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Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7" title="يوهان هويزنجا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوهان هويزنجا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yohan_Heyzinq" title="Yohan Heyzinq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yohan Heyzinq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D1%91%D0%B9%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Ёхан Хёйзінга – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ёхан Хёйзінга" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Йохан Хьойзинха – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йохан Хьойзинха" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="یوهان هویزینگا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یوهان هویزینگا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%ED%95%9C_%ED%95%98%EC%9C%84%EC%A7%95%EC%95%84" title="요한 하위징아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="요한 하위징아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1" title="Յոհան Հայզինգա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յոհան Հայզինգա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%94" title="יוהאן הויזינחה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוהאן הויזינחה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD" title="Хейзинг Иоганн – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хейзинг Иоганн" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7" title="يوهان هويزنجا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يوهان هويزنجا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC" title="ヨハン・ホイジンガ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨハン・ホイジンガ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%91%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0,_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хёйзинга, Йохан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хёйзинга, Йохан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Johan Huizinga" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Йоган Гейзинга – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Йоган Гейзинга" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E4%BC%8A%E6%B4%A5%E5%93%88" title="約翰·赫伊津哈 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="約翰·赫伊津哈" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E4%BC%8A%E6%B4%A5%E5%93%88" title="约翰·赫伊津哈 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约翰·赫伊津哈" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q276280#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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For the American physicist, see <a href="/wiki/John_Huizenga" class="mw-redirect" title="John Huizenga">John Huizenga</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Johan Huizinga</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Johan-huizinga1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Johan-huizinga1.jpg/200px-Johan-huizinga1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Johan-huizinga1.jpg/300px-Johan-huizinga1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Johan-huizinga1.jpg/400px-Johan-huizinga1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="755" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1872-12-07</span>)</span>7 December 1872<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Groningen_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Groningen (city)">Groningen</a>, Netherlands</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1 February 1945<span style="display:none">(1945-02-01)</span> (aged 72)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/De_Steeg" title="De Steeg">De Steeg</a>, Netherlands</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Historian, professor, writer</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influences</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Burckhardt" title="Jacob Burckhardt">Jacob Burckhardt</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discipline</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Groningen_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Groningen University">Groningen University</a> (1905–1923) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden University</a> (1915–1942)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Autumn_of_the_Middle_Ages" title="The Autumn of the Middle Ages">The Autumn of the Middle Ages</a></i> (1919)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_Ludens" title="Homo Ludens">Homo Ludens</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Civilisation_in_the_Seventeenth_Century" title="Dutch Civilisation in the Seventeenth Century">Dutch Civilisation in the Seventeenth Century</a></i> (1941)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Johan Huizinga</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Dutch:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[ˈjoːɦɑn<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈɦœyzɪŋɣaː]</a></span>; 7 December 1872 – 1 February 1945) was a Dutch historian and one of the founders of modern <a href="/wiki/Cultural_history" title="Cultural history">cultural history</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Huizinga&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Professoren_Nieuwenhuis_en_Huizinga,_SFA001019999.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Professoren_Nieuwenhuis_en_Huizinga%2C_SFA001019999.jpg/220px-Professoren_Nieuwenhuis_en_Huizinga%2C_SFA001019999.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Professoren_Nieuwenhuis_en_Huizinga%2C_SFA001019999.jpg/330px-Professoren_Nieuwenhuis_en_Huizinga%2C_SFA001019999.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Professoren_Nieuwenhuis_en_Huizinga%2C_SFA001019999.jpg/440px-Professoren_Nieuwenhuis_en_Huizinga%2C_SFA001019999.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2130" data-file-height="3014" /></a><figcaption>Huizinga (right) with the ethnographer <a href="/wiki/Anton_Willem_Nieuwenhuis" title="Anton Willem Nieuwenhuis">A.W. Nieuwenhuis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a> (1917)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leiden_-_Doelensteeg_16_(Johan_Huizinga).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Leiden_-_Doelensteeg_16_%28Johan_Huizinga%29.jpg/220px-Leiden_-_Doelensteeg_16_%28Johan_Huizinga%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Leiden_-_Doelensteeg_16_%28Johan_Huizinga%29.jpg/330px-Leiden_-_Doelensteeg_16_%28Johan_Huizinga%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Leiden_-_Doelensteeg_16_%28Johan_Huizinga%29.jpg/440px-Leiden_-_Doelensteeg_16_%28Johan_Huizinga%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Huizinga plaque at <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden University</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Groningen_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Groningen (city)">Groningen</a> as the son of Dirk Huizinga, a professor of <a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiology</a>, and Jacoba Tonkens, who died two years after his birth,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he started out as a student of <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a>, earning his degree in 1895. He then studied <a href="/wiki/Comparative_linguistics" title="Comparative linguistics">comparative linguistics</a>, gaining a good command of <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>. He wrote his doctoral thesis on the role of the <a href="/wiki/Jester" title="Jester">jester</a> in Indian drama in 1897. </p><p>In 1902 his interest turned towards <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> history. He continued teaching as an Orientalist until he became a Professor of General and Dutch History at <a href="/wiki/Groningen_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Groningen University">Groningen University</a> in 1905. In 1915, he was made Professor of General History at <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden University</a>, a post he held until 1942. In 1916 he became member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1942, he spoke critically of his country's German occupiers, comments that were consistent with his writings about <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> in the 1930s. He was held in detention by the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazis</a> between August and October 1942. Upon his release, he was banned from returning to Leiden. He subsequently lived at the house of his colleague <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Cleveringa" title="Rudolph Cleveringa">Rudolph Cleveringa</a> in <a href="/wiki/De_Steeg" title="De Steeg">De Steeg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gelderland" title="Gelderland">Gelderland</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Arnhem" title="Arnhem">Arnhem</a>, where he died just a few weeks before Nazi rule ended.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He lies buried in the graveyard of the Reformed Church at 6 Haarlemmerstraatweg in <a href="/wiki/Oegstgeest" title="Oegstgeest">Oegstgeest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Huizinga&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Huizinga had an aesthetic approach to history, where art and spectacle played an important part. His most famous work is <i><a href="/wiki/The_Autumn_of_the_Middle_Ages" title="The Autumn of the Middle Ages">The Autumn of the Middle Ages</a></i> (also released as <i>The Waning of the Middle Ages</i> or <i>Autumntide of the Middle Ages</i>) (1919). </p><p>Other works include <i>Erasmus</i> (1924) and <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_Ludens" title="Homo Ludens">Homo Ludens</a></i> (1938). In the latter book he discussed the possibility that play is the primary formative element in human culture. Huizinga also published books on American history and Dutch history in the 17th century. </p><p>Alarmed by the rise of <a href="/wiki/National_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialism">National Socialism</a> in Germany, Huizinga wrote several works of cultural criticism. Many similarities can be noted between his analysis and that of contemporary critics such as <a href="/wiki/Ortega_y_Gasset" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortega y Gasset">Ortega y Gasset</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Oswald Spengler</a>. Huizinga argued that the spirit of technical and mechanical organisation had replaced spontaneous and organic order in cultural as well as political life. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Huizinga_Lecture" title="Huizinga Lecture">Huizinga Lecture</a> (Dutch: <i>Huizingalezing</i>) is a prestigious annual lecture in the Netherlands about a subject in the domains of cultural history or philosophy in honour of Johan Huizinga.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johan Huizinga’s archive and papers are held by <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University_Library" title="Leiden University Library">Leiden University Libraries</a>’ Special Collections and also available in its Digital Collections.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A complete inventory has been published.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Huizinga&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Huizinga's son Leonhard Huizinga became a writer, including his series of tongue-in-cheek novels on the Dutch aristocratic twins <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrian_and_Oliver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrian and Oliver (page does not exist)">Adrian and Oliver</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriaan_en_Olivier" class="extiw" title="nl:Adriaan en Olivier">nl</a>]</span> ("Adriaan en Olivier"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Huizinga&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Mensch en menigte in America</i> (1918), translated by Herbert H. Rowen as <i>America; A Dutch historian's vision, from afar and near</i> (Part 1) (Harper & Row, 1972)</li> <li><i>Herfsttij der Middeleeuwen</i> (1919), translated as <i>Herbst des Mittelalters</i> by <a href="/wiki/Mathilde_Wolff-M%C3%B6nckeberg" title="Mathilde Wolff-Mönckeberg">Mathilde Wolff-Mönckeberg</a> (1924), <i>The Waning of the Middle Ages</i> (1924), as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Autumn_of_the_Middle_Ages" title="The Autumn of the Middle Ages">The Autumn of the Middle Ages</a></i> (1996) and as <i><a href="/wiki/Autumntide_of_the_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Autumntide of the Middle Ages">Autumntide of the Middle Ages</a></i> by Diane Webb (2020)</li> <li><i>Erasmus of Rotterdam</i> (1924), translated by Frederik Hopman as <i>Erasmus and the Age of Reformation</i> (1924)</li> <li><i>Amerika Levend en Denkend</i> (1926), translated by Herbert H. Rowen as <i>America: A Dutch Historian's Vision, from Afar and Near</i> (Part 2) (Harper & Row, 1972)</li> <li><i>Leven en werk van <a href="/wiki/Jan_Veth" title="Jan Veth">Jan Veth</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i>Cultuurhistorische verkenningen</i> (1929)</li> <li><i>In de schaduwen van morgen</i> (1935), translated by his son Jacob Herman Huizinga <i>In the Shadow of Tomorrow</i></li> <li><i>De wetenschap der geschiedenis</i> (1937)</li> <li><i>Geschonden wereld</i> (1946, published posthumously)</li> <li><i>Homo Ludens. Proeve eener bepaling van het spel-element der cultuur</i> (1938), translated as <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_Ludens_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo Ludens (book)">Homo Ludens, a study of the play element in culture</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i>Nederland's beschaving in de zeventiende eeuw</i> (1941). Translated by <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Pomerans" title="Arnold Pomerans">Arnold Pomerans</a> as <i><a href="/wiki/Dutch_civilisation_in_the_seventeenth_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch civilisation in the seventeenth century">Dutch civilisation in the seventeenth century</a></i> (1968)</li> <li>“Patriotism and Nationalism in European History”. In: <i>Men and Ideas. History, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance</i>. Transl. by James S. Holmes and Hans van Marle. New York: Meridian Books, 1959.</li> <li><i>Men and ideas. History, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance. Essays</i> (1959). Translations by James S. Holmes and Hans van Marle of parts of Huizinga's Collected Works</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Huizinga&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courtly_love" title="Courtly love">Courtly love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a> and his <i><a href="/wiki/The_Allegory_of_Love" title="The Allegory of Love">The Allegory of Love</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._W._Robertson_Jr." title="D. W. Robertson Jr.">D. W. Robertson Jr.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Huizinga&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLiukkonen" class="citation web cs1">Liukkonen, Petri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150210175324/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/huizin.htm">"Johan Huizinga"</a>. <i>Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi)</i>. Finland: <a href="/wiki/Kuusankoski" title="Kuusankoski">Kuusankoski</a> Public Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/huizin.htm">the original</a> on 10 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Books+and+Writers+%28kirjasto.sci.fi%29&rft.atitle=Johan+Huizinga&rft.aulast=Liukkonen&rft.aufirst=Petri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirjasto.sci.fi%2Fhuizin.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohan+Huizinga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00001026">"J. Huizinga (1872 - 1945)"</a>. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=J.+Huizinga+%281872+-+1945%29&rft.pub=Royal+Netherlands+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwc.knaw.nl%2Fbiografie%2Fpmknaw%2F%3Fpagetype%3DauthorDetail%26aId%3DPE00001026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohan+Huizinga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHugenholtz2013" class="citation web cs1">Hugenholtz, F.W.N. (November 12, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/bwn1/huizinga">"Huizinga, Johan (1872-1945)"</a>. <i>Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biografisch+Woordenboek+van+Nederland&rft.atitle=Huizinga%2C+Johan+%281872-1945%29&rft.date=2013-11-12&rft.aulast=Hugenholtz&rft.aufirst=F.W.N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresources.huygens.knaw.nl%2Fbwn1880-2000%2Flemmata%2Fbwn1%2Fhuizinga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohan+Huizinga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Van Ditzhuijzen, Jeannette (September 9, 2005). <i>Bijna vergeten waren ze, de rustplaatsen van roemruchte voorvaderen</i>. Trouw (Dutch newspaper), p. 9 of supplement.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725204113/http://www.hum.leiden.edu/history/huizinga-lezing/over-huizinga-lezing/over-1.html"><i>Huizinga-lezing</i></a>, Universiteit Leiden, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hum.leiden.edu/history/huizinga-lezing/over-huizinga-lezing/over-1.html">the original</a> on 2011-07-25</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Huizinga-lezing&rft.pub=Universiteit+Leiden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hum.leiden.edu%2Fhistory%2Fhuizinga-lezing%2Fover-huizinga-lezing%2Fover-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohan+Huizinga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.universiteitleiden.nl/view/collection/huizinga">"Huizinga Papers"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Huizinga+Papers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcollections.universiteitleiden.nl%2Fview%2Fcollection%2Fhuizinga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohan+Huizinga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collectionguides.universiteitleiden.nl/resources/ubl057">"Johan Huizinga archive"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johan+Huizinga+archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollectionguides.universiteitleiden.nl%2Fresources%2Fubl057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohan+Huizinga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Huizinga&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Willem Otterspeer: <i>Reading Huizinga</i>. Amsterdam University Press, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-8964-180-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-8964-180-9">978-90-8964-180-9</a></li> <li>Jo Tollebeek: "At the crossroads of nationalism: Huizinga, Pirenne and the Low Countries in Europe," <i>European Review of History</i> (2010) 17#2 pp 187–215</li> <li>Donald R. Kelley: <i>Fortunes of history. Historical inquiry from Herder to Huizinga</i>. New Haven, Yale University Press, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-09578-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-09578-3">0-300-09578-3</a></li> <li><i>Johan Huizinga 1872-1972. Papers delivered to the Johan Huizinga Conference Groningen 11-15 december 1972</i>. Ed. by W.R.H. Koops ... [et al.] The Hague, Nijhoff, 1973. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-247-1609-8" title="Special:BookSources/90-247-1609-8">90-247-1609-8</a></li> <li>Sean Farrell Moran "Johan Huizinga, The Waning of the Middle Ages, and the Writing of History," Michigan Academician XLII (2016): 410-22</li></ul> <p>“Text and Subtext in Johan Huizinga’s Writings on America.” From the Halve Maen to KLM. 400 Years of Dutch-American Exchange. Eds. Margriet Bruijn Lacy, Charles Gehring, Jenneke Oosterhof. [Studies in Dutch Language and Culture vol. 2]. Münster (Germany): Nodus Publikationen, 2008, 311-320. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Huizinga&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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(life, work, papers) <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University_Library" title="Leiden University Library">Leiden University Libraries</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.universiteitleiden.nl/view/collection/huizinga">Huizinga Papers: Archive of the Dutch historian and professor Johan Huizinga (1872-1945)</a> Digital Collections <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University_Library" title="Leiden University Library">Leiden University Libraries</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collectionguides.universiteitleiden.nl/resources/ubl057">Inventory Johan Huizinga archive</a> <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University_Library" title="Leiden University Library">Leiden University Libraries</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/history/historian/Johan_Huizinga.html">Johan Huizinga The Waning of the Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/6957">Works by Johan Huizinga</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Huizinga%2C%20Johan%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Johan%20Huizinga%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Huizinga%2C%20Johan%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Johan%20Huizinga%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Huizinga%2C%20J%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Johan%20Huizinga%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Huizinga%2C%20Johan%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Johan%20Huizinga%22%29%20OR%20%28%221872-1945%22%20AND%20Huizinga%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Johan Huizinga</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/14717">Works by Johan Huizinga</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080603182043/http://www.dictionaryofarthistorians.org/huizingaj.htm">Johan Huizinga</a> at <i>The Dictionary of Art Historians</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140111210138/http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/huizinga/huizinga.htm">Online version Exhibition Johan Huizinga in University Library Leiden, 1998</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q276280#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q276280#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q276280#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000092429488">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/66468881">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/11606/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtcMfgjBBJy399mchhPwC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118775294">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50034372">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11908002g">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11908002g">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00443990">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Huizinga, Johan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV016495">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35253841">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990003745&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1145569">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/58435">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068417535">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90232200">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000042855&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000005316&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=61135">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199613075">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/64jmssnq5czdflh">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810597144205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/105113">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007262864205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000044600">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058581060006706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14219781">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00433063?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500319788">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/88436">RKD Artists</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/19103083">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/883532">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118775294.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118775294">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td 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