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</div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Armonici naturali</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 27 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Гарманічны рад гукаў - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гарманічны рад гукаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%88%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Гарманічны шэраг гукаў - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гарманічны шэраг гукаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8rie_harm%C3%B2nica_(m%C3%BAsica)" title="Sèrie harmònica (música) - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sèrie harmònica (música)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonick%C3%A1_%C5%99ada_(hudba)" title="Harmonická řada (hudba) - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Harmonická řada (hudba)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtone" title="Overtone - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Overtone" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturtonreihe" title="Naturtonreihe - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Naturtonreihe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music) - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Harmonic series (music)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturtonserio" title="Naturtonserio - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Naturtonserio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serie_arm%C3%B3nica_(m%C3%BAsica)" title="Serie armónica (música) - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Serie armónica (música)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9_(%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C)" title="سری هارمونیک (موسیقی) - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سری هارمونیک (موسیقی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yl%C3%A4s%C3%A4velsarja" title="Yläsävelsarja - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yläsävelsarja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9rie_harmonique_(musique)" title="Série harmonique (musique) - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Série harmonique (musique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felhangsor" title="Felhangsor - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Felhangsor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B0%EC%9D%8C%EB%A0%AC" title="배음렬 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="배음렬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonische_boventoonreeks" title="Harmonische boventoonreeks - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Harmonische boventoonreeks" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtonerekkja" title="Overtonerekkja - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Overtonerekkja" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szereg_harmoniczny_(muzyka)" title="Szereg harmoniczny (muzyka) - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szereg harmoniczny (muzyka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9rie_harm%C3%B4nica_(m%C3%BAsica)" title="Série harmônica (música) - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Série harmônica (música)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectru_sonor" title="Spectru sonor - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Spectru sonor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Натуральный звукоряд - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Натуральный звукоряд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music) - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Harmonic series (music)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alikvotni_toni" title="Alikvotni toni - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alikvotni toni" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deltonserien" title="Deltonserien - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Deltonserien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Гармонічний ряд звуків - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гармонічний ряд звуків" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E9%9F%B3%E5%88%97" title="泛音列 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="泛音列" data-language-autonym="吴语" 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presenti sono insufficienti</b>. <div class="hide-when-compact"> <div class="noprint"><hr />Puoi <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armonici_naturali&action=edit">migliorare questa voce</a> aggiungendo citazioni da <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fonti_attendibili" title="Wikipedia:Fonti attendibili">fonti attendibili</a> secondo le <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">linee guida sull'uso delle fonti</a>. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harmonic_partials_on_strings.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Harmonic_partials_on_strings.svg/220px-Harmonic_partials_on_strings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Harmonic_partials_on_strings.svg/330px-Harmonic_partials_on_strings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Harmonic_partials_on_strings.svg/440px-Harmonic_partials_on_strings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Armonici naturali</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="17" data-mwtitle="Overtones_Demo.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Overtones_Demo.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Overtones_Demo.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/Overtones_Demo.ogg/Overtones_Demo.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Tono fondamentale (110 Hz) e primi 15 armonici naturali</figcaption></figure> <p>Gli <b>armonici naturali</b> sono una successione di suoni le cui frequenze sono multipli di una nota di base, chiamata fondamentale. Corrispondono alle <a href="/wiki/Frequenze_naturali" class="mw-redirect" title="Frequenze naturali">frequenze naturali</a> delle <a href="/wiki/Armonica_(fisica)" title="Armonica (fisica)">armoniche</a> di una <a href="/wiki/Corda_vibrante" title="Corda vibrante">corda vibrante</a>. </p><p>Un suono prodotto da un corpo vibrante non è mai puro (ovvero senza multipli in frequenza della nota di base) ma è costituito da più suoni, che si differenziano fra loro in intensità (volume) e frequenza (tono, alto o basso). Al suono fondamentale, quindi, si aggiungono gli armonici, che hanno una importanza fondamentale sia nella determinazione del <a href="/wiki/Timbro_(musica)" title="Timbro (musica)">timbro</a> di uno strumento che nella determinazione degli <a href="/wiki/Intervallo_musicale" class="mw-redirect" title="Intervallo musicale">intervalli musicali</a>. </p><p>I suoni armonici corrispondono ai possibili modi normali di oscillazione di un corpo sonoro (secondo un <a href="/wiki/Moto_armonico" title="Moto armonico">moto armonico</a>). </p><p>Ad esempio, se una corda di lunghezza L emette un Mi (primo armonico), la stessa corda vibra con meno intensità anche a frequenza doppia (pari alla lunghezza L/2, secondo armonico), emettendo un Mi all'ottava superiore. Lo stesso principio vale per le colonne d'aria che vibrano all'interno di tubi (come negli <a href="/wiki/Ottoni_(musica)" title="Ottoni (musica)">ottoni</a>) e per la voce umana che, attraverso la tecnica del canto armonico, è in grado di mettere in risalto nitidamente almeno 16 armonici principali. </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ArmoniciCorda.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/ArmoniciCorda.svg/336px-ArmoniciCorda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="336" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/ArmoniciCorda.svg/504px-ArmoniciCorda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/ArmoniciCorda.svg/672px-ArmoniciCorda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="172" /></a></span> </p><p>La serie armonica naturale è la seguente: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suoni_armonici.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Suoni_armonici.jpg/600px-Suoni_armonici.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Suoni_armonici.jpg/900px-Suoni_armonici.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Suoni_armonici.jpg/1200px-Suoni_armonici.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4182" data-file-height="835" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>in cui il suono fondamentale è un Do. Questa serie di note è la base fisica che ha dato origine all'<a href="/wiki/Intonazione_naturale" title="Intonazione naturale">intonazione naturale</a>. Notare che il 7º, 11º e 14º armonico suonano calanti e l'13º è crescente in relazione agli analoghi suoni nel <a href="/wiki/Temperamento_equabile" title="Temperamento equabile">temperamento equabile</a>. </p><p>Da un punto di vista matematico un suono può considerarsi, con buona approssimazione, una funzione periodica e continua del tempo <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5b57ed3bbf501fb3c7f4bc5c4eafa96bb9e32165" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.39ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F(t)}"></span>, pertanto sviluppabile in <a href="/wiki/Serie_di_Fourier" title="Serie di Fourier">serie di Fourier</a> nella forma: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F(t)=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }A_{n}\cos(n\omega t+\varphi _{n})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F(t)=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }A_{n}\cos(n\omega t+\varphi _{n})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eee73184e87d8ace50925ab3bcbdcd4e4794460d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:28.758ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F(t)=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }A_{n}\cos(n\omega t+\varphi _{n})}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Il primo termine della serie rappresenta il suono fondamentale, di frequenza <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f={\frac {\omega }{2\pi }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f={\frac {\omega }{2\pi }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/79577771d4c01f51150d7c5c89ca1048019ea838" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:7.708ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f={\frac {\omega }{2\pi }}}"></span> mentre i termini successivi rappresentano rispettivamente il secondo armonico, il terzo e così via. Il timbro di uno strumento musicale è determinato dalle due successioni <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A_{n}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A_{n}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/730f6906700685b6d52f3958b1c2ae659d2d97d2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.962ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A_{n}}"></span> detta spettro di ampiezza e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varphi _{n}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varphi _{n}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/43c6b983163976c2de92e000fdff880064d1d02c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.739ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varphi _{n}}"></span> detta spettro di fase. Lo spettro di ampiezza è chiaramente decrescente. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tecnica_musicale">Tecnica musicale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armonici_naturali&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Tecnica musicale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armonici_naturali&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tecnica musicale"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I <a href="/wiki/Chitarra" title="Chitarra">chitarristi</a> e i bassisti sfruttano questi armonici naturali per produrre suoni particolari, pizzicando una corda con la mano destra e sfiorandola (senza frenarla) con la sinistra all'altezza: del XII tasto per ottenere un armonico di ottava; del V per un armonico di due ottave; del XVII per un armonico di tre ottave; del VII del XIX per un armonico di quinta; del IV per un armonico di terza maggiore; del X per un armonico di settima minore (anche se poco avvertibile). Tutti gli strumenti a corda possono sfruttare questo principio. </p> <div class="center"> <div class="thumb tnone"> <div class="thumbinner" style="max-width:902px"> <div class="thumbimage" style="overflow-x:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Table_of_Harmonics.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Table_of_Harmonics.jpg/900px-Table_of_Harmonics.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="448" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Table_of_Harmonics.jpg/1350px-Table_of_Harmonics.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Table_of_Harmonics.jpg/1800px-Table_of_Harmonics.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3932" data-file-height="1957" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Table_of_Harmonics.jpg" title="Ingrandisci"><img alt="Ingrandisci" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Magnify-clip.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="11" /></a></span></div> Tavola degli armonici di una chitarra. I pallini colorati indicano le posizioni che possono essere pressate leggermente con il dito per forzare modi di vibrazione (e relativi armonici) particolari</div> </div></div></div> <p>Anche negli strumenti ad arco è possibile suonare gli armonici con la stessa tecnica, sfiorando le corde in punti precisi. </p><p>Nella voce parlata, gli armonici permettono di distinguere le vocali le une dalle altre: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vocali_spettrogramma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Vocali_spettrogramma.jpg/317px-Vocali_spettrogramma.jpg" decoding="async" width="317" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Vocali_spettrogramma.jpg/476px-Vocali_spettrogramma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Vocali_spettrogramma.jpg/634px-Vocali_spettrogramma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Vocali parlate dalla U alla I visualizzate nelle loro componenti armoniche allo spettrogramma</figcaption></figure> <p>I cantanti operistici tendono ad enfatizzare al massimo determinati gruppi di armonici (le cosiddette "Formanti") in modo da poter proiettare la propria voce superando il volume dell'orchestra, arrivando così al pubblico in platea. </p><p>I cantanti difonici (overtone singing) invece, utilizzano il tratto vocale come filtro, al fine di nascondere alcuni armonici mentre ne fanno emergere uno alla volta con il massimo del volume: in questo modo creano delle melodie utilizzando esclusivamente gli armonici mentre cantano su una nota sola mantenuta costante. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armonici_visualizzati_allo_spettrogramma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Armonici_visualizzati_allo_spettrogramma.jpg/275px-Armonici_visualizzati_allo_spettrogramma.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Armonici_visualizzati_allo_spettrogramma.jpg/413px-Armonici_visualizzati_allo_spettrogramma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Armonici_visualizzati_allo_spettrogramma.jpg/550px-Armonici_visualizzati_allo_spettrogramma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1364" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>Scala di armonici naturali eseguita con il canto difonico(cantante: Giovanni Bortoluzzi)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armonici_naturali&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armonici_naturali&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intonazione_naturale" title="Intonazione naturale">Intonazione naturale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cent_(musica)" title="Cent (musica)">Cent (musica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armonici_artificiali" title="Armonici artificiali">Armonici artificiali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moodswinger" title="Moodswinger">Moodswinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canto_difonico" class="mw-redirect" title="Canto difonico">Canto difonico</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armonici_naturali&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armonici_naturali&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Chitarra/Armonici#Gli_armonici_naturali" class="extiw" title="b:Chitarra/Armonici">Wikibooks</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Harmonic series"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Harmonic_series?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikibooks"><img alt="Collabora a Wikibooks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/18px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/36px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="b:">Wikibooks</a> contiene la descrizione dell'esecuzione su chitarra su <b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Chitarra/Armonici#Gli_armonici_naturali" class="extiw" title="b:Chitarra/Armonici">armonici naturali</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Harmonic_series?uselang=it">armonici naturali</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armonici_naturali&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armonici_naturali&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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