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searchaux" style="display:none">French Resistance leader (1897-1952)</div> <p><b>Henri d'Astier de La Vigerie</b> (11 September 1897 – 10 October 1952) was a French soldier, <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance"><i>Résistance</i></a> member, and conservative politician. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_d%27Astier_de_la_Vigerie&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Henri d'Astier was born in <a href="/wiki/Villedieu-sur-Indre" title="Villedieu-sur-Indre">Villedieu-sur-Indre</a>, a small village in the <a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a> département of central France. His military career began in 1915, and, by the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, he had reached the rank of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">lieutenant</a>, and he had been awarded the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Legion of Honor">Legion of Honor</a>. </p><p>Politically, d'Astier was strongly conservative and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>. In particular, he believed that the <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republican</a> form of government was inherently weak and ineffective and that France would be stronger under a traditional <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchy</a>. He was an admirer of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Charles Maurras</a>, a prominent monarchist intellectual and poet. It is possible that d'Astier was involved in <a href="/wiki/La_Cagoule" title="La Cagoule">La Cagoule</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascist</a>-leaning organisation that sought the French Republic's overthrow. </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> broke out, d'Astier was called back into active service. Although his political views could be deemed close to <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a>, he was also determined to see France stand as a strong nation, and, therefore, he vehemently opposed the German invasion. His reaction contrasted sharply with the attitude of some of his ideological colleagues, who urged collaboration and alliance with the Nazis against a perceived threat from <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">French defeat</a> in June 1940, d'Astier became active in the <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a>. </p><p>He was eventually forced to flee, however, when the capture of a colleague threatened to expose him. He escaped to <a href="/wiki/Oran" title="Oran">Oran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, in 1941. There, d'Astier and the local Resistance infiltrated the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy</a> infrastructure in North Africa. The allies <a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">invaded North Africa</a> in 1942, and, as the invasion troops were approaching the shore, approximately <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9o_Gras_Group" title="Géo Gras Group">four hundred members of the French Resistance</a>, under the command of d'Astier and <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Aboulker" title="José Aboulker">José Aboulker</a>, staged a coup in the city of <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>. They seized key facilities, including the telephone exchange, the radio station, the governor's house, and the headquarters of the French 19th Corps. They arrested General <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Juin" title="Alphonse Juin">Alphonse Juin</a>, commander of all Vichy troops in North Africa and Admiral <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan" title="François Darlan">François Darlan</a>, the commander-in-chief of the Vichy military. </p><p>Early the next morning, the Vichy <a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">gendarmerie</a> arrived and released Juin and Darlan. However, afterwards, Vichy troops lost time retaking the positions seized by the Resistance during the coup, and this allowed the Allied forces to encircle Algiers with little opposition. Breaking with the Vichy régime, Darlan negotiated a surrender with the Allies that allowed him to retain control of the local civil administration. </p><p>Despite his surrender, however, Darlan was soon assassinated by <a href="/wiki/Fernand_Bonnier_de_La_Chapelle" title="Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle">Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle</a>, a member of the Resistance. Although La Chapelle is believed to have acted alone, Darlan's successor, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Giraud" title="Henri Giraud">Henri Giraud</a>, accused the Resistance of organising the assassination, and he launched a crackdown. Many of the key figures in the Resistance were arrested, and d'Astier went into hiding. He was found and arrested in early 1943. When <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> became the sole head of the <a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free French</a> forces, d'Astier was released. Shortly thereafter, he was appointed to De Gaulle's Commission of National Defense. </p><p>In 1944, d'Astier led a 45-man detachment in France, operating behind enemy lines to prepare the way for the Allied invasion. He continued to fight in France for the remainder of the war. </p><p>Henri d'Astier died in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> in 1952. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_d%27Astier_de_la_Vigerie&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_d%27Astier_de_la_Vigerie" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmanuel d'Astier de la Vigerie">Emmanuel d'Astier de la Vigerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Astier_de_la_Vigerie" class="mw-redirect" title="François d'Astier de la Vigerie">François d'Astier de la Vigerie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_d%27Astier_de_la_Vigerie&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_Official_reports">War Official reports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_d%27Astier_de_la_Vigerie&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: War Official reports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Les Cahiers Français, <i>La part de la Résistance Française dans les événements d'Afrique du Nord</i> (Official reports of French Resistance Group leaders who seized Algiers on 8 November 1942, to allow allied landing), Commissariat à l'Information of Free French Comité National, London, Aug. 1943.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_works_about_these_events">Academic works about these events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_d%27Astier_de_la_Vigerie&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Academic works about these events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>George F. Howe, <i>North West Africa: Seizing the initiative in the West</i>, Center of Military History, U.S Army, Library of Congress, 1991.</li> <li>Arthur L. Funck, <i>The politics of Torch</i>, University Press of Kansas, 1974.</li> <li>Professeur Yves Maxime Danan, <i>La vie politique à Alger de 1940 à 1944,</i> Paris, L.G.D.J., 1963.</li> <li>Christine Levisse-Touzé, <i>L'Afrique du Nord dans la guerre, 1939-1945,</i> Paris, Albin Michel, 1998.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3132207#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3132207#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3132207#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/88457641">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1931433/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmy49wVbDJDgCVXK7TmBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/138890978">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2009066204">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12196408s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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