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{color:#fc621f} h2.widgettitle {color:#fc621f;} .relatedcontent {color:#75838b;} #headerfirst{ position: absolute ; _top: -30px; _top:4px; width: 100%; } body{ background: white !important ; _font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",Times,serif; font-family:Lora,"Lora",Times,serif; font-size:14px; font-size:1.4rem; /*use dynamic sizing with a fixed width fallback for <ie9*/ color:black; background-color:white; padding:0; _margin:0; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; max-width:1700px; margin-right:auto; width:100%; } /*body img {height:initial; width:initial;} */ #header{ width: 100%; overflow: visible!important; position: relative; /* padding: 0px; */ height: 125px !important; /* background: url(/wp-content/themes/openculture_v3a/images/header_circles.png) scroll no-repeat; */ top: 0px !important; /*left: 2%;*/ } /*put this back in css */ .contentwrapper{ _width:94%; _margin:0px 5% 0 5% ; margin: 12px 7% 0 7%; padding:0px ; z-index:1; /*display:flex; justify-content:space-between; */ } #wrap{background:transparent; margin:0 auto; padding:0; width:100%; color:#414141; padding:0} .l_sidebar{width:15%} .r_sidebar{ width:22%; _min-width:150px; min-width:160px; max-width:345px; float:left; background-color: white; /*background-color:#bdbec2; */ /*:transparent; */ font-size:1.3rem; _margin-top:0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2px; padding:0 0 0 10px; overflow:visible ; } .da-third-column{overflow:visible !important ;} .middle_sidebar{font-size: 1.4rem; _width:14%; width:17%; min-width:90px; max-width:180px; float:left; background:transparent; margin:.5% .5%; padding:0px .5% 0 1%; _border-right:1px dotted #d1ccbc; min-width:128px; } div.middle_sidebar{ border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: #d1ccbc ;} .contentmiddle{ width:54% ; min-width:185px; float:left; margin-top:.4rem; font-size:16px; font-size:1.6rem; /* line-height:15px; line-height:150%; */ _margin-right:5px; _padding-right: 20px; _max-width: 700px; padding-right: 3%; } .contentmiddle h1, .contentmiddle h1 a { text-decoration: none; font-size: 2.4rem; font-weight: normal; color: #373731; /* near black */ line-height: 140%; } #headerW {height:100%; width: 100% !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; display:block;} .l_sidebar a:link,.l_sidebar a:visited, .middle_sidebar a:link, .middle_sidebar a:visited, .r_sidebar a:visited, .r_sidebar a:link{ /*color:#0183B2; old blue*/ color: #394244; font-size: 1.4rem; border-top: 1px solid lightgrey; /*word-spacing: -.3rem; */ } .new_subscription_block { font-family:"Muli", sans-serif ; background: #daf4fc; border-radius: 0rem; margin:4% 5% 4% 5%; padding: 5% 7% 5% 7%; line-height:150%; } .new_subscription_block p{ Font-Family:Lora; font-style:italic;} .new_subscription_block h3, h4 {font-family:"Muli", sans-serif; } .r_sub_con a:visited, .r_sub_con a:link, .new_subscription_block a:visited, .new_subscription_block a:link{ border-top: 0px ;} /* turn off links */ #clearfixheader { clear: both; width: 100%; height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; padding-top:0px; } .social_li ul li a:link, .social_li ul li a, .social_li a:link, .social_li li a, .social_li a { padding: .2rem .8rem !important /* this controls how tall & wide socialbuttons are ; remove !important when style.css is consolidated */ color:#1e3a4a } .social_li li{display:inline; margin-left:10px ;margin-left:1rem; margin-right:10px; margin-right:1rem;} .centerwrap ul {margin: 0px -1% 0px 0%} #navbar{ font-size: 1.6rem; _font-family: "Oswald", sans-serif !important; font-family:"Muli", sans-serif !important; font-weight: 400; _text-transform: uppercase; font-weight:bold; z-index:99; /*margin-top, margin-bottom: 0px !important; */ text-alignment:center; height:auto !important; text-align:justify; -ms-text-justify:distribute-all-lines; text-justify:distribute-all-lines; _letter-spacing:-.5px; color:#39AACF; margin-top: 0px; margin-left:0%; _margin-right:7% ; border-radius:0px; _background-color:rgba(118,154,172,.9); background-color:rgba(57, 170, 207, .85); min-width:245px; _width: 86%; width: 100%; } #navbar a{ _font-weight:bold; text-decoration:none; font-weight:bold; padding:0 12px; padding:0 1rem; padding-top: 2px; text-decoration:none; letter-spacing: .1px; color: white; _font-family: Helvetica; _font-family: "Oswald", sans-serif !important; font-family:"Muli", sans-serif font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.55rem; line-height: 2.2rem; padding-top: 3px; } .nav ul, .socmedia ul {text-align:center} /*#nav{list-style-type:none;} */ /* #nav li{display:inline;float:left;list-style-type:none} #nav .stretch { display: inline-block; width: 100%; *display: inline; zoom: 1 } */ /*icons by https://www.entypo.com/*/ .social_li ul li a:link, .social_li ul li a,.social a:link, .social_li li a, .social_li a { padding: 0 .8rem !important; /* this controls how tall & wide socialbuttons are ; remove !important when style.css is consolidated */ color: white; /*#1e3a4a */ } /* might work to space out items more nav li:before { margin-left: 3px} */ #search-old2{ display: inline-block!important; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; float: none!important; width: 115px!important; font-family: font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",Times,serif !important; background-color: #1497c2; text-align: left !important; font-weight: normal!important; } #search-old2 form{background:none!important; width:110px; height:100%; margin-top:2px !important; padding:0px} /* this indents widget */ .contentwrapper ul li li{ text-indent: -1.1rem; } .contentwrapper a, a:visited, a:hover{font-size: inherit; } /* 1.6rem; shouldnt this just inherit */ .middle_sidebar ul , .r_sidebar ul , .l_sidebar ul, .contentmiddle ul, .r_sidebar ul li { background:none; list-style-type:none; } /*shading boxes around ads + contact info*/ .r_sidebar .r_adbx_top, .r_sub_con,.r_about_ad{background: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 0rem; } /*#bdbec2 */ .r_adbx_top, .r_sub_con,.r_about_ad{text-align:left; padding: 10px 18px 10px 18px; margin:12px -4px 0px -4px;} .box { border: .2rem solid black; font-size: 4rem; border-radius:2px;} .lightbox {border: .1rem solid grey ;} _colorcontrast {background-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); margin: 0px; border-right: 9px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); border-left: 9px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); border-radius: 8px;} .tagline { text-align:left ; font-size:13px; font-size:1.3hw; line-height:100%; margin:0; margin-top: 6px; /* color:white !important; */ margin-left:6px; padding:2px; color:#4a7d96; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } #tagline_container{ max-width:335px; width:100%; margin-top: 50px; margin-left: 21px; } _ad_logo_wrapper{margin-left:3.5%; margin-right:4.3%;} #ad_logo_wrapper{margin-left:7%; margin-right:4%; margin-top:3px;} #logocontainer{width:auto; float:left; margin-left:0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width:40%; } #big_logo { /* margin-left: 25%; max-width: 7%; transform: scale(8); float: left; width:100%; max-height: 10%; */ } #big_logo{ transform: scale(8); max-height:10%; max-width:325px; float: left !important; text-align: left; width: 100%; } #logo_container { width: 100%; float: left; z-index: -40; /* overflow: visible; */ max-width: 600px; max-height: 200px; min-width: 140px; margin-left: 20px; height: auto; min-height: 40px; margin-top: 0px; _background-image: url(/wp-content/themes/openculture_v3a/images/openculture_banner.png); background-size: contain; background-repeat: no-repeat; max-width:80vw;; /*css3 viewport setting */ } .left { /* border: 2px dashed #f0f; */ text-align:left; _min-height:40px; height:auto; _margin-top: 45px; margin-left: 0px; _background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-stacked-logo.svg") no-repeat; _background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-horizontal-logo.svg") no-repeat; _background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-stacked-logo-with-stacked-tagline.svg") no-repeat; _background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-horizontal-logo-with-tagline.svg") no-repeat; background-size: contain; max-width:600px; min-width:90px; overflow:hidden; _background-position-y:0px; _background-position-x:0px; background-position-x: center !important; background-position-y: center !important; z-index:200; } .right { float: right; _width: 740px; /*min-height: 25px;*/ margin-left: 2.5%; padding-left: 0px; margin-right: 20px ; padding-right:0px; /* border: 2px dashed #00f; */ position:relative; z-index:200; } .top{} .bottom{ background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-horizontal-logo.svg") no-repeat; _background-size: contain; background-size: revert-layer; min-height:80px; /* border: 2px dashed green; */ clear:both; padding-top:8px; _margin: 4px 10px 0 10px; _background-position-y: 0px; /* min-height: 65px; */ clear: both; background-position-x: center; background-position-y:center; padding-top: 0px; margin: 2px 1rem 0px 1rem; /* height: 90px; */ _min-height: 110px; } #footerW{ right: 0; left: 0; position: relative; padding: 0; overflow:hidden;} .clear {clear:both;} .logo_clickable { position:absolute; width:100%; height:100%; top:0; left: 0; z-index: 50; _position:absolute; /* fixes overlap error in IE7/8, make sure you have an empty gif */ _background-image: url('empty.gif'); } .socialblock li {top: 2px;} .social-mail a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/mail.svg) no-repeat;} .social-twitter a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/twitter.svg) no-repeat;} .social-facebook a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/facebook.svg) no-repeat;} .social-rss a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/rss.svg) no-repeat;} .social-search a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat;} .sb-icon-search {background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat;} .social-mail-black a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/mail-black.svg) no-repeat;} .social-twitter-black a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/twitter-black.svg) no-repeat} .social-facebook-black a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/facebook-black.svg) no-repeat} .social-rss-black a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/rss-black.svg) no-repeat} .social-mail a:hover{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/mail-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .social-twitter a:hover{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/twitter-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .social-facebook a:hover{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/facebook-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .social-rss a:hover { background: url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/rss-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .social-search a:hover{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .sb-icon-search :hover {background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat;} /* override images that we dont want to go to margin */ .contentmiddle img.noexpand, .contentmiddle p img.noexpand, .contentmiddle img[src$="feed-icon16x16139.png"],img[title|="noexpand"], .contentmiddle div.noexpand img, .contentmiddle div.noexpand p img , .begbox img, .ct_comment_info img, ct_this_is_spam img, ct_comment_info div{ width:initial !important; display: block !important; line-height: 100%; } .noexpand img {width:initial !important;} /*this seems to work more reliably than above */ .contentmiddle img.oneXone {width: 1px !important; height: 1px !important;} .contentmiddle img.noexpand.center{display:block !important; } #footer { color: white; width: 100%; /*margin:0 auto; */ margin-bottom:100px; padding:28px 0 0 0px; font-family:"Muli", sans-serif; font-weight:400; clear:both; display:inline-block; } .framearound_ad_in_post{margin: .6rem 0px 2.4rem 0px; height:auto;max-height:120px; width:100%;padding:0px; border: 2px solid #D3D3D3; border-radius:8px;min-height:3rem; } .advertisement_notice{text-align:center; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant:small caps; color: #0183b2;} .begbox{color:white;width:100%;display:inline-block; background: #36b0d8; margin-left: -4px; padding: 0; font-family: Lora, "Lora", Times, serif;font-style:normal} .begbox img { width:250px ; margin: 8px auto} .begbox p, .begbox div {margin: 1em 0px 0 12px} .da_bottom {line-height:10%} .no-framearound_ad_in_post {padding-bottom: 25px; padding-top:15px; width: 100%} img.no-framearound_ad_in_post {width:100%} .responsive_belowheadline_ad{ height: 100%; display:inline-block; width:98%; min-height:70px; max-height:200px; margin-right:4px; padding-bottom: 10px; } /*comment box */ div.cbInner {background: #eaebe8; border-radius:8px ;} div.cbInner h5 {color: #000;} .comments {color:#000:;} /*bullets*/ /*set chevrons on all widgets don't turn it on for ul li in sidebars*/ /*.contentwrapper ul li li, */ .r_sidebar a:link,.r_sidebar a:visited,.r_sidebar a:hover,.middle_sidebar a:link,.middle_sidebar a:visited,.middle_sidebar a:hover{ font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: inherit; } .contentmiddle a:link, .contentwrapper a {text-decoration:none; } .l_sidebar ul li a:hover, .middle_sidebar ul li a:hover, .r_sidebar ul li a:hover, .contentmiddle a:hover { text-decoration:underline} #footer ul li {line-height:130%; list-style:none;} #footer ul li a:link {color:white; font-size:1.6rem; text-decoration:none;} #footer ul li a:hover {text-decoration:underline;} .l_sidebar li a, .r_sidebar li a, .middle_sidebar li a{ /*display:block; */ /*OC-typography.png */ text-decoration:none; padding-left: 1em; /*font-style:italic;*/ font-family:"Muli", sans-serif; _font-style:bold; font-weight:400; color:#394244; } .widgettitle{ _border-top-width: 1px; _border-top-style: dotted; _border-top-color: gray; font-family:"Lora", sans-serif !important; font-weight: 600; _font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 19px; font-weight: bold; padding: 3px ; margin: 8px 2px 2px 1px !important; /*color: #898477; */ letter-spacing: -.5px; } .widgetbox ul,.widget_categories ul, .widget_archive ul { border-bottom: 1px dotted #d1ccbc ; padding-bottom: 30px !important; display:block;} .widgetbox li a, .widget_categories li a, .widget_archive li a {display:block;} .recent_post{ border-bottom: 1px dotted #d1ccbc; padding: 0 0 30px 0px; margin-bottom: 30px; line-height:150%; overflow:hidden; } .noborder, .middle_sidebar.noborder:link, div.noborder a {border-top: 0px white !important;} .contentmiddle ul li a{} /*set chevrons on all widgets don't turn it on for ul li in sidebars* .contentwrapper ul li li,*/ .contentmiddle li, .r_sidebar li, .l_sidebar li, .middle_sidebar li { /* background:url(data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhBQAFALMJANTPvq2ok8rGs8C8qMXBrrKtmLeynufj0+Pezvby4wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAEAAAkALAAAAAAFAAUAQAQQcByCkqQpCQPCKYiBfCESAQA7) no-repeat 0 10px; */ list-style-type:none; zoom:1; margin-left: .8em; zoom: 1; padding-left: .2em; margin-bottom: .3em; line-height:1.9rem; } .contentmiddle ul li li :before , .r_sidebar ul li li :before, .middle_sidebar ul li li :before, .l_sidebar ul li li :before { /*content: "\25B8"; */ float:left; padding-right:1rem; font-style:normal;} .contentmiddle ul li li li :before {content:none;} .contentmiddle ul li {list-style-type: none; padding-right:.8rem; padding-bottom: .4rem; font-style:normal;} /*set general padding for Ul lists */ .contentwrapper ul { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 10px 0; background:none; } .middle_sidebar ul , .r_sidebar ul , .l_sidebar ul, .contentmiddle ul { background:none; list-style-type:none; } /*titles in widgets*/ .widgettitle, ul.l_sidebar li h2, ul.r_sidebar li h2, ul.middle_sidebar li h2, .middle_sidebar li h2 { font-weight:normal; padding:3px; margin:2px 2px 2px 1px; _font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-family:Lora; color:#fc621f letter-spacing:-.5px; list-style-type:none; background: none !important; font-size: 1.9rem; } .r_sidebar ul {margin-left:-.6rem;} .middle_sidebar ul{ margin-top:1.2rem; margin-left:-1.1rem;} .middle_sidebar ul li {background:none } .contentmiddle li {background: none no-repeat 0 10px; list-style-type:none; zoom:1; /*margin-left: .8rem; */ zoom: 1; padding-left: .2rem; margin-bottom: 0rem; } /* turn off bullets on headers */ .contentwrapper ul {background:none;} /*lists inside lists */ .contentmiddle ul li li {margin-bottom:0rem; margin-left:5rem; list-style-type: none; } .contentwrapper ul {content:"";} .contentmiddle ul li li:before, .contentmiddle ul li:before, .middle_sidebar ul li li :before, /*put right triangle before bullets */ .middle_sidebar ul li li, .r_sidebar ul li li, .l_sidebar ul li li {line-height:inherit;} // Variables @colorBase: #394244; .transition (@prop: all, @time: 1s, @ease: linear) { -webkit-transition: @prop @time @ease; -moz-transition: @prop @time @ease; -o-transition: @prop @time @ease; -ms-transition: @prop @time @ease; transition: @prop @time @ease; } .universal-inline-block { display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline; } /* horizontal buttons */ div .social-icons2 { text-align: center; font-family: "Open Sans"; font-weight: 300; font-size: 1.5em; color: @colorBase; _margin: -2% -8% -2% -14%; } .social-icons2 ul { margin: 0; _padding: 0; list-style-type: none; text-align: center; } .social-icons2 ul li { _padding: 0px 8px 0px 6px; display:inline-block; text-indent:0; margin: 0px -4px 0px -4px;} .social-icons2 ul li a { text-decoration: none; _padding: .1rem .8rem; color: #fff; } .social-icons2-altmargin ul li {padding: 0 20px;} .social-icons2 ul li a:hover{ color: #1497c2; } .margin_left_10 {margin-left:-10px;} .white_background {background-color:white;} .oc-center, .oc-center img { width:100% ; max-width:100% !important; margin:0 auto; display:block; text-align:center;} .oc-center-da, .oc-center-da img, .oc-center-da object, .oc-center-da img { max-width: 100% !important; width: 100% !important; margin:0 auto; display: block; text-align:center;} /*fix expanding captcha refresh */ #fscf_captcha_refresh1 {width: 24px;height: 24px;} .oc-video-container { position: relative; _padding-bottom: 63.25%; padding-bottom:54%; padding-top: 10px; height: 0; } a.mashicon-reddit{background-color: darkred;} /* allow for override of img resizer */ .contentmiddle div.oc-no-resize-center img{ width: inherit !important; margin 0 auto; float:left} /*#footer img{width:inherit!important ;} */ /*footer stuff */ #flexcanvas{ width: 100%; max-width:100%; _height: 600px !important; margin-left: 3px; } .rowParent, .columnParent{ display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: -webkit-flex; display: flex; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -webkit-flex-wrap: nowrap; -ms-flex-wrap: nowrap; flex-wrap: nowrap; -webkit-box-pack: start; -webkit-justify-content: flex-start; -ms-flex-pack: start; justify-content: flex-start; -webkit-align-content: stretch; -ms-flex-line-pack: stretch; align-content: stretch; -webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-align-items: stretch; -ms-flex-align: stretch; align-items: stretch; } .columnParent{ -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } .flexChild{ -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-flex: 1; -ms-flex: 1; flex: 1; -webkit-align-self: auto; -ms-flex-item-align: auto; align-self: auto; margin:1px; font-size:1.3rem; /*border: 1px dotted #d1ccbc */ } .flexChild ul, .flexChild ul li {margin-left:-1.2rem;} .rowChild85696 {padding:1.8rem; margin-bottom:1.4rem} .rowChild9255 {margin:0px;} .minustopbottommargin20{margin-top:-20px !important; margin-bottom:-20px !important;} .minustopbottommargin40{margin-top:-40px !important; margin-bottom:-40px !important;} .minustopmargin20{margin-top:-20px !important;} .minustopmargin40{margin-top:-40px !important;} .curatedcategory ul li { text-decoration: none; list-style-type: none; padding: 0px; margin-left:1.0rem; line-height: 140%;} .curatedcategory ul {margin-left: 1.2rem;} .curatedcategory h2 {margin-left:1.0rem;} .curatedcategory h2 a {font-variant:small-caps;} .contentmiddle ol {list-style-type:decimal; font-size:inherit;} .contentmiddle ol li {list-style-type:decimal; font-size:inherit;line-spacing:120%;margin-bottom:.8rem;} input[type=search] { -moz-appearance:none; -webkit-appearance:none; } .sb-search { position: relative; color:#fff; border:none; width: 20px; width: 0%; min-width: 24px; min-height: 2.4rem; float: right; height:100%; overflow: hidden; -webkit-transition: width 0.3s; -moz-transition: width 0.3s; transition: width 0.6s; -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden; } .sb-search-input, input[type="search"] { position: absolute; top: -6px; right: 0px; border: none; outline: none; margin-right:24px; width: 100%; height: 88%; min-height:2.5rem; _margin: 8px 2px 8px 2px; z-index: 25; _padding: 4px 65px 4px 20px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.8rem; color: white; background-color:#1497c2; } input[type="search"] {background-color:#1497c2;} .sb-icon-search, .sb-search-submit { display:block; position: absolute; border:none; right: 0; top: 0; float: right; padding: 0; _margin: 0; _line-height: 24px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; background-color:#fff; _background-color:#1497c2; _height:1.9rem; color:white; width: 1.6rem; height: 2.3rem; _margin-top: 6px; } .sb-search-submit { background: #fff; /* IE needs this */ -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0)"; /* IE 8 */ filter: alpha(opacity=0); /* IE 5-7 */ opacity: 0; color: transparent; border: none; outline: none; z-index: -1; width: 100%; } /*.sb-icon-search{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat;} */ .sb-icon-search{ color:white; background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat; background-position-y:center; background-margin-y:4px;} li.search-popout {_display:none; top:.8rem;} .sb-search form {min-height:20px;} input[type=text].sb-search-input,textarea.sb-search-input {background-color:#1497c2; color:#FFF;} #navbar :after {clear:both;} /* fix placeholder color */ ::-webkit-input-placeholder { /* WebKit, Blink, Edge */ color: #fff; } :-moz-placeholder { /* Mozilla Firefox 4 to 18 */ color: #fff; opacity: 1; } ::-moz-placeholder { /* Mozilla Firefox 19+ */ color: #fff; opacity: 1; } :-ms-input-placeholder { /* Internet Explorer 10-11 */ color: #fff; } .sb-search.sb-search-open, .no-js .sb-search { width: 100%; min-width:300px; min-width: 75vw; margin-left: -10vw; overflow:visible;; } .sb-search.sb-search-open .sb-icon-search, .no-js .sb-search .sb-icon-search { z-index: 11; } .sb-search.sb-search-open .sb-search-submit, .no-js .sb-search .sb-search-submit { z-index: 90; } .negativetopmargin50 {margin-top:-50px;} .negativetopmargin40 {margin-top:-40px;} .negativetopmargin20 {margin-top:-20px;} .bulleted, .bulleted ul {list-style-type: disc;} .bulleted ul li, .contentmiddle.p1 ul li, .p1 li, .contentmiddle li,.contentmiddle.p1 ul li,.entry ul li, .entry ul {list-style-type: disc;} #last, .last a, .li a last {color:black !important;} .cli-bar-message {font-family:Lora,"Lora",Times,serif;} .addtoany_shortcode div {margin-top: 14px;} /*Step 5 aesthetic tweaks, including column width changes*/ @media only screen and (min-width: 1200px) { body { margin-top:1rem !important;} } @media only screen and (max-width:1024px) and (min-width:930px){ body { _font-size:88%; margin-top: 15px;} ul li#K-12{display:inline} .contentmiddle{width:54%!important} #clearfixheader{ margin-top:30px !important;} #ad_logo_wrapper { margin-left:.2rem; margin-top: 4rem !important;} #navbar {margin-top: -2rem !important;width:100%;} #ad_logo_wrapper {margin: 0 3% 0 3% !important; width:93% !important;} .contentwrapper {width: 94% !important; margin: 6px 1rem 0 1rem !important; _margin: 12px 7% 0 7%;} } @media only screen and (max-width:929px) and (min-width:890px){ #ad_logo_wrapper {margin-left:2% !important; margin-right:2% !important; width:96% !important;} #clearfixheader{ margin-top:65px !important;} .contentmiddle{width:64% !important;} .middle_sidebar{width:34% !important;} } @media only screen and (max-width:891px) and (min-width:821px){ /* less than 891 px, more than 821, run all three ads */ .contentmiddle{width:64% !important;} .middle_sidebar{width:34% !important;} html{margin-top:45px;;} #clearfixheader{ margin-top:60px !important;} /* #wrap{margin-top:100px !important;}*/ /* .left{background: url("/wp-content/themes/openculture_v3a/images/big_white_logo.png") no-repeat !important; min-width:60px !important;} */ #ad_logo_wrapper {margin-left:1% !important; margin-right:1% !important; width:98% !important;} /*.contentwrapper {width:94% !important; margin: 6px 2% 0 2%!important; _margin: 12px 7% 0 7%;} */ } @media only screen and (max-width:814px)and (min-width:740px){ /* less than 820, less than 740, push right sidebar down with wide middle sidebar */ /* this is ipad portrait mode */ /* .r_sidebar{display:none!important} */ html{margin-top:40px;;} .contentmiddle{width:66% !important} .middle_sidebar{width:34% !important} #ad_logo_wrapper {margin-left:2% !important; margin-right:2% !important; width:96% !important;} /*.contentwrapper {width:94% !important; margin: 1.5rem 0rem 0 2rem !important; _margin: 12px 7% 0 7%;} */ #clearfixheader{ margin-top:30px !important;} } @media only screen and (max-width:739px)and (min-width:569px){ /*ipad portrait =768 */ html{font-size:70%; margin-top:30px !important;} .r_sidebar{display:none!important} .contentmiddle{width:62%!important} .middle_sidebar{width:30% !important} /* .contentwrapper {width:94% !important; margin: 0px 3% 0 3% !important;} */ #navbar {margin-top: 4rem !important;} #clearfixheader { margin-bottom: 2rem !important; margin-top:20px !important;} #ad_logo_wrapper {margin-left:4% !important; margin-right:4% !important; width:96% !important;} /* #wrap{margin-top:20px !important;}*/ .middle_sidebar{border-right:solid 0px #fff!important} .right{float:none !important; margin: 0 auto; text-align:center !important;} } @media only screen and (max-width:568px)and (min-width:536px){ /* iphone 6 landscape */ /*h1{font-size:1.3rem} */ html{font-size:72%; margin-top:40px !important;} .contentmiddle{width:100%!important;} .middle_sidebar{display:none!important;} .r_sidebar{display:none!important} /* #wrap{margin-top:30px !important}}*/ #navbar {margin-top: -1.2rem !important } #clearfixheader { margin-bottom: -1.4rem !important; margin-top:20px !important; } .right{width:100%;float:none !important; margin: 0 auto; text-align:center !important;} #ad_logo_wrapper {margin-left:2% !important; margin-right:2% !important; width:96% !important; } /* .contentwrapper {width:96% !important; margin: 1rem 3% 0 3% !important; _margin: 12px 7% 0 7%;} */ } @media only screen and (max-width:535px){ /* */ /*h1{font-size:1.3rem} */ html{font-size:64%; margin-top:0px !important;} .contentmiddle{width:100%!important;} .middle_sidebar{display:none!important;} .r_sidebar{display:none!important} /* #wrap{margin-top:30px !important}}*/ #navbar {margin-top: 1.8rem !important;} #clearfixheader { margin-bottom: -1rem !important; display: inline-flex; height: 100%; margin-top: 35px !important;;} .bottom {min-height:40px !important;margin-top:14px;} .right{float:none 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class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="1279265463" data-ad-format="auto"></ins><br> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script></div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1041730" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/what-happened-between-ridley-scotts-blade-runner-the-coming-sequel-the-story-revealed-in-a-new-short-film-starring-jared-leto.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Jared Leto Stars in a New Prequel to <i>Blade Runner 2049</i>: Watch It Free Online"> Jared Leto Stars in a New Prequel to <i>Blade Runner 2049</i>: Watch It Free Online </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/film" rel="category tag">Film</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/sci_fi" rel="category tag">Sci Fi</a> </em> | August 31st, 2017 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1041730" class="post-1041730 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-film category-sci_fi"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/Vn-csFKhQCg?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen loading="lazy"></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p><em>Blade Runner</em>, as anyone who’s seen so much as its first shot knows, takes place in the Los Angeles of November 2019. Though the film flopped when it came out in 1982, the acclaim and fans it has drawn with each of the 35 years that have passed since didn’t take long to reach the kind of critical mass that demands a sequel. After numerous rumors and false starts, the October release of <em>Blade Runner 2049</em>, produced by <em>Blade Runner</em> director Ridley Scott and directed by <em>Arrival</em> director Denis Villeneuve, now fast approaches. The new movie’s promotional push, which has so far included <a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/05/the-trailer-for-ridley-scotts-long-awaited-blade-runner-sequel-is-finally-out.html">trailers</a> and <a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/06/blade-runner-2049s-new-making-of-featurette-gives-you-a-sneak-peek-inside-the-long-awaited-sequel.html">making-of featurettes</a>, has now begun to tell us what happened between 2019 and 2049.</p> <p>“I decided to ask a couple of artists that I respect to create three short stories that dramatize some key events that occurred after 2019, when the first <em>Blade Runner </em>takes place, but before 2049, when my new <em>Blade Runner </em>story begins,” says Villeneuve in his introduction to <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vn-csFKhQCg">the brand new short above</a>.</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>Taking place in the Los Angeles of 2036, the Luke Scott-directed piece “revolves around Jared Leto’s character, Niander Wallace,” <a href="http://collider.com/blade-runner-2049-short-film-jared-leto/#poster">writes Collider’s Adam Chitwood</a>, who “introduces a new line of ‘perfected’ replicants called the Nexus 9, seeking to get the prohibition on replicants repealed,” the government having shut replicant production down thirteen years before due to a devastating electromagnetic pulse attack for which replicants took the blame.</p> <p>A <a href="https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2017/07/heres-a-brief-history-of-whats-happened-between-blade-runner-and-blade-runner-2049/">timeline appeared at Comic-Con this past summer</a> covering the events of the thirty years between <em>Blade Runner</em> and <em>Blade Runner</em><em> 2049</em>, though in very broad strokes: in 2020 “the Tyrell Corporation introduces a new replicant model, the Nexus 8S, which has extended lifespans,” in 2025 “a new company, Wallace Corp., solves the global food shortage and becomes a massive super power,” in 2049 “life on Earth has reached its limit and society divides between Replicant and human.” The two other short films to come should just about tide over fans until the release of <em>Blade Runner 2049 — </em>not that those who’ve been waiting for a new <em>Blade Runner</em> movie since the 1980s can’t handle another month.</p> <p>The short <em>Blade Runner 2049</em> prequel, entitled “Nexus: 2036,” will be added to our list, <span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freemoviesonline">4,000+ Free Movies Online: Great Classics, Indies, Noir, Westerns, Documentaries & More</a>.</span></p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/06/blade-runner-2049s-new-making-of-featurette-gives-you-a-sneak-peek-inside-the-long-awaited-sequel.html"><em>Blade Runner 2049</em>’s New Making-Of Featurette Gives You a Sneak Peek Inside the Long-Awaited Sequel</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/05/the-trailer-for-ridley-scotts-long-awaited-blade-runner-sequel-is-finally-out.html">The Official Trailer for Ridley Scott’s Long-Awaited <em>Blade Runner </em>Sequel Is Finally Out</a></p> <p><a style="color: #0183b2; text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-size: inherit; line-height: 24px;" title="Permanent Link to Philip K. Dick Previews <i>Blade Runner</i>: “The Impact of the Film is Going to be Overwhelming” (1981)" href="http://www.openculture.com/2013/03/philip_k_dick_previews_blade_runner.html" rel="bookmark">Philip K. Dick Previews Blade Runner: “The Impact of the Film is Going to be Overwhelming” (1981)</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2011/09/the_making_of_blade_runner.html">The <em>Blade Runner</em> Promotional Film</a></p> <p><em>Based in Seoul, <a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Colin Marshall</a> writes and broadcasts on cities and culture. He’s at work on the book </em>The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles<em>, the video series </em><a href="https://vimeo.com/channels/thecityincinema">The City in Cinema</a><em>, the crowdfunded journalism project <a href="https://www.byline.com/project/23">Where Is the City of the Future?</a>, and the Los Angeles Review of Books’ <a href="http://blog.lareviewofbooks.org/category/the-korea-blog/" rel="nofollow">Korea Blog</a>. Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinmarshall</a> or on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">Faceboo</a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">k</a>.</em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/cjmarshall" title="Posts by Colin Marshall" rel="author">Colin Marshall</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/what-happened-between-ridley-scotts-blade-runner-the-coming-sequel-the-story-revealed-in-a-new-short-film-starring-jared-leto.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/what-happened-between-ridley-scotts-blade-runner-the-coming-sequel-the-story-revealed-in-a-new-short-film-starring-jared-leto.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/what-happened-between-ridley-scotts-blade-runner-the-coming-sequel-the-story-revealed-in-a-new-short-film-starring-jared-leto.html#comments">1</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1041734" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/the-periodic-table-of-elements-presented-as-interactive-haikus.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to The Periodic Table of Elements Presented as Interactive Haikus"> The Periodic Table of Elements Presented as Interactive Haikus </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/chemistry" rel="category tag">Chemistry</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/poetry" rel="category tag">Poetry</a> </em> | August 31st, 2017 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1041734" class="post-1041734 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-chemistry category-poetry"> <p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1041735 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="1648" height="970" loading="lazy" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/30205139/haiku-table-of-elements.png" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/30205139/haiku-table-of-elements.png 1648w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/30205139/haiku-table-of-elements-150x88.png 150w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/30205139/haiku-table-of-elements-300x177.png 300w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/30205139/haiku-table-of-elements-768x452.png 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/30205139/haiku-table-of-elements-1024x603.png 1024w" data-sizes="(max-width: 1648px) 100vw, 1648px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1041735" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/30205139/haiku-table-of-elements.png" alt width="1648" height="970" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/30205139/haiku-table-of-elements.png 1648w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/30205139/haiku-table-of-elements-150x88.png 150w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/30205139/haiku-table-of-elements-300x177.png 300w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/30205139/haiku-table-of-elements-768x452.png 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/30205139/haiku-table-of-elements-1024x603.png 1024w" sizes="(max-width: 1648px) 100vw, 1648px"></noscript></p> <p>British poet and speculative fiction writer recently got a little creative with the Periodic Table, writing <a href="http://vis.sciencemag.org/chemhaiku/">one haiku for each element</a>.</p> <p><strong>Carbon</strong></p> <p>Show-stealing diva,<br> throw yourself at anyone,<br> decked out in diamonds.</p> <p><strong>Silicon</strong></p> <p>Locked in rock and sand,<br> age upon age<br> awaiting the digital dawn.</p> <p><strong>Strontium</strong></p> <p>Deadly bone seeker<br> released by Fukushima;<br> your sweet days long gone.</p> <p>You can access <a href="http://vis.sciencemag.org/chemhaiku/">the complete Elemental haiku here</a>.</p> <p>If you would like to sign up for Open Culture’s free email newsletter, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/newsletter-signup">please find it here</a>. Or follow our posts on <a href="https://www.threads.net/@openculture">Threads</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/openculture">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://bsky.app/profile/openculture.bsky.social">BlueSky</a> or <a href="https://toot.community/@openculture">Mastodon</a>.</p> <p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you would like to support the mission of Open Culture, consider <a href="https://bit.ly/3EBHjtX">making a donation to our site</a>. It’s hard to rely 100% on ads, and your <a href="https://bit.ly/3EBHjtX">contributions</a> will help us continue providing the best free cultural and educational materials to learners everywhere. You can contribute through <a href="https://www.openculture.com/help-fund-open-culture">PayPal</a>, <a href="https://bit.ly/3eB2GRB">Patreon</a>, and Venmo (@openculture). Thanks!</span></i><i></i></p> <p><a href="http://mentalfloss.com/article/503382/interactive-periodic-table-features-haiku-each-element">via Mental Floss</a></p> <p><strong>Related Content</strong></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Interactive Periodic Table of Elements Shows How the Elements Actually Get Used in Making Everyday Things" href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/07/interactive-periodic-table-of-elements-shows-how-the-elements-actually-get-used-in-making-everyday-things.html" rel="bookmark">Interactive Periodic Table of Elements Shows How the Elements Actually Get Used in Making Everyday Things</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to The Periodic Table of Elements Scaled to Show The Elements’ Actual Abundance on Earth" href="http://www.openculture.com/2015/10/the-periodic-table-of-elements-scaled-to-show-the-elements-actual-abundance-on-earth.html" rel="bookmark">The Periodic Table of Elements Scaled to Show The Elements’ Actual Abundance on Earth</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Periodic Table Battleship!: A Fun Way To Learn the Elements" href="http://www.openculture.com/2016/10/periodic-table-battleship-a-fun-way-to-learn-the-elements.html" rel="bookmark">Periodic Table Battleship!: A Fun Way To Learn the Elements</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to “The Periodic Table Table” — All The Elements in Hand-Carved Wood" href="http://www.openculture.com/2012/02/the_periodic_table_table.html" rel="bookmark">“The Periodic Table Table” — All The Elements in Hand-Carved Wood</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to World’s Smallest Periodic Table on a Human Hair" href="http://www.openculture.com/2011/01/worlds_smallest_periodic_table_on_a_human_hair.html" rel="bookmark">World’s Smallest Periodic Table on a Human Hair</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to “The Periodic Table of Storytelling” Reveals the Elements of Telling a Good Story" href="http://www.openculture.com/2014/04/the-periodic-table-of-storytelling-reveals-the-elements-of-telling-a-good-story.html" rel="bookmark">“The Periodic Table of Storytelling” Reveals the Elements of Telling a Good Story</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Chemistry on YouTube: “Periodic Table of Videos” Wins SPORE Prize" href="http://www.openculture.com/2011/05/chemistry_on_youtube.html" rel="bookmark">Chemistry on YouTube: “Periodic Table of Videos” Wins SPORE Prize</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Free Online Chemistry Courses" href="http://www.openculture.com/chemistry-free-courses" rel="bookmark">Free Online Chemistry Courses</a></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/dancolman" title="Posts by OC" rel="author">OC</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/the-periodic-table-of-elements-presented-as-interactive-haikus.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/the-periodic-table-of-elements-presented-as-interactive-haikus.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/the-periodic-table-of-elements-presented-as-interactive-haikus.html#comments">2</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1041760" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/man-rays-groundbreaking-surrealist-films-from-the-1920s.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Man Ray and the <i>Cinéma Pur</i>: Watch Four Groundbreaking Surrealist Films From the 1920s"> Man Ray and the <i>Cinéma Pur</i>: Watch Four Groundbreaking Surrealist Films From the 1920s </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/film" rel="category tag">Film</a> </em> | August 31st, 2017 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1041760" class="post-1041760 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-film"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/fxu_NSBEBJE?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen loading="lazy"></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p><br> <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/man-ray-prophet-of-the-avant-garde/510/">Man Ray</a> was one of the leading artists of the avant garde of 1920s and 1930s Paris. A key figure in the <a href="http://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/d/dada">Dada</a> and <a href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/surr/hd_surr.htm">Surrealist</a> movements, his works spanned various media, including film. He was a leading exponent of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur"><em>Cinéma Pur</em></a>, or “Pure Cinema,” which rejected such “bourgeois” conceits as character, setting and plot. Today we present Man Ray’s four influential films of the 1920s.</p> <p><strong><em>Le Retour à la Raison</em></strong> (above) was completed in 1923. The title means “Return to Reason,” and it’s basically a kinetic extension of Man Ray’s still photography. Many of the images in <em>Le Retour</em> are animated photograms, a technique in which opaque, or partially opaque, objects are arranged directly on top of a sheet of photographic paper and exposed to light. The technique is as old as photography itself, but Man Ray had a gift for self-promotion, so he called them “rayographs.” For <em>Le Retour</em>, Man Ray sprinkled objects like salt and pepper and pins onto the photographic paper. He also filmed live-action sequences of an amusement park carousel and other subjects, including the nude torso of his model and lover, Kiki of Montparnasse.</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p><strong><em>Emak-Bakia</em> (1926):</strong></p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/ezkw2i8INlU?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>The 16-minute <em>Emak-Bakia</em> contains some of the same images and visual techniques as <em>Le Retour à la Raison</em>, including rayographs, double images and negative images. But the live-action sequences are more inventive, with dream-like distortions and tilted camera angles. The effect is surreal. “In reply to critics who would like to linger on the merits or defects of the film,” wrote Man Ray in the program notes, “one can reply simply by translating the title ‘Emak Bakia,’ an old Basque expression, which was chosen because it sounds prettily and means: ‘Give us a rest.’ ”</p> <p><strong><em>L’Etoile de Mer</em> (1928):</strong></p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/csEDMzs3SXo?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p><em>L’Etoile de Mer</em> (“The Sea Star”) was a collaboration between Man Ray and the <a href="https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/robert-desnos">surrealist poet Robert Desnos</a>. It features Kiki de Montparnasse (Alice Prin) and André de la Rivière. The distorted, out-of focus images were made by shooting into mirrors and through rough glass. The film is more sensual than Man Ray’s earlier works. As <a href="http://www.albany.edu/writers-inst/webpages4/filmnotes/fnf96n6.html">Donald Faulkner writes</a>:</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><em>In the modernist high tide of 1920s experimental filmmaking, L’Etoile de Mer is a perverse moment of grace, a demonstration that the cinema went farther in its great silent decade than most filmmakers today could ever imagine. Surrealist photographer Man Ray’s film collides words with images (the intertitles are from an otherwise lost work by poet Robert Desnos) to make us psychological witnesses, voyeurs of a kind, to a sexual encounter. A character picks up a woman who is selling newspapers. She undresses for him, but then he seems to leave her. Less interested in her than in the weight she uses to keep her newspapers from blowing away, the man lovingly explores the perceptions generated by her paperweight, a starfish in a glass tube. As the man looks at the starfish, we become aware through his gaze of metaphors for cinema, and for vision itself, in lyrical shots of distorted perception that imply hallucinatory, almost masturbatory sexuality.</em></p> <p><strong><em>Les Mystères du Château de Dé</em> (1929):</strong></p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/V6bSygUuU9o?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>The longest of Man Ray’s films, <em>Les Mystères du Château de Dé</em> (the version above has apparenlty been shortened by seven minutes) follows a pair of travelers on a journey from Paris to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Noailles">Villa Noailles</a> in Hyères, which features a triangular Cubist garden designed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Guevrekian">Gabriel Geuvrikain</a>. “Made as an architectural document and inspired by the poetry of Mallarmé,” writes Kim Knowles in <em>A Cinematic Artist: The Films of Man Ray</em>, “<em>Les Mystères du Château de Dé</em> is the film in which Man Ray most clearly demonstrates his interdisciplinary attitude, particularly in its reference to Stéphane Mallarmé’s poem <em>Un coup de dés jamais n’abolira le hasard</em>.”</p> <p>The films will be listed in our collection, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/freemoviesonline">4,000+ Free Movies Online: Great Classics, Indies, Noir, Westerns, Documentaries & More</a>.</p> <p><em>Note: An earlier version of this post appeared on our site in April, 2012.</em></p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Man Ray Designs a Supremely Elegant, Geometric Chess Set in 1920 (and It’s Now Re-Issued for the Rest of Us)" href="http://www.openculture.com/2016/12/man-ray-designs-a-supremely-elegant-geometric-chess-set-in-1920.html" rel="bookmark">Man Ray Designs a Supremely Elegant, Geometric Chess Set in 1920 (and It’s Now Re-Issued for the Rest of Us)</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Man Ray Creates a “Surrealist Chessboard,” Featuring Portraits of Surrealist Icons: Dalí, Breton, Picasso, Magritte, Miró & Others (1934)" href="http://www.openculture.com/2016/12/man-ray-creates-a-surrealist-chessboard-featuring-portraits-of-surrealist-icons.html" rel="bookmark">Man Ray Creates a “Surrealist Chessboard,” Featuring Portraits of Surrealist Icons: Dalí, Breton, Picasso, Magritte, Miró & Others (1934)</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2015/11/man-rays-artistic-portraits-of-ernest-hemingway-ezra-pound-marcel-duchamp.html">Man Ray’s Portraits of Ernest Hemingway, Ezra Pound, Marcel Duchamp & Many Other 1920s Icons</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2012/04/man_ray_and_the_icinema_puri_four_surrealist_films_from_the_1920s.html">Four Surrealist Films From the 1920</a><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2013/06/dreams_that_money_can_buy.html">Watch <em>Dreams That Money Can Buy</em>, a Surrealist Film by Man Ray, Marcel Duchamp, Alexander Calder, Fernand Léger & Hans Richter</a></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/zmspringer" title="Posts by Mike Springer" rel="author">Mike Springer</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/man-rays-groundbreaking-surrealist-films-from-the-1920s.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/man-rays-groundbreaking-surrealist-films-from-the-1920s.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/man-rays-groundbreaking-surrealist-films-from-the-1920s.html#respond">None</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1041692" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/an-animated-introduction-to-ludwig-wittgenstein-his-philosophical-look-at-the-problems-of-human-communication.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to An Animated Introduction to Ludwig Wittgenstein & His Philosophical Insights on the Problems of Human Communication"> An Animated Introduction to Ludwig Wittgenstein & His Philosophical Insights on the Problems of Human Communication </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/philosophy" rel="category tag">Philosophy</a> </em> | August 30th, 2017 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1041692" class="post-1041692 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-philosophy"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/pQ33gAyhg2c?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>In the recorded history of philosophy, there may be no sharper a mind than <a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/wittgenstein/">Ludwig Wittgenstein</a>. A bête noire, enfant terrible, and all other such phrases used to describe affronts to order and decorum, Wittgenstein also represented an anarchic force that disturbed the staid discipline. His teacher <a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/russell/">Bertrand Russell</a> recognized the existential threat Wittgenstein posed to his profession (though <a href="http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/index.php?s=1&act=refs&CODE=note_detail&id=1165251908">not right away</a>). When Wittgenstein handed Russell the compact, cryptic <a href="http://amzn.to/2goyJJD"><em>Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus</em></a>, he admitted his student had gone beyond his own analytic insights in the pursuit of absolute clarity. Wittgenstein’s longtime mentor and friend, famed logician and mathematician <a href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/frege/">Gottlob Frege</a>, expressed criticism. Some have suggested he did so in part because he saw that Wittgenstein had rendered much of his work irrelevant.</p> <p>Alain de Botton gives a brief but fascinating sketch of Wittgenstein’s ideas and incredibly odd biography in the School of Life video above. The eccentric Austrian savant, he asserts, “can help us with our communication problems” through his penetrating, though often impenetrable, claims about language. That may be so. But we may need to redefine what we mean by “communication.” According to Wittgenstein in the <a href="http://amzn.to/2goyJJD"><em>Tractatus</em></a>, an overwhelming percentage of what we obsess about on a daily basis—political and religious abstractions, for example—is so totally incoherent and muddled that it means nothing at all. He revised this opinion dramatically in his later thought.</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/x86hLtOkou8?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Though he published nothing after the <em>Tractatus</em> and soon became a near-recluse after his startling entry into analytic philosophy, notes from his students were collected and published as well as a posthumous book called <a href="http://amzn.to/2wI2J9R"><em>Philosophical Investigations</em></a>. This version of Wittgenstein’s approach to the problems of communication involves a development of the “ostensive”—or demonstrative—role of language. Wittgenstein made an argument that language can only serve a social, rather than a personal, subjective, function. To make the point, he introduced his “Beetle in a Box” analogy, which you can see explained above in an animated BBC video written by Nigel Warburton and narrated by Aidan Turner.</p> <p>The analogy uses the idea of each of us claiming to have a beetle in a box as a stand in for our individual, private experiences. We all claim to have them (we can even observe brain states), but no one can ever see inside the theater of our minds to verify. We simply have to take each other’s word for it. We play “language games,” which only have meaning in respect to their context. That such games can be mutually intelligible among individuals who are otherwise  opaque to each other has to do with our shared environment, abilities, and limitations. Should we, however, meet a lion who could speak—in perfectly intelligible English—we would not, Wittgenstein asserted, be able to understand a single word. The vastly different experiences of human versus lion would not translate through any medium.</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/cu-NdBwF7uk?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Just above, we have an explanation of this thought experiment from an unlikely source, Ricky Gervais, in an attempted explanation to his comic foil Karl Pilkington, who takes things in his own peculiar direction. Though Wittgenstein used the idea for a different purpose, his observation about the unbridgeable chasm between humans and lions anticipates Thomas Nagel’s provocative claims in the 1974 essay “<a href="http://organizations.utep.edu/portals/1475/nagel_bat.pdf" rel="nofollow">What is it like to be a bat?</a>” We cannot inhabit the subjective states of beings so different from us, and therefore cannot say much of anything about their consciousness. Maybe it isn’t like anything to be a bat. Luckily for humans, we do have the ability to imagine each other’s experiences, in indirect, imperfect, roundabout, ways, and we all have enough shared context that we can, at least theoretically, use language to produce more clarity of thought and greater social harmony.</p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2016/08/wittgensteins-tractatus-logico-philosophicus-as-a-german-one-woman-opera.html">Hear Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus Sung as a One-Woman Opera</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2016/04/in-search-of-ludwig-wittgensteins-secluded-hut-in-norway-a-short-travel-film.html">In Search of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Secluded Hut in Norway: A Short Travel Film</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2015/05/ludwig-wittgensteins-short-strange-brutal-stint-as-an-elementary-school-teacher.html">Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Short, Strange & Brutal Stint as an Elementary School Teacher</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2014/12/wittgenstein-and-hitler-attend-the-same-school-in-austria.html" rel="nofollow">Wittgenstein and Hitler Attended the Same School in Austria, at the Same Time (1904)</a></p> <p><em><a href="http://about.me/jonesjoshua">Josh Jones</a> is a writer and musician based in Durham, NC. Follow him at <a href="https://twitter.com/jdmagness">@jdmagness</a></em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/jdavidjones" title="Posts by Josh Jones" rel="author">Josh Jones</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/an-animated-introduction-to-ludwig-wittgenstein-his-philosophical-look-at-the-problems-of-human-communication.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/an-animated-introduction-to-ludwig-wittgenstein-his-philosophical-look-at-the-problems-of-human-communication.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/an-animated-introduction-to-ludwig-wittgenstein-his-philosophical-look-at-the-problems-of-human-communication.html#comments">1</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1041682" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/margaret-hamilton-lead-software-engineer-of-the-apollo-project-stands-next-to-her-code-that-took-us-to-the-moon-1969.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Margaret Hamilton, Lead Software Engineer of the Apollo Project, Stands Next to Her Code That Took Us to the Moon (1969)"> Margaret Hamilton, Lead Software Engineer of the Apollo Project, Stands Next to Her Code That Took Us to the Moon (1969) </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/gender" rel="category tag">Gender</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/science" rel="category tag">Science</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/software" rel="category tag">Software</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/technology" rel="category tag">Technology</a> </em> | August 30th, 2017 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1041682" class="post-1041682 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-gender category-science category-software category-technology"> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1041683 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="639" height="426" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/29205628/margaret-hamilton-mit-apollo-code_0.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/29205628/margaret-hamilton-mit-apollo-code_0.jpg 639w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/29205628/margaret-hamilton-mit-apollo-code_0-150x100.jpg 150w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/29205628/margaret-hamilton-mit-apollo-code_0-300x200.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1041683" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/29205628/margaret-hamilton-mit-apollo-code_0.jpg" alt width="639" height="426" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/29205628/margaret-hamilton-mit-apollo-code_0.jpg 639w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/29205628/margaret-hamilton-mit-apollo-code_0-150x100.jpg 150w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/29205628/margaret-hamilton-mit-apollo-code_0-300x200.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px"></noscript></p> <p align="right"><small><em>Photo courtesy of MIT Museum</em></small></p> <p>When I first read news of the now-infamous Google memo writer who claimed with a straight face that women are biologically unsuited to work in science and tech, I nearly choked on my cereal. A dozen examples instantly crowded to mind of women who have pioneered the very basis of our current technology while operating at an extreme disadvantage in a culture that explicitly believed they shouldn’t be there, this shouldn’t be happening, women shouldn’t be able to do a “man’s job!”</p> <p>The memo, as <a href="https://www.wired.com/story/the-pernicious-science-of-james-damores-google-memo/">Megan Molteni and Adam Rogers write at <em>Wired</em></a>, “is a species of discourse peculiar to politically polarized times: cherry-picking scientific evidence to support a pre-existing point of view.” Its specious evolutionary psychology pretends to objectivity even as it ignores reality. As Mulder would say, the truth is out there, if you care to look, and you don’t need to dig through classified FBI files. Just, well, Google it. No, not the pseudoscience, but the careers of women in STEM without whom we might not have such a thing as Google.</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>Women like Margaret Hamilton, who, beginning in 1961, helped NASA “develop the Apollo program’s guidance system” that took U.S. astronauts to the moon, as <a href="http://news.mit.edu/2016/scene-at-mit-margaret-hamilton-apollo-code-0817">Maia Weinstock reports at MIT News</a>. “For her work during this period, Hamilton has been credited with popularizing the concept of software engineering.” Robert McMillan put it best in <a href="https://www.wired.com/2015/10/margaret-hamilton-nasa-apollo/#slide-1">a 2015 profile of Hamilton</a>:</p> <blockquote><p><em>It might surprise today’s software makers that one of the founding fathers of their boys’ club was, in fact, a mother—and that should give them pause as they consider why the gender inequality of the Mad Men era persists to this day.</em></p></blockquote> <p>Hamilton was indeed a mother in her twenties with a degree in mathematics, working as a programmer at MIT and supporting her husband through Harvard Law, after which she planned to go to graduate school. “But the Apollo space program came along” and contracted with NASA to fulfill John F. Kennedy’s <a href="john%20f%20kennedy%20landing%20a%20man%20on%20the%20moon" rel="nofollow">famous promise made that same year</a> to land on the moon before the decade’s end—and before the Soviets did. NASA accomplished that goal thanks to Hamilton and her team.</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1041684 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="1067" height="840" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/29205720/mhh-apollo1.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/29205720/mhh-apollo1.jpg 1067w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/29205720/mhh-apollo1-150x118.jpg 150w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/29205720/mhh-apollo1-300x236.jpg 300w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/29205720/mhh-apollo1-768x605.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/29205720/mhh-apollo1-1024x806.jpg 1024w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 1067px) 100vw, 1067px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1041684" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/29205720/mhh-apollo1.jpg" alt width="1067" height="840" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/29205720/mhh-apollo1.jpg 1067w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/29205720/mhh-apollo1-150x118.jpg 150w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/29205720/mhh-apollo1-300x236.jpg 300w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/29205720/mhh-apollo1-768x605.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/08/29205720/mhh-apollo1-1024x806.jpg 1024w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1067px) 100vw, 1067px"></noscript></p> <p align="right"><small><em>Photo courtesy of MIT Museum</em></small></p> <p>Like many women crucial to the U.S. space program (many doubly marginalized by race and gender), Hamilton might have been lost to public consciousness were it not for a popular rediscovery. “In recent years,” notes Weinstock, “a striking photo of Hamilton and her team’s Apollo code has made the rounds on social media.” You can see that photo at the top of the post, taken in 1969 by a photographer for the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. Used to promote the lab’s work on Apollo, the original caption read, in part, “Here, Margaret is shown standing beside listings of the software developed by her and the team she was in charge of, the LM [lunar module] and CM [command module] on-board flight software team.”</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/PPLDZMjgaf8?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>As Hank Green tells it in his condensed history above, Hamilton “rose through the ranks to become head of the Apollo Software development team.” Her focus on errors—how to prevent them and course correct when they arise—“saved Apollo 11 from having to abort the mission” of landing Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the moon’s surface. McMillan explains that “as Hamilton and her colleagues were programming the Apollo spacecraft, they were also hatching what would become a $400 billion industry.” At Futurism, you can <a href="https://futurism.com/margaret-hamilton-the-untold-story-of-the-woman-who-took-us-to-the-moon/">read a fascinating interview with Hamilton</a>, in which she describes how she first learned to code, what her work for NASA was like, and what exactly was in those books stacked as high as she was tall. As a woman, she may have been an outlier in her field, but that fact is much better explained by the Occam’s razor of prejudice than by anything having to do with evolutionary determinism.</p> <p>Note: You can now <a href="https://github.com/chrislgarry/Apollo-11/">find Hamilton’s code on Github</a>.</p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/03/how-sultry-1940s-film-star-hedy-lamarr-helped-invent-the-technology-behind-wi-fi-bluetooth-during-wwii.html">How 1940s Film Star Hedy Lamarr Helped Invent the Technology Behind Wi-Fi & Bluetooth During WWII</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Meet Grace Hopper, the Pioneering Computer Scientist Who Helped Invent COBOL and Build the Historic Mark I Computer (1906-1992)" href="http://www.openculture.com/2018/08/grace-hopper-the-pioneering-computer-scientist.html" rel="bookmark">Meet Grace Hopper, the Pioneering Computer Scientist Who Helped Invent COBOL and Build the Historic Mark I Computer (1906–1992)</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/06/how-ada-lovelace-daughter-of-lord-byron-wrote-the-first-computer-program-in-1842.html">How Ada Lovelace, Daughter of Lord Byron, Wrote the First Computer Program in 1842–a Century Before the First Computer</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/03/nasa-its-software-online-makes-it-free-to-download.html">NASA Puts Its Software Online & Makes It Free to Download</a></p> <p><em><a href="http://about.me/jonesjoshua">Josh Jones</a> is a writer and musician based in Durham, NC. Follow him at <a href="https://twitter.com/jdmagness">@jdmagness</a></em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/jdavidjones" title="Posts by Josh Jones" rel="author">Josh Jones</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/margaret-hamilton-lead-software-engineer-of-the-apollo-project-stands-next-to-her-code-that-took-us-to-the-moon-1969.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/margaret-hamilton-lead-software-engineer-of-the-apollo-project-stands-next-to-her-code-that-took-us-to-the-moon-1969.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/margaret-hamilton-lead-software-engineer-of-the-apollo-project-stands-next-to-her-code-that-took-us-to-the-moon-1969.html#comments">9</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1041387" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/how-to-listen-to-music-a-free-course-from-yale-university.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to How to Listen to Music: A Free Course from Yale University"> How to Listen to Music: A Free Course from Yale University </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/music" rel="category tag">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/online_courses" rel="category tag">Online Courses</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/yale" rel="category tag">Yale</a> </em> | August 30th, 2017 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1041387" class="post-1041387 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-music category-online_courses category-yale"> <div class="oc-video-container"><iframe loading="lazy" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/playlist?list=PLGQlhWonA985PM36WWuHoFXtPWsGVD2qL" width="560"></iframe></div> <p>Taught by Yale professor <a href="http://yalemusic.yale.edu/people/craig-wright">Craig Wright</a>, this course, <em>Listening to Music</em>, operates on the assumption that listening to music is “not simply a passive activity one can use to relax, but rather, an active and rewarding process.” When we understand the basic elements of Western music (e.g., rhythm, melody, and form), we can appreciate music in entirely new ways. That includes everything from classical music, rock and techno, to Gregorian chant and the blues.</p> <p>You can watch the 23 lectures above, on <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLh9mgdi4rNezhx8YiGIV8I22ICSuzslja">YouTube</a>, or <a href="http://oyc.yale.edu/music/musi-112#syllabus" rel="nofollow">Yale’s website</a>, where you’ll also find a <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170606005254/https://oyc.yale.edu/music/musi-112">syllabus </a>and information on <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171017111038/http://oyc.yale.edu/music/musi-112#sessions">each class session</a>. The main text used in the course is <em><a href="http://amzn.to/2wRmWKA">Listening to Music</a>, </em>written<em> </em>by the professor himself.</p> <p><em>Listening to Music </em>will be added to the Music section of our ever-growing collection, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/freeonlinecourses">1,700 Free Online Courses from Top Universities</a>.</p> <p>It’s also worth noting that Prof. Wright has created an interactive MOOC called <a href="https://coursera.pxf.io/MXvMk2">Introduction to Classical Music</a>. You might want to <a href="https://coursera.pxf.io/MXvMk2">check it out</a>.</p> <p>If you would like to sign up for Open Culture’s free email newsletter, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/newsletter-signup">please find it here</a>. Or follow our posts on <a href="https://www.threads.net/@openculture">Threads</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/openculture">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://bsky.app/profile/openculture.bsky.social">BlueSky</a> or <a href="https://toot.community/@openculture">Mastodon</a>.</p> <p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you would like to support the mission of Open Culture, consider <a href="https://bit.ly/3EBHjtX">making a donation to our site</a>. It’s hard to rely 100% on ads, and your <a href="https://bit.ly/3EBHjtX">contributions</a> will help us continue providing the best free cultural and educational materials to learners everywhere. You can contribute through <a href="https://www.openculture.com/help-fund-open-culture">PayPal</a>, <a href="https://bit.ly/3eB2GRB">Patreon</a>, and Venmo (@openculture). Thanks!</span></i><i></i></p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Evelyn Glennie (a Musician Who Happens to Be Deaf) Shows How We Can Listen to Music with Our Entire Bodies" href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/06/evelyn-glennie-a-musician-who-happens-to-be-deaf-shows-how-we-can-listen-to-music-with-our-entire-bodies.html" rel="bookmark">Evelyn Glennie (a Musician Who Happens to Be Deaf) Shows How We Can Listen to Music with Our Entire Bodies</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Download 400,000 Free Classical Musical Scores & 46,000 Free Classical Recordings from the International Music Score Library Project" href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/08/download-400000-free-classical-musical-scores-46000-free-classical-recordings.html" rel="bookmark">Download 400,000 Free Classical Musical Scores & 46,000 Free Classical Recordings from the International Music Score Library Project</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Playing an Instrument Is a Great Workout For Your Brain: New Animation Explains Why" href="http://www.openculture.com/2014/08/playing-an-instrument-is-a-great-workout-for-your-brain.html" rel="bookmark">Playing an Instrument Is a Great Workout For Your Brain: New Animation Explains Why</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to 1200 Years of Women Composers: A Free 78-Hour Music Playlist That Takes You From Medieval Times to Now" href="http://www.openculture.com/2015/10/1200-years-of-women-composers-a-free-78-hour-music-playlist.html" rel="bookmark">1200 Years of Women Composers: A Free 78-Hour Music Playlist That Takes You From Medieval Times to Now</a></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/dancolman" title="Posts by OC" rel="author">OC</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/how-to-listen-to-music-a-free-course-from-yale-university.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/how-to-listen-to-music-a-free-course-from-yale-university.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/how-to-listen-to-music-a-free-course-from-yale-university.html#comments">9</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1041677" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/alice-in-wonderland-gets-re-envisioned-by-a-neural-network-in-the-style-of-paintings-by-picasso-van-gogh-kahlo-okeeffe-more.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to <i>Alice in Wonderland</i> Gets Re-Envisioned by a Neural Network in the Style of Paintings By Picasso, van Gogh, Kahlo, O’Keeffe & More"> <i>Alice in Wonderland</i> Gets Re-Envisioned by a Neural Network in the Style of Paintings By Picasso, van Gogh, Kahlo, O’Keeffe & More </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/art" rel="category tag">Art</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/technology" rel="category tag">Technology</a> </em> | August 30th, 2017 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1041677" class="post-1041677 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-art category-technology"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <iframe loading="lazy" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/139123754" width="640" height="385" frameborder="0"></iframe> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>An artist just starting out might first imitate the styles of others, and if all goes well, the process of learning those styles will lead them to a style of their own. But how does one learn something like an artistic style in a way that isn’t simply imitative? Artificial intelligence, and especially the current developments in making computers not just think but learn, will certainly shed some light in the process — and produce, along the way, such fascinating projects as the video above, <a href="https://vimeo.com/139123754">a re-envisioning of Disney’s <em>Alice in Wonderland</em></a> in the styles of famous artists: Pablo Picasso, Georgia O’Keeffe, Katsushika Hokusai<em>, </em>Frida Kahlo, Vincent van Gogh and others.</p> <p>The idea behind this technological process, known as “<a href="http://genekogan.com/works/style-transfer/">style transfer</a>,” is “to take two images, say, a photo of a person and a painting, and use these to create a third image that combines the content of the former with the style of the later,” says <a href="https://blog.paperspace.com/art-with-neural-networks/" rel="nofollow">an explanatory post at the Paperspace Blog</a>.</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>“The central problem of style transfer revolves around our ability to come up with a clear way of computing the ‘content’ of an image as distinct from computing the ‘style’ of an image. Before <a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/08/new-deep-learning-courses-released-on-coursera.html">deep learning</a> arrived at the scene, researchers had been handcrafting methods to extract the content and texture of images, merge them and see if the results were interesting or garbage.”</p> <p>Deep learning, the family of methods that enable computers to teach themselves, involves providing an artificial intelligence system called a “neural network” with huge amounts of data and letting it draw inferences. In experiments like these, the systems take in visual data and make inferences about how one set of data, like the content of frames of <em>Alice in Wonderland</em>, might look when rendered in the colors and contours of another, such as some of the most famous paintings in all of art history. (Others have tried it, as we’ve previously featured, with <em><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2016/06/kubricks-2001-a-space-odyssey-rendered-in-the-style-of-picasso-blade-runner-in-the-style-of-van-gogh.html">2001: A Space Odyssey </a></em>and <a href="http://www.openculture.com/2016/06/kubricks-2001-a-space-odyssey-rendered-in-the-style-of-picasso-blade-runner-in-the-style-of-van-gogh.html"><em>Blade Runner</em></a>.) If the technology at work here piques your curiosity, have a look at Google’s <a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/07/google-launches-free-course-on-deep-learning.html">free online course on deep learning</a> or this <a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/08/new-deep-learning-courses-released-on-coursera.html">new set of courses from Coursera</a>— it probably won’t improve your art skills, but it will certainly increase your understanding of a development that will play an ever larger role in the culture and economy ahead.</p> <p>Here’s a full list of painters used in the neural networked version of <em>Alice</em>:</p> <p>Pablo Picasso<br> Georgia O’Keeffe<br> S.H. Raza<br> Hokusai<br> Frida Kahlo<br> Vincent van Gogh<br> Tarsila<br> Saloua Raouda Choucair<br> Lee Krasner<br> Sol Lewitt<br> Wu Guanzhong<br> Elaine de Kooning<br> Ibrahim el-Salahi<br> Minnie Pwerle<br> Jean-Michel Basquiat<br> Edvard Munch<br> Natalia Goncharova</p> <p>via <a href="http://kottke.org/15/09/alice-in-a-neural-networks-wonderland">Kottke</a></p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2016/06/kubricks-2001-a-space-odyssey-rendered-in-the-style-of-picasso-blade-runner-in-the-style-of-van-gogh.html">Kubrick’s <em>2001: A Space Odyssey</em> Rendered in the Style of Picasso; <em>Blade Runner</em> in the Style of Van Gogh</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2016/10/what-happens-when-blade-runner-a-scanner-darkly-get-remade-with-an-artificial-neural-network.html">What Happens When <em>Blade Runner</em> & <em>A Scanner Darkly</em> Get Remade with an Artificial Neural Network</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/07/google-launches-free-course-on-deep-learning.html">Google Launches Free Course on Deep Learning: The Science of Teaching Computers How to Teach Themselves</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/08/new-deep-learning-courses-released-on-coursera.html">New Deep Learning Courses Released on Coursera, with Hope of Teaching Millions the Basics of Artificial Intelligence</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to The First Film Adaptation of <i>Alice in Wonderland</i> (1903)" href="http://www.openculture.com/2016/03/the-earliest-film-adaptation-of-alice-in-wonderland-from-1903.html" rel="bookmark">The First Film Adaptation of Alice in Wonderland (1903)</a></p> <p><em>Based in Seoul, <a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Colin Marshall</a> writes and broadcasts on cities and culture. He’s at work on the book </em>The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles<em>, the video series </em><a href="https://vimeo.com/channels/thecityincinema">The City in Cinema</a><em>, the crowdfunded journalism project <a href="https://www.byline.com/project/23">Where Is the City of the Future?</a>, and the Los Angeles Review of Books’ <a href="http://blog.lareviewofbooks.org/category/the-korea-blog/" rel="nofollow">Korea Blog</a>. Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinmarshall</a> or on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">Faceboo</a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">k</a>.</em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/cjmarshall" title="Posts by Colin Marshall" rel="author">Colin Marshall</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/alice-in-wonderland-gets-re-envisioned-by-a-neural-network-in-the-style-of-paintings-by-picasso-van-gogh-kahlo-okeeffe-more.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/alice-in-wonderland-gets-re-envisioned-by-a-neural-network-in-the-style-of-paintings-by-picasso-van-gogh-kahlo-okeeffe-more.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/alice-in-wonderland-gets-re-envisioned-by-a-neural-network-in-the-style-of-paintings-by-picasso-van-gogh-kahlo-okeeffe-more.html#respond">None</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1041639" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/the-art-of-david-lynch.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to “The Art of David Lynch”— How Rene Magritte, Edward Hopper & Francis Bacon Influenced David Lynch’s Cinematic Vision"> “The Art of David Lynch”— How Rene Magritte, Edward Hopper & Francis Bacon Influenced David Lynch’s Cinematic Vision </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/art" rel="category tag">Art</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/film" rel="category tag">Film</a> </em> | August 29th, 2017 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1041639" class="post-1041639 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-art category-film"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <iframe loading="lazy" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/223616087" width="640" height="385" frameborder="0"></iframe> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>When an artist becomes an adjective—think Orwellian, Kafkaesque, or Joycean—one of two things can happen: their work can be superficially appropriated, reduced to a collection of obvious gestures clumsily combined in bad pastiche. Or their distinctive style can inspire artists with more skill and depth to make original creations that may themselves become touchstones for the future. What might distinguish one from the other is the degree to which we understand not only the work of Orwell, Kafka, or Joyce, but also the work that influenced them.</p> <p>When it comes to David Lynch, there’s no doubt that the “Lynchian” stands as a model for so much contemporary film and television. But while some directors make excellent use of Lynch’s influence, others strive for Lynchian atmosphere only to reach a kind of uninspired, unintentional parody. The sublime balance of humor and horror Lynch has achieved over the course of his extraordinary career seems like the kind of thing one shouldn’t attempt without serious study and preparation.</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>Without Lynch’s surrealist vision, oddball characterization and dialogue fall flat—as in <em>Twin Peaks</em>’ second season, which <a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/05/david-lynch-twin-peaks-season-two">Lynch himself says “sucked.”</a> So what defines the Lynchian? A very <a href="http://www.openculture.com/2016/08/angelo-badalamenti-reveals-how-he-and-david-lynch-composed-the-twin-peaks-love-theme.html">distinctive use of music</a>, for one thing. And as the video essay above by Menno Kooistra demonstrates, the significant influence of painting. Lynch himself began painting and drawing at a young age and studied art at the <a href="https://smfa.tufts.edu">School of the Museum of Fine Arts</a> in Boston in the sixties. While he found his calling in film, his art education prepared him to dream up the unforgettable compositions of the Lynchian world.</p> <p><a href="http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/rene-magritte-1553">Rene Magritte</a>, <a href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/hopp/hd_hopp.htm">Edward Hopper,</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Böcklin">Arnold Böcklin</a>, and the master of psychological horror, <a href="http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/francis-bacon-682">Francis Bacon</a>—all of these painters have directly informed Lynch’s nightmarish mise-en-scène. As you’ll see in Kooistra’s video, in side by side comparisons, Lynch adapts the work of his favorite artists for his own purposes. In an interview clip, he says he discovered Bacon at a gallery in 1966 and found the experience “thrilling”—later using the painter’s work as inspiration for <em>The Elephant Man</em> and <em>Twin Peak</em>’s disorienting Red Room.</p> <p>We see Lynch’s homage to his favorite painters in <em>Eraserhead</em> and <em>Blue Velvet,</em> as well as the current, third season of <em>Twin Peaks</em>, over which he has (as he well should) complete creative control. You may not find Francis Bacon’s disturbing portraits quite as thrilling as Lynch does, or draw on Edward Hopper for a warped version of 1950’s Americana. These are Lynch’s references; they resonate on his particular frequency, and hence provide him with visual frames for his own personal dream logic.</p> <p>But what we might take away from “The Art of David Lynch” is that the Lynchian is necessarily tied to a painterly sensibility, and that without the influence of fine art on composition, color, and framing, a Lynchian production may be in danger of looking—as he says of that disappointing <em>Twin Peaks</em>’ second season—“stupid and goofy.”</p> <p>via <a href="http://www.indiewire.com/2017/07/david-lynch-painting-influences-video-francis-bacon-edward-hopper-1201851064/">IndieWire</a></p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2016/12/the-surreal-filmmaking-of-david-lynch-explained-in-nine-video-essays.html">The Surreal Filmmaking of David Lynch Explained in 9 Video Essays</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2016/08/angelo-badalamenti-reveals-how-he-and-david-lynch-composed-the-twin-peaks-love-theme.html">Angelo Badalamenti Reveals How He and David Lynch Composed the Twin Peaks‘ “Love Theme”</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2016/08/hear-the-music-of-david-lynchs-twin-peaks-played-by-the-danish-national-symphony-orchestra.html">Hear the Music of David Lynch’s Twin Peaks Played by the Danish National Symphony Orchestra</a></p> <p><em><a href="http://about.me/jonesjoshua">Josh Jones</a> is a writer and musician based in Durham, NC. Follow him at <a href="https://twitter.com/jdmagness">@jdmagness</a></em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/jdavidjones" title="Posts by Josh Jones" rel="author">Josh Jones</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/the-art-of-david-lynch.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/the-art-of-david-lynch.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/the-art-of-david-lynch.html#respond">None</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cleared"></div> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/08/page/2" >More in this category... »</a> </div>  <div class="middle_sidebar"> <ul id="middle_sidebarwidgeted"> <li id="execphp-431254483" class="widget widget_execphp"><h2 class="widgettitle">Essentials</h2> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freeonlinecourses">1,700 Free Online Courses</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/online-certificate-programs">200 Online Certificate Programs</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/online-degrees">100+ Online Degree & Mini-Degree Programs</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freemoviesonline">1,150 Free Movies</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freeaudiobooks">1,000 Free Audio Books</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/great-podcasts">150+ Best Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/free_ebooks">800 Free eBooks</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/free_textbooks">200 Free Textbooks</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freelanguagelessons">300 Free Language Lessons</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/business_free_courses">150 Free Business Courses</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/free_k-12_educational_resources">Free K-12 Education</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/dailyemail">Get Our Daily Email</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254506" class="widget widget_execphp"><h2 class="widgettitle">Support Us</h2> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox noborder"> <br> We're hoping to rely on loyal readers, rather than erratic ads. 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href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/04/getty-museum-adds-another-77000-images-to-its-open-content-archive.html">The Getty</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/04/rijksmuseum-digitizes-makes-free-online-210000-works-of-art-masterpieces-included.html">The Rijksmuseum</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/06/smithsonian-digitizes-lets-you-download-40000-works-of-asian-and-american-art.html">Smithsonian</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/10/free-the-guggenheim-puts-online-1600-great-works-of-modern-art-from-575-artists.html">The Guggenheim</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/12/the-tate-digitizes-70000-works-of-art.html">The Tate</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/04/download-35000-works-of-art-from-the-national-gallery.html">The National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/01/whitney-museum-puts-online-21000-works-of-american-art.html">The Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/03/la_county_museum_makes_20000_artistic_images_available_for_free.html">LA County Museum</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/12/45000-works-of-art-from-stanford-universitys-cantor-arts-center-now-freely-viewable-online.html">Stanford University</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/09/the-british-library-puts-over-1000000-images-in-the-public-domain-a-deeper-dive-into-the-collection.html">British Library</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/12/google-puts-over-57000-works-of-art-on-the-web.html">Google Art Project</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/02/14000-free-images-from-the-french-revolution-now-available-online.html">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/03/getty-images-makes-35-million-photos-free-to-use-online.html">Getty Images</a></li> <li><a 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Eliot Reads Waste Land</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/05/hear_sylvia_plath_read_fifteen_poems_from_her_final_collection_ariel_in_1962_recording.html">Sylvia Plath - Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/06/on_bloomsday_hear_james_joyce_read_from_his_epic_iulyssesi_1924.html">Joyce Reads Ulysses</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/02/james_joyce_reads_anna_livia_plurabelle_from_ifinnegans_wakei.html">Joyce - Finnegans Wake</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/01/watch_patti_smith_read_from_virginia_woolf_and_hear_the_only_surviving_recording_of_woolfs_voice.html">Patti Smith Reads Virginia Woolf</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/03/listen_as_albert_einstein_reads_the_common_language_of_science_1941.html">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/charles-bukowski-poem-read-by-bukowski-tom-waits-and-bono.html">Charles Bukowski</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/bill-murray-reads-poetry-by-billy-collins-cole-porter-and-sarah-manguso.html">Bill Murray</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2010/04/ernest_hemingway_reads_in_harrys_bar_in_venice.html">Hemingway</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/09/f_scott_fitzgerald_reads_from_shakespeares_iothelloi_and_john_masefields_on_growing_old_c1940.html">Fitzgerald Reads Shakespeare</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2010/04/william_faulkner_reads_from_as_i_lay_dying.html">William Faulkner</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/05/rare_1959_audio_flannery_oconnor_reads_a_good_man_is_hard_to_find.html">Flannery O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/j-r-r-tolkien-reads-from-the-two-towers-the-second-book-of-the-lord-of-the-rings-trilogy.html">Tolkien - The Hobbit</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/06/allen_ginsberg_reads_his_beat_classic_poem_howl.html">Allen Ginsberg - Howl</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/06/rare_1930s_audio_wb_yeats_reads_four_of_his_poems.html">W.B Yeats</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/10/ezra_pounds_fiery_1939_reading_of_his_early_poem_isestina_altafortei.html">Ezra Pound</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/08/dylan_thomas_recites_do_not_go_gentle_into_that_good_night_and_other_poems.html">Dylan Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/02/anne_sexton_confessional_poet_reads_wanting_to_die_in_ominous_1966_video.html">Anne Sexton</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/06/john-cheever-reads-the-swimmer.html">John Cheever</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/09/hear-david-foster-wallace-read-his-own-essays-and-short-fiction.html">David Foster Wallace</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254484" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Book Lists By</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2011/12/neil_degrasse_tyson_8_books_every_intelligent_person_should_read.html">Neil deGrasse Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/05/ernest_hemingways_reading_list_for_a_young_writer_1934.html">Ernest Hemingway</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/f-scott-fitzgerald-creates-a-list-of-22-essential-books-1936.html">F. Scott Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/05/allen_ginsbergs_celestial_homework_a_reading_list_for_his_class_literary_history_of_the_beats.html">Allen Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/04/patti-smiths-list-of-favorite-books.html">Patti Smith</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/08/brian-eno-book-lists.html">Brian Eno</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/04/henry-miller-makes-a-list-of-the-100-books-that-influenced-me-most.html">Henry Miller</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/09/christopher_hitchens_creates_a_reading_list_for_eight-year-old_girl.html">Christopher Hitchens</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/11/joseph-brodskys-reading-list-for-having-an-intelligent-conversation.html">Joseph Brodsky</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/02/wh_audens_1941_literature_syllabus_asks_students_to_read_32_great_works_covering_6000_pages_.html">W.H. Auden</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/03/donald_barthelmes_syllabus_highlights_81_books_essential_for_a_literary_education_.html">Donald Barthelme</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/07/carl_sagans_undergrad_reading_list_from_plato_and_shakespeare_to_huxley_and_gide.html">Carl Sagan</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/10/david-bowies-list-of-top-100-books.html">David Bowie</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/03/the-books-samuel-beckett-really-liked.html">Samuel Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/09/art-garfunkel-lists-1195-books.html">Art Garfunkel</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/10/the-430-books-in-marilyn-monroes-library.html">Marilyn Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/03/jorge-luis-borges-personal-library.html">Jorge Luis Borges</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/03/74-books-curated-by-female-creatives.html">Picks by Female Creatives</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li><li id="execphp-431254513" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254490" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Syllabi</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/02/wh_audens_1941_literature_syllabus_asks_students_to_read_32_great_works_covering_6000_pages_.html">WH Auden</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/02/david_foster_wallaces_1994_syllabus.html">David Foster Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/03/donald_barthelmes_syllabus_highlights_81_books_essential_for_a_literary_education_.html">Donald Barthelme</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/05/allen_ginsbergs_celestial_homework_a_reading_list_for_his_class_literary_history_of_the_beats.html">Allen Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/zadie-smith-and-gary-shteyngarts-syllabi-from-columbia-university.html">Zadie Smith & Gary Shteyngart</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/spike-lee-shares-his-nyu-teaching-list-of-87-essential-films-every-aspiring-director-should-see.html">Spike Lee</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/11/lynda-barrys-wonderfully-illustrated-syllabus-homework-assignments-from-her-uw-madison-class-the-unthinkable-mind.html">Lynda Barry</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/junot-diazs-syllabi-for-his-mit-writing-classes.html">Junot Diaz</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254491" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Favorite Movies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/stanley-kubricks-list-of-top-ten-films.html">Kubrick</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/01/akira-kurosawas-list-of-his-100-favorite-movies.html">Kurosawa's 100</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/quentin-tarantino-lists-the-12-greatest-films-of-all-time.html">Tarantino</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/martin-scorsese-reveals-his-10-favorite-movies.html">Scorsese</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/08/andrei-tarkovsky-creates-a-list-of-his-10-favorite-films-1972.html">Tarkovsky</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/09/david-lynch-on-his-favorite-directors-including-fellini-wilder-tati-and-hitchcock.html">David Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/05/werner-herzog-picks-his-5-favorite-films.html">Werner Herzog</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/woody-allen-lists-the-greatest-films-of-all-time.html">Woody Allen</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/03/wes-andersons-favorite-films.html">Wes Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/05/the-10-favorite-films-of-avant-garde-surrealist-filmmaker-luis-bunuel-including-his-own-collaboration-with-salvador-dali.html">Luis Buñuel</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/07/roger-eberts-final-list-of-his-top-10-favorite-films-2012.html">Roger Ebert</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/12/susan-sontags-50-favorite-films.html">Susan Sontag</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/10/scorseses-list-of-39-essential-foreign-films.html">Scorsese Foreign Films</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/10/44-essential-movies-for-the-student-of-philosophy.html">Philosophy Films</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="archives-3" class="widget widget_archive"><h2 class="widgettitle">Archives</h2> <ul> <li><a href='https://www.openculture.com/2024/12'>December 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.openculture.com/2024/11'>November 2024</a></li> <li><a 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