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<span>Testing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Testing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Launch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Launch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FAST" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FAST"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>FAST</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FAST-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mission status</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mission_status-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mission status subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mission_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Extended_mission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extended_mission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Extended mission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extended_mission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ARTEMIS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ARTEMIS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>ARTEMIS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ARTEMIS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instruments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instruments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Instruments</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Instruments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Instruments subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aboard_the_spacecraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aboard_the_spacecraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Aboard the spacecraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aboard_the_spacecraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ground_based" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ground_based"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Ground based</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ground_based-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Research results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Research_results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Research results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Research_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lists_of_relevant_topics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lists_of_relevant_topics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Lists of relevant topics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lists_of_relevant_topics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_relevant_spacecraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_relevant_spacecraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Other relevant spacecraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_relevant_spacecraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="THEMIS" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="THEMIS" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="THEMIS" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="THEMIS" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_History_of_Events_and_Macroscale_Interactions_during_Substorms" title="Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="THEMIS" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%A4_%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1" title="테미스 위성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테미스 위성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="THEMIS" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="THEMIS" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS_(satelliti)" title="THEMIS (satelliti) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="THEMIS (satelliti)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A1_(%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D)" title="תמיס (סדרת לוויינים) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תמיס (סדרת לוויינים)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="THEMIS" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS_m%C5%B1holdak" title="THEMIS műholdak – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="THEMIS műholdak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="THEMIS" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B9_(%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F)" title="テミス (人工衛星) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テミス (人工衛星)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS_(satelity)" title="THEMIS (satelity) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="THEMIS (satelity)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="THEMIS" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="THEMIS" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="THEMIS" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="THEMIS" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_History_of_Events_and_Macroscale_Interactions_during_Substorms" title="Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="THEMIS" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="THEMIS" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="西弥斯卫星 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西弥斯卫星" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q837500#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about NASA satellites. For the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter camera system, see <a href="/wiki/Thermal_Emission_Imaging_System" title="Thermal Emission Imaging System">Thermal Emission Imaging System</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Themis_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Themis (disambiguation)">Themis (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"ARTEMIS" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/ARTEMIS_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="ARTEMIS (disambiguation)">ARTEMIS (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">THEMIS</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Five_Themis_satellites_seen_from_above.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Five_Themis_satellites_seen_from_above.jpg/300px-Five_Themis_satellites_seen_from_above.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Five_Themis_satellites_seen_from_above.jpg/450px-Five_Themis_satellites_seen_from_above.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Five_Themis_satellites_seen_from_above.jpg/600px-Five_Themis_satellites_seen_from_above.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Five THEMIS satellites</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Names</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Explorer 85 - THEMIS-A - THEMIS-P5 - MIDEX-5A<br />* Explorer 86 - THEMIS-B (ARTEMIS-P1) - THEMIS-P1 - MIDEX-5B<br />* Explorer 87 - THEMIS-C (ARTEMIS-P2) - THEMIS-P2 - MIDEX-5C<br />* Explorer 88 - THEMIS-D - THEMIS-P3 - MIDEX-5D<br />* Explorer 89 - THEMIS-E - THEMIS-P4 - MIDEX-5E</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Magnetosphere" title="Magnetosphere">Magnetospheric research</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2007-004 (A, B, C, D, E)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">30580, 30581, 30582, 30583, 30584</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://themis.igpp.ucla.edu/">http://themis.igpp.ucla.edu/</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">Planned: 2 years <br /> Elapsed: 17 years, 9 months and 5 days</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft</th><td class="infobox-data">Explorer LXXXV</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft type</th><td class="infobox-data">Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_bus" title="Satellite bus">Bus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">THEMIS</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swales_Aerospace" title="Swales Aerospace">Swales Aerospace</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">126 kg (each)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Power</th><td class="infobox-data">37 <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watts</a> (each)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">17 February 2007, 23:01:00 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II 7925-10C</a> (Delta 323)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Space Force Station">Cape Canaveral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Launch_Complex_17" title="Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 17">SLC-17B</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contractor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Defense,_Space_%26_Security" title="Boeing Defense, Space & Security">Boeing Defense, Space & Security</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entered service</th><td class="infobox-data">4 December 2007</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">Geocentric orbit</a><sup id="cite_ref-Trajectory_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trajectory-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regime</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Highly_Elliptical_Orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Highly Elliptical Orbit">Highly Elliptical Orbit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Perigee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">470 km (290 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Apogee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">87,330 km (54,260 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16.00°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1870.00 minutes</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Instruments</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Electric Field Instruments (EFI)<br />Electrostatic Analyzer (ESA)<br />Fluxgate magnetometer (FGM)<br />Search-coil magnetometer (SCM)<br />Solid State Telescope (SST)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:THEMIS_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/THEMIS_logo.png/200px-THEMIS_logo.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/THEMIS_logo.png/300px-THEMIS_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/THEMIS_logo.png/400px-THEMIS_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="2934" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><br />THEMIS mission patch <div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid"><b>Explorer program</b></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory">Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory</a> (Explorer 84)</div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Aeronomy_of_Ice_in_the_Mesosphere" title="Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere">AIM</a> (Explorer 90) →</div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms</b> (<b>THEMIS</b>) mission began in February 2007 as a constellation of five <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> satellites (THEMIS-A through THEMIS-E) to study energy releases from <a href="/wiki/Magnetosphere" title="Magnetosphere">Earth's magnetosphere</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Substorm" title="Substorm">substorms</a>, magnetic phenomena that intensify <a href="/wiki/Aurora_(astronomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurora (astronomy)">auroras</a> near <a href="/wiki/Polar_regions_of_Earth" title="Polar regions of Earth">Earth's poles</a>. The name of the mission is an <a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">acronym</a> alluding to the <a href="/wiki/Titan_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan (mythology)">Titan</a> <a href="/wiki/Themis" title="Themis">Themis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three of the satellites orbit the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> within the magnetosphere, while two have been moved into orbit around the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>. Those two were renamed <b>ARTEMIS</b> for <b>Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun</b>. THEMIS-B became ARTEMIS-P1 and THEMIS-C became ARTEMIS-P2.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ARTEMIS-P1 and -P2 together comprise the <b>THEMIS-ARTEMIS</b> mission.<sup id="cite_ref-THEMIS-ARTEMIS_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THEMIS-ARTEMIS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The THEMIS satellites were launched 17 February 2007 from <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Launch_Complex_17" title="Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 17">SLC-17B</a> aboard a <a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II</a> <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SFN_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFN-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each satellite carries five identical instruments, including a <a href="/wiki/Fluxgate_magnetometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluxgate magnetometer">fluxgate magnetometer</a> (FGM), an <a href="/wiki/Electrostatic_analyzer" title="Electrostatic analyzer">electrostatic analyzer</a> (ESA), a solid state telescope (SST), a <a href="/wiki/Search-coil_magnetometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Search-coil magnetometer">search-coil magnetometer</a> (SCM) and an electric field instrument (EFI). Each probe has a mass of 126 kg (278 lb), including 49 kg (108 lb) of <a href="/wiki/Hydrazine" title="Hydrazine">hydrazine</a> fuel.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>THEMIS data can be accessed using the <a href="/wiki/SPEDAS" title="SPEDAS">SPEDAS</a> software. Canada, Austria, Germany, and France also contributed to the mission. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spacecraft">Spacecraft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=THEMIS&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Spacecraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Swales_Aerospace" title="Swales Aerospace">Swales Aerospace</a>, now part of <a href="/wiki/Orbital_ATK" title="Orbital ATK">Orbital ATK</a> which is now part of <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beltsville,_Maryland" title="Beltsville, Maryland">Beltsville, Maryland</a>, manufactured all five probes for this mission. Each was built-up and tested at the Beltsville facility, before being delivered to <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> for instrument integration. Swales was responsible for integrating the BAU, IRU, Solar arrays, antenna, battery, and other components necessary for functionality. This was the second major satellite built by Swales, the first being the <a href="/wiki/Earth_Observing-1" title="Earth Observing-1">Earth Observing-1</a> (EO-1) spacecraft, which continues to orbit Earth. Swales was also responsible for designing and building the Electrical Ground Support Equipment (EGSE) used for monitoring the probes during all phases of pre-launch activities, including use at the launch site. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Testing">Testing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=THEMIS&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Testing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the installation of instruments at SSL, Berkeley, pre-launch testing including thermal-vacuum, vibration and acoustic tests, was conducted at NASA's <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, California</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Launch">Launch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=THEMIS&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Launch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clouds_of_smoke_around_the_323rd_Delta_rocket_on_launch_pad_17B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Clouds_of_smoke_around_the_323rd_Delta_rocket_on_launch_pad_17B.jpg/220px-Clouds_of_smoke_around_the_323rd_Delta_rocket_on_launch_pad_17B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Clouds_of_smoke_around_the_323rd_Delta_rocket_on_launch_pad_17B.jpg/330px-Clouds_of_smoke_around_the_323rd_Delta_rocket_on_launch_pad_17B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Clouds_of_smoke_around_the_323rd_Delta_rocket_on_launch_pad_17B.jpg/440px-Clouds_of_smoke_around_the_323rd_Delta_rocket_on_launch_pad_17B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1968" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The launch of THEMIS atop the <a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II</a> 7925-10C launch vehicle, at SLC-17B, Cape Canaveral</figcaption></figure> <p>THEMIS was originally scheduled to launch on 19 October 2006. Owing to delays caused by workmanship problems with Delta II second stages — an issue that also affected the previous mission, <a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> — the THEMIS launch was delayed to 15 February 2007. Due to weather conditions occurring on 13 February 2007, fueling of the second stage was delayed, and the launch pushed back 24 hours. On 16 February 2007, the launch was scrubbed in a hold at the T-4 minute point in the countdown due to the final weather balloon reporting a red, or no-go condition for upper-level winds. A 24-hour turnaround procedure was initiated, targeting a new launch window between 23:01 and 23:17 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a> on 17 February 2007. </p><p>Favorable weather conditions were observed on 17 February 2007, and the countdown proceeded smoothly. THEMIS successfully launched at 23:01:00 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>. The spacecraft separated from the launch vehicle approximately 73 minutes after liftoff. By 03:07 UTC, on 18 February, mission operators at the <a href="/wiki/Space_Sciences_Laboratory" title="Space Sciences Laboratory">Space Sciences Laboratory</a> (SSL) of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, commanded and received signals from all five spacecraft, confirming nominal separation status. </p><p>The launch service was provided by the <a href="/wiki/United_Launch_Alliance" title="United Launch Alliance">United Launch Alliance</a> through the NASA <a href="/wiki/Launch_Services_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch Services Program">Launch Services Program</a> (LSP). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="FAST">FAST</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=THEMIS&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: FAST"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Fast_Auroral_SnapshoT_Explorer" title="Fast Auroral SnapshoT Explorer">Fast Auroral SnapshoT Explorer</a> (FAST) mission supported THEMIS in 2008 and 2009 before being retired.<sup id="cite_ref-epon_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epon-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FAST was a <a href="/wiki/Small_Explorer_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Explorer program">Small Explorer program</a> (SMEX) mission launched in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-epon_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epon-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_status">Mission status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=THEMIS&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mission status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 15 February 2007 until 15 September 2007, the five THEMIS satellites coasted in a string-of-pearls orbital configuration. From 15 September until 4 December 2007, the satellites were moved to more distant orbits in preparation for data collection in the magnetotail. This phase of the mission was called the "Dawn Phase" because the satellites' orbits were in <a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">apogee</a> on the dawn side of the magnetosphere. On 4 December 2007, the first tail science phase of the mission began. In this segment of the mission scientists will collect data from the magnetotail of the Earth's magnetosphere. During this phase the satellites' orbits are in apogee inside the magnetotail. The scientists hope to observe substorms and magnetic reconnection events. During these events charged particles stored in the Earth's magnetosphere are discharged to form the <a href="/wiki/Aurora_borealis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurora borealis">aurora borealis</a>. Tail science is performed in the winter of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_hemisphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern hemisphere">northern hemisphere</a> because the ground magnetometers that Themis scientists correlate the satellite data with have relatively longer periods of night. During the night, observations are not interrupted by charged particles from the Sun.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, THEMIS "found evidence of magnetic ropes connecting Earth's <a href="/wiki/Upper_atmosphere" title="Upper atmosphere">upper atmosphere</a> directly to the Sun", reconfirming the theory of solar-terrestrial electrical interaction (via "<a href="/wiki/Birkeland_current" title="Birkeland current">Birkeland currents</a>" or "field-aligned currents") proposed by <a href="/wiki/Kristian_Birkeland" title="Kristian Birkeland">Kristian Birkeland</a> circa 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA also likened the interaction to a "30 kiloVolt battery in space", noting the "flux rope pumps 650,000 Ampere current into the Arctic!"<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 February 2008, THEMIS probes were able to determine, for the first time, the triggering event for the onset of magnetospheric substorms.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two of the five probes, positioned approximately one third the distance to the Moon, measured events suggesting a <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_reconnection" title="Magnetic reconnection">magnetic reconnection</a> event 96 seconds prior to Auroral intensification.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vassilis_Angelopoulos" title="Vassilis Angelopoulos">Vassilis Angelopoulos</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a>, who is the principal investigator for the THEMIS mission, claimed, "Our data show clearly and for the first time that magnetic reconnection is the trigger".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>THEMIS images and multimedia</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:THEMIS.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="THEMIS in orbit."><img alt="THEMIS in orbit." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/THEMIS.jpg/150px-THEMIS.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/THEMIS.jpg/225px-THEMIS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/THEMIS.jpg/300px-THEMIS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">THEMIS in orbit.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FluxRopes(BatteryInSpace).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="THEMIS discovered a flux rope pumping a 650,000 Amp current into the Arctic."><img alt="THEMIS discovered a flux rope pumping a 650,000 Amp current into the Arctic." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/02/FluxRopes%28BatteryInSpace%29.jpg/150px-FluxRopes%28BatteryInSpace%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/02/FluxRopes%28BatteryInSpace%29.jpg/225px-FluxRopes%28BatteryInSpace%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/02/FluxRopes%28BatteryInSpace%29.jpg/300px-FluxRopes%28BatteryInSpace%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="258" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">THEMIS discovered a flux rope pumping a 650,000 Amp current into the Arctic.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/THEMIS_discovers_holes_in_Earth%27s_solar_shield.ogv/150px--THEMIS_discovers_holes_in_Earth%27s_solar_shield.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" height="84" data-durationhint="27" data-mwtitle="THEMIS_discovers_holes_in_Earth's_solar_shield.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/THEMIS_discovers_holes_in_Earth%27s_solar_shield.ogv/THEMIS_discovers_holes_in_Earth%27s_solar_shield.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/THEMIS_discovers_holes_in_Earth%27s_solar_shield.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/THEMIS_discovers_holes_in_Earth%27s_solar_shield.ogv/THEMIS_discovers_holes_in_Earth%27s_solar_shield.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">THEMIS discovered that Earth's magnetic field often develops two holes that allow leaks of solar particles.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:THEMIS_main_orbits.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="This illustration depicts the individual orbits of NASA's THEMIS spacecraft."><img alt="This illustration depicts the individual orbits of NASA's THEMIS spacecraft." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/THEMIS_main_orbits.jpg/150px-THEMIS_main_orbits.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/THEMIS_main_orbits.jpg/225px-THEMIS_main_orbits.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/THEMIS_main_orbits.jpg/300px-THEMIS_main_orbits.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">This illustration depicts the individual orbits of NASA's THEMIS spacecraft.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extended_mission">Extended mission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=THEMIS&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Extended mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 19 May 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Space_Sciences_Laboratory" title="Space Sciences Laboratory">Space Sciences Laboratory</a> (SSL) at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> announced NASA had extended the THEMIS mission to the year 2012. NASA officially approved the movement of THEMIS-B and THEMIS-C into <a href="/wiki/Lunar_orbit" title="Lunar orbit">lunar orbit</a> under the mission name "<a href="/wiki/ARTEMIS" class="mw-redirect" title="ARTEMIS">ARTEMIS</a>" (Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun), which was revised to "THEMIS-ARTEMIS" in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-THEMIS-ARTEMIS_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THEMIS-ARTEMIS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2017, THEMIS celebrated ten years of science operations. As of August 2017, the three THEMIS inner probes continue to collect valuable data on the Sun's interaction with the Earth's magnetosphere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ARTEMIS">ARTEMIS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=THEMIS&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: ARTEMIS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis program</a>, a NASA attempt to return humans to the Moon by 2025, or the <a href="/wiki/European_Geostationary_Navigation_Overlay_Service" title="European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service">European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service</a> satellite ARTEMIS..</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"ARTEMIS" redirects here. For other topics, see <a href="/wiki/Artemis_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Artemis (disambiguation)">Artemis (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ARTEMIS_mission.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/ARTEMIS_mission.jpg/220px-ARTEMIS_mission.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/ARTEMIS_mission.jpg/330px-ARTEMIS_mission.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/ARTEMIS_mission.jpg/440px-ARTEMIS_mission.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1427" data-file-height="803" /></a><figcaption>ARTEMIS probes in lunar orbit</figcaption></figure> <p>In early 2010, <b>ARTEMIS-P1</b> (THEMIS-B) performed two lunar flybys and one Earth flyby, and approached insertion into a <a href="/wiki/Lissajous_orbit" title="Lissajous orbit">Lissajous orbit</a> around a lunar <a href="/wiki/Lagrange_point" title="Lagrange point">Lagrange point</a>. Lunar orbit insertion was targeted for April 2011. <b>ARTEMIS-P2</b> (THEMIS-C) completed a lunar flyby and was on the inbound leg of the first of three deep space excursions on its way to a Lissajous orbit and was targeted for lunar orbit in April 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 22 June 2011, ARTEMIS-P1 began firing its thrusters to move out of its kidney-shaped libration orbit on one side of the Moon, where it had been since January 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 July 2011 at 16:30 UTC, ARTEMIS-P1 entered lunar orbit. The second spacecraft, ARTEMIS-P2, moved into lunar orbit on 17 July 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along the way, the two spacecraft were the first to achieve orbit around the Moon's Lagrange points.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA2_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of October 2019, both lunar probes are in stable orbits, and are expected to remain operational for a long time.<sup id="cite_ref-THEMIS-ARTEMIS_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THEMIS-ARTEMIS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:816px;max-width:816px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Animation of THEMIS-B</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Geocentric_orbit.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Geocentric_orbit.gif/200px-Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Geocentric_orbit.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Geocentric_orbit.gif/300px-Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Geocentric_orbit.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Geocentric_orbit.gif/400px-Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Geocentric_orbit.gif 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Geocentric orbit phase</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Trans-lunar_injection.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Trans-lunar_injection.gif/200px-Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Trans-lunar_injection.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Trans-lunar_injection.gif/300px-Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Trans-lunar_injection.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Trans-lunar_injection.gif/400px-Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Trans-lunar_injection.gif 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Trans-lunar injection phase</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Lissajous_orbit.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Lissajous_orbit.gif/200px-Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Lissajous_orbit.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Lissajous_orbit.gif/300px-Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Lissajous_orbit.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Lissajous_orbit.gif/400px-Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Lissajous_orbit.gif 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Lissajous orbit phase</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Selenocentric_orbit.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Selenocentric_orbit.gif/200px-Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Selenocentric_orbit.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Selenocentric_orbit.gif/300px-Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Selenocentric_orbit.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Selenocentric_orbit.gif/400px-Animation_of_THEMIS-B_trajectory_-_Selenocentric_orbit.gif 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Selenocentric orbit phase</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:magenta; color:black;"> </span> THEMIS-B</span> <b>·</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:RoyalBlue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a></span> <b>·</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></span></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instruments">Instruments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=THEMIS&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Instruments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aboard_the_spacecraft">Aboard the spacecraft</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=THEMIS&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Aboard the spacecraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Digital Fields Board (DFB): uses a <a href="/wiki/Field-programmable_gate_array" title="Field-programmable gate array">Field-programmable gate array</a> (FPGA) to perform configurable on-board band pass processing and <a href="/wiki/Fast_Fourier_transform" title="Fast Fourier transform">Fast Fourier transform</a> (FFT) on instrument data</li> <li>Electric Field Instruments (EFI): is designed and built to sense the electric field in Earth's ever-changing magnetosphere</li> <li>Electrostatic Analyzer (ESA): measures thermal electrons and ions to identify and track high-speed flows through the magnetotail and identify pressure pulses</li> <li>Fluxgate magnetometer (FGM): measures the background magnetic field to identify and time the abrupt reconfigurations of the magnetosphere during substorm onset, contributed by the German Aerospace Center and the Austrian Space Agency<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Instrument Data Processing Unit (IDPU): houses most of the electronics for the instruments on the THEMIS spacecraft</li> <li>Search-coil magnetometer (SCM): measures low frequency magnetic field fluctuations and waves in three directions in Earth's magnetosphere, built by the <i>Centre d'étude des Environnements Terrestres et Planétaire</i> (CETP) and <i><a href="/wiki/French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research" title="French National Centre for Scientific Research">Centre national de la recherche scientifique</a></i> (CNRS)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Solid State Telescope (SST): measures energetic particle distribution functions</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ground_based">Ground based</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=THEMIS&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ground based"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the satellites monitor the magnetosphere from orbit, twenty <a href="/wiki/Ground_station" title="Ground station">ground stations</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> simultaneously monitor <a href="/wiki/Aurora_(astronomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurora (astronomy)">auroras</a>. Ground station mission and science operations are being managed by the University of California's <a href="/wiki/Space_Sciences_Laboratory" title="Space Sciences Laboratory">Space Sciences Laboratory</a>. </p> <ul><li>Ground-Based All-Sky Imager (ASI) Array: ground-based All-Sky Imager (ASI) array observes the aurora over the Northern American continent from Canada to Alaska in order to determine where and when the auroral substorm onset occurs.</li> <li>Ground-Based Magnetometer (GMAG) Array: GMAG Measures changes in Earth's magnetic field near Earth's surface due to substorm onset to help determine the timing of substorm events.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_results">Research results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=THEMIS&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Research results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The THEMIS instruments have been used to track whistler-mode chorus waves during can persist in periods of low geomagnetic activity.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lists_of_relevant_topics">Lists of relevant topics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=THEMIS&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Lists of relevant topics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Solar_System_probes" title="List of active Solar System probes">List of active Solar System probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heliophysics_missions" title="List of heliophysics missions">List of heliophysics missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_objects_at_Lagrangian_points" class="mw-redirect" title="List of objects at Lagrangian points">List of objects at Lagrangian points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_probes" title="List of Solar System probes">List of Solar System probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_space_telescopes" title="List of space telescopes">List of space telescopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Solar_System_exploration" title="Timeline of Solar System exploration">Timeline of Solar System exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPEDAS" title="SPEDAS">SPEDAS software for space physics data</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_relevant_spacecraft">Other relevant spacecraft</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=THEMIS&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other relevant spacecraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Composition_Explorer" title="Advanced Composition Explorer">Advanced Composition Explorer</a> (ACE), launched in 1997, still operational.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini–Huygens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_flight_V88" title="Ariane flight V88">Cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Star_(satellite)" title="Double Star (satellite)">Double Star</a> launched on Cluster.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios_(spacecraft)" title="Helios (spacecraft)">Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a> (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging), launched in 2004, impacted on Mercury on 30 April 2015.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Allen_Probes" title="Van Allen Probes">Van Allen Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">Solar Dynamics Observatory</a> (SDO), launched in 2010, still operational.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">Solar and Heliospheric Observatory</a> (SOHO), launched in 1995, still operational.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Maximum_Mission" title="Solar Maximum Mission">Solar Maximum Mission</a> (SMM), launched in 1980, decommissioned 1989.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> (SOLO), launched in 2020.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Solar_Probe" title="Parker Solar Probe">Parker Solar Probe</a>, launched in 2018.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> (Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory), launched in 2006, still operational.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_Region_and_Coronal_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Transition Region and Coronal Explorer">Transition Region and Coronal Explorer</a> (TRACE), launched in 1998, decommissioned 2010.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)">Ulysses</a>, launched in 1990, decommissioned 2009.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)">WIND</a>, launched in 1994, still operational.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELFIN" title="ELFIN">ELFIN</a> (Electron Losses and Fields INvestigation), launched in 2018.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=THEMIS&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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.citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/in-depth/">"ARTEMIS (THEMIS)"</a>. NASA's Solar System Exploration website<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ARTEMIS+%28THEMIS%29&rft.pub=NASA%27s+Solar+System+Exploration+website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fartemis%2Fin-depth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATHEMIS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trajectory-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Trajectory_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=2007-004A">"Trajectory: THEMIS-A (Explorer 85) 2007-004A"</a>. NASA. 28 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trajectory%3A+THEMIS-A+%28Explorer+85%29+2007-004A&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2021-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fnmc%2Fspacecraft%2FdisplayTrajectory.action%3Fid%3D2007-004A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATHEMIS" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NASA_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/themis/main/index.html">"THEMIS (Explorer 85)"</a>. NASA. 28 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THEMIS+%28Explorer+85%29&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2021-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fthemis%2Fmain%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATHEMIS" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips" class="citation web cs1">Phillips, Tony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110918103827/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/dead-walking.html">"Dead Spacecraft Walking"</a>. <i>ARTEMIS mission site</i>. NASA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/dead-walking.html">the original</a> on 18 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Pittsburg.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Preliminary+Trajectory+Design+for+the+ARTEMIS+Lunar+Mission&rft.place=Pittsburg&rft.series=09-382&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Broschart&rft.aufirst=S.+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.igpp.ucla.edu%2Fpublic%2FTHEMIS%2FSCI%2FPubs%2Fartemis%2Fbroschart_etal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATHEMIS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earth.esa.int/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/t/themis">"THEMIS - eoPortal Directory - Satellite Missions"</a>. <i>earth.esa.int</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=earth.esa.int&rft.atitle=THEMIS+-+eoPortal+Directory+-+Satellite+Missions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearth.esa.int%2Fweb%2Feoportal%2Fsatellite-missions%2Ft%2Fthemis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATHEMIS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiThorneAngelopoulosBortnik2009" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wen_Li_(space_physicist)" title="Wen Li (space physicist)">Li, Wen</a>; Thorne, R. M.; Angelopoulos, V.; Bortnik, J.; Cully, C. M.; Ni, B.; LeContel, O.; Roux, A.; Auster, U.; Magnes, W. (7 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2009GL037595">"Global distribution of whistler-mode chorus waves observed on the THEMIS spacecraft"</a>. <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>. <b>36</b> (9): L09104. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009GeoRL..36.9104L">2009GeoRL..36.9104L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2009GL037595">10.1029/2009GL037595</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:120391902">120391902</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Global+distribution+of+whistler-mode+chorus+waves+observed+on+the+THEMIS+spacecraft&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=L09104&rft.date=2009-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A120391902%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F2009GL037595&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009GeoRL..36.9104L&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Wen&rft.au=Thorne%2C+R.+M.&rft.au=Angelopoulos%2C+V.&rft.au=Bortnik%2C+J.&rft.au=Cully%2C+C.+M.&rft.au=Ni%2C+B.&rft.au=LeContel%2C+O.&rft.au=Roux%2C+A.&rft.au=Auster%2C+U.&rft.au=Magnes%2C+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1029%252F2009GL037595&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATHEMIS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiBortnikThorneAngelopoulos2011" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wen_Li_(space_physicist)" title="Wen Li (space physicist)">Li, Wen</a>; Bortnik, J.; Thorne, R. M.; Angelopoulos, V. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2011JA017035">"Global distribution of wave amplitudes and wave normal angles of chorus waves using THEMIS wave observations"</a>. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics</i>. <b>116</b> (A12). <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JGRA..11612205L">2011JGRA..11612205L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2011JA017035">10.1029/2011JA017035</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2156-2202">2156-2202</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%3A+Space+Physics&rft.atitle=Global+distribution+of+wave+amplitudes+and+wave+normal+angles+of+chorus+waves+using+THEMIS+wave+observations&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=A12&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=2156-2202&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F2011JA017035&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011JGRA..11612205L&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Wen&rft.au=Bortnik%2C+J.&rft.au=Thorne%2C+R.+M.&rft.au=Angelopoulos%2C+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1029%252F2011JA017035&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATHEMIS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=THEMIS&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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href="http://themis.ssl.berkeley.edu/index.shtml">THEMIS mission page (UCB)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070802044340/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?MCode=THEMIS">THEMIS Mission Profile</a> by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov">NASA's Solar System Exploration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=19421">Space Ref news release</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210212234307/http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=19421">Archived</a> 12 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aurora.phys.ucalgary.ca/themis/themis_main.html">Canadian Ground-based observatory web page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berkeley.edu/news/berkeleyan/2007/02/21_launch.shtml">Berkeleyan Launch Coverage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707145253/http://www.antdevco.com/ADC-0601291440%20Spacecraft%20Antenna%20%26%20Hats%20Catalog.pdf">See page 8 in this document for antenna reference</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lists.ssl.berkeley.edu/mailman/listinfo">THEMIS email lists</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190819190751/https://lists.ssl.berkeley.edu/mailman/listinfo">Archived</a> 19 August 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moon_spacecraft" title="Template:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moon_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Moon_spacecraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spacecraft_missions_to_the_Moon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">Spacecraft missions</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon" title="Exploration of the Moon">Exploration</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">Chang'e</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISRO" title="ISRO">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Japanese Lunar Exploration Program">Japanese Lunar Exploration Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Aerospace_Research_Institute" title="Korea Aerospace Research Institute">South Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs" title="Soviet crewed lunar programs">Crewed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_programme" title="Luna programme">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Active<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#ARTEMIS">ARTEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE" title="CAPSTONE">CAPSTONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a> Orbiter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a> (service module)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao 1</a> (relay satellite at <a href="/wiki/Lagrange_point#L2" title="Lagrange point">L<sub>2</sub></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">Tiandu-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICUBE-Q" title="ICUBE-Q">ICUBE-Q</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Landers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Rovers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Flybys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArgoMoon" title="ArgoMoon">ArgoMoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Past<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed landings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">List of Apollo astronauts</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10">10</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_I" title="Artemis I">Artemis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Chandrayaan-3</a> (propulsion module)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_(spacecraft)" title="Clementine (spacecraft)">Clementine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_35" title="Explorer 35">Explorer 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_49" title="Explorer 49">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiten_(spacecraft)" title="Hiten (spacecraft)">Hiten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_10" title="Luna 10">Luna 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_11" title="Luna 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_12" title="Luna 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_14" title="Luna 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_19" title="Luna 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_22" title="Luna 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_1" title="Lunar Orbiter 1">Lunar Orbiter 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_2" title="Lunar Orbiter 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_3" title="Lunar Orbiter 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_4" title="Lunar Orbiter 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_5" title="Lunar Orbiter 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Prospector" title="Lunar Prospector">Lunar Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15#Lunar_subsatellite" title="Apollo 15">PFS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16#Lunar_subsatellite_PFS-2" title="Apollo 16">PFS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1">SMART-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_that_impacted_the_Moon" title="Category:Spacecraft that impacted the Moon">Impactors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LCROSS" title="LCROSS">LCROSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_2" title="Luna 2">Luna 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Impact_Probe" title="Moon Impact Probe">Moon Impact Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_4" title="Ranger 4">Ranger 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_6" title="Ranger 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_7" title="Ranger 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_8" title="Ranger 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_9" title="Ranger 9">9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">Landers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a></i> ×6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_9" title="Luna 9">Luna 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_13" title="Luna 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_17" title="Luna 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_21" title="Luna 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_23" title="Luna 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_1" title="Surveyor 1">Surveyor 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_3" title="Surveyor 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_5" title="Surveyor 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_6" title="Surveyor 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_7" title="Surveyor 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Vikram</a> (Chandrayaan-3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EagleCam" class="mw-redirect" title="EagleCam">EagleCam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-1" title="IM-1">IM-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_rover" title="Lunar rover">Rovers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">Apollo 15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_1" title="Lunokhod 1">Lunokhod 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_2" title="Lunokhod 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)">Yutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)">Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-3)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3)">(Chandrayaan-3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_1" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_2" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sora-Q" title="Sora-Q">Sora-Q</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Jinchan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Sample-return_mission" title="Sample-return mission">Sample return</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">Luna 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Failed landings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet" title="Beresheet">Beresheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Lunar_Mission" title="Emirates Lunar Mission">Emirates Lunar Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_5" title="Luna 5">Luna 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_7" title="Luna 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_8" title="Luna 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_15" title="Luna 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_18" title="Luna 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMOTENASHI" title="OMOTENASHI">OMOTENASHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_2" title="Surveyor 2">Surveyor 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_4" title="Surveyor 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2#Vikram_lander" title="Chandrayaan-2">Vikram</a> (Chandrayaan-2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Lunar_flybys" title="Category:Lunar flybys">Flybys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Memorial_Moon_Mission" title="Manfred Memorial Moon Mission">4M</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotail" title="Geotail">Geotail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project">Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cometary_Explorer" title="International Cometary Explorer">ICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_1" title="Luna 1">Luna 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_3" title="Luna 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_4" title="Luna 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_6" title="Luna 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Hydrogen_Mapper" title="Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper">LunaH-Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Flashlight" title="Lunar Flashlight">Lunar Flashlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_IceCube" title="Lunar IceCube">Lunar IceCube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunIR" title="LunIR">LunIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_10" title="Mariner 10">Mariner 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Scout" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Scout">NEA Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_4" title="Pioneer 4">Pioneer 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_5" title="Ranger 5">Ranger 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)">Wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_3" title="Zond 3">Zond 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_5" title="Zond 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_6" title="Zond 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_7" title="Zond 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_8" title="Zond 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAS-22" title="PAS-22">PAS-22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Planned<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_II" title="Artemis II">Artemis II</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">Artemis III</a></i> (2026)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_IV" title="Artemis IV">Artemis IV</a></i> (2028)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_V" title="Artemis V">Artemis V</a></i> (2030)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VI">Artemis VI</a></i> (2031)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VII">Artemis VII</a></i> (2032)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VIII">Artemis VIII</a></i> (2033)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace_Blue_Ghost" title="Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost">Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-2" title="IM-2">IM-2</a> (2025) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Trailblazer" title="Lunar Trailblazer">Lunar Trailblazer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_26" title="Luna 26">Luna 26</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_27" title="Luna 27">Luna 27</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_28" title="Luna 28">Luna 28</a> (2030)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 29 (page does not exist)">Luna 29</a> (2030s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 30 (page does not exist)">Luna 30</a> (2030s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 31 (page does not exist)">Luna 31</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">CLEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">Chang'e 7</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_8" title="Chang'e 8">Chang'e 8</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-4" title="Chandrayaan-4">Chandrayaan-4</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission" title="Lunar Polar Exploration Mission">Chandrayaan-5 (LUPEX)</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">Hakuto-R M2</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet_2" title="Beresheet 2">Beresheet 2</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">ispace M3</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Pathfinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Pathfinder">Lunar Pathfinder</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY<sup>+</sup></a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cislunar_Explorers" title="Cislunar Explorers">Cislunar Explorers</a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Escape_Explorer" title="Earth Escape Explorer">CU-E<sup>3</sup></a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology#Rovers" title="Astrobotic Technology">MoonRanger</a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonaut_(lunar_lander)" title="Argonaut (lunar lander)">Argonaut M1</a> (2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Research_Station" title="International Lunar Research Station">International Lunar Research Station</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Proposed<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Robotic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Transportation_Systems" title="Planetary Transportation Systems">ALINA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draper_Laboratory#Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Draper Laboratory">Artemis-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)">Blue Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BOLAS_(spacecraft)" title="BOLAS (spacecraft)">BOLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garat%C3%A9a-L" title="Garatéa-L">Garatéa-L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISOCHRON_(spacecraft)" title="ISOCHRON (spacecraft)">ISOCHRON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunaNet" title="LunaNet">LunaNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Crater_Radio_Telescope" title="Lunar Crater Radio Telescope">Lunar Crater Radio Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCandless_Lunar_Lander" title="McCandless Lunar Lander">McCandless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Diver_(spacecraft)" title="Moon Diver (spacecraft)">Moon Diver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/DSE-Alpha" title="DSE-Alpha">DSE-Alpha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Lunar_Lander" title="Boeing Lunar Lander">Boeing Lunar Lander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Lunar_Lander" title="Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander">Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbital_Station" title="Lunar Orbital Station">Lunar Orbital Station</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Cancelled /<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Altair_(spacecraft)" title="Altair (spacecraft)">Altair</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_1" title="Baden-Württemberg 1">Baden-Württemberg 1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DearMoon_project" title="DearMoon project">#dearMoon project</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Lunar_Explorer" title="European Lunar Explorer">European Lunar Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Lunar_Outpost" title="First Lunar Outpost">First Lunar Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Network" title="International Lunar Network">International Lunar Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEO_(spacecraft)" title="LEO (spacecraft)">LEO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LK_(spacecraft)" title="LK (spacecraft)">LK</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar-A" title="Lunar-A">Lunar-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lunar Lander (spacecraft)">Lunar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Mission_One" title="Lunar Mission One">Lunar Mission One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Lunar Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunokhod 3">Lunokhod 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonLITE" title="MoonLITE">MoonLITE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonRise" title="MoonRise">MoonRise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond" title="OrbitBeyond">OrbitBeyond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Harvest_Moon" title="Project Harvest Moon">Project Harvest Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospector_(spacecraft)" title="Prospector (spacecraft)">Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Prospector_(rover)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource Prospector (rover)">Resource Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE-2" title="SELENE-2">SELENE-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrselena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrselena">Ukrselena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems#XL-1" title="Masten Space Systems">XL-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIPER_(rover)" title="VIPER (rover)">VIPER</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_Moon" title="Colonization of the Moon">Colonization of the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lunar_X_Prize" title="Google Lunar X Prize">Google Lunar X Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_probes" title="List of lunar probes">List of lunar probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">List of missions to the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_the_Moon" title="List of artificial objects on the Moon">List of artificial objects on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_species_that_have_landed_on_the_Moon" title="List of species that have landed on the Moon">List of species that have landed on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_resources" title="Lunar resources">Lunar resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Moon landing conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_evidence_for_Apollo_Moon_landings" title="Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings">Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_anniversaries" title="Apollo 11 anniversaries">Apollo 11 anniversaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crewed_lunar_landers" title="List of crewed lunar landers">List of crewed lunar landers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><div> <ul><li>Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in <i>italics</i>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="21st-century_space_probes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Solar_System_probes" title="Template:Solar System probes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Solar_System_probes" title="Template talk:Solar System probes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Solar_System_probes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Solar System probes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="21st-century_space_probes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">21st-century <a href="/wiki/Space_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probe">space probes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Solar_System_probes" title="List of active Solar System probes">Active space probes</a><br />(deep space missions)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sun</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Solar_Probe" title="Parker Solar Probe">Parker Solar Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditya-L1" title="Aditya-L1">Aditya-L1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">Moon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ARTEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE" title="CAPSTONE">CAPSTONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2"><i>Yutu-2</i> rover</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">Queqiao 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">Tiandu 1 and 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Chang'e 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICUBE-Q" title="ICUBE-Q">ICUBE-Q</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Mars" title="List of missions to Mars">Mars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Mars_Mission" title="Emirates Mars Mission">Emirates Mars Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a> <a href="/wiki/Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="Trace Gas Orbiter">TGO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">MRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">MSL</a> <a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other planets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Mercury" class="mw-redirect" title="List of missions to Mercury">Mercury</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akatsuki_(spacecraft)" title="Akatsuki (spacecraft)">Akatsuki</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Venus" title="List of missions to Venus">Venus</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)" title="Juno (spacecraft)">Juno</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_outer_planets" title="List of missions to the outer planets">Jupiter</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer">Juice</a></i> <ul><li>Jupiter</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i> <ul><li>Jupiter</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_minor_planets" title="List of missions to minor planets">Minor planets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#MINERVA-II" title="Hayabusa2">MINERVA-II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucy_(spacecraft)" title="Lucy (spacecraft)">Lucy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(space_mission)" title="Hera (space mission)">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(spacecraft)" title="Psyche (spacecraft)">Psyche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interstellar space</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_probes" title="List of Solar System probes">Completed after 2000</a><br />(by termination date)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_1" title="Deep Space 1">Deep Space 1</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Galileo (spacecraft)">Galileo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2004 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(spacecraft)" title="Genesis (spacecraft)">Genesis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2005 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Huygens_(spacecraft)" title="Huygens (spacecraft)">Huygens</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2008 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)">Phoenix</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2009 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)">Ulysses</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">SELENE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCROSS" title="LCROSS">LCROSS</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">MER</a> <a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li>2011 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(spacecraft)" title="Stardust (spacecraft)">Stardust</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2012 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li></ul></li> <li>2013 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2014 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venus_Express" title="Venus Express">Venus Express</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a></li></ul></li> <li>2015 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS">IKAROS</a></li></ul></li> <li>2016 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft)" title="Philae (spacecraft)">Philae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)"><i>Yutu</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Schiaparelli_EDM" title="Schiaparelli EDM">Schiaparelli</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LISA_Pathfinder" title="LISA Pathfinder">LISA Pathfinder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#MASCOT" title="Hayabusa2">MASCOT</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjiang_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Longjiang 1">Longjiang-1</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Cube_One" title="Mars Cube One">MarCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">MER</a> <a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beresheet" title="Beresheet">Beresheet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjiang_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Longjiang 2">Longjiang-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)"><i>Pragyan</i> rover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test" title="Double Asteroid Redirection Test"><i>Double Asteroid Redirection Test</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission" title="Mars Orbiter Mission"><i>Mangalyaan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight"><i>InSight</i></a></li></ul></li> <li>2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R Mission 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">Luna 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-3</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-3)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3)"><i>Pragyan</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)"><i>Zhurong</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li>2024 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-1" title="IM-1">IM-1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_probes" title="List of Solar System probes">List of Solar System probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_probes" title="List of lunar probes">List of lunar probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extraterrestrial_orbiters" title="List of extraterrestrial orbiters">List of extraterrestrial orbiters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_space_telescopes" title="List of space telescopes">List of space telescopes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Explorers_Program" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Explorers_Program" title="Template:Explorers Program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Explorers_Program" title="Template talk:Explorers Program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Explorers_Program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Explorers Program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Explorers_Program" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Explorers_Program" title="Explorers Program">Explorers Program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Explorers_Program_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Explorers Program missions">List of Explorers Program missions</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">1958–1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_1" title="Explorer 1">Explorer 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_2" title="Explorer 2">2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_3" title="Explorer 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_4" title="Explorer 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_5" title="Explorer 5">5</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-1_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="S-1 (satellite)">S-1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_6" title="Explorer 6">6 (S-2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_7" title="Explorer 7">7 (S-1A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-46A" class="mw-redirect" title="S-46A">S-46A</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_8" title="Explorer 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-56_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="S-56 (satellite)">S-56</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_9" title="Explorer 9">9 (S-56A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-45_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="S-45 (satellite)">S-45</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_10" title="Explorer 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_11" title="Explorer 11">11 (S-15)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-45A" class="mw-redirect" title="S-45A">S-45A</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-55_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="S-55 (satellite)">S-55</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_12" title="Explorer 12">12 (EPE-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_13" title="Explorer 13">13 (S-55A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_14" title="Explorer 14">14 (EPE-B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_15" title="Explorer 15">15 (EPE-C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_16" title="Explorer 16">16 (S-55B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_17" title="Explorer 17">17 (AE-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_18" title="Explorer 18">18 (IMP-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_19" title="Explorer 19">19 (AD-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-66A" class="mw-redirect" title="S-66A">S-66A (BE-A)</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_20" title="Explorer 20">20 (IE-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_21" title="Explorer 21">21 (IMP-B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_22" title="Explorer 22">22 (BE-B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_23" title="Explorer 23">23 (S-55C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_24" title="Explorer 24">24 (AD-B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injun_(satellite)" title="Injun (satellite)">25 (Injun 4, IE-B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_26" title="Explorer 26">26 (EPE-D)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_27" title="Explorer 27">27 (BE-C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_28" title="Explorer 28">28 (IMP-C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_29" title="Explorer 29">29 (GEOS-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solrad_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Solrad 8">30 (Solrad 8)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_31" title="Explorer 31">31 (DME-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_32" title="Explorer 32">32 (AE-B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_33" title="Explorer 33">33 (IMP-D)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_34" title="Explorer 34">34 (IMP-F)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_35" title="Explorer 35">35 (IMP-E)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_36" title="Explorer 36">36 (GEOS-B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solrad_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Solrad 9">37 (Solrad 9)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_38" title="Explorer 38">38 (RAE-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_39" title="Explorer 39">39 (AD-C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injun_(satellite)" title="Injun (satellite)">40 (Injun 5)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_41" title="Explorer 41">41 (IMP-G)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_(satellite)" title="Uhuru (satellite)">42 (Uhuru, SAS-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_43" title="Explorer 43">43 (IMP-I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solrad_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Solrad 10">44 (Solrad 10)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_45" title="Explorer 45">45 (SSS-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_46" title="Explorer 46">46 (MTS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_47" title="Explorer 47">47 (IMP-H)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Astronomy_Satellite_2" title="Small Astronomy Satellite 2">48 (SAS-B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_49" title="Explorer 49">49 (RAE-B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_50" title="Explorer 50">50 (IMP-J)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_51" title="Explorer 51">51 (AE-C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_52" title="Explorer 52">52 (Hawkeye 1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Astronomy_Satellite_3" title="Small Astronomy Satellite 3">53 (SAS-C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_54" title="Explorer 54">54 (AE-D)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_55" title="Explorer 55">55 (AE-E)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DADE-A" class="mw-redirect" title="DADE-A">DADE-A</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DADE-B" class="mw-redirect" title="DADE-B">DADE-B</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISEE-1" title="ISEE-1">56 (ISEE-1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="International Ultraviolet Explorer">57 (IUE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_Capacity_Mapping_Mission" title="Heat Capacity Mapping Mission">58 (HCMM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cometary_Explorer" title="International Cometary Explorer">59 (ICE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_60" title="Explorer 60">60 (SAGE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magsat" class="mw-redirect" title="Magsat">61 (Magsat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamics_Explorer" title="Dynamics Explorer">62 (DE-1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamics_Explorer" title="Dynamics Explorer">63 (DE-2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Mesosphere_Explorer" title="Solar Mesosphere Explorer">64 (SME)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_Composition_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Charge Composition Explorer">65 (CCE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">66 (COBE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer">67 (EUVE)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><abbr title="Medium-Class Explorers">MIDEX</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rossi_X-ray_Timing_Explorer" title="Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer">69 (RXTE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Composition_Explorer" title="Advanced Composition Explorer"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">71 (ACE)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Ultraviolet_Spectroscopic_Explorer" title="Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer">77 (FUSE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMAGE_(spacecraft)" title="IMAGE (spacecraft)">78 (IMAGE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">80 (WMAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-sky_Astrometric_Mapping_Explorer" title="Full-sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">FAME</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">84 (Swift)</span></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">85–89 (THEMIS)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">92 (WISE)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">95 (TESS)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionospheric_Connection_Explorer" title="Ionospheric Connection Explorer"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">96 (ICON)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SPHEREx" title="SPHEREx">SPHEREx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Multi-slit_Solar_Explorer" title="Multi-slit Solar Explorer">MUSE</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HelioSwarm" title="HelioSwarm">HelioSwarm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/UVEX" title="UVEX">UVEX</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Small_Explorer_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Explorer program">SMEX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Anomalous_and_Magnetospheric_Particle_Explorer" title="Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer">68 (SAMPEX)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Auroral_Snapshot_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast Auroral Snapshot Explorer">70 (FAST)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRACE" title="TRACE">73 (TRACE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submillimeter_Wave_Astronomy_Satellite" title="Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite">74 (SWAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Field_Infrared_Explorer" title="Wide Field Infrared Explorer">75 (WIRE)</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" title="Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">81 (RHESSI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">83 (GALEX)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeronomy_of_Ice_in_the_Mesosphere" title="Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">90 (AIM)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Boundary_Explorer" title="Interstellar Boundary Explorer"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">91 (IBEX)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">93 (NuSTAR)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">94 (IRIS)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_and_Extreme_Magnetism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravity and Extreme Magnetism"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">GEMS</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaging_X-ray_Polarimetry_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">97 (IXPE)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polarimeter_to_Unify_the_Corona_and_Heliosphere" title="Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere">PUNCH</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tandem_Reconnection_and_Cusp_Electrodynamics_Reconnaissance_Satellites" title="Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites">TRACERS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Compton_Spectrometer_and_Imager" title="Compton Spectrometer and Imager">COSI</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><abbr title="University-class Explorers">UNEX</abbr>/<abbr title="Missions of Opportunity">MO</abbr>/<abbr title="International Missions">I</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Transient_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="High Energy Transient Explorer">HETE-1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Nitric_Oxide_Explorer" title="Student Nitric Oxide Explorer">72 (SNOE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TERRIERS" class="mw-redirect" title="TERRIERS">76 (TERRIERS)</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Transient_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="High Energy Transient Explorer">79 (HETE-2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INTEGRAL" title="INTEGRAL"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">INTEGRAL</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHIPSat" class="mw-redirect" title="CHIPSat">82 (CHIPSat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CINDI" title="CINDI">CINDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzaku_(satellite)" title="Suzaku (satellite)">Suzaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TWINS" title="TWINS"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">TWINS</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitomi_(satellite)" title="Hitomi (satellite)">Hitomi</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_Star_Interior_Composition_Explorer" title="Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">NICER</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global-scale_Observations_of_the_Limb_and_Disk" title="Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">GOLD</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Ray_Imaging_and_Spectroscopy_Mission" title="X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">XRISM</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GUSTO_(telescope)" title="GUSTO (telescope)">GUSTO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_Waves_Experiment" title="Atmospheric Waves Experiment">AWE</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sun_Radio_Interferometer_Space_Experiment" title="Sun Radio Interferometer Space Experiment">SunRISE</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electrojet_Zeeman_Imaging_Explorer" title="Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer">EZIE</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Contribution_to_ARIEL_Spectroscopy_of_Exoplanets" title="Contribution to ARIEL Spectroscopy of Exoplanets">CASE</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite_artist_concept_(transparent_background).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite_artist_concept_%28transparent_background%29.png/150px-Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite_artist_concept_%28transparent_background%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite_artist_concept_%28transparent_background%29.png/225px-Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite_artist_concept_%28transparent_background%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite_artist_concept_%28transparent_background%29.png/300px-Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite_artist_concept_%28transparent_background%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Proposals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Proposals" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Proposals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Infrared_Exoplanet_Spectroscopy_Survey_Explorer" title="Fast Infrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer">FINESSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcus_(satellite)" title="Arcus (satellite)">Arcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observatory_for_Heteroscale_Magnetosphere-Ionosphere_Coupling" title="Observatory for Heteroscale Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling">OHMIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere-Space_Transition_Region_Explorer" title="Atmosphere-Space Transition Region Explorer">ASTRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanetary_Circumstellar_Environments_and_Disk_Explorer" title="Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer">EXCEDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme-ultraviolet_Stellar_Characterization_for_Atmospheric_Physics_and_Evolution" title="Extreme-ultraviolet Stellar Characterization for Atmospheric Physics and Evolution">ESCAPE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">Green titles</span> indicates active current missions</li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">Grey titles</span> indicates cancelled missions</li> <li><i>Italics</i> indicate missions yet to launch</li> <li>Symbol <sup>†</sup> indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NASA" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_space_program" title="Template talk:NASA space program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NASA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">Policy</a> and history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">History<br />(<a href="/wiki/Creation_of_NASA" title="Creation of NASA">creation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">NACA</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act">National Aeronautics and Space Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Task_Group" title="Space Task Group">Space Task Group</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_O._Paine#National_Commission_on_Space" title="Thomas O. Paine">Paine</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">Rogers</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ride_Report" title="Ride Report">Ride</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Initiative" title="Space Exploration Initiative">Space Exploration Initiative</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Committee" title="Augustine Committee">Augustine</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Clinton_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">U.S. National Space Policy</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Future_of_the_United_States_Aerospace_Industry" title="Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry">CFUSAI</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board" title="Columbia Accident Investigation Board">CAIB</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_for_Space_Exploration" title="Vision for Space Exploration">Vision for Space Exploration</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Commission_on_Implementation_of_United_States_Space_Exploration_Policy" title="President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy">Aldridge</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_of_United_States_Human_Space_Flight_Plans_Committee" title="Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee">Augustine</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrators_and_deputy_administrators_of_NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="List of administrators and deputy administrators of NASA">Administrator and Deputy Administrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Chief_Scientist" title="NASA Chief Scientist">Chief Scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">Astronaut Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Ranks and positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Astronaut_Office" title="Chief of the Astronaut Office">Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_NASA" title="Budget of NASA">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_research" title="NASA research">NASA research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_spinoff_technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA spinoff technologies">spinoff technologies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA%2B" title="NASA+">NASA+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_TV" title="NASA TV">NASA TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Social" title="NASA Social">NASA Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Services_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch Services Program">Launch Services Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Control_Center" title="Mercury Control Center">Mercury Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Space_Flight_Network" title="Manned Space Flight Network">Manned Space Flight Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">Launch Complex 39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_48" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 48">Launch Complex 48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Control_Center" title="Launch Control Center">Launch Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_and_Checkout_Building" title="Operations and Checkout Building">Operations and Checkout Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Sample_Laboratory_Facility" title="Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility">Lunar Sample Laboratory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Mission_Directorate" title="Science Mission Directorate">Science Mission Directorate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">X-15</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">suborbital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space program</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Shuttle–<i>Mir</i></a> (with <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos State Corporation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme" title="International Space Station programme">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services">Commercial Orbital Transportation Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Commercial Crew Program">Commercial Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">Robotic</a> programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hitchhiker_Program" title="Hitchhiker Program">Hitchhiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_program" title="Mariner program">Mariner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_Mark_II" title="Mariner Mark II">Mariner Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESUR" title="MESUR">MESUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Surveyor_%2798" title="Mars Surveyor '98">Mars Surveyor '98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Millennium_Program" title="New Millennium Program">New Millennium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Planetary Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Prometheus" title="Project Prometheus">Project Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Living_With_a_Star" title="Living With a Star">Living With a Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor Robotic Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Observing_System" title="Earth Observing System">Earth Observing System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Observatories_program" title="Great Observatories program">Great Observatories program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorers_Program" title="Explorers Program">Explorers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Program" title="Discovery Program">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Terrestrial_Probes_program" title="Solar Terrestrial Probes program">Solar Terrestrial Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Innovative_Missions_for_Planetary_Exploration" title="Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration">SIMPLEx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Individual featured<br /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">missions</a><br />(human and robotic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">COBE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_3" title="Mercury-Redstone 3">Mercury 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6">Mercury-Atlas 6</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magellan_(spacecraft)" title="Magellan (spacecraft)">Magellan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project"><i>Galileo</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Timeline of Galileo (spacecraft)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">GALEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)"><i>Sojourner</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(SAC-D_instrument)" title="Aquarius (SAC-D instrument)">Aquarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens"><i>Cassini</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)"><i>Dawn</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler space telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Opportunity" title="Timeline of Opportunity">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface_features_of_Mars_visited_by_Spirit_and_Opportunity" title="List of surface features of Mars visited by Spirit and Opportunity">observed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">RHESSI</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ingenuity_flights" title="List of Ingenuity flights">flights</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Currently<br />operating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory"><i>Swift</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">THEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_14" title="GOES 14">GOES 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_15" title="GOES 15">GOES 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Allen_Probes" title="Van Allen Probes">Van Allen Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">Solar Dynamics Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)" title="Juno (spacecraft)"><i>Juno</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR">NuSTAR</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetospheric_Multiscale_Mission" title="Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_2020" title="Timeline of Mars 2020">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="Timeline of the James Webb Space Telescope">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plankton,_Aerosol,_Cloud,_ocean_Ecosystem" title="Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem">PACE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NISAR_(satellite)" title="NISAR (satellite)">NISAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAVINCI" title="DAVINCI">DAVINCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VERITAS_(spacecraft)" title="VERITAS (spacecraft)">VERITAS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_Communications_and_Navigation_Program" title="Space Communications and Navigation Program">Communications<br />and navigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Network" title="Near Earth Network">Near Earth Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Network" title="Space Network">Space Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Deep_Space_Network" title="NASA Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a> (<a href="/wiki/Goldstone_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex">Goldstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canberra_Deep_Space_Communication_Complex" title="Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex">Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flight_Operations_Facility" title="Space Flight Operations Facility">Space Flight Operations Facility</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock" title="Deep Space Atomic Clock">Deep Space Atomic Clock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">Astronauts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_name" title="List of astronauts by name">by name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">by year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gemini_astronauts" title="List of Gemini astronauts">Gemini astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">Apollo astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">Space Shuttle crews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_aircraft" title="List of NASA aircraft">NASA aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">NASA missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_uncrewed_NASA_missions" title="List of uncrewed NASA missions">uncrewed missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_missions" title="List of Apollo missions">Apollo missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">Space Shuttle missions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rockets_of_the_United_States" title="List of rockets of the United States">United States rockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cancellations" title="List of NASA cancellations">NASA cancellations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cameras_on_spacecraft" title="List of NASA cameras on spacecraft">NASA cameras on spacecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA images<br />and artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthrise" title="Earthrise">Earthrise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Marble" title="The Blue Marble">The Blue Marble</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(Voyager)" title="Family Portrait (Voyager)">Family Portrait</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pale_Blue_Dot" title="Pale Blue Dot">Pale Blue Dot</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Creation" title="Pillars of Creation">Pillars of Creation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystic_Mountain" title="Mystic Mountain">Mystic Mountain</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(MESSENGER)" title="Family Portrait (MESSENGER)"><i>Solar System Family Portrait</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_the_Earth_Smiled" title="The Day the Earth Smiled">The Day the Earth Smiled</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deep_fields" title="List of deep fields">Deep fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_plaque" title="Lunar plaque">Lunar plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_plaque" title="Pioneer plaque">Pioneer plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_goodwill_messages" title="Apollo 11 goodwill messages">Apollo 11 goodwill messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_insignia" title="NASA insignia">NASA insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_space-flown_Gemini_and_Apollo_medallions" title="NASA space-flown Gemini and Apollo medallions">Gemini and Apollo medallions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_patch" title="Mission patch">Mission patches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hubble_Space_Telescope_anniversary_images" title="List of Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images">Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/We_choose_to_go_to_the_Moon" title="We choose to go to the Moon">We choose to go to the Moon</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Apollo 8 Genesis reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_postal_covers_incident" title="Apollo 15 postal covers incident">Apollo 15 postal covers incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Mirror_Memorial" title="Space Mirror Memorial">Space Mirror Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Astronaut_Monument" title="The Astronaut Monument">The Astronaut Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_sample_displays" title="Lunar sample displays">Lunar sample displays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moon_rock" title="Moon rock">Moon rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_and_missing_Moon_rocks" title="Stolen and missing Moon rocks">stolen or missing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame" title="United States Astronaut Hall of Fame">U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps" title="U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps">Space program on U.S. stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_tree" title="Moon tree">Moon tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_and_apes_in_space#United_States" title="Monkeys and apes in space">Other primates in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_International_Space_Apps_Challenge" title="NASA International Space Apps Challenge">NASA International Space Apps Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronauts_Day" title="Astronauts Day">Astronauts Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Astronaut_Day" title="National Astronaut Day">National Astronaut Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikon_NASA_F4" title="Nikon NASA F4">Nikon NASA F4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:NASA" title="Category:NASA"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:NASA" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:NASA"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Magnetospherics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Magnetospherics" title="Template:Magnetospherics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Magnetospherics" title="Template talk:Magnetospherics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Magnetospherics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Magnetospherics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Magnetospherics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Magnetosphere" title="Magnetosphere">Magnetospherics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Submagnetosphere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_circulation" title="Atmospheric circulation">Atmospheric circulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora" title="Aurora">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_magnetic_field" title="Earth's magnetic field">Earth's magnetic field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geosphere" title="Geosphere">Geosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_stream" title="Jet stream">Jet stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_wind" title="Polar wind">Polar wind</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Earth's magnetosphere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birkeland_current" title="Birkeland current">Birkeland current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_shock" title="Bow shock">Bow shock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionosphere" title="Ionosphere">Ionosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetopause" title="Magnetopause">Magnetopause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetosheath" title="Magnetosheath">Magnetosheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetosphere" title="Magnetosphere">Magnetosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetosphere_chronology" title="Magnetosphere chronology">Magnetosphere chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetosphere_particle_motion" title="Magnetosphere particle motion">Magnetosphere particle motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasmasphere" title="Plasmasphere">Plasmasphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_current" title="Ring current">Ring current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Allen_radiation_belt" title="Van Allen radiation belt">Van Allen radiation belt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Solar_wind" title="Solar wind">Solar wind</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_cloud" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic cloud">Magnetic cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronal_mass_ejection" title="Coronal mass ejection">Coronal mass ejection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_flare" title="Solar flare">Solar flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomagnetic_storm" title="Geomagnetic storm">Geomagnetic storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliosphere" title="Heliosphere">Heliosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_magnetic_field" title="Interplanetary magnetic field">Interplanetary magnetic field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliospheric_current_sheet" title="Heliospheric current sheet">Heliospheric current sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliopause_(astronomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliopause (astronomy)">Heliopause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_particle_event" title="Solar particle event">Solar particle event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_climate" title="Space climate">Space climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_weather" title="Space weather">Space weather</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Full list</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arase_(satellite)" title="Arase (satellite)">Arase</a> <small>(2016)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_II_(spacecraft)" title="Cluster II (spacecraft)">Cluster II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Star_(satellite)" title="Double Star (satellite)">Double Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotail" title="Geotail">Geotail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMAGE_(spacecraft)" title="IMAGE (spacecraft)">IMAGE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetospheric_Multiscale_Mission" title="Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission">MMS</a> <small>(2015)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polar_(satellite)" title="Polar (satellite)">Polar</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">THEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Allen_Probes" title="Van Allen Probes">Van Allen Probes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)">Wind</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EISCAT" title="EISCAT">EISCAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-frequency_Active_Auroral_Research_Program" title="High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program">HAARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere_Auroral_Radar_Experiment" title="Southern Hemisphere Auroral Radar Experiment">SHARE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unwin_Radar" title="Unwin Radar">Unwin Radar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Dual_Auroral_Radar_Network" title="Super Dual Auroral Radar Network">SuperDARN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sura_Ionospheric_Heating_Facility" title="Sura Ionospheric Heating Facility">Sura Ionospheric Heating Facility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other magnetospheres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury%27s_magnetic_field" title="Mercury's magnetic field">Hermian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_field_of_the_Moon" title="Magnetic field of the Moon">Lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_field_of_Mars" title="Magnetic field of Mars">Martian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetosphere_of_Jupiter" title="Magnetosphere of Jupiter">Jovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(moon)#Magnetosphere" title="Ganymede (moon)">Ganymedian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetosphere_of_Saturn" title="Magnetosphere of Saturn">Saturnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus#Magnetosphere" title="Uranus">Uranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune#Magnetosphere" title="Neptune">Neptunian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flux_tube" title="Flux tube">Flux tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_torus" title="Gas torus">Gas torus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_swirls" title="Lunar swirls">Lunar swirls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_system" title="Ring system">Ring systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Jupiter" title="Rings of Jupiter">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn" title="Rings of Saturn">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Uranus" title="Rings of Uranus">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Neptune" title="Rings of Neptune">Neptune</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_2006Orbital_launches_in_20072008_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2007" title="Template:Orbital launches in 2007"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_2007" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 2007"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2007" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 2007"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_2006Orbital_launches_in_20072008_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/2006_in_spaceflight" title="2006 in spaceflight">← 2006</a></div><a href="/wiki/2007_in_spaceflight" title="2007 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">2007</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/2008_in_spaceflight" title="2008 in spaceflight">2008 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartosat-2" title="Cartosat-2">Cartosat-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Space_Capsule_Recovery_Experiment" title="Space Capsule Recovery Experiment">SRE-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lapan-TUBsat" title="Lapan-TUBsat">Lapan-TUBsat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pehuensat-1" title="Pehuensat-1">Pehuensat-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-59" title="Progress M-59">Progress M-59</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NSS-8" title="NSS-8">NSS-8</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beidou-1D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beidou-1D (page does not exist)">Beidou-1D</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">THEMIS A</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">THEMIS B</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">THEMIS C</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">THEMIS D</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">THEMIS E</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGS_Radar_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IGS Radar 2 (page does not exist)">IGS Radar 2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=IGS_Optical_3V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IGS Optical 3V (page does not exist)">IGS Optical 3V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASTRO_(satellite)" title="ASTRO (satellite)">ASTRO</a>, <a href="/wiki/CFESat" title="CFESat">CFESat</a>, <a href="/wiki/FalconSAT#Satellites" title="FalconSAT">FalconSAT-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/MidSTAR-1" title="MidSTAR-1">MidSTAR-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/NEXTSat" title="NEXTSat">NEXTSat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Space_Test_Program#2007" title="Space Test Program">STPSat-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skynet_5A" title="Skynet 5A">Skynet 5A</a>, <a href="/wiki/INSAT-4B" title="INSAT-4B">INSAT-4B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-10" title="Soyuz TMA-10">Soyuz TMA-10</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anik_F3" class="mw-redirect" title="Anik F3">Anik F3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hai_Yang_1B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hai Yang 1B (page does not exist)">Hai Yang 1B</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compass-M1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compass-M1 (page does not exist)">Compass-M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EgyptSat_1" title="EgyptSat 1">EgyptSat 1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saudisat-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saudisat-3 (page does not exist)">Saudisat-3</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SaudiComsat-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SaudiComsat-3 (page does not exist)">SaudiComsat-3</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SaudiComsat-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SaudiComsat-4 (page does not exist)">SaudiComsat-4</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SaudiComsat-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SaudiComsat-5 (page does not exist)">SaudiComsat-5</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SaudiComsat-6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SaudiComsat-6 (page does not exist)">SaudiComsat-6</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SaudiComsat-7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SaudiComsat-7 (page does not exist)">SaudiComsat-7</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=CP-3_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CP-3 (satellite) (page does not exist)">CP-3</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=CP-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CP-4 (page does not exist)">CP-4</a>, <a href="/wiki/CAPE-1" title="CAPE-1">CAPE-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libertad_1" title="Libertad 1">Libertad 1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=AeroCube_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AeroCube 2 (page does not exist)">AeroCube 2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=CSTB-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CSTB-1 (page does not exist)">CSTB-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multi-Application_Survivable_Tether" title="Multi-Application Survivable Tether">MAST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGILE_(satellite)" title="AGILE (satellite)">AGILE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Avionics_Module" title="Advanced Avionics Module">AAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Field_Infrared_Experiment" title="Near Field Infrared Experiment">NFIRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeronomy_of_Ice_in_the_Mesosphere" title="Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere">AIM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astra_1L" title="Astra 1L">Astra 1L</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galaxy_17" title="Galaxy 17">Galaxy 17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-60" title="Progress M-60">Progress M-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NigComSat-1" title="NigComSat-1">NigComSat-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zheda_PiXing_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zheda PiXing 1 (page does not exist)">Zheda PiXing 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Globalstar_65&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Globalstar 65 (page does not exist)">Globalstar 65</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Globalstar_69&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Globalstar 69 (page does not exist)">Globalstar 69</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Globalstar_71&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Globalstar 71 (page does not exist)">Globalstar 71</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Globalstar_72&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Globalstar 72 (page does not exist)">Globalstar 72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinosat-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinosat-3">Sinosat-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2427&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2427 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COSMO-1" title="COSMO-1">COSMO-1</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-117" title="STS-117">STS-117</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Integrated_Truss_Structure" title="Integrated Truss Structure">ITS S3/4</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofek-7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ofek-7">Ofek-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TerraSAR-X" title="TerraSAR-X">TerraSAR-X</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-194&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-194 (page does not exist)">USA-194</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_II_(space_habitat)" title="Genesis II (space habitat)">Genesis II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2428&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2428 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2428</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAR-Lupe_2" class="mw-redirect" title="SAR-Lupe 2">SAR-Lupe 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongxing_6B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongxing 6B (page does not exist)">Zhongxing 6B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T10_(satellite)" title="T10 (satellite)">DirecTV-10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-61" title="Progress M-61">Progress M-61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)">Phoenix</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-118" title="STS-118">STS-118</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Integrated_Truss_Structure" title="Integrated Truss Structure">ITS S5</a>, <a href="/wiki/SpaceHab" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceHab">SpaceHab LSM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaceway-3" title="Spaceway-3">Spaceway-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/BSAT-3a" title="BSAT-3a">BSAT-3a</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INSAT-4CR" title="INSAT-4CR">INSAT-4CR</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/JCSAT-11" title="JCSAT-11">JCSAT-11</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2429&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2429 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">Kaguya</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Okina_(spacecraft)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okina (spacecraft) (page does not exist)">Okina</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ouna_(spacecraft)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ouna (spacecraft) (page does not exist)">Ouna</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foton-M_No.3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foton-M No.3 (page does not exist)">Foton-M No.3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Young_Engineers%27_Satellite_2" title="Young Engineers' Satellite 2">YES2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldView-1" title="WorldView-1">WorldView-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBERS-2B" title="CBERS-2B">CBERS-2B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_11" title="Intelsat 11">Intelsat 11</a>, <a href="/wiki/Optus_D2" class="mw-redirect" title="Optus D2">Optus D2</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-11" title="Soyuz TMA-11">Soyuz TMA-11</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-195" title="USA-195">USA-195</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-196" title="USA-196">USA-196</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Globalstar_66&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Globalstar 66 (page does not exist)">Globalstar 66</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Globalstar_67&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Globalstar 67 (page does not exist)">Globalstar 67</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Globalstar_78&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Globalstar 78 (page does not exist)">Globalstar 78</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Globalstar_70&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Globalstar 70 (page does not exist)">Globalstar 70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2430" title="Kosmos 2430">Kosmos 2430</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-120" title="STS-120">STS-120</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Harmony_(ISS_module)" title="Harmony (ISS module)">Harmony</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2431" title="Kosmos 2431">Kosmos 2431</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2432" title="Kosmos 2432">Kosmos 2432</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2433" title="Kosmos 2433">Kosmos 2433</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAR-Lupe_3" class="mw-redirect" title="SAR-Lupe 3">SAR-Lupe 3</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubin-7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubin-7 (page does not exist)">Rubin-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-197" title="USA-197">USA-197</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skynet_5B" title="Skynet 5B">Skynet 5B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_One_C1" title="Star One C1">Star One C1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirius_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirius 4">Sirius 4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Globus-1M_No.11L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Globus-1M No.11L (page does not exist)">Globus-1M No.11L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COSMO-2" class="mw-redirect" title="COSMO-2">COSMO-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-198" title="USA-198">USA-198</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radarsat-2" title="Radarsat-2">Radarsat-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-199" title="USA-199">USA-199</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizons-2" title="Horizons-2">Horizons-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rascom-QAF_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Rascom-QAF 1">Rascom-QAF 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-62" title="Progress M-62">Progress M-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2434" title="Kosmos 2434">Kosmos 2434</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2435" title="Kosmos 2435">Kosmos 2435</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2436" title="Kosmos 2436">Kosmos 2436</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br /><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=THEMIS&oldid=1236115944">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=THEMIS&oldid=1236115944</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Explorers_Program" title="Category:Explorers Program">Explorers Program</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:NASA_space_probes" title="Category:NASA space probes">NASA space probes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_probes_launched_in_2007" title="Category:Space probes launched in 2007">Space probes launched in 2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_launched_by_Delta_II_rockets" title="Category:Spacecraft launched by Delta II rockets">Spacecraft launched by Delta II rockets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Satellites_orbiting_the_Moon" title="Category:Satellites orbiting the Moon">Satellites orbiting the Moon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_weather" title="Category:Space weather">Space weather</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_using_Lissajous_orbits" title="Category:Spacecraft using Lissajous orbits">Spacecraft using Lissajous orbits</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geospace_monitoring_satellites" title="Category:Geospace monitoring satellites">Geospace monitoring satellites</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Source_attribution" title="Category:Source attribution">Source attribution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_January_2020" title="Category:Use American English from January 2020">Use American English from January 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from December 2021">Use dmy dates from December 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 July 2024, at 00:10<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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