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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Rabbinic Literature</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">25,265 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Rabbinic Literature</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Rabbinic_Literature">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29834540 coauthored" data-work_id="29834540" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29834540/Challenges_Involved_in_Conducting_DNA_Tests_of_Pedigreed_Descendants_of_Rabbinical_Lineages">Challenges Involved in Conducting DNA Tests of Pedigreed Descendants of Rabbinical Lineages</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The authors have considerable experience conducting DNA lineage studies, with a focus on Y-DNA studies of the world’s historic rabbinical lineages. Each of these studies presents its own unique challenges. Two of the more challenging... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29834540" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The authors have considerable experience conducting DNA lineage studies, with a focus on Y-DNA studies of the world’s historic rabbinical lineages.  Each of these studies presents its own unique challenges.  Two of the more challenging aspects that are common to all such studies are the difficulty in finding pedigreed descendants of a rabbinical lineage, and then, once they are identified and located, convincing them to take a DNA test. <br /> <br />In this article, we shall focus on the some of the difficulties that we have encountered in convincing pedigreed descendants to agree to take a DNA test, the predominant reasons why they are reluctant or refuse to test, and some of the strategies that we have found effective in dealing with these difficulties and in encouraging them to test.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29834540" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="34ad07a4f76a4b361de3d025875b18ed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50538431,"asset_id":29834540,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50538431/download_file?st=MTc0MDYyMzg1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4757165" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeffreyMarkPaull">Jeffrey Mark Paull</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4757165" type="text/json">{"id":4757165,"first_name":"Jeffrey Mark","last_name":"Paull","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeffreyMarkPaull","display_name":"Jeffrey Mark Paull","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeffreyMarkPaull?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4757165/2018683/94051209/s65_jeffrey_mark.paull.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-29834540">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-29834540"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SusanSteeble">Susan K Steeble</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/YitzTwersky">Yitz Twersky</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeffreyBriskman">Jeffrey Briskman</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-29834540'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-29834540').html(); 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Each of these studies presents its own unique challenges. Two of the more challenging aspects that are common to all such studies are the difficulty in finding pedigreed descendants of a rabbinical lineage, and then, once they are identified and located, convincing them to take a DNA test. \n \nIn this article, we shall focus on the some of the difficulties that we have encountered in convincing pedigreed descendants to agree to take a DNA test, the predominant reasons why they are reluctant or refuse to test, and some of the strategies that we have found effective in dealing with these difficulties and in encouraging them to test.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50538431,"asset_id":29834540,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4757165,"first_name":"Jeffrey Mark","last_name":"Paull","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeffreyMarkPaull","display_name":"Jeffrey Mark 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Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Religion?f_ri=18158"},{"id":1109256,"name":"Rabbinical Genealogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinical_Genealogy?f_ri=18158"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36071367" data-work_id="36071367" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36071367/Avraham_Grossman_The_Migration_of_the_Kalonymos_Family_from_Italy_to_Germany_Zion_40_vol_3_4_1975_154_185_Hebrew_">Avraham Grossman, “The Migration of the Kalonymos Family from Italy to Germany,” Zion 40, vol. 3-4 (1975): 154-185 (Hebrew)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Curiously during the last four decades nothing of significance has ap peared in either new documentary information or historical interpre tation to resolve the riddles posed by these records 3.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36071367" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d1e3ce2636777eb0173b74fa27ec8ff6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55959185,"asset_id":36071367,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button 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ז״ל","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/AvrahamGrossman?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/77488329/19188369/19236040/s65_avraham.grossman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36071367 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36071367"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36071367, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36071367", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36071367 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36071367; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = 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data-has-card-for-ri="18158" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature">Rabbinic Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18158" type="text/json">{"id":18158,"name":"Rabbinic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23397" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Jewish_History">Medieval Jewish History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23397" type="text/json">{"id":23397,"name":"Medieval Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Jewish_History?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36071367]'), work: {"id":36071367,"title":"Avraham Grossman, “The Migration of the Kalonymos Family from Italy to Germany,” Zion 40, vol. 3-4 (1975): 154-185 (Hebrew)","created_at":"2018-03-03T23:28:30.113-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36071367/Avraham_Grossman_The_Migration_of_the_Kalonymos_Family_from_Italy_to_Germany_Zion_40_vol_3_4_1975_154_185_Hebrew_?f_ri=18158","dom_id":"work_36071367","summary":"Curiously during the last four decades nothing of significance has ap peared in either new documentary information or historical interpre tation to resolve the riddles posed by these records 3.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55959185,"asset_id":36071367,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":77488329,"first_name":"Avraham","last_name":"Grossman ז״ל","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"AvrahamGrossman","display_name":"Avraham Grossman ז״ל","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/AvrahamGrossman?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/77488329/19188369/19236040/s65_avraham.grossman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":13477,"name":"Rabbinics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinics?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":18158,"name":"Rabbinic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":23397,"name":"Medieval Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Jewish_History?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":87412,"name":"Italian Jewish history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Jewish_history?f_ri=18158"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_233668" data-work_id="233668" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/233668/The_Ancient_Synagogue_and_the_Ritual_Bath_The_Archaeological_Evidence_and_its_Relevance_to_an_Early_Rabbinic_Enactment">The Ancient Synagogue and the Ritual Bath: The Archaeological Evidence and its Relevance to an Early Rabbinic Enactment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Over the past fifty years, archaeological excavations in Israel have unearthed about half a dozen ancient synagogues that were in use at different points in time between the first century BCE through the outbreak of the Bar-Kochba... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_233668" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Over the past fifty years, archaeological excavations in Israel have unearthed about half a dozen ancient synagogues that were in use at different points in time between the first century BCE through the outbreak of the Bar-Kochba rebellion early in the second century of the Common Era.  In close proximity to each of these synagogues, a mikveh (ritual bath) has been discovered.  In contrast, no mikvaot have been discovered adjacent to any of the dozens of later synagogues that have been excavated and studied, with only one or two possible exceptions.  <br />At this point it is impossible to determine exactly when mikvaot ceased to be built in connection with synagogues, as the archaeological record reports very little about synagogues of the late second - early third century CE.  From an archaeological perspective, it is clear that at least from the second half of the third century, synagogues began to be built without regard for proximity to mikvaot. <br />Talmudic sources make no mention of a requirement to build mikvaot adjacent to synagogues. To date, no satisfactory explanation has been given for the evident connection between the synagogue and the mikveh in the early period, and the disappearance of such a connection in later periods of synagogue history. The objective of this paper is to present and explore a possible interpretation of this puzzling phenomenon. <br />  During the Second Temple and Mishnaic Periods, a rabbinical enactment was in effect requiring mikveh ablutions prior to engagement in Torah study and prayer for individuals who had experienced seminal emission. Careful study of the Talmudic sources reveals that this enactment was nullified early in the Amoraic Period, sometime during the second quarter of the third century CE. <br />It would appear that the mikvaot built adjacent to the earlier synagogues were intended for this precise function, serving visitors to the synagogue who required ritual ablutions prior to Torah study and prayer.  Once the rabbinical enactment regarding these ablutions was nullified, there was no longer need for such mikvaot, and hence the absence of mikvaot in proximity to the later synagogues.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/233668" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="14cf10f0a60836c50012f7dc9fb49d7d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":941609,"asset_id":233668,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/941609/download_file?st=MTc0MDYyMzg1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="180771" href="https://ariel.academia.edu/YonatanAdler">Yonatan Adler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="180771" type="text/json">{"id":180771,"first_name":"Yonatan","last_name":"Adler","domain_name":"ariel","page_name":"YonatanAdler","display_name":"Yonatan Adler","profile_url":"https://ariel.academia.edu/YonatanAdler?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/180771/44673/51152721/s65_yonatan.adler.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_233668 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="233668"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 233668, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_233668", }); 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In close proximity to each of these synagogues, a mikveh (ritual bath) has been discovered. In contrast, no mikvaot have been discovered adjacent to any of the dozens of later synagogues that have been excavated and studied, with only one or two possible exceptions. \r\nAt this point it is impossible to determine exactly when mikvaot ceased to be built in connection with synagogues, as the archaeological record reports very little about synagogues of the late second - early third century CE. From an archaeological perspective, it is clear that at least from the second half of the third century, synagogues began to be built without regard for proximity to mikvaot.\r\nTalmudic sources make no mention of a requirement to build mikvaot adjacent to synagogues. To date, no satisfactory explanation has been given for the evident connection between the synagogue and the mikveh in the early period, and the disappearance of such a connection in later periods of synagogue history. The objective of this paper is to present and explore a possible interpretation of this puzzling phenomenon. \r\n During the Second Temple and Mishnaic Periods, a rabbinical enactment was in effect requiring mikveh ablutions prior to engagement in Torah study and prayer for individuals who had experienced seminal emission. Careful study of the Talmudic sources reveals that this enactment was nullified early in the Amoraic Period, sometime during the second quarter of the third century CE. \r\nIt would appear that the mikvaot built adjacent to the earlier synagogues were intended for this precise function, serving visitors to the synagogue who required ritual ablutions prior to Torah study and prayer. Once the rabbinical enactment regarding these ablutions was nullified, there was no longer need for such mikvaot, and hence the absence of mikvaot in proximity to the later synagogues. \r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":941609,"asset_id":233668,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":180771,"first_name":"Yonatan","last_name":"Adler","domain_name":"ariel","page_name":"YonatanAdler","display_name":"Yonatan Adler","profile_url":"https://ariel.academia.edu/YonatanAdler?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/180771/44673/51152721/s65_yonatan.adler.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":541,"name":"Jewish Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Law?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":983,"name":"Jewish 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Magic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Ritual_and_Magic?f_ri=18158"},{"id":26304,"name":"Late Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=18158"},{"id":26305,"name":"Bible","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bible?f_ri=18158"},{"id":26445,"name":"Judaism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judaism?f_ri=18158"},{"id":31854,"name":"Hellenistic Roman and Byzantine Archaeology in the Land of Israel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_Roman_and_Byzantine_Archaeology_in_the_Land_of_Israel?f_ri=18158"},{"id":31859,"name":"Jewish Ritual Purity Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Ritual_Purity_Law?f_ri=18158"},{"id":31901,"name":"Historical Development of Halakhah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Development_of_Halakhah?f_ri=18158"},{"id":31902,"name":"Interplay between Archaeology and Rabbinic 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AD","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_War_66_73._AD?f_ri=18158"},{"id":958801,"name":"The Dead Sea Scrolls","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Dead_Sea_Scrolls?f_ri=18158"},{"id":958803,"name":"The Revolution of Shimon Bar Kokhba 132 135","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Revolution_of_Shimon_Bar_Kokhba_132_135?f_ri=18158"},{"id":958807,"name":"Ancient Judea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Judea?f_ri=18158"},{"id":958809,"name":"Sectarian Literature of Ancient Judah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sectarian_Literature_of_Ancient_Judah?f_ri=18158"},{"id":958811,"name":"The Fourth School of Philosophy Zealots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Fourth_School_of_Philosophy_Zealots?f_ri=18158"},{"id":1019152,"name":"History of Judaism In Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Judaism_In_Antiquity?f_ri=18158"},{"id":1023378,"name":"Conversion In Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conversion_In_Antiquity?f_ri=18158"},{"id":1023379,"name":"Ethnicity In Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity_In_Antiquity?f_ri=18158"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3037803" data-work_id="3037803" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3037803/From_Musar_to_Paideia_From_Torah_to_Nomos_How_the_Translation_of_the_Septuagint_Impacted_the_Paideutic_Ideal_in_Hellenistic_Judaism">From Musar to Paideia, From Torah to Nomos: How the Translation of the Septuagint Impacted the Paideutic Ideal in Hellenistic Judaism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The following explores the Septuagint's potential impact on the understanding of paideia and the connection between paideia and the Mosaic law in the Second Temple period. Here,</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3037803" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3cd22a970f0ae390fddc966bfd444d88" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50344072,"asset_id":3037803,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50344072/download_file?st=MTc0MDYyMzg1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="230167" href="https://umich.academia.edu/JasonZurawski">Jason Zurawski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="230167" type="text/json">{"id":230167,"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Zurawski","domain_name":"umich","page_name":"JasonZurawski","display_name":"Jason Zurawski","profile_url":"https://umich.academia.edu/JasonZurawski?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/230167/235103/275642/s65_jason.zurawski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3037803 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3037803"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3037803, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3037803", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3037803]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3037803").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3037803").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3037803"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">24</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="97" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology">Philology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="97" type="text/json">{"id":97,"name":"Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1302" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology">Theology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1302" type="text/json">{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2017" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_Philosophy">Hellenistic Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2017" type="text/json">{"id":2017,"name":"Hellenistic Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_Philosophy?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_History">Hellenistic History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3266" type="text/json">{"id":3266,"name":"Hellenistic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_History?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3037803]'), work: {"id":3037803,"title":"From Musar to Paideia, From Torah to Nomos: How the Translation of the Septuagint Impacted the Paideutic Ideal in Hellenistic Judaism","created_at":"2013-03-16T23:25:32.821-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3037803/From_Musar_to_Paideia_From_Torah_to_Nomos_How_the_Translation_of_the_Septuagint_Impacted_the_Paideutic_Ideal_in_Hellenistic_Judaism?f_ri=18158","dom_id":"work_3037803","summary":"The following explores the Septuagint's potential impact on the understanding of paideia and the connection between paideia and the Mosaic law in the Second Temple period. Here,","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50344072,"asset_id":3037803,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":230167,"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Zurawski","domain_name":"umich","page_name":"JasonZurawski","display_name":"Jason Zurawski","profile_url":"https://umich.academia.edu/JasonZurawski?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/230167/235103/275642/s65_jason.zurawski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":97,"name":"Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":2017,"name":"Hellenistic Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_Philosophy?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":3266,"name":"Hellenistic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_History?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":4457,"name":"Early Judaism (2nd Temple, Greco-Roman)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Judaism_2nd_Temple_Greco-Roman_?f_ri=18158"},{"id":5326,"name":"Early Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Christianity?f_ri=18158"},{"id":5970,"name":"Stoicism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stoicism?f_ri=18158"},{"id":6528,"name":"Biblical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Studies?f_ri=18158"},{"id":6529,"name":"Old Testament","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Testament?f_ri=18158"},{"id":9755,"name":"Second Temple Judaism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Temple_Judaism?f_ri=18158"},{"id":10099,"name":"History of Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religions?f_ri=18158"},{"id":10824,"name":"Septuagint","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Septuagint?f_ri=18158"},{"id":11728,"name":"Philo of Alexandria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philo_of_Alexandria?f_ri=18158"},{"id":18158,"name":"Rabbinic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature?f_ri=18158"},{"id":20905,"name":"Apocrypha/Pseudepigrapha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apocrypha_Pseudepigrapha?f_ri=18158"},{"id":26305,"name":"Bible","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bible?f_ri=18158"},{"id":39429,"name":"Hellenistic Judaism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_Judaism?f_ri=18158"},{"id":47508,"name":"Old Testament Pseudepigrapha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Testament_Pseudepigrapha?f_ri=18158"},{"id":74486,"name":"Qumran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qumran?f_ri=18158"},{"id":118997,"name":"Greco-Roman World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greco-Roman_World?f_ri=18158"},{"id":127572,"name":"Philosophy of Paideia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Paideia?f_ri=18158"},{"id":334046,"name":"Septuagint, LXX","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Septuagint_LXX?f_ri=18158"},{"id":445280,"name":"Hebrew Bible/Old Testament","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hebrew_Bible_Old_Testament?f_ri=18158"},{"id":1019152,"name":"History of Judaism In Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Judaism_In_Antiquity?f_ri=18158"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39734185" data-work_id="39734185" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39734185/Pauls_Interpretation_of_Scripture_and_the_Pre_History_of_Midrash_Unpublished_PhD_Dissertation_Title_Acknowledgements_TOC_Abstract_">Paul's Interpretation of Scripture and the (Pre-)History of Midrash, Unpublished PhD Dissertation (Title, Acknowledgements, TOC, Abstract).</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The poet and classicist Anne Carson speaks of reading and writing as a painful separation from the world, a shutting down. A person who reads and writes learns "to close or inhibit the input of his senses, to inhibit or control the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39734185" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The poet and classicist Anne Carson speaks of reading and writing as a painful separation from the world, a shutting down. A person who reads and writes learns "to close or inhibit the input of his senses, to inhibit or control the responses of his body, so as to train energy and thought upon the written words. He resists the environment outside him by distinguishing and controlling the one inside him. This constitutes at first a laborious and painful effort for the individual, psychologists and sociologists tell us. In making the effort he becomes aware of the interior self as an entity separable from the environment and its input, controllable by his own mental action." (Anne Carson, Eros the Bittersweet: An Essay, 63). But I have been luckier. I have never felt alone in my writing nor do I feel as resisting the world around me. And as I write these words now I am deeply aware of those in my life that have made reading, thinking and writing possible for me. My intellectual home and alma mater is Tel Aviv University. I have seen Jewish Studies in Tel Aviv University grow from strength to strength and become a truly unique place of Torah. In a deep sense it is where I learned to read. My work has been encouraged and supported by several TAU grants over the years of my PhD, and mainly, a generous scholarship from the School of Jewish Studies that allowed me to dedicate myself to my research. My deepest gratitude goes to my mentors. Prof. Ishay Rosen-Zvi's commitment to my success, growth and learning has proven to be endless. Ishay taught me how to ask our ancient texts questions and what to listen for when they answer. In a way, I always think and write in conversation with Ishay. His intellectual energy and optimism saw me 3 through all the rough patches I met on this road, and I am privileged to have him as a mentor and friend. Prof. Paula Fredriksen taught me to read critically and write deliberately. She has opened my world to the possibilities and impossibilities of Paul scholarship, and I cannot imagine reading Paul and writing about him without her.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39734185" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="278048e11a09473de11a42e08d8c0dfa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59912440,"asset_id":39734185,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59912440/download_file?st=MTc0MDYyMzg1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="450568" href="https://huji.academia.edu/YaelFisch">Yael Fisch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="450568" type="text/json">{"id":450568,"first_name":"Yael","last_name":"Fisch","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"YaelFisch","display_name":"Yael Fisch","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/YaelFisch?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/450568/146644/27992002/s65_yael.fisch.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39734185 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39734185"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39734185, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39734185", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39734185]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39734185").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39734185").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39734185"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2262" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Testament">New Testament</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2262" type="text/json">{"id":2262,"name":"New Testament","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Testament?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6528" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Studies">Biblical Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6528" type="text/json">{"id":6528,"name":"Biblical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Studies?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14405" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Midrash">Midrash</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14405" type="text/json">{"id":14405,"name":"Midrash","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Midrash?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18158" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature">Rabbinic Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18158" type="text/json">{"id":18158,"name":"Rabbinic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39734185]'), work: {"id":39734185,"title":"Paul's Interpretation of Scripture and the (Pre-)History of Midrash, Unpublished PhD Dissertation (Title, Acknowledgements, TOC, Abstract).","created_at":"2019-07-02T03:57:43.041-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39734185/Pauls_Interpretation_of_Scripture_and_the_Pre_History_of_Midrash_Unpublished_PhD_Dissertation_Title_Acknowledgements_TOC_Abstract_?f_ri=18158","dom_id":"work_39734185","summary":"The poet and classicist Anne Carson speaks of reading and writing as a painful separation from the world, a shutting down. A person who reads and writes learns \"to close or inhibit the input of his senses, to inhibit or control the responses of his body, so as to train energy and thought upon the written words. He resists the environment outside him by distinguishing and controlling the one inside him. This constitutes at first a laborious and painful effort for the individual, psychologists and sociologists tell us. In making the effort he becomes aware of the interior self as an entity separable from the environment and its input, controllable by his own mental action.\" (Anne Carson, Eros the Bittersweet: An Essay, 63). But I have been luckier. I have never felt alone in my writing nor do I feel as resisting the world around me. And as I write these words now I am deeply aware of those in my life that have made reading, thinking and writing possible for me. My intellectual home and alma mater is Tel Aviv University. I have seen Jewish Studies in Tel Aviv University grow from strength to strength and become a truly unique place of Torah. In a deep sense it is where I learned to read. My work has been encouraged and supported by several TAU grants over the years of my PhD, and mainly, a generous scholarship from the School of Jewish Studies that allowed me to dedicate myself to my research. My deepest gratitude goes to my mentors. Prof. Ishay Rosen-Zvi's commitment to my success, growth and learning has proven to be endless. Ishay taught me how to ask our ancient texts questions and what to listen for when they answer. In a way, I always think and write in conversation with Ishay. His intellectual energy and optimism saw me 3 through all the rough patches I met on this road, and I am privileged to have him as a mentor and friend. Prof. Paula Fredriksen taught me to read critically and write deliberately. She has opened my world to the possibilities and impossibilities of Paul scholarship, and I cannot imagine reading Paul and writing about him without her.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59912440,"asset_id":39734185,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":450568,"first_name":"Yael","last_name":"Fisch","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"YaelFisch","display_name":"Yael Fisch","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/YaelFisch?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/450568/146644/27992002/s65_yael.fisch.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2262,"name":"New Testament","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Testament?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":6528,"name":"Biblical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Studies?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":14405,"name":"Midrash","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Midrash?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":18158,"name":"Rabbinic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":18162,"name":"Apostle Paul and the Pauline Letters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apostle_Paul_and_the_Pauline_Letters?f_ri=18158"},{"id":40785,"name":"Biblical Exegesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Exegesis?f_ri=18158"},{"id":57390,"name":"Tannaitic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tannaitic_Literature?f_ri=18158"},{"id":74486,"name":"Qumran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qumran?f_ri=18158"},{"id":445941,"name":"Early Jewish Biblical Interpretation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Jewish_Biblical_Interpretation?f_ri=18158"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39787987" data-work_id="39787987" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39787987/The_Shared_Meal_a_Therapeutical_Device_The_Function_and_Meaning_of_Hos_6_6_in">The Shared Meal -a Therapeutical Device. The Function and Meaning of Hos 6:6 in</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In Matt 9:10-13, the disciples of Jesus are asked why their master eats with tax-collectors and sinners. Both the question and the threefold answer are analysed in this study. Wisdom traditions prescribe Torah teachers not to engage with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39787987" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In Matt 9:10-13, the disciples of Jesus are asked why their master eats with tax-collectors and sinners. Both the question and the threefold answer are analysed in this study. Wisdom traditions prescribe Torah teachers not to engage with blatant sinners. This approach becomes contested in the first century C.E., as is clear from Pharisaic disputes on sinners and tax-collectors. In his answer, Jesus characterises himself as the divine doctor, who stirs the capacity to repentance by his sheer presence. The quote of Hosea functions as a legal justification of this strategy. Hos 6:6 points to the concept of good works, benevolent actions that save even blatant sinners.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39787987" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="30a463aa8d891e61c5d4c8fe3c022546" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59973416,"asset_id":39787987,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59973416/download_file?st=MTc0MDYyMzg1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10693570" href="https://uu.academia.edu/EricOttenheijm">Eric Ottenheijm</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10693570" type="text/json">{"id":10693570,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Ottenheijm","domain_name":"uu","page_name":"EricOttenheijm","display_name":"Eric Ottenheijm","profile_url":"https://uu.academia.edu/EricOttenheijm?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10693570/3215158/53134984/s65_eric.ottenheijm.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39787987 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39787987"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39787987, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39787987", }); 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The Function and Meaning of Hos 6:6 in","created_at":"2019-07-10T04:56:16.451-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39787987/The_Shared_Meal_a_Therapeutical_Device_The_Function_and_Meaning_of_Hos_6_6_in?f_ri=18158","dom_id":"work_39787987","summary":"In Matt 9:10-13, the disciples of Jesus are asked why their master eats with tax-collectors and sinners. Both the question and the threefold answer are analysed in this study. Wisdom traditions prescribe Torah teachers not to engage with blatant sinners. This approach becomes contested in the first century C.E., as is clear from Pharisaic disputes on sinners and tax-collectors. In his answer, Jesus characterises himself as the divine doctor, who stirs the capacity to repentance by his sheer presence. The quote of Hosea functions as a legal justification of this strategy. Hos 6:6 points to the concept of good works, benevolent actions that save even blatant sinners.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59973416,"asset_id":39787987,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10693570,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Ottenheijm","domain_name":"uu","page_name":"EricOttenheijm","display_name":"Eric Ottenheijm","profile_url":"https://uu.academia.edu/EricOttenheijm?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10693570/3215158/53134984/s65_eric.ottenheijm.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7434,"name":"Synoptic Gospels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synoptic_Gospels?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":18158,"name":"Rabbinic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":91701,"name":"Meals in the Greco-Roman World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meals_in_the_Greco-Roman_World?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":115168,"name":"Gospel of Matthew","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gospel_of_Matthew?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8434785" data-work_id="8434785" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8434785/_Forming_Jewish_Identity_by_Formulating_Legislations_for_Gentiles_">"Forming Jewish Identity by Formulating Legislations for Gentiles"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The following paper explores the formulation of universal commandments for non-Jews within the book of Jubilees and compares it with rabbinic traditions that also deal with Gentiles and law observance. The discussion concerning... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8434785" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The following paper explores the formulation of universal commandments for non-Jews within the book of Jubilees and compares it with rabbinic traditions that also deal with Gentiles and law observance. The discussion concerning commandments incumbent upon all of humanity in Jubilees betrays a remarkable preoccupation in promoting the observance of particular laws (e.g., Sabbath and circumcision) for Jews alone—universal law becomes a means for highlighting Israel’s special covenantal status. The bitter opposition expressed in Jubilees against Gentiles is best understood as a polemical response to events redefining Jewish-Gentile relations during the second century BCE.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8434785" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f7d7042aa1c930343bca499ebc04f165" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34824474,"asset_id":8434785,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34824474/download_file?st=MTc0MDYyMzg1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="72891" href="https://bradley.academia.edu/IsaacWOliverakadeOliveira">Isaac Wilk Oliver/de Oliveira</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="72891" type="text/json">{"id":72891,"first_name":"Isaac","last_name":"Wilk Oliver/de Oliveira","domain_name":"bradley","page_name":"IsaacWOliverakadeOliveira","display_name":"Isaac Wilk Oliver/de Oliveira","profile_url":"https://bradley.academia.edu/IsaacWOliverakadeOliveira?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/72891/20213/157278532/s65_isaac.wilk_oliver_de_oliveira.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8434785 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8434785"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8434785, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8434785", }); 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The discussion concerning commandments incumbent upon all of humanity in Jubilees betrays a remarkable preoccupation in promoting the observance of particular laws (e.g., Sabbath and circumcision) for Jews alone—universal law becomes a means for highlighting Israel’s special covenantal status. The bitter opposition expressed in Jubilees against Gentiles is best understood as a polemical response to events redefining Jewish-Gentile relations during the second century BCE.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34824474,"asset_id":8434785,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":72891,"first_name":"Isaac","last_name":"Wilk Oliver/de Oliveira","domain_name":"bradley","page_name":"IsaacWOliverakadeOliveira","display_name":"Isaac Wilk Oliver/de Oliveira","profile_url":"https://bradley.academia.edu/IsaacWOliverakadeOliveira?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/72891/20213/157278532/s65_isaac.wilk_oliver_de_oliveira.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2262,"name":"New Testament","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Testament?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":9755,"name":"Second Temple Judaism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Temple_Judaism?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":18158,"name":"Rabbinic 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href="https://www.academia.edu/1474036/Crying_Out_for_Rain_The_Human_the_Holy_and_the_Earth_in_the_Ritual_Fasts_of_Rabbinic_Literature">Crying Out for Rain: The Human, the Holy, and the Earth in the Ritual Fasts of Rabbinic Literature</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">I trace the religious significance of rain in Tractate Taanit, a 6th century volume of the Babylonian Talmud that addresses fasts in response to drought among rabbinic Jewish communities in late antiquity. Tractate Taanit incorporates... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1474036" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">I trace the religious significance of rain in Tractate Taanit, a 6th century volume of the Babylonian Talmud that addresses fasts in response to drought among rabbinic Jewish communities in late antiquity.  Tractate Taanit incorporates rain symbolism into key rabbinic conceptions of Torah, revelation, and divine compassion.  As the tractate crafts rain into a symbol that expresses God’s presence and relationship with Israel, it also articulates drought as the essential expression of divine absence.  Within the tractate, fasting serves as the quintessential collective response to the physical and spiritual crisis of drought.  Fasting practice in Tractate Taʿanit fashions the vulnerable collective body into an instrument particularly suited to cry out for divine answer.  By invoking and intensifying the experience of suffering caused by drought, the community uses its communal body to align itself with both a suffering God and a suffering earth, each of which yearn for reconciliation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1474036" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b3decf762b40d735b4262d8e00b8dd1e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":11528345,"asset_id":1474036,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11528345/download_file?st=MTc0MDYyMzg1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1303587" href="https://georgetown.academia.edu/JuliaWattsBelser">Julia Watts Belser</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1303587" type="text/json">{"id":1303587,"first_name":"Julia","last_name":"Watts Belser","domain_name":"georgetown","page_name":"JuliaWattsBelser","display_name":"Julia Watts Belser","profile_url":"https://georgetown.academia.edu/JuliaWattsBelser?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1303587/481385/606162/s65_julia.watts_belser.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1474036 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1474036"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1474036, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1474036", }); 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The fear of impurity shaped daily conduct, stood at the heart of ideological disputes and formed the contours of Jewish society. The question how to ensure ritual and moral purity was of cosmic dimensions, and therefore determined the dividing lines between the main parties of Jewish society in Palestine. The Qumran sect developed the notion of the defiling sin, and Jesus was viewed by his followers as the ultimate purifier. Against these alternatives, this book offers a comprehensive analysis of the purity policy in the teachings of the dominant Pharisees. Early rabbinic traditions alongside anti-pharisaic sources uncover a controversial policy focused on the body and not on the purity of the Temple. They provided purification to wider social circles, while preserving its role in maintaining their own status. The book further demonstrates the fundamental change of religious life and social practices from the Second Temple period through the rise of the rabbinic movement, which offered a new version of ritual purity and community. A close analysis of the halakhic traditions in rabbinic literature reveals the gradual disintegration of the ancient religious culture and the emergence of the rabbinic culture within new social contexts.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25203949" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a0d49c3c4a7251cd22374be83821b56" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45515619,"asset_id":25203949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45515619/download_file?st=MTc0MDYyMzg1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="775398" href="https://huji.academia.edu/YairFurstenberg">Yair Furstenberg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="775398" type="text/json">{"id":775398,"first_name":"Yair","last_name":"Furstenberg","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"YairFurstenberg","display_name":"Yair Furstenberg","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/YairFurstenberg?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/775398/262075/601365/s65_yair.furstenberg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25203949 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25203949"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25203949, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25203949", }); 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The fear of impurity shaped daily conduct, stood at the heart of ideological disputes and formed the contours of Jewish society. The question how to ensure ritual and moral purity was of cosmic dimensions, and therefore determined the dividing lines between the main parties of Jewish society in Palestine. The Qumran sect developed the notion of the defiling sin, and Jesus was viewed by his followers as the ultimate purifier. Against these alternatives, this book offers a comprehensive analysis of the purity policy in the teachings of the dominant Pharisees. Early rabbinic traditions alongside anti-pharisaic sources uncover a controversial policy focused on the body and not on the purity of the Temple. They provided purification to wider social circles, while preserving its role in maintaining their own status. The book further demonstrates the fundamental change of religious life and social practices from the Second Temple period through the rise of the rabbinic movement, which offered a new version of ritual purity and community. A close analysis of the halakhic traditions in rabbinic literature reveals the gradual disintegration of the ancient religious culture and the emergence of the rabbinic culture within new social contexts.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45515619,"asset_id":25203949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":45515837,"asset_id":25203949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":45515839,"asset_id":25203949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":775398,"first_name":"Yair","last_name":"Furstenberg","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"YairFurstenberg","display_name":"Yair Furstenberg","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/YairFurstenberg?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/775398/262075/601365/s65_yair.furstenberg.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":541,"name":"Jewish Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Law?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":2262,"name":"New Testament","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Testament?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":18158,"name":"Rabbinic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":74486,"name":"Qumran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qumran?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":174863,"name":"Ritual Purity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ritual_Purity?f_ri=18158"},{"id":1032588,"name":"Second Temple Judaism and Early Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Temple_Judaism_and_Early_Christianity?f_ri=18158"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4168945" data-work_id="4168945" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4168945/_La_Chiesa_di_Roma_prima_e_dopo_Costantino_Da_Vittore_189_199_a_Liberio_352_366_in_COSTANTINO_I_Enciclopedia_costantiniana_sulla_figura_e_limmagine_dellimperatore_del_cosiddetto_editto_di_Milano_Istituto_dellEnciclopedia_Italiana_vol_I_Roma_2013_pp_795_814">"La Chiesa di Roma prima e dopo Costantino. Da Vittore (189-199) a Liberio (352-366)", in : COSTANTINO I. Enciclopedia costantiniana sulla figura e l'immagine dell'imperatore del cosiddetto editto di Milano, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, vol. 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work_33320709" data-work_id="33320709" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33320709/THE_FORGOTTEN_RABBI_THE_BAVLIS_CONTRIBUTION_TO_THE_JUDAISM_AS_THE_MOTHER_OF_CHRISTIANITY_PARADIGM_Proof_copy_">THE FORGOTTEN RABBI: THE BAVLI'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE 'JUDAISM AS THE MOTHER OF CHRISTIANITY' PARADIGM (Proof copy)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Summary The article offers a new reading of two Jesus related narratives from the Babylonian Talmud. The first relates the encounter between Rabbi Eliezer and one of Jesus' disciples, Jacob, while the second deals with the flight to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33320709" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Summary The article offers a new reading of two Jesus related narratives from the Babylonian Talmud. The first relates the encounter between Rabbi Eliezer and one of Jesus' disciples, Jacob, while the second deals with the flight to Alexandria of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Perahya and his disciple, Jesus. Instead of reading these stories as reflecting an already established dichotomy between Judaism and Christianity, I propose to read them as a reflection on the origin of this dichotomy. I suppose that at least some Babylonian rabbis read or heard about the Gospels and saw that their main hero was a proto-rabbinic figure. Since the dichotomy between the two textual corpora was not conceptually fixed, those rabbis could ask themselves : why do our sources never quote and almost never men- tion this particular rabbi? The Jesus stories analyzed here would be an attempt to discuss the question.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33320709" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="685863b74c1b5a758d46b4482393f3b7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53382701,"asset_id":33320709,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53382701/download_file?st=MTc0MDYyMzg1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="311520" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/RonNaiweld">Ron Naiweld</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="311520" type="text/json">{"id":311520,"first_name":"Ron","last_name":"Naiweld","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"RonNaiweld","display_name":"Ron Naiweld","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/RonNaiweld?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/311520/76917/34925604/s65_ron.naiweld.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33320709 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33320709"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33320709, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33320709", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/39891497/Yaacov_Sussmann_Yerushalmi_Fragments_An_Ashkenazi_Manuscript_Notes_toward_a_Solution_to_the_Riddle_of_Sefer_Yerushalmi_Kobez_Al_Yad_vol_12_XXII_1994_1_120_Hebrew_">Yaacov Sussmann, “Yerushalmi Fragments – An Ashkenazi Manuscript: Notes toward a Solution to the Riddle of Sefer Yerushalmi,” Kobez Al Yad, vol. 12 (XXII) (1994): 1-120 (Hebrew)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">‫ "שרידי ירושלמי - כת"י אשכנזי: לקראת פתרון חידת "ספר ירושלמי," קבץ על יד יב (תשנד) 1-120 ‬</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39891497" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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Sussmann","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/YaacovSussmann?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67771582/29791420/27681652/s65_yaacov.sussmann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":4175,"name":"Talmud","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Talmud?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":13477,"name":"Rabbinics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinics?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":18158,"name":"Rabbinic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":154791,"name":"Rabbinic Judaism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Judaism?f_ri=18158"},{"id":183106,"name":"Babylonian talmud","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Babylonian_talmud?f_ri=18158"},{"id":1010535,"name":"Talmud and Rabbinics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Talmud_and_Rabbinics?f_ri=18158"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39891524" data-work_id="39891524" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39891524/Yaacov_Sussmann_Before_and_After_the_Leiden_Manuscript_of_the_Talmud_Yerushalmi_Bar_Ilan_Annual_vol_26_27_1995_203_220_Hebrew_">Yaacov Sussmann, “Before and After the Leiden Manuscript of the Talmud Yerushalmi,” Bar-Ilan Annual, vol. 26-27 (1995): 203-220 (Hebrew)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">"כתב-יד ליידן של הירושלמי : לפניו ולאחריו," בר-אילן כו-כז (תשנה) 203-220 ‬</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x 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‬","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60077080,"asset_id":39891524,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":67771582,"first_name":"Yaacov","last_name":"Sussmann","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"YaacovSussmann","display_name":"Yaacov Sussmann","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/YaacovSussmann?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67771582/29791420/27681652/s65_yaacov.sussmann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":4175,"name":"Talmud","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Talmud?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":13477,"name":"Rabbinics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinics?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":18158,"name":"Rabbinic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":154791,"name":"Rabbinic Judaism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Judaism?f_ri=18158"},{"id":183106,"name":"Babylonian talmud","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Babylonian_talmud?f_ri=18158"},{"id":1010535,"name":"Talmud and Rabbinics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Talmud_and_Rabbinics?f_ri=18158"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38183099" data-work_id="38183099" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38183099/Daniel_Sperber_Congregational_Dignity_and_Human_Dignity_Women_and_Public_Torah_Reading_in_Howard_Trachtman_ed_Women_and_Men_in_Communal_Prayer_Halakhic_Perspectives_New_York_JOFA_2010_27_205">Daniel Sperber, “Congregational Dignity and Human Dignity: Women and 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Abraham Joseph Salomon Graziano,” Kovetz Etz Hayyim, no. 12, no. 1 (#29) (2018): 451-462 (Hebrew)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39182151" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="113785312" href="https://biu.academia.edu/YaakovSSpiegel">Yaakov Shmuel Spiegel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="113785312" type="text/json">{"id":113785312,"first_name":"Yaakov Shmuel","last_name":"Spiegel","domain_name":"biu","page_name":"YaakovSSpiegel","display_name":"Yaakov Shmuel Spiegel","profile_url":"https://biu.academia.edu/YaakovSSpiegel?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/113785312/27289009/25670428/s65_yaakov_s..spiegel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39182151 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39182151"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39182151, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39182151", }); 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Schacter, “Rabbi Jacob Emden: Life and Major Works,” (PhD Dissertation, Harvard University, 1988)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Jewish life in eighteenth-century Europe was characterized by a number of significant features. Rabbinic scholarship flourished on a high level in many parts of the continent. In addition, the Jewish community was caught up in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62300348" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Jewish life in eighteenth-century Europe was characterized by a number of significant features. Rabbinic scholarship flourished on a high level in many parts of the continent. In addition, the Jewish community was caught up in the aftershock of the mass messianic movement of Shabbetai Gevi which had captured the imagination of most of world Jewry in 1665-1666. Those who continued to maintain their belief in him even after his conversion and death were constantly being harassed by the Jewish establishment which considered them heretics. Finally, the end of the century brought with it the Haskalah movement which challenged the prevailing Jewish communal, social, religious and intellectual norms. One of the most dominant figures at that time was Rabbi Jacob Emden . Emden was intimately involved with each of these major elements in the Jewish world of his day. Reared in a learned home, he was a preeminent scholar whose achievement in the field of rabbinic literature was substantive and significant. He also played a major role in the eighteenth-century battle against Sabbatianism and, in the last two and a half decades of his life, became obsessed with exposing and hounding any vestige of the movement. Finally, he lived long enough to witness the emergence of the Haskalah. Unlike some of his more traditional colleagues, Emden was sensitive to the shifting nuances of thought represented by that movement and was aware of the changes in Jewish life that it potentially represented. This work treats Emden from all of these perspectives. In addition to presenting the story of his life for the first time, it also describes some of his rabbinic works as well as his attitude towards non-Jews, philosophy and Maimonides. It suggests some factors which should be considered in attempting to understand the virulence of Emden's anti-Sabbatianism. Finally, it assesses the level of his knowledge of a wide range of extra-Talmudic disciplines and his attitude towards the emerging Haskalah movement. * so pervasive t h a t I even wonder how he was a b l e t o manage on Shabbat when w r i t i n g i s p r o h i b i t e d by Jewish law! What d i s t i n g u i s h e s Emden as a s u b j e c t f o r a biography, then, i s not only t h e f a c t t h a t he combined some of t h e major elements of h i s time-e.g. rabbinic scholarship, anti-Sabbatianism and awareness o f Haskalah--</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62300348" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7e31b1b5d842cad02d50563469eb6d06" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75112927,"asset_id":62300348,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75112927/download_file?st=MTc0MDYyMzg1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15799140" href="https://yeshiva.academia.edu/JacobJSchacter">Jacob J. 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Schacter, “Rabbi Jacob Emden: Life and Major Works,” (PhD Dissertation, Harvard University, 1988)","created_at":"2021-11-24T16:16:44.925-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62300348/Jacob_J_Schacter_Rabbi_Jacob_Emden_Life_and_Major_Works_PhD_Dissertation_Harvard_University_1988_?f_ri=18158","dom_id":"work_62300348","summary":"Jewish life in eighteenth-century Europe was characterized by a number of significant features. Rabbinic scholarship flourished on a high level in many parts of the continent. In addition, the Jewish community was caught up in the aftershock of the mass messianic movement of Shabbetai Gevi which had captured the imagination of most of world Jewry in 1665-1666. Those who continued to maintain their belief in him even after his conversion and death were constantly being harassed by the Jewish establishment which considered them heretics. Finally, the end of the century brought with it the Haskalah movement which challenged the prevailing Jewish communal, social, religious and intellectual norms. One of the most dominant figures at that time was Rabbi Jacob Emden . Emden was intimately involved with each of these major elements in the Jewish world of his day. Reared in a learned home, he was a preeminent scholar whose achievement in the field of rabbinic literature was substantive and significant. He also played a major role in the eighteenth-century battle against Sabbatianism and, in the last two and a half decades of his life, became obsessed with exposing and hounding any vestige of the movement. Finally, he lived long enough to witness the emergence of the Haskalah. Unlike some of his more traditional colleagues, Emden was sensitive to the shifting nuances of thought represented by that movement and was aware of the changes in Jewish life that it potentially represented. This work treats Emden from all of these perspectives. In addition to presenting the story of his life for the first time, it also describes some of his rabbinic works as well as his attitude towards non-Jews, philosophy and Maimonides. It suggests some factors which should be considered in attempting to understand the virulence of Emden's anti-Sabbatianism. Finally, it assesses the level of his knowledge of a wide range of extra-Talmudic disciplines and his attitude towards the emerging Haskalah movement. * so pervasive t h a t I even wonder how he was a b l e t o manage on Shabbat when w r i t i n g i s p r o h i b i t e d by Jewish law! What d i s t i n g u i s h e s Emden as a s u b j e c t f o r a biography, then, i s not only t h e f a c t t h a t he combined some of t h e major elements of h i s time-e.g. rabbinic scholarship, anti-Sabbatianism and awareness o f Haskalah--","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75112927,"asset_id":62300348,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15799140,"first_name":"Jacob J.","last_name":"Schacter","domain_name":"yeshiva","page_name":"JacobJSchacter","display_name":"Jacob J. 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The paper reviews the implications of Qumranic legislation, as a way station between the Bible and the Mishnah, for understanding how the "rabbinic revolution” was charted, its methods set up, and its principles established.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25331241" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5b46aecc1421507ce4b6f740eacef6dd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":95987532,"asset_id":25331241,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95987532/download_file?st=MTc0MDYyMzg1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="721868" href="https://telaviv.academia.edu/VeredNoam">Vered Noam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="721868" type="text/json">{"id":721868,"first_name":"Vered","last_name":"Noam","domain_name":"telaviv","page_name":"VeredNoam","display_name":"Vered Noam","profile_url":"https://telaviv.academia.edu/VeredNoam?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/721868/246691/11781518/s65_vered.noam.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25331241 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25331241"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25331241, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25331241", }); 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The paper reviews the implications of Qumranic legislation, as a way station between the Bible and the Mishnah, for understanding how the \"rabbinic revolution” was charted, its methods set up, and its principles established.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":95987532,"asset_id":25331241,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":45628748,"asset_id":25331241,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":721868,"first_name":"Vered","last_name":"Noam","domain_name":"telaviv","page_name":"VeredNoam","display_name":"Vered Noam","profile_url":"https://telaviv.academia.edu/VeredNoam?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/721868/246691/11781518/s65_vered.noam.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4460,"name":"Dead Sea Scrolls (Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dead_Sea_Scrolls_Religion_?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":18158,"name":"Rabbinic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":148273,"name":"Halacha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Halacha?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":174863,"name":"Ritual Purity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ritual_Purity?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39249581" data-work_id="39249581" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39249581/%EB%AF%B8%EC%89%AC%EB%82%98_%EC%A0%9C5%EA%B6%8C_%EC%BD%94%EB%8B%A4%EC%89%BC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%8A%94_%EC%A7%80%EA%B7%B9%ED%9E%88_%EA%B1%B0%EB%A3%A9%ED%95%98%EB%8B%88_">미쉬나 제5권 코다쉼: "이는 지극히 거룩하니..."</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">An introductory article for Kodashim in Mishnah (Korean).</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39249581" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c6ec9c0c7dfc51d790226dd42730c7e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59381661,"asset_id":39249581,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59381661/download_file?st=MTc0MDYyMzg1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="522324" href="https://college-de-france.academia.edu/JaeyoungJeon">Jaeyoung Jeon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="522324" type="text/json">{"id":522324,"first_name":"Jaeyoung","last_name":"Jeon","domain_name":"college-de-france","page_name":"JaeyoungJeon","display_name":"Jaeyoung Jeon","profile_url":"https://college-de-france.academia.edu/JaeyoungJeon?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/522324/184125/34885512/s65_jaeyoung.jeon.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39249581 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39249581"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39249581, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39249581", }); 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","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59381661,"asset_id":39249581,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":522324,"first_name":"Jaeyoung","last_name":"Jeon","domain_name":"college-de-france","page_name":"JaeyoungJeon","display_name":"Jaeyoung Jeon","profile_url":"https://college-de-france.academia.edu/JaeyoungJeon?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/522324/184125/34885512/s65_jaeyoung.jeon.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4175,"name":"Talmud","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Talmud?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":18158,"name":"Rabbinic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":26445,"name":"Judaism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judaism?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":57396,"name":"Mishnah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mishnah?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39181988" data-work_id="39181988" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39181988/Yaakov_Shmuel_Spiegel_A_New_Letter_from_R_Moses_Hayyim_Luzzatto_Controversy_The_Venetian_Rabbis_to_R_Moses_Hagiz_ha_Ma_ayan_vol_54_no_1_2013_29_40_Hebrew_">Yaakov Shmuel Spiegel, “A New Letter from R. 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Mehqerei Talmud, Vol. 2 – Talmudic Studies Dedicated to the Memory of Professor Eliezer Shimshon Rosenthal (Jerusalem: Magnes, 1993), 230-283 (Hebrew)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">"פרקי ירושלמי," מחקרי תלמוד ב (תשנג) 220-283 ‬</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39891487" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="234885beb6dfff13f4f9332d0fa0611d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60077040,"asset_id":39891487,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60077040/download_file?st=MTc0MDYyMzg1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="67771582" href="https://huji.academia.edu/YaacovSussmann">Yaacov Sussmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="67771582" type="text/json">{"id":67771582,"first_name":"Yaacov","last_name":"Sussmann","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"YaacovSussmann","display_name":"Yaacov Sussmann","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/YaacovSussmann?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67771582/29791420/27681652/s65_yaacov.sussmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39891487 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39891487"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39891487, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39891487", }); 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Levine, ed., Ancient Synagogues Revealed (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1981), 146-151</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44368461" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c8cadfb10931883e40e572ad7e040179" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64766371,"asset_id":44368461,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64766371/download_file?st=MTc0MDYyMzg1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="67771582" href="https://huji.academia.edu/YaacovSussmann">Yaacov Sussmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="67771582" type="text/json">{"id":67771582,"first_name":"Yaacov","last_name":"Sussmann","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"YaacovSussmann","display_name":"Yaacov Sussmann","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/YaacovSussmann?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67771582/29791420/27681652/s65_yaacov.sussmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44368461 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44368461"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44368461, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44368461", }); 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Gilat Jubilee Volume] (1995): 343-370 (Hebrew)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">אמירת חזק ויישר כח, ספר השנה למדעי היהדות והרוח אוניברסיטת בר אילן, כ"ו-כ"ז (תשנ"ה) עמ' 370-343.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39180791" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c32aa587b4a8c4f7e13e6b0d61678cdc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59954717,"asset_id":39180791,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59954717/download_file?st=MTc0MDYyMzg1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="113785312" href="https://biu.academia.edu/YaakovSSpiegel">Yaakov Shmuel Spiegel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="113785312" type="text/json">{"id":113785312,"first_name":"Yaakov Shmuel","last_name":"Spiegel","domain_name":"biu","page_name":"YaakovSSpiegel","display_name":"Yaakov Shmuel Spiegel","profile_url":"https://biu.academia.edu/YaakovSSpiegel?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/113785312/27289009/25670428/s65_yaakov_s..spiegel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39180791 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39180791"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39180791, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39180791", }); 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Gilat Jubilee Volume] (1995): 343-370 (Hebrew)","created_at":"2019-05-18T20:30:03.802-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39180791/Yaakov_Shmuel_Spiegel_Saying_Hazak_and_Yishar_Koah_Bar_Ilan_Annual_vol_26_27_Yitzhak_D_Gilat_Jubilee_Volume_1995_343_370_Hebrew_?f_ri=18158","dom_id":"work_39180791","summary":"אמירת חזק ויישר כח, ספר השנה למדעי היהדות והרוח אוניברסיטת בר אילן, כ\"ו-כ\"ז (תשנ\"ה) עמ' 370-343.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59954717,"asset_id":39180791,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":113785312,"first_name":"Yaakov Shmuel","last_name":"Spiegel","domain_name":"biu","page_name":"YaakovSSpiegel","display_name":"Yaakov Shmuel Spiegel","profile_url":"https://biu.academia.edu/YaakovSSpiegel?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/113785312/27289009/25670428/s65_yaakov_s..spiegel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":13477,"name":"Rabbinics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinics?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":18158,"name":"Rabbinic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":154791,"name":"Rabbinic Judaism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Judaism?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41603184" data-work_id="41603184" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41603184/The_Yerushalmi_in_Rabbeinu_Tam_s_Library_REJ_178_2019_">The Yerushalmi in Rabbeinu Tam’s Library, REJ 178 (2019)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article will examine Rabenu Yaacov ben Meir's, better known as Rabenu Tam, grandson of Rashi (France 1100 – 1171 of the Tosafists) use of the Yerushalmi Talmud. The Yerushalmi Talmud was not in extensive use in the middle ages. This... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41603184" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article will examine Rabenu Yaacov ben Meir's, better known as Rabenu Tam, grandson of  Rashi (France 1100 – 1171 of the Tosafists) use of the Yerushalmi Talmud.<br />The Yerushalmi Talmud was not in extensive use in the middle ages. This article will first describe the use of the Yeushalmi by the European sages and then will try to depict Rabenu Tam's knowledge of Yerushalmi and the purposes for which he quotes this Talmud.<br />Although Rabenu Tam had at least some of the Yerushalmi tractates in his library, his main allusion the Yerushalmi is from secondary sources such as Rabenu Hananel, Rav Nissim Gaon and others.<br />This article will claim that Rabenu Tam'ss interest in the Yerushalmi was not methodical and encompassing. He did not treat the Yerushalmi as an authoritative Halakhic source.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41603184" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="df51910300bc2f3068d2cf4a7431741b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61756780,"asset_id":41603184,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61756780/download_file?st=MTc0MDYyMzg1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7777453" href="https://bgu.academia.edu/RamiReiner">Rami Reiner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7777453" type="text/json">{"id":7777453,"first_name":"Rami","last_name":"Reiner","domain_name":"bgu","page_name":"RamiReiner","display_name":"Rami Reiner","profile_url":"https://bgu.academia.edu/RamiReiner?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7777453/19146775/19094192/s65_rami.reiner.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41603184 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41603184"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41603184, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41603184", }); 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This article will first describe the use of the Yeushalmi by the European sages and then will try to depict Rabenu Tam's knowledge of Yerushalmi and the purposes for which he quotes this Talmud.\nAlthough Rabenu Tam had at least some of the Yerushalmi tractates in his library, his main allusion the Yerushalmi is from secondary sources such as Rabenu Hananel, Rav Nissim Gaon and others.\nThis article will claim that Rabenu Tam'ss interest in the Yerushalmi was not methodical and encompassing. He did not treat the Yerushalmi as an authoritative Halakhic source.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61756780,"asset_id":41603184,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7777453,"first_name":"Rami","last_name":"Reiner","domain_name":"bgu","page_name":"RamiReiner","display_name":"Rami Reiner","profile_url":"https://bgu.academia.edu/RamiReiner?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7777453/19146775/19094192/s65_rami.reiner.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":6627,"name":"Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_History?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":18158,"name":"Rabbinic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":154791,"name":"Rabbinic Judaism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Judaism?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":1010535,"name":"Talmud and Rabbinics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Talmud_and_Rabbinics?f_ri=18158"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36071437" data-work_id="36071437" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36071437/Avraham_Grossman_The_Origins_and_Essence_of_the_Custom_of_Stopping_the_Service_Milet_Everyman_s_University_Studies_in_Jewish_History_and_Culture_vol_1_1983_199_219_Hebrew_">Avraham Grossman, “The Origins and Essence of the Custom of ‘Stopping the Service’,” Milet: Everyman’s University Studies in Jewish History and Culture, vol. 1 (1983): 199-219 (Hebrew)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36071437" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="68df218e6f2c4835faa57d134591650f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":112815320,"asset_id":36071437,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112815320/download_file?st=MTc0MDYyMzg1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="77488329" href="https://huji.academia.edu/AvrahamGrossman">Avraham Grossman ז״ל</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="77488329" type="text/json">{"id":77488329,"first_name":"Avraham","last_name":"Grossman ז״ל","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"AvrahamGrossman","display_name":"Avraham Grossman ז״ל","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/AvrahamGrossman?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/77488329/19188369/19236040/s65_avraham.grossman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36071437 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36071437"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36071437, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36071437", }); 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xvii-xxxvi","created_at":"2019-12-07T20:13:13.441-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41218218/Shaul_Magid_Beginning_False_Beginning_and_the_Desire_for_Innovation_A_Hasidic_Master_s_Reflection_on_Beginnings_Translation_and_Commentary_in_Shaul_Magid_and_Aryeh_Cohen_eds_Beginning_Again_Toward_a_Hermeneutic_of_Jewish_Texts_New_York_Seven_Bridges_Press_2002_xvii_xxxvi?f_ri=18158","dom_id":"work_41218218","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61452748,"asset_id":41218218,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2301362,"first_name":"Shaul","last_name":"Magid","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"ShaulMagid","display_name":"Shaul Magid","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/ShaulMagid?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2301362/729568/31500754/s65_shaul.magid.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":13477,"name":"Rabbinics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinics?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":18158,"name":"Rabbinic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":23802,"name":"Modern Jewish Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Jewish_Philosophy?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":28247,"name":"Modern Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Jewish_History?f_ri=18158"},{"id":31747,"name":"Early Modern Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Jewish_History?f_ri=18158"},{"id":72586,"name":"Modern Jewish Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Jewish_Thought?f_ri=18158"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18172610" data-work_id="18172610" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18172610/The_%D7%92%D7%A8_Who_Wasnt_There_Fictional_Aliens_in_D_RevQ_2011_">The גר Who Wasn't There: Fictional Aliens in D (RevQ 2011)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The several sectarian texts from among the DSS that contain references to גרים pose significant problems for the historian. How should we translate the term-"permanent resident alien," as in Scripture, or "Gentile proselyte," as in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18172610" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The several sectarian texts from among the DSS that contain references to גרים pose significant problems for the historian. How should we translate the term-"permanent resident alien," as in Scripture, or "Gentile proselyte," as in rabbinic literature? Why do some texts, such as the Damascus Rule and 4QLots, treat the גר positively, while others, such as 4QFlorilegium, are entirely hostile? In view of the sect's general rejection of outsiders, especially Gentiles, in texts such as the War Rule and 4QMMT, how can the positive references to גרים be explained? Widely varying solutions have been proposed, all of which assume that the term designates a real social group within the sect. This essay tentatively proposes an alternative thesis: while גר seems to designate Gentile converts in sectarian texts, the category is a legal fiction created on the basis of Scripture-it seems highly unlikely that Gentiles ever joined the sect. Positive portraits of גרים in sectarian texts come from interest in crafting halakah for the pre-eschatological age that reflects scriptural law as faithfully as possible. Since throughout Scripture the גר is portrayed as participating in Israelite assemblies, cultic worship, and juridical <br />activity, and since numerous laws protect them from abuse and guarantee their access to material support when in need, the laws of D and other texts provide for similar inclusion. The Covenanters also thought of the גר's inclusion as temporary: eschatologically oriented texts show anticipation that the land, people, and cult of Israel would be purged entirely of Gentiles, including "good" גרים. This purge of Gentiles would at last fulfill God's command to Moses, to rid the land of idolatrous peoples. My proposal describes a consistent, if complex, attitude toward גרים in all sectarian texts that treat them. It also highlights the complexity of the Covenanters' halakah: some laws were intended to be followed in the present but not in restored Israel; others could not be followed at all in the present but would be at the restoration; still others could be followed partially now, but only fully with restoration. A few laws could neither be followed in the present nor in restored Israel, but had to be included in sectarian halakah due to the recurrence of their themes throughout Scripture. In this last category are laws that treat גרים.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18172610" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fa3d8df8c9978fa4fdfe835060ee9e36" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39914362,"asset_id":18172610,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39914362/download_file?st=MTc0MDYyMzg1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="799164" href="https://bc.academia.edu/YonderGillihan">Yonder M Gillihan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="799164" type="text/json">{"id":799164,"first_name":"Yonder","last_name":"Gillihan","domain_name":"bc","page_name":"YonderGillihan","display_name":"Yonder M Gillihan","profile_url":"https://bc.academia.edu/YonderGillihan?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/799164/273186/616432/s65_yonder.gillihan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18172610 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18172610"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18172610, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18172610", }); 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How should we translate the term-\"permanent resident alien,\" as in Scripture, or \"Gentile proselyte,\" as in rabbinic literature? Why do some texts, such as the Damascus Rule and 4QLots, treat the גר positively, while others, such as 4QFlorilegium, are entirely hostile? In view of the sect's general rejection of outsiders, especially Gentiles, in texts such as the War Rule and 4QMMT, how can the positive references to גרים be explained? Widely varying solutions have been proposed, all of which assume that the term designates a real social group within the sect. This essay tentatively proposes an alternative thesis: while גר seems to designate Gentile converts in sectarian texts, the category is a legal fiction created on the basis of Scripture-it seems highly unlikely that Gentiles ever joined the sect. Positive portraits of גרים in sectarian texts come from interest in crafting halakah for the pre-eschatological age that reflects scriptural law as faithfully as possible. Since throughout Scripture the גר is portrayed as participating in Israelite assemblies, cultic worship, and juridical \nactivity, and since numerous laws protect them from abuse and guarantee their access to material support when in need, the laws of D and other texts provide for similar inclusion. The Covenanters also thought of the גר's inclusion as temporary: eschatologically oriented texts show anticipation that the land, people, and cult of Israel would be purged entirely of Gentiles, including \"good\" גרים. This purge of Gentiles would at last fulfill God's command to Moses, to rid the land of idolatrous peoples. My proposal describes a consistent, if complex, attitude toward גרים in all sectarian texts that treat them. It also highlights the complexity of the Covenanters' halakah: some laws were intended to be followed in the present but not in restored Israel; others could not be followed at all in the present but would be at the restoration; still others could be followed partially now, but only fully with restoration. A few laws could neither be followed in the present nor in restored Israel, but had to be included in sectarian halakah due to the recurrence of their themes throughout Scripture. In this last category are laws that treat גרים.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39914362,"asset_id":18172610,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":799164,"first_name":"Yonder","last_name":"Gillihan","domain_name":"bc","page_name":"YonderGillihan","display_name":"Yonder M Gillihan","profile_url":"https://bc.academia.edu/YonderGillihan?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/799164/273186/616432/s65_yonder.gillihan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4460,"name":"Dead Sea Scrolls (Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dead_Sea_Scrolls_Religion_?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":9755,"name":"Second Temple Judaism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Temple_Judaism?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":18158,"name":"Rabbinic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":31901,"name":"Historical Development of Halakhah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Development_of_Halakhah?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":42692,"name":"Legal Fictions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Fictions?f_ri=18158"},{"id":138103,"name":"Aliens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aliens?f_ri=18158"},{"id":301736,"name":"Vampires today","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vampires_today?f_ri=18158"},{"id":389878,"name":"Damascus Document","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Damascus_Document?f_ri=18158"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2762327" data-work_id="2762327" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2762327/Gedolah_Averah_Lishmah_Mothers_of_the_Davidic_Dynasty_Feminine_Seduction_and_the_Development_of_Messianic_Thought_from_Rabbinic_Literature_to_Luzzatto_Nashim_24_2013_pp_27_52_%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%94">Gedolah Averah Lishmah- Mothers of the Davidic Dynasty, Feminine Seduction and the Development of Messianic Thought from Rabbinic Literature to Luzzatto. 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class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18975600/_Son_of_an_Israelite_Woman_and_an_Egyptian_Man_Jesus_as_the_Blasphemer_Lev_24_10_23_An_Anti_Gospel_Polemic_in_the_Zohar_Harvard_Theological_Review_110_1_2017_100_124">‘Son of an Israelite Woman and an Egyptian Man’; Jesus as the Blasphemer (Lev. 24:10-23): An Anti-Gospel Polemic in the Zohar, Harvard Theological Review 110:1 (2017), 100–124</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article attempts to advance a number of claims concerning the Zohar’s exegetical presentation of the biblical story of the blasphemer (Lev. 24: 10-23). The major thesis of the article is that the Zoharic interpretation contains a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18975600" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article attempts to advance a number of claims concerning the Zohar’s exegetical presentation of the biblical story of the blasphemer (Lev. 24: 10-23). The major thesis of the article is that the Zoharic interpretation contains a hidden anti-Christian polemic—one aimed directly at the figures of Jesus and the Virgin Mary. To prove this, the article shows that the Zohar’s language concerning the blasphemer recalls tropes and structures from the popular medieval polemical work, Toledot Yeshu. <br />The article provides a significant understanding of the ambivalent Zoharic attitude towards Jesus as the Son of God – and of the Virgin Mary as linked to the Shekhinah. <br /> <br />This article was previously published in my Ph.D. dissertation in 2012 (Hebrew).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18975600" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b25dcd4bdbc18942c4c80b405836dbc3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51988457,"asset_id":18975600,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51988457/download_file?st=MTc0MDYyMzg1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="943502" href="https://huji.academia.edu/JonatanBenarroch">Jonatan Benarroch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="943502" type="text/json">{"id":943502,"first_name":"Jonatan","last_name":"Benarroch","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"JonatanBenarroch","display_name":"Jonatan Benarroch","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/JonatanBenarroch?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/943502/649263/35862322/s65_jonatan.benarroch.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18975600 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18975600"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18975600, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18975600", }); 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Jesus as the Blasphemer (Lev. 24:10-23): An Anti-Gospel Polemic in the Zohar, Harvard Theological Review 110:1 (2017), 100–124","created_at":"2015-11-25T03:06:15.294-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18975600/_Son_of_an_Israelite_Woman_and_an_Egyptian_Man_Jesus_as_the_Blasphemer_Lev_24_10_23_An_Anti_Gospel_Polemic_in_the_Zohar_Harvard_Theological_Review_110_1_2017_100_124?f_ri=18158","dom_id":"work_18975600","summary":"This article attempts to advance a number of claims concerning the Zohar’s exegetical presentation of the biblical story of the blasphemer (Lev. 24: 10-23). The major thesis of the article is that the Zoharic interpretation contains a hidden anti-Christian polemic—one aimed directly at the figures of Jesus and the Virgin Mary. To prove this, the article shows that the Zohar’s language concerning the blasphemer recalls tropes and structures from the popular medieval polemical work, Toledot Yeshu. \r\nThe article provides a significant understanding of the ambivalent Zoharic attitude towards Jesus as the Son of God – and of the Virgin Mary as linked to the Shekhinah.\r\n\r\nThis article was previously published in my Ph.D. dissertation in 2012 (Hebrew).\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51988457,"asset_id":18975600,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":943502,"first_name":"Jonatan","last_name":"Benarroch","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"JonatanBenarroch","display_name":"Jonatan Benarroch","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/JonatanBenarroch?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/943502/649263/35862322/s65_jonatan.benarroch.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":4175,"name":"Talmud","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Talmud?f_ri=18158"},{"id":4264,"name":"Jewish Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Mysticism?f_ri=18158"},{"id":10099,"name":"History of Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religions?f_ri=18158"},{"id":14405,"name":"Midrash","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Midrash?f_ri=18158"},{"id":18158,"name":"Rabbinic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature?f_ri=18158"},{"id":26418,"name":"Kabbalah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kabbalah?f_ri=18158"},{"id":31664,"name":"Medieval Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Mysticism?f_ri=18158"},{"id":48550,"name":"Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Studies?f_ri=18158"},{"id":68127,"name":"Zohar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zohar?f_ri=18158"},{"id":73189,"name":"Toledot Yeshu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toledot_Yeshu?f_ri=18158"},{"id":89994,"name":"Jewish-Christian Polemics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish-Christian_Polemics?f_ri=18158"},{"id":758870,"name":"Inter-faith Contact and Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inter-faith_Contact_and_Theology?f_ri=18158"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39166733" data-work_id="39166733" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39166733/Religious_Education_and_Sacred_Study_in_the_Teachings_of_Rabbi_Yitshak_Hutner">Religious Education and Sacred Study in the Teachings of Rabbi Yitshak Hutner</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Rabbi Yitshak Hutner (1906-1980) was a remarkable scholar, an enigmatic religious intellectual and a charismatic teacher. Drawing upon his public discourses and his written letters, I argue that Hutner's vocabulary-which remained rooted... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39166733" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Rabbi Yitshak Hutner (1906-1980) was a remarkable scholar, an enigmatic religious intellectual and a charismatic teacher. Drawing upon his public discourses and his written letters, I argue that Hutner's vocabulary-which remained rooted almost entirely in the vocabulary of traditional Talmudism-afforded him a ready garment in which to clothe a syncretic educational theory, which combines Hasidic approaches to spiritual instruction and remakes the traditions of Lithuanian piety and study for his new American audience. The present study interrogates a series of key themes that appear in Hutner's teachings, all of which pertain to issues of pedagogy and the construction of religious education. The essay advances a historical argument by examining the works of an important and influential modern Jewish thinker, but it is also driven by a constructive question: What does Hutner's vision of Jewish religious teaching and learning have to contribute to today's Jewish education, and to the broader world of higher education in North America in particular?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39166733" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7f2a7b225d10d82e2f51a8234fc3ef8d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59291955,"asset_id":39166733,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59291955/download_file?st=MTc0MDYyMzg1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="201433" href="https://stanford.academia.edu/ArielMayse">Ariel Evan Mayse</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="201433" type="text/json">{"id":201433,"first_name":"Ariel","last_name":"Evan Mayse","domain_name":"stanford","page_name":"ArielMayse","display_name":"Ariel Evan Mayse","profile_url":"https://stanford.academia.edu/ArielMayse?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/201433/1985054/8831716/s65_ariel.mayse.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39166733 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39166733"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39166733, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39166733", }); 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Drawing upon his public discourses and his written letters, I argue that Hutner's vocabulary-which remained rooted almost entirely in the vocabulary of traditional Talmudism-afforded him a ready garment in which to clothe a syncretic educational theory, which combines Hasidic approaches to spiritual instruction and remakes the traditions of Lithuanian piety and study for his new American audience. The present study interrogates a series of key themes that appear in Hutner's teachings, all of which pertain to issues of pedagogy and the construction of religious education. The essay advances a historical argument by examining the works of an important and influential modern Jewish thinker, but it is also driven by a constructive question: What does Hutner's vision of Jewish religious teaching and learning have to contribute to today's Jewish education, and to the broader world of higher education in North America in particular?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59291955,"asset_id":39166733,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":201433,"first_name":"Ariel","last_name":"Evan Mayse","domain_name":"stanford","page_name":"ArielMayse","display_name":"Ariel Evan Mayse","profile_url":"https://stanford.academia.edu/ArielMayse?f_ri=18158","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/201433/1985054/8831716/s65_ariel.mayse.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12,"name":"Jewish American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_American_Literature?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":2397,"name":"Religious Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Education?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":4175,"name":"Talmud","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Talmud?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":6627,"name":"Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_History?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true},{"id":18158,"name":"Rabbinic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbinic_Literature?f_ri=18158"},{"id":23802,"name":"Modern Jewish Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Jewish_Philosophy?f_ri=18158"},{"id":26418,"name":"Kabbalah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kabbalah?f_ri=18158"},{"id":26467,"name":"Hasidism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hasidism?f_ri=18158"},{"id":28574,"name":"Jewish Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Education?f_ri=18158"},{"id":39556,"name":"History of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth?f_ri=18158"},{"id":72586,"name":"Modern Jewish Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Jewish_Thought?f_ri=18158"},{"id":176979,"name":"Spirituality and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality_and_Education?f_ri=18158"},{"id":421114,"name":"American Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Jewish_History?f_ri=18158"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41218223" data-work_id="41218223" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" 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u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35001735/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%99_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9F">קטעי הגניזה הקהירית באתר הכי גרסינן</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">1. מקום וזמן הכתיבה של קטעי הגניזה<br />2. צירופים<br />3. עדכון מצאי קטעי הגניזה<br />4. התמונות מרובות הקטעים ("מולטיפגרמנטס")</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35001735" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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type="text/json">{"id":1197,"name":"Digital Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Humanities?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2366" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manuscripts_and_Early_Printed_Books">Manuscripts and Early Printed Books</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2366" type="text/json">{"id":2366,"name":"Manuscripts and Early Printed Books","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manuscripts_and_Early_Printed_Books?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4175" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Talmud">Talmud</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4175" type="text/json">{"id":4175,"name":"Talmud","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Talmud?f_ri=18158","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: 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href="https://www.academia.edu/38100446/Shamma_Friedman_Hana_ah_and_Acquisitions_in_the_Talmud_Dine_Israel_vol_3_1972_115_145_Hebrew_">Shamma Friedman, “Hana’ah and Acquisitions in the Talmud,” Dine Israel, vol. 3 (1972): 115-145 (Hebrew)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">הנאה וקנינים בתלמוד", דיני ישראל ג (תשל"ב), עמ' 145-115"</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38100446" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e60e8c0182c51bb7687d39f2cad268f4" rel="nofollow" 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