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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Rozum_ve_filosofii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rozum_ve_filosofii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Rozum ve filosofii</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rozum_ve_filosofii-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Rozum ve filosofii</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rozum_ve_filosofii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rozlišení_pojmů" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rozlišení_pojmů"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Rozlišení pojmů</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rozlišení_pojmů-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Platón" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Platón"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Platón</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Platón-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evropská_tradice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evropská_tradice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Evropská tradice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evropská_tradice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-V_katolické_teologii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#V_katolické_teologii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>V katolické teologii</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-V_katolické_teologii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Odkazy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Odkazy</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Související_články" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Související_články"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Související články</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Související_články-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Obsah" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rozum</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 91 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">91 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rede" title="Rede – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rede" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernunft" title="Vernunft – němčina (Švýcarsko)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Vernunft" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="němčina (Švýcarsko)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%84_(%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82)" title="عقل (منطق) – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقل (منطق)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="যুক্তি – ásámština" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="যুক্তি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ásámština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raz%C3%B3n" title="Razón – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Razón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C9%99ka" title="Zəka – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zəka" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A3" title="Аң – baškirština" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Аң" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akal" title="Akal – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Akal" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Разум – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Разум" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF" title="বিচারবুদ্ধি – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিচারবুদ্ধি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razum" title="Razum – bosenština" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Razum" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%8E%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Оюун – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Оюун" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%B3" title="Raó – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Raó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Хьекъал – čečenština" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хьекъал" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B2" title="ئاوەز – kurdština (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاوەز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdština (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%82%D1%81-%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BD" title="Ăс-тăн – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ăс-тăн" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhesymu" title="Rhesymu – velština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhesymu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="doporučený článek"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornuft" title="Fornuft – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fornuft" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernunft" title="Vernunft – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vernunft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Λόγος (φιλοσοφία) – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λόγος (φιλοσοφία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason" title="Reason – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Reason" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racio" title="Racio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Racio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raz%C3%B3n" title="Razón – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Razón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B5istus" title="Mõistus – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mõistus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrazoi" title="Arrazoi – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arrazoi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%84" title="عقل – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عقل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4rki" title="Järki – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Järki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuna" title="Vuna – fidžijština" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vuna" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidžijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raison" title="Raison – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Raison" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9as%C3%BAn%C3%BA" title="Réasúnú – irština" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Réasúnú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9zon" title="Rézon – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Rézon" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raz%C3%B3n" title="Razón – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Razón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupi" title="Hupi – guaranština" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hupi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaranština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95" title="તર્ક – gudžarátština" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તર્ક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarátština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="तर्क-वितर्क – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तर्क-वितर्क" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razum" title="Razum – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Razum" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rezon" title="Rezon – haitština" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Rezon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բանականություն – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բանականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ration" title="Ration – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ration" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akal" title="Akal – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Akal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skynsemi" title="Skynsemi – islandština" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skynsemi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragione" title="Ragione – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ragione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7" title="理性 – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="理性" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="გონება – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გონება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C9%9B%C9%9Bz%C9%94%C9%94_(raison)" title="Rɛɛzɔɔ (raison) – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Rɛɛzɔɔ (raison)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Пайым – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пайым" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%84%B1" title="이성 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqil" title="Aqil – kurdština" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Aqil" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratio" title="Ratio – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ratio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejon" title="Rejon – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Rejon" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protavimas" title="Protavimas – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Protavimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprie%C5%A1ana" title="Spriešana – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Spriešana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Разум – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Разум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%8E%D1%83%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оюун ухаан – mongolština" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Оюун ухаан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akal" title="Akal – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Akal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Нарумнячи – erzjanština" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Нарумнячи" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzjanština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rede" title="Rede – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rede" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornuft" title="Fornuft – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fornuft" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornuft" title="Fornuft – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fornuft" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rason" title="Rason – okcitánština" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rason" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozum" title="Rozum – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rozum" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84" title="دلیل – paštština" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دلیل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raz%C3%A3o" title="Razão – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Razão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humu" title="Humu – kečuánština" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Humu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C8%9Biune" title="Rațiune – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rațiune" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Разум – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Разум" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raggiuni" title="Raggiuni – sicilština" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Raggiuni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raison" title="Raison – skotština" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Raison" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%84" title="عقل – sindhština" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عقل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razum" title="Razum – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Razum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason" title="Reason – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Reason" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozum" title="Rozum – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rozum" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razum" title="Razum – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Razum" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macquul" title="Macquul – somálština" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Macquul" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsyeja" title="Arsyeja – albánština" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arsyeja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Разум – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Разум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rnuft" title="Förnuft – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Förnuft" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="காரணம் – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காரணம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80" title="Шуур – tádžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шуур" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tádžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5" title="เหตุผล – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เหตุผล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ak%C4%B1l" title="Akıl – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Akıl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Акыл – tatarština" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Акыл" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Розум (філософія) – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Розум (філософія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%AA_(%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%BA)" title="حکمت (دماغ) – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حکمت (دماغ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aql" title="Aql – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aql" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BD_tr%C3%AD" title="Lý trí – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lý trí" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%99%BA" title="理智 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="理智" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94" title="סברה – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סברה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%99%BA" title="理智 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="理智" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AD-s%C3%A8ng" title="Lí-sèng – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lí-sèng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7" title="理性 – kantonština" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="理性" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q178354#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rozum" title="Zobrazit obsahovou 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><div class="uvodni-upozorneni hatnote noprint">Další významy jsou uvedeny na stránce <a href="/wiki/Rozum_(rozcestn%C3%ADk)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rozum (rozcestník)">Rozum (rozcestník)</a>.</div> <p><b>Rozum</b> je schopnost lidské <a href="/wiki/Mysl" title="Mysl">mysli</a> zobecňovat jednotlivé <a href="/wiki/Zku%C5%A1enost" title="Zkušenost">zkušenosti</a>, pracovat s <a href="/wiki/Abstrakce" title="Abstrakce">abstraktními</a> <a href="/wiki/Pojem" title="Pojem">pojmy</a> a činit závěry z předpokladů. V běžném užití má však slovo <i>rozum</i> a od něj odvozené <a href="/wiki/P%C5%99%C3%ADdavn%C3%A9_jm%C3%A9no" title="Přídavné jméno">přídavné jméno</a> <i>rozumný</i> širší význam (např. „měj rozum“, „rozumná cena“, „rozumné chování“). <a href="/wiki/Etymologie" title="Etymologie">Etymologicky</a> je slovo <i>rozum</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Postverbale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postverbale (stránka neexistuje)">postverbale</a> slovesa rozuměti, a to již v <a href="/wiki/Praslovan%C5%A1tina" title="Praslovanština">praslovanštině</a>. Znamenalo patrně chápavost, schopnost porozumět.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rozum_ve_filosofii">Rozum ve filosofii</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozum&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Rozum ve filosofii" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozum&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Rozum ve filosofii"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rozum je jeden z nejdůležitějších <a href="/wiki/Filosofie" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosofie">filosofických</a> termínů a jeho chápání i hodnocení se u jednotlivých myslitelů a škol liší. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rozlišení_pojmů"><span id="Rozli.C5.A1en.C3.AD_pojm.C5.AF"></span>Rozlišení pojmů</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozum&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Rozlišení pojmů" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozum&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Rozlišení pojmů"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Plat%C3%B3n" title="Platón">Platón</a> rozlišil dvojí roli rozumu a zavedl pro ně řecká označení <i>noésis</i> jako „nahlížení věčných podstat“ a <i>dianoia</i> jako rozmysl či rozvažování v praktických otázkách. Dvojice <i>noésis</i> – <i>dianoia</i> se pak v latinské tradici vyskytuje jako <i>ratio</i> a <i>intellectus</i> a u <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuela Kanta</a> jako <i>Vernunft</i> (rozum) a <i>Verstand</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Praktick%C3%BD_rozum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praktický rozum (stránka neexistuje)">praktický rozum</a>, rozvažovací schopnost). V češtině se v podobném smyslu někdy rozlišují přídavná jména rozumový a rozumný. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Platón"><span id="Plat.C3.B3n"></span>Platón</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozum&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Platón" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozum&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Platón"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pro Platóna a celou <a href="/wiki/Platonismus" title="Platonismus">platónskou</a> tradici je rozum nejvyšší schopností duše, která jediná má přístup k tomu, co je neměnné a věčné. Významným příkladem činnosti rozumu je <a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">matematika</a> a <a href="/wiki/Geometrie" title="Geometrie">geometrie</a>. Zatímco rozum je tak obrácen k tomu, co se nemění a nepomíjí, rozvažovací schopnost řídí jako „vozataj“ dva koně vášní, dobré a zlé.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tento obraz rozumu jako „krotitele“ přirozených sklonů a vášní pak hrál ve filosofické tradici velmi důležitou roli. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evropská_tradice"><span id="Evropsk.C3.A1_tradice"></span>Evropská tradice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozum&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Evropská tradice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozum&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Evropská tradice"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antickou tradici převzalo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evropsk%C3%A9_my%C5%A1len%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evropské myšlení (stránka neexistuje)">evropské myšlení</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> prostřednictvím křesťanské <a href="/wiki/Scholastika" title="Scholastika">scholastiky</a> a jejích pojmů <i>ratio</i> a <i>intellectus</i>. Zatímco <i>ratio</i> se především zabývá věčnými věcmi, <i>intellectus</i> rozvažuje na základě <a href="/wiki/Pozn%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Poznání">poznání</a> i zkušenosti. Důraz na rozumové – a tedy <a href="/wiki/Spolehlivost" class="mw-disambig" title="Spolehlivost">spolehlivé</a> – poznání stojí u kořene evropské vědy a její snahy o matematizaci skutečnosti. Myšlenka Božího nebo také světového rozumu, pevného a dokonalého řádu, který má člověk poznávat, je základem novověkého <a href="/wiki/Racionalismus" title="Racionalismus">racionalismu</a>, kdežto spíše praktická orientace britského myšlení stavěla do popředí zkušenost. Rozum se pak projevuje spíše jako <b>intelekt</b>, schopnost zobecňování a zacházení s pojmy na základě smyslových zkušeností (<a href="/wiki/Empirismus" title="Empirismus">empirismus</a>). </p><p>Immanuel Kant obnovil dvojí pojetí rozumu jako <a href="/wiki/A_priori" title="A priori">apriorního</a> (<i>Vernunft</i>) a empirického či <a href="/wiki/A_posteriori" title="A posteriori">aposteriorního</a> (<i>Verstand</i>), který pracuje se smyslovými zkušenostmi. Vlastní rozum však ještě rozdělil na „čistý“ (teoretický) a „praktický“ zejména proto, aby obhájil nezávislost „říše svobody“ či „říše účelů“ lidského jednání a <a href="/wiki/Etika" title="Etika">etiky</a> na přírodě jako „říši nutnosti“, ovládané přírodními zákony. <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a> sice uznává Kantovo rozlišení, nespokojuje se však s pojetím rozumu jen jako lidské schopnosti a vrací se ke starší představě „světového“ či <a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolutn%C3%AD_rozum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Absolutní rozum (stránka neexistuje)">absolutního rozumu</a>, který nezávisí na jednotlivém člověku. Tento rozum ovšem u Hegela není nadčasový, nýbrž teprve vzniká a probouzí se v dějství světa a ducha. Právě tuto představu absolutního rozumu zpochybnil už <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>, zejména jí však silně otřásly <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1lka" title="Válka">války</a> a <a href="/wiki/Zlo%C4%8Din" title="Zločin">zločiny</a> <a href="/wiki/20._stolet%C3%AD" title="20. století">20. století</a>, takže moderní filosofové hledají skromnější formy rozumu, jako je komunikativní rozum diskuse u <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">J. Habermase</a> a dalších. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="V_katolické_teologii"><span id="V_katolick.C3.A9_teologii"></span>V katolické teologii</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozum&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: V katolické teologii" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozum&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce V katolické teologii"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pojetí rozumu v oficiální <a href="/wiki/%C5%98%C3%ADmskokatolick%C3%A1_c%C3%ADrkev" title="Římskokatolická církev">římskokatolické</a> <a href="/wiki/Teologie" title="Teologie">teologii</a> je založeno na vztahu k <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADra" title="Víra">víře</a> a <a href="/wiki/V%C5%AFle_(psychick%C3%A1_vlastnost)" title="Vůle (psychická vlastnost)">vůli</a> člověka. <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADra" title="Víra">Víra</a> vyžaduje, aby člověk rozumem i vůlí pochopil a přijal <a href="/wiki/Zjeven%C3%AD" title="Zjevení">zjevení</a>, které <a href="/wiki/B%C5%AFh" title="Bůh">Bůh</a> uskutečnil svými činy (<a href="/wiki/Skutek" title="Skutek">skutky</a>) a <a href="/wiki/Slovo" title="Slovo">slovy</a>. Bůh hovoří k člověku skrze viditelné stvoření (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Smyslov%C3%A9_vn%C3%ADm%C3%A1n%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smyslové vnímání (stránka neexistuje)">smyslově vnímatelné</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmotn%C3%BD_vesm%C3%ADr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hmotný vesmír (stránka neexistuje)">Hmotný vesmír</a> se představuje rozumu člověka, aby v něm četl stopy svého <a href="/wiki/Stvo%C5%99itel" class="mw-redirect" title="Stvořitel">Stvořitele</a>. Víra stojí nad rozumem, ale nikdy nemůže být opravdový rozpor mezi vírou a rozumem, neboť Bůh, který zjevuje <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A1bo%C5%BEensk%C3%A9_tajemstv%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Náboženské tajemství (stránka neexistuje)">tajemství</a> a sděluje víru, vložil také do lidského ducha světlo rozumu a tento Bůh nemůže ani popřít sám sebe a ani <a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda">pravda</a> nemůže odporovat pravdě. Tuto teorii nově obhajuje a popisuje <a href="/wiki/Encyklika" title="Encyklika">encyklika</a> <a href="/wiki/Fides_et_ratio" title="Fides et ratio">Fides et ratio</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odkazy">Odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozum&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozum&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozum&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozum&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Machek_(jazykov%C4%9Bdec)" title="Václav Machek (jazykovědec)">MACHEK, Václav</a>. <i>Etymologický slovník jazyka českého</i>. Praha: Nakladatelství ČSAV, 1971. S. 669.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Etymologick%C3%BD+slovn%C3%ADk+jazyka+%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho&rft.aulast=Machek&rft.aufirst=V%C3%A1clav&rft.place=Praha&rft.pub=Nakladatelstv%C3%AD+%C4%8CSAV&rft.date=1971&rft.pages=669"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Platón, <i>Faidros</i> 246a aj. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pascal_Bruckner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pascal Bruckner (stránka neexistuje)">BRUCKNER, Pascal</a>. Evropské národy: Od kritického myšlení k masochismu. <i>www.euroskop.cz</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-12-27]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euroskop.cz/8613/15419/clanek/evropske-narody-od-kritickeho-mysleni-k-masochismu/">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.euroskop.cz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euroskop.cz%2F8613%2F15419%2Fclanek%2Fevropske-narody-od-kritickeho-mysleni-k-masochismu%2F&rft.atitle=Evropsk%C3%A9+n%C3%A1rody%3A+Od+kritick%C3%A9ho+my%C5%A1len%C3%AD+k+masochismu&rft.aulast=Bruckner&rft.aufirst=Pascal"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Smyslové vnímání a vědomí člověka - ABZ.cz: slovník cizích slov. <i>slovnik-cizich-slov.abz.cz</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-12-27]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slovnik-cizich-slov.abz.cz/web.php/slovo/smyslove-vnimani-a-vedomi-cloveka">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=slovnik-cizich-slov.abz.cz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslovnik-cizich-slov.abz.cz%2Fweb.php%2Fslovo%2Fsmyslove-vnimani-a-vedomi-cloveka&rft.atitle=Smyslov%C3%A9+vn%C3%ADm%C3%A1n%C3%AD+a+v%C4%9Bdom%C3%AD+%C4%8Dlov%C4%9Bka+-+ABZ.cz%3A+slovn%C3%ADk+ciz%C3%ADch+slov"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Související_články"><span id="Souvisej.C3.ADc.C3.AD_.C4.8Dl.C3.A1nky"></span>Související články</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozum&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editace sekce: Související články" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozum&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Související články"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1e" title="Duše">Duše</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inteligence" title="Inteligence">Inteligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysl" title="Mysl">Mysl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozn%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Poznání">Poznání</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racionalismus" title="Racionalismus">Racionalismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racionalita" title="Racionalita">Racionalita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zdrav%C3%BD_rozum" title="Zdravý rozum">Zdravý rozum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intuice" title="Intuice">Intuice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iluze" title="Iluze">iluze</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatura">Literatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozum&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editace sekce: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozum&action=edit&section=9" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Literatura"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>P. Aubenque, <i>Rozumnost podle Aristotela</i>. Praha: OIKOYMENH, 2003 - 268 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/80-7298-075-0" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/80-7298-075-0"><span class="ISBN">80-7298-075-0</span></a></span></li> <li>J. W. Burrow, <i>Krize rozumu : evropské myšlení 1848-1914</i>. Brno: CDK 2004 - 295 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/80-7325-025-X" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/80-7325-025-X"><span class="ISBN">80-7325-025-X</span></a></span></li> <li>R. Descartes, <i>Rozprava o metodě</i>. Poznámky a doslov Jan Patočka. Praha: Svoboda, 1992 - 67 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/80-205-0216-5" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/80-205-0216-5"><span class="ISBN">80-205-0216-5</span></a></span></li> <li>R. Descartes, <i>Regulae ad directionem ingenii (Pravidla pro vedení rozumu).</i> Praha: OIKOYMENH, 2000 - 314 s. ; 21 cm <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/80-7298-000-9" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/80-7298-000-9"><span class="ISBN">80-7298-000-9</span></a></span></li> <li>E. Gellner, <i>Rozum a kultura: historická úloha racionality a racionalismu</i>. Brno: CDK, 1999 - 188 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/80-85959-44-5" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/80-85959-44-5"><span class="ISBN">80-85959-44-5</span></a></span></li> <li>M. Heidegger, <i>Fenomenologická interpretace Kantovy Kritiky čistého rozumu</i>. Praha: OIKOYMENH, 2004 - 343 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/80-7298-124-2" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/80-7298-124-2"><span class="ISBN">80-7298-124-2</span></a></span></li> <li>D. Hume, <i>Zkoumání o lidském rozumu</i>. Praha: Svoboda, 1996 - 235 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/80-205-0521-0" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/80-205-0521-0"><span class="ISBN">80-205-0521-0</span></a></span></li> <li>I. Kant, <i>Kritika čistého rozumu</i>. Praha: OIKOYMENH, 2001 - 567 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/80-7298-035-1" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/80-7298-035-1"><span class="ISBN">80-7298-035-1</span></a></span></li> <li>I. Kant, <i>Kritika praktického rozumu</i>. Praha: Svoboda, 1996 - 306 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/80-205-0507-5" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/80-205-0507-5"><span class="ISBN">80-205-0507-5</span></a></span></li> <li>J. Locke, <i>Esej o lidském rozumu</i>. Praha: Svoboda, 1984 - 407 s</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozum&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozum&action=edit&section=10" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Reasoning" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Reasoning">rozum</a></span> na Wikimedia Commons</span></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-wiktionary"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="411" /></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text"><span class="sisterproject_text_prefix">Slovníkové heslo </span><span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/rozum" class="extiw" title="wikt:rozum">rozum</a></span><span class="sisterproject_text_suffix"> ve Wikislovníku</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-wikiquote"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text"><span class="sisterproject_text_prefix">Téma </span><span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://cs.wikiquote.org/wiki/Rozum" class="extiw" title="q:Rozum">Rozum</a></span><span class="sisterproject_text_suffix"> ve Wikicitátech</span></span></span></li> <li>T. Machula, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8eP567pDMo">Teoretický a praktický rozum</a></i>. Video z projektu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fizami.cz">Filosofie (asi) za minutu</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><span style="cursor:help;" data-lang="en" title="Jazyk cíle odkazu: angličtina">(anglicky)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-reason/"><i>Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy</i>, heslo Kant’s account of reason</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/practical-reason-med/"><i>Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy</i>, heslo Medieval theories of practical reason</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23078045">.mw-parser-output .navbox2{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .navbox2{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2+.navbox2{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-inner,.mw-parser-output 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style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna_%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_republiky" title="Národní knihovna České republiky">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph198708">ph198708</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polytematick%C3%BD_strukturovan%C3%BD_hesl%C3%A1%C5%99" title="Polytematický strukturovaný heslář">PSH</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psh.techlib.cz/skos/PSH9316">9316</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna_%C5%A0pan%C4%9Blska" title="Národní knihovna Španělska">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX531987">XX531987</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francouzsk%C3%A1_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna" title="Francouzská národní knihovna">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119686925">cb119686925</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119686925">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4063106-0">4063106-0</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85111788">sh85111788</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_parlamentn%C3%AD_knihovna_Japonska" title="Národní parlamentní knihovna Japonska">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569549">00569549</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna_Izraele" title="Národní knihovna Izraele">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007565875105171">987007565875105171</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16915398">.mw-parser-output div/**/#portallinks a{font-weight:bold}</style><div id="portallinks" class="catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Obsah" title="Portál:Obsah">Portály</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Filozofie" title="Portál:Filozofie">Filozofie</a> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Citováno z „<a dir="ltr" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rozum&oldid=22029576">https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rozum&oldid=22029576</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Kategorie" title="Nápověda:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Epistemologie" title="Kategorie:Epistemologie">Epistemologie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Psychick%C3%A9_vlastnosti" title="Kategorie:Psychické vlastnosti">Psychické vlastnosti</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skryté kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_NKC" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NKC">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NKC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_PSH" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem PSH">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem PSH</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_BNE" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem BNE">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem BNE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_BNF" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem BNF">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_GND" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem GND">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_LCCN" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem LCCN">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_NDL" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NDL">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_NLI" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NLI">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NLI</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Stránka byla naposledy editována 27. 11. 2022 v 21:01.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text je dostupný pod <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.cs">licencí Creative Commons Uveďte 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