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<li id="toc-Mission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Mission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disestablishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disestablishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Disestablishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disestablishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_commanders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Joint Forces Command</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Joint_Forces_Command" title="United States Joint Forces Command – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="United States Joint Forces Command" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Joint_Forces_Command" title="United States Joint Forces Command – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="United States Joint Forces Command" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%ED%95%A9%EB%8F%99%EC%A0%84%EB%A0%A5%EC%82%AC%EB%A0%B9%EB%B6%80" title="미국 합동전력사령부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 합동전력사령부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%84%D5%86_%D4%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE_%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="ԱՄՆ Զինված ուժերի միջտեսակային հրամանատարություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ԱՄՆ Զինված ուժերի միջտեսակային հրամանատարություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progetto_Alpha_(robotica)" title="Progetto Alpha (robotica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Progetto Alpha (robotica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E7%B5%B1%E5%90%88%E6%88%A6%E5%8A%9B%E8%BB%8D" title="アメリカ統合戦力軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ統合戦力軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Joint_Forces_Command" title="U.S. Joint Forces Command – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="U.S. Joint Forces Command" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Межвидовое командование Вооружённых сил США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Межвидовое командование Вооружённых сил США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poveljstvo_zdru%C5%BEenih_sil_Zdru%C5%BEenih_dr%C5%BEav_Amerike" title="Poveljstvo združenih sil Združenih držav Amerike – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Poveljstvo združenih sil Združenih držav Amerike" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Joint_Forces_Command" title="United States Joint Forces Command – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="United States Joint Forces Command" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Міжвидове Командування Збройних сил США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міжвидове Командування Збройних сил США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Joint_Forces_Command&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Joint Forces Command">U.S. Joint Forces Command</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former U.S. Unified Combatant Command (1999–2011)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">United States Joint Forces Command (USJFCOM)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USJFCOM_SEAL.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/USJFCOM_SEAL.gif/200px-USJFCOM_SEAL.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/USJFCOM_SEAL.gif/300px-USJFCOM_SEAL.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/USJFCOM_SEAL.gif/400px-USJFCOM_SEAL.gif 2x" data-file-width="2161" data-file-height="2716" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Emblem" title="Emblem">Emblem</a> of the United States Joint Forces Command</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1999–2011</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unified_Combatant_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified Combatant Command">Unified Combatant Command</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">At its height, 1.16 million active and reserve soldiers, sailors, airmen and Marines</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Combatant Commander</th><td class="infobox-data">Disestablished</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Shoulder sleeve insignia (U.S. Army only)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USJFCOM-USAE-SSI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/USJFCOM-USAE-SSI.jpg/80px-USJFCOM-USAE-SSI.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/USJFCOM-USAE-SSI.jpg/120px-USJFCOM-USAE-SSI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/USJFCOM-USAE-SSI.jpg/160px-USJFCOM-USAE-SSI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1227" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Distinctive unit insignia (U.S. Army only)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USJFCOM-USAE-DUI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/USJFCOM-USAE-DUI.jpg/80px-USJFCOM-USAE-DUI.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/USJFCOM-USAE-DUI.jpg/120px-USJFCOM-USAE-DUI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/USJFCOM-USAE-DUI.jpg/160px-USJFCOM-USAE-DUI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1902" data-file-height="2014" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>United States Joint Forces Command</b> (<b>USJFCOM</b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Unified_Combatant_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified Combatant Command">Unified Combatant Command</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>. USJFCOM was a functional command that provided specific services to the military. The last commander was Army Gen. <a href="/wiki/Raymond_T._Odierno" title="Raymond T. Odierno">Ray Odierno</a> and the Command Senior Enlisted was Marine Sergeant Major <a href="/wiki/Bryan_B._Battaglia" title="Bryan B. Battaglia">Bryan B. Battaglia</a>. As directed by the President to identify opportunities to cut costs and rebalance priorities, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Defense Secretary Robert Gates</a> recommended that USJFCOM be disestablished and its essential functions reassigned to other unified combatant commands. Formal disestablishment occurred on 4 August 2011. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Joint_Forces_Command&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>USJFCOM was formed in 1999 when the old <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atlantic_Command" title="United States Atlantic Command">United States Atlantic Command</a> was renamed and given a new mission: leading the transformation of the Department of Defense through experimentation and education. USLANTCOM had been active from 1947 to 1993 as a primarily U.S. Navy command, focused upon the wartime defence of the Atlantic sea lanes against <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> attack. After the end of the Cold War, a 1993 reorganization gave the Command a new acronym, USACOM, and brought <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Forces_Command" title="United States Army Forces Command">United States Army Forces Command</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_Combat_Command" title="Air Combat Command">Air Combat Command</a> under its authority.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late 2004, U.S. Joint Forces Command assumed the role of primary conventional force provider in the Department of Defense. This landmark change assigned nearly all U.S. conventional forces to Joint Forces Command. Requirements, for example, for U.S. service personnel to support the transformation of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Liberia" title="Armed Forces of Liberia">Armed Forces of Liberia</a>, were fed to JFCOM, in this case via <a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">Africa Command</a>, and JFCOM liaised with the service staffs to obtain available forces. Along with this responsibility came the task to develop a new 'risk-assessment' process that provided national leaders a worldwide perspective on force-sourcing solutions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Its operations and exercises included <a href="/wiki/Noble_Resolve" title="Noble Resolve">Noble Resolve</a>, an experimentation campaign plan to enhance homeland defense and improve military support to civil authorities in advance of and following natural and man-made disasters<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Empire Challenge, an annual intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) interoperability demonstration.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mission">Mission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Joint_Forces_Command&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>United States Joint Forces Command was the only combatant command focused on the transformation of U.S. military capabilities. The commander of USJFCOM oversaw the command's four primary roles in transformation – joint concept development and experimentation, joint training, joint interoperability and integration, and the primary conventional force provider as outlined in the <a href="/wiki/Unified_Command_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified Command Plan">Unified Command Plan</a> approved by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a>. Its Unified Command Plan designated USJFCOM as the "transformation laboratory" of the United States military to enhance the <a href="/wiki/Combatant_commander" class="mw-redirect" title="Combatant commander">combatant commanders</a>' capabilities to implement the president's strategy. USJFCOM developed joint operational concepts, tested those concepts through rigorous experimentation, educated joint leaders, trained joint <a href="/wiki/Task_force" title="Task force">task force</a> commanders and staffs, and recommended joint solutions to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Marines">Marines</a> to better integrate their warfighting capabilities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organization">Organization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Joint_Forces_Command&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>USJFCOM included members from each branch of the U.S. military, civil servants, contract employees, and consultants. It had four component commands, a sub-unified command (Special Operations component is <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070222225144/http://www.jfcom.mil/about/com_socjfcom.htm">SOCJFCOM</a>) and eight subordinate activities, including: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070209092641/http://www.jfcom.mil/about/abt_j7.htm">Joint Warfighting Center</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070214000355/http://www.jfcom.mil/about/com_jsic.htm">Joint Systems Integration Center</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070222152418/http://www.jfcom.mil/about/fact_jtci.htm">Joint Transformation Command for Intelligence</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Joint_Warfare_Analysis_Center" title="Joint Warfare Analysis Center">Joint Warfare Analysis Center</a> (JWAC). JFCOM's Service components were the <a href="/wiki/CONUS" class="mw-redirect" title="CONUS">CONUS</a> based commands that provided forces to other combatant commands: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Forces_Command" title="United States Army Forces Command">United States Army Forces Command</a> (FORSCOM), <a href="/wiki/United_States_Fleet_Forces_Command" title="United States Fleet Forces Command">United States Fleet Forces Command</a> (USFLTFORCOM), <a href="/wiki/Air_Combat_Command" title="Air Combat Command">Air Combat Command</a> (ACC), and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Forces_Command" title="United States Marine Corps Forces Command">United States Marine Corps Forces Command</a> (MARFORCOM). </p><p>USJFCOM Joint Concept Development and Experimentation (JCD&E) (J9) aimed to develop innovative joint concepts and capabilities providing experimentally proven solutions to the most pressing problems facing the joint force. It aimed to rapidly deliver operationally relevant solutions to support current operations and drive DOTMLPF and policy changes to better enable the future joint force. JCD&E aimed to provide thought leadership and collaborative environments to generate innovative ideas with a range of interagency, multinational, academic and private sector partners. </p><p>The C2 (Command and Control) Core was a DoD project sponsored by Joint Forces Command and the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense/Network and Information Integration (OASD/NII) to develop an open standard-supporting, extensible markup language (XML)-based command and control (C2) data exchange. It represents the first major implementation of the Universal Core v2.0, a federal information sharing initiative. It supports the DoD Net Centric Data Strategy by enabling data to be visible, accessible, understandable, trustworthy and interoperable. The overarching goal of this project is to support national and coalition warfighters by improving joint interoperability at the data and information layer. </p><p>Accomplishing these strategic goals within the C2 community involves publishing and evolving agreed-upon standards that exchange partners (services and, down the line, combatant commands and agencies) can use to share data more broadly, efficiently and effectively. The C2 Core standards also link C2 design guidance emerging at both the DoD enterprise level and within multiple C2-related communities of interest and programs of record to support the broadest range of interoperability requirements possible. </p><p>Among the command's many directorates and departments was Project Alpha, a JFCOM rapid idea analysis group created to "identify high-impact ideas from industry, <a href="/wiki/Academia" class="mw-redirect" title="Academia">academia</a> and the defense community that could transform the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a> into an organization better equipped to deal with the uncertain landscape of the future."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Project Alpha was discontinued as part of an internal reorganization of U.S. Joint Forces Command's Joint Experimentation Directorate.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As of 1 August 2011, the Joint Warfighting Center (J7), Joint Center for Operational Analysis, and the Joint Concept Development and Experimentation directorate (J9) merged and transitioned from Joint Forces Command to the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Staff">Joint Staff</a> J7 as part of USJFCOM's disestablishment.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new organization created by this merger will remain in Suffolk, Va., and be known as the deputy director J7 for joint and coalition warfighting, a subordinate element of the Joint Staff J7. "We will continue our mission to provide comprehensive training that meets demands of the joint warfighter who continue to engage our adversaries in an ever-changing operational environment," said Army Maj. Gen. Frederick S. Rudesheim, deputy director for joint and coalition warfighting. "Key functions and missions will be linked together in a more efficient and effective manner, providing an integrated approach to joint development and joint training." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disestablishment">Disestablishment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Joint_Forces_Command&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Disestablishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>US Joint Forces command was in charge of the theater surrounding Washington, DC and New York during the 9/11 attacks. During a cost cutting session, General Mattis, then in command of JFCOM suggested to disband because in his interviews with his own staff it was clear to him that most did not see added value.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 August 2010 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a> announced that Joint Forces Command has been slated for elimination as a budget-saving measure.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General <a href="/wiki/Ray_Odierno" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray Odierno">Ray Odierno</a> was given the task of winding down JFCOM.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 January 2011, the plan was officially approved in a memorandum by President Obama.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 August 2011, Joint Forces Command cased its flag colors<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and officially disestablished on 31 August 2011. </p><p>Special Operations Command Joint Forces Command (SOCJFCOM) was transferred to U.S. Special Operations Command after the disestablishment of JFCOM, but was then disestablished in 2013. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Former_commanders">Former commanders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Joint_Forces_Command&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Former commanders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until 24 October 2002, all combatant commanders held the title of "<a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-in-Chief">Commander-in-Chief</a>", including the commander in chief of Joint Forces Command (USCINCJFCOM). However, an order dispatched by <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a> renamed all CINCs in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_military" class="mw-redirect" title="United States military">United States military</a> as "Commanders" with the use of "CINC" as an acronym for anyone other than the President being strictly forbidden.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the dual-hatted title of <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Atlantic" title="Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic">Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic</a> carried over to JFCOM from <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atlantic_Command" title="United States Atlantic Command">U.S. Atlantic Command</a> and remained until October 2003 when it was superseded by the title of <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Transformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Allied Commander Transformation">Supreme Allied Commander Transformation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th colspan="2">Commander </th> <th colspan="3">Term </th> <th rowspan="2">Service branch </th></tr> <tr> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Duration </th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">1</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Admiral_Harold_W._Gehman,_Jr..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Harold W. Gehman Jr."><img alt="Harold W. Gehman Jr." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Admiral_Harold_W._Gehman%2C_Jr..jpg/100px-Admiral_Harold_W._Gehman%2C_Jr..jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Admiral_Harold_W._Gehman%2C_Jr..jpg/150px-Admiral_Harold_W._Gehman%2C_Jr..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Admiral_Harold_W._Gehman%2C_Jr..jpg 2x" data-file-width="195" data-file-height="242" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Gehman, Harold W. Jr.</span><a href="/wiki/Admiral_(United_States)" title="Admiral (United States)">Admiral</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Harold_W._Gehman_Jr." title="Harold W. Gehman Jr.">Harold W. Gehman Jr.</a></b><br /><small>(born 1942)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">September 29, 1999</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">September 5, 2000</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7002342000000000000♠"></span>342 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Emblem_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg/75px-Emblem_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Emblem_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg/113px-Emblem_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Emblem_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">2</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_F_Kernan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="William F. Kernan"><img alt="William F. Kernan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/William_F_Kernan.jpg/100px-William_F_Kernan.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/William_F_Kernan.jpg/150px-William_F_Kernan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/William_F_Kernan.jpg/200px-William_F_Kernan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2522" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Kernan, William F.</span><a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">General</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/William_F._Kernan" title="William F. Kernan">William F. Kernan</a></b><br /><small>(born 1946)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">September 5, 2000</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">October 2, 2002</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7002757000000000000♠"></span>2 years, 27 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/75px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/113px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/150px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">3</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_050422-N-0000X-001_Official_U.S._Navy_file_photo_of_Adm._Edmund_P._Giambastiani,_Jr.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Edmund P. Giambastiani Jr."><img alt="Edmund P. Giambastiani Jr." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/US_Navy_050422-N-0000X-001_Official_U.S._Navy_file_photo_of_Adm._Edmund_P._Giambastiani%2C_Jr.jpg/100px-US_Navy_050422-N-0000X-001_Official_U.S._Navy_file_photo_of_Adm._Edmund_P._Giambastiani%2C_Jr.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/US_Navy_050422-N-0000X-001_Official_U.S._Navy_file_photo_of_Adm._Edmund_P._Giambastiani%2C_Jr.jpg/150px-US_Navy_050422-N-0000X-001_Official_U.S._Navy_file_photo_of_Adm._Edmund_P._Giambastiani%2C_Jr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/US_Navy_050422-N-0000X-001_Official_U.S._Navy_file_photo_of_Adm._Edmund_P._Giambastiani%2C_Jr.jpg/200px-US_Navy_050422-N-0000X-001_Official_U.S._Navy_file_photo_of_Adm._Edmund_P._Giambastiani%2C_Jr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1573" data-file-height="1959" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Giambastiani, Edmund P. Jr.</span>Admiral<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Edmund_P._Giambastiani_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund P. Giambastiani Jr.">Edmund P. Giambastiani Jr.</a></b><br /><small>(born 1948)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">October 2, 2002</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">August 1, 2005</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7003103400000000000♠"></span>2 years, 303 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Emblem_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg/75px-Emblem_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Emblem_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg/113px-Emblem_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Emblem_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">-</td><td style="; background: #E6E6AA"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lt._Gen._Robert_W._Wagner_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert W. Wagner"><img alt="Robert W. Wagner" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lt._Gen._Robert_W._Wagner_%281%29.jpg/100px-Lt._Gen._Robert_W._Wagner_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lt._Gen._Robert_W._Wagner_%281%29.jpg/150px-Lt._Gen._Robert_W._Wagner_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lt._Gen._Robert_W._Wagner_%281%29.jpg/200px-Lt._Gen._Robert_W._Wagner_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="937" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Wagner, Robert W.</span>Lieutenant General<br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Wagner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert W. Wagner (page does not exist)">Robert W. Wagner</a></b><br /><small><i>Acting</i></small></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">August 1, 2005</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">November 10, 2005</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span data-sort-value="7002101000000000000♠"></span>101 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/75px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/113px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/150px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">4</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lance_L_Smith.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lance L. Smith"><img alt="Lance L. Smith" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Lance_L_Smith.jpg/100px-Lance_L_Smith.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Lance_L_Smith.jpg/150px-Lance_L_Smith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Lance_L_Smith.jpg/200px-Lance_L_Smith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Smith, Lance L.</span>General<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Lance_L._Smith" title="Lance L. Smith">Lance L. Smith</a></b><br /><small>(born 1946)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">November 10, 2005</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">November 9, 2007</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7002729000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 364 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/75px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/113px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/150px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">5</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_N._Mattis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jim Mattis"><img alt="Jim Mattis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/James_N._Mattis.jpg/100px-James_N._Mattis.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/James_N._Mattis.jpg/150px-James_N._Mattis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/James_N._Mattis.jpg/200px-James_N._Mattis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Mattis, Jim</span>General<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Jim_Mattis" title="Jim Mattis">Jim Mattis</a></b><br /><small>(born 1950)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">November 9, 2007</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">September 2010</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">~<span data-sort-value="7003175600000000000♠"></span>4 years, 295 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Emblem_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg/75px-Emblem_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Emblem_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg/113px-Emblem_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Emblem_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">U.S. Marine Corps</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">-</td><td style="; background: #E6E6AA"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lt._Gen._Keith_M._Huber.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Keith M. Huber"><img alt="Keith M. Huber" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lt._Gen._Keith_M._Huber.jpg/100px-Lt._Gen._Keith_M._Huber.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lt._Gen._Keith_M._Huber.jpg/150px-Lt._Gen._Keith_M._Huber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lt._Gen._Keith_M._Huber.jpg/200px-Lt._Gen._Keith_M._Huber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="642" data-file-height="827" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Huber, Keith M.</span>Lieutenant General<br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keith_M._Huber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keith M. Huber (page does not exist)">Keith M. Huber</a></b><br /><small><i>Acting</i></small></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">September 2010</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">October 29, 2010</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">~<span data-sort-value="7001580000000000000♠"></span>58 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/75px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/113px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/150px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">6</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Odierno_Class_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Raymond T. Odierno"><img alt="Raymond T. Odierno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Odierno_Class_A.jpg/100px-Odierno_Class_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Odierno_Class_A.jpg/150px-Odierno_Class_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Odierno_Class_A.jpg/200px-Odierno_Class_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Odierno, Raymond T.</span>General<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Raymond_T._Odierno" title="Raymond T. Odierno">Raymond T. Odierno</a></b><br /><small>(1954–2021)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">October 29, 2010</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">August 31, 2011</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7002306000000000000♠"></span>306 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/75px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/113px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/150px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Joint_Forces_Command&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_pnav/is_199310/ai_996382191">Find Article: <i>U.S. Atlantic Command, Now USACOM, Assumes New Role</i></a> US Navy Press Releases <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080217071437/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_pnav/is_199310/ai_996382191">Archived</a> 17 February 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jfcom.mil/about/experiments/nobleresolve.html">USJFCOM information on Noble Resolve</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080417041620/http://www.jfcom.mil/about/experiments/nobleresolve.html">Archived</a> 17 April 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jfcom.mil/about/fact_ec09.html">Empire Challenge 09</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725001740/http://www.jfcom.mil/about/fact_ec09.html">Archived</a> 25 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021022172516/http://www.jfcom.mil/about/fact_alpha.htm">Archived copy of the Project Alpha article on the USJFC website, since removed from public view</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jfcom.mil/newslink/storyarchive/2011/pa080111a.html">J7 transitions to Joint Staff</a>, accessed June 2012 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120129091624/http://www.jfcom.mil/newslink/storyarchive/2011/pa080111a.html">Archived</a> 29 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMattisFrancis_J._West2019" class="citation book cs1">Mattis, James N.; Francis J. West (2019). <i>Call sign chaos: learning to lead</i> (First ed.). New York. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-9683-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-9683-8"><bdi>978-0-8129-9683-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1112672474">1112672474</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Call+sign+chaos%3A+learning+to+lead&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1112672474&rft.isbn=978-0-8129-9683-8&rft.aulast=Mattis&rft.aufirst=James+N.&rft.au=Francis+J.+West&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Joint+Forces+Command" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100809/ap_on_bi_ge/us_pentagon_budget_cuts">Find Article: <i>Officials: Belt-tightening will cut major command</i></a> Associated Press report <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTilghman2010" class="citation web cs1">Tilghman, Andrew (9 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110315193240/http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2010/08/military_gates_cuts_080910w/">"Gates to kill JFCOM, cut general officer billets"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Times" title="Marine Corps Times">Marine Corps Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2010/08/military_gates_cuts_080910w/">the original</a> on 15 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Marine+Corps+Times&rft.atitle=Gates+to+kill+JFCOM%2C+cut+general+officer+billets&rft.date=2010-08-09&rft.aulast=Tilghman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinecorpstimes.com%2Fnews%2F2010%2F08%2Fmilitary_gates_cuts_080910w%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Joint+Forces+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acus.org/natosource/secretary-defense-close-joint-forces-command">Find Article: <i>Gates to shut down USJFCOM in 2011</i></a> US Defense Secretary Press Release <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130509231017/http://www.acus.org/natosource/secretary-defense-close-joint-forces-command">Archived</a> 9 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFObama2011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama, Barack</a> (6 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/01/06/presidential-memorandum-disestablishment-united-states-joint-forces-comm">"Presidential Memorandum – Disestablishment of United States Joint Forces Command"</a>. White House Press Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presidential+Memorandum+%E2%80%93+Disestablishment+of+United+States+Joint+Forces+Command&rft.pub=White+House+Press+Office&rft.date=2011-01-06&rft.aulast=Obama&rft.aufirst=Barack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobamawhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fthe-press-office%2F2011%2F01%2F06%2Fpresidential-memorandum-disestablishment-united-states-joint-forces-comm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Joint+Forces+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaramone2011" class="citation web cs1">Garamone, Jim (4 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120124182329/http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=64927">"Joint Forces Command Cases Its Colors"</a>. American Forces Press Service via Defense.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=64927">the original</a> on 24 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joint+Forces+Command+Cases+Its+Colors&rft.pub=American+Forces+Press+Service+via+Defense.gov&rft.date=2011-08-04&rft.aulast=Garamone&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gov%2Fnews%2Fnewsarticle.aspx%3Fid%3D64927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Joint+Forces+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=42568">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'CINC' Is Sunk"</a>. U.S. Department of Defense. American Forces Press Service. 25 October 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2011</span>. <q>The term 'CINC' is sunk. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld put out a memo Oct. 24 to DoD leaders saying there is only one commander in chief in America — the president.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27CINC%27+Is+Sunk&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Defense&rft.date=2002-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gov%2Fnews%2Fnewsarticle.aspx%3Fid%3D42568&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Joint+Forces+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.act.nato.int/list-of-supreme-allied-commanders-atlantic">"List of Supreme Allied Commanders Atlantic :: NATO's ACT"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Supreme+Allied+Commanders+Atlantic+%3A%3A+NATO%27s+ACT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.act.nato.int%2Flist-of-supreme-allied-commanders-atlantic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Joint+Forces+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Joint_Forces_Command&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010202023400/http://www.jfcom.mil/">USJFCOM official site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smallwarsjournal.com/blog/us-joint-forces-command-formally-disestablished">Small Wars Journal stitch-together of news articles covering JFCOM deactivation</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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the United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unified_combatant_commands_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unified combatant commands of the United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unified_combatant_commands_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Defense" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unified_combatant_command" title="Unified combatant command">Unified combatant commands</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Geographic combatant commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">Africa Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">Central Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_European_Command" title="United States European Command">European Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Northern_Command" title="United States Northern Command">Northern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Indo-Pacific_Command" title="United States Indo-Pacific Command">Indo-Pacific Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Southern_Command" title="United States Southern Command">Southern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Command" title="United States Space Command">Space Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Functional combatant commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Cyber_Command" title="United States Cyber Command">Cyber Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Special Operations Command">Special Operations Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Command" title="United States Strategic Command">Strategic Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Transportation_Command" title="United States Transportation Command">Transportation Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Inactivated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Atlantic_Command" title="United States Atlantic Command">Atlantic Command</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joint Forces Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Strike_Command" title="United States Strike Command">Strike Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Armed_Forces" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Template:United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Template talk:United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Armed_Forces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <dl><dt>Legend</dt> <dd>A = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a></dd> <dd>MC = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></dd> <dd>N = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a></dd> <dd>AF = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a></dd> <dd>SF = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Space Force</a></dd> <dd>CG = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Defense">Deputy Secretary of Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security">Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Vice Chairman</a></li></ul></li> <li>Committees on Armed Services <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_duty_United_States_four-star_officers" title="List of active duty United States four-star officers">Active duty four-star officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_duty_United_States_three-star_officers" title="List of active duty United States three-star officers">Active duty three-star officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_seniority" title="United States military seniority">United States military seniority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Act_of_1947" title="National Security Act of 1947">National Security Act of 1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldwater%E2%80%93Nichols_Act" title="Goldwater–Nichols Act">Goldwater–Nichols Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_components_of_the_U.S._Department_of_Defense" title="List of components of the U.S. Department of Defense">Components</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="United States Department of the Army">Department of the Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army" title="United States Secretary of the Army">Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">Department of the Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Department of the Air Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Secretary of the Air Force">Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Service branches and heads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the United States Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Commandant of the United States Marine Corps">Commandant of the Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Naval_Operations" title="Chief of Naval Operations">Chief of Naval Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Space_Operations" title="Chief of Space Operations">Chief of Space Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_Coast_Guard" title="Commandant of the Coast Guard">Commandant of the Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Reserve_components_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces">Reserve components</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Reserves: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve" title="United States Army Reserve">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Reserve" title="United States Marine Corps Reserve">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Reserve" title="United States Navy Reserve">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command" title="Air Force Reserve Command">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Reserve" title="United States Coast Guard Reserve">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(United_States)" title="National Guard (United States)">National Guard</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_National_Guard" title="Army National Guard">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_National_Guard" title="Air National Guard">AF</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Auxiliaries" title="Auxiliaries">Civilian auxiliaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Auxiliary_Radio_System" title="Military Auxiliary Radio System">Military Auxiliary Radio System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Cyber_Auxiliary" title="Marine Corps Cyber Auxiliary">Marine Corps Cyber Auxiliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine" title="United States Merchant Marine">Merchant Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Air_Patrol" title="Civil Air Patrol">Civil Air Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Auxiliary" title="United States Coast Guard Auxiliary">Coast Guard Auxiliary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unified_combatant_command" title="Unified combatant command">Unified combatant command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_European_Command" title="United States European Command">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Indo-Pacific_Command" title="United States Indo-Pacific Command">Indo-Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Northern_Command" title="United States Northern Command">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Southern_Command" title="United States Southern Command">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Command" title="United States Space Command">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Cyber_Command" title="United States Cyber Command">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Special Operations Command">Special Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Command" title="United States Strategic Command">Strategic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Transportation_Command" title="United States Transportation Command">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Title_10_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 10 of the United States Code">Title 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_14_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 14 of the United States Code">Title 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_32_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 32 of the United States Code">Title 32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_50_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 50 of the United States Code">Title 50</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_bases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States military bases">Installations</a></li> <li>Units: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Category:Military units and formations of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Organization of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Category:Military units and formations of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Category:Military units and formations of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Units_and_formations_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Category:Units and formations of the United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Organization of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_logistics_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Military logistics of the United States">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_of_the_military_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Mass media of the military of the United States">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Armed_Forces_unit_mottoes" title="List of United States Armed Forces unit mottoes">Unit mottoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Operations<br />and <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_budget_of_the_United_States" title="Military budget of the United States">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_deployments" title="United States military deployments">Current deployments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_the_United_States" title="List of conflicts in the United States">Conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_United_States" title="List of wars involving the United States">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_civil_affairs_in_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="History of civil affairs in the United States Armed Forces">Civil affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Army" title="History of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="History of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="History of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="History of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="History of the United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="History of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_military_operations" title="Timeline of United States military operations">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_American_military_history" title="Colonial American military history">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">By ancestry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans" title="Military history of African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Asian_Americans" title="Military history of Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhists_in_the_United_States_military" title="Buddhists in the United States military">Buddhist Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Jewish_Americans" title="Military history of Jewish Americans">Jewish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslims_in_the_United_States_military" title="Muslims in the United States military">Muslim Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhs_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sikhs in the United States military">Sikh Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Hispanic_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of Hispanic Americans">Hispanic Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Hispanics in the American Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Hispanics in the United States Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Hispanics in the United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Hispanics in the United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Navy" title="Hispanics in the United States Navy">Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Naval_Academy" title="Hispanics in the United States Naval Academy">Academy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History centers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">Army Center of Military History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_History_Division" title="United States Marine Corps History Division">Marine Corps History Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_History_and_Heritage_Command" title="Naval History and Heritage Command">Naval History and Heritage Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Historical_Research_Agency" title="Air Force Historical Research Agency">Air Force Historical Research Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/American_official_war_artists" title="American official war artists">War artists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Art_Program" title="United States Army Art Program">Army Art Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Art_Program" title="United States Air Force Art Program">Air Force Art Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_service_academies" title="United States service academies">Service academies</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">A</a><small> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy_Preparatory_School" title="United States Military Academy Preparatory School">prep</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">MC/N</a><small> (<a href="/wiki/Naval_Academy_Preparatory_School" title="Naval Academy Preparatory School">prep</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">AF/SF</a><small> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy_Preparatory_School" title="United States Air Force Academy Preparatory School">prep</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Academy" title="United States Coast Guard Academy">CG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine_Academy" title="United States Merchant Marine Academy">Merchant Marine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Reserve Officers' Training Corps">ROTC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Reserve_Officers_Training_Corps" title="Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps">MC/N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Officer_Training_Corps" title="Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps">AF/SF</a></li></ul></li> <li>Officer candidate/training school: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidate_School_(United_States_Army)" title="Officer Candidate School (United States Army)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidates_School_(United_States_Marine_Corps)" title="Officer Candidates School (United States Marine Corps)">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidate_School_(United_States_Navy)" title="Officer Candidate School (United States Navy)">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Officer_Training_School" title="Air Force Officer Training School">AF/SF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer_(United_States)" title="Warrant officer (United States)">Warrant officer</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer_Candidate_School" title="Warrant Officer Candidate School">A</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Entrance_Processing_Command" title="United States Military Entrance Processing Command">MEPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Services_Vocational_Aptitude_Battery" title="Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery">ASVAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Basic_School" title="The Basic School">The Basic School</a> (MC)</li> <li>Enlisted recruit training: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Basic_Training" title="United States Army Basic Training">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Recruit_Training" title="United States Marine Corps Recruit Training">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recruit_Training_Command,_Great_Lakes,_Illinois" title="Recruit Training Command, Great Lakes, Illinois">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Basic_Military_Training" title="United States Air Force Basic Military Training">AF/SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Training_Center_Cape_May" title="United States Coast Guard Training Center Cape May">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_education_and_training_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Military education and training in the United States">Other education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Uniforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Uniforms of the United States Armed Forces">Uniforms</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Uniforms of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Uniforms of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Uniforms of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Uniforms of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Uniforms of the United States Space Force">SF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Armed Forces">Awards & decorations</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-service_awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_military" title="Inter-service awards and decorations of the United States military">Inter-service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Navy">MC/N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Air Force">AF/SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authorized_foreign_decorations_of_the_United_States_military" title="Authorized foreign decorations of the United States military">Foreign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_military_decoration_authorized_by_the_US_military" class="mw-redirect" title="International military decoration authorized by the US military">International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_award_devices" title="United States military award devices">Devices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_badges_of_the_United_States" title="Military badges of the United States">Badges</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identification_badges_of_the_uniformed_services_of_the_United_States" title="Identification badges of the uniformed services of the United States">Identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Badges of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Badges of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Badges of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Badges of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Badges of the United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Badges of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_comparative_military_ranks" title="List of comparative military ranks">Ranks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Officer: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Army officer rank insignia">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_rank_insignia" title="United States Marine Corps rank insignia">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Navy officer rank insignia">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Air Force officer rank insignia">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force_rank_insignia" title="United States Space Force rank insignia">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Coast Guard officer rank insignia">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer_(United_States)" title="Warrant officer (United States)">Warrant officers</a></li> <li>Enlisted: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_enlisted_rank_insignia" title="United States Army enlisted rank insignia">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_rank_insignia" title="United States Marine Corps rank insignia">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_enlisted_rates" title="List of United States Navy enlisted rates">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_enlisted_rank_insignia" title="United States Air Force enlisted rank insignia">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force_rank_insignia" title="United States Space Force rank insignia">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Coast_Guard_enlisted_ranks" title="List of United States Coast Guard enlisted ranks">CG</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Oath: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces_oath_of_enlistment" title="United States Armed Forces oath of enlistment">Enlistment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Uniformed_Services_Oath_of_Office" title="United States Uniformed Services Oath of Office">Officer</a></li></ul></li> <li>Creeds & Codes: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_the_United_States_Fighting_Force" title="Code of the United States Fighting Force">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noncommissioned_officer%27s_creed" title="Noncommissioned officer's creed">NCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldier%27s_Creed" title="Soldier's Creed">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifleman%27s_Creed" title="Rifleman's Creed">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailor%27s_Creed" title="Sailor's Creed">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airman%27s_Creed" title="Airman's Creed">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guardsman" title="Creed of the United States Coast Guardsman">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Armed_Forces)" title="Service number (United States Armed Forces)">Service numbers</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Army)" title="Service number (United States Army)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Marine_Corps)" title="Service number (United States Marine Corps)">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Navy)" title="Service number (United States Navy)">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Air_Force)" title="Service number (United States Air Force)">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Coast_Guard)" title="Service number (United States Coast Guard)">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_occupation_code" title="United States military occupation code">Military Occupational Specialty</a>/<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_ratings" title="List of United States Navy ratings">Rating</a>/<a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Specialty_Code" title="Air Force Specialty Code">Air Force Specialty Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_pay" title="United States military pay">Pay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice" title="Uniform Code of Military Justice">Uniform Code of Military Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General's Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Health_System" title="Military Health System">Military Health System</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tricare" title="Tricare">Tricare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_(United_States_military)" title="Separation (United States military)">Separation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">Veterans Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiefs_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States" title="Chiefs of Chaplains of the United States">Chiefs of Chaplains</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Chaplains of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Chaplain of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Chief of Chaplains of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Chaplain of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="List of equipment of the United States Armed Forces">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Army" title="List of equipment of the United States Army">A</a> (<a href="/wiki/Army_Nomenclature_System" title="Army Nomenclature System">Designations</a>)</li> <li>MC: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicles_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="List of vehicles of the United States Marine Corps">vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="List of weapons of the United States Marine Corps">weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_individual_equipment" title="List of United States Marine Corps individual equipment">other</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="List of equipment of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of equipment of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="List of equipment of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Land</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_weapons_of_the_U.S._Armed_Forces" title="List of individual weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces">Individual weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crew-served_weapons_of_the_U.S._Armed_Forces" title="List of crew-served weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces">Crew-served weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_land_vehicles_of_the_U.S._Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="List of land vehicles of the U.S. Armed Forces">Vehicles</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_currently_active_United_States_military_land_vehicles" title="List of currently active United States military land vehicles">active</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Sea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_currently_active_United_States_military_watercraft" title="List of currently active United States military watercraft">All watercraft</a></li> <li>Ships: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_United_States_Army" title="List of ships of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_ships" title="List of United States Navy ships">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_ships_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="List of current ships of the United States Navy">active</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_ships_of_the_United_States_Navy#Future_ships" title="List of current ships of the United States Navy">future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of ships of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Coast_Guard_cutters" title="List of United States Coast Guard cutters">CG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Military_Sealift_Command_ships" title="List of Military Sealift Command ships">MSC</a></li></ul></li> <li>Weapons: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_weapons" title="List of United States Navy weapons">N</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_naval_reactors" title="United States naval reactors">Reactors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_military_aircraft_of_the_United_States" title="Lists of military aircraft of the United States">Aircraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_undesignated_military_aircraft_of_the_United_States" title="List of undesignated military aircraft of the United States">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_United_States_military_aircraft" title="List of active United States military aircraft">active</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_future_military_aircraft_of_the_United_States" title="List of future military aircraft of the United States">future</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_aircraft_designation_systems" title="United States military aircraft designation systems">Aircraft designation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._helicopter_armament_subsystems" title="U.S. helicopter armament subsystems">Helicopter arms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Army_during_World_War_II" title="List of equipment of the United States Army during World War II">WWII equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_football" title="Nuclear football">Nuclear football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_electronics_of_the_United_States" title="List of military electronics of the United States">Electronics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joint_Electronics_Type_Designation_System" title="Joint Electronics Type Designation System">designations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Flags of the United States Armed Forces">Flags</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Flag of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Flag of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Flag of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Flag of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Flag of the United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Flag of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensign_of_the_United_States" title="Ensign of the United States">Ensign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_of_the_United_States" title="Jack of the United States">Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidon_(United_States)" title="Guidon (United States)">Guidons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_ration" title="United States military ration">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="United States and weapons of mass destruction">WMDs</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_of_the_United_States" title="Nuclear weapons of the United States">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_biological_weapons_program" title="United States biological weapons program">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._chemical_weapons_topics" title="List of U.S. chemical weapons topics">Chemical</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Military_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Military of the United States">Category</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Army" title="Category:United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Category:United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Navy" title="Category:United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Air_Force" title="Category:United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Space_Force" title="Category:United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Category:United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> Navboxes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Army_navbox" title="Template:US Army navbox">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Marine_Corps_navbox" title="Template:US Marine Corps navbox">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Navy_navbox" title="Template:US Navy navbox">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Air_Force" title="Template:United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Space_Force" title="Template:United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Coast_Guard_navbox" title="Template:US Coast Guard navbox">CG</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2116286#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2116286#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2116286#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000091326903">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/133653199">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n00006488">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007449011605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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