CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.loc.gov",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '920e8b4b99a43f65',cH: 'X7lIyvDaIAv6_kjo9UFMCrSlAzfBM15Tk3D.haR_k3o-1742068271-1.2.1.1-ZH.__lKcNP1zIqo8G5ZeaJUTDSKpiZpk9PDNQxmxNbl9pkwEeA56hG2u5hIadqJv',cUPMDTk: "\/collections\/world-digital-library\/about-this-collection\/?__cf_chl_tk=V_Q.BT1g1nPlNrcHDDzelBmSUBE5AZQFckWt.M10Ft4-1742068271-1.0.1.1-5Wf00876_NJKSzaZlS.Q_Amrd6k4I2RLSLUU4tH9mx0",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1742068271',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/collections\/world-digital-library\/about-this-collection\/?__cf_chl_f_tk=V_Q.BT1g1nPlNrcHDDzelBmSUBE5AZQFckWt.M10Ft4-1742068271-1.0.1.1-5Wf00876_NJKSzaZlS.Q_Amrd6k4I2RLSLUU4tH9mx0",md: "Z_.9WztuPDNY39_K6BCFHIDcYWnQ_Y3nAafa8d42DG4-1742068271-1.2.1.1-XmJpWAY3am2HwfkEy2VoSl_VRFJkENdoEnrjA18j8y8b1N4vQEOfoqubBPhGDnsllTCh4cn2_VGbcaYNmH3pVH4pp.wfL7WyeRAMj_MwZ6_CfHCNLFeYZDWecmmjjfYLmnGI664YEKIwJqj0hdP6_sY6jOkfy17g6j2X3eiiLu3AQ4glDkNM5Vm6n3wGJIQStlPX9zMVwuogYfU4AYB21Xhu2vLSrAUly2QW_.BA9ShPoA9nSSjdndx4O59L5ijCwZjk0N5ATvKcfBQvL1.FCAbYseRNhEHC6jaUdKcFK4xVI5EhuTfLNVSTgXLrgkTfbA.l8gCe5hUlRnxWsg2Y4A2OAZmil4BUfjziAFiAxBYPXlrjsYwKxPjiYUQM6auMAxu3qrRhN1hYANX4hWLZ5CGbXWzBDeFEoMrdgJqWpkA8Q594Q0jRgvjTsb57TGU0.UGWKmuiTgWYfyY0Ri4BvnchYxezLDJ7mfEDA4o8WcMngJAnU0iQwPHmYm211gE2OSN96wCk053BFhjM0yNg5gLymwXDHcMKKEhBWnMOZAlZhbxfyPG39zOrv7zgDO0TjkjAs0AllTKHASEI8uVH.xN2Rf4reuWsIcBkjoVE0IogdhpRf68cE7n4aNay5g99NZtFHJ3y.3KlRqC2aqBUNH4W_Tw1NxSGwhUAQ9_xYLxQKH18Ht4jwueLi0hbi1fR236eO42gQ9AhqxxvF3Ivdwj1AxVTlIITp3m8ZIKtVb.hvmu6HndmPAbdqEqnhVWM6nPdPRBaZYcGtEPwHyA0Kc3AVf6DgI3eW8kPUrgw22iWs94f7hjDqrjTPCmraG4F7weU8pb1n1HdABQ2VHS26phWOkbQUpCwzulFODRNj4rPyxdoj_BmmMPrNni_SORS_qx5zVWcvqMZHSRWb53gOoY5XOp1bKbrb1EJV2zLvJj5b8ag4rDbtUbZVzojGb.fWZgAlGXBEuEHThBSJee2ELcc3UGnxQQq4b_mitsV3NdaCTU4qE.DVeywAm948NQiCvuK4olUu0gqZXFiMUfZPGoeZcLc7BlX2hhyidXV2JvQ7C99_7EAKBBllp2A9Wc3_XSa0caQqgGKD9nugQZK9cZXFepb6UOtx7OZ1Tky7jDJSegxiyYL5EZwf9gWb_WREfAFCeQHwuhM2UhHesAN.C.NDQ3qCcvmuojCLcNJ3YiLP64QDh8ub2Xnuf63J_3L",mdrd: "N4B_Kwr2PW8fdNqsNZRqjIk_xcPQRclwIU2MTYUuju8-1742068271-1.2.1.1-phg0USPcOasGbFyxhM6tLeV12ooFgOqVVpuujDei4vaa5qcWuZRhvIu3gegdc49kUX9ZMfxiFcDsmYanwCy_sEYfDzd8aTzA5VwMxJed5x2xshNO.oTAieu.L8b5xXPeAieXDMsdEYUdzIvucCLOWgZkosZLK2znQ.D9sK_AT60BRoH1wf34k5Q4KDDS2o_vskIVrbA28LLf2Jpjx0hgEeESeVT6JOTF2s5RdvwKdVpqyTQXahLpAu50avr7U4pVK1h_iQs7nn7Q0evLfQnJA1HdC3zqw3sz8rRFSuyphB9vkOe90KlO9eqyzrF8Sz0iFJHY_1V5cD2fuRUUnShEKjmOQ5p79m2z1eeGeZVuF8k1eV28DGW2HrAigmoQbWjSiKXuejuwiKunsilt3i9UORXl9zfz8FfW6kWlmARq.81w3BKvRdge7NtOI.GvVqDZad1bHPMOFOx6i.e.05Kh6AbGDJpxs4y35HBLMPUyeVyp9GkPO5FiBl_0EDsZsg5TxmxPgnjOT_ekqW7ljQvuj6L_xVvkjgmk822GyV3T4QMudEcwW7Ltvbekn8wman_CpqaYBli1hBgzjPglwbF.aDRf79xMDqH4MacTpagbpYntNLoR.9qvchf6LzQSbhPpqMY2vB1xu86ECpMd2ZQAQtFu5NxtPA.fmNg_zhuGJvEY40yv9p9QyOa.GOcotjnoW0AEQ9bfuExR8yIZ0WrZe9oP24i_WBmDFCckQMwTeht5flJOnl_e_cgVj3iPVZiSO90MRAfJfqbJO4hthD5LfVfNJbFGlofkn9NMkWy.yPqcWvt3tHmUjAdmwlViaeY5XUqQlF9odlhpbHdAxaNt.O7nskXUx0AJ82tB4DsEpKXqN73bwT3Ilr8jVcPZUl2b_9OpD4IJ7N4Vgbk2o1doU3D9WdBDB4SzVuiqpJcj0KLNEoWna46v9sDQqlIXS5RPd6jQ8BnatqgKia1b7yvlAczy.g8lP_gHEm_X10_3nvIZ0uXXs46dLWEAedGB1eF.ITmRWC2Di.FQcbGfqE95d7R7.iXYHAlnJCq4lbIJ9tEd8.tP4Vi4JqjiehDkBn5ZgT0dIs1D_W7aGFI65d3n7vuLlw39A7eA_8r4eky9QjfQVz0MFQz12__45PUOaF4kG2KqiFqkxVS2Q_3z56uJHlIZ6BRXtvsljYiPzNqStUA6PIAQny0urTfZ35Wsehc4sTYlBM_RL3o5u1Lc0YwuAZG0JeNX1m.YKmNLLTXWQqe3S7Znhsn6EpV2h5R16__Jpq8mQUbJjkZIlPWsVz2VlJDt4l21nk6OnqDCyPuviFNdJsg8EbBisch54k4WADafIUbO_WwykhwobnMJm4qmMPJ8E99kHVAVC9tUOg9q1SygrNcCnQ8iVY1RHCWygEhU2WTNxe0XFCHr_Dl1xT7whV0QLceMalh1Fpit8wBIuWNAHwW8gnd.2tn12_qlW3dWDXcbz3uVfM8kbxO_RHXUrgw9Q964PBEdD8HmIAm9NeMzSkv3PGBQu2rUNZktQsEJWSeSGL9bTvpO9DHwKWOw79J2mul6sjtP47W4pzUXfhkdq7BZp7qh9d0VOUZzARwgG.CcgVvHi68ABSuPgf90m.5Iin6VAQFmh2th.XuR8stIi03MtlzDFlZOpRSLmjeOaZbBPGIGL2I9NeN8VLvBBnLMotQYvTgniu6q8N6xvSohIB4yI29vcEI7q2L8CmbKcFAmMskHPRMjGZuONMzcN2AWPEgbmKBWpIkqveHgYREWJzOA1_ycISvyiOdLasX.Fe58KJ7crTj77GaRJFeHD2S3L4HxDVAG3QqQzFqhRf230yI6wYCFKrxiJO8FFjvj4PqGqCsF5uEUbGILCJcV2aoRhlfB4Af1vslr5g4r9jZ2De919bvPrJUwYed36g92uqK_VYGT944jgqvzJ8Rk4TMBGmILKA9a0f4Rpfe8GsHsnUaNsbvtV.lxEyxlZdjGcJIIp0K9K0i2d.hCySZBJ55PBcaSouEhbJfFn1NfcQzzmjB0JK7egWo06o3HcJOrRig9GYlIlbemSS2rWXVoRQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=920e8b4b99a43f65';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/collections\/world-digital-library\/about-this-collection\/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=V_Q.BT1g1nPlNrcHDDzelBmSUBE5AZQFckWt.M10Ft4-1742068271-1.0.1.1-5Wf00876_NJKSzaZlS.Q_Amrd6k4I2RLSLUU4tH9mx0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>