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data-qa="App-renderLayout-PageContainer" class="css-7cwzj1 e1t69p6b3"><div class="css-0 erz0pye0" data-qa="HamburgerMenu-Container"></div><header class="css-t2gjtu endoxya7" style="position:sticky;transform:none;transition:none" data-qa="AppBar-Container"><div data-qa="AppBar-FullWidthBackground" class="css-11nu6fn endoxya8"></div><div class="endoxya4 css-1b1u8s8 e1ywe5j619" data-qa="Header-Container"><div data-qa="Header-HeaderContainer" class="css-mw3fnh e1ywe5j621"></div></div><div id="header-bottom-container" data-qa="AppBar-renderLayout-HeaderBottomContainer" class="css-qi7d0q endoxya5"></div><div data-qa="AppBar-renderLayout-AdSlotContainer" class="css-1ya0qg6 endoxya6"></div></header><div data-qa="App-renderLayout-Content" class="css-o13c8i e1t69p6b0"><div data-qa="App-renderLayout-PageTransition" style="will-change:auto;opacity:1"><!--$--><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"https://www.scmp.com/economy","name":"Economy"},"position":1},{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/global-economy","name":"Global Economy"},"position":2}]}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/global-economy/article/3278731/fed-rate-cut-opening-door-china-likely-ease-economic-issues-grow-analysts","@type":"WebPage"}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":["NewsArticle","ReportageNewsArticle"],"alternativeHeadline":"When will China respond to Fed rate cut as economic problems mount?","articleBody":"An interest-rate cut by the US Federal Reserve could give China room to ease its monetary policy and reduce capital outflow risks for the world’s second-largest economy, according to analysts.\nAnd although an interest rate cut by China may not be imminent, a cut in the reserve requirement ratio (RRR) – the amount of cash that commercial banks must hold as reserves - may be more preferred, they added.\nMarkets widely expect the US central bank to lower its benchmark borrowing rate by at least 25 basis points from its 5.25-5.5 per cent range when its Federal Open Market Committee convenes this week.\nThe People’s Bank of China has been widely seen as refraining from cutting interest rates as the differential with the United States, and the impact of low rates on China’s banks, represent major concerns for the central bank.\nBut with the US Federal Reserve rate cut opening the door, and persistently weak domestic economic activities, calls for more easing, including rate cuts, have grown.\nSunny Liu, lead economist at Oxford Economics, expected further rate cuts by the PBOC over the next two quarters and continued fiscal support to boost demand.\n“August’s data showed further loss of momentum across the board. Growth in consumer spending remained flat amid low confidence while the rate of expansion in infrastructure and manufacturing investments, as traditional demand-side growth drivers, softened further,” Liu said on Monday.\nI think the message is clear. In other words, they may not cut interest rates now\nLi Xunlei, Zhongtai International\nOn Saturday, China confirmed its key retail sales rose by just 2.1 per cent year on year last month, adding to concerns for the world’s second-largest economy.\nZou Lan, head of the PBOC’s monetary policy department, said at the start of September that there is room to cut the RRR that would free up more liquidity at banks.\nBut Zou also expressed concerns over their shrinking net interest margins, a key gauge of profitability, which he said would constrain further cuts in the deposit and lending rates by the central bank.\n“I think the message is clear,” Li Xunlei, chief economist at Zhongtai International, told the Shanghai-based business and financial media outlet Yicai last week.\n“In other words, they may not cut interest rates now.”\nIn July, China’s central bank lowered the rate of the one-year medium-term lending facility by 20 basis points to 2.3 per cent, representing the first reduction of the policy rate in almost a year.\n\n\n\n\nAnother consideration for the PBOC when it comes to a rate cut is the depreciation pressure on the yuan, which has eased since August, gaining 1.9 per cent against the US dollar.\n“Currency stability remains a priority for the PBOC, but the depreciation pressure on the yuan has eased significantly over the past month or so,” said Lynn Song, chief Greater China economist of ING, who expects the PBOC to cut rates at least once by the end of the year.\n“As the scale of PBOC rate cuts are most likely going to be significantly smaller than what we see from the Fed, yield spreads should still move in favour of the yuan.”\nGuan Tao, chief economist with Bank of China International, said the PBOC would take into account the impact of a rate cut on China’s public debt, bond markets and the financial industry.\n“If the US Federal Reserve doesn’t cut rates on a large scale, the yuan’s exchange rate will certainly go both ways,” Guan also told Yicai last week.\n“China’s economy isn’t doing that well, but it isn’t doing that badly. I don’t think people should be too pessimistic about it.\n“But the reality is, the US economy is outperforming, which has strengthened the outlook for the US dollar. So if the US’s economy doesn’t perform as well, China’s economy won’t be seen as weak in comparison.”\n\n\n\n\nThe PBOC has pushed back against rallies in long-dated Chinese treasury bonds that have evolved from verbal warnings to direct intervention.\nChina’s investors have flocked to safe-haven assets as a combination of the nation’s economic malaise, sinking equities and slumping property prices have continued to damage risk appetite.\nBut price pressure continues to be a dampener in China’s economic recovery, with former PBOC governor Yi Gang having called for Beijing to address falling prices at a forum in Shanghai at the start of September.\n“I have said that the size of the 1 trillion yuan special treasury bond programme is too small. I suggested 5 trillion special treasury bond issuance every year for the next 10 years – if we can see that, A shares would certainly go up,” Li at Zhongtai added, referring to domestic shares of mainland Chinese firms denominated and traded in yuan by mainland Chinese residents.\nRory Green, head of Asia research at GlobalData TS Lombard, said a narrower rate differential would help ease pressure on the yuan and fund outflow from China, but Beijing might take into account the political risk from the US presidential election on its economic policies in the coming months.\nClarity on trade and US-China relations will help confidence and Chinese assets\nRory Green, GlobalData TS Lombard\n“We think Beijing is likely holding back stimulus in case [Donald] Trump is elected and China needs to counteract significantly higher tariffs,” Green said.\n“In contrast, [Kamala] Harris is highly likely to follow the [Joe] Biden playbook of tighter tech restrictions, but leave tariffs broadly unchanged.\n“Clarity on trade and US-China relations will help confidence and Chinese assets, and allow Beijing to bring forward the timing of stimulus rather than waiting for Trump tariff announcements.”\nLorraine Tan, director for equity research for Asia at American financial services firm Morningstar, said the stock market would only benefit if there was evidence that demand in China was improving.\nChina’s CSI 300 index, which tracks blue chips listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen, is nearing the lowest levels since January 2019.\n“We also want to see stability in property prices, but we think this may only happen in mid-2025,” Tan said.\n","articleSection":"Global Economy","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Amanda Lee","sameAs":"https://www.scmp.com/author/amanda-lee"},"dateCreated":"2024-09-16T17:15:37+08:00","dateModified":"2024-09-16T23:10:12+08:00","datePublished":"2024-09-16T22:00:09+08:00","description":"US Federal Reserve expected to lower its benchmark borrowing rate, which could give China room to ease.","genre":"Economy","hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","cssSelector":".piano-metering__paywall-container","isAccessibleForFree":"False"},"headline":"With Fed rate cut opening the door, China likely to ease as economic issues grow: analysts","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":2730},"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/09/16/df024728-5523-4249-93e3-b6fdd9806814_5119dd2c.jpg","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":4095}},"inLanguage":"en-GB","isAccessibleForFree":"False","locationCreated":{"@type":"Place","name":"Hong Kong"},"mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/global-economy/article/3278731/fed-rate-cut-opening-door-china-likely-ease-economic-issues-grow-analysts","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":512},"url":"https://assets-v2.i-scmp.com/production/icons/scmp-icon-512x512.png","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":512}},"name":"South China Morning Post"},"publishingPrinciples":"https://www.scmp.com/policies-and-standards"}</script><article class="article-list css-cru7id e1d6iglh0" data-qa="ArticlePage-Article"><div data-qa="ArticleList-Item" class="css-wv6nr3 e1kvrr5t0"><div data-qa="Component-ArticleRenderContainer" class="css-1hiwqge er6t7fe39"><div class="css-tfsthe ea45u6l30" data-qa="GenericArticle-GenericArticleContainer"><div class="ea45u6l5 css-ema9fd e15slk7y0" data-qa="ArticleHeaderAdSlot-CSSTransition"><div data-qa="ArticleHeaderAdSlot-Placeholder" class="css-1j52pf e15slk7y1"><div 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operator="out"></feComposite><feColorMatrix type="matrix" values="0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0"></feColorMatrix><feBlend mode="normal" in2="BackgroundImageFix" result="effect1_dropShadow_971_51319"></feBlend><feBlend mode="normal" in="SourceGraphic" in2="effect1_dropShadow_971_51319" result="shape"></feBlend></filter></defs></svg></figure></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-ContentContainer" class="css-wvfhp ea45u6l28"><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Author" class="css-plhgzi ea45u6l15"><div data-qa="AuthorNames-AuthorNamesContainer" class=" er6t7fe31 css-1fl3ncg eybiz6w3"><a target="_self" class="e163ld431 css-uvyeg2 ecgc78b0" href="/author/amanda-lee" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">Amanda Lee</a></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-PublishDateTime" class="css-mbzp8v ea45u6l14"><div class=" er6t7fe25 css-1qbx4v2 efakuk42" data-qa="Article20Date-Container"><time dateTime="2024-09-16T14:00:09.000Z" data-qa="Article20Date-PublishedDate" class="css-0 efakuk41">Published: <!-- -->10:00pm, 16 Sep 2024</time><time dateTime="2024-09-16T15:10:12.000Z" data-qa="Article20Date-UpdatedDate" class="css-m6ip7c efakuk40">Updated: <!-- -->11:10pm, 16 Sep 2024</time></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Correction" class="css-1ou8zht ea45u6l11"></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Content" class="css-1nbm1qt ea45u6l10"><section class="er6t7fe38 css-19sk4h4 e1pqt1t0" data-qa="ContentBody-ContentBodyContainer"><div class="js-reading-0-percent-completion-tracker css-19icq8a ekyy9du0" data-qa="useTrackViewedPercentageRender-trackViewedPercentageRenders-TrackPercentageBlock"></div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">An interest-rate cut by the US Federal Reserve could give China room to ease its monetary policy and reduce capital outflow risks for the world’s second-largest economy, according to analysts.</p><div data-qa="InlineAdSlot-Container" class=" css-zl1inp e11v3ui14"><div class="e11v3ui10 e11v3ui13 css-y2bwcc e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">And although an interest rate cut by China may not be imminent, a cut in the reserve requirement ratio (RRR) – the amount of cash that commercial banks must hold as reserves - may be more preferred, they added.</p><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">Markets widely expect the US central bank to lower its benchmark borrowing rate by at least 25 basis points from its 5.25-5.5 per cent range when its Federal Open Market Committee convenes this week.</p><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">The People’s Bank of China has been widely seen as refraining from cutting interest rates as the differential with the United States, and the impact of low rates on China’s banks, represent major concerns for the central bank.</p><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">But with the US Federal Reserve rate cut opening the door, and persistently weak domestic economic activities, calls for more easing, including rate cuts, have grown.</p><div data-qa="InlineAdSlot-Container" class=" css-zl1inp e11v3ui14"><div class="e11v3ui10 e11v3ui13 css-gy323d e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">Sunny Liu, lead economist at Oxford Economics, expected further rate cuts by the PBOC over the next two quarters and continued fiscal support to boost demand.</p><div class="js-reading-20-percent-completion-tracker css-19icq8a ekyy9du0" 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\"1020x680\"}) {\n url\n }\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleLinkingDataContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleListArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleDividerArticle\n ...articleFooterArticle\n ...articlePaginationCheckerArticle\n ...articlePaginationNavigationHistoryArticle_3o8td4\n ...articleRecommendationArticle\n ...articlePianoPaywallContent\n ...articleRenderArticle_3o8td4\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent\n ...contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreOnThisListArticle on Article {\n moreOnThisArticles {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n images {\n url\n style(filter: {style: \"237x147\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreOnThisListStyleArticle on Article {\n styleMoreOnThisArticles: moreOnThisArticles {\n ...entityLink\n ...magazinesStyleArticleMoreOnThisContentItemContent\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesArticle on Article {\n moreOnThisArticles {\n entityId\n ...articleMoreStoriesItemArticle\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesItemArticle on Article {\n ...entityLink\n headline\n socialHeadline\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n url\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationCheckerArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationNavigationHistoryArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment articlePianoPaywallContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle on Article {\n printHeadline\n}\n\nfragment articleReadingTimeContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n readingTime\n}\n\nfragment articleRecommendationArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n moreOnThisArticles {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleRelatedTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleRenderArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleActionWidgetArticle\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticleContent\n ...articleAuthorBlockArticle\n ...articleAuthorDetailsContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...articleBeforeYouGoWidget\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleCorrectionsWidgetArticle\n ...articleDateContent\n ...articleFurtherReadingWidgetArticle\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...articleLeadingArticle\n ...articleMoreOnThisListArticle\n ...articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle\n ...articleReadingTimeContent\n ...articleRelatedTopicsContent\n ...articleSectionsContent\n ...articleSeriesArticle\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...articleTopicContent\n ...articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle\n ...articleTopicsContent\n ...articleTopicWidgetArticle\n ...articleVocabBoxArticle\n ...articleGeoLocationWidget\n ...authorAvatarsArticle\n ...authorNamesArticle\n ...contentActionBarContent\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentLiveTagContent\n ...contentReadMoreButtonContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...contentSubHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...genericArticleContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksPostiesArticleArticle_3o8td4\n ...infographicArticleArticle\n ...liveArticleArticle\n ...morningStudioArticleContent\n ...newsletterArticleArticle\n ...pianoIntegrationArticle\n ...plusColumnsArticleContent\n ...plusGenericArticleContent\n ...postMagazineArticleContent\n ...seriesArticleArticle\n ...styleArticleContent\n}\n\nfragment articleSchemaContent_mN6kk on Query {\n article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n authorLocations\n contentLock\n createdDate\n headline\n publishedDate\n socialHeadline\n sponsorType\n updatedDate\n urlAlias\n authors {\n location\n name\n types\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n subHeadline {\n text\n }\n corrections {\n correction {\n text\n }\n timestamp\n }\n images {\n isSlideshow\n height\n width\n url\n }\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n ...liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF\n}\n\nfragment articleSectionsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...hooksArticleSeoArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n entityId\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n summary {\n text\n }\n subHeadline {\n text\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n text\n }\n keywords\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n readingTime\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesArticle on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ...inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle\n ...carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesCarouselContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ... on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT\n}\n\nfragment articleShareWidgetArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSponsorContent on Article {\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n description {\n json\n }\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleTitleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n disableFollow\n entityId\n name\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n ...entityLink\n ...followButtonBase\n name\n disableFollow\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...headerContentBookmarkArticle\n ...headerContentCommentTrigger\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersUseSharingUrl\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle\n ...hooksContentInterestArticle\n ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle\n ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle\n ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n image(filter: {type: AUTHOR_IMAGE}) {\n style(filter: {style: \"300x300\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorBioAuthor on Author {\n bio\n}\n\nfragment authorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...styleAuthorCardAuthor\n ...defaultAuthorCardAuthor\n ...plusAuthorCardAuthor\n}\n\nfragment authorNameAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n name\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment authorNamesArticle on Article {\n authorLocations\n authors {\n entityId\n location\n ...authorNameAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorRoleAuthor on Author {\n role {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorSocialLinksAuthor on Author {\n socialLinks {\n class\n title\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment beforeYouGoActionWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle on Article {\n entityId\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleSeriesCarouselContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentActionBarContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n createdDate\n updatedDate\n publishedDate\n readingTime\n ...articleCommentArticle\n ...helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle\n ...helpersGetContentTypeNameContent\n ... on Article {\n hasVideoContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentBodyContent_3o8td4 on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_4isNar on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n landscape250x99: style(filter: {style: \"landscape_250_99\"}) {\n url\n }\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size80x80: style(filter: {style: \"80x80\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverVideoContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n socialHeadline\n ...contentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...itemLiveArticleContentArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveTagContent on Article {\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n relatedLinks\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentPublishedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment contentReadMoreButtonContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...appButtonContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentUpdatedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n}\n\nfragment copyLinkArticle20CopyLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent\n}\n\nfragment defaultAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorRoleAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...followButtonBase\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...articleRelatedTopicsContent\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle\n ...hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle\n ...toolTipArticleSpeechWidgetToolTipArticle\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4 on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n additionalInfoBoxes {\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticle\n }\n ...genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle\n ...blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment geoLocationMainLocationArticle on Article {\n entityId\n entityUuid\n firstTopic {\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment globalCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articlePianoPaywallContent\n}\n\nfragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n}\n\nfragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent\n headline\n coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {\n url\n }\n coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n headline\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle on Article {\n entityId\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n sponsor {\n entityId\n id\n }\n id\n }\n disableOffPlatformContent\n sponsorType\n published\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeNameArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetContentTypeNameContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeNameArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetPdfFileUrlArticle on Article {\n pdfFiles {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSendPdfFileTrackingArticle on Article {\n entityId\n pdfFiles {\n name\n }\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksAmpRedirectArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n images {\n generic_og: style(filter: {style: \"og_image_scmp_generic\"}) {\n url\n }\n styles(filter: {styles: [\"og_image_posties_article\", \"og_postmag\", \"og_image_style\", \"og_image_scmp_analysis\", \"og_image_scmp_explainer\", \"og_image_scmp_editorial\", \"og_image_scmp_fact_check\", \"og_image_scmp_debate\", \"og_image_scmp_live\", \"og_image_scmp_obituary\", \"og_image_scmp_opinion\", \"og_image_scmp_review\", \"og_image_scmp_series\", \"og_image_scmp_generic\"]}) {\n url\n style\n }\n 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articleGeoLocationWidget on Article {\n topics {\n types\n id\n }\n ...geoLocationMainLocationArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleImageGalleryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment articleLeadingArticle on Article {\n entityId\n displaySlideShow\n ...articleLeadingImagesContent\n ...contentCoverVideoContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleLeadingImagesContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n images {\n title\n url\n isSlideshow\n size660w: style(filter: {style: \"660w\"}) {\n url\n }\n size1320w: style(filter: {style: \"1320w\"}) {\n url\n }\n sizeLandscape250x99: style(filter: {style: \"landscape_250_99\"}) {\n url\n }\n size1280x720: style(filter: {style: \"wide_landscape\"}) {\n url\n }\n size1200x800: style(filter: {style: \"1200x800\"}) {\n url\n }\n size1020x680: style(filter: {style: \"1020x680\"}) {\n url\n }\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleLinkingDataContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleListArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleDividerArticle\n ...articleFooterArticle\n ...articlePaginationCheckerArticle\n ...articlePaginationNavigationHistoryArticle_3o8td4\n ...articleRecommendationArticle\n ...articlePianoPaywallContent\n ...articleRenderArticle_3o8td4\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent\n ...contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreOnThisListArticle on Article {\n moreOnThisArticles {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n images {\n url\n style(filter: {style: \"237x147\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreOnThisListStyleArticle on Article {\n styleMoreOnThisArticles: moreOnThisArticles {\n ...entityLink\n ...magazinesStyleArticleMoreOnThisContentItemContent\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesArticle on Article {\n moreOnThisArticles {\n entityId\n ...articleMoreStoriesItemArticle\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesItemArticle on Article {\n ...entityLink\n headline\n socialHeadline\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n url\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationCheckerArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationNavigationHistoryArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment articlePianoPaywallContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle on Article {\n printHeadline\n}\n\nfragment articleReadingTimeContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n readingTime\n}\n\nfragment articleRecommendationArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n moreOnThisArticles {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleRelatedTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleRenderArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleActionWidgetArticle\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticleContent\n ...articleAuthorBlockArticle\n ...articleAuthorDetailsContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...articleBeforeYouGoWidget\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleCorrectionsWidgetArticle\n ...articleDateContent\n ...articleFurtherReadingWidgetArticle\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...articleLeadingArticle\n ...articleMoreOnThisListArticle\n ...articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle\n ...articleReadingTimeContent\n ...articleRelatedTopicsContent\n ...articleSectionsContent\n ...articleSeriesArticle\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...articleTopicContent\n ...articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle\n ...articleTopicsContent\n ...articleTopicWidgetArticle\n ...articleVocabBoxArticle\n ...articleGeoLocationWidget\n ...authorAvatarsArticle\n ...authorNamesArticle\n ...contentActionBarContent\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentLiveTagContent\n ...contentReadMoreButtonContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...contentSubHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...genericArticleContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksPostiesArticleArticle_3o8td4\n ...infographicArticleArticle\n ...liveArticleArticle\n ...morningStudioArticleContent\n ...newsletterArticleArticle\n ...pianoIntegrationArticle\n ...plusColumnsArticleContent\n ...plusGenericArticleContent\n ...postMagazineArticleContent\n ...seriesArticleArticle\n ...styleArticleContent\n}\n\nfragment articleSchemaContent_mN6kk on Query {\n article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n authorLocations\n contentLock\n createdDate\n headline\n publishedDate\n socialHeadline\n sponsorType\n updatedDate\n urlAlias\n authors {\n location\n name\n types\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n subHeadline {\n text\n }\n corrections {\n correction {\n text\n }\n timestamp\n }\n images {\n isSlideshow\n height\n width\n url\n }\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n ...liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF\n}\n\nfragment articleSectionsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...hooksArticleSeoArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n entityId\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n summary {\n text\n }\n subHeadline {\n text\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n text\n }\n keywords\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n readingTime\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesArticle on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ...inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle\n ...carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesCarouselContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ... on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT\n}\n\nfragment articleShareWidgetArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSponsorContent on Article {\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n description {\n json\n }\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleTitleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n disableFollow\n entityId\n name\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n ...entityLink\n ...followButtonBase\n name\n disableFollow\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...headerContentBookmarkArticle\n ...headerContentCommentTrigger\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersUseSharingUrl\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle\n ...hooksContentInterestArticle\n ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle\n ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle\n ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n image(filter: {type: AUTHOR_IMAGE}) {\n style(filter: {style: \"300x300\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorBioAuthor on Author {\n bio\n}\n\nfragment authorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...styleAuthorCardAuthor\n ...defaultAuthorCardAuthor\n ...plusAuthorCardAuthor\n}\n\nfragment authorNameAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n name\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment authorNamesArticle on Article {\n authorLocations\n authors {\n entityId\n location\n ...authorNameAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorRoleAuthor on Author {\n role {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorSocialLinksAuthor on Author {\n socialLinks {\n class\n title\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment beforeYouGoActionWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle on Article {\n entityId\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleSeriesCarouselContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentActionBarContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n createdDate\n updatedDate\n publishedDate\n readingTime\n ...articleCommentArticle\n ...helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle\n ...helpersGetContentTypeNameContent\n ... on Article {\n hasVideoContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentBodyContent_3o8td4 on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_4isNar on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n landscape250x99: style(filter: {style: \"landscape_250_99\"}) {\n url\n }\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size80x80: style(filter: {style: \"80x80\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverVideoContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n socialHeadline\n ...contentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...itemLiveArticleContentArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveTagContent on Article {\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n relatedLinks\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentPublishedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment contentReadMoreButtonContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...appButtonContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentUpdatedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n}\n\nfragment copyLinkArticle20CopyLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent\n}\n\nfragment defaultAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorRoleAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...followButtonBase\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...articleRelatedTopicsContent\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle\n ...hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle\n ...toolTipArticleSpeechWidgetToolTipArticle\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4 on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n additionalInfoBoxes {\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticle\n }\n ...genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle\n ...blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment geoLocationMainLocationArticle on Article {\n entityId\n entityUuid\n firstTopic {\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment globalCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articlePianoPaywallContent\n}\n\nfragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n}\n\nfragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent\n headline\n coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {\n url\n }\n coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n headline\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle on Article {\n entityId\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n sponsor {\n entityId\n id\n }\n id\n }\n disableOffPlatformContent\n sponsorType\n published\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeNameArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetContentTypeNameContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeNameArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetPdfFileUrlArticle on Article {\n pdfFiles {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSendPdfFileTrackingArticle on Article {\n entityId\n pdfFiles {\n name\n }\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksAmpRedirectArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on 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Growth in consumer spending remained flat amid low confidence while the rate of expansion in infrastructure and manufacturing investments, as traditional demand-side growth drivers, softened further,” Liu said on Monday.\nI think the message is clear. In other words, they may not cut interest rates now\nLi Xunlei, Zhongtai International\nOn Saturday, China confirmed its key retail sales rose by just 2.1 per cent year on year last month, adding to concerns for the world’s second-largest economy.\nZou Lan, head of the PBOC’s monetary policy department, said at the start of September that there is room to cut the RRR that would free up more liquidity at banks.\nBut Zou also expressed concerns over their shrinking net interest margins, a key gauge of profitability, which he said would constrain further cuts in the deposit and lending rates by the central bank.\n“I think the message is clear,” Li Xunlei, chief economist at Zhongtai International, told the Shanghai-based business and financial media outlet Yicai last week.\n“In other words, they may not cut interest rates now.”\nIn July, China’s central bank lowered the rate of the one-year medium-term lending facility by 20 basis points to 2.3 per cent, representing the first reduction of the policy rate in almost a year.\n\n\n\n\nAnother consideration for the PBOC when it comes to a rate cut is the depreciation pressure on the yuan, which has eased since August, gaining 1.9 per cent against the US dollar.\n“Currency stability remains a priority for the PBOC, but the depreciation pressure on the yuan has eased significantly over the past month or so,” said Lynn Song, chief Greater China economist of ING, who expects the PBOC to cut rates at least once by the end of the year.\n“As the scale of PBOC rate cuts are most likely going to be significantly smaller than what we see from the Fed, yield spreads should still move in favour of the yuan.”\nGuan Tao, chief economist with Bank of China International, said the PBOC would take into account the impact of a rate cut on China’s public debt, bond markets and the financial industry.\n“If the US Federal Reserve doesn’t cut rates on a large scale, the yuan’s exchange rate will certainly go both ways,” Guan also told Yicai last week.\n“China’s economy isn’t doing that well, but it isn’t doing that badly. I don’t think people should be too pessimistic about it.\n“But the reality is, the US economy is outperforming, which has strengthened the outlook for the US dollar. So if the US’s economy doesn’t perform as well, China’s economy won’t be seen as weak in comparison.”\n\n\n\n\nThe PBOC has pushed back against rallies in long-dated Chinese treasury bonds that have evolved from verbal warnings to direct intervention.\nChina’s investors have flocked to safe-haven assets as a combination of the nation’s economic malaise, sinking equities and slumping property prices have continued to damage risk appetite.\nBut price pressure continues to be a dampener in China’s economic recovery, with former PBOC governor Yi Gang having called for Beijing to address falling prices at a forum in Shanghai at the start of September.\n“I have said that the size of the 1 trillion yuan special treasury bond programme is too small. I suggested 5 trillion special treasury bond issuance every year for the next 10 years – if we can see that, A shares would certainly go up,” Li at Zhongtai added, referring to domestic shares of mainland Chinese firms denominated and traded in yuan by mainland Chinese residents.\nRory Green, head of Asia research at GlobalData TS Lombard, said a narrower rate differential would help ease pressure on the yuan and fund outflow from China, but Beijing might take into account the political risk from the US presidential election on its economic policies in the coming months.\nClarity on trade and US-China relations will help confidence and Chinese assets\nRory Green, GlobalData TS Lombard\n“We think Beijing is likely holding back stimulus in case [Donald] Trump is elected and China needs to counteract significantly higher tariffs,” Green said.\n“In contrast, [Kamala] Harris is highly likely to follow the [Joe] Biden playbook of tighter tech restrictions, but leave tariffs broadly unchanged.\n“Clarity on trade and US-China relations will help confidence and Chinese assets, and allow Beijing to bring forward the timing of stimulus rather than waiting for Trump tariff announcements.”\nLorraine Tan, director for equity research for Asia at American financial services firm Morningstar, said the stock market would only benefit if there was evidence that demand in China was improving.\nChina’s CSI 300 index, which tracks blue chips listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen, is nearing the lowest levels since January 2019.\n“We also want to see stability in property prices, but we think this may only happen in mid-2025,” Tan said.\n","json":[{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"An interest-rate cut by the US Federal Reserve could give China room to ease its monetary policy and reduce capital outflow risks for the world’s second-largest economy, according to analysts."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"And although an interest rate cut by China may not be imminent, a cut in the reserve requirement ratio (RRR) – the amount of cash that commercial banks must hold as reserves - may be more preferred, they added."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Markets widely expect the US central bank to lower its benchmark borrowing rate by at least 25 basis points from its 5.25-5.5 per cent range when its Federal Open Market Committee convenes this week."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"1"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The People’s Bank of China has been widely seen as refraining from cutting interest rates as the differential with the United States, and the impact of low rates on China’s banks, represent major concerns for the central bank."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"But with the US Federal Reserve rate cut opening the door, and persistently weak domestic economic activities, calls for more easing, including rate cuts, have grown."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"2"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Sunny Liu, lead economist at Oxford Economics, expected further rate cuts by the PBOC over the next two quarters and continued fiscal support to boost demand."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"20"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“"},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/economic-indicators/article/3278508/chinas-economic-activity-softens-august-major-figures-miss-projections","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"191e7484-89bf-4581-a10a-b815e69f8cc0","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"August’s data showed further loss of momentum"}]},{"type":"text","data":" across the board. Growth in consumer spending remained flat amid low confidence while the rate of expansion in infrastructure and manufacturing investments, as traditional demand-side growth drivers, softened further,” Liu said on Monday."}]},{"type":"blockquote-quote","attribs":{"class":"blockquote"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"I think the message is clear. In other words, they may not cut interest rates now"},{"type":"text","data":"Li Xunlei, Zhongtai International"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"On Saturday, China confirmed its key retail sales rose by just 2.1 per cent year on year last month, adding to concerns for the world’s second-largest economy."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Zou Lan, head of the PBOC’s monetary policy department, said at the start of September that there is room to cut the RRR that would free up more liquidity at banks."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"But Zou also expressed concerns over their shrinking net interest margins, a key gauge of profitability, which he said would constrain further cuts in the deposit and lending rates by the central bank."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“I think the message is clear,” Li Xunlei, chief economist at Zhongtai International, told the Shanghai-based business and financial media outlet Yicai last week."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"4"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“In other words, they may not cut interest rates now.”"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"In July, China’s central bank lowered the "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3277021/chinas-3-monetary-pivots-under-first-year-central-bank-governor-pan-gongsheng","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"de3d0115-3c83-42b8-9883-f8265b86c0d5","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"rate of the one-year medium-term lending facility"}]},{"type":"text","data":" by 20 basis points to 2.3 per cent, representing the first reduction of the policy rate in almost a year."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper oembed-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"scmp-multimedia-embed"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"iframe","attribs":{"width":"","height":"420","src":"https://multimedia.scmp.com/embeds/2024/economy/Dollar-Yuan-Exchange-Rate/","scrolling":"no","frameborder":"0"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"text","data":"\n"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Another consideration for the PBOC when it comes to a rate cut is the depreciation pressure on the yuan, which has eased since August, gaining 1.9 per cent against the US dollar."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"5"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Currency stability remains a priority for the PBOC, but the depreciation pressure on the yuan has eased significantly over the past month or so,” said Lynn Song, chief Greater China economist of ING, who expects the PBOC to cut rates at least once by the end of the year."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"50"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“As the scale of PBOC rate cuts are most likely going to be significantly smaller than what we see from the Fed, yield spreads should still move in favour of the yuan.”"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Guan Tao, chief economist with Bank of China International, said the PBOC would take into account the impact of a rate cut on China’s public debt, bond markets and the financial industry."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"infiniteAdsAfterNumber":"3","tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“If the US Federal Reserve doesn’t cut rates on a large scale, the yuan’s exchange rate will certainly go both ways,” Guan also told Yicai last week."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“China’s economy isn’t doing that well, but it isn’t doing that badly. I don’t think people should be too pessimistic about it."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“But the reality is, the US economy is outperforming, which has strengthened the outlook for the US dollar. So if the US’s economy doesn’t perform as well, China’s economy won’t be seen as weak in comparison.”"}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper oembed-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"scmp-multimedia-embed"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"iframe","attribs":{"width":"100%","height":"392px","src":"https://multimedia.scmp.com/2024/graphics/launchers/20240628.html","scrolling":"no","frameborder":"0"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"text","data":"\n"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The PBOC has pushed back against rallies in long-dated Chinese treasury bonds that have evolved from verbal warnings to direct intervention."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"China’s investors have flocked to safe-haven assets as a combination of the nation’s economic malaise, sinking equities and slumping property prices have continued to damage risk appetite."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"But price pressure continues to be a dampener in China’s economic recovery, with former PBOC governor Yi Gang having called for Beijing to address falling prices at a forum in Shanghai at the start of September."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“I have said that the size of the 1 trillion yuan special treasury bond programme is too small. I suggested 5 trillion special treasury bond issuance every year for the next 10 years – if we can see that, A shares would certainly go up,” Li at Zhongtai added, referring to domestic shares of mainland Chinese firms denominated and traded in yuan by mainland Chinese residents."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Rory Green, head of Asia research at GlobalData TS Lombard, said a narrower rate differential would help ease pressure on the yuan and fund outflow from China, but Beijing might take into account the political risk from the US presidential election on its economic policies in the coming months."}]},{"type":"blockquote-quote","attribs":{"class":"blockquote"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Clarity on trade and US-China relations will help confidence and Chinese assets"},{"type":"text","data":"Rory Green, GlobalData TS Lombard"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“We think Beijing is likely holding back stimulus in case [Donald] Trump is elected and China needs to counteract significantly higher tariffs,” Green said."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“In contrast, [Kamala] Harris is highly likely to follow the [Joe] Biden playbook of tighter tech restrictions, but leave tariffs broadly unchanged."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Clarity on trade and US-China relations will help confidence and Chinese assets, and allow Beijing to bring forward the timing of stimulus rather than waiting for Trump tariff announcements.”"}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"90"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Lorraine Tan, director for equity research for Asia at American financial services firm Morningstar, said the stock market would only benefit if there was evidence that demand in China was improving."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"China’s CSI 300 index, which tracks blue chips listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen, is nearing the lowest levels since January 2019."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“We also want to see stability in property prices, but we think this may only happen in mid-2025,” Tan said."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"7"}},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"100"}}]},"keywords":["Federal Reserve, Zou Lan, Chinese treasury bonds, China, HSBC, PBOC, People's Bank of China, US Federal Reserve, Beijing, US dollar, Yuan, Bank of China International, Shanghai, Donald Trump, Joe Biden"],"readingTime":4,"shortUrl":"https://sc.mp/99i9s","commentCount":5,"relatedNewsletters":[],"createdDate":1726478137000,"authorLocations":["Hong Kong"],"corrections":[],"displaySlideShow":true,"multimediaEmbed":{"json":[]},"printHeadline":null,"seriesContainer":null,"firstTopic":{"__isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias":"Topic","__typename":"Topic","entityId":"318750","entityUuid":"e8b025ec-1ceb-4679-8c1e-7b431aaeff32","urlAlias":"/topics/banking-finance","urlRedirect":null,"application":null,"name":"Banking \u0026 finance","disableFollow":false,"contents":{"edges":[{"node":{"__typename":"Article","entityId":"3298953","__isContent":"Article","urlAlias":"/opinion/hong-kong-opinion/article/3298953/major-trouble-brewing-hong-kongs-housing-market-not-so-fast","sponsorType":null,"__isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias":"Article","entityUuid":"eba298f5-f90c-4f58-a325-47b23b669bea","urlRedirect":null,"application":{"entityId":"325477","id":"QXBwbGljYXRpb246MjY5NWIyYzktOTZlZi00ZmU0LTk2ZjgtYmEyMGQwYTAyMGIz"},"flattenTypeIds":["012d7708-2959-4b2b-9031-23e3d025a08d","5f973187-6b88-4561-9f42-5cad7c500333"],"liveArticle":null,"sections":[{"value":[{"entityId":"93","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo3NTg3OGY2Zi01NWI5LTQ2NzUtODM4NC03ZGZjZjY3Y2Q2YjE=","name":"Opinion"},{"entityId":"517910","id":"U2VjdGlvbjpjN2U4MmFhZi03MjIzLTRjN2YtYWFjMC1jNmUyYWQ2NDRjMzQ=","name":"Hong Kong Opinion"}]},{"value":[{"entityId":"92","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo3MThhMDczZS00MDA2LTQwMzctODcxZS02ZjY3MzQzMjRiNGI=","name":"Business"}]},{"value":[{"entityId":"93","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo3NTg3OGY2Zi01NWI5LTQ2NzUtODM4NC03ZGZjZjY3Y2Q2YjE=","name":"Opinion"},{"entityId":"517911","id":"U2VjdGlvbjowOTFjZWNiOS1jMmNjLTQ1ZWMtODI5MS00ZjY2ZWQzY2VkMTE=","name":"China Opinion"}]},{"value":[{"entityId":"91","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo4NmUxYzUxOS05NDhlLTQ0NjAtYWRjMy0xZGZhZmVmYTYwZGE=","name":"News"},{"entityId":"2","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo0NjVlMjM2OC1iNWQ5LTRhYjktYTQ3MS1lN2ZmOTIxZTYzODk=","name":"Hong Kong"}]},{"value":[{"entityId":"96","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo1NzMxNDg1OC03ZDYxLTRiOGUtODdlYS1lZDAyMDVlZDFjNDE=","name":"Property"},{"entityId":"43","id":"U2VjdGlvbjpmNjlhZmRlNy1mZWQ2LTQ4YzUtOWVkYy03ZjYwOGIxMGM5MDU=","name":"Hong Kong \u0026 China"}]}],"paywallTypes":[],"headline":"Is major trouble brewing for Hong Kong’s housing market? 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A graduate of the London School of Economics, she joined the Post in 2017 and has previously worked for Thomson Reuters and Forbes.\r\n","socialLinks":[{"class":"email","title":"","url":"mailto:amanda.lee@scmp.com"}],"role":{"text":"Correspondent, Political Economy\n"},"areaOfExpertise":["Markets, economy"]}],"disableOffPlatformContent":[],"sponsorType":null,"published":true,"paywallTypes":[{"entityUuid":"a847a765-95e0-444a-a4df-76b85c9d089b","id":"UGF5d2FsbFR5cGU6YTg0N2E3NjUtOTVlMC00NDRhLWE0ZGYtNzZiODVjOWQwODli","entityId":"507836"}],"headline":"With Fed rate cut opening the door, China likely to ease as economic issues grow: analysts","socialHeadline":"When will China respond to Fed rate cut as economic problems mount?","images":[{"generic_og":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_generic/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/09/16/d075d874-6679-4403-9c18-58cf47c98634_8e95b95f.jpg?itok=ZhCKJ8-z\u0026v=1726478138"},"styles":[{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_posties_article/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/09/16/d075d874-6679-4403-9c18-58cf47c98634_8e95b95f.jpg?itok=sm7W7_I8\u0026v=1726478138","style":"og_image_posties_article"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_postmag/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/09/16/d075d874-6679-4403-9c18-58cf47c98634_8e95b95f.jpg?itok=zUk5J-PR\u0026v=1726478138","style":"og_postmag"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_style/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/09/16/d075d874-6679-4403-9c18-58cf47c98634_8e95b95f.jpg?itok=0ZGeD0WS\u0026v=1726478138","style":"og_image_style"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_analysis/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/09/16/d075d874-6679-4403-9c18-58cf47c98634_8e95b95f.jpg?itok=K8WrsLWi\u0026v=1726478138","style":"og_image_scmp_analysis"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_explainer/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/09/16/d075d874-6679-4403-9c18-58cf47c98634_8e95b95f.jpg?itok=RbETkefM\u0026v=1726478138","style":"og_image_scmp_explainer"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_editorial/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/09/16/d075d874-6679-4403-9c18-58cf47c98634_8e95b95f.jpg?itok=sxAJu1JZ\u0026v=1726478138","style":"og_image_scmp_editorial"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_fact_check/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/09/16/d075d874-6679-4403-9c18-58cf47c98634_8e95b95f.jpg?itok=qcYa60rN\u0026v=1726478138","style":"og_image_scmp_fact_check"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_debate/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/09/16/d075d874-6679-4403-9c18-58cf47c98634_8e95b95f.jpg?itok=Ulm5Rj7s\u0026v=1726478138","style":"og_image_scmp_debate"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_live/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/09/16/d075d874-6679-4403-9c18-58cf47c98634_8e95b95f.jpg?itok=3-nhGo8n\u0026v=1726478138","style":"og_image_scmp_live"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_obituary/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/09/16/d075d874-6679-4403-9c18-58cf47c98634_8e95b95f.jpg?itok=GfuOPjcX\u0026v=1726478138","style":"og_image_scmp_obituary"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_opinion/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/09/16/d075d874-6679-4403-9c18-58cf47c98634_8e95b95f.jpg?itok=E2peYXZX\u0026v=1726478138","style":"og_image_scmp_opinion"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_review/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/09/16/d075d874-6679-4403-9c18-58cf47c98634_8e95b95f.jpg?itok=4En4mkT9\u0026v=1726478138","style":"og_image_scmp_review"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_series/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/09/16/d075d874-6679-4403-9c18-58cf47c98634_8e95b95f.jpg?itok=qSODtt93\u0026v=1726478138","style":"og_image_scmp_series"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_generic/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/09/16/d075d874-6679-4403-9c18-58cf47c98634_8e95b95f.jpg?itok=ZhCKJ8-z\u0026v=1726478138","style":"og_image_scmp_generic"}],"type":"default","style":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/768x768/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/09/16/d075d874-6679-4403-9c18-58cf47c98634_8e95b95f.jpg?itok=WkOQQsL1\u0026v=1726478138"},"title":"Markets widely expect the US central bank to lower its benchmark borrowing rate on Wednesday. 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Growth in consumer spending remained flat amid low confidence while the rate of expansion in infrastructure and manufacturing investments, as traditional demand-side growth drivers, softened further,” Liu said on Monday.\nI think the message is clear. In other words, they may not cut interest rates now\nLi Xunlei, Zhongtai International\nOn Saturday, China confirmed its key retail sales rose by just 2.1 per cent year on year last month, adding to concerns for the world’s second-largest economy.\nZou Lan, head of the PBOC’s monetary policy department, said at the start of September that there is room to cut the RRR that would free up more liquidity at banks.\nBut Zou also expressed concerns over their shrinking net interest margins, a key gauge of profitability, which he said would constrain further cuts in the deposit and lending rates by the central bank.\n“I think the message is clear,” Li Xunlei, chief economist at Zhongtai International, told the Shanghai-based business and financial media outlet Yicai last week.\n“In other words, they may not cut interest rates now.”\nIn July, China’s central bank lowered the rate of the one-year medium-term lending facility by 20 basis points to 2.3 per cent, representing the first reduction of the policy rate in almost a year.\n\n\n\n\nAnother consideration for the PBOC when it comes to a rate cut is the depreciation pressure on the yuan, which has eased since August, gaining 1.9 per cent against the US dollar.\n“Currency stability remains a priority for the PBOC, but the depreciation pressure on the yuan has eased significantly over the past month or so,” said Lynn Song, chief Greater China economist of ING, who expects the PBOC to cut rates at least once by the end of the year.\n“As the scale of PBOC rate cuts are most likely going to be significantly smaller than what we see from the Fed, yield spreads should still move in favour of the yuan.”\nGuan Tao, chief economist with Bank of China International, said the PBOC would take into account the impact of a rate cut on China’s public debt, bond markets and the financial industry.\n“If the US Federal Reserve doesn’t cut rates on a large scale, the yuan’s exchange rate will certainly go both ways,” Guan also told Yicai last week.\n“China’s economy isn’t doing that well, but it isn’t doing that badly. I don’t think people should be too pessimistic about it.\n“But the reality is, the US economy is outperforming, which has strengthened the outlook for the US dollar. So if the US’s economy doesn’t perform as well, China’s economy won’t be seen as weak in comparison.”\n\n\n\n\nThe PBOC has pushed back against rallies in long-dated Chinese treasury bonds that have evolved from verbal warnings to direct intervention.\nChina’s investors have flocked to safe-haven assets as a combination of the nation’s economic malaise, sinking equities and slumping property prices have continued to damage risk appetite.\nBut price pressure continues to be a dampener in China’s economic recovery, with former PBOC governor Yi Gang having called for Beijing to address falling prices at a forum in Shanghai at the start of September.\n“I have said that the size of the 1 trillion yuan special treasury bond programme is too small. I suggested 5 trillion special treasury bond issuance every year for the next 10 years – if we can see that, A shares would certainly go up,” Li at Zhongtai added, referring to domestic shares of mainland Chinese firms denominated and traded in yuan by mainland Chinese residents.\nRory Green, head of Asia research at GlobalData TS Lombard, said a narrower rate differential would help ease pressure on the yuan and fund outflow from China, but Beijing might take into account the political risk from the US presidential election on its economic policies in the coming months.\nClarity on trade and US-China relations will help confidence and Chinese assets\nRory Green, GlobalData TS Lombard\n“We think Beijing is likely holding back stimulus in case [Donald] Trump is elected and China needs to counteract significantly higher tariffs,” Green said.\n“In contrast, [Kamala] Harris is highly likely to follow the [Joe] Biden playbook of tighter tech restrictions, but leave tariffs broadly unchanged.\n“Clarity on trade and US-China relations will help confidence and Chinese assets, and allow Beijing to bring forward the timing of stimulus rather than waiting for Trump tariff announcements.”\nLorraine Tan, director for equity research for Asia at American financial services firm Morningstar, said the stock market would only benefit if there was evidence that demand in China was improving.\nChina’s CSI 300 index, which tracks blue chips listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen, is nearing the lowest levels since January 2019.\n“We also want to see stability in property prices, but we think this may only happen in mid-2025,” Tan said.\n","json":[{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"An interest-rate cut by the US Federal Reserve could give China room to ease its monetary policy and reduce capital outflow risks for the world’s second-largest economy, according to analysts."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"And although an interest rate cut by China may not be imminent, a cut in the reserve requirement ratio (RRR) – the amount of cash that commercial banks must hold as reserves - may be more preferred, they added."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Markets widely expect the US central bank to lower its benchmark borrowing rate by at least 25 basis points from its 5.25-5.5 per cent range when its Federal Open Market Committee convenes this week."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"1"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The People’s Bank of China has been widely seen as refraining from cutting interest rates as the differential with the United States, and the impact of low rates on China’s banks, represent major concerns for the central bank."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"But with the US Federal Reserve rate cut opening the door, and persistently weak domestic economic activities, calls for more easing, including rate cuts, have grown."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"2"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Sunny Liu, lead economist at Oxford Economics, expected further rate cuts by the PBOC over the next two quarters and continued fiscal support to boost demand."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"20"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“"},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/economic-indicators/article/3278508/chinas-economic-activity-softens-august-major-figures-miss-projections","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"191e7484-89bf-4581-a10a-b815e69f8cc0","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"August’s data showed further loss of momentum"}]},{"type":"text","data":" across the board. Growth in consumer spending remained flat amid low confidence while the rate of expansion in infrastructure and manufacturing investments, as traditional demand-side growth drivers, softened further,” Liu said on Monday."}]},{"type":"blockquote-quote","attribs":{"class":"blockquote"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"I think the message is clear. In other words, they may not cut interest rates now"},{"type":"text","data":"Li Xunlei, Zhongtai International"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"On Saturday, China confirmed its key retail sales rose by just 2.1 per cent year on year last month, adding to concerns for the world’s second-largest economy."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Zou Lan, head of the PBOC’s monetary policy department, said at the start of September that there is room to cut the RRR that would free up more liquidity at banks."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"But Zou also expressed concerns over their shrinking net interest margins, a key gauge of profitability, which he said would constrain further cuts in the deposit and lending rates by the central bank."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“I think the message is clear,” Li Xunlei, chief economist at Zhongtai International, told the Shanghai-based business and financial media outlet Yicai last week."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"4"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“In other words, they may not cut interest rates now.”"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"In July, China’s central bank lowered the "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3277021/chinas-3-monetary-pivots-under-first-year-central-bank-governor-pan-gongsheng","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"de3d0115-3c83-42b8-9883-f8265b86c0d5","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"rate of the one-year medium-term lending facility"}]},{"type":"text","data":" by 20 basis points to 2.3 per cent, representing the first reduction of the policy rate in almost a year."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper oembed-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"scmp-multimedia-embed"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"iframe","attribs":{"width":"","height":"420","src":"https://multimedia.scmp.com/embeds/2024/economy/Dollar-Yuan-Exchange-Rate/","scrolling":"no","frameborder":"0"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"text","data":"\n"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Another consideration for the PBOC when it comes to a rate cut is the depreciation pressure on the yuan, which has eased since August, gaining 1.9 per cent against the US dollar."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"5"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Currency stability remains a priority for the PBOC, but the depreciation pressure on the yuan has eased significantly over the past month or so,” said Lynn Song, chief Greater China economist of ING, who expects the PBOC to cut rates at least once by the end of the year."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"50"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“As the scale of PBOC rate cuts are most likely going to be significantly smaller than what we see from the Fed, yield spreads should still move in favour of the yuan.”"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Guan Tao, chief economist with Bank of China International, said the PBOC would take into account the impact of a rate cut on China’s public debt, bond markets and the financial industry."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"infiniteAdsAfterNumber":"3","tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“If the US Federal Reserve doesn’t cut rates on a large scale, the yuan’s exchange rate will certainly go both ways,” Guan also told Yicai last week."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“China’s economy isn’t doing that well, but it isn’t doing that badly. I don’t think people should be too pessimistic about it."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“But the reality is, the US economy is outperforming, which has strengthened the outlook for the US dollar. So if the US’s economy doesn’t perform as well, China’s economy won’t be seen as weak in comparison.”"}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper oembed-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"scmp-multimedia-embed"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"iframe","attribs":{"width":"100%","height":"392px","src":"https://multimedia.scmp.com/2024/graphics/launchers/20240628.html","scrolling":"no","frameborder":"0"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"text","data":"\n"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The PBOC has pushed back against rallies in long-dated Chinese treasury bonds that have evolved from verbal warnings to direct intervention."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"China’s investors have flocked to safe-haven assets as a combination of the nation’s economic malaise, sinking equities and slumping property prices have continued to damage risk appetite."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"But price pressure continues to be a dampener in China’s economic recovery, with former PBOC governor Yi Gang having called for Beijing to address falling prices at a forum in Shanghai at the start of September."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“I have said that the size of the 1 trillion yuan special treasury bond programme is too small. I suggested 5 trillion special treasury bond issuance every year for the next 10 years – if we can see that, A shares would certainly go up,” Li at Zhongtai added, referring to domestic shares of mainland Chinese firms denominated and traded in yuan by mainland Chinese residents."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Rory Green, head of Asia research at GlobalData TS Lombard, said a narrower rate differential would help ease pressure on the yuan and fund outflow from China, but Beijing might take into account the political risk from the US presidential election on its economic policies in the coming months."}]},{"type":"blockquote-quote","attribs":{"class":"blockquote"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Clarity on trade and US-China relations will help confidence and Chinese assets"},{"type":"text","data":"Rory Green, GlobalData TS Lombard"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“We think Beijing is likely holding back stimulus in case [Donald] Trump is elected and China needs to counteract significantly higher tariffs,” Green said."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“In contrast, [Kamala] Harris is highly likely to follow the [Joe] Biden playbook of tighter tech restrictions, but leave tariffs broadly unchanged."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Clarity on trade and US-China relations will help confidence and Chinese assets, and allow Beijing to bring forward the timing of stimulus rather than waiting for Trump tariff announcements.”"}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"90"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Lorraine Tan, director for equity research for Asia at American financial services firm Morningstar, said the stock market would only benefit if there was evidence that demand in China was improving."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"China’s CSI 300 index, which tracks blue chips listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen, is nearing the lowest levels since January 2019."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“We also want to see stability in property prices, but we think this may only happen in mid-2025,” Tan said."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"7"}},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"100"}}]},"keywords":["Federal Reserve, Zou Lan, Chinese treasury bonds, China, HSBC, PBOC, People's Bank of China, US Federal Reserve, Beijing, US dollar, Yuan, Bank of China International, Shanghai, Donald Trump, Joe Biden"],"readingTime":4,"shortUrl":"https://sc.mp/99i9s","commentCount":5,"relatedNewsletters":[],"createdDate":1726478137000,"authorLocations":["Hong Kong"],"corrections":[],"displaySlideShow":true,"multimediaEmbed":{"json":[]},"printHeadline":null,"seriesContainer":null,"firstTopic":{"__isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias":"Topic","__typename":"Topic","entityId":"318750","entityUuid":"e8b025ec-1ceb-4679-8c1e-7b431aaeff32","urlAlias":"/topics/banking-finance","urlRedirect":null,"application":null,"name":"Banking \u0026 finance","disableFollow":false,"contents":{"edges":[{"node":{"__typename":"Article","entityId":"3298953","__isContent":"Article","urlAlias":"/opinion/hong-kong-opinion/article/3298953/major-trouble-brewing-hong-kongs-housing-market-not-so-fast","sponsorType":null,"__isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias":"Article","entityUuid":"eba298f5-f90c-4f58-a325-47b23b669bea","urlRedirect":null,"application":{"entityId":"325477","id":"QXBwbGljYXRpb246MjY5NWIyYzktOTZlZi00ZmU0LTk2ZjgtYmEyMGQwYTAyMGIz"},"flattenTypeIds":["012d7708-2959-4b2b-9031-23e3d025a08d","5f973187-6b88-4561-9f42-5cad7c500333"],"liveArticle":null,"sections":[{"value":[{"entityId":"93","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo3NTg3OGY2Zi01NWI5LTQ2NzUtODM4NC03ZGZjZjY3Y2Q2YjE=","name":"Opinion"},{"entityId":"517910","id":"U2VjdGlvbjpjN2U4MmFhZi03MjIzLTRjN2YtYWFjMC1jNmUyYWQ2NDRjMzQ=","name":"Hong Kong Opinion"}]},{"value":[{"entityId":"92","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo3MThhMDczZS00MDA2LTQwMzctODcxZS02ZjY3MzQzMjRiNGI=","name":"Business"}]},{"value":[{"entityId":"93","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo3NTg3OGY2Zi01NWI5LTQ2NzUtODM4NC03ZGZjZjY3Y2Q2YjE=","name":"Opinion"},{"entityId":"517911","id":"U2VjdGlvbjowOTFjZWNiOS1jMmNjLTQ1ZWMtODI5MS00ZjY2ZWQzY2VkMTE=","name":"China Opinion"}]},{"value":[{"entityId":"91","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo4NmUxYzUxOS05NDhlLTQ0NjAtYWRjMy0xZGZhZmVmYTYwZGE=","name":"News"},{"entityId":"2","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo0NjVlMjM2OC1iNWQ5LTRhYjktYTQ3MS1lN2ZmOTIxZTYzODk=","name":"Hong Kong"}]},{"value":[{"entityId":"96","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo1NzMxNDg1OC03ZDYxLTRiOGUtODdlYS1lZDAyMDVlZDFjNDE=","name":"Property"},{"entityId":"43","id":"U2VjdGlvbjpmNjlhZmRlNy1mZWQ2LTQ4YzUtOWVkYy03ZjYwOGIxMGM5MDU=","name":"Hong Kong \u0026 China"}]}],"paywallTypes":[],"headline":"Is major trouble brewing for Hong Kong’s housing market? 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