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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">KPI measurement of maternal death</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Maternal_mortality_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Maternal mortality rate">Maternal mortality rate</a>.</div> <p>The <b>maternal mortality ratio</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Key_performance_indicator" class="mw-redirect" title="Key performance indicator">key performance indicator</a> (KPI) for efforts to improve the health and safety of mothers before, during, and after childbirth per country worldwide. Often referred to as MMR, it is the annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes). It is not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Maternal_mortality_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Maternal mortality rate">maternal mortality rate</a>, which is the number of maternal deaths (direct and indirect) in a given period per 100,000 women of reproductive age during the same time period.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The statistics are gathered by <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNFPA" class="mw-redirect" title="UNFPA">UNFPA</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Population Division">United Nations Population Division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Worldbank_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worldbank-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The yearly report started in 1990 and is called <i>Trends in Maternal Mortality</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Worldbank_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worldbank-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the 2015 data published in 2016, the countries that have seen an increase in the maternal mortality ratio since 1990 are the Bahamas, Georgia, Guyana, Jamaica, Dem. People’s Rep. Korea, Serbia, South Africa, St. Lucia, Suriname, Tonga, <a href="/wiki/Maternal_mortality_in_the_United_States" title="Maternal mortality in the United States">United States</a>, Venezuela, RB Zimbabwe. But according to Sustainable Development Goals report 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the overall maternal mortality ratio has declined by 37 percent since 2002. Nearly 303,000 women died due to complications during pregnancy. </p><p>With an exceptionally high mortality ratio compared to other U.S. states, the government of Texas created the <a href="/wiki/Maternal_Mortality_and_Morbidity_Task_Force" title="Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Task Force">Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Task Force</a> in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Country_measurements">Country measurements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maternal_mortality_ratio&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Country measurements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_maternal_mortality_ratio" title="List of countries by maternal mortality ratio">List of countries by maternal mortality ratio</a></div> <p>This KPI was used for the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals" title="Millennium Development Goals">Millennium Development Goals</a> from 2000 to 2015 and is part of the <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a>. 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td:nth-child(17),.mw-parser-output .col18right td:nth-child(18),.mw-parser-output .col19right td:nth-child(19),.mw-parser-output .col20right td:nth-child(20),.mw-parser-output .col21right td:nth-child(21),.mw-parser-output .col22right td:nth-child(22),.mw-parser-output .col23right td:nth-child(23),.mw-parser-output .col24right td:nth-child(24),.mw-parser-output .col25right td:nth-child(25),.mw-parser-output .col26right td:nth-child(26),.mw-parser-output .col27right td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28right td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29right td:nth-child(29){text-align:right}</style> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable sticky-header sort-under static-row-numbers col1left" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>1990</th> <th>2000</th> <th>2015 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Afghanistan</td> <td>1,340</td> <td>1,100</td> <td>396 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Albania</td> <td>71</td> <td>43</td> <td>29 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Algeria</td> <td>216</td> <td>170</td> <td>140 </td></tr> <tr> <td>American Samoa</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Andorra</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Angola</td> <td>1,160</td> <td>924</td> <td>477 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antigua and Barbuda</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Argentina</td> <td>72</td> <td>60</td> <td>52 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Armenia</td> <td>58</td> <td>40</td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aruba</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Australia</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Austria</td> <td>8</td> <td>5</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Azerbaijan</td> <td>64</td> <td>48</td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bahamas, The</td> <td>46</td> <td>61</td> <td>80 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bahrain</td> <td>26</td> <td>21</td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bangladesh</td> <td>569</td> <td>399</td> <td>176 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Barbados</td> <td>58</td> <td>48</td> <td>27 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Belarus</td> <td>33</td> <td>26</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Belgium</td> <td>9</td> <td>9</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Belize</td> <td>54</td> <td>53</td> <td>28 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Benin</td> <td>576</td> <td>572</td> <td>405 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bermuda</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bhutan</td> <td>945</td> <td>423</td> <td>148 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bolivia</td> <td>425</td> <td>334</td> <td>206 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bosnia and Herzegovina</td> <td>28</td> <td>17</td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Botswana</td> <td>243</td> <td>311</td> <td>129 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brazil</td> <td>104</td> <td>66</td> <td>44 </td></tr> <tr> <td>British Virgin Islands</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brunei Darussalam</td> <td>35</td> <td>31</td> <td>23 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bulgaria</td> <td>25</td> <td>21</td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Burkina Faso</td> <td>727</td> <td>547</td> <td>371 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Burundi</td> <td>1,220</td> <td>954</td> <td>712 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cabo Verde</td> <td>256</td> <td>83</td> <td>42 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cambodia</td> <td>1,020</td> <td>484</td> <td>161 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cameroon</td> <td>728</td> <td>750</td> <td>596 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Canada</td> <td>7</td> <td>9</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cayman Islands</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Central African Republic</td> <td>1,290</td> <td>1,200</td> <td>882 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chad</td> <td>1,450</td> <td>1,370</td> <td>856 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Channel Islands</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chile</td> <td>57</td> <td>31</td> <td>22 </td></tr> <tr> <td>China</td> <td>97</td> <td>58</td> <td>27 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colombia</td> <td>118</td> <td>97</td> <td>64 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Comoros</td> <td>635</td> <td>499</td> <td>335 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Congo, Dem. Rep.</td> <td>879</td> <td>874</td> <td>693 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Congo, Rep.</td> <td>603</td> <td>653</td> <td>442 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Costa Rica</td> <td>43</td> <td>38</td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Côte d'Ivoire</td> <td>745</td> <td>671</td> <td>645 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Croatia</td> <td>10</td> <td>11</td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cuba</td> <td>58</td> <td>43</td> <td>39 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Curaçao</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cyprus</td> <td>16</td> <td>15</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Czech Republic</td> <td>14</td> <td>7</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Denmark</td> <td>11</td> <td>9</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Djibouti</td> <td>517</td> <td>401</td> <td>229 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dominica</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dominican Republic</td> <td>198</td> <td>79</td> <td>92 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ecuador</td> <td>185</td> <td>103</td> <td>64 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Egypt, Arab Rep.</td> <td>106</td> <td>63</td> <td>33 </td></tr> <tr> <td>El Salvador</td> <td>157</td> <td>84</td> <td>54 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Equatorial Guinea</td> <td>1,310</td> <td>702</td> <td>342 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eritrea</td> <td>1,590</td> <td>733</td> <td>501 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Estonia</td> <td>42</td> <td>26</td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ethiopia</td> <td>1,250</td> <td>897</td> <td>353 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Faroe Islands</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fiji</td> <td>63</td> <td>42</td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Finland</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>France</td> <td>13</td> <td>12</td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>French Polynesia</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gabon</td> <td>422</td> <td>405</td> <td>291 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gambia, The</td> <td>1,030</td> <td>887</td> <td>706 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Georgia</td> <td>34</td> <td>37</td> <td>36 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany</td> <td>11</td> <td>8</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ghana</td> <td>634</td> <td>467</td> <td>319 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gibraltar</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Greece</td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Greenland</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grenada</td> <td>41</td> <td>29</td> <td>27 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guam</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guatemala</td> <td>205</td> <td>178</td> <td>88 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guinea</td> <td>1,040</td> <td>976</td> <td>679 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guinea-Bissau</td> <td>907</td> <td>800</td> <td>549 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guyana</td> <td>171</td> <td>210</td> <td>229 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Haiti</td> <td>625</td> <td>505</td> <td>359 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Honduras</td> <td>272</td> <td>133</td> <td>129 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hong Kong SAR, China</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hungary</td> <td>24</td> <td>15</td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iceland</td> <td>7</td> <td>5</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>India</td> <td>556</td> <td>374</td> <td>174 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Indonesia</td> <td>446</td> <td>265</td> <td>126 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iran, Islamic Rep.</td> <td>123</td> <td>51</td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iraq</td> <td>107</td> <td>63</td> <td>50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ireland</td> <td>11</td> <td>9</td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Isle of Man</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Israel</td> <td>11</td> <td>8</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Italy</td> <td>8</td> <td>5</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jamaica</td> <td>79</td> <td>89</td> <td>89 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Japan</td> <td>14</td> <td>10</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jordan</td> <td>110</td> <td>77</td> <td>58 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kazakhstan</td> <td>78</td> <td>65</td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kenya</td> <td>687</td> <td>759</td> <td>510 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kiribati</td> <td>234</td> <td>166</td> <td>90 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Korea, Dem. People’s Rep.</td> <td>75</td> <td>128</td> <td>82 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Korea, Rep.</td> <td>21</td> <td>16</td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kosovo</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kuwait</td> <td>7</td> <td>7</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kyrgyz Republic</td> <td>80</td> <td>74</td> <td>76 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lao PDR</td> <td>905</td> <td>546</td> <td>197 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Latvia</td> <td>48</td> <td>30</td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lebanon</td> <td>74</td> <td>42</td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lesotho</td> <td>629</td> <td>649</td> <td>487 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liberia</td> <td>1,500</td> <td>1,270</td> <td>725 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Libya</td> <td>39</td> <td>17</td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liechtenstein</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lithuania</td> <td>29</td> <td>16</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Luxembourg</td> <td>12</td> <td>13</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Macao SAR, China</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Macedonia</td> <td>14</td> <td>12</td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Madagascar</td> <td>778</td> <td>536</td> <td>353 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Malawi</td> <td>957</td> <td>890</td> <td>634 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Malaysia</td> <td>79</td> <td>58</td> <td>40 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maldives</td> <td>677</td> <td>163</td> <td>68 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mali</td> <td>1,010</td> <td>834</td> <td>587 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Malta</td> <td>13</td> <td>15</td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Marshall Islands</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mauritania</td> <td>859</td> <td>813</td> <td>602 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mauritius</td> <td>81</td> <td>40</td> <td>53 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mexico</td> <td>90</td> <td>77</td> <td>38 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Micronesia, Fed. Sts.</td> <td>183</td> <td>153</td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moldova</td> <td>51</td> <td>49</td> <td>23 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Monaco</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mongolia</td> <td>186</td> <td>161</td> <td>44 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Montenegro</td> <td>10</td> <td>11</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Morocco</td> <td>317</td> <td>221</td> <td>121 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mozambique</td> <td>1,390</td> <td>915</td> <td>489 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Myanmar</td> <td>453</td> <td>308</td> <td>178 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Namibia</td> <td>338</td> <td>352</td> <td>265 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nauru</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nepal</td> <td>901</td> <td>548</td> <td>258 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Netherlands</td> <td>12</td> <td>14</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Caledonia</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Zealand</td> <td>18</td> <td>12</td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nicaragua</td> <td>173</td> <td>202</td> <td>150 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Niger</td> <td>873</td> <td>794</td> <td>553 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nigeria</td> <td>1,350</td> <td>1,170</td> <td>814 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Northern Mariana Islands</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Norway</td> <td>7</td> <td>7</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oman</td> <td>30</td> <td>20</td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pakistan</td> <td>431</td> <td>306</td> <td>178 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Palau</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Panama</td> <td>102</td> <td>82</td> <td>94 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Papua New Guinea</td> <td>470</td> <td>342</td> <td>215 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Paraguay</td> <td>150</td> <td>158</td> <td>132 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Peru</td> <td>251</td> <td>140</td> <td>68 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Philippines</td> <td>152</td> <td>124</td> <td>114 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Poland</td> <td>17</td> <td>8</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Portugal</td> <td>17</td> <td>13</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Puerto Rico</td> <td>26</td> <td>22</td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qatar</td> <td>29</td> <td>24</td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Romania</td> <td>124</td> <td>51</td> <td>31 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russian Federation</td> <td>63</td> <td>57</td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rwanda</td> <td>1,300</td> <td>1,020</td> <td>290 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Samoa</td> <td>156</td> <td>93</td> <td>51 </td></tr> <tr> <td>San Marino</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>São Tomé and Príncipe</td> <td>330</td> <td>222</td> <td>156 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Saudi Arabia</td> <td>46</td> <td>23</td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Senegal</td> <td>540</td> <td>488</td> <td>315 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Serbia</td> <td>14</td> <td>17</td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seychelles</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sierra Leone</td> <td>2,630</td> <td>2,650</td> <td>1,360 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Singapore</td> <td>12</td> <td>18</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sint Maarten (Dutch part)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Slovak Republic</td> <td>11</td> <td>8</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Slovenia</td> <td>12</td> <td>12</td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Solomon Islands</td> <td>364</td> <td>214</td> <td>114 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Somalia</td> <td>1,210</td> <td>1,080</td> <td>732 </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Africa</td> <td>108</td> <td>85</td> <td>138 </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Sudan</td> <td>1,730</td> <td>1,310</td> <td>789 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spain</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sri Lanka</td> <td>75</td> <td>57</td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>St. Kitts and Nevis</td> <td>44</td> <td>145</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>St. Lucia</td> <td>45</td> <td>54</td> <td>48 </td></tr> <tr> <td>St. Martin (French part)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>St. Vincent and the Grenadines</td> <td>58</td> <td>74</td> <td>45 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sudan</td> <td>744</td> <td>544</td> <td>311 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suriname</td> <td>127</td> <td>259</td> <td>155 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Swaziland</td> <td>635</td> <td>586</td> <td>389 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sweden</td> <td>8</td> <td>5</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Switzerland</td> <td>8</td> <td>7</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Syrian Arab Republic</td> <td>123</td> <td>73</td> <td>68 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tajikistan</td> <td>107</td> <td>68</td> <td>32 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tanzania</td> <td>997</td> <td>842</td> <td>398 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thailand</td> <td>40</td> <td>25</td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Timor-Leste</td> <td>1,080</td> <td>694</td> <td>215 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Togo</td> <td>568</td> <td>491</td> <td>368 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tonga</td> <td>75</td> <td>97</td> <td>124 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trinidad and Tobago</td> <td>90</td> <td>62</td> <td>63 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tunisia</td> <td>131</td> <td>84</td> <td>62 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turkey</td> <td>97</td> <td>79</td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turkmenistan</td> <td>82</td> <td>59</td> <td>42 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turks and Caicos Islands</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tuvalu</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Uganda</td> <td>687</td> <td>620</td> <td>343 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ukraine</td> <td>46</td> <td>34</td> <td>24 </td></tr> <tr> <td>United Arab Emirates</td> <td>17</td> <td>8</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>United Kingdom</td> <td>10</td> <td>12</td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>United States</td> <td>12</td> <td>12</td> <td>28 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Uruguay</td> <td>37</td> <td>31</td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Uzbekistan</td> <td>54</td> <td>34</td> <td>36 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vanuatu</td> <td>225</td> <td>144</td> <td>78 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Venezuela, RB</td> <td>94</td> <td>90</td> <td>95 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vietnam</td> <td>139</td> <td>81</td> <td>54 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Virgin Islands (U.S.)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>West Bank and Gaza</td> <td>118</td> <td>72</td> <td>45 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yemen, Rep.</td> <td>547</td> <td>440</td> <td>385 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zambia</td> <td>577</td> <td>541</td> <td>224 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zimbabwe</td> <td>440</td> <td>590</td> <td>443 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_aggregated_data_by_region">List of aggregated data by region</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maternal_mortality_ratio&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of aggregated data by region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1232966811"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1253789634"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1245584064"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1233514072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1275448275"> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable sticky-header sort-under static-row-numbers col1left" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Region</th> <th>1990</th> <th>2015 </th></tr> <tr> <td>World</td> <td>385</td> <td>216 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arab World</td> <td>289</td> <td>156 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Caribbean small states</td> <td>94</td> <td>99 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Central Europe and the Baltics</td> <td>41</td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>East Asia & Pacific</td> <td>159</td> <td>59 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Euro area</td> <td>11</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Europe & Central Asia</td> <td>44</td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td>European Union</td> <td>18</td> <td>8 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_aggregated_data_by_focus_subject">List of aggregated data by focus subject</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maternal_mortality_ratio&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: List of aggregated data by focus subject"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1232966811"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1253789634"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1245584064"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1233514072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1275448275"> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable sticky-header sort-under static-row-numbers col1left" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Focus subject</th> <th>1990</th> <th>2015 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Fragile and conflict affected situations</td> <td>792</td> <td>481 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC)</td> <td>957</td> <td>482 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Latin America & Caribbean</td> <td>135</td> <td>67 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Least developed countries: UN classification</td> <td>903</td> <td>436 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Middle East & North Africa</td> <td>166</td> <td>81 </td></tr> <tr> <td>North America</td> <td>11</td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>OECD members</td> <td>32</td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other small states</td> <td>538</td> <td>316 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pacific island small states</td> <td>176</td> <td>75 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Small states</td> <td>428</td> <td>272 </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Asia</td> <td>558</td> <td>182 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sub-Saharan Africa</td> <td>987</td> <td>547 </td></tr> <tr> <td>High income</td> <td>15</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Low & middle income</td> <td>425</td> <td>237 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Low income</td> <td>1,010</td> <td>496 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lower middle income</td> <td>533</td> <td>251 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Middle income</td> <td>349</td> <td>180 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Upper middle income</td> <td>114</td> <td>54 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maternal_mortality_ratio&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_infant_and_under-five_mortality_rates" title="List of countries by infant and under-five mortality rates">List of countries by infant and under-five mortality rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_maternal_mortality_ratio" title="List of countries by maternal mortality ratio">List of countries by maternal mortality ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_death_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by death rate">List of countries by death rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_death" title="Maternal death">Maternal mortality</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maternal_mortality_ratio&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.org/content/definitions-maternal-mortality">Maternal Mortality Ratio vs Maternal Mortality Rate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202083826/https://www.pop.org/content/definitions-maternal-mortality">Archived</a> 2017-02-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on <a href="/wiki/Population_Research_Institute_(organization)" title="Population Research Institute (organization)">Population Research Institute</a> website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Worldbank-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Worldbank_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Worldbank_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT">Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births)</a> on website of <a href="/wiki/The_World_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Bank">The World Bank</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2018/overview/">"Decline in Maternal Mortality Rate"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decline+in+Maternal+Mortality+Rate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funstats.un.org%2Fsdgs%2Freport%2F2018%2Foverview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaternal+mortality+ratio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/gho/maternal_health/countries/usa.pdf">US Maternal Health Profile</a> on WHO website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legiscan.com/TX/bill/SB495/2013">Senate Bill 495, 83rd Legislature, Regular Session, 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Underlying Cause of Death 1999-2016 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released December, 2017. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2016, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html">http://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html</a> on May 30, 2018 9:11:06 AM</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maternal_mortality_ratio&oldid=1221385429">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maternal_mortality_ratio&oldid=1221385429</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Causes_of_death" title="Category:Causes of death">Causes of death</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Death-related_lists" title="Category:Death-related lists">Death-related lists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maternal_death" title="Category:Maternal death">Maternal death</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Demography" title="Category:Demography">Demography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_Health_Organization" title="Category:World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 April 2024, at 16:36<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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