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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nucleated red blood cell</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritroblast" title="Eritroblast – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Eritroblast" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erytroblast" title="Erytroblast – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Erytroblast" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%81%CF%85%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Ερυθροβλάστης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ερυθροβλάστης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Red blood cell with a cell nucleus</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nucleated_red_cells.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nucleated_red_cells.jpg/220px-Nucleated_red_cells.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nucleated_red_cells.jpg/330px-Nucleated_red_cells.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nucleated_red_cells.jpg/440px-Nucleated_red_cells.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A human <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_blood_smear" class="mw-redirect" title="Peripheral blood smear">peripheral blood smear</a>; NRBCs are visible as larger cells with dark centers.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>nucleated red blood cell</b> (<b>NRBC</b>), also known by <a href="#Nomenclature">several other names</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/Red_blood_cell" title="Red blood cell">red blood cell</a> that contains a <a href="/wiki/Cell_nucleus" title="Cell nucleus">cell nucleus</a>. Almost all <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrate</a> organisms have <a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin" title="Hemoglobin">hemoglobin</a>-containing cells in their blood, and with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>, all of these red blood cells are nucleated.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mammals, NRBCs occur in normal development as <a href="/wiki/Progenitor_cell" title="Progenitor cell">precursors</a> to mature red blood cells in <a href="/wiki/Erythropoiesis" title="Erythropoiesis">erythropoiesis</a>, the process by which the body produces red blood cells. </p><p>NRBCs are normally found in the <a href="/wiki/Bone_marrow" title="Bone marrow">bone marrow</a> of humans of all ages and in the blood of <a href="/wiki/Fetus" title="Fetus">fetuses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infant" title="Infant">newborn infants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Greer2018_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greer2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kottke2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kottke2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After infancy, RBCs normally contain a nucleus only during the very early stages of the cell's life, and the nucleus is ejected as a normal part of <a href="/wiki/Cellular_differentiation" title="Cellular differentiation">cellular differentiation</a> before the cell is released into the bloodstream. The presence of circulating NRBCs in adults occurs in situations of hematopoietic stress such as severe infection, massive hemorrhage, marrow infiltration, or extramedullary hematopoiesis.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That is, if NRBCs are identified on an adult's <a href="/wiki/Complete_blood_count" title="Complete blood count">complete blood count</a> or <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_blood_smear" class="mw-redirect" title="Peripheral blood smear">peripheral blood smear</a>, it suggests that there is a very high demand for the <a href="/wiki/Bone_marrow" title="Bone marrow">bone marrow</a> to produce RBCs, and immature RBCs are being released into circulation. Possible <a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">pathologic</a> causes include <a href="/wiki/Anemia" title="Anemia">anemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myelofibrosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Myelofibrosis">myelofibrosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thalassemia" title="Thalassemia">thalassemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miliary_tuberculosis" title="Miliary tuberculosis">miliary tuberculosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cancers" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancers">cancers</a> involving bone marrow (<a href="/wiki/Myeloma" class="mw-redirect" title="Myeloma">myelomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leukemia" title="Leukemia">leukemias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lymphoma" title="Lymphoma">lymphomas</a>), and in chronic <a href="/wiki/Hypoxemia" title="Hypoxemia">hypoxemia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nucleated_red_blood_cell&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Normocyte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Normocyte.jpg/220px-Normocyte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Normocyte.jpg/330px-Normocyte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Normocyte.jpg/440px-Normocyte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1141" data-file-height="1464" /></a><figcaption>Normocyte, Giemsa stain</figcaption></figure> <p>Several names are used for nucleated RBCs—<b>erythroblast</b>, <b>normoblast</b>, and <b>megaloblast</b>—with one minor variation in <a href="/wiki/Word_sense" title="Word sense">word sense</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dorlands_erythroblast_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorlands_erythroblast-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dorlands_normoblast_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorlands_normoblast-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dorlands_megaloblast_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorlands_megaloblast-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MeshName_megaloblast_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MeshName_megaloblast-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name <i>normoblast</i> always refers to normal, healthy cells that are the immediate precursors of normal, healthy, mature (anucleate) RBCs. The name <i>megaloblast</i> always refers to abnormally developed precursors. Often the name <i>erythroblast</i> is used <a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">synonymously</a> with <i>normoblast</i>, but at other times it is considered a <a href="/wiki/Hyponymy_and_hypernymy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyponymy and hypernymy">hypernym</a>. In the latter <a href="/wiki/Word_sense" title="Word sense">sense</a>, there are two types of erythroblasts: normoblasts as cells that develop as expected, and megaloblasts as unusually large erythroblasts that are associated with illness. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Healthy_development">Healthy development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nucleated_red_blood_cell&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Healthy development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are four stages in the normal development of a normoblast.: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Illustration</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Image </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proerythroblast.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Proerythroblast.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="90" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pronormoblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Pronormoblast">Pronormoblast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Basophilic_erythroblast.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Basophilic_erythroblast.png" decoding="async" width="93" height="82" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="93" data-file-height="82" /></a></span></td> <td>Basophilic normoblast</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prorubricyte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Prorubricyte.jpg/130px-Prorubricyte.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Prorubricyte.jpg/195px-Prorubricyte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Prorubricyte.jpg/260px-Prorubricyte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="1048" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polychromatic_erythroblast.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Polychromatic_erythroblast.png" decoding="async" width="79" height="72" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="79" data-file-height="72" /></a></span></td> <td>Polychromatic normoblast (also <i>polychromatophilic</i>)</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubricyte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Rubricyte.jpg/130px-Rubricyte.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Rubricyte.jpg/195px-Rubricyte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Rubricyte.jpg/260px-Rubricyte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="756" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orthochromatic_erythroblast.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Orthochromatic_erythroblast.png" decoding="async" width="69" height="73" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="73" /></a></span></td> <td>Orthochromatic normoblast (also <i>orthochromatophilic</i>)</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Metarubricyte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Metarubricyte.jpg/130px-Metarubricyte.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Metarubricyte.jpg/195px-Metarubricyte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Metarubricyte.jpg/260px-Metarubricyte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="417" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pathogenesis">Pathogenesis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nucleated_red_blood_cell&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pathogenesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A megaloblast is an unusually large erythroblast that can be associated with <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">vitamin B<sub>12</sub></a> deficiency (caused by <a href="/wiki/Pernicious_anemia" title="Pernicious anemia">pernicious anemia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_deficiency" title="Vitamin deficiency">dietary insufficiency</a>), <a href="/wiki/Folic_acid_deficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Folic acid deficiency">folic acid deficiency</a>, or both (such <a href="/wiki/Anemia" title="Anemia">anemias</a> are collectively called <a href="/wiki/Megaloblastic_anemia" title="Megaloblastic anemia">megaloblastic anemias</a>). This kind of anemia leads to macrocytes (abnormally large red cells) and the condition called <a href="/wiki/Macrocytosis" title="Macrocytosis">macrocytosis</a>. The cause of this cellular gigantism is an impairment in <a href="/wiki/DNA_replication" title="DNA replication">DNA replication</a> that delays nuclear maturation and <a href="/wiki/Cell_division" title="Cell division">cell division</a>. Because <a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cytoplasm" title="Cytoplasm">cytoplasmic</a> elements are synthesized at a constant rate despite the cells' impaired DNA synthesis, the cells show nuclear-cytoplasmic asynchrony. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nucleated_red_blood_cell&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Illu_blood_cell_lineage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Blood cell lineage"><img alt="Blood cell lineage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Illu_blood_cell_lineage.jpg/120px-Illu_blood_cell_lineage.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Illu_blood_cell_lineage.jpg/180px-Illu_blood_cell_lineage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Illu_blood_cell_lineage.jpg/240px-Illu_blood_cell_lineage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Blood cell lineage</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hematopoiesis_(human)_diagram_en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hematopoiesis"><img alt="Hematopoiesis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram_en.svg/120px-Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram_en.svg/180px-Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram_en.svg/240px-Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1405" data-file-height="1092" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hematopoiesis</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nucleated_red_blood_cell&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erythropoiesis" title="Erythropoiesis">Erythropoiesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haematopoiesis" title="Haematopoiesis">Haematopoiesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell" title="Hematopoietic stem cell">Hematopoietic stem cell</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nucleated_red_blood_cell&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHartenstein2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hartenstein, V (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://materiais.dbio.uevora.pt/BD/Diferenciacao/Hemacytoblast.pdf">"Blood cells and blood cell development in the animal kingdom"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol</i>. <b>22</b>: 677–712. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.cellbio.22.010605.093317">10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010605.093317</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16824014">16824014</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annu+Rev+Cell+Dev+Biol&rft.atitle=Blood+cells+and+blood+cell+development+in+the+animal+kingdom.&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=677-712&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.cellbio.22.010605.093317&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16824014&rft.aulast=Hartenstein&rft.aufirst=V&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmateriais.dbio.uevora.pt%2FBD%2FDiferenciacao%2FHemacytoblast.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANucleated+red+blood+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greer2018-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Greer2018_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreerArberGladerList2018" class="citation book cs1">Greer, JP; Arber, DA; Glader, BE; List, AF; Means, RM; Rodgers, GM (19 November 2018). "Chapter 1: Examination of the Blood and Bone Marrow, sec. "Nucleated Red Blood Cell Counts"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lIiADwAAQBAJ&pg=PT139"><i>Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology</i></a> (14th ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4963-6713-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4963-6713-6"><bdi>978-1-4963-6713-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+1%3A+Examination+of+the+Blood+and+Bone+Marrow%2C+sec.+%22Nucleated+Red+Blood+Cell+Counts%22&rft.btitle=Wintrobe%27s+Clinical+Hematology&rft.edition=14th&rft.pub=Wolters+Kluwer+Health&rft.date=2018-11-19&rft.isbn=978-1-4963-6713-6&rft.aulast=Greer&rft.aufirst=JP&rft.au=Arber%2C+DA&rft.au=Glader%2C+BE&rft.au=List%2C+AF&rft.au=Means%2C+RM&rft.au=Rodgers%2C+GM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlIiADwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANucleated+red+blood+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kottke2012-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kottke2012_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKottke-MarchantDavis2012" class="citation book cs1">Kottke-Marchant, K; Davis, B (6 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dlZDhbXDuOQC"><i>Laboratory Hematology Practice</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 294. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-9857-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-9857-1"><bdi>978-1-4443-9857-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laboratory+Hematology+Practice&rft.pages=294&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012-06-06&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-9857-1&rft.aulast=Kottke-Marchant&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Davis%2C+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdlZDhbXDuOQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANucleated+red+blood+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShehata2020" class="citation journal cs1">Shehata, Amira M.F. (2020-09-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mmj.eg.net/article.asp?issn=1110-2098;year=2020;volume=33;issue=3;spage=949;epage=955;aulast=Shehata">"Clinical significance of nucleated red blood cell count in pediatric patients with transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia"</a>. <i>Menoufia Medical Journal</i>. <b>33</b> (3): 949–955.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Menoufia+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Clinical+significance+of+nucleated+red+blood+cell+count+in+pediatric+patients+with+transfusion-dependent+beta+thalassemia&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=949-955&rft.date=2020-09-30&rft.aulast=Shehata&rft.aufirst=Amira+M.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mmj.eg.net%2Farticle.asp%3Fissn%3D1110-2098%3Byear%3D2020%3Bvolume%3D33%3Bissue%3D3%3Bspage%3D949%3Bepage%3D955%3Baulast%3DShehata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANucleated+red+blood+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/blood-smear/details/">Blood Smear: Details on RBCs, WBCs</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dorlands_erythroblast-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dorlands_erythroblast_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628224336/http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/three/000036740.htm">"Erythroblast"</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Dorland%27s_medical_reference_works" title="Dorland's medical reference works">Dorland's Medical Dictionary</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dorlands_normoblast-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dorlands_normoblast_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628224336/http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/six/000073142.htm">"Normoblast"</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Dorland%27s_medical_reference_works" title="Dorland's medical reference works">Dorland's Medical Dictionary</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dorlands_megaloblast-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dorlands_megaloblast_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628224336/http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/five/000064034.htm">"Megaloblast"</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Dorland%27s_medical_reference_works" title="Dorland's medical reference works">Dorland's Medical Dictionary</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MeshName_megaloblast-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MeshName_megaloblast_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Normoblasts">Normoblasts</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nucleated_red_blood_cell&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/hematology/HessEDD/BenignHematologicDisorders/normal-hematopoietic-cells/Pronormoblast.cfm">Pronormoblasts</a> Presented by the University of Virginia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/hematology/HessEDD/BenignHematologicDisorders/normal-hematopoietic-cells/Basophilic-Normoblast.cfm">Basophilic Normoblasts</a> Presented by the University of Virginia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/hematology/HessEDD/BenignHematologicDisorders/normal-hematopoietic-cells/Polychromatophilic-Normoblast.cfm">Polychromatophilic Normoblasts</a> Presented by the University of Virginia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/hematology/HessEDD/BenignHematologicDisorders/normal-hematopoietic-cells/Orthochromatic-Normoblast.cfm">Orthochromatic Normoblasts</a> Presented by the University of Virginia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bu.edu/phpbin/medlib/histology/p/01804loa.htm">Histology image: 01804loa</a> – Histology Learning System at Boston University - "Bone Marrow and Hemopoiesis bone marrow smear, erythroblast series with proerythroblast "</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061112031246/http://www.medicine.uiowa.edu/anatomy/dental/genhisto/GHMAC/unit12/_xii-08.html">Histology at uiowa.edu</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Myeloid_blood_cells_and_plasma" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Myeloid_blood_cells_and_plasma" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Myeloid blood cells and plasma"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Myeloid_blood_cells_and_plasma" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Myeloid blood cells and <a href="/wiki/Blood_plasma" title="Blood plasma">plasma</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haematopoiesis" title="Haematopoiesis">Hematopoiesis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Myelopoiesis(CFU-GEMM)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Myelopoiesis" title="Myelopoiesis">Myelopoiesis</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/CFU-GEMM" title="CFU-GEMM">CFU-GEMM</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CFU-GM" title="CFU-GM">CFU-GM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Granulopoiesis" title="Granulopoiesis">Granulopoiesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myeloblast" title="Myeloblast">Myeloblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promyelocyte" title="Promyelocyte">Promyelocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myelocyte" title="Myelocyte">Myelocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamyelocyte" title="Metamyelocyte">Metamyelocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_cell" title="Band cell">Band cell</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monocytopoiesis" title="Monocytopoiesis">Monocytopoiesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monoblast" title="Monoblast">Monoblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promonocyte" title="Promonocyte">Promonocyte</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Megakaryocyte%E2%80%93erythroid_progenitor_cell" title="Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cell">MEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thrombopoiesis" title="Thrombopoiesis">Thrombopoiesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megakaryoblast" title="Megakaryoblast">Megakaryoblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promegakaryocyte" title="Promegakaryocyte">Promegakaryocyte</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erythropoiesis" title="Erythropoiesis">Erythropoiesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proerythroblast" title="Proerythroblast">Proerythroblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normoblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Normoblast">Normoblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticulocyte" title="Reticulocyte">Reticulocyte</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extramedullary_hematopoiesis" title="Extramedullary hematopoiesis">Extramedullary hematopoiesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Myeloid_tissue" title="Myeloid tissue">Myeloid tissue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte" title="Granulocyte">Granulocytes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myeloblast" title="Myeloblast">Myeloblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_cell" title="Band cell">Band cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrophil" title="Neutrophil">Neutrophil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basophil" title="Basophil">Basophil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CFU-Baso" title="CFU-Baso">CFU-Baso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eosinophil" title="Eosinophil">Eosinophil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CFU-Eos" title="CFU-Eos">CFU-Eos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mast_cell" title="Mast cell">Mast cell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CFU-Mast" title="CFU-Mast">CFU-Mast</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monocyte" title="Monocyte">Monocytes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macrophage" title="Macrophage">Macrophages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Histiocyte" title="Histiocyte">Histiocytes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupffer_cell" title="Kupffer cell">Kupffer cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_macrophage" title="Alveolar macrophage">Alveolar macrophage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microglia" title="Microglia">Microglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoclast" title="Osteoclast">Osteoclasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithelioid_cell" title="Epithelioid cell">Epithelioid cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_cell" title="Giant cell">giant cells</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langhans_giant_cell" title="Langhans giant cell">Langhans giant cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign-body_giant_cell" title="Foreign-body giant cell">Foreign-body giant cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touton_giant_cell" title="Touton giant cell">Touton giant cells</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Antigen-presenting cells <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dendritic_cell" title="Dendritic cell">Dendritic cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langerhans_cell" title="Langerhans cell">Langerhans cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFU-DL" title="CFU-DL">CFU-DL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoblast" title="Monoblast">Monoblast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mononuclear_phagocyte_system" title="Mononuclear phagocyte system">MPS</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Platelet" title="Platelet">Platelets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CFU-Meg" title="CFU-Meg">CFU-Meg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megakaryoblast" title="Megakaryoblast">Megakaryoblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promegakaryocyte" title="Promegakaryocyte">Promegakaryocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megakaryocyte" title="Megakaryocyte">Megakaryocyte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red_blood_cell" title="Red blood cell">Red blood cells</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reticulocyte" title="Reticulocyte">Reticulocyte</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nucleated red blood cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFU-E" title="CFU-E">CFU-E</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immune response</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leukocyte_extravasation" title="Leukocyte extravasation">Leukocyte extravasation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phagocytosis" title="Phagocytosis">Phagocytosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrinsic_immunity" title="Intrinsic immunity">Intrinsic immunity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Precursor cells <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CFU-GM" title="CFU-GM">CFU-GM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megakaryocyte%E2%80%93erythroid_progenitor_cell" title="Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cell">Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFU-GEMM" title="CFU-GEMM">CFU-GEMM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myelomonocyte" title="Myelomonocyte">Myelomonocyte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phagocyte" title="Phagocyte">Phagocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_plasma" title="Blood plasma">Plasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hematopoietic system">Hematopoietic system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell" title="Hematopoietic stem cell">Hematopoietic stem cell</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Myeloid_blood_cells_and_plasma" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Myeloid_blood_cells_and_plasma" title="Template:Myeloid blood cells and plasma"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Myeloid_blood_cells_and_plasma" title="Template talk:Myeloid blood cells and plasma"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Myeloid_blood_cells_and_plasma" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Myeloid blood cells and plasma"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Myeloid_blood_cells_and_plasma" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Myeloid blood cells and <a href="/wiki/Blood_plasma" title="Blood plasma">plasma</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haematopoiesis" title="Haematopoiesis">Hematopoiesis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Myelopoiesis(CFU-GEMM)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Myelopoiesis" title="Myelopoiesis">Myelopoiesis</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/CFU-GEMM" title="CFU-GEMM">CFU-GEMM</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CFU-GM" title="CFU-GM">CFU-GM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Granulopoiesis" title="Granulopoiesis">Granulopoiesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myeloblast" title="Myeloblast">Myeloblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promyelocyte" title="Promyelocyte">Promyelocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myelocyte" title="Myelocyte">Myelocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamyelocyte" title="Metamyelocyte">Metamyelocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_cell" title="Band cell">Band cell</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monocytopoiesis" title="Monocytopoiesis">Monocytopoiesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monoblast" title="Monoblast">Monoblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promonocyte" title="Promonocyte">Promonocyte</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Megakaryocyte%E2%80%93erythroid_progenitor_cell" title="Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cell">MEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thrombopoiesis" title="Thrombopoiesis">Thrombopoiesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megakaryoblast" title="Megakaryoblast">Megakaryoblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promegakaryocyte" title="Promegakaryocyte">Promegakaryocyte</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erythropoiesis" title="Erythropoiesis">Erythropoiesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proerythroblast" title="Proerythroblast">Proerythroblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normoblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Normoblast">Normoblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticulocyte" title="Reticulocyte">Reticulocyte</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extramedullary_hematopoiesis" title="Extramedullary hematopoiesis">Extramedullary hematopoiesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Myeloid_tissue" title="Myeloid tissue">Myeloid tissue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte" title="Granulocyte">Granulocytes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myeloblast" title="Myeloblast">Myeloblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_cell" title="Band cell">Band cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrophil" title="Neutrophil">Neutrophil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basophil" title="Basophil">Basophil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CFU-Baso" title="CFU-Baso">CFU-Baso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eosinophil" title="Eosinophil">Eosinophil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CFU-Eos" title="CFU-Eos">CFU-Eos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mast_cell" title="Mast cell">Mast cell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CFU-Mast" title="CFU-Mast">CFU-Mast</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monocyte" title="Monocyte">Monocytes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macrophage" title="Macrophage">Macrophages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Histiocyte" title="Histiocyte">Histiocytes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupffer_cell" title="Kupffer cell">Kupffer cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_macrophage" title="Alveolar macrophage">Alveolar macrophage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microglia" title="Microglia">Microglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoclast" title="Osteoclast">Osteoclasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithelioid_cell" title="Epithelioid cell">Epithelioid cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_cell" title="Giant cell">giant cells</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langhans_giant_cell" title="Langhans giant cell">Langhans giant cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign-body_giant_cell" title="Foreign-body giant cell">Foreign-body giant cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touton_giant_cell" title="Touton giant cell">Touton giant cells</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Antigen-presenting cells <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dendritic_cell" title="Dendritic cell">Dendritic cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langerhans_cell" title="Langerhans cell">Langerhans cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFU-DL" title="CFU-DL">CFU-DL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoblast" title="Monoblast">Monoblast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mononuclear_phagocyte_system" title="Mononuclear phagocyte system">MPS</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Platelet" title="Platelet">Platelets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CFU-Meg" title="CFU-Meg">CFU-Meg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megakaryoblast" title="Megakaryoblast">Megakaryoblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promegakaryocyte" title="Promegakaryocyte">Promegakaryocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megakaryocyte" title="Megakaryocyte">Megakaryocyte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red_blood_cell" title="Red blood cell">Red blood cells</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reticulocyte" title="Reticulocyte">Reticulocyte</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nucleated red blood cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFU-E" title="CFU-E">CFU-E</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immune response</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leukocyte_extravasation" title="Leukocyte extravasation">Leukocyte extravasation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phagocytosis" title="Phagocytosis">Phagocytosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrinsic_immunity" title="Intrinsic immunity">Intrinsic immunity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Precursor cells <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CFU-GM" title="CFU-GM">CFU-GM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megakaryocyte%E2%80%93erythroid_progenitor_cell" title="Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cell">Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFU-GEMM" title="CFU-GEMM">CFU-GEMM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myelomonocyte" title="Myelomonocyte">Myelomonocyte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phagocyte" title="Phagocyte">Phagocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_plasma" title="Blood plasma">Plasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hematopoietic system">Hematopoietic system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell" title="Hematopoietic stem cell">Hematopoietic stem cell</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nucleated_red_blood_cell&oldid=1240222196">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nucleated_red_blood_cell&oldid=1240222196</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_cells" title="Category:Human cells">Human cells</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Blood_cells" title="Category:Blood cells">Blood cells</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: 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