CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="https://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.csicop.org/si","20190109033220","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1547004740"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta name="revised" content="2009"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=EmulateIE7"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20190109033220cs_/https://www.csicop.org/css/screen.css"/>   <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/web/20190109033220im_/https://www.csicop.org/img/favicon.png"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS" href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/feed"/> <meta name="title" content="The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry"/> <meta name="description" content="The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry promotes science and scientific inquiry, critical thinking, science education, and the use of reason in examining important issues. It encourages the critical investigation of controversial or extraordinary claims from a responsible, scientific point of view and disseminates factual information about the results of such inquiries to the scientific community, the media, and the public."/> <style type="text/css">@import url(https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220cs_/https://www.google.com/cse/api/branding.css);</style> <style type="text/css">body {background-image: url(/web/20190109033220im_/https://www.csicop.org/img/ask-the-dust.jpg);}</style> <title>Skeptical Inquirer Index - CSI</title> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="CECWrLNmS2I5Dsw0UQuTkeTsxg8DjJQnrhgKSuZdCdw"/> </head> <body>  <script> (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){ (h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments) }; h._hjSettings={ hjid:652364,hjsv:6 }; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); </script><script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-102208537-1', 'auto', { 'allowLinker': true }); ga('require', 'linker'); ga('linker:autoLink', ['centerforinquiry.org', 'secure.centerforinquiry.net', 'secularhumanism.org', 'richarddawkins.net', 'openlysecular.org', 'csiconference.org', 'reasonabletalk.tv', 'archives.centerforinquiry.org', 'centerforinquiry.live' ] ); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <script> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script', 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '954303458026392'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); </script> <noscript> <img height="1" width="1" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220im_/https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=954303458026392&ev=PageView&noscript=1"/> </noscript>  <div id="fb-root"></div> <script>(function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));</script> <script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs");</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220js_/https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script> <div id="header"> <ul class="orgs"> <li id="csi"><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/"></a><a href=""><span> </span></a></li> <li id="cfimark"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.centerforinquiry.net/"></a><a href=""><span> </span></a></li> </ul> <ul class="kwicks"> <li id="kwick4"><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/about/about_csi"><span> </span></a></li> <li id="kwick1"><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/resources"><span> </span></a></li> <li id="kwick2"><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/publications"><span> </span></a></li> <li id="kwick3"><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/news"><span> </span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="moreoptions"><p><span class="mag"><a href="#footer">More Options</a></span></p></div> <div id="quotespacer"></div> <div id="wrapper"> <div id="sidebar"> <div id="subscribeSI"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://csi-store.myshopify.com/collections/frontpage/products/si"><img src="/web/20190109033220im_/https://www.csicop.org/img/subscribesi.png" alt="Subscribe to SI" style="border:none; margin-bottom:20px;"/></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/news/show/skeptical_inquirer_is_now_available_digitally"><img src="/web/20190109033220im_/https://www.csicop.org/img/subscribedigi.png" alt="Subscribe to SI Digitally" style="border:none;"/></a> </div> <h3 style="margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:25px;"> </h3> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://secure.centerforinquiry.net/csi/donate" class="img_link"><img src="/web/20190109033220im_/https://www.csicop.org/img/csi-donate-today.png" alt="Donate Today"/></a> <div id="search"> <h3 style="border:none;">Search CSI:</h3> <script> (function() { var cx = '001833901238129012569:pyvfrjzkeyy'; var gcse = document.createElement('script'); gcse.type = 'text/javascript'; gcse.async = true; gcse.src = (document.location.protocol == 'https:' ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=' + cx; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(gcse, s); })(); </script> <gcse:searchbox-only resultsurl="https://www.csicop.org/search"></gcse:searchbox-only> </div> <ul class="subnav"> <li class="described inactive"> <h4><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/volume_42.6">Latest Issue</a></h4> <p>The November / December 2018 <span class="mag">Skeptical Inquirer</span></p> </li> <li class="described inactive"><h4><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive">Archive</a></h4> <p>Past <span class="mag">Skeptical Inquirer</span> articles now available online</p> </li> <li class="described inactive"><h4><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/sb/">Skeptical Briefs</a></h4> <p>Selected articles from CSI's quarterly newsletter</p> </li> <li class="described inactive"><h4><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/">Special Articles</a></h4> <p>CSI's web-only exclusives</p> </li> <li class="described inactive"><h4><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/publications/guide/">Guide for Authors</a></h4> <p>A guide to submitting content for <span class="mag">Skeptical Inquirer</span></p> </li> </ul> <a class="twitter-timeline" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://twitter.com/SkeptInquiry" data-widget-id="286527152260780033">Tweets by @SkeptInquiry</a> <script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs");</script> <br/> <h3>News & Announcements</h3> <dl> <dt><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/news/show/michigan_naturopath_bill_would_legitimize_dangerous_quack_medicine_say_scie">Michigan Naturopath Bill Would Legitimize Dangerous Quack Medicine, Say Science Advocates</a></dt> <dd> <p class="date">May 24, 2018</p> <p>A bill passed by the Michigan State Senate would endanger the health of Michiganders by granting sweeping new powers to practitioners of unscientific bogus medicine and treatments, said the Center for Inquiry. </p> </dd> <dt><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/news/show/skeptical_inquirer_is_now_available_digitally">Skeptical Inquirer Is Now Available Digitally</a></dt> <dd> <p class="date">February 18, 2016</p> Skeptical Inquirer is now available digitally on Apple Newsstand and on all other major platforms through the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://pocketmags.com/">Pocketmags</a> app. </dd> <dt><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/news/show/deniers_are_not_skeptics">Deniers are not Skeptics</a></dt> <dd> <p class="date">December 5, 2014</p> <p>Public discussion of scientific topics such as global warming is confused by misuse of the term “skeptic.” </p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="content"> <h1>Skeptical Inquirer</h1> <p> <strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/http://csi-store.myshopify.com/collections/frontpage/products/si">Subscribe</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/http://csi-store.myshopify.com/collections/frontpage/products/skeptical-inquirer-2000-present">Order One Issue</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/http://www.csicop.org/news/show/skeptical_inquirer_is_now_available_digitally">Subscribe (Digital)</a></strong> </p> <p> <span class="mag">Skeptical Inquirer</span> is the official journal of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. It is published by the Center for Inquiry in association with the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. Six times per year Skeptical Inquirer publishes critical scientific evaluations of all manner of controversial and extraordinary claims, including but not limited to paranormal and fringe-science matters, and informed discussion of all relevant issues. In addition to news, articles, book reviews, and investigations on a wide variety of topics, Skeptical Inquirer has a stellar stable of regular columnists including <a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/author/joenickell">Joe Nickell</a> (<a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/investigative_files">“Investigative Files”</a>), <a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/author/massimopolidoro">Massimo Polidoro</a> (<a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/notes_on_a_strange_world">“Notes on a Strange World”</a>), <a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/author/massimopigliucci">Massimo Pigluicci</a> (<a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/thinking_about_science">“Thinking About Science”</a>), and SI managing editor <a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/author/benradford">Benjamin Radford</a>'s reader-driven (<a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/skeptical_inquiree">“The Skeptical Inquiree”</a>). Yale University neurologist Steven Novella, M.D., founder of the New England Skeptical Society and executive editor of the Science-Based Medicine blog, contributes a new "The Science of Medicine" column, and contributing editor Kenneth W. Krause adds a regular science column, "ScienceWatch." </p> <div class="article-single"> <div class="thumbnail thumbleft"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220im_/https://www.csicop.org/uploads/images/si/alien-nickell-mcgaha_thumb.jpg" alt="UFO Identification Process"/> </div> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/show/ufo_identification_process">UFO Identification Process</a></h4> <h5 class="author">by Joe Nickell and James McGaha</h5> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/volume_42.6">Volume 42.6, November / December 2018</a></h5><br/> <h5 class="type"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/feature">Feature</a></h5><h5 class="type"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/special_section">Special Section</a></h5><h5 class="type"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/a_skeptical_look_at_ufos_and_aliens">A Skeptical Look at UFOs and Aliens</a></h5> <p><p>There is a wide variety of natural explanations for things we see in the sky that are easy to misinterpret. </p></p> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="article-single"> <div class="thumbnail thumbleft"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220im_/https://www.csicop.org/uploads/images/si/ufology-wojchiehowski_thumb.jpg" alt="UFOs: Why Humanoid Aliens? Why So Varied?"/> </div> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/show/ufos_why_humanoid_aliens_why_so_varied">UFOs: Why Humanoid Aliens? Why So Varied?</a></h4> <h5 class="author">by Eric Wojciechowski</h5> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/volume_42.6">Volume 42.6, November / December 2018</a></h5><br/> <h5 class="type"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/feature">Feature</a></h5><h5 class="type"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/special_section">Special Section</a></h5><h5 class="type"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/a_skeptical_look_at_ufos_and_aliens">A Skeptical Look at UFOs and Aliens</a></h5> <p><p>UFOlogy is replete with varying descriptions of UFOs and their occupants鈥攕o much so that concluding an alien intelligence is piloting them goes against the more logical and reasonable conclusion that the only intelligence behind the phenomenon is the human brain itself. </p></p> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="article-single"> <div class="thumbnail thumbleft"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220im_/https://www.csicop.org/uploads/images/si/arthur-j-cramp_thumb.jpg" alt="Arthur J. Cramp: The Quackbuster Who Professionalized American Medicine"/> </div> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/show/arthur_j._cramp_the_quackbuster_who_professionalized_american_medicine">Arthur J. Cramp: The Quackbuster Who Professionalized American Medicine</a></h4> <h5 class="author">by Robert Blaskiewicz and Mike Jarsulic</h5> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/volume_42.6">Volume 42.6, November / December 2018</a></h5><br/> <h5 class="type"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/feature">Feature</a></h5> <p><p>How a pioneering physician at the American Medical Association fought medical fraud on a national scale in the early twentieth century. </p></p> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="article-single"> <div class="thumbnail thumbleft"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220im_/https://www.csicop.org/uploads/images/si/essential-oils-gould_thumb.jpg" alt="Essential Oils: One Weird Workshop"/> </div> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/show/essential_oils_one_weird_workshop">Essential Oils: One Weird Workshop</a></h4> <h5 class="author">by Susan Gould</h5> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/volume_42.6">Volume 42.6, November / December 2018</a></h5><br/> <h5 class="type"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/special_report">Special Report</a></h5> <p><p>Nothing prepared me for the workshops my colleagues and I were required to attend this past winter. </p></p> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="article-single"> <div class="thumbnail thumbleft"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220im_/https://www.csicop.org/uploads/images/si/flat-earth_thumb.jpg" alt="The Salton Sea Flat Earth Test: When Skeptics Meet Deniers"/> </div> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/show/the_salton_sea_flat_earth_test_when_skeptics_meet_deniers">The Salton Sea Flat Earth Test: When Skeptics Meet Deniers</a></h4> <h5 class="author">by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/author/jimunderdown">Jim Underdown</a></h5> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/volume_42.6">Volume 42.6, November / December 2018</a></h5><br/> <h5 class="type"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/commentary">Commentary</a></h5> <p><p>Today, skeptics fight not only false assertions and misinterpretation of facts but also a fundamental distrust of science and a deep-seated paranoia about reputable institutions lying to the entire culture. </p></p> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="article-single"> <div class="thumbnail thumbleft"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220im_/https://www.csicop.org/uploads/images/si/arkansas-river-monster_thumb.jpg" alt="Arkansas鈥檚 White River Monster: Very Real, but What Was It?"/> </div> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/show/arkansass_white_river_monster_very_real_but_what_was_it">Arkansas鈥檚 White River Monster: Very Real, but What Was It?</a></h4> <h5 class="author">by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/author/joenickell">Joe Nickell</a></h5> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/volume_42.6">Volume 42.6, November / December 2018</a></h5><br/> <h5 class="type"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/investigative_files">Investigative Files</a></h5> <p><p> Can we finally solve the mystery? </p></p> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="article-single"> <div class="thumbnail thumbleft"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220im_/https://www.csicop.org/uploads/images/si/canadian-glaciers-nisbett_thumb.jpg" alt="The Ecomodernists"/> </div> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/show/the_ecomodernists_a_new_way_of_thinking_about_climate_change_and_human_prog">The Ecomodernists</a></h4> <h5 class="author">by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/author/mattnisbet">Matt Nisbet</a></h5> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/volume_42.6">Volume 42.6, November / December 2018</a></h5><br/> <h5 class="type"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/the_science_of_science_communication">The Science of Science Communication</a></h5> <p><p> A New Way of Thinking about Climate Change and Human Progress </p></p> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="article-single"> <div class="thumbnail thumbleft"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220im_/https://www.csicop.org/uploads/images/si/smallpox-vacc-hall_thumb.jpg" alt="Diving into the VAERS Dumpster"/> </div> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/show/diving_into_the_vaers_dumpster_fake_news_about_vaccine_injuries">Diving into the VAERS Dumpster</a></h4> <h5 class="author">by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/author/harriethall">Harriet Hall</a></h5> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/volume_42.6">Volume 42.6, November / December 2018</a></h5><br/> <h5 class="type"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/reality_is_the_best_medicine">Reality is the Best Medicine</a></h5> <p><p>Fake News about Vaccine Injuries </p></p> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="article-single"> <div class="thumbnail thumbleft"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220im_/https://www.csicop.org/uploads/images/si/belief-alcock_thumb.jpg" alt="How We Believe"/> </div> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/show/how_we_believe">How We Believe</a></h4> <h5 class="author">by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/author/harriethall">Harriet Hall</a></h5> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/volume_42.6">Volume 42.6, November / December 2018</a></h5><br/> <h5 class="type"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/book_review">Review</a></h5> <p><p> Beliefs guide all our thoughts and behaviors, from brushing our teeth to voting for a particular political party. </p></p> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="article-single"> <div class="thumbnail thumbleft"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220im_/https://www.csicop.org/uploads/images/si/thomas-acquinas_thumb.jpg" alt="The God Engine"/> </div> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/show/the_god_engine">The God Engine</a></h4> <h5 class="author">by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/author/jamesalcock">James Alcock</a></h5> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/volume_42.5">Volume 42.5, September / October 2018</a></h5><br/> <p><p>Belief in the supernatural develops as a natural consequence of the way our brains work, so it should be no surprise that religion is both pervasive and enduring. </p></p> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p style="text-align: center"> Page 1 of 93 pages   <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://csicop.org/si/P10/">Next Page</a> </p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div id="footer"> <a name="footer"></a> <img src="/web/20190109033220im_/https://www.csicop.org/img/csi-logo-new.png" alt="CSI logo" style="display:none"/> <div id="about"> <h2><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/about/about_csi">About</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/about/contact">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/about/csicop/">Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/about/csi_fellows_and_staff/">CSI Fellows and Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/about/donate_to_csi/">Donate to CSI</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/about/policy_on_hostile_conduct_harassment_at_conferences/">Policy on Hostile Conduct/Harassment at Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/about/privacy_policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/about/the_pantheon_of_skeptics/">The Pantheon of Skeptics</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="resources"> <h2><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/resources">Resources</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://csi-store.myshopify.com/">CSI Store</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/resources/us_organizations">Skeptical Organizations in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/resources/international_organizations">International Network of Skeptical Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.centerforinquiry.net/outreach/branches">Centers for Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www.centerforinquiry.net/forums" rel="external">CFI Forums</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="publications"> <h2><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/publications">Publications</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://csi-store.myshopify.com/collections/frontpage/products/si">Subscribe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si">Skeptical Inquirer</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/">Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/si/archive/category/volume_42.6">Latest Issue</a></li> </ul></li>  <li><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/specialarticles">Special Articles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/publications/guide/">Guide for Authors</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="news" style="border:none;"> <h2><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/news">News</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20190109033220/https://www.csicop.org/news">Recent Announcements</a></li> </ul> </div> <p class="legal">Content copyright <acronym title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">CSI</acronym> or the respective copyright holders. Do not redistribute without obtaining permission. Articles, reports, reviews, and letters published on the CSICOP.org website represent the views and work of individual authors. Their publication does not necessarily constitute and endorsement by CSI or its members unless so stated. Thanks to the <acronym title="European Space Organisation">ESO</acronym> for the image of the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap090303.html">Helix Nebula</a>, also <acronym title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">NASA</acronym>, <acronym title="European Space Agency">ESA</acronym> and the Hubble Heritage Team for the image of <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/36/">NGC 3808B (ARP 87)</a>.</p> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220js_/https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.2/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20190109033220js_/https://www.csicop.org/js/jquery.biggerlink.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20190109033220js_/https://www.csicop.org/js/jquery.kwicks.js"></script> <script src="/web/20190109033220js_/https://www.csicop.org/js/csi-master1.js?1" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://ssl." : "https://web.archive.org/web/20190109033220/https://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> try { var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-5311668-5"); pageTracker._trackPageview(); } catch(err) {}</script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="//web.archive.org/web/20190109033220js_/https://s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js#pubid=ra-5b4f583590231335"></script> </body> </html>