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.logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-newspaper"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">The Negro Star</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Negro_Star_front_page_Dec_17_1920.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Negro_Star_front_page_Dec_17_1920.png/220px-Negro_Star_front_page_Dec_17_1920.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Negro_Star_front_page_Dec_17_1920.png/330px-Negro_Star_front_page_Dec_17_1920.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Negro_Star_front_page_Dec_17_1920.png/440px-Negro_Star_front_page_Dec_17_1920.png 2x" data-file-width="1074" data-file-height="716" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Front page of <i>The Negro Star</i> on December 17, 1920, announcing the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a>'s declaration of victory in the "<a href="/wiki/Elaine_Race_Riot" class="mw-redirect" title="Elaine Race Riot">Arkansas riot</a> cases"</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Weekly <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspaper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Hollie T. Sims</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data">H. T. and Virginia Sims</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editor</th><td class="infobox-data agent">H. T. Sims</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">February 1908<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1908-February</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Ceased publication</span></th><td class="infobox-data">January 16, 1953<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1953-January-16</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, Kansas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> number</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/12617095">12617095 </a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Negro Star</b></i> was an <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspaper</a> created by Hollie T. Sims that ran from 1908 to 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-NegroStarCA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NegroStarCA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sims founded the paper in <a href="/wiki/Greenwood,_Mississippi" title="Greenwood, Mississippi">Greenwood, Mississippi</a>, but moved it to <a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, Kansas</a>, in 1919 as a result of <a href="/wiki/Racism_and_ethnic_discrimination_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism and ethnic discrimination in the United States">racial hostility</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-carroll2010_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carroll2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 241">: 241 </span></sup> Bringing national news to Wichita, the <i>Star</i> was one of few newspapers that provided African Americans news and access to African-American updates during the early to mid-1900s. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Negro_Star&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hollie Sims originally ran <i>The Negro Star</i> while he lived in Greenwood, Mississippi. However, the city sheriff and others made Sims unwelcome there after he wrote a tribute to the <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans" title="Military history of African Americans">black soldiers</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-carroll2010_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carroll2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 241">: 241 </span></sup> Sims and his wife therefore moved their family, along with two other families involved in the <i>Star</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s production, to Wichita, Kansas in 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-carroll2010_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carroll2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 244">: 244 </span></sup> </p><p>Sims and his family were very involved with both the newspaper and the community (among other activities, Sims founded the Wichita chapter of the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a>). At the time of the move, the <i>Star</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s assistant editor was W. S. Moore. Sims' brother Hugh also worked at the <i>Star</i>, as did B. H. Neely, who partnered with Sims to form the Kansas Coal and Mercantile Company.<sup id="cite_ref-carroll2010_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carroll2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 244">: 244 </span></sup> For a period in 1934–35, the paper tapped Bennie Williams as a sports editor.<sup id="cite_ref-carroll2010_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carroll2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 244, 248">: 244, 248 </span></sup> </p><p>The Sims continued to publish the <i>Star</i> until 1953; Virginia Sims wrote in January, "Because of Editor Sims [<i>sic</i>] continued weak condition, we are giving up printing; [the <i>Star</i>] goes into new hands later this week".<sup id="cite_ref-VSims1953_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VSims1953-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paper continued as <i>The Post Observer</i> until July 1953<sup id="cite_ref-PostObserverCA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PostObserverCA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <i>Wichita Post Observer</i> until July 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-WichitaPostObserverCA_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WichitaPostObserverCA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ownership_and_memberships">Ownership and memberships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Negro_Star&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ownership and memberships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Star</i> was a paper that came from Sims's vision to spread news of African American progress. Sims and his wife issued and distributed the <i>Star</i> from a barn behind their house until Sims died in 1953. However, the paper received nationwide recognition thanks to a membership campaign by the <a href="/wiki/National_Negro_Business_League" title="National Negro Business League">National Negro Business League</a>, which had been founded by <a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Booker T. Washington</a> in 1900 with a mission "to promote the commercial and financial development of the Negro."<sup id="cite_ref-AmMemNNBL_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmMemNNBL-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Star</i> became a member of the National Negro Press Association, a society of African-American editors and publishers associated with the National Business League, in 1908 (the organization was then called the National Colored Press Association). The <i>Star</i> eventually became a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Newspaper_Publishers_Association" title="National Newspaper Publishers Association">National Newspaper Publishers Association</a> when the National Negro Press Association was incorporated into that group in 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-mjakij2001_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mjakij2001-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Star</i> also belonged to Wichita's Baptist State Convention and Auxiliaries, a collection of Baptist churches, district associations, and auxiliaries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coverage">Coverage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Negro_Star&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Coverage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Star</i> was circulated in the city of Wichita and its surrounding areas in Sedgwick County, Kansas.<sup id="cite_ref-NegroStarCA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NegroStarCA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content">Content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Negro_Star&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Star</i> covered African-American issues across the nation in various topics. As a general-interest newspaper, the <i>Star</i> habitually published stories covering entertainment, public figures, business promotions and advertisements, societal activity, sporting events, and both local and national criminal activity. Because white newspapers paid little attention to African Americans except as "athletic stars, entertainers, or criminals", African Americans in Wichita could only read about daily news of interest to the black community in the <i>Star</i> and one other Wichitan paper, the <i>People's Elevator</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-washburn2008_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washburn2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sims wrote in 1922 that "a newspaperman's duty is to serve the public by giving the truth of all matters [...] regardless of his own individual opinions or creed."<sup id="cite_ref-sims1922_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sims1922-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Advertisements for local African-American businesses, shops, and services were written into the paper as a form of marketing in a segregated community. The <i>Star</i> encouraged African Americans to patronize existing businesses and services, try new ones, and generally support the local economy. </p><p>In August 1934, the <i>Star</i> hired a sports editor and began covering the state baseball tournament in a separate sports page; previously, sports coverage in the paper had been quite spotty. This sports page, consisting of both local articles and reports from the Associated Negro Press <a href="/wiki/Wire_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Wire service">wire service</a>, continued until January 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-carroll2010_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carroll2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 248–9">: 248–9 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Negro_Star&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NegroStarCA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NegroStarCA_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NegroStarCA_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85032569/">"About The Negro star. (Wichita, Kan.) 1908–1953"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicling_America" title="Chronicling America">Chronicling America</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Digital_Newspaper_Program" title="National Digital Newspaper Program">National Digital Newspaper Program</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chronicling+America&rft.atitle=About+The+Negro+star.+%28Wichita%2C+Kan.%29+1908%E2%80%931953&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn85032569%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Negro+Star" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-carroll2010-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-carroll2010_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carroll2010_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carroll2010_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carroll2010_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carroll2010_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carroll2010_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2010" class="citation journal cs1">Carroll, Brian (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kshs.org/publicat/history/2010winter_carroll.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Praising my people": Newspaper Sports Coverage and the Integration of Baseball in Wichita, Kansas"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(2.2MB PDF)</span>. <i>Kansas History</i>. <b>33</b> (4): 240–255. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0149-9114">0149-9114</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kansas+History&rft.atitle=%22Praising+my+people%22%3A+Newspaper+Sports+Coverage+and+the+Integration+of+Baseball+in+Wichita%2C+Kansas&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=240-255&rft.date=2010&rft.issn=0149-9114&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kshs.org%2Fpublicat%2Fhistory%2F2010winter_carroll.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Negro+Star" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VSims1953-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VSims1953_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSims1953" class="citation news cs1">Sims, Virginia (January 16, 1953). <i>The Negro Star</i>. Wichita, Kansas.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Negro+Star&rft.date=1953-01-16&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Negro+Star" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>, cited in <a href="#cite_note-carroll2010-2">Carroll 2010</a>, p. 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PostObserverCA-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PostObserverCA_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85032583/">"About The Post observer. (Wichita, Kan.) 1953–1953"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicling_America" title="Chronicling America">Chronicling America</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Digital_Newspaper_Program" title="National Digital Newspaper Program">National Digital Newspaper Program</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chronicling+America&rft.atitle=About+The+Post+observer.+%28Wichita%2C+Kan.%29+1953%E2%80%931953&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn85032583%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Negro+Star" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WichitaPostObserverCA-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WichitaPostObserverCA_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88063039/">"About Wichita post observer. (Wichita, Kan.) 1953-1954"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicling_America" title="Chronicling America">Chronicling America</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Digital_Newspaper_Program" title="National Digital Newspaper Program">National Digital Newspaper Program</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chronicling+America&rft.atitle=About+Wichita+post+observer.+%28Wichita%2C+Kan.%29+1953-1954&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn88063039%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Negro+Star" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AmMemNNBL-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AmMemNNBL_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov:8081/ammem/amrlhtml/dtnegbus.html">"National Negro Business League"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Memory" title="American Memory">American Memory</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Memory&rft.atitle=National+Negro+Business+League&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%3A8081%2Fammem%2Famrlhtml%2Fdtnegbus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Negro+Star" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mjakij2001-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mjakij2001_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMjakij2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mjakij, Nina, ed. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cfESrcLSbCcC&pg=PA19"><i>Organizing Black America: An Encyclopedia of African American Organizations</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Garland_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Garland Publishing">Garland Publishing</a>. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-203-80119-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-203-80119-9"><bdi>0-203-80119-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Organizing+Black+America%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+African+American+Organizations&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Garland+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-203-80119-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcfESrcLSbCcC%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Negro+Star" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-washburn2008-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-washburn2008_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWashburn2008" class="citation book cs1">Washburn, Pat (2008). <i>The African American Research Journal</i>. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+African+American+Research+Journal&rft.place=Evanston%2C+IL&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Northwestern+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Washburn&rft.aufirst=Pat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Negro+Star" class="Z3988"></span>, cited in <a href="#cite_note-carroll2010-2">Carroll 2010</a>, p. 243.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sims1922-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sims1922_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSims1922" class="citation news cs1">Sims, Hollie T. (January 27, 1922). <i>The Negro Star</i>. Wichita, Kansas.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Negro+Star&rft.date=1922-01-27&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.aufirst=Hollie+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Negro+Star" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>, cited in <a href="#cite_note-carroll2010-2">Carroll 2010</a>, p. 244.</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">"National Negro Business League". <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Negro+Business+League&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Negro+Star" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#cite_web_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSims1920" class="citation news cs1">Sims, Hollie T., ed. (May 7, 1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/HistArchive?p_action=keyword&f_pubBrowse=12ACD48DAF81B0D9">"The Negro Star"</a>. <i>The Negro Star</i>. Wichita, Kansas.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Negro+Star&rft.atitle=The+Negro+Star&rft.date=1920-05-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com%2Fiw-search%2Fwe%2FHistArchive%3Fp_action%3Dkeyword%26f_pubBrowse%3D12ACD48DAF81B0D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Negro+Star" class="Z3988"></span> – via <a href="/wiki/NewsBank" title="NewsBank">NewsBank</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_American_press" title="Template:African American press"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_American_press" title="Template talk:African American press"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_American_press" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African American press"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="African_American_press" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">African American press</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_American_newspapers" title="African American newspapers">Newspapers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bay_State_Banner" title="Bay State Banner">Bay State Banner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Criterion" title="Buffalo Criterion">Buffalo Criterion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Pittsburgh_Courier" title="New Pittsburgh Courier">New Pittsburgh Courier</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Age#The_1974_Reawakening_of_the_Black_weekly" title="The New York Age">The New York Age</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Amsterdam_News" title="New York Amsterdam News">New York Amsterdam News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Time_Press" title="Our Time Press">Our Time Press</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Tribune" title="The Philadelphia Tribune">The Philadelphia Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Afro-American" title="The Washington Afro-American">The Washington Afro-American</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Informer" title="The Washington Informer">The Washington Informer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/African-American_News_and_Issues" title="African-American News and Issues">African-American News and Issues</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Black_Star" title="Atlanta Black Star">Atlanta Black Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Daily_World" title="Atlanta Daily World">Atlanta Daily World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Inquirer" title="Atlanta Inquirer">Atlanta Inquirer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Voice" title="Atlanta Voice">Atlanta Voice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Afro-American" title="Baltimore Afro-American">Baltimore Afro-American</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Times" title="Baltimore Times">Baltimore Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Baptist_Vanguard" title="The Baptist Vanguard">The Baptist Vanguard</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Times" title="Birmingham Times">Birmingham Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Chronicle" title="Black Chronicle">Black Chronicle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Burning_Spear_Newspaper" class="mw-redirect" title="The Burning Spear Newspaper">The Burning Spear Newspaper</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Peacemaker" title="Carolina Peacemaker">Carolina Peacemaker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Carolinian_(newspaper)" title="The Carolinian (newspaper)">The Carolinian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Charleston_Chronicle" title="The Charleston Chronicle">The Charleston Chronicle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Charlotte_Post" title="The Charlotte Post">The Charlotte Post</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Recorder" title="The Christian Recorder">The Christian Recorder</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dallas_Weekly" title="The Dallas Weekly">The Dallas Weekly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Florida_Sentinel_Bulletin" title="Florida Sentinel Bulletin">Florida Sentinel Bulletin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Florida_Star" title="The Florida Star">The Florida Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Defender" title="Houston Defender">Houston Defender</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Forward_Times" title="Houston Forward Times">Houston Forward Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Advocate" title="Jackson Advocate">Jackson Advocate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jacksonville_Advocate" title="The Jacksonville Advocate">The Jacksonville Advocate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville_Free_Press" title="Jacksonville Free Press">Jacksonville Free Press</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Louisiana_Weekly" title="The Louisiana Weekly">The Louisiana Weekly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Louisville_Defender" title="Louisville Defender">Louisville Defender</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Miami_Times" title="The Miami Times">The Miami Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Journal_and_Guide" title="New Journal and Guide">New Journal and Guide</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Orleans_Tribune" title="The New Orleans Tribune">The New Orleans Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma Eagle">Oklahoma Eagle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Orlando_Times" title="The Orlando Times">The Orlando Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Free_Press" title="Richmond Free Press">Richmond Free Press</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roanoke_Tribune" title="Roanoke Tribune">Roanoke Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Savannah_Tribune" title="Savannah Tribune">Savannah Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Tribune" title="Tennessee Tribune">Tennessee Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Triangle_Tribune" title="The Triangle Tribune">The Triangle Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tri-State_Defender" title="Tri-State Defender">Tri-State Defender</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Village_Beat" title="The Village Beat">The Village Beat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem_Chronicle" title="Winston-Salem Chronicle">Winston-Salem Chronicle</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Midwest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Call_(Kansas_City)" title="The Call (Kansas City)"><i>The Call</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Call_and_Post" title="Call and Post">Call and Post</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chicago_Crusader" title="The Chicago Crusader">The Chicago Crusader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chicago_Defender" title="The Chicago Defender">The Chicago Defender</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cincinnati_Herald" title="The Cincinnati Herald">The Cincinnati Herald</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Columbus_Post" title="The Columbus Post">The Columbus Post</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne_Ink_Spot" title="Fort Wayne Ink Spot">Fort Wayne Ink Spot</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gary_Crusader" title="Gary Crusader">Gary Crusader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Recorder" title="Indianapolis Recorder">Indianapolis Recorder</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Chronicle" title="Michigan Chronicle">Michigan Chronicle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Michigan_FrontPage" title="The Michigan FrontPage">The Michigan FrontPage</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Spokesman-Recorder" title="Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder">Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omaha_Star" title="Omaha Star">Omaha Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_St._Louis_American" title="The St. Louis American">The St. Louis American</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Argus" title="St. Louis Argus">St. Louis Argus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Sentinel" title="St. Louis Sentinel">St. Louis Sentinel</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Informant" title="Arizona Informant">Arizona Informant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Lens_News" title="Black Lens News">Black Lens News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Facts_(Seattle)" title="The Facts (Seattle)">The Facts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Sentinel" title="Los Angeles Sentinel">Los Angeles Sentinel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Wave" title="Los Angeles Wave">Los Angeles Wave</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Post_(California)" title="Oakland Post (California)">Oakland Post</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portland_Observer_(Oregon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portland Observer (Oregon)">Portland Observer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Post" title="Richmond Post">Richmond Post</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sacramento_Observer" title="The Sacramento Observer">The Sacramento Observer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_View" title="San Francisco Bay View">San Francisco Bay View</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Medium" title="Seattle Medium">Seattle Medium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Skanner" title="The Skanner">The Skanner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sun-Reporter" title="Sun-Reporter">Sun-Reporter</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Call_(newspaper)" title="The Final Call (newspaper)">The Final Call</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Advocate_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="The Advocate (Portland, Oregon)">The Advocate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Alaska_Spotlight" title="The Alaska Spotlight">The Alaska Spotlight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Aliened_American" title="The Aliened American">The Aliened American</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_State_Press" title="Arkansas State Press">Arkansas State Press</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Athens_Blade" title="Athens Blade">Athens Blade</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Athens_Republique" title="Athens Republique">Athens Republique</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Athens_Voice_(newspaper)" title="Athens Voice (newspaper)">Athens Voice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Independent" title="Atlanta Independent">Atlanta Independent</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Dispatch" title="The Black Dispatch">The Black Dispatch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Panther_(newspaper)" title="The Black Panther (newspaper)">The Black Panther</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Times:_Voices_of_the_National_Community" title="Black Times: Voices of the National Community"><i>Black Times</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boston_Guardian" title="Boston Guardian">Boston Guardian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Broad_Ax" title="The Broad Ax">The Broad Ax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/California_Eagle" title="California Eagle">California Eagle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Carolina_Times" title="The Carolina Times">The Carolina Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville-Albemarle_Tribune" title="Charlottesville-Albemarle Tribune">Charlottesville-Albemarle Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bee" title="Chicago Bee">Chicago Bee</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chicago_Conservator" title="The Chicago Conservator">The Chicago Conservator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Whip" title="Chicago Whip">Chicago Whip</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Circuit_(newspaper)" title="The Circuit (newspaper)">The Circuit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_City_Sun" title="The City Sun">The City Sun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cleveland_Gazette" title="The Cleveland Gazette">The Cleveland Gazette</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Colored_American_(Augusta,_Georgia)" title="The Colored American (Augusta, Georgia)">The Colored American (Augusta, Georgia)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Colored_American_(New_York_City)" title="The Colored American (New York City)">The Colored American (New York City)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Colored_American_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="The Colored American (Washington, D.C.)">The Colored American (Washington, D.C.)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Negro_Times" title="Daily Negro Times">Daily Negro Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Express" title="Dallas Express">Dallas Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Denver_Star" title="The Denver Star">The Denver Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Plaindealer" title="Detroit Plaindealer">Detroit Plaindealer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Tribune" title="Detroit Tribune">Detroit Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Elevator_(newspaper)" title="The Elevator (newspaper)">The Elevator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Equator_(newspaper)" title="The Equator (newspaper)">The Equator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Freedom_(American_newspaper)" title="Freedom (American newspaper)">Freedom</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Freedom%27s_Journal" title="Freedom's Journal">Freedom's Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frost_Illustrated" title="Frost Illustrated">Frost Illustrated</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gary_American" title="Gary American">Gary American</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harambee_(African_American_newspaper)" title="Harambee (African American newspaper)">Harambee</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Freeman" title="Indianapolis Freeman">Indianapolis Freeman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Leader" title="Indianapolis Leader">Indianapolis Leader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ink_(newspaper)" title="Ink (newspaper)">Ink</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Bystander" title="Iowa Bystander">Iowa Bystander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Eagle_Eye" title="Jackson Eagle Eye">Jackson Eagle Eye</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Louisianian_(newspaper)" title="Louisianian (newspaper)">Louisianian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Louisville_Leader" title="Louisville Leader">Louisville Leader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_McDowell_Times" title="The McDowell Times">The McDowell Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Free_Speech" title="Memphis Free Speech">Memphis Free Speech</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Post" title="Memphis Post">Memphis Post</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metro_Herald_(Virginia)" title="Metro Herald (Virginia)">Metro Herald (Virginia)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Michigan_Citizen" title="The Michigan Citizen">The Michigan Citizen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mirror_of_the_Times" title="Mirror of the Times">Mirror of the Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mississippi_Enterprise" title="The Mississippi Enterprise">The Mississippi Enterprise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mojo_(newspaper)" title="Mojo (newspaper)">Mojo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Speaks" title="Muhammad Speaks">Muhammad Speaks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Globe" title="Nashville Globe">Nashville Globe</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Negro Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Negro_World" title="Negro World">Negro World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_National_Era" title="New National Era">New National Era</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_North_Star_(anti-slavery_newspaper)" title="The North Star (anti-slavery newspaper)">The North Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Appeal" title="Pacific Appeal">Pacific Appeal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_People%27s_Voice_(newspaper)" title="The People's Voice (newspaper)">The People's Voice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Independent_(1931%E2%80%931971)" title="The Philadelphia Independent (1931–1971)"><i>The Philadelphia Independent</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Courier" title="Pittsburgh Courier">Pittsburgh Courier</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portland_New_Age" title="Portland New Age">Portland New Age</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Progressive_Era" title="The Progressive Era">The Progressive Era</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravenswood_Post_(Menlo_Park,_California)" title="Ravenswood Post (Menlo Park, California)"><i>Ravenswood Post</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reflector_(Virginia_newspaper)" title="The Reflector (Virginia newspaper)">The Reflector</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Planet" title="Richmond Planet">Richmond Planet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rights_of_All" title="The Rights of All">The Rights of All</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Republican" title="The Seattle Republican">The Seattle Republican</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shining_Star_(Anderson)" title="The Shining Star (Anderson)">The Shining Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Christian_Advocate" title="Southwestern Christian Advocate">Southwestern Christian Advocate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Bee" title="Washington Bee">The Washington Bee</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Sun" title="The Washington Sun">The Washington Sun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Appeal_(newspaper)" title="The Appeal (newspaper)">The Appeal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Winter_Park_Advocate" title="The Winter Park Advocate">The Winter Park Advocate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Woman%27s_Era" title="The Woman's Era">The Woman's Era</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omaha_Monitor" title="Omaha Monitor">Omaha Monitor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Western_Post" title="Western Post">Western Post</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Afro-American_Sentinel" title="Afro-American Sentinel">Afro-American Sentinel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_(Omaha)" title="Enterprise (Omaha)">The Enterprise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omaha_Guide" title="Omaha Guide">Omaha Guide</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Enterprise" title="Black Enterprise">Black Enterprise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Issues_Book_Review" title="Black Issues Book Review">Black Issues Book Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BLK_(magazine)" title="BLK (magazine)">BLK</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clutch_(women%27s_magazine)" title="Clutch (women's magazine)">Clutch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Colored_American_Magazine" title="The Colored American Magazine">The Colored American Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crisis" title="The Crisis">The Crisis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ebony_(magazine)" title="Ebony (magazine)">Ebony</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emerge_(magazine)" title="Emerge (magazine)">Emerge</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Essence_(magazine)" title="Essence (magazine)">Essence</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fader" title="The Fader">The Fader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fire!!" title="Fire!!">Fire!!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TheGrio" title="TheGrio">theGrio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Horizon:_A_Journal_of_the_Color_Line" title="The Horizon: A Journal of the Color Line">The Horizon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jet_(magazine)" title="Jet (magazine)">Jet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/King_(magazine)" title="King (magazine)">King</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Negro_Digest" title="Negro Digest">Negro Digest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Women_and_Children" title="Our Women and Children">Our Women and Children</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Right_On!_(magazine)" title="Right On! (magazine)">Right On!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Root_(magazine)" title="The Root (magazine)">The Root</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sister_2_Sister" title="Sister 2 Sister">Sister 2 Sister</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soul_(publication)" title="Soul (publication)">Soul</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tint_(magazine)" title="Tint (magazine)">Tint</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Transition_Magazine" title="Transition Magazine">Transition Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Visions_Metro_Weekly" title="Visions Metro Weekly">Visions Metro Weekly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/YSB_(magazine)" title="YSB (magazine)">YSB</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Negro_Press" title="Associated Negro Press">Associated Negro Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Black_Journalists" title="National Association of Black Journalists">National Association of Black Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Black_Journalists_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Association of Black Journalists Hall of Fame">National Association of Black Journalists Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Newspaper_Publishers_Association" title="National Newspaper Publishers Association">National Newspaper Publishers Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corporations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Publishing_and_Broadcasting" title="Perry Publishing and Broadcasting">Perry Publishing and Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Times" title="Real Times">Real Times</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism#Abolitionist_publications" title="Abolitionism">Abolitionist publications</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Anti-Slavery_Bugle" title="The Anti-Slavery Bugle">The Anti-Slavery Bugle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genius_of_Universal_Emancipation" title="Genius of Universal Emancipation">Genius of Universal Emancipation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Liberator_(newspaper)" title="The Liberator (newspaper)">The Liberator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_National_Era" title="The National Era">The National Era</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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