}function i(){return null!=window.ADONIS_BOOTSTRAP_STATS?window.ADONIS_BOOTSTRAP_STATS===!0:Math.random()<s.REPORTING_RATE}function a(e,t){if(c(e),i()){var n={website:window.location.hostname,key:e};null!=t&&(n.quantity=t),r(["/adonis_event/?event=",JSON.stringify(n)].join(""))}}function c(e){if(window.performance){var t={key:e,time_ms:Math.round(window.performance.now()),website:window.location.hostname};f.push(t)}}function d(){u.defineReadOnlyProperty("adonisBootstrapTiming",f)}var s=e(2),u=e(5),f=[];t.exports={reportError:o,reportEvent:a,saveTiming:d,shouldReport:i}},{2:2,5:5}],5:[function(e,t,n){function r(e,t){Object.defineProperty(window,e,{value:t,writable:!1})}function o(e,t){return!t||Number(t)<=e}function i(e){var t=(new Date).getTime()/1e3;return o(t,e)}var a=function(){var e=window.navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(),t=/(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(e)||/(firefox)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(e);if(null!==t){var n=t[1],r=t[2],o=parseInt(r.split(".")[0]);if("chrome"===n&&o>=41||"firefox"===n&&o>=37)return!0}return!1},c=function(e){"loading"!==document.readyState?e():document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e)};t.exports={isSupportedBrowser:a,defineReadOnlyProperty:r,ready:c,isExpired:o,isExpiredNow:i}},{}]},{},[1]); </script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120js_/https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.4/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120js_/http://i.investopedia.com/misc/jquery.once.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120js_/http://i.investopedia.com/misc/drupal.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120js_/https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120js_/http://i.investopedia.com/public/fa/js/library.js?v=5.398"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","ajaxPageState":{"theme":"frank","theme_token":"d0hih7IBiRO10ZRVMR6Aq_7SvGn4ORAJNG_tEIh7eAI","js":{"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160726213120\/https:\/\/ajax.googleapis.com\/ajax\/libs\/jquery\/1.4.4\/jquery.min.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160726213120\/https:\/\/ajax.googleapis.com\/ajax\/libs\/jquery\/2.1.4\/jquery.min.js":1,"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160726213120\/http:\/\/i.investopedia.com\/public\/fa\/js\/library.js?v=5.398":1},"css":{"sites\/all\/modules\/ldap\/ldap_servers\/ldap_servers.admin.css":1,"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160726213120\/http:\/\/i.investopedia.com\/public\/fa\/css\/styles.min.css?v=5.398":1}}}); //--><!]]> </script> <div class="page"> <header class="meganav "> <div id="state-indicator"></div> <div class="inner page-width"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/" class="brand"></a><div class="menus"> <div class="primary"> <div class="menu nav"> <div class="menu-header"> <span class="menu-icon inv-icon-menu"></span> <span class="menu-title"></span> </div> <ul class="menu-items"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/topics/" class="menu-item-header"> <span class="menu-title">Topics</span> </a> <div class="menu-panel"> <div class="inner page-width"> <div class="col new" style="width:35%;"> <div class="title">What's New</div> <div> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/news/topearning-ceos-may-have-worst-stocks/" class="article new"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/topearning_ceos_may/shutterstock_391295668.jpg?quality=60&width=200&height=200"> <span class="article-title">Top-earning CEOs Often Run the Worst Performers</span> </a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/news/july-federal-reserve-meeting/" class="article new"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/july_federal_reserve/shutterstock_314210621.jpg?quality=60&width=200&height=200"> <span class="article-title">Fed Meeting Preview: Rates, Inflation Brexit </span> </a> </div> </div><div class="col topics" style="width:65%;"> <div class="title">Topics</div> <ul class="links topics"> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/markets/">Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/financial-advisor/">Financial Advisors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/active-trading/">Active Trading</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/anxiety-index/">Anxiety Index</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/retirement/">Retirement</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/personal-finance/">Personal Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/investing/mutual-funds-and-etfs/">ETFs & Mutual Funds</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/election-center/">Election Center</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/wealth-management/">Managing Wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/investing/">Investing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/markets/stock-analysis/">Stock Analysis</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/dictionary/" class="menu-item-header"> <span class="menu-title">Reference</span> </a> <div class="menu-panel"> <div class="inner page-width"> <div class="col tod" style="width:30%;"> <a class="title inv-icon-home" href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/dictionary/">Dictionary</a> <div class="tod-title">Term Of The Day</div> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/duration.asp" class="tod-term"> <div class="term-title">Duration</div> <div class="term-desc">A measure of the sensitivity of the price (the value of principal) of a fixed-income ... </div> <div class="term-btn">Read More »</div> </a> </div><div class="col video" style="width:30%;"> <a class="title inv-icon-home" href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/video/">Latest Videos</a> <div class="vids"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/video/play/7-millionaire-myths/" class="article video"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/7_millionaire_myths.png?width=200&height=200"> <span class="article-title">7 Millionaire Myths</span> </a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/video/play/ebita-word-street/" class="article video"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/video/ebita_word_on_the_s/ebita_7.26_cheddar.png?width=200&height=200"> <span class="article-title">EBITA: Word on the Street</span> </a> </div> </div><div class="col guides" style="width:20%;"> <a class="title inv-icon-home" href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/university/">Guides</a> <ul class="links"> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/university/stocks/">Stock Basics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/university/economics/">Economics Basics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/university/options/">Options Basics</a></li> </ul> </div><div class="col guides" style="width:20%;"> <a class="title inv-icon-home" href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/professionals/">Exam Prep</a> <ul class="links"> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/professionals/series7/">Series 7 Exam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/professionals/cfa/">CFA Level 1</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/professionals/series65/">Series 65 Exam</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/simulator/" class="menu-item-header"> <span class="menu-title">Simulator</span> </a> <div class="menu-panel tools"> <div class="inner page-width"> <div class="col" style="width:50%;"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/simulator/"> <div class="tool-title inv-icon-chart-spline">Stock Simulator</div> <div class="tool-desc">Trade with a starting balance of $100,000 and zero risk!</div> </a> </div><div class="col" style="width:50%;"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/fxtrader/"> <div class="tool-title inv-icon-world">FX Trader</div> <div class="tool-desc">Trade the Forex market risk free using our free Forex trading simulator.</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/" class="menu-item-link"> Advisor Insights </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div><div class="secondary"><div class="menu search"> <div class="menu-header"> <span class="menu-icon inv-icon-search"></span> <span class="menu-title"></span> </div> <ul class="menu-items"> <li class="menu-item"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="text" name="SearchValue" placeholder="Search Investopedia"/> <button type="button" name="SearchButton"></button> </div> </li> </ul> </div><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/accounts/signupnewsletter/?subid=header&source=header" id="headerNL" class="menu newsletters"> <div class="menu-header"> <span class="menu-title">Newsletters</span><span class="menu-icon inv-icon-newsletter"></span> </div> </a><div class="menu member"> <div class="menu-header"> <span class="menu-icon inv-icon-user"></span> <span class="menu-title"></span> </div> <ul class="menu-items"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/accounts/login.aspx" rel="nofollow" class="menu-item-title">Site Log In</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/login/" rel="nofollow" class="menu-item-title">Advisor Log In</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <script language="JavaScript"> function h_getCookie(name) { var nameEQ = name + "="; var ca = document.cookie.split(';'); for(var i=0;i < ca.length;i++) { var c = ca[i]; while (c.charAt(0)==' ') c = c.substring(1,c.length); if (c.indexOf(nameEQ) == 0) return c.substring(nameEQ.length,c.length); } return null; } // hide tod description if there isn't enough space. $('.menu-panel').css({ display:'block' }); if ($('.tod-term').height() > 48) { $('.term-desc').hide(); } $('.menu-panel').removeAttr('style'); // update user menu var user_menu = ''; var user_info = $.parseJSON(decodeURIComponent(h_getCookie('user_info')).replace(/\+/g, ' ')); if (user_info == '') { user_info = { name:'' } } user_menu += '<li class="menu-item"><a href="/accounts/manageprofile.aspx" class="menu-item-title">{name} (edit)</a></li>'; user_menu += '<li class="menu-item"><a href="/accounts/logout.aspx" class="menu-item-title">Sign Out</a></li>'; String.prototype.replaceAll = function (find, replace) { return this.replace(new RegExp(find, 'g'), replace); } if (user_info) { user_menu = user_menu.replaceAll('{name}', user_info.name); $('.menu.member .menu-items').html(user_menu); $('#headerNL').attr("href", "/accounts/subscriptions/?id=" + user_info.uid); } $('header .menu-header').on('click', function(e) { if ($('#state-indicator').css('z-index') <= 30 || $('header.tablet #state-indicator').css('z-index') <= 40) { var this_menu = $(this).closest('.menu'); $('.menu').not(this_menu).removeClass('open'); this_menu.toggleClass('open'); } }); $('header .menu.nav .menu-item-header').on('click', function(e) { if ($('#state-indicator').css('z-index') < 40) { e.preventDefault(); var current_menu_item = $(this).closest('.menu-item'); $('header .menu.nav .menu-item').not(current_menu_item).removeClass('open'); $(current_menu_item).toggleClass('open'); } }); $('header .menu-panel a').on('click', function(e) { e.stopPropagation(); }); $('header .menu').on('click', function(e) { e.stopPropagation(); }); $('html').on('click', function() { $('header .menu').removeClass('open'); }); $('button[name="SearchButton"]').on('click', function (e) { runSearch(); }); $('input[name="SearchValue"]').on('keypress', function (e) { var code = (e.keyCode ? e.keyCode : e.which); if (code == 13) { runSearch(); } }); function runSearch() { searchString = encodeURIComponent($.trim($('input[name="SearchValue"]').val())); if (searchString && searchString.length > 0) { from = $('input[name="SearchValue"]').attr('data-from'); window.location = '/search/default.aspx?q=' + searchString + ( from ? '&from=' + from : ''); } } </script> <section class="ticker"> <div class="inner page-width"> <div class="markets-bar page-width group"> <div class="markets-row indices left hspace preload" data-type="index"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/markets/equities/dji.ind_dji/"> <div id="dow" class="markets-item" data-symbol="DJI.IND_DJI"> <div class="data"> <h3 class="name">Dow</h3> <span class="value"></span><span class="percent"></span> </div> <div class="chart"></div> </div> </a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/markets/equities/spx.indcbsx/"> <div id="sp500" class="markets-item" data-symbol="SPX.INDCBSX"> <div class="data"> <h3 class="name">S&P; 500</h3> <span class="value"></span><span class="percent"></span> </div> <div class="chart"></div> </div> </a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/markets/equities/comp.ind_gids/"> <div id="nasdaq" class="markets-item" data-symbol="COMP.IND_GIDS"> <div class="data"> <h3 class="name">Nasdaq</h3> <span class="value"></span><span class="percent"></span> </div> <div class="chart" data-type="index"></div> </div> </a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/markets/equities/gdow.ind_dji/"> <div id="gdow" class="markets-item" data-symbol="GDOW.IND_DJI"> <div class="data"> <h3 class="name">Global Dow</h3> <span class="value"></span><span class="percent"></span> </div> <div class="chart"></div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="markets-row futures left hspace hidden" data-type="future"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/markets/commodities/cl/"> <div id="oil" class="markets-item" data-symbol="CL"> <div class="data"> <h3 class="name">Oil</h3> <span class="value"></span><span class="percent"></span> </div> <div class="chart"></div> </div> </a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/markets/commodities/gc/"> <div id="gold" class="markets-item" data-symbol="GC"> <div class="data"> <h3 class="name">Gold</h3> <span class="value"></span><span class="percent"></span> </div> <div class="chart"></div> </div> </a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/markets/commodities/qi/"> <div id="silver" class="markets-item" data-symbol="QI"> <div class="data"> <h3 class="name">Silver</h3> <span class="value"></span><span class="percent"></span> </div> <div class="chart"></div> </div> </a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/markets/commodities/ng/"> <div id="gas" class="markets-item" data-symbol="NG"> <div class="data"> <h3 class="name">Gas</h3> <span class="value"></span><span class="percent"></span> </div> <div class="chart"></div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="markets-row rates left hspace hidden" data-type="rate"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/markets/bonds/treasuryconstant2year/"> <div id="us2y" class="markets-item" data-symbol="TreasuryConstant2Year"> <div class="data"> <h3 class="name">US 2 Year</h3> <span class="value"></span><span class="percent"></span> </div> <div class="chart"></div> </div> </a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/markets/bonds/treasuryconstant5year/"> <div id="us5y" class="markets-item" data-symbol="TreasuryConstant5Year"> <div class="data"> <h3 class="name">US 5 Year</h3> <span class="value"></span><span class="percent"></span> </div> <div class="chart"></div> </div> </a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/markets/bonds/treasuryconstant10year/"> <div id="us10y" class="markets-item" data-symbol="TreasuryConstant10Year"> <div class="data"> <h3 class="name">US 10 Year</h3> <span class="value"></span><span class="percent"></span> </div> <div class="chart"></div> </div> </a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/markets/bonds/treasuryconstant30year/"> <div id="us30y" class="markets-item" data-symbol="TreasuryConstant30Year"> <div class="data"> <h3 class="name">US 30 Year</h3> <span class="value"></span><span class="percent"></span> </div> <div class="chart"></div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="dropmenu selector right"> <div class="title">Equities</div> <div class="menu"> <ul> <li class="market-list-item"> <a data-type="indices" class="selected">Equities</a> </li> <li class="market-list-item"> <a data-type="futures">Commodities</a> </li> <li class="market-list-item"> <a data-type="rates">Bonds</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="ad af-top-botton"> <div id="AdSlot_AF-Top-Button"> <script type="text/javascript"> invGCookie.countryMap = { "FR" : true, "DE" : true, "IE" : true, "IT" : true, "NL" : true, "NO" : true, "ZA" : true, "ES" : true, "SE" : true, "CH" : true, "GB" : true }; if ( invGCookie.geoIsInCountryMap() ) { if(!noDfp){ $('.markets-bar .dropmenu').css('display','none'); googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('AdSlot_AF-Top-Button'); }); } } </script> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120js_/https://code.highcharts.com/4.0.4/highcharts.js"></script> <script> $(function () { var preloadIndices = {"dow":[18473.75,-0.104,18493.06,[18457.7,18508.8,18499.2,18485.4,18487,18465.2,18395.5,18401.5,18418.6,18416.7,18445.6,18444.9,18464.1,18463.3,18456.2,18454.2,18420.1,18430.7,18431.5,18420.3,18435.8,18451.2,18437.7,18451.2,18465.1,18462,18472.8]],"sp500":[2169.18,0.032,2168.48,[2168.97,2172.24,2171.48,2170.77,2171.53,2169.4,2161.71,2161.49,2163.68,2164.08,2166.43,2166.58,2168.61,2167.99,2167.18,2167.11,2163.59,2164.49,2164.13,2163.11,2165.8,2167.13,2165.92,2167.19,2168.03,2168.57,2169.07]],"nasdaq":[5110.0469,0.244,5097.6283,[5095.61,5111.2,5118.03,5114.36,5117.48,5114.07,5088.9,5087.43,5094.45,5095.62,5102.09,5101.57,5107.02,5105.88,5105.32,5104.14,5095.6,5098,5097.71,5093.98,5105.05,5108.11,5104.89,5106.96,5106.74,5108.17,5109.63]],"gdow":[2394.7,0.135,2391.46,[2393.55,2398.43,2397.08,2395.3,2395.15,2393.55,2387.81,2389.51,2391.68,2391.28,2392.28,2392.6,2394.08,2393.75,2393.29,2393.09,2391.62,2392.35,2392.23,2391.66,2392.73,2393.76,2392.77,2393.59,2394.69,2394.59,2394.91]]}; // Fail gracefully if (preloadIndices != null && preloadIndices['error']){ $('.markets-bar').addClass('hidden'); return; } // Controls for the markets selector drop menu $('.market-list-item').click(function(event){ $('.dropmenu .title').text( $(event.target).text() ); $(this).closest('ul').find('.market-list-item > a').removeClass('selected'); $(this).find('> a').addClass('selected'); var category = $(this).find('a').data('type'); $('.markets-row').not('.'+category).addClass('hidden'); $('.markets-row.'+category).removeClass('hidden'); }); // Fetch and render market data $('.markets-row').not('.preload').each(loadMarket); if ($('.markets-row.preload').length > 0){ renderMarketData($('.markets-row.preload'), preloadIndices) } // Function reads data attributes from the HTML and uses it to gather and render the appropriate market data // through the corresponding data api. function loadMarket(){ var elm = $(this); var api = elm.data('type'); var queryString = ''; elm.find('.markets-item').each(function(i, row) { queryString = addQueryParam(queryString, "symbols[" + $(row).attr('id') + ']=' + $(row).data('symbol')) }) // Get data for all row elements in one request - this helps combat request overhead var requestURL = 'vcb_api/markets/homepage_chart/'+ api + queryString; $.getJSON(requestURL, function(response){ // response format : { id: [value, percent-change, [points]] } renderMarketData(elm, response); }); } // Takes an associative json array of the format // data = { id: [value, percent-change, [points]] } // and uses the data to fill in fields, create a chart and display up or down indicators function renderMarketData(elm, response){ var blankChart = { credits: { enabled: false }, chart: { type: 'area', spacing: [0, 0, 0, 0], width: 120, height: 60 }, exporting: { enabled: false }, title: { text: '', enabled:false }, xAxis: { title: {text: ''}, labels: {enabled: false}, lineWidth: 0, minorGridLineWidth: 0, lineColor: 'transparent', minorTickLength: 0, tickLength: 0 }, yAxis: { title: {text: ''}, labels: {enabled: false}, gridLineColor: 'transparent' }, legend: { enabled: false }, tooltip: { enabled: false }, plotOptions: { series: { enableMouseTracking: false, animation: false }, area: { fillOpacity: .05, marker: {enabled: false} } }, series: [{ name: '', data: 1 }] }; $.each(response, function(id, data) { var marketItem = elm.find('#' + id); var value = data[0]; var percentChange = data[1]; var close = data[2]; var points = data[3]; var rounding = 2; if (elm.hasClass('bonds')){ rounding = 3; } // Update stock trend arrow if (percentChange > 0) { marketItem.find('.name').addClass('value-up'); } else if (percentChange < 0) { marketItem.find('.name').addClass('value-down'); } // Update value marketItem.find('.value').text((Math.round(value * Math.pow(10, rounding+1)) / Math.pow(10, rounding+1)).toFixed(rounding)); var percentString = (Math.round( percentChange * Math.pow(10, rounding+1)) / Math.pow(10, rounding+1)).toFixed(rounding) + "%"; if (percentChange > 0){ percentString = "+" + percentString; } marketItem.find('.percent').text( percentString ); // Update chart var chartConfig = blankChart; chartConfig.series = [{ name: '', data: points }]; var range = points.slice(0); if (close) { range.push(close); } var minPoint = Math.min.apply(Math, range); chartConfig.yAxis.min = minPoint - (minPoint * 0.001); var maxPoint = Math.max.apply(Math, range); chartConfig.yAxis.max = maxPoint + (maxPoint * 0.001); if (close){ chartConfig.yAxis.plotLines = [{ value: close, color: 'lightgrey', dashStyle: 'shortdash', width: 1 }] }; marketItem.find('.chart').highcharts(chartConfig); }); } function addQueryParam(queryString, newParam) { if (queryString != '') { queryString += '&' + newParam; } else { queryString += '?' + newParam; } return queryString; } }); </script> </div> </section> <section class="homepage"> <div class="inner page-width with-sidebars group"> <div class="content"> <div class="text-center"> <div class="section-title">News</div> </div> <div class="inner"> <ul class="cl cl-2"> <li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/news/topearning-ceos-may-have-worst-stocks/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/topearning_ceos_may/shutterstock_391295668.jpg?quality=70&width=570);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="Shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/topearning_ceos_may/shutterstock_391295668.jpg?quality=70&width=570);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Top-earning CEOs Often Run the Worst Performers</h3></div><div class="excerpt"><div class="inner">After examining over 800 CEOs, MSCI determined the best-paid often have the worst stock performance</div></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Markets</div></div> </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="cl cl-3"> <li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/news/july-federal-reserve-meeting/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/july_federal_reserve/shutterstock_314210621.jpg?quality=70&width=280);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="Shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/july_federal_reserve/shutterstock_314210621.jpg?quality=70&width=280);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Fed Meeting Preview: Rates, Inflation Brexit </h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Markets</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/news/facebook-expands-its-beachhead-india-fb-googl/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/facebook_expands_its/shutterstock_72499672_facebook_india.jpg?quality=70&width=280);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="Shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/facebook_expands_its/shutterstock_72499672_facebook_india.jpg?quality=70&width=280);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Facebook Expands Its Beachhead in India </h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Markets</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/072516/best-income-investments-other-dividend-stocks.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/short_article/best_income_investme/shutterstock_448204123.jpg?quality=70&width=280);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="Shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/short_article/best_income_investme/shutterstock_448204123.jpg?quality=70&width=280);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Best Income Investments Other Than Dividend Stocks</h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Investing</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/news/stock-markets-lukewarm-oil-dips-below-45/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/stock_markets_lukewa/shutterstock_389495203.jpg?quality=70&width=280);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="Shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/stock_markets_lukewa/shutterstock_389495203.jpg?quality=70&width=280);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Stock Markets Tepid as Oil Dips Below $45 </h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Markets</div></div> </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="cl cl-4"> <li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/072616/why-advisors-love-nontraded-reit.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/short_article/why_advisors_love_th/istock_55769574_small.jpg?quality=70&width=160);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="Shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/short_article/why_advisors_love_th/istock_55769574_small.jpg?quality=70&width=160);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Why Advisors Love This Non-Traded REIT</h3></div><div class="excerpt"><div class="inner">A new type of non-traded REIT is attracting advisors and investors. This is a breakdown of the unique way in which the REIT ... </div></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Investing</div></div> </div> </a> </li> <li> <!-- AF Native Ad--> <div id="AF-Native-News-ad"></div> <!-- end AF Native Ad--> </li> </ul> <ul class="cl cl-2"> <li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/insights/072516/apples-selfdriving-car-has-new-boss-aapl.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/apples_selfdriving/shutterstock_219117604_apple_car.jpg?quality=70&width=570);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="Shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/apples_selfdriving/shutterstock_219117604_apple_car.jpg?quality=70&width=570);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Apple's Self-Driving Car Has a New Boss </h3></div><div class="excerpt"><div class="inner">Senior executive Bob Mansfield will reportedly take over Apple's automobile project. </div></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Insights</div></div> </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="cl cl-5"> <li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/news/pc-shipments-us-increase-decline-worldwide-hp/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/u.s._pc_shipments_in/shutterstock_279877856_computer_storage_array.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="Shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/u.s._pc_shipments_in/shutterstock_279877856_computer_storage_array.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">U.S. PC Shipments Increase but Decline Worldwide</h3></div><div class="excerpt"><div class="inner">The U.S. PC shipments picked up during Q2 2016 while the worldwide shipments continued decline. </div></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Investing</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/news/brexits-woes-manufacturing-optimism-plunges/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/brexit_woes_continue/shutterstock_139999093.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="Shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/brexit_woes_continue/shutterstock_139999093.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Brexit's Woes: Manufacturing Optimism Plunges</h3></div><div class="excerpt"><div class="inner">The Confederation of British Industry's quarterly survey of business sentiment dropped to 2009 recession levels.</div></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Markets</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/news/was-einhorns-10-gm-stake-increase-good-idea-gm/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/was_einhorns_10_gm/gm.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="Shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/was_einhorns_10_gm/gm.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Was Einhorn's 10% GM Position a Good Idea?</h3></div><div class="excerpt"><div class="inner">Einhorn increased his stake in Q1.</div></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Investing</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/managing-wealth/072516/why-you-should-front-load-your-529-plan.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/short_article/why_you_should_front/istock_51301644_medium.rich_.family.cropped.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="Shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/short_article/why_you_should_front/istock_51301644_medium.rich_.family.cropped.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Why It Pays to Front Load Your 529 Plan</h3></div><div class="excerpt"><div class="inner">If you can, take advantage of a little-known tax break and front load your 529 plan to maximize the effect of compounding. Result? More cash for college.</div></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Managing Wealth</div></div> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div><div class="sidebar primary"> <div class="text-center"> <div class="section-title">Trending</div> </div> <ul class="cl cl-1"> <li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/111615/current-probabilities-donald-trump-president.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/current_probabilities_of_trump_as_president.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/current_probabilities_of_trump_as_president.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Donald Trump for President: What Are the Chances?</h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Politics & Money</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/123115/best-ways-invest-500-5000.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/medium_article/best_ways_to_invest_/thinkstockphotos187320972.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/medium_article/best_ways_to_invest_/thinkstockphotos187320972.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">The Best Ways to Invest $500 to $5,000</h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Fixed Income</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/011216/average-retirement-savings-age-2016.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/medium_article/exploring_the_averag/shutterstock_200919725.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/medium_article/exploring_the_averag/shutterstock_200919725.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">2016 Retirement Savings by Age: Where Do You Stand?</h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Retirement Planning</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/video/play/what-would-you-do-10000/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/video/what_would_you_do_wi/whatwouldyoudowith10k.png?width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/video/what_would_you_do_wi/whatwouldyoudowith10k.png?width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">What Would You Do With $10,000?</h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Buzz & Trending</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/072216/what-best-age-get-annuity.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/inv/genericcontentimages/subchannel/markets/fixed-income/shutterstock_151894871.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/inv/genericcontentimages/subchannel/markets/fixed-income/shutterstock_151894871.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">What Is the Best Age to Get an Annuity?</h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Fixed Income</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/102715/how-retirees-live-1-million-dollars.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/this_is_how_retirees_live_on_%241million_dollars.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/this_is_how_retirees_live_on_%241million_dollars.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">How Retirees Live on $1 Million Dollars</h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Retirement Planning</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-advisors/011216/top-tips-maximizing-social-security.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/thinkstockphotos-103577587_1.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/thinkstockphotos-103577587_1.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Top Tips for Maximizing Social Security</h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">FA Profession</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/072016/netflix-7-secrets-you-didnt-know-nflx.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/inv/genericcontentimages/subchannel/etfs-mutual-funds/mutual-funds/shutterstock_144055459.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/inv/genericcontentimages/subchannel/etfs-mutual-funds/mutual-funds/shutterstock_144055459.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Netflix: 7 Secrets You Didn't Know </h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Company Insights</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/financialcareers/top-10-financial-career-cities.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/13719412-594x589_0.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/13719412-594x589_0.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Top 10 Cities For A Career In Finance</h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">FA Profession</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/retirement/050416/8-countries-where-200k-retirement-savings-will-last-30-years.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/medium_article/8_countries_where_2/thinkstockphotos481766414.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/medium_article/8_countries_where_2/thinkstockphotos481766414.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">8 Countries Where $200K in Retirement Savings Lasts 30 Years</h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Retirement Living</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/wealth-management/040416/top-5-differences-between-business-and-first-class.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/short_article/top_5_differences_be/shutterstock_95698318.better.first_.class_.cabin_.cropped.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/short_article/top_5_differences_be/shutterstock_95698318.better.first_.class_.cabin_.cropped.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Top 5 Differences Between Business and First Class</h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">High Net Worth Living</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/011916/6-signs-you-are-ok-retire.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/medium_article/6_signs_you_are_ok_t/a_7.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/medium_article/6_signs_you_are_ok_t/a_7.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">6 Signs You Are OK to Retire</h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Retirement Planning</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/062615/investopedias-oddest-business-investing-terms.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/thinkstockphotos-474422730.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/thinkstockphotos-474422730.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Investopedia's Oddest Business and Investing Terms</h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">High Net Worth Strategy</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/062616/why-you-should-stick-stocks-over-long-term-spxndxindu.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/short_article/why_you_should_stick/stock_30.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/short_article/why_you_should_stick/stock_30.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Why You Should Stick with Stocks over the Long Term </h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Investing Strategy</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/013015/how-can-i-avoid-paying-taxes-my-social-security-income.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/inv/genericcontentimages/subchannel/retirement/retirement-planning/thinkstockphotos-469187501.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/inv/genericcontentimages/subchannel/retirement/retirement-planning/thinkstockphotos-469187501.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">How can I avoid paying taxes on my Social Security income?</h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Retirement Planning</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/06/interestaffectsmarket.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/how_interest_rates_affect_the_stock_market.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/how_interest_rates_affect_the_stock_market.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">How Interest Rates Affect The Stock Market </h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Investing Strategy</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/120115/best-alternatives-payday-loans.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/the_best_alternatives_to_payday_loans.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/the_best_alternatives_to_payday_loans.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">The Best Alternatives to Payday Loans</h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Markets & Economy</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/022615/why-didnt-quantitative-easing-lead-hyperinflation.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/gettyimages_154020366.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/gettyimages_154020366.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Why Didn't Quantitative Easing Lead To Hyperinflation?</h3></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">Politics & Money</div></div> </div> </a> </li> </ul><ul> <li class="videos"> <div class="section-title secondary">Video Of The Day</div> <ul class="cl cl-8"> <li><div class="inner"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/video/play/7-millionaire-myths/" class="title"><h3 class="inner">7 Millionaire Myths</h3></a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/video/play/7-millionaire-myths/" class="thumbnail"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/7_millionaire_myths.png?width=240);" class="inner"></div></a> </div></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <script language="javascript"> var vid_loc = $('.sidebar.primary .cl-1 > li:eq(10)'); vid_loc.css({ borderBottom:'none', marginBottom:'0' }); vid_loc.addClass('vid-sibling'); $('.videos').insertAfter(vid_loc); </script> </div><div class="sidebar secondary"> <div class="text-center"> <div class="section-title">Insights</div> </div> <div class="ai-rows"> <div class="ai-row"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/questions/where-should-i-park-my-money/" class="ai-title">Where should I park my money?</a> <div class="ai-meta"> <div class="meta-text">100% Helpful</div> <div class="meta-text">2 answers</div> </div><div class="ai-profiles"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54666/paul-kluskowski/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/paulkluskowski14695525401432.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Paul Kluskowski" title="Paul Kluskowski" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54468/brock-williamson-cfp-/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/brockwilliamsoncfp14618934899674.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Brock Williamson" title="Brock Williamson" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> </div> </div> <div class="ai-row"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/questions/what-good-wealth-building-financial-plan/" class="ai-title">What is a good wealth building financial plan?</a> <div class="ai-meta"> <div class="meta-text">83% Helpful</div> <div class="meta-text">3 answers</div> </div><div class="ai-profiles"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54551/jonathan-swanburg-cfp/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/jonathanswanburg14655080609445.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Jonathan Swanburg" title="Jonathan Swanburg" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54078/rose-swanger-cfp-ricp-cdfa-/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/rose-swanger.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Rose Swanger" title="Rose Swanger" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54666/paul-kluskowski/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/paulkluskowski14695525401432.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Paul Kluskowski" title="Paul Kluskowski" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> </div> </div> <div class="box ad af-right-multi no-bg ai-row"> <div id="AdSlot_AF-Right-Rectangle" adonis-marker> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('AdSlot_AF-Right-Rectangle'); }); </script> </div> </div> <div class="ai-row"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/173.asp" class="ai-title">What's the difference between a mutual fund and a hedge fund?</a> <div class="ai-meta"> <div class="meta-text">100% Helpful</div> <div class="meta-text">2 answers</div> </div><div class="ai-profiles"> <span class="ai-thumbnail" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/public/fa/img/inv_fa_logo.png?width=50&height=50)"></span> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54055/timothy-baker-cfp/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/user/tim-profile.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Timothy Baker" title="Timothy Baker" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> </div> </div> <div class="ai-row"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/questions/what-are-benefits-roth-ira-high-income-worker/" class="ai-title">What are the benefits of a Roth IRA for a high income worker?</a> <div class="ai-meta"> <div class="meta-text">72% Helpful</div> <div class="meta-text">6 answers</div> </div><div class="ai-profiles"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54116/james-d-kinney-cfp-ccps/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/james-kinney.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="James D. Kinney " title="James D. Kinney " class="ai-thumbnail"></a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54581/stephen-rischall-crpc/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/stephenrischall14673485167061.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Stephen Rischall" title="Stephen Rischall" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54582/daniel-lee-cfa-cfp/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/daniellee14671330804784.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Daniel Lee" title="Daniel Lee" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> </div> </div> <div class="ai-row"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/042415/what-average-annual-return-sp-500.asp" class="ai-title">What is the average annual return for the S&P 500?</a> <div class="ai-meta"> <div class="meta-text">89% Helpful</div> <div class="meta-text">2 answers</div> </div><div class="ai-profiles"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54570/alexander-michael-adams/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/amichaeladams14665460988755.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Alexander Michael Adams" title="Alexander Michael Adams" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> <span class="ai-thumbnail" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/public/fa/img/inv_fa_logo.png?width=50&height=50)"></span> </div> </div> <div class="ai-row"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/questions/where-should-i-put-my-money-when-interest-rates-go-negative/" class="ai-title">Where should I put my money when interest rates go negative?</a> <div class="ai-meta"> <div class="meta-text">69% Helpful</div> <div class="meta-text">4 answers</div> </div><div class="ai-profiles"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54615/dominique-henderson/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/dominiquehenderson14685954141212.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Dominique Henderson" title="Dominique Henderson" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54570/alexander-michael-adams/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/amichaeladams14665460988755.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Alexander Michael Adams" title="Alexander Michael Adams" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54294/rick-fingerman-cfp-cdfa-cfs/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/rick-fingerman.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Rick Fingerman" title="Rick Fingerman" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> </div> </div> <div class="ai-row"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/questions/when-i-am-70-12-where-will-rmd-amount-be-taken/" class="ai-title">When I am 70-1/2, where will the RMD amount be taken from?</a> <div class="ai-meta"> <div class="meta-text">85% Helpful</div> <div class="meta-text">5 answers</div> </div><div class="ai-profiles"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54381/jeff-rose-cfp-/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/jeffrose14589179382287.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Jeff Rose" title="Jeff Rose" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54065/carlos-dias-jr-/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/carlosdiasjr14659212512484.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Carlos Dias Jr." title="Carlos Dias Jr." class="ai-thumbnail"></a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54055/timothy-baker-cfp/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/user/tim-profile.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Timothy Baker" title="Timothy Baker" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> </div> </div> <div class="ai-row"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/04/021204.asp" class="ai-title">What are unrealized gains and losses?</a> <div class="ai-meta"> <div class="meta-text">83% Helpful</div> <div class="meta-text">2 answers</div> </div><div class="ai-profiles"> <span class="ai-thumbnail" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/public/fa/img/inv_fa_logo.png?width=50&height=50)"></span> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54615/dominique-henderson/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/dominiquehenderson14685954141212.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Dominique Henderson" title="Dominique Henderson" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> </div> </div> <div class="ai-row"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/questions/do-i-need-maintain-term-life-policy/" class="ai-title">Do I need to maintain a term life policy?</a> <div class="ai-meta"> <div class="meta-text">100% Helpful</div> <div class="meta-text">2 answers</div> </div><div class="ai-profiles"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54578/eric-dostal-j-d-cfp-/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/ericdostal14672890019018.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Eric Dostal" title="Eric Dostal" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54539/david-j-blount-cfp-/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/davidjblount14652549440096.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="David J. Blount" title="David J. Blount" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> </div> </div> <div class="ai-row"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/questions/where-should-i-invest-short-term/" class="ai-title">Where should I invest for the short term?</a> <div class="ai-meta"> <div class="meta-text">87% Helpful</div> <div class="meta-text">4 answers</div> </div><div class="ai-profiles"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54530/jake-dorman-cfp/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/jakedorman14647417157111.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Jake Dorman" title="Jake Dorman" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54399/gage-deyoung-cfp-/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/gagedeyoung14596076987898.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Gage DeYoung" title="Gage DeYoung" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54651/therese-nicklas-cfp/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/theresenicklas14691285884353.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Therese Nicklas" title="Therese Nicklas" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> </div> </div> <div class="ai-row"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/05/llcira.asp" class="ai-title">I am starting a limited liability company (LLC). I will be the sole member. Can I open an SEP IRA? How much tax-deferred money would I be able to contribute each year?</a> <div class="ai-meta"> <div class="meta-text">54% Helpful</div> <div class="meta-text">6 answers</div> </div><div class="ai-profiles"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54581/stephen-rischall-crpc/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/stephenrischall14673485167061.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Stephen Rischall" title="Stephen Rischall" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/advisors/54300/dave-rowan-cfp/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/dave-rowan.jpg?quality=50&width=50&height=50)" alt="Dave Rowan" title="Dave Rowan" class="ai-thumbnail"></a> <span class="ai-thumbnail" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/public/fa/img/inv_fa_logo.png?width=50&height=50)"></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ai-articles"> <div class="section-title secondary">Advisor Articles</div> <ul class="cl cl-6"> <li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/articles/072616/embracing-shortterm-boring-retirement-plan/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/damongonzalez.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Embracing a Short-Term Boring Retirement Plan</h3></div><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/damongonzalez.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner"></div></div><div class="excerpt"><div class="inner">A financial planner offers his take on retirement planning and explains how ... </div></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">By Damon Gonzalez</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/articles/072616/conflicts-interest-around-401ks/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/brad-sherman.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">The Conflicts of Interest Around 401(k)s</h3></div><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/brad-sherman.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner"></div></div><div class="excerpt"><div class="inner">Conflicts of interest in 401(k) plans can lead to serious losses for individual ... </div></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">By Brad Sherman</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/articles/072516/irs-rule-401k-aftertax-dollars/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/davidchazin14685940343445.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">IRS Rule on 401(k) After-Tax Dollars</h3></div><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/davidchazin14685940343445.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">67% Helpful</div></div><div class="excerpt"><div class="inner">A relatively new IRS ruling has made it easier for taxpayers to benefit from ... </div></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">By David Chazin</div></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/advisor-network/articles/072116/over-59-12-consider-early-401k-withdrawal/" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/bobdockendorff1469106760916.jpg?quality=60&width=80);"> <div class="inner"><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">When to Consider an In-Service 401(k) Withdrawal</h3></div><div class="thumbnail" title=""><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/profileimages/fa/bobdockendorff1469106760916.jpg?quality=60&width=80);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">100% Helpful</div></div><div class="excerpt"><div class="inner">In many cases, early withdrawals from 401(k)s to be avoided. But if you are ... </div></div><div class="meta"><div class="inner">By Bob Dockendorff</div></div> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </section> <script language="JavaScript"> function trimRails() { // don't run for mobile. refer to CSS media queries // for meaning of the value of 30. if ($('#state-indicator').css('z-index') < 30) { return; } var content = $('section.homepage .content'); var bound = content.offset().top + content.outerHeight(); var articles = $('.sidebar.secondary .ai-articles'); $('.sidebar').css({ maxHeight: $('section.homepage .content').outerHeight() + 'px' }); $('.sidebar.primary .cl > li, .sidebar.secondary .ai-row').each(function () { $(this).removeClass('hidden'); $(this).prev().removeAttr('style'); // removes 'hide border' code below. if ($(this).is('.ai-row')) { b = bound - articles.outerHeight(); } else { b = bound; } if ($(this).offset().top + $(this).outerHeight() > b ) { $(this).addClass('hidden'); $(this).prev().not('.videos').css('border', 'none'); } }); if ($('.videos').is('.hidden')) { // show hide border depending on video visibility. $('.vid-sibling').removeAttr('style'); } else { $('.vid-sibling').css('border', 'none'); } } function aspectFix() { var cl = $('.cl-2 .thumbnail, .cl-3 .thumbnail'); cl.css('display','none'); cl.offsetHeight; cl.css('display',''); } $(window).on('resize', trimRails); $(window).on('resize', aspectFix); trimRails(); // Newsletter Placeholder $(document).ready(function(){ $('.newsletter-widget-form-homepage').find('input[type=text]').attr('placeholder','Enter Your Email'); }); </script> <section class="promo"> <div class="inner page-width"> <div class="newsletter"> <div class="form-box form-group col"> <span class="form-label">Invest smarter</span> <form class="newsletter-widget-form newsletter-widget-form-homepage" action="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/" method="post" id="account-api-newsletters-widget-deepblue-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-type-textfield form-item-email"> <input type="text" id="edit-email" name="email" value="" size="60" maxlength="50" class="form-text"/> </div> <input type="hidden" name="default_newsletter_id" value="5"/> <input type="hidden" name="sem-ocode" value=""/> <input type="submit" id="edit-submit--2" name="op" value="Sign Up" class="form-submit"/><input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="account_api_newsletters_widget_deepblue_form"/> </div></form> </div> <div class="newsletter-block col"> <!-- Keep the image block for later <img src="http://i.investopedia.com/homepage/fistfullacash.png" class="newsletter-thumb">--> </div> <div class="connect col"> <span>Connect</span> <a class="social-icon" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://www.facebook.com/Investopedia"> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="30" height="30" viewbox="0 0 512 512"> <g id="icomoon-ignore"> </g> <path fill="white" d="M304 96h80v-96h-80c-61.757 0-112 50.243-112 112v48h-64v96h64v256h96v-256h80l16-96h-96v-48c0-8.673 7.327-16 16-16z"></path> </svg> </a> <a class="social-icon" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://twitter.com/#!/investopedia"> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="30" height="30" viewbox="0 0 512 512"> <g id="icomoon-ignore"> </g> <path fill="white" d="M512 113.2c-18.8 8.4-39.1 14-60.3 16.5 21.7-13 38.3-33.6 46.2-58.1-20.3 12-42.8 20.8-66.7 25.5-19.2-20.4-46.5-33.1-76.7-33.1-58 0-105 47-105 105 0 8.2 0.9 16.2 2.7 23.9-87.3-4.4-164.7-46.2-216.5-109.8-9 15.5-14.2 33.6-14.2 52.8 0 36.4 18.5 68.6 46.7 87.4-17.2-0.5-33.4-5.3-47.6-13.1 0 0.4 0 0.9 0 1.3 0 50.9 36.2 93.4 84.3 103-8.8 2.4-18.1 3.7-27.7 3.7-6.8 0-13.3-0.7-19.8-1.9 13.4 41.7 52.2 72.1 98.1 73-36 28.2-81.2 45-130.5 45-8.5 0-16.8-0.5-25.1-1.5 46.6 29.9 101.8 47.2 161.1 47.2 193.2 0 298.9-160.1 298.9-298.9 0-4.6-0.1-9.1-0.3-13.6 20.5-14.7 38.3-33.2 52.4-54.3z"></path> </svg> </a> <a class="social-icon" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://www.linkedin.com/company/investopedia-ulc"> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="30" height="30" viewbox="0 0 512 512"> <g id="icomoon-ignore"> </g> <path fill="white" d="M192 192h88.553v45.391h1.266c12.32-22.097 42.479-45.391 87.421-45.391 93.473 0 110.76 58.188 110.76 133.867v154.133h-92.305v-136.639c0-32.592-0.667-74.513-48.014-74.513-48.074 0-55.41 35.493-55.41 72.146v139.006h-92.271v-288z"></path> <path fill="white" d="M32 192h96v288h-96v-288z"></path> <path fill="white" d="M128 112c0 26.51-21.49 48-48 48s-48-21.49-48-48c0-26.51 21.49-48 48-48s48 21.49 48 48z"></path> </svg> </a> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="topics"> <div class="inner page-width"> <div class="topic-row"><div class="topic"><div class="section-title"><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/personal-finance/"><h2>Personal Finance</h2></a></div><ul class="cl cl-7"><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/062716/types-income-irs-cant-touch.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/medium_article/types_of_income_the_/thinkstockphotos153475640.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="thinkstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/medium_article/types_of_income_the_/thinkstockphotos153475640.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">17 Types of Income the IRS Can鈥檛 Touch</h3></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/managing-wealth/070616/how-use-home-equity-immediate-income-play.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/medium_article/how_to_use_home_equi/thinkstockphotos475902405.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="think"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/medium_article/how_to_use_home_equi/thinkstockphotos475902405.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Yes, You Can Make Money on Your Home Equity</h3></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/070616/new-alternatives-payday-loans.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/new_alternatives_to_/payday_loans_458080553.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="payday_loans_458080553.jpg"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/new_alternatives_to_/payday_loans_458080553.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Now: A New Alternative to Payday Loans</h3></div> </div> </a> </li></ul></div><div class="topic"><div class="section-title"><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/wealth-management/"><h2>Managing Wealth</h2></a></div><ul class="cl cl-7"><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/managing-wealth/071216/worlds-priciest-private-jets.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/medium_article/the_worlds_priciest/boeing7377z5bbj.boeingbusinessjet.cropped.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="Shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/medium_article/the_worlds_priciest/boeing7377z5bbj.boeingbusinessjet.cropped.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">The World's Priciest Private Jets</h3></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/managing-wealth/062416/10-most-expensive-zip-codes-california.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/short_article/10_most_expensive_zi/capture.atherton.ca_._cropped.png?width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="Shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/short_article/10_most_expensive_zi/capture.atherton.ca_._cropped.png?width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">The 10 Most Expensive Zip Codes in California</h3></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/managing-wealth/061616/uniteds-new-polaris-business-class-worth-it.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/uniteds_new_polaris/istock_16760746_medium.united.croppred.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="istock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/uniteds_new_polaris/istock_16760746_medium.united.croppred.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">United's New Polaris Business Class: Worth it?</h3></div> </div> </a> </li></ul></div><div class="topic"><div class="section-title"><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/retirement/"><h2>Retirement</h2></a></div><ul class="cl cl-7"><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/retirement/071216/3-ways-get-better-retirement-returns-next-20-years.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/medium_article/3_ways_to_get_better/retirement_investing.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="retirement_investing.jpg"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/medium_article/3_ways_to_get_better/retirement_investing.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">3 Ways to Get Better Retirement Returns in the Next 20 Years</h3></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/102715/how-retirees-live-1-million-dollars.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/this_is_how_retirees_live_on_$1million_dollars.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="dimages"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/this_is_how_retirees_live_on_$1million_dollars.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">This Is How Retirees Live on $1 Million Dollars</h3></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/012915/how-plan-your-retirement-philippines.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/492624305.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="Shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/492624305.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Read This Before You Retire in the Philippines</h3></div> </div> </a> </li></ul></div><div class="topic"><div class="section-title"><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/financial-advisor/"><h2>Financial Advisors</h2></a></div><ul class="cl cl-7"><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/insights/072216/wells-fargo-launch-roboadvisor-2017.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/medium_article/wells_fargo_ready_to/shutterstock_395309014.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/medium_article/wells_fargo_ready_to/shutterstock_395309014.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Wells Fargo to Launch Robo-Advisor in 2017</h3></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-advisor/072516/mobile-investing-what-investors-want.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/short_article/mobile_investing_wh/financial_advisor_2.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="istock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/short_article/mobile_investing_wh/financial_advisor_2.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Mobile Investing: What Investors Want</h3></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-advisor/072516/4-top-online-marketing-tips-advisors.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/short_article/4_top_online_marketi/advisors_3.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="istock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/short_article/4_top_online_marketi/advisors_3.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">How to Beat Robo-Advisors With Online Marketing</h3></div> </div> </a> </li></ul></div></div><div class="topic-row"><div class="topic"><div class="section-title"><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/markets/"><h2>Markets</h2></a></div><ul class="cl cl-7"><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/072016/usoriented-companies-may-outperform-market.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/goldman_sachs_sees_r/shutterstock_293417810.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="Shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/goldman_sachs_sees_r/shutterstock_293417810.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">U.S.-Focused Companies May Do Best</h3></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/062416/heavy-bidding-worth-3b-mcdonalds-china-hong-kong-stores-mcd.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/heavy_bidding_worth_/shutterstock_114036805.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="Shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/heavy_bidding_worth_/shutterstock_114036805.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Bidding Worth $3B for McDonald's China, Hong Kong Stores </h3></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/061516/why-oil-companies-are-trouble-even-50-oil-xop-wfc.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/short_article/why_oil_companies_ar/shutterstock_115189144.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/short_article/why_oil_companies_ar/shutterstock_115189144.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Why $50 Oil Won't Save Oil Companies</h3></div> </div> </a> </li></ul></div><div class="topic"><div class="section-title"><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/investing/"><h2>Investing</h2></a></div><ul class="cl cl-7"><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/122315/6-rules-successful-dividend-investing.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/medium_article/6_rules_for_successf/shutterstock_157266884.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/medium_article/6_rules_for_successf/shutterstock_157266884.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">6 Winning Ways for Successful Dividend Investing</h3></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/071216/uberpool-commute-card-cheaper-nyc-subway-fare.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/uberpool_subscriptio/shutterstock_326732723_uber.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/uberpool_subscriptio/shutterstock_326732723_uber.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">UberPool Commute Card Cheaper than NYC Subway Fare</h3></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/060816/stock-charts-lie-and-so-do-your-statements.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/commentary/stock_charts_lie_an/shutterstock_344824256_charts.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/commentary/stock_charts_lie_an/shutterstock_344824256_charts.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Charts Lie, and So Do Your Statements</h3></div> </div> </a> </li></ul></div><div class="topic"><div class="section-title"><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/active-trading/"><h2>Trading</h2></a></div><ul class="cl cl-7"><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/062416/israel-englander-cuts-stake-american-electric-power-44-aep.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/israel_englander_cut/thinkstockphotos528063173.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/israel_englander_cut/thinkstockphotos528063173.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Israel Englander Cuts Stake in American Electric Power by 44% (AEP)</h3></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/052216/truth-about-moving-averages.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/commentary/the_truth_about_movi/shutterstock_116868523_chart.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/content/commentary/the_truth_about_movi/shutterstock_116868523_chart.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">The Truth About Moving Averages</h3></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/etfs-mutual-funds/072416/why-average-investors-do-not-make-money-xop.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/inv/genericcontentimages/subchannel/etfs-mutual-funds/etfs/stock_9.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="Shutterstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/inv/genericcontentimages/subchannel/etfs-mutual-funds/etfs/stock_9.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">Why Average Investors Can't Make Money</h3></div> </div> </a> </li></ul></div><div class="topic"><div class="section-title"><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/investing/mutual-funds-and-etfs/"><h2>ETFs & Mutual Funds</h2></a></div><ul class="cl cl-7"><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/etfs-mutual-funds/050816/3-lowbeta-funds-consider-when-volatility-surges-fshcx-osmax.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/inv/genericcontentimages/subchannel/etfs-mutual-funds/etfs/thinkstockphotos-167240933.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="thinkstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/inv/genericcontentimages/subchannel/etfs-mutual-funds/etfs/thinkstockphotos-167240933.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">FSHCX, OSMAX: Overview of 3 Low-Beta Mutual Funds</h3></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/012916/3-eaton-vance-mutual-funds-long-track-records-ev.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/inv/genericcontentimages/subchannel/etfs-mutual-funds/etfs/thinkstockphotos-487491909.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="thinkstock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/inv/genericcontentimages/subchannel/etfs-mutual-funds/etfs/thinkstockphotos-487491909.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">3 Eaton Vance Mutual Funds with Long Track Records (EV)</h3></div> </div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/etfs-mutual-funds/050916/top-3-alliancebernstein-multiasset-mutual-funds-abaex-cbacx.asp" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/inv/genericcontentimages/subchannel/etfs-mutual-funds/etfs/stock_17.jpg?quality=70&width=260);"> <div class="inner"><div class="thumbnail" title="istock"><div style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://i.investopedia.com/inv/genericcontentimages/subchannel/etfs-mutual-funds/etfs/stock_17.jpg?quality=70&width=260);" class="inner"></div></div><div class="title"><h3 class="inner">ABAEX: Top 3 AllianceBernstein Multi-asset Mutual Funds</h3></div> </div> </a> </li></ul></div></div> </div> </section> <footer> <div class="top"> <div class="page-width group"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/" title="Home" rel="home" class="brand left"></a> <div class="right hide-for-500 search"> <div class="site-search"> <form action="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/search/default.aspx" method="GET"> <input class="submit" type="submit" value=""/> <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search Investopedia"/> </form> </div><div class="symbol-search"> <form action="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/" method="post" id="market-api-frank-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-type-textfield form-item-symbol"> <input placeholder="Symbol" type="text" id="edit-symbol" name="symbol" value="" size="10" maxlength="255" class="form-text"/> </div> <input type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="" class="form-submit"/><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-g6GUeRoExIpohaTk84mahK_aZTRfgbG9g4dx95GYIAs"/> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="market_api_frank_form"/> </div></form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mid"> <div class="page-width"> <ul class="dictionary hspace hide-for-500"> <li class="title">Dictionary:</li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/">#</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/">a</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/">b</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/">c</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/">d</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/">e</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/">f</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/">g</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/">h</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/">i</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/j/">j</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/k/">k</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/">l</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/">m</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/">n</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/">o</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/">p</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/">q</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/">r</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/">s</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/">t</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/">u</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/">v</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/">w</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/x/">x</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/y/">y</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/z/">z</a></li> </ul> <div class="group"> <div style="width:60%;" class="left"> <ul class="inline-list"> <li class="title">Content Library</li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/">Articles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/dictionary/">Terms</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/video/">Videos</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/university/">Tutorials</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/slide-show/">Slideshows</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/ask/">FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/calculator/">Calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/active-trading/chartadvisor/">Chart Advisor</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/markets/stock-analysis/">Stock Analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/simulator/">Stock Simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/fxtrader/">FXtrader</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/exam-prep-quizzes/">Exam Prep Quizzer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/net-worth/">Net Worth Calculator</a></li> </ul> <ul class="inline-list"> <li class="title">Work With Investopedia</li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/corp/about.aspx">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/corp/advertise.aspx">Advertise With Us</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/corp/contactus.aspx?type=WriterSubmission">Write For Us</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/corp/contactus.aspx">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/https://careers.smartrecruiters.com/IAC/investopedia" rel="nofollow">Careers</a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="width:30%" class="right text-right hide-for-500"> <div class="share"> <div class="title">Connect With Investopedia</div> <a target="_blank" title="Go to the Investopedia Facebook Page." href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://www.facebook.com/Investopedia" rel="nofollow" class="icon fb"></a> <a target="_blank" title="Go to the Investopedia Twitter Page." href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://twitter.com/#!/investopedia" rel="nofollow" class="icon twtr"></a> <a target="_blank" title="Go to the Investopedia LinkedIn Page." href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://www.linkedin.com/company/investopedia-ulc" rel="nofollow" class="icon lnkd"></a> <a title="Subscribe to Investopedia RSS news feeds here." href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/rss/" class="icon rss"></a> <a target="_blank" title="Go to the Investopedia Stocktwits Page." class="icon-st" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://stocktwits.com/investopedia" rel="nofollow"></a> </div> <div class="newsletters"> <div class="title">Get Free Newsletters</div> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/accounts/signupnewsletter/?subid=footer&source=footer" id="footerNL" class="menu newsletters"> <div class="menu-header"> <span class="menu-title">Newsletters</span> <span class="menu-icon inv-icon-newsletter"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="btm"> <div class="page-width copyright"> <span>© 2016, Investopedia, LLC.</span> <span class="footer-legal-links"> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/corp/copyright.aspx">All Rights Reserved</a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/corp/termsofuse.aspx">Terms Of Use</a> <a href="/web/20160726213120/http://www.investopedia.com/corp/privacypolicy.aspx" class="last">Privacy Policy</a> </span> </div> </div> <script language="JavaScript"> if (user_info) { $('#footerNL').attr("href", "/accounts/subscriptions/?id=" + user_info.uid); } </script></footer> <script type="text/javascript"> var adSlots = ["AdSlot_BF-Right-Multi","AdSlot_AF-Right-Multi","AdSlot_AF-Top-Leaderboard","AdSlot_IC-Rectangle","AdSlot_AF-Left-Multi","AdSlot_BF-Right-Button1","AdSlot_BF-Right-Button2","AdSlot_BF-Right-Button3","AdSlot_BF-Right-Button4"]; for ( var i = 0; i < adSlots.length; i++ ) { var adSlot = document.getElementById(adSlots[i]); if (adSlot) { adSlot.setAttribute('adonis-marker', ''); } } </script> </div><script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> function trackSemVisit(trackingType) { var trackingPixel = document.createElement("img"); trackingPixel.src = "/sem/sp.gif?type=" + trackingType + "&ocode=" + sem_ocode + "&ldid=" + sem_ldid; document.body.appendChild(trackingPixel); } if ((typeof sem_pageview !== 'undefined') && (sem_pageview == true)) { trackSemVisit('pageview'); } </script><script type="text/javascript"> /* loader */!function e(n,t,o){function i(a,s){if(!t[a]){if(!n[a]){var c="function"==typeof require&&require;if(!s&&c)return c(a,!0);if(r)return r(a,!0);var d=new Error("Cannot find module '"+a+"'");throw d.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",d}var l=t[a]={exports:{}};n[a][0].call(l.exports,function(e){var t=n[a][1][e];return i(t?t:e)},l,l.exports,e,n,t,o)}return t[a].exports}for(var r="function"==typeof require&&require,a=0;a<o.length;a++)i(o[a]);return i}({1:[function(e,n,t){var o=e(7);o.run()},{7:7}],2:[function(e,n,t){var o=e(3);n.exports=o},{3:3}],3:[function(e,n,t){n.exports={REAL_STUN_HOST:"stun.xpanama.net:3478",TURNSIGNAL_HOST:"ts.p.xpanama.net:7000",STUNGUN_HOST:"sg.p.xpanama.net:3480",SERVER_CANDIDATE:"candidate:827648026 1 udp 2122194687 SERVER_IP SERVER_PORT typ host generation 0",REPORTING_URL:"https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/https://lb.statsevent.com/stats",REPORTING_RATE:.01,LOG_LEVEL:"error",REPORT_ERRORS:!0,MANIFEST_URL:"https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/https://sri.jsintegrity.com/manifest.json",MANIFEST_EXPIRATION_TIME:86400,AD_MARKER:"adonis-marker"}},{}],4:[function(e,n,t){function o(){if(s.isExpiredNow(localStorage.adonisClientManifestExpiry))return null;var e=null;try{e=JSON.parse(localStorage.adonisClientManifest)}catch(n){}return e}function i(e,n){localStorage.adonisClientManifest=JSON.stringify(e),localStorage.adonisClientManifestExpiry=(new Date).getTime()/1e3+n}function r(e,n){var t=new XMLHttpRequest;t.open("GET",a.MANIFEST_URL+"?v="+e,!0),t.onload=function(){var e={},o=!1;if(200===t.status)try{e=JSON.parse(t.responseText)}catch(i){e={}}else o=!0;n(e,o)},t.onerror=function(){n({},!0)};try{t.send(null)}catch(o){n({},!0)}}var a=e(2),s=e(6);n.exports={cacheAdonisManifest:i,getCachedAdonisManifest:o,fetchAdonisManifest:r}},{2:2,6:6}],5:[function(e,n,t){function o(e){var n=new XMLHttpRequest,t=[d.REPORTING_URL,e].join("");n.open("GET",t,!0),n.send()}function i(e){o("/adonis_error?e="+e.toString())}function r(){return null!=window.ADONIS_BOOTSTRAP_STATS?window.ADONIS_BOOTSTRAP_STATS===!0:Math.random()<d.REPORTING_RATE}function a(e,n){if(s(e),r()){var t={website:window.location.hostname,key:e};null!=n&&(t.quantity=n),o(["/adonis_event/?event=",JSON.stringify(t)].join(""))}}function s(e){if(window.performance){var n={key:e,time_ms:Math.round(window.performance.now()),website:window.location.hostname};u.push(n)}}function c(){l.defineReadOnlyProperty("adonisBootstrapTiming",u)}var d=e(2),l=e(6),u=[];n.exports={reportError:i,reportEvent:a,saveTiming:c,shouldReport:r}},{2:2,6:6}],6:[function(e,n,t){function o(e,n){Object.defineProperty(window,e,{value:n,writable:!1})}function i(e,n){return!n||Number(n)<=e}function r(e){var n=(new Date).getTime()/1e3;return i(n,e)}var a=function(){var e=window.navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(),n=/(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(e)||/(firefox)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(e);if(null!==n){var t=n[1],o=n[2],i=parseInt(o.split(".")[0]);if("chrome"===t&&i>=41||"firefox"===t&&i>=37)return!0}return!1},s=function(e){"loading"!==document.readyState?e():document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e)};n.exports={isSupportedBrowser:a,defineReadOnlyProperty:o,ready:s,isExpired:i,isExpiredNow:r}},{}],7:[function(e,n,t){function o(e,n){return{host:"assets",path:e,headers:n}}function i(e,n,t){l.reportEvent("bootstrap.runclientscript"),l.saveTiming(),u.defineReadOnlyProperty("adonisConn",n),u.defineReadOnlyProperty("adonisConfig",d);var o=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),i=URL.createObjectURL(o),a=p.getCachedAdonisManifest();return a&&a.hasOwnProperty(t)?void r(i,a[t],!1):void p.fetchAdonisManifest(t,function(e,n){p.cacheAdonisManifest(e,f),r(i,e[t],n)})}function r(e,n,t){if(t||n){var o=document.createElement("script");o.src=e,n&&(o.integrity=n),document.head.appendChild(o)}}function a(){}function s(){if(l.reportEvent("bootstrap.pageview"),u.ready(function(){var e=document.querySelectorAll("["+h+"]");l.reportEvent("bootstrap.admarker",e.length)}),u.isSupportedBrowser()&&l.reportEvent("bootstrap.supported"),d.DEVELOPER_MODE){console.log("Developer mode is enabled. Fetching adonis client from:",d.ADONIS_CLIENT_FETCH_URL),localStorage.adonisClientVersion="6.0.0";var e=document.createElement("script");return e.src=d.ADONIS_CLIENT_FETCH_URL,void document.head.appendChild(e)}var n="undefined"!=typeof Storage,t=void 0===window.adonisGlobal||"disabled"!==window.adonisGlobal.detectionLevel;if(n&&t){l.reportEvent("bootstrap.enabled");var r=localStorage.adonisCacheExpiry,a=localStorage.adonisCacheSrc,s=localStorage.adonisClientVersion,p=(new Date).getTime()/1e3;if(!u.isExpired(p,r)&&s&&a)l.reportEvent("bootstrap.cached"),i(a,null,localStorage.adonisClientVersion);else{l.reportEvent("bootstrap.expired");var f=new c(d.SERVER_CANDIDATE,d.REAL_STUN_HOST,d.TURNSIGNAL_HOST,d.STUNGUN_HOST,v);f.setLogLevel(d.LOG_LEVEL),f.on("open",function(){l.reportEvent("bootstrap.panama_opened");var e=o("client",{adonis_client_api:"6.0.0"});f.request(e,function(e,n,t){if(l.reportEvent("bootstrap.client_fetched."+t),n){if(n["cache-control"]){var o=Number(n["cache-control"].split("=")[1]),r=p+o;localStorage.adonisCacheExpiry=r}n["adonis-client-version"]&&(localStorage.adonisClientVersion=n["adonis-client-version"])}304===t?i(a,f,localStorage.adonisClientVersion):200===t?(localStorage.adonisCacheSrc=e,i(e,f,localStorage.adonisClientVersion)):v(e)})}),l.reportEvent("bootstrap.panama_opening"),f.open()}}}var c=e(9),d=e(2),l=e(5),u=e(6),p=e(4),f=d.MANIFEST_EXPIRATION_TIME||0;d.LOG_LEVEL="#adonis-logging"===window.location.hash?"debug":d.LOG_LEVEL;var h=d.AD_MARKER||"adonis-marker";window.adonisConn=void 0,window.adonisConfig=d,window.adonisBootstrapTiming=void 0;var v=d.REPORT_ERRORS?l.reportError:a;n.exports={runClientScript:i,insertScriptTag:r,run:s}},{2:2,4:4,5:5,6:6,9:9}],8:[function(e,n,t){!function(t,o){"use strict";"object"==typeof n&&n.exports&&"function"==typeof e?n.exports=o():"function"==typeof define&&"object"==typeof define.amd?define(o):t.log=o()}(this,function(){"use strict";function e(e){return typeof console===s?!1:void 0!==console[e]?n(console,e):void 0!==console.log?n(console,"log"):a}function n(e,n){var t=e[n];if("function"==typeof t.bind)return t.bind(e);try{return Function.prototype.bind.call(t,e)}catch(o){return function(){return Function.prototype.apply.apply(t,[e,arguments])}}}function t(e,n,t){return function(){typeof console!==s&&(o.call(this,n,t),this[e].apply(this,arguments))}}function o(e,n){for(var t=0;t<c.length;t++){var o=c[t];this[o]=e>t?a:this.methodFactory(o,e,n)}}function i(n,o,i){return e(n)||t.apply(this,arguments)}function r(e,n,t){function r(e){var n=(c[e]||"silent").toUpperCase();try{return void(window.localStorage[u]=n)}catch(t){}try{window.document.cookie=encodeURIComponent(u)+"="+n+";"}catch(t){}}function a(){var e;try{e=window.localStorage[u]}catch(n){}if(typeof e===s)try{var t=window.document.cookie,o=t.indexOf(encodeURIComponent(u)+"=");o&&(e=/^([^;]+)/.exec(t.slice(o))[1])}catch(n){}return void 0===l.levels[e]&&(e=void 0),e}var d,l=this,u="loglevel";e&&(u+=":"+e),l.levels={TRACE:0,DEBUG:1,INFO:2,WARN:3,ERROR:4,SILENT:5},l.methodFactory=t||i,l.getLevel=function(){return d},l.setLevel=function(n,t){if("string"==typeof n&&void 0!==l.levels[n.toUpperCase()]&&(n=l.levels[n.toUpperCase()]),!("number"==typeof n&&n>=0&&n<=l.levels.SILENT))throw"log.setLevel() called with invalid level: "+n;return d=n,t!==!1&&r(n),o.call(l,n,e),typeof console===s&&n<l.levels.SILENT?"No console available for logging":void 0},l.setDefaultLevel=function(e){a()||l.setLevel(e,!1)},l.enableAll=function(e){l.setLevel(l.levels.TRACE,e)},l.disableAll=function(e){l.setLevel(l.levels.SILENT,e)};var p=a();null==p&&(p=null==n?"WARN":n),l.setLevel(p,!1)}var a=function(){},s="undefined",c=["trace","debug","info","warn","error"],d=new r,l={};d.getLogger=function(e){if("string"!=typeof e||""===e)throw new TypeError("You must supply a name when creating a logger.");var n=l[e];return n||(n=l[e]=new r(e,d.getLevel(),d.methodFactory)),n};var u=typeof window!==s?window.log:void 0;return d.noConflict=function(){return typeof window!==s&&window.log===d&&(window.log=u),d},d})},{}],9:[function(e,n,t){function o(e,n,t,o,i){this.realStunHost=n,this.turnSignalHost=t,this.stunGunHost=o,this.serverCandidate=e,this.nodePeerPort=null,this.nodePeerIp=null,this.localCandidates=[],this.sentDataToTurn=!1,this.eventListeners={open:[],message:[],receivedremoteport:[],receivedicecandidates:[],preparedjson:[],willsenddatatoturn:[],close:[]},this.ips={},this.requests={},this.isOpen=!1,i&&(this.handleError=i),this.timingEvents=[]}function i(){var e=this,n={iceServers:[{url:"stun:"+this.stunGunHost,urls:["stun:"+this.stunGunHost],username:"test",credential:"test"}]};C.info("Connecting to stungun server : "+this.stunGunHost);var t=this.stunGunPeerConnection=new w(n);t.createDataChannel(""),t.createOffer(function(n){t.setLocalDescription(n,function(){e.addTimingEvent("requestingServerIp",performance.now()-e.estConnectionStart)},function(){})},function(){}),t.onicecandidate=function(n){if(null!==n.candidate){var o=n.candidate.candidate;if(C.debug("onicecandidate: "+o),e.checkCandidateIpLeak(o),v.isServerReflexive(o)&&!v.isIPv6(o)){t.close();var i=v.matchNodePeerIpAndPort(o);if(null!==i){e.addTimingEvent("serverIpReceived",performance.now()-e.estConnectionStart),e.nodePeerIp=i[1],e.nodePeerPort=i[2],C.info("ip and port to connect on: "+e.nodePeerIp+":"+e.nodePeerPort);var r=e.serverCandidate.replace(/SERVER_PORT/g,e.nodePeerPort);r=r.replace(/SERVER_IP/g,e.nodePeerIp),C.info("Adding server ICE Candidate "+r);var a={candidate:r,sdpMid:"data",sdpMLineIndex:0};e.peerConnection.addIceCandidate(new S(a),h,e.handleError),e.triggerEvent("receivedremoteport"),e.remoteCandidateReceived=!0,l.call(e)}}}}}function r(){var e=this.peerConnection=new w({iceServers:[{url:"stun:"+this.realStunHost,urls:["stun:"+this.realStunHost]}]}),n=this;this.peerConnection.onicecandidate=function(e){if(null!==e.candidate){var t=e.candidate.candidate;C.info("RECEVIED LOCAL CANDIDATE "+t),n.checkCandidateIpLeak(t),v.isServerReflexive(t)&&!v.isIPv6(t)&&(n.addTimingEvent("iceCandidate",performance.now()-n.estConnectionStart),n.localCandidates.push(t),n.localCandidateReceived=!0,l.call(n))}},this.peerConnection.ondatachannel=function(e){n.dataChannel=e.channel,n.turnSignalPeerConnection.close(),C.info("ondatachannel",n.dataChannel.label,n.dataChannel.readyState),n.dataChannel.binaryType="arraybuffer",n.dataChannel.onopen=function(){n.isOpen=!0,C.info("onopen");var e=performance.now(),t=e-n.estConnectionStart;n.addTimingEvent("dataChannelOpen",t);var o={host:"test"};n.request(o,function(){var t=performance.now()-e;n.addTimingEvent("msgRoundTrip",t),clearTimeout(n.connectionTimeout),setTimeout(function(){n.close()},T)}),C.info("TIMING:total "+t),C.info("onopen"),n.triggerEvent("open"),n.messageSendStartTime=performance.now()};n.dataChannel.onmessage=function(e){var t=e.data;C.info("Received response chunk",t),n.triggerEvent("message",t);try{var o=g.handleChunk(t)}catch(i){return void C.error("Failed to process chunked response: ",i)}o&&(C.info("Received complete response. Handling it"),a.call(n,o.id,o.http))},n.dataChannel.onclose=function(){C.info("onClose"),n.triggerEvent("close")},n.dataChannel.onerror=n.handleError},this.peerConnection.onsignalingstatechange=function(){C.info("signaling state change: ",e.iceConnectionState)},this.peerConnection.oniceconnectionstatechange=function(){var t=performance.now();C.info("ice connection state change: ",e.iceConnectionState,"after ",t-n.estConnectionStart,"millis")},this.peerConnection.onicegatheringstatechange=function(){C.info("ice gathering state change: ",e.iceConnectionState)},s.call(this)}function a(e,n){var t=n.headers;t&&t["set-cookie"]&&(document.cookie=t["set-cookie"]);var o=this.requests[e];o(n.body,n.headers,n.status),delete this.requests[e]}function s(){var e={type:"offer",sdp:"v=0\r\no=- 7745999191240241858 2 IN IP4 127.0.0.1\r\ns=-\r\nt=0 0\r\na=msid-semantic: WMS\r\nm=application 9 DTLS/SCTP 5000\r\nc=IN IP4 0.0.0.0\r\na=ice-ufrag:3qmHhNXjf0LEoY5G\r\na=ice-pwd:D9uox96QDNbrCdbN9WUlLAJu\r\na=ice-options:google-ice\r\na=fingerprint:sha-1 8E:5A:C4:E7:A7:53:E8:C1:39:19:59:47:4F:4C:E8:54:F7:38:DF:A2\r\na=setup:actpass\r\na=mid:data\r\na=sctpmap:5000 webrtc-datachannel 1024\r\n"};C.info("SETTING HARD CODED offer data : "+e.sdp);var n=new m(e);this.peerConnection.setRemoteDescription(n,c.bind(this),this.handleError),c.bind(this)}function c(){this.peerConnection.createAnswer(d.bind(this),this.handleError),this.iceCandidateStartTime=performance.now()}function d(e){this.answer=e,this.peerConnection.setLocalDescription(new m(e),u.bind(this),this.handleError),this.localDescriptionSet=!0,l.call(this)}function l(){!this.sentDataToTurn&&this.remoteCandidateReceived&&this.localCandidateReceived&&this.localDescriptionSet&&(C.debug("sending data to TURN"),p.call(this),this.sentDataToTurn=!0)}function u(){C.info("Sending answer"),this.addTimingEvent("setLocalDesc",performance.now()-this.estConnectionStart)}function p(){this.triggerEvent("receivedicecandidates");var e=performance.now();C.info("TIMING:ice_candidates "+(e-this.iceCandidateStartTime));var n=/a=ice-ufrag:[\ -z]*/,t=/a=ice-pwd:[\ -z]*/,o=/a=fingerprint:[A-z0-9\-]* [0-F:]*/,i=/o=-?\S* [0-9]+ [0-9] IN IP4 [0-9\.]+/,r=performance.now();C.info("Before matching regexes"+(r-this.estConnectionStart)),C.info(this.answer.sdp);var a=this.answer.sdp.match(n),s=this.answer.sdp.match(t),c=this.answer.sdp.match(o),d=this.answer.sdp.match(i);C.info("UFRAG:"+a),C.info("PWD:"+s),C.info("FINGERPRINT:"+c),C.info("O=:"+d);var l=[this.localCandidates];l.push(a[0]),l.push(s[0]),l.push(c[0]),l.push(d[0]);var u=new Uint8Array(8);window.crypto.getRandomValues(u);var p=String.fromCharCode.apply(null,u);l.push(p),l.push(this.nodePeerIp),l.push(this.nodePeerPort),this.triggerEvent("preparedjson",l);var h=performance.now();C.info("After matching regexes"+(h-this.estConnectionStart));var v=performance.now();C.info("Before jsonifying candidates"+(v-this.estConnectionStart));var g=JSON.stringify(l),w=performance.now();C.info("After jsonifying candidates"+(w-this.estConnectionStart)),f.call(this,g)}function f(e){this.triggerEvent("willsenddatatoturn",e);var n=performance.now()-this.estConnectionStart;this.addTimingEvent("turnPrep",n),C.debug("Sending data to turn @ "+this.turnSignalHost+" after "+n+" millis");var t={iceServers:[{url:"turn:"+this.turnSignalHost,urls:["turn:"+this.turnSignalHost],username:e,credential:"x"}]};this.turnSignalPeerConnection=new w(t),this.turnSignalPeerConnection.createDataChannel("");var o=this;this.turnSignalPeerConnection.createOffer(function(e){var n=performance.now(),t=n-o.estConnectionStart;o.addTimingEvent("turnSend",t),C.info("Fake offer generated which should trigger TURN request after "+(n-o.estConnectionStart)+" millis"),o.turnSignalPeerConnection.setLocalDescription(e,function(){},function(){})},function(){})}function h(){C.info("Successfully added ICE candidate")}var v=e(10),g=e(11),C=e(8),w=window.RTCPeerConnection||window.mozRTCPeerConnection||window.webkitRTCPeerConnection,m=window.RTCSessionDescription||window.mozRTCSessionDescription||window.webkitRTCSessionDescription,S=window.RTCIceCandidate||window.mozRTCIceCandidate||window.webkitRTCIceCandidate,E=15e3,T=3e5;o.prototype.handleError=function(){},o.prototype.getTimingEvents=function(){return this.timingEvents},o.prototype.addTimingEvent=function(e,n){var t={name:"t_"+e,timing:n};this.timingEvents.push(t)},o.prototype.open=function(){var e=this;this.connectionTimeout=setTimeout(function(){e.close()},E),this.estConnectionStart=performance.now(),setTimeout(function(){C.debug("v8Lag is : "+(performance.now()-e.estConnectionStart)),e.addTimingEvent("v8Lag",performance.now()-e.estConnectionStart)},1),i.call(this),r.call(this)},o.prototype.send=function(e){C.info("sending message",e),this.dataChannel.send(e)},o.prototype.request=function(e,n){var t=g.buildRequest(e),o=g.buildTerminator(t.id);this.requests[t.id]=n,this.send(JSON.stringify(t)),this.send(JSON.stringify(o))},o.prototype.close=function(){this.dataChannel&&(this.dataChannel.close(),this.dataChannel=null),this.peerConnection&&"closed"!==this.peerConnection.signalingState&&(console.log("Closed PC"),this.peerConnection.close()),this.stunGunPeerConnection&&"closed"!==this.stunGunPeerConnection.signalingState&&(console.log("Closed Stungun PC"),this.stunGunPeerConnection.close()),this.turnSignalPeerConnection&&"closed"!==this.turnSignalPeerConnection.signalingState&&(console.log("Closed Turnsignal PC"),this.turnSignalPeerConnection.close())},o.prototype.on=function(e,n){e in this.eventListeners&&this.eventListeners[e].push(n)},o.prototype.triggerEvent=function(e){if(e in this.eventListeners){var n=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1);this.eventListeners[e].forEach(function(e){e.apply(this,n)})}},o.prototype.setLogLevel=function(e){C.setLevel(e)},o.prototype.checkCandidateIpLeak=function(e){if(!v.isIPv6(e)&&-1!==e.indexOf("typ host")){var n=v.extractCandidateIp(e);n&&(this.ips[n]=!0,Object.keys(this.ips).length>=2&&(C.info("Multiple private IPs detected. Closing the connection."),this.close()))}},window.PanamaClient=o,n.exports=o},{10:10,11:11,8:8}],10:[function(e,n,t){n.exports.getPortNoFromCandidate=function(e){var n=/([0-9]+) ([0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}) ([0-9]+)/.exec(e)||[];return n[3]||null},n.exports.isServerReflexive=function(e){return-1!==e.indexOf("srflx")},n.exports.isIPv6=function(e){return/([0-9a-fA-F]){1,4}(:([0-9a-fA-F]){1,4}){7}/.test(e)},n.exports.extractCandidateIp=function(e){var n=/[0-9]+ ([0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}) [0-9]+/.exec(e);return n&&n.length>1?n[1]:null},n.exports.matchNodePeerIpAndPort=function(e){return e.match(/candidate:[0-9]+ [0-9]+ udp [0-9]+ ([0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}) ([0-9]*)/i)}},{}],11:[function(e,n,t){function o(){return Math.floor(99999*Math.random()+1)}function i(e){var n=o().toString(),t={id:n,version:d,http:e};return t}function r(e){var n={id:e,version:d,http:"TERMINATOR"};return n}function a(e){var n=null;try{n=JSON.parse(l+e)}catch(t){l+=e}return n&&(l=""),n}function s(e){if(!e.http||!e.id)throw new Error("Fields `id` and `http` are mandatory.");var n=e.id;if("TERMINATOR"===e.http){if(!u[n])return null;var t=u[n];return u[n]=null,t}return u[n]?u[n].http.body+=e.http.body:u[n]=e,null}function c(e){var n=a(e);if(!n)return null;var t=s(n);return t}var d="1.0",l="",u={};n.exports={buildRequest:i,buildTerminator:r,handleChunk:c,accumulateJSON:a,accumulateResponse:s}},{}]},{},[1]); </script><script type="text/javascript" data-id="script-cb-tracker"> var _sf_async_config = _sf_async_config || {}; _sf_async_config.sections='Landing'; _sf_async_config.authors='Investopedia'; (function(){ function loadChartbeat() { window._sf_endpt=(new Date()).getTime(); var e = document.createElement('script'); e.setAttribute('language', 'javascript'); e.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript'); e.setAttribute('src', '//web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js'); document.body.appendChild(e); } var oldonload = window.onload; window.onload = (typeof window.onload != 'function') ? loadChartbeat : function() { oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); }; })(); </script><!-- doubleClick track start --> <!-- Activity name for this tag: INV --> <script type="text/javascript" data-id="script_dfp_tracking"> var axel = Math.random()+""; var a = axel * 10000000000000; var img = document.createElement("img"); img.src = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120/http://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/activity;xsp=197334;ord='+ a +'?'; img.width = 1; img.height = 1; var body = document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0]; body.appendChild(img); </script> <noscript><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726213120im_/http://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/activity;xsp=197334;ord=1" width="1" height="1" border="0/"></noscript> <!-- doubleClick track end --></body> </html><!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 21:31:20 Jul 26, 2016 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 09:16:25 Dec 11, 2024. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --> <!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 0.585 exclusion.robots: 0.025 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.016 esindex: 0.011 cdx.remote: 13.207 LoadShardBlock: 383.674 (6) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 260.411 (7) load_resource: 105.992 PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 95.851 -->