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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artistic_directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artistic_directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Artistic directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artistic_directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_actors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_actors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable actors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_actors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_productions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_productions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>List of productions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_productions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of productions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_productions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1898" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1898"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>1898</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1898-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1899" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1899"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>1899</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1899-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1900" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1900"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>1900</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1900-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1901" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1901"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>1901</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1901-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1902" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1902"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>1902</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1902-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1903" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1903"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>1903</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1903-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1904" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1904"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>1904</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1904-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1905" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1905"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>1905</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1905-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1906" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1906"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>1906</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1906-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1907" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1907"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>1907</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1907-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1908" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1908"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11</span> <span>1908</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1908-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1909" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1909"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.12</span> <span>1909</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1909-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1910" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1910"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.13</span> <span>1910</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1910-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1911" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1911"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.14</span> <span>1911</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1911-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1912" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1912"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.15</span> <span>1912</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1912-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1913" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1913"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.16</span> <span>1913</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1913-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1914" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1914"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.17</span> <span>1914</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1914-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1915" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1915"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.18</span> <span>1915</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1915-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1916–17" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1916–17"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.19</span> <span>1916–17</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1916–17-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Moscow Art Theatre</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AD_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="مسرح موسكو للفنون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مسرح موسكو للفنون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Մոսկուայի Գեղարուեստական Ակադեմական Թատրոն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մոսկուայի Գեղարուեստական Ակադեմական Թատրոն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva_%C4%B0nc%C9%99s%C9%99n%C9%99t_Teatr%C4%B1" title="Moskva İncəsənət Teatrı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Moskva İncəsənət Teatrı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="মস্কো আর্ট থিয়েটার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মস্কো আর্ট থিয়েটার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Мәскәү Художество театры – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мәскәү Художество театры" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80" title="Маскоўскі Мастацкі тэатр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Маскоўскі Мастацкі тэатр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskevsk%C3%A9_um%C4%9Bleck%C3%A9_akademick%C3%A9_divadlo" title="Moskevské umělecké akademické divadlo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Moskevské umělecké akademické divadlo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva_kunstnerteater" title="Moskva kunstnerteater – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Moskva kunstnerteater" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechow-Kunsttheater_Moskau" title="Tschechow-Kunsttheater Moskau – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tschechow-Kunsttheater Moskau" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva_Kunstiteater" title="Moskva Kunstiteater – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Moskva Kunstiteater" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%A4%CE%AD%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Θέατρο Τέχνης της Μόσχας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θέατρο Τέχνης της Μόσχας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teatro_de_Arte_de_Mosc%C3%BA" title="Teatro de Arte de Moscú – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Teatro de Arte de Moscú" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva_Arta_Teatro" title="Moskva Arta Teatro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Moskva Arta Teatro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88" title="تئاتر هنری مسکو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تئاتر هنری مسکو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_d%27art_de_Moscou" title="Théâtre d'art de Moscou – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Théâtre d'art de Moscou" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%B0%94_%EC%98%88%EC%88%A0%EA%B7%B9%EC%9E%A5" title="모스크바 예술극장 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모스크바 예술극장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Մոսկվայի գեղարվեստական ակադեմիական թատրոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոսկվայի գեղարվեստական ակադեմիական թատրոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teatro_d%27arte_di_Mosca" title="Teatro d'arte di Mosca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Teatro d'arte di Mosca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%94" title="התיאטרון האמנותי של מוסקבה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התיאטרון האמנותי של מוסקבה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Moscow_Art_Theatre&params=55_45_36_N_37_36_48_E_region:RU_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°45′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">37°36′48″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.76000°N 37.61333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.76000; 37.61333</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Theatre company</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moscow_Art_Theater,_Fyodor_Schechtel,_1902.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Moscow_Art_Theater%2C_Fyodor_Schechtel%2C_1902.jpg/250px-Moscow_Art_Theater%2C_Fyodor_Schechtel%2C_1902.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Moscow_Art_Theater%2C_Fyodor_Schechtel%2C_1902.jpg/375px-Moscow_Art_Theater%2C_Fyodor_Schechtel%2C_1902.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Moscow_Art_Theater%2C_Fyodor_Schechtel%2C_1902.jpg/500px-Moscow_Art_Theater%2C_Fyodor_Schechtel%2C_1902.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="651" /></a><figcaption>Interior of the "Old" MAT in <a href="/wiki/Chamberlain_Lane" title="Chamberlain Lane">Kamergersky Lane</a>, originally Lianozov Theatre, as rebuilt in 1900-1903 by <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Schechtel" title="Fyodor Schechtel">Fyodor Schechtel</a> with contribution by <a href="/wiki/Anna_Golubkina" title="Anna Golubkina">Anna Golubkina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Fomin" title="Ivan Fomin">Ivan Fomin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moscow_Chekhov_Art_Theatre_03-2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Moscow_Chekhov_Art_Theatre_03-2016.jpg/250px-Moscow_Chekhov_Art_Theatre_03-2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Moscow_Chekhov_Art_Theatre_03-2016.jpg/375px-Moscow_Chekhov_Art_Theatre_03-2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Moscow_Chekhov_Art_Theatre_03-2016.jpg/500px-Moscow_Chekhov_Art_Theatre_03-2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3386" data-file-height="2540" /></a><figcaption>The Chekhov Moscow Art Theatre today (Kamergersky Lane, exterior by Fyodor Schechtel).</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Moscow Art Theatre</b> (or <b>MAT</b>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Московский Художественный академический театр (МХАТ)</span>, <i>Moskovskiy Hudojestvenny Akademicheskiy Teatr</i> (<b>МHАТ</b>) was a theatre company in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. It was founded in 1898 by the seminal Russian theatre practitioner <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Stanislavski" title="Konstantin Stanislavski">Konstantin Stanislavski</a>, together with the playwright and director <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nemirovich-Danchenko" title="Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko">Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko</a>. It was conceived as a venue for <a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(theatre)" title="Naturalism (theatre)">naturalistic</a> theatre, in contrast to the <a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">melodramas</a> that were Russia's dominant form of theatre at the time. The theatre, the first to regularly put on shows implementing <a href="/wiki/Stanislavski%27s_system" title="Stanislavski's system">Stanislavski's system</a>, proved hugely influential in the acting world and in the development of modern American theatre and drama. </p><p>It was officially renamed the <b>Gorky Moscow Art Theatre</b> in 1932. In 1987, the theatre split into two <a href="/wiki/Theatre_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre company">troupes</a>, the <b>Chekhov Moscow Art Theatre</b> and the Gorky Moscow Art Theatre. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beginnings">Beginnings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Beginnings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the end of the 19th-century, Stanislavski and Nemirovich-Danchenko both wanted to reform Russian theatre to high-quality art that was available to the general public. They set about creating a private theatre over which they had total control (as opposed to trying to reform the government-operated <a href="/wiki/Maly_Theatre_(Moscow)" title="Maly Theatre (Moscow)">Maly Theatre</a>, a move which would have given them far less artistic freedom). On 22 June 1897, the two men met for the first time at the Slavyanski Bazar for a lunch that started at 2 PM and did not end until 8 AM the next morning.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their differences proved to be complementary, and they agreed to initially divide power over the theatre, with Nemirovich in charge of the literary decisions and Stanislavski in charge of all production decisions. Stanislavski interviewed all his actors, making sure they were hard working and devoted as well as talented. He made them live together in common housing for months at a time to foster community and trust, which he believed would raise the quality of their performances. Stanislavski's system, in which he trained actors via the acting studios he founded as part of the theatre, became central to every production the theatre put on.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The system played a huge influence in the development of <a href="/wiki/Method_acting" title="Method acting">method acting</a>. </p><p>Stanislavski and Danchenko's initial goal of having an “open theatre,” one that anyone could afford to attend, was quickly destroyed when they could neither obtain adequate funding from private investors, nor from the Moscow City Council.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Theatre's first season included works by <a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Konstantinovich_Tolstoy" title="Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy">Aleksey Tolstoy</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Tsar_Fyodor_Ioannovich" title="Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich">Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, but it wasn't until it staged <a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Anton Chekhov</a>'s four major works, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Art_Theatre_production_of_The_Seagull" title="Moscow Art Theatre production of The Seagull">its production of <i>The Seagull</i> in 1898</a>, with Stanislavski in the role of Trigorin, that the theatre achieved fame.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After Chekhov's death in 1904, the theatre experienced a huge changeover; Chekhov had envisioned fellow playwright and friend <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxim Gorki">Maxim Gorki</a> as his successor as the Theatre's leading dramatist, but Nemirovich and Stanislavski's reaction to his play <i><a href="/wiki/Summerfolk" title="Summerfolk">Summerfolk</a></i> was unenthusiastic, causing Gorki to leave. He took with him <a href="/wiki/Savva_Morozov" title="Savva Morozov">Savva Morozov</a>, one of the theatre's main investors at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Now in dire straits, the theatre decided to accept invitations to go on an international tour in 1906, which started in Berlin and included Dresden, Frankfurt, Prague, and Vienna. The tour was a huge success, gaining the theatre international acclaim. However, the sudden change in fortune did not completely quell the company's internal strife; Stanislavski appointed friends to the theatre's management without consulting Nemirovich and opened studios attached to the theatre where he began to implement his acting system, cementing Nemirovich's fears that the theatre was becoming a mere extension of Stanislavski's own ideas and work. The tension between the two led Stanislavski to abandon his duties as a board member and to relinquish all his power over policy decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The theatre continued to thrive after the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a> of 1917 and was one of the foremost state-supported theatres of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, with an extensive repertoire of leading Russian and Western playwrights. Although several revolutionary groups saw it as an irrelevant marker of pre-revolutionary culture, the theatre was initially granted support by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>, a frequent patron of the Art Theatre himself. <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov">Mikhail Bulgakov</a> wrote several plays for the MAT and satirised the organisation mercilessly in his <i><a href="/wiki/Theatrical_Novel" title="Theatrical Novel">Theatrical Novel</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Babel" title="Isaac Babel">Isaac Babel</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Sunset_(play)" title="Sunset (play)">Sunset</a></i> was also performed there during the 1920s. A significant number of Moscow Art Theatre's actors were awarded the prestigious title of <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Artist_of_the_USSR" title="People's Artist of the USSR">People's Artist of the USSR</a>. Many actors became nationally known and admired thanks to their film roles. However, the Civil War saw many of the theatre's actors being cut off from Moscow, and the support it received from the government diminished under Lenin's <a href="/wiki/New_Economic_Policy" title="New Economic Policy">New Economic Policy</a>. The subsidies it had come to rely on were withdrawn and the theatre was forced to survive on its own profits. By 1923, the MAT was in $25,000 debt.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The theatre experienced further blows through the end of the 1930s. Stanislavski's heart attack onstage during a production of <i><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(play)" title="Three Sisters (play)">Three Sisters</a></i> in 1928 led to his almost complete withdrawal from the theatre, while the Stalinist climate began to suppress artistic expression and controlled more and more what could be performed. A "red director" was appointed to the management by the government to ensure that the MAT's activities were not counter-revolutionary and that they served the Communist cause. As Russia began a period of rapid industrialization, so too was the MAT encouraged to increase production at the expense of quality, with more and more hastily produced plays going up each season. Plays had to be officially approved, and the Theatre's artistic integrity started to decline.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The theatre was officially renamed The Gorky Moscow Art Theatre in 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Desperate not to lose support, Stanislavski tried to appease Stalin by accepting his political limitations on what could be performed while retaining his devotion to naturalistic theatre. As a result, the mid-20th century incarnation of the Moscow Art Theatre took a stylistic turn towards <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Realism">Socialist Realism</a>, which would affect its productions for decades.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It was not until autumn of 1970 that <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Yefremov" title="Oleg Yefremov">Oleg Yefremov</a>, an actor, producer, and former student of the Moscow Art Theatre Studios who wanted Russia to once again be a major contender in the theatre world, took over control of the theatre and began to reform it. By the time he arrived to save it, the company was made up of only 150 actors, many of whom were out of practice. Yefremov began to reinstate Stanislavski's traditions, including emphasizing the importance of the studio and of the system, as well as interviewing every single candidate with special emphasis and attention placed on work ethic.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1987, the theatre split into two troupes: the Chekhov Moscow Art Theatre (artistic director <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Yefremov" title="Oleg Yefremov">Oleg Yefremov</a>) and the Gorky Moscow Art Theatre (artistic director <a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Doronina" title="Tatiana Doronina">Tatiana Doronina</a>). </p><p>In 2024 the Moscow Art Theater School is one of the leading Russian universities in the art of drama and more. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artistic_directors">Artistic directors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Artistic directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moskvin,_Stanislavsky,_Chaliapin,_Kachaloc,_Sorine_1923.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Moskvin%2C_Stanislavsky%2C_Chaliapin%2C_Kachaloc%2C_Sorine_1923.jpg/300px-Moskvin%2C_Stanislavsky%2C_Chaliapin%2C_Kachaloc%2C_Sorine_1923.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Moskvin%2C_Stanislavsky%2C_Chaliapin%2C_Kachaloc%2C_Sorine_1923.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="271" /></a><figcaption>From left to right: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Moskvin" title="Ivan Moskvin">Ivan Moskvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Stanislavski" title="Konstantin Stanislavski">Konstantin Stanislavski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Chaliapin" title="Feodor Chaliapin">Feodor Chaliapin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasili_Kachalov" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasili Kachalov">Vasili Kachalov</a>, Saveli Sorine, in the US in 1923.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Stanislavski" title="Konstantin Stanislavski">Konstantin Stanislavski</a> (artistic director until 1934) and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nemirovich-Danchenko" title="Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko">Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko</a> (executive director and later artistic director until his death in 1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Khmelyov" title="Nikolai Khmelyov">Nikolai Khmelyov</a> (artistic director since 1943 until his death in 1945) and <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Moskvin" title="Ivan Moskvin">Ivan Moskvin</a> (executive director since 1943 until his death in 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kedrov_(actor)" title="Mikhail Kedrov (actor)">Mikhail Kedrov</a> (since 1946 until 1949, then chief director until 1955 when the post was abolished)</li> <li>Artistic council of the theatre (since 1949 until 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Stanitsyn" title="Viktor Stanitsyn">Viktor Stanitsyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Livanov" title="Boris Livanov">Boris Livanov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kedrov_(actor)" title="Mikhail Kedrov (actor)">Mikhail Kedrov</a>, and Vladimir Bogomolov (since 1955 until 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Yefremov" title="Oleg Yefremov">Oleg Yefremov</a> (since 1970 until the troupe was split in 1987)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_actors">Notable actors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notable actors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Batalov" title="Aleksey Batalov">Aleksey Batalov</a> (1953–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serafima_Birman" title="Serafima Birman">Serafima Birman</a> (1911–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Bogatyryov" title="Yuri Bogatyryov">Yuri Bogatyryov</a> (1977–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Boleslawski" title="Richard Boleslawski">Richard Boleslawski</a> (1908–1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Chekhov" title="Michael Chekhov">Michael Chekhov</a> (1912–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Dikiy" title="Aleksei Dikiy">Aleksei Dikiy</a> (1910–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Dobronravov" title="Boris Dobronravov">Boris Dobronravov</a> (1918–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Doronina" title="Tatiana Doronina">Tatiana Doronina</a> (1972–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofya_Giatsintova" title="Sofya Giatsintova">Sofya Giatsintova</a> (1901–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kira_Golovko" title="Kira Golovko">Kira Golovko</a> (1938–1950, 1957–1985, 1994–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Gribov" title="Alexey Gribov">Alexey Gribov</a> (1924–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Kachalov" title="Vasily Kachalov">Vasily Kachalov</a> (1900–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kalyagin" title="Alexander Kalyagin">Alexander Kalyagin</a> (1971–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Khabensky" title="Konstantin Khabensky">Konstantin Khabensky</a> (since 2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeniya_Khanayeva" title="Yevgeniya Khanayeva">Yevgeniya Khanayeva</a> (1947–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Khmelyov" title="Nikolai Khmelyov">Nikolai Khmelyov</a> (1924–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Knipper" title="Olga Knipper">Olga Knipper</a> (1898–1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alisa_Koonen" title="Alisa Koonen">Alisa Koonen</a> (1906–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoli_Ktorov" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatoli Ktorov">Anatoli Ktorov</a> (1933–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatyana_Lavrova" title="Tatyana Lavrova">Tatyana Lavrova</a> (1959–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Leonidov" title="Leonid Leonidov">Leonid Leonidov</a> (1903–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Livanov" title="Boris Livanov">Boris Livanov</a> (1924–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Meyerhold" title="Vsevolod Meyerhold">Vsevolod Meyerhold</a> (1898–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irina_Miroshnichenko" title="Irina Miroshnichenko">Irina Miroshnichenko</a> (since 1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Moskvin" title="Ivan Moskvin">Ivan Moskvin</a> (1898–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Myagkov" title="Andrey Myagkov">Andrey Myagkov</a> (1977–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Nevinny" title="Vyacheslav Nevinny">Vyacheslav Nevinny</a> (1959–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Plotnikov" title="Boris Plotnikov">Boris Plotnikov</a> (2002–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alla_Pokrovskaya" title="Alla Pokrovskaya">Alla Pokrovskaya</a> (2004–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Alekseyevich_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrei Alekseyevich Popov">Andrei Popov</a> (1973–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Prudkin" title="Mark Prudkin">Mark Prudkin</a> (1924–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Sanayev" title="Vsevolod Sanayev">Vsevolod Sanayev</a> (1937–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iya_Savvina" title="Iya Savvina">Iya Savvina</a> (1977–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innokenty_Smoktunovsky" title="Innokenty Smoktunovsky">Innokenty Smoktunovsky</a> (1976–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Stanitsyn" title="Viktor Stanitsyn">Viktor Stanitsyn</a> (1924–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_Stepanova" title="Angelina Stepanova">Angelina Stepanova</a> (1924–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Tabakov" title="Oleg Tabakov">Oleg Tabakov</a> (1983–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alla_Tarasova" title="Alla Tarasova">Alla Tarasova</a> (1924–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Tarkhanov_(actor)" title="Mikhail Tarkhanov (actor)">Mikhail Tarkhanov</a> (1922–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akim_Tamiroff" title="Akim Tamiroff">Akim Tamiroff</a> (?–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalya_Tenyakova" title="Natalya Tenyakova">Natalya Tenyakova</a> (since 1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Vakhtangov" title="Yevgeny Vakhtangov">Yevgeny Vakhtangov</a> (1911–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasiya_Vertinskaya" title="Anastasiya Vertinskaya">Anastasiya Vertinskaya</a> (1980–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Yanshin" title="Mikhail Yanshin">Mikhail Yanshin</a> (1924–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Yefremov" title="Oleg Yefremov">Oleg Yefremov</a> (1970–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Yevstigneyev" title="Yevgeny Yevstigneyev">Yevgeny Yevstigneyev</a> (1971–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasia_Zuyeva_(actress)" title="Anastasia Zuyeva (actress)">Anastasia Zuyeva</a> (1924–1986)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_productions">List of productions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: List of productions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_productions_directed_by_Konstantin_Stanislavski" title="List of productions directed by Konstantin Stanislavski">List of productions directed by Konstantin Stanislavski</a></div> <p>What follows is a full chronological list of MAT productions<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maurice_de_Maeterlinck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Maurice_de_Maeterlinck.jpg/170px-Maurice_de_Maeterlinck.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Maurice_de_Maeterlinck.jpg/255px-Maurice_de_Maeterlinck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Maurice_de_Maeterlinck.jpg/340px-Maurice_de_Maeterlinck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>Playwright Maurice Maeterlinck, whose play <a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Bird_(play)" title="The Blue Bird (play)">The Blue Bird</a>, made its worldwide debut at the theatre</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1898">1898</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1898"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsar_Fyodor_Ioannovich" title="Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich">Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Konstantinovich_Tolstoy" title="Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy">Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sunken_Bell" title="The Sunken Bell">The Sunken Bell</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice" title="The Merchant of Venice">The Merchant of Venice</a>, by <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seagull" title="The Seagull">The Seagull</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Anton Chekhov</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1899">1899</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1899"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antigone_(Sophocles_play)" title="Antigone (Sophocles play)">Antigone</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedda_Gabler" title="Hedda Gabler">Hedda Gabler</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Ivan_the_Terrible" title="The Death of Ivan the Terrible">The Death of Ivan the Terrible</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Konstantinovich_Tolstoy" title="Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy">Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night" title="Twelfth Night">Twelfth Night</a>, by <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drayman_Henschel" title="Drayman Henschel">Drayman Henschel</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Vanya" title="Uncle Vanya">Uncle Vanya</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Anton Chekhov</a></li> <li>Lonely People, by <a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Government_Inspector_by_Nikolai_Gogol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/The_Government_Inspector_by_Nikolai_Gogol.jpg/170px-The_Government_Inspector_by_Nikolai_Gogol.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/The_Government_Inspector_by_Nikolai_Gogol.jpg/255px-The_Government_Inspector_by_Nikolai_Gogol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/The_Government_Inspector_by_Nikolai_Gogol.jpg/340px-The_Government_Inspector_by_Nikolai_Gogol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1330" data-file-height="1890" /></a><figcaption>A Russian Stamp depicting <a href="/wiki/The_Government_Inspector" title="The Government Inspector">The Government Inspector</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Gogol" title="Nikolai Gogol">Nikolai Gogol</a>, which played at MAT</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1900">1900</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1900"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Snow_Maiden_(play)" title="The Snow Maiden (play)">The Snow Maiden</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ostrovsky" title="Alexander Ostrovsky">Alexander Ostrovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Enemy_of_the_People" title="An Enemy of the People">An Enemy of the People</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/When_We_Dead_Awaken" title="When We Dead Awaken">When We Dead Awaken</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1901">1901</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1901"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(play)" title="Three Sisters (play)">Three Sisters</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Anton Chekhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wild_Duck" title="The Wild Duck">The Wild Duck</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a></li> <li>Michael Kramer, by <a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a></li> <li>In my Dreams, by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nemirovich-Danchenko" title="Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko">Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1902">1902</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1902"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Philistines" title="The Philistines">The Philistines</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Maxim Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_Darkness" title="The Power of Darkness">The Power of Darkness</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lower_Depths" title="The Lower Depths">The Lower Depths</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Maxim Gorky</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1903">1903</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1903"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Pillars_of_Society" title="The Pillars of Society">The Pillars of Society</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(play)" title="Julius Caesar (play)">Julius Caesar</a>, by <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1904">1904</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1904"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Cherry_Orchard" title="The Cherry Orchard">The Cherry Orchard</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Anton Chekhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanov_(play)" title="Ivanov (play)">Ivanov</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Anton Chekhov</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1905">1905</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1905"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_Sun_(play)" title="Children of the Sun (play)">Children of the Sun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Maxim Gorky</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Cherry_Orchard_MAT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Cherry_Orchard_MAT.jpg/170px-The_Cherry_Orchard_MAT.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Cherry_Orchard_MAT.jpg/255px-The_Cherry_Orchard_MAT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Cherry_Orchard_MAT.jpg/340px-The_Cherry_Orchard_MAT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>A scene from <a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhovs</a> The Cherry Orchard</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1906">1906</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1906"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woe_from_Wit" title="Woe from Wit">Woe from Wit</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Griboyedov" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksander Griboyedov">Aleksander Griboyedov</a> (reproduced in 1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand_(play)" title="Brand (play)">Brand</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1907">1907</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1907"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Godunov_(play)" title="Boris Godunov (play)">Boris Godunov</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Alexander Pushkin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1908">1908</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 1908"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Bird_(play)" title="The Blue Bird (play)">The Blue Bird</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maurice Maeterlinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Government_Inspector" title="The Government Inspector">The Government Inspector</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Gogol" title="Nikolai Gogol">Nikolai Gogol</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1909">1909</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 1909"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>At the Gate of the Kingdom, by <a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Knut Hamsun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Month_in_the_Country_(play)" title="A Month in the Country (play)">A Month in the Country</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev">Ivan Turgenev</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1910">1910</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 1910"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enough_Stupidity_in_Every_Wise_Man" title="Enough Stupidity in Every Wise Man">Enough Stupidity in Every Wise Man</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ostrovsky" title="Alexander Ostrovsky">Alexander Ostrovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Brothers_Karamazov" title="The Brothers Karamazov">The Brothers Karamazov</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoyevsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyodor Dostoyevsky">Fyodor Dostoyevsky</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1911">1911</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 1911"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Living_Corpse" title="The Living Corpse">The Living Corpse</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a>, by <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1912">1912</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 1912"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortune%27s_Fool_(1848_play)" title="Fortune's Fool (1848 play)">Fortune's Fool</a>, <a href="/wiki/A_Provincial_Lady" title="A Provincial Lady">A Provincial Lady</a> and It Tears Where It is Thin, by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev">Ivan Turgenev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_Gynt" title="Peer Gynt">Peer Gynt</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1913">1913</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 1913"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Forced Marriage and <a href="/wiki/The_Imaginary_Invalid" title="The Imaginary Invalid">The Imaginary Invalid</a> by <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1914">1914</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 1914"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Mistress_of_the_Inn" title="The Mistress of the Inn">The Mistress of the Inn</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Goldoni" title="Carlo Goldoni">Carlo Goldoni</a></li> <li>Pasukhin's Death, by <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Saltykov-Shchedrin" title="Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin">Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1915">1915</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 1915"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Guest_(play)" title="The Stone Guest (play)">The Stone Guest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozart_and_Salieri_(play)" title="Mozart and Salieri (play)">Mozart and Salieri</a> and A Feast in Time of Plague, by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Alexander Pushkin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1916–17"><span id="1916.E2.80.9317"></span>1916–17</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 1916–17"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Village_of_Stepanchikovo" title="The Village of Stepanchikovo">The Village of Stepanchikovo</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoyevsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyodor Dostoyevsky">Fyodor Dostoyevsky</a></li></ul> <p>Note: When more than one play is listed on the same line, it means that they were produced and performed together. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Art_Theatre_production_of_The_Seagull" title="Moscow Art Theatre production of The Seagull">MAT production of <i>The Seagull</i> (1898)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Art_Theatre_production_of_Hamlet" title="Moscow Art Theatre production of Hamlet">MAT production of <i>Hamlet</i> (1911–12)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_Six_Theater_Company" title="Studio Six Theater Company">Studio Six Theater Company</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benedetti (1991)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gauss (1999)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benedetti (1991)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benedetti (1991)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benedetti (1991)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Magarshack (1950, 383).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smeliansky (1999)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Московский Художественный Театр, Государственное Издательство Изобразительного Искусства, Москва – 1955</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Banham, Martin, ed. 1998. <i>The Cambridge Guide to Theatre.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43437-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43437-8">0-521-43437-8</a>.</li> <li>Benedetti, Jean. 1991. <i>The Moscow Art Theatre Letters</i>. New York: Routledge.</li> <li>Benedetti, Jean. 1999. <i>Stanislavski: His Life and Art</i>. Revised edition. Original edition published in 1988. London: Methuen. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-413-52520-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-413-52520-1">0-413-52520-1</a>.</li> <li>Braun, Edward. 1982. "Stanislavsky and <a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a>". <i>The Director and the Stage: From Naturalism to Grotowski</i>. London: Methuen. 59–76. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-413-46300-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-413-46300-1">0-413-46300-1</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov">Bulgakov, Mikhail</a>. 1996. <i>Black Snow: Theatrical Novel</i>. Trans. Michael Glenny. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1967. London: Collins-Harvill, 1986, 1991, 1996.</li> <li>Gauss, Rebecca B. 1999. <i>Lear's Daughters</i>. New York: Peter Lang.</li> <li>Magarshack, David. 1950. <i>Stanislavsky: A Life.</i> London and Boston: Faber, 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-13791-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-13791-1">0-571-13791-1</a>.</li> <li>Smeliansky, Anatoly. 1999. <i>The Russian Theatre After Stalin</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Stanislavski" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantin Stanislavski">Stanislavski, Constantin</a>. 1938. <i>An Actor’s Work: A Student’s Diary.</i> Trans. and ed. Jean Benedetti. London: Routledge, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-42223-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-42223-9">978-0-415-42223-9</a>.</li> <li>Whyman, Rose. 2008. <i>The Stanislavsky System of Acting: Legacy and Influence in Modern Performance.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge UP. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88696-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88696-3">978-0-521-88696-3</a>.</li> <li>Worrall, Nick. 1996. <i>The Moscow Art Theatre.</i> Theatre Production Studies ser. London and NY: Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-05598-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-05598-9">0-415-05598-9</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Art_Theatre&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Moscow_Art_Theatre" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Moscow Art Theatre">Moscow Art Theatre</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mxat.ru/english">Official website of the Chekhov Moscow Art Theatre</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mxat-teatr.ru">Official website of the Gorky Moscow Art Theatre</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCa_Eob57tq7_OSRE0o-eNoA"><span class="plainlinks">Chekhov Moscow Art Theatre</span>'s channel</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_channel_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube channel (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.actors-studio.com/history/mat.html">"The Moscow Art Theatre: A Model"</a>, a 1917 article by N. Ostrovsky.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wnyc.org/series/seminars-in-drama-moscow-art-theatre">Victor Manyukov, Vladimir Prokofyev, Angelina Stepanova, and Vasily Toporkov discuss the Moscow Art Theatre and working with Stanislavski at a 1964 Symposium in New York City</a>. Listen at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wnyc.org/archives">The WNYC Archives</a>.</li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Moscow_Art_Theatre&params=55_45_36_N_37_36_48_E_region:RU_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°45′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">37°36′48″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840812#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840812#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control 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