CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">     <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="sk" xml:lang="sk" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"> <head> <title>Uncontrolled Longitudinal Emittance Blow-Up during RF Manipulations in the CERN PS - CERN Document Server</title> <link href='https://framework.web.cern.ch/framework/2.0/fonts/PTSansWeb/PTSansWeb.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/invenio.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_theme/css/cern_theme.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet"href="/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_toolbar/css/toolbar.css" type="text/css" />    <link rel="canonical" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="el" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=el" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=fr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="bg" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=bg" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-TW" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=zh_TW" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=pt" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="no" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=no" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="hr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=hr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ca" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=ca" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=de" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=it" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=zh_CN" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sv" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=sv" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sk" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=sk" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=en" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pl" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=pl" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=ru" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ka" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=ka" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=ja" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=es" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CERN Document Server RSS" href="/rss?ln=sk" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cds.cern.ch/opensearchdescription" title="CERN Document Server" /> <link rel="unapi-server" type="application/xml" title="unAPI" href="https://cds.cern.ch/unapi" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="sk" /> <meta name="description" content="The CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) determines the basic bunch spacing for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) by means of rf manipulations. Several rf systems in a frequency range from 2.8 MHz to 200 MHz are available for beam acceleration and manipulations. Each of the six bunches injected from the PS Booster is split in several steps into 12 bunches spaced by 25 ns, yielding a batch of 72 bunches at transfer to the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU) project the bunch intensity must be doubled. However, with most of the planned upgrades already in place this intensity has not yet been achieved due to collective effects. One of them is uncontrolled longitudinal emittance blow-up during the bunch splittings. In this contribution, measurements of the blow-up during the splitting process are presented and compared with particle simulations using the present PS impedance model. Beam-based measurements of the impedances of the rf cavities have been performed. They revealed that to reproduce the instability an additional impedance source is required in the PS impedance model. The CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) determines the basic bunch spacing for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) by means of rf manipulations. Several rf systems in a frequency range from 2.8 MHz to 200 MHz are available for beam acceleration and manipulations. Each of the six bunches injected from the PS Booster is split in several steps into 12 bunches spaced by 25 ns, yielding a batch of 72 bunches at transfer to the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU) project the bunch intensity must be doubled. However, with most of the planned upgrades already in place this intensity has not yet been achieved due to collective effects. One of them is uncontrolled longitudinal emittance blowup during the bunch splittings. In this contribution, measurements of the blow-up during the splitting process are presented and compared with particle simulations using the present PS impedance model. Beam-based measurements of the impedances of the rf cavities have been performed. They revealed that to reproduce the instability an additional impedance source is required in the PS impedance model. Lasheen, Alexandre; Damerau, Heiko; Favia, Giorgia" /> <meta name="keywords" content="impedance, cavity, emittance, simulation, controls" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/jquery.min.js"></script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/webnews.css" type="text/css" />  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/webnews.js?v=20131009"></script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="137353533001720"/>  <meta content="JACoW : Uncontrolled Longitudinal Emittance Blow-Up during RF Manipulations in the CERN PS" name="citation_title" /> <meta content="Lasheen, Alexandre" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Favia, Giorgia" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Damerau, Heiko" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAF041" name="citation_doi" /> <meta content="10.1088/1742-6596/1067/6/062018" name="citation_doi" /> <meta content="J. Phys.: Conf. Ser." name="citation_journal_title" /> <meta content="1067" name="citation_volume" /> <meta content="062018" name="citation_firstpage" /> <meta content="THPAF041" name="citation_firstpage" /> <meta content="2018" name="citation_publication_date" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2018/11/06"> <meta content="CERN-ACC-2018-174" name="citation_technical_report_number" /> <meta content="10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAF041" name="citation_doi" /> <meta content="10.1088/1742-6596/1067/6/062018" name="citation_doi" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/files/thpaf041.pdf" />  <meta content="Uncontrolled Longitudinal Emittance Blow-Up during RF Manipulations in the CERN PS" property="og:title" /> <meta content="JACoW" property="og:title" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057" property="og:url" /> <meta content="CERN Document Server" property="og:site_name" /> <meta content="The CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) determines the basic bunch spacing for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) by means of rf manipulations. Several rf systems in a frequency range from 2.8 MHz to 200 MHz are available for beam acceleration and manipulations. Each of the six bunches injected from the PS Booster is split in several steps into 12 bunches spaced by 25 ns, yielding a batch of 72 bunches at transfer to the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU) project the bunch intensity must be doubled. However, with most of the planned upgrades already in place this intensity has not yet been achieved due to collective effects. One of them is uncontrolled longitudinal emittance blow-up during the bunch splittings. In this contribution, measurements of the blow-up during the splitting process are presented and compared with particle simulations using the present PS impedance model. Beam-based measurements of the impedances of the rf cavities have been performed. They revealed that to reproduce the instability an additional impedance source is required in the PS impedance model." property="og:description" /> <meta content="JACoW" property="og:description" /> <meta content="The CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) determines the basic bunch spacing for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) by means of rf manipulations. Several rf systems in a frequency range from 2.8 MHz to 200 MHz are available for beam acceleration and manipulations. Each of the six bunches injected from the PS Booster is split in several steps into 12 bunches spaced by 25 ns, yielding a batch of 72 bunches at transfer to the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU) project the bunch intensity must be doubled. However, with most of the planned upgrades already in place this intensity has not yet been achieved due to collective effects. One of them is uncontrolled longitudinal emittance blowup during the bunch splittings. In this contribution, measurements of the blow-up during the splitting process are presented and compared with particle simulations using the present PS impedance model. Beam-based measurements of the impedances of the rf cavities have been performed. They revealed that to reproduce the instability an additional impedance source is required in the PS impedance model." property="og:description" /> <meta content="IOP" property="og:description" />  <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <style></style> </head> <body class="CERN32Document32Server search" lang="sk">  <div id="cern-toolbar"> <h1><a href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN">CERN <span>Accelerating science</span></a></h1> <ul> <li class="cern-accountlinks"><a class="cern-account" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/login?ln=sk&referer=https%3A//cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/export/hm%3Fln%3Dsk" title="Sign in to your CERN account">Sign in</a></li> <li><a class="cern-directory" href="http://cern.ch/directory" title="Search CERN resources and browse the directory">Directory</a></li> </ul> </div>   <div role="banner" class="clearfix" id="header"> <div class="header-inner inner"> <hgroup class="clearfix"> <h2 id="site-name"> <a rel="home" title="Home" href="/"><span>CERN Document Server</span></a> </h2> <h3 id="site-slogan">Access articles, reports and multimedia content in HEP</h3> </hgroup> <div role="navigation" id="main-navigation" class="cdsmenu"> <h2 class="element-invisible">Main menu</h2><ul class="links inline clearfix"> <li class="menu-386 first active-trail"><a class="active-trail" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=sk">Hľadaj</a></li> <li class="menu-444 "><a class="" title="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=sk">Pridaj</a></li> <li class="menu-426 "><a class="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=sk">Pomoc</a></li> <li class="leaf hassubcdsmenu"> <a hreflang="en" class="header" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=sk">Personalizácia</a> <ul class="subsubcdsmenu"><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/list?ln=sk">Your alerts</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourbaskets/display?ln=sk">Your baskets</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourcomments?ln=sk">Your comments</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/display?ln=sk">Your searches</a></li></ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  <table class="navtrailbox"> <tr> <td class="navtrailboxbody"> <a href="/?ln=sk" class="navtrail">Hlavná stránka</a> > <a class="navtrail" href="/record/2646057">Uncontrolled Longitudinal Emittance Blow-Up during RF Manipulations in the CERN PS</a> > HTML MARC </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="pagebody"><div class="pagebodystripemiddle"> <pre style="margin: 1em 0px;">002646057 001__ 2646057 002646057 003__ SzGeCERN 002646057 005__ 20210209110453.0 002646057 0247_ $$2DOI$$9JACoW$$a10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAF041 002646057 0247_ $$2DOI$$9bibmatch$$a10.1088/1742-6596/1067/6/062018 002646057 0248_ $$aoai:inspirehep.net:1690363$$pcerncds:CERN:FULLTEXT$$pcerncds:FULLTEXT$$pcerncds:CERN$$qINSPIRE:HEP$$qForCDS 002646057 035__ $$9http://inspirehep.net/oai2d$$aoai:inspirehep.net:1690363$$d2018-11-05T17:37:00Z$$h2018-11-06T05:00:06Z$$mmarcxml 002646057 035__ $$9Inspire$$a1690363 002646057 041__ $$aeng 002646057 088__ $$aCERN-ACC-2018-174 002646057 100__ $$aLasheen, Alexandre$$jJACoW-00068852$$malexandre.lasheen@cern.ch$$uCERN 002646057 245__ $$9JACoW$$aUncontrolled Longitudinal Emittance Blow-Up during RF Manipulations in the CERN PS 002646057 260__ $$c2018 002646057 300__ $$a7 p 002646057 520__ $$9JACoW$$aThe CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) determines the basic bunch spacing for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) by means of rf manipulations. Several rf systems in a frequency range from 2.8 MHz to 200 MHz are available for beam acceleration and manipulations. Each of the six bunches injected from the PS Booster is split in several steps into 12 bunches spaced by 25 ns, yielding a batch of 72 bunches at transfer to the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU) project the bunch intensity must be doubled. However, with most of the planned upgrades already in place this intensity has not yet been achieved due to collective effects. One of them is uncontrolled longitudinal emittance blow-up during the bunch splittings. In this contribution, measurements of the blow-up during the splitting process are presented and compared with particle simulations using the present PS impedance model. Beam-based measurements of the impedances of the rf cavities have been performed. They revealed that to reproduce the instability an additional impedance source is required in the PS impedance model. 002646057 520__ $$9IOP$$aThe CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) determines the basic bunch spacing for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) by means of rf manipulations. Several rf systems in a frequency range from 2.8 MHz to 200 MHz are available for beam acceleration and manipulations. Each of the six bunches injected from the PS Booster is split in several steps into 12 bunches spaced by 25 ns, yielding a batch of 72 bunches at transfer to the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU) project the bunch intensity must be doubled. However, with most of the planned upgrades already in place this intensity has not yet been achieved due to collective effects. One of them is uncontrolled longitudinal emittance blowup during the bunch splittings. In this contribution, measurements of the blow-up during the splitting process are presented and compared with particle simulations using the present PS impedance model. Beam-based measurements of the impedances of the rf cavities have been performed. They revealed that to reproduce the instability an additional impedance source is required in the PS impedance model. 002646057 540__ $$aCC-BY-3.0$$bJACoW$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 002646057 540__ $$3publication$$aCC-BY-3.0$$bIOP$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 002646057 65017 $$2SzGeCERN$$aAccelerators and Storage Rings 002646057 6531_ $$2JACoW$$aimpedance 002646057 6531_ $$2JACoW$$acavity 002646057 6531_ $$2JACoW$$aemittance 002646057 6531_ $$2JACoW$$asimulation 002646057 6531_ $$2JACoW$$acontrols 002646057 690C_ $$aCERN 002646057 693__ $$eCERN PS 002646057 700__ $$aDamerau, Heiko$$jJACoW-00004420$$mheiko.damerau@cern.ch$$uCERN 002646057 700__ $$aFavia, Giorgia$$jJACoW-00077127$$mgiorgia.favia@cern.ch$$uCERN 002646057 773__ $$cTHPAF041$$qIPAC2018$$wC18-04-29$$y2018 002646057 773__ $$c062018$$n6$$pJ. Phys.: Conf. Ser.$$v1067$$y2018 002646057 8564_ $$81446821$$s898648$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2646057/files/thpaf041.pdf 002646057 960__ $$a13 002646057 962__ $$b2317451$$kTHPAF041$$nvancouver20180429 002646057 980__ $$aARTICLE 002646057 980__ $$aConferencePaper 002646057 999C6 $$a0-1-0-1-0-0-1$$t2018-08-24 16:11:09$$vcontent.pdf;1$$vInvenio/1.1.2.1260-aa76f refextract/1.5.44 002646057 999C5 $$hH. Damerau and L. Ventura$$min Proceedings, Injector MD Days: CERN. Geneva, Switzerland, March 23-24,, pp. 59-62$$o1$$tLongitudinal coupled-bunch instability studies in the PS$$y2017 002646057 999C5 $$hE. Jensen, D. Grier, R. Losito, and A. K. Mitra$$min Proc. of EPAC98, (Copenhagen, Denmark), pp. 1773-1775, JACoW$$o2$$tThe PS 80 MHz Cavities$$y1998 002646057 999C5 $$hH. Damerau$$mTech. Rep. CERN-ABNote--052, CERN, Geneva, Apr$$o3$$tBunch Length along the Batch of the LHC Beam at Extraction from the PS$$y2008 002646057 999C5 $$o4$$tCERN Beam Longitudinal Dynamics code BLonD.$$uhttps://blond.web.cern.ch/ 002646057 999C5 $$01235651$$hM. Migliorati, S. Persichelli, H. Damerau, S. Gilardoni, S. Hancock, and L. Palumbo$$o5$$sPhys.Rev.ST Accel.Beams,16,031001$$tBeam-wall interaction in the CERN Proton Synchrotron for the LHC upgrade$$y2013 002646057 999C5 $$hE. Shaposhnikova, T. Argyropoulos, T. Bohl, F. Caspers, A. Lasheen, J. Esteban Muller, B. Salvant, H. Timko, and J. E. Varela$$min Proceedings of IPAC, (Dresden, Germany), pp. 1416-1418, June$$o6$$tIdentification of High-Frequency Resonant Impedance in the CERN SPS$$y2014 002646057 999C5 $$0424068$$hT. Bohl, T. P. R. Linnecar, and E. Shaposhnikova$$o7$$sPhys.Rev.Lett.,78,3109-3112$$tMeasuring the Resonance Structure of Accelerator Impedance with Single Bunches$$y1997 002646057 999C5 $$9CURATOR$$adoi:10.18429/JACoW$$hG. Favia, H. Damerau, M. Migliorati, M. Morvillo, and C. Rossi$$min Proc. of International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC’16), Busan, Korea, May 8-13,, no. 7 in International Particle Accelerator Conference, (Geneva, Switzerland), pp. 618-621, JACoW, June. doi:$$o8$$rIPAC-2016-MOPOR012$$tStudy of the Beam-Cavity Interaction in the PS 10 MHz RF System$$y2016 002646057 999C5 $$hS. Hancock, M. Angoletta, and A. Findlay$$mTech. Rep MD, Geneva, Nov$$o9$$rCERN-ATS-NOTE-2010-055$$tLEIR RF Voltage Calibration using Phase Space Tomography$$y2010 002646057 999C5 $$hA. Lasheen, H. Damerau, J. Repond, M. Schwarz, and E. Shaposhnikova$$mIPAC18, Vancouver,Canada, this conference$$o10$$tImprovement of the Longitudinal Beam Transfer from PS to SPS at CERN 002646057 999C5 $$hB. Popovic and C. Vollinger$$mIPAC18, Vancouver,Canada,thisConference$$o11$$tLongitudinal Impedance Simulations of the Fast Kickers in the CERN-PS 002646057 999C5 $$9CURATOR$$hB. Popovic and C. Vollinger$$mIPAC18, Vancouver, Canada, this conference.$$o12$$tBeam Impedance Evaluation for CERN PS Gate Valves by Simulation and Benchmark Measurements$$y2018</pre></div></div> <footer id="footer" class="pagefooter clearfix">  <div class="pagefooterstripeleft"> CERN Document Server :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=sk">Hľadaj</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=sk">Pridaj</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=sk">Personalizácia</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=sk">Pomoc</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=privacy_policy&se=CDS-Service" target="_blank">Privacy Notice</a> <br /> Powered by <a class="footer" href="http://invenio-software.org/">Invenio</a> <br /> Spravuje <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Service</a> - Need help? Contact <a href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Support</a>. <br /> </div> <div class="pagefooterstriperight"> <div class="cern-logo"> <a id="logo" href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN" rel="CERN" ><img src="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_theme/img/cern-logo-large.png" alt="CERN" /></a> </div> <div class="cern-languagebox"> Táto stránka je tiež dostupná v nasledujúcich jazykoch:<br /><a href="/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=bg" class="langinfo">Български</a>  <a href="/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=ca" class="langinfo">Català</a>  <a href="/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=de" class="langinfo">Deutsch</a>  <a href="/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=el" class="langinfo">Ελληνικά</a>  <a href="/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=en" class="langinfo">English</a>  <a href="/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=es" class="langinfo">Español</a>  <a href="/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=fr" class="langinfo">Français</a>  <a href="/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=hr" class="langinfo">Hrvatski</a>  <a href="/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=it" class="langinfo">Italiano</a>  <a href="/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=ja" class="langinfo">日本語</a>  <a href="/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=ka" class="langinfo">ქართული</a>  <a href="/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=no" class="langinfo">Norsk/Bokmål</a>  <a href="/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=pl" class="langinfo">Polski</a>  <a href="/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=pt" class="langinfo">Português</a>  <a href="/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=ru" class="langinfo">Русский</a>  <span class="langinfo">Slovensky</span>  <a href="/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=sv" class="langinfo">Svenska</a>  <a href="/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=zh_CN" class="langinfo">中文(简)</a>  <a href="/record/2646057/export/hm?ln=zh_TW" class="langinfo">中文(繁)</a> </div> </div>  </footer> <script type="text/javascript"> var SyndeticsBookCovers = (function() { var SMALL_SIZE = "sc.gif", MEDIUM_SIZE = "mc.gif", RAW_URL = "https://secure.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=THEISBN/THESIZE&client=cernlibrary"; replaceCover = function(imgElement, isbns, hdFormat) { var img = new Image(), size = hdFormat ? MEDIUM_SIZE : SMALL_SIZE; var _isbns = isbns.sort(function(a, b) { // sort from shortest to longest ISBN (more modern) return a.length > b.length ? 1 : -1; }); function next() { var isbn = _isbns.pop(); if (isbn) { var url = RAW_URL.replace("THEISBN", isbn).replace("THESIZE", size); img.src = url; } } function done() { imgElement.src = img.src; } img.onload = function() { if (this.width > 1) { done(); } else { next(); } }; next(); }; return { replaceCover: replaceCover }; })(); $(document).ready(function() { // get book covers $("img.book-cover").each(function() { var $this = $(this), strIsbns = $this.data("isbns") || "", isbnsArray = String(strIsbns).split(","), hdFormat = $this.hasClass("hd"); SyndeticsBookCovers.replaceCover(this, isbnsArray, hdFormat); }); // WebNews tooltips $.ajax({ url: "/news/tooltips", success: function(data) { create_tooltips(data); }, dataType: "json", cache: false }); }); </script>  <script src="//cds.cern.ch/js/feedback.js"></script>   <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="https://webanalytics.web.cern.ch/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '756']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  </body> </html>