CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134e6509df3ab43',cH: 'ie._Vi4hT7hv7_TR3Yujx8xFiKU7bQNWqbQo2g.v9A8-1739786104-1.2.1.1-SbDk_O_leWFuYCOsFQWLeGchJpCaR8lgZO6xapBQ8x0xy7JjSULvwGbCNHLETGRN',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=database%20construction&__cf_chl_tk=BjSnk_Hbz3Ji8fPwWz8j73RZfxc4YrUNznRhkJphJo8-1739786104-1.0.1.1-EiK4YkwutQVBf1yPNBT3IAbY7t28w6ulUby67pMw6GY",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786104',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=database%20construction&__cf_chl_f_tk=BjSnk_Hbz3Ji8fPwWz8j73RZfxc4YrUNznRhkJphJo8-1739786104-1.0.1.1-EiK4YkwutQVBf1yPNBT3IAbY7t28w6ulUby67pMw6GY",md: "4UfQUFDVFZx..BfwWazU.WzdDxb25YrW976dKTQ9j3U-1739786104-1.2.1.1-Ie1OC2MWP5AI3Z6muYHRmLv6xgKv8T.x37OKq3lYbfRZjxghgwQ1NR.UCacMwlKZXHaWUV8.D8CEp5HJdCHK1ElKNKZdqm_7z3DUvbaJE26K7bgVIwLZacP1PWq_XlMNPdJN81VbohlL96L6uWqfx1vh.nd4qmT5OhFf8n.6Ez0zgmGA2AIDxZYBcKdH3HTYJmgYT3Ircrm22yDvFqjyJg74cCLkHQ5hzOMBFgUf7hyFPYEFFCLG_H2eSRQ4Pz0oX81EeLwo8PIXfBBJbopeFm_2CID6nLqWNSff68dxs95RuIeMwwIi2BdauftG3CWOLjwXsjCWExW1Yi4rfoAhsW9ieSpuEX.58B_d83yaoWjRyKQQlcocdxPNEQeO4atOLfVopTjvuKUfQp3e1re9kBdf_pClBDJKsrTT5r30Q_x7SBnoCI0uPQk0DWHQeeWdx3bbwX8CFHOn7_sIdd4cl4goOTDnv8D3r3dWACFcp4p18BT8H8oD1.sdZfPA0BNJlUdNSf1Ug9DbrFOW.wvc390cpB6DdyoRDh7DgThUMGBzX_QMMS5MiPYieeo4HarUUir7SRQN50nIURdAEHPnWLeIEk7uUQTMgXPe1ED8iYkz0Z02VRDGfPaA.KowskISt4kq5rUvakdwLlf0lrv.odtEjl3QrfnewthJIj.KMLFLjkWau6tWiaGtDCtAM1p.jdA_DxhQhNM9NUjVvTx9WSnvA0fRiQQQACVOcEWjAOAHwpBlHOiJmd1cXrTfeNHJDgyU_XjeWQcAdoXZwBu_o5j7ePELCqhwg8JAvbiMMnMOZGIEd2kmlJrotOEo5PZvViGNWXOJ33hMhWtdj_FdB9cOiuP8rrZWptJA5gf7w56uRsJOxnwEE5lKrr.eqnvV0DI.9gu_jA2XRm8RNF_z5F_cVkAOPzfsG_vtU6WHUAdSE0CjD.FTN2xgK8oxA0fdtpc9FBfXN2yAf1MltTE1fvYHu0qE0_T.DJoob.q4Z08Wq7kVejJwGYoodA.NAgblhDCL2U.t6l.A7qtpvA7u3hTR6lscLNC2GYStFrCceseDCJfgS.LD5z8VJU7VRinwCfwyQsijrpTKtizNCLr.RWgVry685HLyRyPBphkcJjn94xyS_EKvvuftcAewJ.NpfstUDBeY4lpnPQF8en1ksaBEB4SnJAe3ZWY0HDY97JFkECJO4Mm1.EDhjqSSTHtdOzygQWovsZ82vl3A6SFl4hKu01qU0F.nIAIlxz4lK5YnQCug.RrNBdmZ9oMQIOp8ZzkFVzCWDls9aHi1Wt8XDz788Z9T2Hbi3h4OWk0Dz6lUWqcV6W8NFwMuKdLxKbUkZ2oWd7Zo3RewPjA8woB5GAW8Aj89MNQBUX4vU5CmMQsLw1kVecCAFf16MwTsP569vOlEGmep6LEeWyZg0Llfs602vxvPSfRFfv5AVdDTfl2zHv5y1xwDpuaOM8ScieghbozTYDqZOFHKqhgCvTiriQNyFEnqtxYb3adXPWxQ7Oj0O8itLG5r936N_oWqzoCV4eKS1x9PTaN71bGmSIhAtKpURKux3BK5YH.HmBW6GtVvKFVOynLo06480wlyjp_oJOe5iNBaa_yqR6wghSyKGc1hIs75vGBPKTx.tJVk9FcQEitQxI529eWvoZT4JgoGwjK43wwpjTJikUZ.lpB.0C_9oCSl3Z6Zb.oAAPKo4Zdu.7YeTko6T5Unk2mPTzAgLPbE6BcnXWMPuMFXeJ9UZfcz0LeOI3YK0QO.umpwiw_O4YcnQWnP.4nwta3lKUs6UBpjIjWvt7d4bzl2dq7tZ1bNs2ZWebc9bhF4mUhw6F9ZQ2lH.w4Eh6Ov4HR8dZbshEHfK.lZ_ZuLo2Y.FbvGwT04bQk2hYTUd..1.DM7Bcp1etx.RKXphRszx23Q113FXIeIaJ.8kGEcbrV79kBmxysmemsQWcWT0hondy1guV6qn8kDhmdCc0i9RwGzBxqj",mdrd: "LwlrspEyPZkkNkdk1S5oe4xPgkaktHq_Io3XO8CUCDE-1739786104-1.2.1.1-D6GtThwNa7gRtFzf5fpNVc6YqWbLmrU_zYe2OCA8ikZTjwbnLUI5Ut3MSl07LBAfnyvairODYNa8fpECDzFloNSKqeZzU5BySufWzXCd0G66FkLyviiFmU8X1QwWmy0dLk94zlxGn7GLDOAF0OwdD6p2.DvDqNiMeEyEXUcWnvXBa7z4ljWc1lHrhLMt6GlyakKRctf9E8nFvHGmYSrTaRKKGxDqZWwQUbWqeelv90tlURdIzOQpqHg09HPkK7XhtkpGptH0mqfKjnIfQD6nRdh4OTi7ZQKDYueZF6.WkXtc4e7z6xflB6M7pNGZ.DU_jpBXdwR2DX1kKexbrD.l4zrcC48puTJabS0HGBfosvfPC7kc4RFtrNQBdYnS8LiDZffp4dUUDjRZO315UDmmDzq.YRzIng4EQCxUjMVXF1muTriNsnrWwWy5ykIikAD3oMUHSIbbOAQntp1BLFjbO7RGDG863wXc6jo2RFy8PM94d079gOHlVyp0fYfqEeSzQUxjOCmd3PKoYR5sRoA_Ye8aQKAvOfUvPj_vKQkcVS89kgBagIhc1rvOhXdNL5Fc1WE_kH.dMjI1ZYDRH40hsHY0eeZ4L6XT6cukX00lpr4qaF6mp4Nelo1R4ikSAFnGBXDw4meV.34RsQ6GZWQ7UGgvvlMcjwpkF3g3rSagdWUX84VXorp6YN5Ucqtmj6tLXqg0BR1gFAYveg4vg2wPoxASUVZ5BsBJO_wowe0JpGllWGmYJQhKFO5B3ee3GLzpTwK3oOGTqic8UFp5DN0PBjsYRY0CAEgHb3u4AlvLzrwtQbqQS5f2q.IGsZiQFluhK3kgiT.AJHw8X13VK18FPXQPXUrfOUaJgtLs3IIj7MqBiOR_X_.ygOigOhrjE4.eE5SxdM5HuUKYYLKyG4t3FNFMRrULDbSQ9vA8L3qsW.DHRIn2ndZthIM7x4RVQbw2vR3.A.XIElpPncPpG6pdOD0ab5gh3wMoDKlc8ylHnBkbPHXqAeLGoCe5zOmd1Euz6iUCFPBsPg89SnJAMjcYdScW6OFDO8YryVHWpzzIVi_8NEL4zW3.9OVku6Deeu87gDMsVAz7oWghnGF2.N77yrVdNLo.iteoGL.zdyp25L63hRGXPkHln9telX3s4hW_XxWN2B_MnX4kJC8tIb0dxZZA46Z.e_yB4DW7UhovkFGg3tXCvSpSOoxtmA6DKKORDZAftJbnsUYAo67uPHx0XIjIZJ8vm5ZsN79wRxVyg8n21.srmjWKiRapgnw21NB.cjoy2MxWGKWUfi4.rQfizVkK0_HlxHXwKGiJ1.VU1nIvjlM7szHQJ5fsJUa.CKOUdE_fGs3T55yoBLq55uMUe1d2u9h6nDkHj1Mz6.W7wAvs6Q7Viy1ua4OUtbhzEAnwbp4ymBNwVk4s.fIFasCz7wv0j0.dKuL4J3kwIfaImglltN9fUuoJ.WMaYdGBMvbQ9UVQ5duIRuSSr.7.x_mdbTdlcTGVJgvpdD8NNz5z.miWeWrAcYtNcSKO7N1HffzAYj8zLlic7VWPzBt1ALlfI_0ENQcURDsLh3GHgFMrv9WWx73rB2vyei0m5lVg1O8bV_3FheYbrEh.dgldgR4BPWfa35Hlly7SxAirGmqjsuSH1zjbin5j.FAllSjcAbZz0H3i4jYoYbOujF_XG3T2.BiRCcGue_w7AElWmn_.4SfigSW9oHir6TtDkrOz4GtrFgmS4oJwgpzxJC3qzf3MB8qWzo8Mlmxk6Hj_wPjfC8B5b88jm2XyUk3SPMkEn736OLeVNGXghTLdGYQrxwMxdxq3d3pfxxqDQsQihUcbHX0pSKA6rCfp.7CbYUUMYSN3ExBBmVNI.BWVEvTbYnqrX4yQYRJaHi4dLCBiPMKsKuM9eOzIfS.KR.zetkP71Tk4HCwIy_NswJK9YX98A8T6uPHgIOs3S2pT.Pn__AeYVqTSl76pMNzr3wBsddCPju4P"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134e6509df3ab43';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=database%20construction&__cf_chl_rt_tk=BjSnk_Hbz3Ji8fPwWz8j73RZfxc4YrUNznRhkJphJo8-1739786104-1.0.1.1-EiK4YkwutQVBf1yPNBT3IAbY7t28w6ulUby67pMw6GY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>