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class="link-container align-center" href="https://advertising.amazon.com/register?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_4b_rgstr_c" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-c2edcfdf-afd2-499f-9631-909cabb001ae"><div class="container padding-left-xlarge padding-right-xlarge a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="image align-center lazy"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/AdProductsWebsite/images/pageElements/Icons/Royal2x/Multi-device_Royal2x._BL10_FMwebp_._TTW_.png" data-src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/AdProductsWebsite/images/pageElements/Icons/Royal2x/Multi-device_Royal2x._TTW_.png" alt="Register for amazon ads" title="Register for amazon ads" height="256" width="256" style="height:auto;border-radius:16px"></div></div></a><div class="container padding-bottom-mini a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%;margin-top:-20px"><a class="link-container align-center" href="https://advertising.amazon.com/register?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_4b_rgstr_c" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-c2edcfdf-afd2-499f-9631-909cabb001ae"></a><div class="align-start "><a class="link-container align-center" href="https://advertising.amazon.com/register?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_4b_rgstr_c" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-c2edcfdf-afd2-499f-9631-909cabb001ae"></a><a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/register?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_4b_rgstr_c" class="link link-type-button-secondary size-xxx-small" data-event-component-tag="link-40e2817f-8e87-4860-9052-d0ebb4d7e8bc" data-use-url-params="false" data-link-behavior="currentTab">Register for Amazon Ads<svg width="20px" height="20px" viewbox="0 0 20 19" fill="" class="icon icon-arrow-link"><g xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="Buttons" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"><g id="buttonStyling" transform="translate(-546.000000, -1221.000000)" stroke="#232F3F" stroke-width="2"><g id="arrowLinkSmall" transform="translate(547.000000, 1222.000000)"><polyline id="Path-2" stroke-linejoin="round" transform="translate(10.800000, 8.228571) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-10.800000, -8.228571) " points="7.71428571 6.68571429 10.8 9.77142857 13.8857143 6.68571429"></polyline><line x1="6.17142857" y1="14.4" x2="6.17142857" y2="2.05714286" id="Path-2-Copy" stroke-linejoin="round" transform="translate(6.171429, 8.228571) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-6.171429, -8.228571) "></line><path d="M2.72119538,12.4740161 C4.16167528,14.861031 6.78015598,16.4571429 9.77142857,16.4571429 C14.3159431,16.4571429 18,12.7730859 18,8.22857143 C18,3.68405692 14.3159431,0 9.77142857,0 C6.75626011,0 4.11986345,1.6217149 2.68689937,4.04048393" id="Path"></path></g></g></g></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--xtra-small">Start using Amazon Ads to display your products and create campaigns.</p></div></div></div><div class="container background-color-white border-color-squid-dark border-radius-16px padding-left-mini padding-right-mini padding-top-mini a20m box-shadow border-type-solid background-color-white desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class=" a20m-column column column--default"><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div title="https://advertising.amazon.com/solutions/products/sponsored-products?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_4b_p_sp_c" class="align-center"><a class="link-container align-center" href="https://advertising.amazon.com/solutions/products/sponsored-products?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_4b_p_sp_c" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-23bb8b7d-0fd2-420e-807c-7d7543ff4abe"><div class="container padding-left-xlarge padding-right-xlarge a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="image align-center lazy"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/AdProductsWebsite/images/pageElements/Icons/Royal2x/Certification_Royal2x._BL10_FMwebp_._TTW_.png" data-src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/AdProductsWebsite/images/pageElements/Icons/Royal2x/Certification_Royal2x._TTW_.png" alt="Sponsored products" title="Sponsored products" height="256" width="256" style="height:auto;border-radius:16px"></div></div></a><div class="container padding-bottom-mini a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%;margin-top:-20px"><a class="link-container align-center" href="https://advertising.amazon.com/solutions/products/sponsored-products?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_4b_p_sp_c" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-23bb8b7d-0fd2-420e-807c-7d7543ff4abe"></a><div class="align-start "><a class="link-container align-center" href="https://advertising.amazon.com/solutions/products/sponsored-products?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_4b_p_sp_c" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-23bb8b7d-0fd2-420e-807c-7d7543ff4abe"></a><a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/solutions/products/sponsored-products?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_4b_p_sp_c" class="link link-type-button-secondary size-xxx-small" data-event-component-tag="link-52777b54-ca4e-4813-abd5-eb610b9d67fa" data-use-url-params="false" data-link-behavior="currentTab">Try Sponsored Products<svg width="20px" height="20px" viewbox="0 0 20 19" fill="" class="icon icon-arrow-link"><g xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="Buttons" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"><g id="buttonStyling" transform="translate(-546.000000, -1221.000000)" stroke="#232F3F" stroke-width="2"><g id="arrowLinkSmall" transform="translate(547.000000, 1222.000000)"><polyline id="Path-2" stroke-linejoin="round" transform="translate(10.800000, 8.228571) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-10.800000, -8.228571) " points="7.71428571 6.68571429 10.8 9.77142857 13.8857143 6.68571429"></polyline><line x1="6.17142857" y1="14.4" x2="6.17142857" y2="2.05714286" id="Path-2-Copy" stroke-linejoin="round" transform="translate(6.171429, 8.228571) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-6.171429, -8.228571) "></line><path d="M2.72119538,12.4740161 C4.16167528,14.861031 6.78015598,16.4571429 9.77142857,16.4571429 C14.3159431,16.4571429 18,12.7730859 18,8.22857143 C18,3.68405692 14.3159431,0 9.77142857,0 C6.75626011,0 4.11986345,1.6217149 2.68689937,4.04048393" id="Path"></path></g></g></g></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--xtra-small">Create cost-per-click ads to help customers find your products on Amazon.</p></div></div></div><div class="container background-color-white border-color-squid-dark border-radius-16px padding-left-mini padding-right-mini padding-top-mini a20m box-shadow border-type-solid background-color-white desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class=" a20m-column column column--default"><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div title="https://advertising.amazon.com/contact-sales?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_cntctsls_4b_c" class="align-center"><a class="link-container align-center" href="https://advertising.amazon.com/contact-sales?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_cntctsls_4b_c" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-80af8eb4-7db6-4509-8d4c-4fe89925c18f"><div class="container padding-left-xlarge padding-right-xlarge a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="image align-center lazy"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/AdProductsWebsite/images/pageElements/Icons/Royal2x/User-interaction_Royal2x._BL10_FMwebp_._TTW_.png" data-src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/AdProductsWebsite/images/pageElements/Icons/Royal2x/User-interaction_Royal2x._TTW_.png" alt="Contact us" title="Contact us" height="256" width="256" style="height:auto;border-radius:16px"></div></div></a><div class="container padding-bottom-mini a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%;margin-top:-20px"><a class="link-container align-center" href="https://advertising.amazon.com/contact-sales?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_cntctsls_4b_c" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-80af8eb4-7db6-4509-8d4c-4fe89925c18f"></a><div class="align-start "><a class="link-container align-center" href="https://advertising.amazon.com/contact-sales?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_cntctsls_4b_c" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-80af8eb4-7db6-4509-8d4c-4fe89925c18f"></a><a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/contact-sales?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_4b_cntct_c" class="link link-type-button-secondary size-xxx-small" data-event-component-tag="link-404449d8-f07b-42ad-bf1f-0c860a613c38" data-use-url-params="false" data-link-behavior="currentTab">Contact us<svg width="20px" height="20px" viewbox="0 0 20 19" fill="" class="icon icon-arrow-link"><g xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="Buttons" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"><g id="buttonStyling" transform="translate(-546.000000, -1221.000000)" stroke="#232F3F" stroke-width="2"><g id="arrowLinkSmall" transform="translate(547.000000, 1222.000000)"><polyline id="Path-2" stroke-linejoin="round" transform="translate(10.800000, 8.228571) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-10.800000, -8.228571) " points="7.71428571 6.68571429 10.8 9.77142857 13.8857143 6.68571429"></polyline><line x1="6.17142857" y1="14.4" x2="6.17142857" y2="2.05714286" id="Path-2-Copy" stroke-linejoin="round" transform="translate(6.171429, 8.228571) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-6.171429, -8.228571) "></line><path d="M2.72119538,12.4740161 C4.16167528,14.861031 6.78015598,16.4571429 9.77142857,16.4571429 C14.3159431,16.4571429 18,12.7730859 18,8.22857143 C18,3.68405692 14.3159431,0 9.77142857,0 C6.75626011,0 4.11986345,1.6217149 2.68689937,4.04048393" id="Path"></path></g></g></g></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--xtra-small">If you have limited experience, contact us to request services managed by Amazon Ads. Budget minimums apply.</p></div></div></div><div class="container background-color-white border-color-squid-dark border-radius-16px padding-left-mini padding-right-mini padding-top-mini a20m box-shadow border-type-solid background-color-white desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class=" a20m-column column column--default"><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div title="https://advertising.amazon.com/solutions/products/sponsored-brands?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_p_sb_4b_c" class="align-center"><a class="link-container align-center" href="https://advertising.amazon.com/solutions/products/sponsored-brands?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_p_sb_4b_c" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-7dd4211c-b1ea-4c3a-a60b-f501f30d187d"><div class="container padding-left-xlarge padding-right-xlarge a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="image align-center lazy"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/AdProductsWebsite/images/pageElements/Icons/Royal2x/Browsing_Royal2x._BL10_FMwebp_._TTW_.png" data-src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/AdProductsWebsite/images/pageElements/Icons/Royal2x/Browsing_Royal2x._TTW_.png" alt="Webinar budgets and bids" title="Webinar budgets and bids" height="256" width="256" style="height:auto;border-radius:16px"></div></div></a><div class="container padding-bottom-mini a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%;margin-top:-20px"><a class="link-container align-center" href="https://advertising.amazon.com/solutions/products/sponsored-brands?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_p_sb_4b_c" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-7dd4211c-b1ea-4c3a-a60b-f501f30d187d"></a><div class="align-start "><a class="link-container align-center" href="https://advertising.amazon.com/solutions/products/sponsored-brands?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_p_sb_4b_c" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-7dd4211c-b1ea-4c3a-a60b-f501f30d187d"></a><a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/solutions/products/sponsored-brands?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_4b_p_sb_c" class="link link-type-button-secondary size-xxx-small" data-event-component-tag="link-c7572468-6f19-4933-beb7-b35c02ac0f8b" data-use-url-params="false" data-link-behavior="currentTab">Try Sponsored Brands<svg width="20px" height="20px" viewbox="0 0 20 19" fill="" class="icon icon-arrow-link"><g xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="Buttons" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"><g id="buttonStyling" transform="translate(-546.000000, -1221.000000)" stroke="#232F3F" stroke-width="2"><g id="arrowLinkSmall" transform="translate(547.000000, 1222.000000)"><polyline id="Path-2" stroke-linejoin="round" transform="translate(10.800000, 8.228571) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-10.800000, -8.228571) " points="7.71428571 6.68571429 10.8 9.77142857 13.8857143 6.68571429"></polyline><line x1="6.17142857" y1="14.4" x2="6.17142857" y2="2.05714286" id="Path-2-Copy" stroke-linejoin="round" transform="translate(6.171429, 8.228571) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-6.171429, -8.228571) "></line><path d="M2.72119538,12.4740161 C4.16167528,14.861031 6.78015598,16.4571429 9.77142857,16.4571429 C14.3159431,16.4571429 18,12.7730859 18,8.22857143 C18,3.68405692 14.3159431,0 9.77142857,0 C6.75626011,0 4.11986345,1.6217149 2.68689937,4.04048393" id="Path"></path></g></g></g></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--xtra-small">Help customers discover your brand and products with creative ads that appear in relevant Amazon shopping results.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="spacer"></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class=" a20m-column column column--default"><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--medium">When it comes to advertising and marketing, return on ad spend (ROAS) is one of, if not the, most important <a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/blog/marketing-metrics?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_blg_mktgmtrcs_c">marketing metrics</a> to consider when assessing your ad campaign and your <a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/library/guides/advertising-budget?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_gd_advbdgt_c">advertising budget</a>. And considering that most businesses are scrutinizing profit margins and each dollar spent on advertising efforts, ROAS is more important than ever. In short, ROAS determines a marketing campaign’s effectiveness, which is measured by the earned revenue for each dollar spent on advertising. In this guide, we’ll review the particulars of ROAS, how to calculate it, what a “high ROAS” looks like, and how it differs from other <a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/library/guides/objectives-and-key-results?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_gd_okr_c">objectives and key results (OKRs)</a> like return on investment (ROI) and <a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/library/guides/acos-advertising-cost-of-sales?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_gd_acos_c">advertising cost of sales (ACOS)</a>.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="completeGuideDekstopTemplate" style="width:100%"><div class=" columns-wrapper a20m-columns-wrapper"><div class="a20m-columns-container columns-container columns-container--single columns-container--limit-width columns-container--desktop "><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="container padding-left-large a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:25%"><div class=" a20m-column column column--default"><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><p class="text align-start color-dark text--word-break--normal text-size--medium"><strong>Jump to:</strong></p></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div title="#a1" class="align-start"><a class="link-container align-start" href="#a1" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-6854e6d8-fafc-4a48-8d4a-d4ba6ce2f559"></a><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><a class="link-container align-start" href="#a1" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-6854e6d8-fafc-4a48-8d4a-d4ba6ce2f559"></a><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--normal"><a class="link-container align-start" href="#a1" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-6854e6d8-fafc-4a48-8d4a-d4ba6ce2f559"></a><a href="#a1">What is ROAS?</a></p></div></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div title="#a2" class="align-start"><a class="link-container align-start" href="#a2" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-98d7e8f4-0b2d-416c-a8f5-fcfe1f413cc6"></a><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><a class="link-container align-start" href="#a2" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-98d7e8f4-0b2d-416c-a8f5-fcfe1f413cc6"></a><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--normal"><a class="link-container align-start" href="#a2" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-98d7e8f4-0b2d-416c-a8f5-fcfe1f413cc6"></a><a href="#a2">How do you calculate ROAS?</a></p></div></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div title="#a3" class="align-start"><a class="link-container align-start" href="#a3" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-a74813c3-f89e-419a-97b0-a6e84e1062bf"></a><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><a class="link-container align-start" href="#a3" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-a74813c3-f89e-419a-97b0-a6e84e1062bf"></a><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--normal"><a class="link-container align-start" href="#a3" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-a74813c3-f89e-419a-97b0-a6e84e1062bf"></a><a href="#a3">Why is ROAS important?</a></p></div></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div title="#a4" class="align-start"><a class="link-container align-start" href="#a4" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-a62ffa3e-ce06-4797-8744-a46ae57303c1"></a><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><a class="link-container align-start" href="#a4" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-a62ffa3e-ce06-4797-8744-a46ae57303c1"></a><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--normal"><a class="link-container align-start" href="#a4" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-a62ffa3e-ce06-4797-8744-a46ae57303c1"></a><a href="#a4">What is a successful ROAS?</a></p></div></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div title="#a5" class="align-start"><a class="link-container align-start" href="#a5" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-a74813c3-f89e-419a-97b0-a6e84e1062bf"></a><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><a class="link-container align-start" href="#a5" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-a74813c3-f89e-419a-97b0-a6e84e1062bf"></a><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--normal"><a class="link-container align-start" href="#a5" data-event-component-tag="linkContainer-a74813c3-f89e-419a-97b0-a6e84e1062bf"></a><a href="#a5">How 2 brands increased ROAS with Amazon Ads</a></p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:75%"><div class="container padding-bottom-large a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="a1" style="width:100%"><div class=" columns-wrapper a20m-columns-wrapper"><div class="a20m-columns-container columns-container columns-container--single columns-container--full-width columns-container--desktop "><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question" class=" a20m-column column column--default" data-is-faq="true"><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:50%"><div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question" class=" a20m-column column column--default" data-is-faq="true"><div class="container padding-bottom-mini a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemprop="name"><h2 class="heading align-start color-normal heading-size--normal">What is return on ad spend (ROAS)?</h2></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="content"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--medium" itemprop="text">ROAS is a metric that shows the effectiveness of an advertising campaign by measuring revenue against the ad spend. ROAS can apply to any number of measurements, such as an individual campaign run across a short period of time or an annual assessment of an advertising campaign.</p></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="content"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--medium" itemprop="text">The distinguishing feature of ROAS, in contrast to other measurements like ROI or ACOS, is that ROAS measures a specific campaign and how its flight has theoretically impacted revenue. Calculating your ROAS can help inform how effective a campaign is and whether or not it’s beneficial to continue it.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:50%"><div class=" a20m-column column column--default"><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="image align-start lazy"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/AdProductsWebsite/images/refreshCreative/HeadersThumbnails/icons/IconsLayout278_Cost_Per_Click_Inverse_Neptune._BL10_FMwebp_._TTW_.jpg" data-src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/AdProductsWebsite/images/refreshCreative/HeadersThumbnails/icons/IconsLayout278_Cost_Per_Click_Inverse_Neptune._TTW_.jpg" alt="Return on ad spend (ROAS)" title="Return on ad spend (ROAS)" height="730" width="1092" style="height:auto;border-radius:16px"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="container padding-bottom-large a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="a2" style="width:100%"><div class=" columns-wrapper a20m-columns-wrapper"><div class="a20m-columns-container columns-container columns-container--single columns-container--full-width columns-container--desktop "><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question" class=" a20m-column column column--default" data-is-faq="true"><div class="container padding-bottom-mini a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemprop="name"><h2 class="heading align-start color-normal heading-size--normal">How do you calculate return on ad spend (ROAS)?</h2></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="content"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--medium" itemprop="text">Calculating ROAS is simple: The ROAS formula is the amount of revenue from an ad campaign, divided by the amount spent on the campaign itself. Tracking ROAS is an important <a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/library/guides/key-performance-indicator?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_gd_kpi_c">key performance indicator (KPI)</a> and can help inform whether a digital marketing campaign is working effectively or if a specific ad is performing to expectation</p></div></div></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question" class=" a20m-column column column--default" data-is-faq="true"><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="image align-start lazy"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/AdProductsWebsite/images/icons/brandEvo/Money_blue._SL100_FMwebp_._TTW_.png" data-src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/AdProductsWebsite/images/icons/brandEvo/Money_blue._TTW_.png" alt="ROAS vs. ROI" title="ROAS vs. ROI" height="259" width="259" style="height:100px;border-radius:16px"></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start color-normal heading-size--small">What is the difference between ROAS and ROI?</h3></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--medium">As noted above, ROAS is a return on a specific ad campaign. This means directly measuring an ad spend against a set revenue number during the same period. The difference between ROAS and return on investment (ROI) is that ROI is a bit more expansive in scope. While ROAS focuses on specific campaigns, ROI takes much more of advertising spends or total advertising cost into account. This could include bringing in an agency or a specific voice for the advertising plan. Both ROI and ROAS are calculated by dividing revenue by the investment or the ad spend, depending on which you’re calculating.</p></div></div></div><div class="container padding-top-small a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question" class=" a20m-column column column--default" data-is-faq="true"><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="image align-start lazy"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/AdProductsWebsite/images/icons/brandEvo/Financial-services_blue2x._SL100_FMwebp_._TTW_.png" data-src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/AdProductsWebsite/images/icons/brandEvo/Financial-services_blue2x._TTW_.png" alt="ROAS vs. ACOS" title="ROAS vs. ACOS" height="257" width="257" style="height:100px;border-radius:16px"></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemprop="name"><h3 class="heading align-start color-normal heading-size--small">What is the difference between ROAS and ACOS?</h3></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="content"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--medium" itemprop="text">Another commonly used metric in the advertising world is advertising cost of sales (ACOS). ROAS indicates how much you could anticipate earning from an ad campaign, and ACOS indicates the percentage of increase. Both are measuring the same results, but the two calculations present the information in slightly different formats. It can be useful to look at both, though, to get a comprehensive view of how your ad campaigns are performing.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="container padding-bottom-large a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="a3" style="width:100%"><div class=" columns-wrapper a20m-columns-wrapper"><div class="a20m-columns-container columns-container columns-container--single columns-container--full-width columns-container--desktop "><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question" class=" a20m-column column column--default" data-is-faq="true"><div class="container padding-bottom-mini a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemprop="name"><h2 class="heading align-start color-normal heading-size--normal">Why is ROAS important?</h2></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="content"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--medium" itemprop="text">ROAS is important because it’s a good indicator of what a brand should expect to earn from an ad campaign. It’s an early KPI that can help guide the efficiency of a campaign and set expectations for that campaign’s success. In the online retail business, monitoring ROAS can help improve digital marketing efforts and maintain spending as efficiently as possible.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="container padding-bottom-large a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="a4" style="width:100%"><div class=" columns-wrapper a20m-columns-wrapper"><div class="a20m-columns-container columns-container columns-container--single columns-container--full-width columns-container--desktop "><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question" class=" a20m-column column column--default" data-is-faq="true"><div class="container padding-bottom-mini a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemprop="name"><h2 class="heading align-start color-normal heading-size--normal">What is a successful ROAS?</h2></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="content"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--medium" itemprop="text">There are a number of variables that can come into play when determining ROAS and its efficacy, making it difficult to say what a specific benchmark of success would be. However, if you look at the figures that are produced, brands want as high of a ratio as possible. A 2:1 ROAS ratio as an average estimate would mean a brand is making $2 to every $1 of ad spend, which is a bit over the current industry average.<sup>1</sup> However, ideally, a brand would want their ROAS to be higher, closer to 3 or 4.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="a5" style="width:100%"><div class=" columns-wrapper a20m-columns-wrapper"><div class="a20m-columns-container columns-container columns-container--single columns-container--full-width columns-container--desktop "><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question" class=" a20m-column column column--default" data-is-faq="true"><div class="container padding-bottom-mini a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemprop="name"><h2 class="heading align-start color-normal heading-size--normal">How 2 brands increased ROAS with Amazon Ads</h2></div></div><div class="container padding-bottom-small a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="content"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--medium" itemprop="text">If your ROAS isn’t where you’d like it to be, that isn’t a need for panic. Assessing where your ad spend is going, how effective it is, and which approach you’re taking can help identify where the issue is. Sometimes, it’s as simple as shifting your focus from a wider array of products to just one. Or possibly shifting strategies to more specific approaches where the ROAS is already working well.</p></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--medium">Changing your brand’s ROAS doesn’t just happen overnight or at random. <a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/get-started?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_gsh_c">Amazon Ads has tools and services available</a> to help your brand better understand its industry, the landscape it’s working in, and the opportunities available to it. Below are examples of how two brands increased ROAS with the help of Amazon Ads.</p></div><div class="container border-radius-16px padding-left-small padding-right-small padding-top-small padding-bottom-small a20m box-shadow border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class=" a20m-column column column--default"><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><p class="text align-start color-royal text--word-break--normal text-size--small"><strong>Case Study</strong></p></div><div class="container padding-bottom-small a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="align-start "><a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/library/case-studies/midwest-homes-for-pets?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_cs_mwh4p_c" class="link link-type-button-secondary size-xxx-small" data-event-component-tag="link-0f4185fd-7d52-4312-9ba9-0fa8dc3b83ac" data-use-url-params="false" data-link-behavior="currentTab">MidWest Homes for Pets<svg width="20px" height="20px" viewbox="0 0 20 19" fill="" class="icon icon-arrow-link"><g xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="Buttons" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"><g id="buttonStyling" transform="translate(-546.000000, -1221.000000)" stroke="#232F3F" stroke-width="2"><g id="arrowLinkSmall" transform="translate(547.000000, 1222.000000)"><polyline id="Path-2" stroke-linejoin="round" transform="translate(10.800000, 8.228571) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-10.800000, -8.228571) " points="7.71428571 6.68571429 10.8 9.77142857 13.8857143 6.68571429"></polyline><line x1="6.17142857" y1="14.4" x2="6.17142857" y2="2.05714286" id="Path-2-Copy" stroke-linejoin="round" transform="translate(6.171429, 8.228571) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-6.171429, -8.228571) "></line><path d="M2.72119538,12.4740161 C4.16167528,14.861031 6.78015598,16.4571429 9.77142857,16.4571429 C14.3159431,16.4571429 18,12.7730859 18,8.22857143 C18,3.68405692 14.3159431,0 9.77142857,0 C6.75626011,0 4.11986345,1.6217149 2.68689937,4.04048393" id="Path"></path></g></g></g></svg></a></div></div><div class="container padding-bottom-mini a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--medium">Using <a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/solutions/products/amazon-attribution?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_p_attr_c">Amazon Attribution</a>, performance marketing firm <a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/library/case-studies/midwest-homes-for-pets?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_cs_mwh4p_c">Tinuiti wanted to help accelerate business growth for MidWest Homes for Pets</a>, which offers a complete line of dog crates, small-animal modular habitat systems, and birdcages, in addition to other pet enclosure systems, bedding, and related accessories. With an understanding of which publishers and product categories are driving the most sales on Amazon, the agency was able to optimize their client’s non-Amazon campaigns and bid more effectively on top-performing strategies.</p></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--medium">For example, realizing that the pet bed category was the most profitable and that one particular publisher was the highest performing, the agency was able to optimize their strategy to focus on the channel and tactics driving the most value for their client. By assessing the metrics found in the console—including aggregated Amazon sales, product detail page views, and “Add to Carts” by channel, together with MidWest Homes for Pets’ non-Amazon channel metrics, such as clicks, ad spend, and <a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/library/guides/cost-per-click?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_gd_cpc_c">cost per click (CPC)</a>—Tinuiti was able to create a unified view of performance. In doing so, MidWest Homes for Pets achieved a 32% increase in ROAS across those optimized placements.<sup>2</sup></p></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="image align-start lazy"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/a20m/Amazon_Library_Thumbnail._SL100_FMwebp_._TTW_.jpg" data-src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/a20m/Amazon_Library_Thumbnail._TTW_.jpg" alt="MidWest Homes for Pets" title="MidWest Homes for Pets" height="730" width="1092" style="height:500px;border-radius:16px"></div></div></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="spacer"></div></div><div class="container border-radius-16px padding-left-small padding-right-small padding-top-small padding-bottom-small a20m box-shadow border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class=" a20m-column column column--default"><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><p class="text align-start color-royal text--word-break--normal text-size--small"><strong>Case Study</strong></p></div><div class="container padding-bottom-mini a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="align-start "><a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/library/case-studies/loreal/?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_cs_lorl_c" class="link link-type-button-secondary size-xxx-small" data-event-component-tag="link-0f4185fd-7d52-4312-9ba9-0fa8dc3b83ac" data-use-url-params="false" data-link-behavior="currentTab">L’Oréal<svg width="20px" height="20px" viewbox="0 0 20 19" fill="" class="icon icon-arrow-link"><g xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="Buttons" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"><g id="buttonStyling" transform="translate(-546.000000, -1221.000000)" stroke="#232F3F" stroke-width="2"><g id="arrowLinkSmall" transform="translate(547.000000, 1222.000000)"><polyline id="Path-2" stroke-linejoin="round" transform="translate(10.800000, 8.228571) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-10.800000, -8.228571) " points="7.71428571 6.68571429 10.8 9.77142857 13.8857143 6.68571429"></polyline><line x1="6.17142857" y1="14.4" x2="6.17142857" y2="2.05714286" id="Path-2-Copy" stroke-linejoin="round" transform="translate(6.171429, 8.228571) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-6.171429, -8.228571) "></line><path d="M2.72119538,12.4740161 C4.16167528,14.861031 6.78015598,16.4571429 9.77142857,16.4571429 C14.3159431,16.4571429 18,12.7730859 18,8.22857143 C18,3.68405692 14.3159431,0 9.77142857,0 C6.75626011,0 4.11986345,1.6217149 2.68689937,4.04048393" id="Path"></path></g></g></g></svg></a></div></div><div class="container padding-bottom-mini a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--medium"><a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/library/case-studies/loreal/?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_cs_lorl_c">L’Oréal</a>, a global beauty brand, needed to make a splash. They were <a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/blog/how-to-create-your-new-product-launch-strategy?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_blg_prodlnch_c">launching a brand-new range of products</a> on Amazon.co.uk and wanted to drive awareness and sales. The new product was the Men’s Barber Club range, L’Oréal’s first grooming range inspired by barbers’ vast knowledge and expertise for the expert care of beards and mustaches.</p></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--medium">L’Oréal decided to employ their agency, iCrossing, to help drive traffic to this new product. L’Oréal outlined two objectives for iCrossing:</p></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><ul class="list list-style--default color-normal text-size--medium" start="1"><li class="">Increase awareness by reaching 1 million impressions from users not already engaged with the Barber Club range</li><li class="">Efficiently drive sales by achieving an overall ROAS of 280%</li></ul></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--medium">To increase awareness, iCrossing placed 40% of the budget on <a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/solutions/products/sponsored-brands?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_p_sb_c">Sponsored Brands</a> and high bids across generic terms like “beard trimmer.” Sponsored Brands can appear prominently at the top of Amazon’s results page and drive shoppers to a page featuring the brand’s products or their Store.</p></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--medium">The results were impressive, as a significant percentage of the overall sales for L’Oréal campaigns in Q4 came from the Barber Club’s sponsored ads campaigns. The overall ROAS for the campaigns was also significantly above their set goal of 280%.</p></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="image align-start lazy"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/AdProductsWebsite/images/CaseStudies/loreal_case_CB456124775_._SL100_FMwebp_._TTW_.jpg" data-src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/AdProductsWebsite/images/CaseStudies/loreal_case_CB456124775_._TTW_.jpg" alt="L’Oréal" title="L’Oréal" height="730" width="1092" style="height:500px;border-radius:16px"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="container padding-bottom-large a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class=" columns-wrapper a20m-columns-wrapper"><div class="a20m-columns-container columns-container columns-container--single columns-container--full-width columns-container--desktop "><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class=" a20m-column column column--default"><div class="container padding-bottom-xmini a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="align-start "><a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/register?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_bop_rgstr_c" class="link link-type-button-secondary size-x-small" data-event-component-tag="link-6d4876c5-c3a2-4c46-8117-5b0c7729bfb9" data-use-url-params="false" data-link-behavior="currentTab">Register for Amazon Ads<svg width="24px" height="24px" viewbox="0 0 20 19" fill="" class="icon icon-arrow-link"><g xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="Buttons" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"><g id="buttonStyling" transform="translate(-546.000000, -1221.000000)" stroke="#232F3F" stroke-width="2"><g id="arrowLinkSmall" transform="translate(547.000000, 1222.000000)"><polyline id="Path-2" stroke-linejoin="round" transform="translate(10.800000, 8.228571) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-10.800000, -8.228571) " points="7.71428571 6.68571429 10.8 9.77142857 13.8857143 6.68571429"></polyline><line x1="6.17142857" y1="14.4" x2="6.17142857" y2="2.05714286" id="Path-2-Copy" stroke-linejoin="round" transform="translate(6.171429, 8.228571) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-6.171429, -8.228571) "></line><path d="M2.72119538,12.4740161 C4.16167528,14.861031 6.78015598,16.4571429 9.77142857,16.4571429 C14.3159431,16.4571429 18,12.7730859 18,8.22857143 C18,3.68405692 14.3159431,0 9.77142857,0 C6.75626011,0 4.11986345,1.6217149 2.68689937,4.04048393" id="Path"></path></g></g></g></svg></a></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--normal">If you have limited experience, <a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/contact-sales?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_cntctsls_2b_bop_2_c">contact us to request services managed by Amazon Ads</a>. Budget minimums apply.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="container a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class=" a20m-column column column--default"><div class="container padding-left-mini padding-right-mini padding-top-mini padding-bottom-mini a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><p class="text align-start color-normal text--word-break--normal text-size--small"><sup>1</sup> Nielsen, US, Benchmarking Return on Ad Spend<br><sup>2 </sup><a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/library/case-studies/midwest-homes-for-pets?ref_=a20m_us_lbr_gd_roas_cs_mwh4p_c">Amazon internal data</a>, US, 2021</p></div><div class="container padding-bottom-xmini a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div id="recommended-for-you-widget-355f74ce-2410-4e37-87d6-19cfb38de646" data-hide-title="false"></div></div><div class="container padding-top-small a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div id="a20m-feedback-static-tab-container-5632bdd4-d842-4a0c-8b22-1c691f0abdf3"></div></div><div class="container padding-top-small a20m border-type-none background-color-transparent desktop" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="share-container" data-ref-tag="a20m_us_blg" data-event-component-tag="social-share-7ddf9b7f-2f63-400a-80cb-f261b5e73a39"><ul class="share-list"><li class="share-list__item"><a title="Share on Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="social-share-link"><svg width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 448 512" fill="currentColor" class="icon icon-facebook"><title>Facebook</title><path d="M448 80v352c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48h-85.3V302.8h60.6l8.7-67.6h-69.3V192c0-19.6 5.4-32.9 33.5-32.9H384V98.7c-6.2-.8-27.4-2.7-52.2-2.7-51.6 0-87 31.5-87 89.4v49.9H184v67.6h60.9V480H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V80c0-26.5 21.5-48 48-48h352c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="share-list__item"><a title="Share on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/home?status=" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="social-share-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="23" viewbox="0 0 21.5 21.5" fill="none"><title>twitter</title><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M2 0C0.895431 0 0 0.89543 0 2V19C0 20.1046 0.89543 21 2 21H19C20.1046 21 21 20.1046 21 19V2C21 0.895431 20.1046 0 19 0H2ZM8.95142 11.2032L3.5037 3.93902L3.50218 3.9375H7.7008L11.2718 8.69944L15.6923 3.9375H16.9262L11.8234 9.43601L17.5781 17.1094H13.3795L9.50151 11.9382L4.70266 17.1094H3.46875L8.95142 11.2032ZM7.24645 4.84533H5.31809L13.8354 16.2031H15.7637L7.24645 4.84533Z" fill="#232F3F"></path></svg></a></li><li class="share-list__item"><a title="Share on LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&title=&source=&url=" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="social-share-link"><svg width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 448 512" fill="currentColor" class="icon icon-linkedin"><title>LinkedIn</title><path d="M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3zM135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zm-33.2-243c-21.3 0-38.5-17.3-38.5-38.5S80.9 96 102.2 96c21.2 0 38.5 17.3 38.5 38.5 0 21.3-17.2 38.5-38.5 38.5zm282.1 243h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9V416z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="share-list__item"><a title="Share on Email" href="mailto:?subject=" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="social-share-link"><svg width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 512 512" fill="currentColor" class="icon icon-email"><title>Email</title><path d="M464 64H48C21.49 64 0 85.49 0 112v288c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h416c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V112c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zm0 48v40.805c-22.422 18.259-58.168 46.651-134.587 106.49-16.841 13.247-50.201 45.072-73.413 44.701-23.208.375-56.579-31.459-73.413-44.701C106.18 199.465 70.425 171.067 48 152.805V112h416zM48 400V214.398c22.914 18.251 55.409 43.862 104.938 82.646 21.857 17.205 60.134 55.186 103.062 54.955 42.717.231 80.509-37.199 103.053-54.947 49.528-38.783 82.032-64.401 104.947-82.653V400H48z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="a20m-feedback-float-tab-container" data-subpage-type="Guides"> </div> <footer id="a20m-footer" style="min-height: 150px; 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