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facades</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: double skin facades"> <meta name="keywords" content="double skin facades"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="double skin facades"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2345</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: double skin facades</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2345</span> Enhancement of Visual Comfort Using Parametric Double Skin Façade</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Khamis">Ahmed A. Khamis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20A.%20Ibrahim"> Sherif A. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20El%20Khatieb"> Mahmoud El Khatieb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20A.%20Barakat"> Mohamed A. Barakat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Parametric design is an icon of the modern architectural that facilitate taking complex design decisions counting on altering various design parameters. Double skin facades are one of the parametric applications for using parametric designs. This paper opts to enhance different daylight parameters of a selected case study office building in Cairo using parametric double skin facade. First, the design and optimization process executed utilizing Grasshopper parametric design software which is a plugin in rhino. The daylighting performance of the base case building model was compared with the one used the double façade showing an enhancement in daylighting performance indicators like glare and task illuminance in the modified model, execution drawings are made for the optimized design to be executed through Revit, followed by computerized digital fabrication stages of the designed model with various scales to reach the final design decisions using Simplify 3D for mock-up digital fabrication <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parametric%20design" title="parametric design">parametric design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20skin%20facades" title=" double skin facades"> double skin facades</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20fabrication" title=" digital fabrication"> digital fabrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grasshopper" title=" grasshopper"> grasshopper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simplify%203D" title=" simplify 3D"> simplify 3D</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156634/enhancement-of-visual-comfort-using-parametric-double-skin-facade" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156634.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2344</span> Dynamic Facades: A Literature Review on Double-Skin Façade with Lightweight Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Mantilla">Victor Mantilla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romeu%20Vicente"> Romeu Vicente</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ant%C3%B3nio%20Figueiredo"> António Figueiredo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Ferreira"> Victor Ferreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandra%20Sorte"> Sandra Sorte</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Integrating dynamic facades into contemporary building design is shaping a new era of energy efficiency and user comfort. These innovative facades, often constructed using lightweight construction systems and materials, offer an opportunity to have a responsive and adaptive nature to the dynamic behavior of the outdoor climate. Therefore, in regions characterized by high fluctuations in daily temperatures, the ability to adapt to environmental changes is of paramount importance and a challenge. This paper presents a thorough review of the state of the art on double-skin facades (DSF), focusing on lightweight solutions for the external envelope. Dynamic facades featuring elements like movable shading devices, phase change materials, and advanced control systems have revolutionized the built environment. They offer a promising path for reducing energy consumption while enhancing occupant well-being. Lightweight construction systems are increasingly becoming the choice for the constitution of these facade solutions, offering benefits such as reduced structural loads and reduced construction waste, improving overall sustainability. However, the performance of dynamic facades based on low thermal inertia solutions in climatic contexts with high thermal amplitude is still in need of research since their ability to adapt is traduced in variability/manipulation of the thermal transmittance coefficient (U-value). Emerging technologies can enable such a dynamic thermal behavior through innovative materials, changes in geometry and control to optimize the facade performance. These innovations will allow a facade system to respond to shifting outdoor temperature, relative humidity, wind, and solar radiation conditions, ensuring that energy efficiency and occupant comfort are both met/coupled. This review addresses the potential configuration of double-skin facades, particularly concerning their responsiveness to seasonal variations in temperature, with a specific focus on addressing the challenges posed by winter and summer conditions. Notably, the design of a dynamic facade is significantly shaped by several pivotal factors, including the choice of materials, geometric considerations, and the implementation of effective monitoring systems. Within the realm of double skin facades, various configurations are explored, encompassing exhaust air, supply air, and thermal buffering mechanisms. According to the review places a specific emphasis on the thermal dynamics at play, closely examining the impact of factors such as the color of the facade, the slat angle's dimensions, and the positioning and type of shading devices employed in these innovative architectural structures.This paper will synthesize the current research trends in this field, with the presentation of case studies and technological innovations with a comprehensive understanding of the cutting-edge solutions propelling the evolution of building envelopes in the face of climate change, namely focusing on double-skin lightweight solutions to create sustainable, adaptable, and responsive building envelopes. As indicated in the review, flexible and lightweight systems have broad applicability across all building sectors, and there is a growing recognition that retrofitting existing buildings may emerge as the predominant approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive" title="adaptive">adaptive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20systems" title=" control systems"> control systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20facades" title=" dynamic facades"> dynamic facades</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=responsive" title=" responsive"> responsive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title=" thermal comfort"> thermal comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20transmittance" title=" thermal transmittance"> thermal transmittance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174176/dynamic-facades-a-literature-review-on-double-skin-facade-with-lightweight-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2343</span> An Integrated CFD and Experimental Analysis on Double-Skin Window</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheam-Chyun%20Lin">Sheam-Chyun Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-Kai%20Chen"> Wei-Kai Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hung-Cheng%20Yen"> Hung-Cheng Yen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yung-Jen%20Cheng"> Yung-Jen Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Cheng%20Chen"> Yu-Cheng Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Result from the constant dwindle in natural resources, the alternative way to reduce the costs in our daily life would be urgent to be found in the near future. As the ancient technique based on the theory of solar chimney since roman times, the double-skin façade are simply composed of two large glass panels in purpose of daylighting and also natural ventilation in the daytime. Double-skin façade is generally installed on the exterior side of buildings as function as the window, so there’s always a huge amount of passive solar energy the façade would receive to induce the airflow every sunny day. Therefore this article imposes a domestic double-skin window for residential usage and attempts to improve the volume flow rate inside the cavity between the panels by the frame geometry design, the installation of outlet guide plate and the solar energy collection system. Note that the numerical analyses are applied to investigate the characteristics of flow field, and the boundary conditions in the simulation are totally based on the practical experiment of the original prototype. Then we redesign the prototype from the knowledge of the numerical results and fluid dynamic theory, and later the experiments of modified prototype will be conducted to verify the simulation results. The velocities at the inlet of each case are increase by 5%, 45% and 15% from the experimental data, and also the numerical simulation results reported 20% improvement in volume flow rate both for the frame geometry design and installation of outlet guide plate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title="solar energy">solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double-skin%20fa%C3%A7ades" title=" double-skin façades"> double-skin façades</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20buoyancy" title=" thermal buoyancy"> thermal buoyancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20machinery" title=" fluid machinery"> fluid machinery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26752/an-integrated-cfd-and-experimental-analysis-on-double-skin-window" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">497</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2342</span> A Study on the Wind Energy Produced in the Building Skin Using Piezoelectricity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Mota%20Carmo">Sara Mota Carmo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, there is an increasing demand for buildings to be energetically autonomous through energy generation systems from renewable sources, according to the concept of a net zero energy building (NZEB). In this sense, the present study aims to study the integration of wind energy through piezoelectricity applied to the building skin. As a methodology, a reduced-scale prototype of a building was developed and tested in a wind tunnel, with the four façades monitored by recording the energy produced by each. The applied wind intensities varied between 2m/s and 8m/s and the four façades were compared with each other regarding the energy produced according to the intensity of wind and position in the wind. The results obtained concluded that it was not a sufficient system to generate sources to cover family residential buildings' energy needs. However, piezoelectricity is expanding and can be a promising path for a wind energy system in architecture as a complement to other renewable energy sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptative%20building%20skin" title="adaptative building skin">adaptative building skin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetic%20fa%C3%A7ade" title=" kinetic façade"> kinetic façade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energy%20in%20architecture" title=" wind energy in architecture"> wind energy in architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NZEB" title=" NZEB"> NZEB</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171725/a-study-on-the-wind-energy-produced-in-the-building-skin-using-piezoelectricity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2341</span> The Acoustic Performance of Double-skin Wind Energy Facade</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Mota%20Carmo">Sara Mota Carmo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wind energy applied in architecture has been largely abandoned due to the uncomfortable noise it causes. This study aims to investigate the acoustical performance in the urban environment and indoor environment of a double-skin wind energy facade. Measurements for sound transmission were recorded by using a hand-held sound meter device on a reduced-scale prototype of a wind energy façade. The applied wind intensities ranged between 2m/s and 8m/s, and the increase sound produced were proportional to the wind intensity.The study validates the acoustic performance of wind energy façade using a double skin façade system, showing that noise reduction indoor by approximately 30 to 35 dB. However, the results found that above 6m/s win intensity, in urban environment, the wind energy system applied to the façade exceeds the maximum 50dB recommended by world health organization and needs some adjustments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double-skin%20wind%20energy%20facade" title="double-skin wind energy facade">double-skin wind energy facade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20energy%20facade" title=" acoustic energy facade"> acoustic energy facade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energy%20in%20architecture" title=" wind energy in architecture"> wind energy in architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energy%20prototype" title=" wind energy prototype"> wind energy prototype</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171934/the-acoustic-performance-of-double-skin-wind-energy-facade" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2340</span> Thermodynamic Analysis of Ventilated Façades under Operating Conditions in Southern Spain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20A.%20Dom%C3%ADnguez%20Torres">Carlos A. Domínguez Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Dom%C3%ADnguez%20Delgado"> Antonio Domínguez Delgado</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work we study the thermodynamic behavior of some ventilated facades under summer operating conditions in Southern Spain. Under these climatic conditions, indoor comfort implies a high energetic demand due to high temperatures that usually are reached in this season in the considered geographical area. The aim of this work is to determine if during summer operating conditions in Southern Spain, ventilated façades provide some energy saving compared to the non-ventilated façades and to deduce their behavior patterns in terms of energy efficiency. The modeling of the air flow in the channel has been performed by using Navier-Stokes equations for thermodynamic flows. Numerical simulations have been carried out with a 2D Finite Element approach. This way, we analyze the behavior of ventilated façades under different weather conditions as variable wind, variable temperature and different levels of solar irradiation. CFD computations show that the combined effect of the shading of the external wall and the ventilation by the natural convection into the air gap achieve a reduction of the heat load during the summer period. This reduction has been evaluated by comparing the thermodynamic performances of two ventilated and two unventilated façades with the same geometry and thermophysical characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20cooling" title="passive cooling">passive cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilated%20fa%C3%A7ades" title=" ventilated façades"> ventilated façades</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-efficient%20building" title=" energy-efficient building"> energy-efficient building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2024/thermodynamic-analysis-of-ventilated-facades-under-operating-conditions-in-southern-spain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2339</span> Behavior of Double Skin Circular Tubular Steel-Concrete-Composite Column</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usha%20Sivasankaran">Usha Sivasankaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seetha%20Raman"> Seetha Raman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Experimental work on Double skin Concrete Filled tubes (DSCFT) are a variation of CFT (Concrete- filled steel tubular) with a hollow core formed by two concentric steel tubes in – filled with concrete. Six Specimens with three different volume fractions of steel fibres are cast and tested. Experiments on circular steel tubes in – filled with steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) and normal concrete have been performed to investigate the contribution of steel fibres to the load bearing capacity of Short Composite Columns. The main Variable considered in the test study is the percentage of steel fibres added to the in –filled concrete. All the specimens were tested under axial compression until failure state realisation. This project presents the percentage Variation in the compression strengths of the 3 types of Composite members taken under Study. The results show that 1.5% SFRC in filled steel columns exhibit enhanced ultimate load carrying capacity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20columns" title="composite columns">composite columns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization%20of%20steel" title=" optimization of steel"> optimization of steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20skin" title=" double skin"> double skin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSCFT" title=" DSCFT"> DSCFT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19138/behavior-of-double-skin-circular-tubular-steel-concrete-composite-column" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">548</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2338</span> Applying Renowned Energy Simulation Engines to Neural Control System of Double Skin Façade</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zdravko%20E%C5%A1kinja">Zdravko Eškinja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lovre%20Miljani%C4%87"> Lovre Miljanić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ognjen%20Kulja%C4%8Da"> Ognjen Kuljača</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is an overview of simulation tools used to model specific thermal dynamics that occurs while controlling double skin façade. Research has been conducted on simplified construction with single zone where one side is glazed. Heat flow and temperature responses are simulated in three different simulation tools: IDA-ICE, EnergyPlus and HAMBASE. The excitation of observed system, used in all simulations, was a temperature step of exterior environment. Air infiltration, insulation and other disturbances are excluded from this research. Although such isolated behaviour is not possible in reality, experiments are carried out to gain novel information about heat flow transients which are not observable under regular conditions. Results revealed new possibilities for adapting the parameters of the neural network regulator. Along numerical simulations, the same set-up has been also tested in a real-time experiment with a 1:18 scaled model and thermal chamber. The comparison analysis brings out interesting conclusion about simulation accuracy in this particular case. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20skin%20fa%C3%A7ade" title="double skin façade">double skin façade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20tests" title=" experimental tests"> experimental tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20control" title=" heat control"> heat control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20flow" title=" heat flow"> heat flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulated%20tests" title=" simulated tests"> simulated tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20tools" title=" simulation tools"> simulation tools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71334/applying-renowned-energy-simulation-engines-to-neural-control-system-of-double-skin-facade" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2337</span> A Review of the Drawbacks of Current Fixed Connection Façade Systems, Non-Structural Standards, and Ways of Integrating Movable Façade Technology into Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Abtahi">P. Abtahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Samali"> B. Samali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Façade panels of various shapes, weights, and connections usually act as a barrier between the indoor and outdoor environments. They also play a major role in enhancing the aesthetics of building structures. They are attached by different types of connections to the primary structure or inner panels in double skin façade skins. Structural buildings designed to withstand seismic shocks have been undergoing a critical appraisal in recent years, with the emphasis changing from ‘strength’ to ‘performance’. Performance based design and analysis have found their way into research, development, and practice of earthquake engineering, particularly after the 1994 Northridge and 1995 Kobe earthquakes. The design performance of facades as non-structural elements has now focused mainly on evaluating the damage sustained by façade frames with fixed connections, not movable ones. This paper will review current design standards for structural buildings, including the performance of structural and non-structural components during earthquake excitations in order to overview and evaluate the damage assessment and behaviour of various façade systems in building structures during seismic activities. The proposed solutions for each facade system will be discussed case by case to evaluate their potential for incorporation with newly designed connections. Finally, Double-Skin-Facade systems can potentially be combined with movable facade technology, although other glazing systems would require minor to major changes in their design before being integrated into the system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20performance" title="building performance">building performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake%20engineering" title=" earthquake engineering"> earthquake engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glazing%20system" title=" glazing system"> glazing system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=movable%20fa%C3%A7ade%20technology" title=" movable façade technology "> movable façade technology </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22498/a-review-of-the-drawbacks-of-current-fixed-connection-facade-systems-non-structural-standards-and-ways-of-integrating-movable-facade-technology-into-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">548</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2336</span> Improved Skin Detection Using Colour Space and Texture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Medjram%20Sofiane">Medjram Sofiane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babahenini%20Mohamed%20Chaouki"> Babahenini Mohamed Chaouki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Benali%20Yamina"> Mohamed Benali Yamina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Skin detection is an important task for computer vision systems. A good method for skin detection means a good and successful result of the system. The colour is a good descriptor that allows us to detect skin colour in the images, but because of lightings effects and objects that have a similar colour skin, skin detection becomes difficult. In this paper, we proposed a method using the YCbCr colour space for skin detection and lighting effects elimination, then we use the information of texture to eliminate the false regions detected by the YCbCr colour skin model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20detection" title="skin detection">skin detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YCbCr" title=" YCbCr"> YCbCr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GLCM" title=" GLCM"> GLCM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=texture" title=" texture"> texture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20skin" title=" human skin"> human skin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19039/improved-skin-detection-using-colour-space-and-texture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2335</span> Analysis of Tactile Perception of Textiles by Fingertip Skin Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izabela%20L.%20Ciesielska-Wr%CF%8Cbel">Izabela L. Ciesielska-Wrόbel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents finite element models of the fingertip skin which have been created to simulate the contact of textile objects with the skin to gain a better understanding of the perception of textiles through the skin, so-called Hand of Textiles (HoT). Many objective and subjective techniques have been developed to analyze HoT, however none of them provide exact overall information concerning the sensation of textiles through the skin. As the human skin is a complex heterogeneous hyperelastic body composed of many particles, some simplifications had to be made at the stage of building the models. The same concerns models of woven structures, however their utilitarian value was maintained. The models reflect only friction between skin and woven textiles, deformation of the skin and fabrics when “touching” textiles and heat transfer from the surface of the skin into direction of textiles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fingertip%20skin%20models" title="fingertip skin models">fingertip skin models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20models" title=" finite element models"> finite element models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling%20of%20textiles" title=" modelling of textiles"> modelling of textiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensation%20of%20textiles%20through%20the%20skin" title=" sensation of textiles through the skin"> sensation of textiles through the skin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26064/analysis-of-tactile-perception-of-textiles-by-fingertip-skin-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2334</span> Optimization Aluminium Design for the Facade Second Skin toward Visual Comfort: Case Studies & Dialux Daylighting Simulation Model </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaseri%20Dahlia%20Apritasari">Yaseri Dahlia Apritasari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Visual comfort is important for the building occupants to need. Visual comfort can be fulfilled through natural lighting (daylighting) and artificial lighting. One strategy to optimize natural lighting can be achieved through the facade second skin design. This strategy can reduce glare, and fulfill visual comfort need. However, the design strategy cannot achieve light intensity for visual comfort. Because the materials, design and opening percentage of the facade of second skin blocked sunlight. This paper discusses aluminum material for the facade second skin design that can fulfill the optimal visual comfort with the case studies Multi Media Tower building. The methodology of the research is combination quantitative and qualitative through field study observed, lighting measurement and visual comfort questionnaire. Then it used too simulation modeling (DIALUX 4.13, 2016) for three facades second skin design model. Through following steps; (1) Measuring visual comfort factor: light intensity indoor and outdoor; (2) Taking visual comfort data from building occupants; (3) Making models with different facade second skin design; (3) Simulating and analyzing the light intensity value for each models that meet occupants visual comfort standard: 350 lux (Indonesia National Standard, 2010). The result shows that optimization of aluminum material for the facade second skin design can meet optimal visual comfort for building occupants. The result can give recommendation aluminum opening percentage of the facade second skin can meet optimal visual comfort for building occupants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium%20material" title="aluminium material">aluminium material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Facade" title=" Facade"> Facade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20skin" title=" second skin"> second skin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20comfort" title=" visual comfort "> visual comfort </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93095/optimization-aluminium-design-for-the-facade-second-skin-toward-visual-comfort-case-studies-dialux-daylighting-simulation-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2333</span> The Role of Facades in Conserving the Image of the City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hemadri%20Raut">Hemadri Raut</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The city is a blend of the possible interactions of the built form, open spaces and their spatial organization layout in a geographical area to obtain an integrated pattern and environment with building facades being a dominant figure in the body of a city. Façades of each city have their own inherent properties responsive to the human behaviour, weather conditions, safety factors, material availability and composition along with the necessary aesthetics in coordination with adjacent building facades. Cities experience a huge transformation in the culture, lifestyle; socioeconomic conditions and technology nowadays because of the increasing population, urban sprawl, industrialization, contemporary architectural style, post-disaster consequences, war reconstructions, etc. This leads to the loss of the actual identity and architectural character of the city which in turn induces chaos and turbulence in the city. This paper attempts to identify and learn from the traditional elements that would make us more aware of the unique identity of the local communities in a city. It further studies the architectural style, color, shape, and design techniques through the case studies of contextual cities. The work focuses on the observation and transformation of the image of the city through these considerations in the designing of the facades to achieve the reconciliation of the people with urban spaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20facades" title="building facades">building facades</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city" title=" city"> city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community" title=" community"> community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage" title=" heritage"> heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformation" title=" transformation"> transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban" title=" urban"> urban</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81979/the-role-of-facades-in-conserving-the-image-of-the-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2332</span> Effect of Double-Skin Facade Configuration on the Energy Performance of Office Building in Maritime Desert Climate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Umaru%20Mohammed">B. Umaru Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20A.%20Al-Maziad"> Faris A. Al-Maziad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Y.%20Numan"> Mohammad Y. Numan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most important factors affecting the energy performance within a building is a carefully and efficiently designed facade. The primary aim of this research was to identify and present the potentiality of utilising Double-Skin Facade (DSF) construction and critically examine its effect on the energy consumption of an office building located within a maritime desert climate as to the conventional single-skin curtain wall system. A comparative analysis of the effect on the overall energy consumption within an office building was investigated in which a combination of various Double-Skin Facade configurations, systems, and cavity depths, glazing types and orientations were utilised. A computer dynamic modelling was utilised in order to ensure accurate calculations and efficient simulations of the various DSF systems due to the complex nature of the various functions within the Facade cavity. Through the use of the dynamic thermal modelling simulations, the best cavity size glazed type and orientation were determined to lead to a detailed analysis of the efficiency of each respective combination of Double-Skin Facade construction. As such the optimal facade combination for use within an office building located in a maritime desert climate was identified. Results demonstrated that a multi-story Facade, depending on its configuration, save up to 5% on annual cooling loads respect to a Corridor Facade and while vented can save unto 12% when compared to the single skin façade, on annual cooling load in the maritime desert climate. The selected configuration of the DSF from SSF saves an overall annual cooling load of 32%.A comparative analysis of the effect on the overall energy consumption within an office building was investigated in which a combination of various Double-Skin Facade configurations, systems, and cavity depths, glazing types and orientations were utilized. A computer dynamic modelling was utilized in order to ensure accurate calculations and efficient simulations of the various DSF systems due to the complex nature of the various functions within the Facade cavity. Through the use of the dynamic thermal modelling simulations, the best cavity size glazed type and orientation were determined to lead to a detailed analysis of the efficiency of each respective combination of Double-Skin Facade construction. As such the optimal facade combination for use within an office building located in a maritime desert climate was identified. Results demonstrated that a multi-story Facade, depending on its configuration, save up to 5% on annual cooling loads respect to a Corridor Facade and while vented can save unto 12% when compared to the single skin facade, on annual cooling load in the maritime desert climate. The selected configuration of the DSF from SSF saves an overall annual cooling load of 32%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20dynamics%20modelling" title="computer dynamics modelling">computer dynamics modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20analysis" title=" comparative analysis"> comparative analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20computation" title=" energy computation"> energy computation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20skin%20facade" title=" double skin facade"> double skin facade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20skin%20curtain%20wall" title=" single skin curtain wall"> single skin curtain wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20desert%20climate" title=" maritime desert climate"> maritime desert climate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66975/effect-of-double-skin-facade-configuration-on-the-energy-performance-of-office-building-in-maritime-desert-climate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2331</span> Parametric Models of Facade Designs of High-Rise Residential Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuchen%20Sharon%20Sung">Yuchen Sharon Sung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingjui%20Tseng"> Yingjui Tseng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-rise residential buildings have become the most mainstream housing pattern in the world’s metropolises under the current trend of urbanization. The facades of high-rise buildings are essential elements of the urban landscape. The skins of these facades are important media between the interior and exterior of high- rise buildings. It not only connects between users and environments, but also plays an important functional and aesthetic role. This research involves a study of skins of high-rise residential buildings using the methodology of shape grammar to find out the rules which determine the combinations of the facade patterns and analyze the patterns’ parameters using software Grasshopper. We chose a number of facades of high-rise residential buildings as source to discover the underlying rules and concepts of the generation of facade skins. This research also provides the rules that influence the composition of facade skins. The items of the facade skins, such as windows, balconies, walls, sun visors and metal grilles are treated as elements in the system of facade skins. The compositions of these elements will be categorized and described by logical rules; and the types of high-rise building facade skins will be modelled by Grasshopper. Then a variety of analyzed patterns can also be applied on other facade skins through this parametric mechanism. Using these patterns established in the models, researchers can analyze each single item to do more detail tests and architects can apply each of these items to construct their facades for other buildings through various combinations and permutations. The goal of these models is to develop a mechanism to generate prototypes in order to facilitate generation of various facade skins. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facade%20skin" title="facade skin">facade skin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grasshopper" title=" grasshopper"> grasshopper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-rise%20residential%20building" title=" high-rise residential building"> high-rise residential building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20grammar" title=" shape grammar"> shape grammar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22010/parametric-models-of-facade-designs-of-high-rise-residential-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22010.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2330</span> CFD Modelling and Thermal Performance Analysis of Ventilated Double Skin Roof Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20O.%20Idris">A. O. Idris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Virgone"> J. Virgone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20I.%20Ibrahim"> A. I. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20David"> D. David</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Vergnault"> E. Vergnault</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In hot countries, the major challenge is the air conditioning. The increase in energy consumption by air conditioning stems from the need to live in more comfortable buildings, which is understandable. But in Djibouti, one of the countries with the most expensive electricity in the world, this need is exacerbated by an architecture that is inappropriate and unsuitable for climatic conditions. This paper discusses the design of the roof which is the surface receiving the most solar radiation. The roof determines the general behavior of the building. The study presents Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling and analysis of the energy performance of a double skin ventilated roof. The particularity of this study is that it considers the climate of Djibouti characterized by hot and humid conditions in winter and very hot and humid in summer. Roof simulations are carried out using the Ansys Fluent software to characterize the flow and the heat transfer induced in the ventilated roof in steady state. This modeling is carried out by comparing the influence of several parameters such as the internal emissivity of the upper surface, the thickness of the insulation of the roof and the thickness of the ventilated channel on heat gain through the roof. The energy saving potential compared to the current construction in Djibouti is also presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building" title="building">building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20skin%20roof" title=" double skin roof"> double skin roof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermo-fluid%20analysis" title=" thermo-fluid analysis"> thermo-fluid analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20saving" title=" energy saving"> energy saving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forced%20convection" title=" forced convection"> forced convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20convection" title=" natural convection"> natural convection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76124/cfd-modelling-and-thermal-performance-analysis-of-ventilated-double-skin-roof-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2329</span> Penetration Depth Study of Linear Siloxanes through Human Skin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Szymkowska">K. Szymkowska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Mojsiewicz-%20Pie%C5%84kowska"> K. Mojsiewicz- Pieńkowska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Siloxanes are a common ingredients in medicinal products used on the skin, as well as cosmetics. It is widely believed that the silicones are not capable of overcoming the skin barrier. The aim of the study was to verify the possibility of penetration and permeation of linear siloxanes through human skin and determine depth penetration limit of these compounds. Based on the results it was found that human skin is not a barrier for linear siloxanes. PDMS 50 cSt was not identified in the dermis suggests that this molecular size of silicones (3780Da) is safe when it is used in the skin formulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20siloxanes" title="linear siloxanes">linear siloxanes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl%20siloxanes" title=" methyl siloxanes"> methyl siloxanes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20penetration" title=" skin penetration"> skin penetration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20permeation" title=" skin permeation"> skin permeation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47996/penetration-depth-study-of-linear-siloxanes-through-human-skin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47996.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2328</span> Electrospun Alginate Nanofibers Containing Spirulina Extract Double-Layered with Polycaprolactone Nanofibers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seon%20Yeong%20Byeon">Seon Yeong Byeon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hwa%20Sung%20Shin"> Hwa Sung Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanofibrous sheets are of interest in the beauty industries due to the properties of moisturizing, adhesion to skin and delivery of nutrient materials. The benefit and function of the cosmetic products should not be considered without safety thus a non-toxic manufacturing process is ideal when fabricating the products. In this study, we have developed cosmetic patches consisting of alginate and Spirulina extract, a marine resource which has antibacterial and antioxidant effects, without addition of harmful cross-linkers. The patches obtained their structural stabilities by layer-upon-layer electrospinning of an alginate layer on a formerly spread polycaprolactone (PCL) layer instead of crosslinking method. The morphological characteristics, release of Spirulina extract, water absorption, skin adhesiveness and cytotoxicity of the double-layered patches were assessed. The image of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the addition of Spirulina extract has made the fiber diameter of alginate layers thinner. Impregnation of Spirulina extract increased their hydrophilicity, moisture absorption ability and skin adhesive ability. In addition, wetting the pre-dried patches resulted in releasing the Spirulina extract within 30 min. The patches were detected to have no cytotoxicity in the human keratinocyte cell-based MTT assay, but rather showed increased cell viability. All the results indicate the bioactive and hydro-adhesive double-layered patches have an excellent applicability to bioproducts for personal skin care in the trend of ‘A mask pack a day’. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alginate" title="alginate">alginate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cosmetic%20patch" title=" cosmetic patch"> cosmetic patch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospun%20nanofiber" title=" electrospun nanofiber"> electrospun nanofiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polycaprolactone" title=" polycaprolactone"> polycaprolactone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spirulina%20extract" title=" Spirulina extract"> Spirulina extract</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75884/electrospun-alginate-nanofibers-containing-spirulina-extract-double-layered-with-polycaprolactone-nanofibers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75884.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2327</span> Analysis of Rectangular Concrete-Filled Double Skin Tubular Short Columns with External Stainless Steel Tubes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omnia%20F.%20Kharoob">Omnia F. Kharoob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nashwa%20M.%20Yossef"> Nashwa M. Yossef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) columns could be utilized in structures such as bridges, high-rise buildings, viaducts, and electricity transmission towers due to its great structural performance. Alternatively, lean duplex stainless steel has recently gained significant interest for its high structural performance, similar corrosion resistance and lower cost compared to the austenitic steel grade. Hence, this paper presents the nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis, behaviour and design of rectangular outer lean duplex stainless steel (EN 1.4162) CFDST short columns under compression. All classes of the outer rectangular hollow section according to the depth-to-thickness (D/t) ratios were considered. The results showed that the axial ultimate strength of rectangular CFDST short columns increased linearly by increasing the concrete compressive strength, while it does not influence when changing the hollow ratios. Finally, the axial capacities were compared with the available design methods, and recommendations were conducted for the design strength of this type of column. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete-filled%20double%20skin%20columns" title="concrete-filled double skin columns">concrete-filled double skin columns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20duplex%20stainless%20steel" title=" lean duplex stainless steel"> lean duplex stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultimate%20axial%20strength" title=" ultimate axial strength"> ultimate axial strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short%20columns" title=" short columns"> short columns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78794/analysis-of-rectangular-concrete-filled-double-skin-tubular-short-columns-with-external-stainless-steel-tubes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2326</span> Natural Ventilation for the Sustainable Tall Office Buildings of the Future</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ay%C5%9Fin%20Sev">Ayşin Sev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%B6rkem%20Aslan"> Görkem Aslan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sustainable tall buildings that provide comfortable, healthy and efficient indoor environments are clearly desirable as the densification of living and working space for the world’s increasing population proceeds. For environmental concerns, these buildings must also be energy efficient. One component of these tasks is the provision of indoor air quality and thermal comfort, which can be enhanced with natural ventilation by the supply of fresh air. Working spaces can only be naturally ventilated with connections to the outdoors utilizing operable windows, double facades, ventilation stacks, balconies, patios, terraces and skygardens. Large amounts of fresh air can be provided to the indoor spaces without mechanical air-conditioning systems, which are widely employed in contemporary tall buildings. This paper tends to present the concept of natural ventilation for sustainable tall office buildings in order to achieve healthy and comfortable working spaces, as well as energy efficient environments. Initially the historical evolution of ventilation strategies for tall buildings is presented, beginning with natural ventilation and continuing with the introduction of mechanical air-conditioning systems. Then the emergence of natural ventilation due to the health and environmental concerns in tall buildings is handled, and the strategies for implementing this strategy are revealed. In the next section, a number of case studies that utilize this strategy are investigated. Finally, how tall office buildings can benefit from this strategy is discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tall%20office%20building" title="tall office building">tall office building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double-skin%20fa%C3%A7ade" title=" double-skin façade"> double-skin façade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stack%20ventilation" title=" stack ventilation"> stack ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20conditioning" title=" air conditioning"> air conditioning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12589/natural-ventilation-for-the-sustainable-tall-office-buildings-of-the-future" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">513</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2325</span> Skin Care through Ayurveda</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20L.%20Virupaksha%20Gupta">K. L. Virupaksha Gupta </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ayurveda offers a holistic outlook regarding skin care. Most Initial step in Ayurveda is to identify the skin type and care accordingly which is highly personalized. Though dermatologically there are various skin type classifications such Baumann skin types (based on 4 parameters i) Oily Vs Dry ii) Sensitive Vs Resistant iii) Pigmented Vs Non-Pigmented iv) Wrinkled Vs Tight (Unwrinkled) etc but Skin typing in Ayurveda is mainly determined by the prakriti (constitution) of the individual as well as the status of Doshas (Humors) which are basically of 3 types – i.e Vata Pitta and Kapha,. Difference between them is mainly attributed to the qualities of each dosha (humor). All the above said skin types can be incorporated under these three types. The skin care modalities in each of the constitution vary greatly. Skin of an individual of Vata constitution would be lustreless, having rough texture and cracks due to dryness and thus should be given warm and unctuous therapies and oil massage for lubrication and natural moisturizers for hydration. Skin of an individual of Pitta constitution would look more vascular (pinkish), delicate and sensitive with a fair complexion, unctuous and tendency for wrinkles and greying of hair at an early age and hence should be given cooling and nurturing therapies and should avoid tanning treatments. Skin of an individual of kapha constitution will have oily skin, they are delicate and look beautiful and radiant and hence these individuals would require therapies to mainly combat oily skin. Hence, the skin typing and skin care in Ayurveda is highly rational and scientific. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dermatology" title=" dermatology"> dermatology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dosha" title=" Dosha"> Dosha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20types" title=" skin types"> skin types</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19790/skin-care-through-ayurveda" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2324</span> Green Walls and Living Facades: The Portuguese Experience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreia%20Cortes">Andreia Cortes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carla%20Pimentel-Rodrigues"> Carla Pimentel-Rodrigues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joao%20Almeida"> Joao Almeida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myriam%20Kanoun-Boule"> Myriam Kanoun-Boule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carla%20Carvalho"> Carla Carvalho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Tadeu"> Antonio Tadeu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armando%20Silva-Afonso"> Armando Silva-Afonso</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The adoption of green infrastructure is nowadays encouraged as an essential measure of urban planning and territorial development whenever it offers a better alternative, or is complementary, to current solutions. Green walls and living facades often provide healthy alternatives to traditional grey infrastructures, offering many benefits for both citizens and cities. Beyond the ability to improve environmental conditions and quality of life, they can augment the energy efficiency of buildings, enhance biodiversity and deliver a range of ecosystem services such as water purification, reduction of the urban heat island effect, improvement of air quality and climate change adaptation. For this communication, a systematic survey of the existing green walls and living facades in Portugal was carried out. Different systems were analyzed and compared in terms of dimensions, constructive solutions, vegetative species, maintenance necessities and environmental aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20buildings" title="green buildings">green buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20walls" title=" green walls"> green walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=living%20facades" title=" living facades"> living facades</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability%20construction" title=" sustainability construction"> sustainability construction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63673/green-walls-and-living-facades-the-portuguese-experience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2323</span> Use of Segmentation and Color Adjustment for Skin Tone Classification in Dermatological Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20Duarte">Fernando Duarte</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work aims to evaluate the use of classical image processing methodologies towards skin tone classification in dermatological images. The skin tone is an important attribute when considering several factor for skin cancer diagnosis. Currently, there is a lack of clear methodologies to classify the skin tone based only on the dermatological image. In this work, a recent released dataset with the label for skin tone was used as reference for the evaluation of classical methodologies for segmentation and adjustment of color space for classification of skin tone in dermatological images. It was noticed that even though the classical methodologies can work fine for segmentation and color adjustment, classifying the skin tone without proper control of the aquisition of the sample images ended being very unreliable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmentation" title="segmentation">segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20space" title=" color space"> color space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20tone" title=" skin tone"> skin tone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fitzpatrick" title=" Fitzpatrick"> Fitzpatrick</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188975/use-of-segmentation-and-color-adjustment-for-skin-tone-classification-in-dermatological-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">35</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2322</span> Towards Integrating Statistical Color Features for Human Skin Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Zamri%20Osman">Mohd Zamri Osman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Aizaini%20Maarof"> Mohd Aizaini Maarof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Foad%20Rohani"> Mohd Foad Rohani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human skin detection recognized as the primary step in most of the applications such as face detection, illicit image filtering, hand recognition and video surveillance. The performance of any skin detection applications greatly relies on the two components: feature extraction and classification method. Skin color is the most vital information used for skin detection purpose. However, color feature alone sometimes could not handle images with having same color distribution with skin color. A color feature of pixel-based does not eliminate the skin-like color due to the intensity of skin and skin-like color fall under the same distribution. Hence, the statistical color analysis will be exploited such mean and standard deviation as an additional feature to increase the reliability of skin detector. In this paper, we studied the effectiveness of statistical color feature for human skin detection. Furthermore, the paper analyzed the integrated color and texture using eight classifiers with three color spaces of RGB, YCbCr, and HSV. The experimental results show that the integrating statistical feature using Random Forest classifier achieved a significant performance with an F1-score 0.969. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20space" title="color space">color space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20forest" title=" random forest"> random forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20detection" title=" skin detection"> skin detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20feature" title=" statistical feature"> statistical feature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43485/towards-integrating-statistical-color-features-for-human-skin-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2321</span> Thermal Behavior of a Ventilated Façade Using Perforated Ceramic Bricks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helena%20L%C3%B3pez-Moreno">Helena López-Moreno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antoni%20Rodr%C3%ADguez-S%C3%A1nchez"> Antoni Rodríguez-Sánchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carmen%20Vi%C3%B1as-Arrebola"> Carmen Viñas-Arrebola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cesar%20Porras-Amores"> Cesar Porras-Amores</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ventilated façade has great advantages when compared to traditional façades as it reduces the air conditioning thermal loads due to the stack effect induced by solar radiation in the air chamber. Optimizing energy consumption by using a ventilated façade can be used not only in newly built buildings but also it can be implemented in existing buildings, opening the field of implementation to energy building retrofitting works. In this sense, the following three prototypes of façade where designed, built and further analyzed in this research: non-ventilated façade (NVF); slightly ventilated façade (SLVF) and strongly ventilated façade (STVF). The construction characteristics of the three facades are based on the Spanish regulation of building construction “Technical Building Code”. The façades have been monitored by type-k thermocouples in a representative day of the summer season in Madrid (Spain). Moreover, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures, studying the thermal lag in the ventilated and no-ventilated façades has been designed. Results show that STVF façade presents higher levels of thermal inertia as the thermal lag reduces up to 100% (daily mean) compared to the non-ventilated façade. In addition, the statistical analysis proves that an increase of the ventilation holes size in STVF façades does not improve the thermal lag significantly (p > 0.05) when compared to the SLVF façade. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilated%20fa%C3%A7ade" title="ventilated façade">ventilated façade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20behavior" title=" thermal behavior"> thermal behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20analysis" title=" statistical analysis"> statistical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25054/thermal-behavior-of-a-ventilated-facade-using-perforated-ceramic-bricks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2320</span> Functions and Effects of Green Facades in the Developing Countries: Case Study of Tehran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Jahani">S. Jahani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Choopankareh"> V. Choopankareh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many people lost their life caused by environmental pollution every year. The negative effects of environmental crises appear to be much higher in Asian countries. The most important environmental issue in the developing countries and especially in Tehran, to our best knowledge, is air pollution that has affected many aspects of life in society. Environmental topics related to technology’s development have been salient issues among the main concerns of designers. Green facades are the most considerable solutions which designers and architectures are focused on, all over the world. But there are lots of behavioral and psychological problems about this point. In this line, this excavation has tried to reveal the cultural and psychological influences of green façade in developing countries like Tehran. Green façades in developing countries are so useless, although they are so expensive. As a matter of fact, users consider green facade as a decorative item. This research is an attempt to recognize the reasons which show green façades as worthless element. Also, some solutions are presented to promote green façades in the developing countries as an intrinsic solution. There are so many environmental threats, especially about air pollution, for a city as Tehran, which might be solved by green facades. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title="air pollution">air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20countries" title=" developing countries"> developing countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effects" title=" effects"> effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20facades" title=" green facades"> green facades</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80846/functions-and-effects-of-green-facades-in-the-developing-countries-case-study-of-tehran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80846.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2319</span> Media Façades in the Wild: Some Lessons</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hai-Ning%20Liang">Hai-Ning Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaowei%20Dai"> Xiaowei Dai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nancy%20Diniz"> Nancy Diniz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20Fleming"> Charles Fleming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woon%20Kian%20Chong"> Woon Kian Chong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Media displays in public areas are becoming increasingly pervasive—they are used in many settings, come in different sizes, serve different purposes, and have varied degrees of interactivity. In this paper, we aim to provide a survey of how these displays, often named media façades, are used in the wild in a city in China which is undergoing a rapid growth. This survey is intended to raise greater awareness and discussion about the use and effect of these displays in public areas. Through this survey, we have been able to distill some lessons of what is good, bad, and ugly about some current examples of media displays used in a city that is transitioning into becoming a modern one and one that is located in one of the fastest growing areas in Asia. With this research, we hope that we can provide technology designers and architects with some general principles that can help them integrate these types of technologies into their architectural creations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20displays" title="large displays">large displays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20fa%C3%A7ades" title=" media façades"> media façades</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction%20design" title=" interaction design"> interaction design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architectural%20displays" title=" architectural displays"> architectural displays</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10362/media-facades-in-the-wild-some-lessons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2318</span> Fabrication of Optical Tissue Phantoms Simulating Human Skin and Their Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihoon%20Park">Jihoon Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungkon%20Yu"> Sungkon Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byungjo%20Jung"> Byungjo Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although various optical tissue phantoms (OTPs) simulating human skin have been actively studied, their completeness is unclear because skin tissue has the intricate optical property and complicated structure disturbing the optical simulation. In this study, we designed multilayer OTP mimicking skin structure, and fabricated OTP models simulating skin-blood vessel and skin pigmentation in the skin, which are useful in Biomedical optics filed. The OTPs were characterized with the optical property and the cross-sectional structure, and analyzed by using various optical tools such as a laser speckle imaging system, OCT and a digital microscope to show the practicality. The measured optical property was within 5% error, and the thickness of each layer was uniform within 10% error in micrometer scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20vessel" title="blood vessel">blood vessel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20tissue%20phantom" title=" optical tissue phantom"> optical tissue phantom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20property" title=" optical property"> optical property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20tissue" title=" skin tissue"> skin tissue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pigmentation" title=" pigmentation"> pigmentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68389/fabrication-of-optical-tissue-phantoms-simulating-human-skin-and-their-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2317</span> Classification of Red, Green and Blue Values from Face Images Using k-NN Classifier to Predict the Skin or Non-Skin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kemal%20Polat">Kemal Polat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, it has been estimated whether there is skin by using RBG values obtained from the camera and k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classifier. The dataset used in this study has an unbalanced distribution and a linearly non-separable structure. This problem can also be called a big data problem. The Skin dataset was taken from UCI machine learning repository. As the classifier, we have used the k-NN method to handle this big data problem. For k value of k-NN classifier, we have used as 1. To train and test the k-NN classifier, 50-50% training-testing partition has been used. As the performance metrics, TP rate, FP Rate, Precision, recall, f-measure and AUC values have been used to evaluate the performance of k-NN classifier. These obtained results are as follows: 0.999, 0.001, 0.999, 0.999, 0.999, and 1,00. As can be seen from the obtained results, this proposed method could be used to predict whether the image is skin or not. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-NN%20classifier" title="k-NN classifier">k-NN classifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20or%20non-skin%20classification" title=" skin or non-skin classification"> skin or non-skin classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RGB%20values" title=" RGB values"> RGB values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86538/classification-of-red-green-and-blue-values-from-face-images-using-k-nn-classifier-to-predict-the-skin-or-non-skin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2316</span> UML Model for Double-Loop Control Self-Adaptive Braking System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heung%20Sun%20Yoon">Heung Sun Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Tae%20Kim"> Jong Tae Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present an activity diagram model for double-loop control self-adaptive braking system. Since activity diagram helps to improve visibility of self-adaption, we can easily find where improvement is needed on double-loop control. Double-loop control is adopted since the design conditions and actual conditions can be different. The system is reconfigured in runtime by using double-loop control. We simulated to verify and validate our model by using MATLAB. We compared single-loop control model with double-loop control model. Simulation results show that double-loop control provides more consistent brake power control than single-loop control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activity%20diagram" title="activity diagram">activity diagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automotive" title=" automotive"> automotive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=braking%20system" title=" braking system"> braking system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double-loop" title=" double-loop"> double-loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-adaptive" title=" self-adaptive"> self-adaptive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UML" title=" UML"> UML</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle" title=" vehicle"> vehicle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5691/uml-model-for-double-loop-control-self-adaptive-braking-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20skin%20facades&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20skin%20facades&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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